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英文论文审稿意见英文版

英文论文审稿意见汇总之老阳三干创作1、目标和结果不清晰.It is noted that your manuscript needs careful editing by someone with expertise in technical English editing paying particular attention to English grammar, spelling, and sentence structure so that the goals and results of the study are clear to the reader.2、未解释研究方法或解释不充沛.◆ In general, there is a lack of explanation of replicates and statistical methods used in the study.◆ Furthermore, an explanation of why the authors did these various experimentsshould be provided.3、对研究设计的rationale:Also, there are few explanations of the rationale for the study design.4、夸张地陈说结论/夸年夜功效/不严谨：The conclusions are overstated. For example, the study did not showif the side effects from initial copper burst can be avoid with the polymer formulation.5、对hypothesis的清晰界定：A hypothesis needs to be presented.6、对某个概念或工具使用的rationale/界说概念：What was the rationale for the film/SBF volume ratio?7、对研究问题的界说：Try to set the problem discussed in this paper in more clear,write one section to define the problem8、如何凸现原创性以及如何充沛地写literature review:The topic is novel but the application proposed is not so novel.9、对claim,如A＞B的证明,verification:There is no experimental comparison of the algorithmwith previously known work, so it is impossible to judge whether the algorithm is an improvement on previous work.10、严谨度问题：MNQ is easier than the primitive PNQS, how to prove that.11、格式（重视水平）：◆ In addition, the list of references is not in our style. It is close but not completely correct. I have attached a pdf file with "Instructions for Authors" which shows examples.◆ Before submitting a revision be sure that your material is properly prepared and formatted. If you are unsure, please consult the formatting nstructions to authors that are given under the "Instructions and Forms" button in he upper right-hand corner of the screen.12、语言问题（呈现最多的问题）：有关语言的审稿人意见：◆ It is noted that your manuscript needs careful editing by someone with expertise in technical English editing paying particular attention to English grammar, spelling, and sentence structure so that the goals and results ofthe study are clear to the reader.◆ The authors must have their work reviewed by a proper translation/reviewing service before submission; only then can a proper review be performed. Most sentences contain grammatical and/or spelling mistakes or are not complete sentences.◆ As presented, the writing is not acceptable for the journal. There are problems with sentence structure, verb tense, and clause construction.◆ The English of your manuscript must be improved before resubmission. We strongly suggest that you obtain assistance from a colleague who is well-versed in English or whose native language is English.◆ Please have someone competent in the English language and the subject matter of your paper go over the paper and correct it. ?◆ the quality of English needs improving.来自编纂的鼓励：Encouragement from reviewers:◆ I would be very glad to re-review the paper in greaterdepth once it has been edited because the subject is interesting.◆ There is continued interest in your manuscript titled "……" which you submitted to the Journal of Biomedical Materials Research: Part B - Applied Biomaterials.◆ The Submission has been greatly improved and is worthy of publication.老外写的英文综述文章的审稿意见Ms. Ref. No.: ******Title: ******Materials Science and EngineeringDear Dr. ******,Reviewers have now commented on your paper. You will see that they are advising that you revise your manuscript. If you are prepared to undertake the work required, I would be pleased to reconsider my decision.For your guidance, reviewers' comments are appended below.Reviewer #1: This work proposes an extensive review onmicromulsion-based methods for the synthesis of Ag nanoparticles. As such, the matter is of interest, however the paper suffers for two serious limits:1) the overall quality of the English language is rather poor;2) some Figures must be selected from previous literature to discuss also the synthesis of anisotropically shaped Ag nanoparticles (there are several examples published), which has been largely overlooked throughout the paper. ;Once the above concerns are fully addressed, the manuscript could be accepted for publication in this journal这是一篇全过程我均比力了解的投稿,稿件的内容我认为是相当不错的,中文版投稿于业内有较高影响的某核心期刊,并很快获得发表.其时我作为审稿人之一,除提出一些修改建议外,还特建议了5篇应增加的参考文献,该文正式发表时共计有参考文献25篇.作者或许看到审稿意见还不错,因此决意检验考试向美国某学会主办的一份英文刊投稿.几经修改和弥补后,请一位英文“功底"较好的中国人翻译,投稿后约3周,便返回了三份审稿意见.从英文刊的反馈意见看,这篇稿件中最严重的问题是文献综述和引用不够,其次是语言表达方面的欠缺,另外是论证过程和结果展示形式方面的缺乏.感想：一篇好的论文,从内容到形式都需要精雕细琢.附1：中译审稿意见审稿意见—1(1) 英文表达太差,尽管意思年夜致能表达清楚,但文法毛病太多.(2) 文献综述较差,观点或论断应有文献支持.(3) 论文读起来像是XXX的广告,不知道作者与XXX是否没有关联.(4) 该模式的立异性其实不是如作者所述,目前有许多XX采用此模式（如美国地球物理学会）,作者应详加调查并分析XXX运作模式的立异点.(5) 该模式也不是作者所说的那样胜利……(审稿人结合论文中的数据具体分析)审稿意见—2(1) 缺少直接相关的文献引用(如…).(2) 写作质量达不到美国学术期刊的标准.审稿意见—3(1) 作者应着重指出指出自己的贡献.(2) 缺少支持作者发现的方法学分析.(3) 需要采纳表格和图件形式展示(数据)资料.Our JPCA paper were peer reviewed by two reviewers, and their comments are as follows:The Comments by the First ReviewerEditor: Michael A. DuncanReviewer: 68Manuscript Number: jp067440iManuscript Title: Restricted Geometry Optimization, a Different Way to Estimate Stabilization Energies for Aromatic Molecules of Various TypesCorresponding Author: YuRecommendation: The paper is probably publishable, but should be reviewed again in revised form before it is accepted.Additional Comments: In the present work the authors introduce a new energy-based aromaticity measure. Referred as restricted geometry optimization, the extra stabilization energy (ESE) is calculated by means of an energy scheme in which the different double bonds are localized. This methodology is applied to different sets of aromatic systems, and the results are compared to previous already existing schemes. This procedure seems to work better than previous ones, however it must be underlined that with a much greater complexity. It avoids having to choose a reference structure, and it is worthnoticing that benzene appears to be the most aromatic system. Thus the method presented might mean a new contribution to the different aromacity criteria, however before acceptance for publication I would recommend important changes to be taken into account in the manuscript.The new method used is not presented in a comprehensible way. In the second paragraph of the Introduction the authors should already describe it, and not first presenting the results for benzene and notgoing into the method till the second section. The formulas used must be described precisely as well. So I would recommend that before acceptance the manuscript should be rewritten in order to make it more comprehensible not only to physical chemists but also to the experimental chemical community, and at the same time to improve the English used.Other minor points are:- First line of Introduction: aromaticity is one of the most important concepts in organic chemistry, but most of organic compounds are not aromatic.- Introduction, line 4:notice that only energetic ways of evaluating aromaticity are mentioned, however geometry-based (HOMA), magnetic-based (NICS) and electronic-based (SCI, PDI) methods are also important, and this point should be pointed out.- Section 3.1, last line of first paragraph: is B3LYP chosen just because it gives similar results to HF and MP2? This should be pointed out in the manuscript.- Enlarge description in point 3.4.1 by going deeper into the data in Figure 8.Review Sent Date: 18-Dec-2006******** *********************************The Comments by the Second ReviewerEditor: Michael A. DuncanReviewer: 67Manuscript Number: jp067440iManuscript Title: Restricted Geometry Optimization, a Different Way to Estimate StabilizationEnergies for Aromatic Molecules of Various Types Corresponding Author: YuRecommendation: The paper is probably publishable, but should be reviewed again in revised form before it is accepted.Additional Comments:Comments on the manuscript "Restricted Geometry Optimization, a Different Way to Estimate Stabilization Energies for Aromatic Molecules of Various Types" by Zhong-Heng Yu, Peng BaoAuthors propose a restricted geometry optimization technique subject to pi orbital interaction constraints as a new measure of aromaticity. The approach is interesting and has certain merits. My main objection is that the manuscript is difficult to read and understand, mainly because of poor English. A substantial revision in this respect would be beneficiary.各位：新的恶战开始了.投往JASA的文章没有被拒,但被批得很凶.尽管如此,审稿人和编纂还是给了我们一个修改和再被审的机会.我们应当珍惜这个机会,不急不火.我们首先要有个修改的指导思想.年夜家先看看审稿意见吧.-----邮件原件----- Manuscript #07-04147: Editor's Comments:This is my personal addition to the automatically generated email displayed above. Your manuscript has now been read by three knowledgeable reviewers, each of whom has provided thoughtful and detailed comments on the paper. The main points of the reviews are self-explanatory and mostly consistent across the reviews. Your presentation needs to be reworked substantially, and thereviews give you many suggestions for doing so. Clearly, the introduction needs to be much more concise and focused on the main questions you propose to answer, and why these questions are important. The rationale forselecting this unusual condition must be clear. Your discussion should focuson how the questions have been answered and what they mean. The resultssection is heavily dependent on statistical analyses that did not satisfythe reviewers. The figures and tables could be improved and perhapsconsolidated. The methods could be shortened. For example, I think readers would take your word thatthesewere nonsense sentences, or perhaps you could simply cite some other workwhere they were used. In general, it is unusual to present the first resultsas late as page 17 of a manuscript.Beyond the issues of presentation, some serious questions are raised by the reviewers about the design. The most notable (but not the only problem) is that there are no conditions where young and olderlisteners can be compared at nearly the same performance level in the baseline condition, and that at least floor effects and potentially ceiling effects are likely to significantly influence the older/younger comparison. The older listeners are tested at only one signal-to-noise ratio, at which performance was extremely poor. This asymmetric design where data for three signal-to-masker ratios are available for the younger listeners but only one for the older listeners is not ideal, but perhaps the comparison could have been salvaged if you had guessed a little better in selecting the signal-to-masker ratio for the older listeners. That didn't work out and you didn't adjust to it. I'm sorry to say that in my opinion this problem is so serious that it precludes publication of t!heolder versus younger data in JASA, as I see no way of making a valid comparison with things as they are. Further, after reading the manuscript and the reviews, it seems to me that even the subjective impressioncomparison is difficult to interpret because of the different sensation levels at which the older and younger groups listened (if the target was fixed at 56 dBA).The Brungart et al. and Rakerd et al. data that you cite where the masker delay was manipulated over the 0 to 64 ms range would seem to have been a nice springboard for your study in older listeners. Would it not have been cleaner to have replicated those conditions with younger subjects in your lab, and then tested older listeners to see whether thepatterns of data were different? There, at least, the target stimulus condition itself is not varying and there are archival data out there for comparison. As the reviews point out, your conditions present brand new complications because the ITI changes the spatial impression of the target, may change the energetic masking of the target, and distorts the target temporally all at the same time. Although the temporal distortions did not impair performancesubstantially in quiet, they may well in noise. Further, the spatial impressions created by the target in quiet are likely to be very different than those when the target is at v! erylow sensation levels in masking. Please investigate the literature on the influence of sensation level and noise on the strength ofthe precedence effect, particularly the perception of "echoes" at the longer delays. Yuan Chuan Chiang did her dissertation on this and published the results in JASA in 1998, but the first observation that noise can influence the breaking apart of a lead-lag stimulus into two images dates back at least to Thurlow and Parks (1961). To be sure, the sounds that we want to listen to are often accompanied by reflections, and I am not questioning the general validity of your conditions. However, it is important that your experimental design allows you separate out the various contributions to your results.I think there are several options for you to consider: (1) If you think it is very important to publish all the data you have right now, you couldwithdraw the manuscript and attempt to publish the data in another journal.(2) You could argue that the reviewers and I are wrong about the seriousness of the floor effect with the older listeners and submit a revision that includes the same data while making a convincing case for the validity of the older/younger comparison. Although this option is open to you, I don't think this is a promising alternative. (3) You could collect more data on older listeners under more favorable conditions where performance is better. With the added data this could either be a new manuscript, or, if such data were collected and the paper rewritten in a reasonable amount of time, it could be considered a revision of the current manuscript. The revision would be sent back to the reviewers. Of course, I cannot promise in advance that amanuscript evenwith these newdata would be judged favorably by the reviewers. (4) You could drop the older/younger comparison from the manuscript and submit a much shorter version that includes only the younger data and focuses on the noise masker/speech masker distinction, perhaps analyzing your data to draw inferences about release from energetic versus informational masking from the data. Here too, it will be important to provide a clear rationale for what your specific question is about release from masking, why your conditions were chosen, and what new insights your data offer. I still worry about how spatial effects and the effects of temporal distortions are to be distinguished. (5) You could simply withdraw the manuscript and consider a more straightforward design for asking the questions you want to ask with older listeners.Thank your for submitting your manuscript to JASA. I hope the alternatives described will help guide you on how you should proceed from here. Whatever you decide to do, please consider the reviewers' comments very carefully as they have gone out of their way to provide you with suggestions on improving the presentation.Sincerely yours, Richard L. FreymanReviewer Comments: Reviewer #1 Evaluations:Reviewer #1 (Good Scientific Quality):No. See attached Reviewer #1 (Appropriate Journal): YesReviewer #1 (Satisfactory English/References): No.Reviewer #1 (Tables/Figures Adequate): No.Reviewer #1 (Concise): No.Reviewer #1 (Appropriate Title and Abstract): No, because the term "interval-target interval" in thetitle required further explanation.MS#: 07-04147 Huang et al. "Effect of changing the inter-target interval on informational masking and energetic masking of speech in young adults and older adults." This paper investigates the benefits of release from masking in younger and older listeners, as a function of inter-target interval (ITI) in two masker conditions (speech masking and noise masker). The same target speech was presented from two different locations simultaneously in two different maskers, one from each location (L or R). Results show that release from informational masking is evident in both younger and older listeners when the ITI was reduced from 64 ms to 0 ms.General comments:1. Introduction needs to be rewritten:• The general impression is that the introduction section is unnecessarily lengthy. There is too much unnecessary information, while some important terms and information are left unexplained. • The organization is poor and concepts are disjointed, jumping from place to place. For example, the authors spent 1.5 pages on reverberation and the difference between older and younger adults, than spent a full-page to talk about masking, and then came back to reverberation.• In addition, the authors did not clearly present the purpose of the study and the core of the issues under investigation. The authors mentioned that "the present study investigated whether changing theITI over the whole precedence-operation range...can induce a release of target speech from speech masking or noise masking." However, they did not explain how and why manipulating ITI can address their questions, questions that were not clearly stated anywhere inthe paper. No hypothesis was provided in the paper and no explanation was given regarding how the experimental conditions or contrast of results in different conditions can answer the questions under investigation.2. Report of results and statistical analyses needs to be accurate and precise:• Authors failed to provide results of statistical analyses in many occasions.• At the beginning of the result section for both the younger andolder groups, the authors should clearly present the number of factors included in the analysis and which one was a between-subject factor and which ones were within-subject factors. Main effects and interaction (3-way and 2-way) should also be reported clearly. • Bonferroni correction was mentioned in the post-hoc analyses; however, no pvalue was reported. • The authors should not use the term "marginally significant". It is either"significant" or "nonsignificant". I don't see p=0.084 is "marginallysignificant."• When you say percent release, do you mean percentage point difference between the 64 ms ITI and other ITI values? For example, in the statement "...the releaseamount was 31.9% under the speech-masking condition,...", do you mean "31.9 percentage points"?3. Baseline condition is questionable:• The authors failed to provide clear explanation of the results. For example, the authors finally provided the definition of release from masking (on p.19) as "...the release of speech from masking at each ITI is defined as the percent difference between the speech-identification at the ITI and the speech identification at the ITI of 64 ms (the longest ITI in this study)." • It took me a while to understand what this means, and finally came up with the interpretation (if my interpretation is correct) of the data for the authors. It seems that when ITI was at 0 ms, theperceived spatial location is between the two maskers (spatial separation). But when the ITI was 32 and/or 64 ms, listeners heard two images (one from each side) and there was no spatial separation between the target speech and the masker on either side. Therefore, according to the authors, the release from masking is the performance difference between the ITI conditions when listeners heard only one image in a location different from the maskers', and the ITI conditions where two images from the masker locations were heard. However, I have a problem with the baseline condition (64 ms ITI in which two images were perceived). If the listeners could not fuse the image, did they hear a delay (echo) between the two targets? If so, the poor performance in the 64 ms condition can be partially due to theconfusion/disruption induced by the echo in noise conditions inaddition to the lack of spatial separation between the target and themasker.4. Subject recruitment criteria were unclear:• The authors recruited both young and older adults in the study and claimed that both groups had "clinically normal hearing." However, reading the fine details of their hearing thresholds (< 45 dB HL between 125 and 4k Hz), it is hard to accept that the hearing thresholds are within normal limits in the older group. There is at least a mild hearing loss below 4k Hz and mild-to-moderate hearing loss above 4k Hz (see Fig. 1) in these subjects. The authors should explain the differences in the results in relation to the threshold differences between the two groups.• The threshold data provided in Fig. 1 is average data. It is necessary to provide individual threshold data (at least for the older group) in a table format.5. Language problem:• I understand that English is not the authors' native language. It is recommended that the authors seek assistance in proof-reading the manuscript before submission.6. Tables and Figures:• Table 1 and 2 are not necessary since the information is presented in Fig. 7 • The authors should provide legends in the figures.• The authors should provide error bars in thegraphs in Fig 1. • It is hard to see the short ITI data in Fig. 2 • The authors should consider changing the scale on the y-axis in Fig. 4 to provide better visualization of the data. • Fig. 6 should be deleted. Results could be clearly described in the text.Specific comments (this is by no means a complete list):p.3 first par: The quote from Knudsen (1929) is not necessary.p.4 first & second par. The authors provided an exhaustive list of references in various place. I recommend they only cite the ones that are most relevant and representative. p.4 last sentence. "A listener subject to informational masking a target speech feels it difficult to segregate audible components of the targetspeech from those of masking speech." This sentence is incomprehensible,please rewrite. p.5 first line, first par. "Masking (particularly information masking) of target speech can be reduced if the listener can use certain cues (perceived spatial location, acoustical features, lexical information, etc) to facilitate his/her selective attention to the target speech." References are needed for each cue listed in this sentence. p.5 line 5. "Age-related deficits...inhibition of goal-irrelevantinformation..., therefore may cause more speech-recognition difficulties" This sentence is coming out of the blue without further explanation.p. 8-10. Please explain the terms "inter-loudspeaker interval","inter-masker interval", "inter-target interval" before using them.p.11 line 11 "Moreover, if the recognition of target speech under either the speech masking condition or noise masking condition is significantlyinfluenced by the ITI in younger adults, the present study further investigated whether there is an age-related deficit in the releasing effect of changing the ITI." This sentence is incomprehensible. p.11 line 2 "The 36 young university students all had normal and balanced...." Change "balance" to "symmetrical." p. 12 line 8 "Direct English translations of the sentences are similar but not identical to the English nonsense sentences that were developed by Helfer (1997) and also used in studies by Freyman et al. (1999, 2001, 2004) and Li et al. (2004)." I thought the sentences were created by the authors. So, are they a direct translation from the English version or created by theauthors?p.13 last par "For the two-source target presentation,...." This came out of the blue. The experimental conditions should be described clearly in a separate section. Schematic representation of the conditions could be included.p.15 line 8 "During a session, the target-speech sounds were presented at a level such that each loudspeaker, playing alone, would produce a sound pressure of 56 dBA." Is this the rms level of speech? The level at 56 dBA seems a little low to me. It may sound very soft for the older listeners given that they have mild to moderate hearing loss. Can you explain why you chose such a low presentation level? p.15 last line "There were 36 ((17+1)x2) testing condition for younger participants, and there were 32 ((15+1)x2) testingconditions for older participants." The number of conditions for each group is not apparent to me. Could you explain further in the manuscript? p.16 line 9 "...participated in additional speech-recognition experiments under the condition without masker presentation." Where did the target speech come from? Front? Right? Or left? p.17-27. See comments on reporting results and statistical analysis under "General comments" point #2. p.23 line 12-13 "A 2 (masker type) by 15 (ITI) within-subject ANOVA confirms that the interaction between masker type and ITI was significant..." Since the interaction is significant, the authors should not simply interpret the main effects. p.29 line 9 Explain "self-masking" effect. Would the author expect a "self-masking" effect in noise?p.30 last par first line "Specifically, when the SNR was -4 dB, changing the ITI (absolute value) from 64 to 0 ms led to only a small improvement in target-speech intelligibility, and the improvement was similar between the speech masking condition and the noise masking condition." The amount of release from masking in the speech masker condition at -4 dB SNR may be limited by the ceiling effect. p.31 line 5 "In older participants, the reduction of the ITI also improved speech recognition under both the speech masking condition and the noise masking condition..." It is hard to tell if there is a significant difference among the ITI conditions with the noise masker due to the floor effect. p.31 line 7 from bottom. "The results suggest a faster decay of temporal storage of the fine details of speech sound in olderadults than in younger adults. Thus at long it is (16 ms or 32 ms), cues induced by the integration of leading and lagging target signals were weaker and/or not be well used in older participants." First, the author should take into account the hearing loss in the older group. Second, this conclusion seems somewhatcontradictory to what the authors reported regarding the perceived image(s) of the target signal under various ITI conditions. All except for one younger subject perceived two separate images at 32 ms ITI, but most of the older subjects still perceived the target as one image. p.32 2nd par. The discussion on the effect of inter-sound delay on ear channel acoustics came out of nowhere.Reviewer #2 Evaluations:Reviewer #2 (Good Scientific Quality): Generally yes - see general remarks below. Reviewer #2 (Appropriate Journal): YesReviewer #2 (Satisfactory English/References):Clarity and conciseness could be improved - see general remarks.The referencing is occasionally excessive, e.g. the 17 references provided to back up the existence of informational masking on page 4, lines 13-17, or p28 lines 15-16. Some choice examples would generally suffice instead of。

a systematic review and meta—analysis -回复

a systematic review and meta—analysis -回复“[A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis]”：探究方法的主题思路，下面将按照步骤一步一步回答。

步骤1：什么是系统综述和Meta分析？系统综述是一种系统性的研究方法，通过整合和分析多篇相关研究的结果，来回答特定的研究问题。

Meta分析是系统综述的一项重要工具，它通过统计方法对研究结果进行合并和分析，以获得更稳定和可靠的结果。

步骤2：为什么进行系统综述和Meta分析？进行系统综述和Meta分析的目的是为了更全面地了解和总结已有研究的结论，并提供更具有权威性和可靠性的证据，以指导决策、实践和未来研究。

步骤3：进行系统综述和Meta分析的步骤：- 确定研究问题：明确需要回答的研究问题，例如“某特定干预措施是否有效？”- 制定研究计划：明确搜索策略、纳入和排除标准，并制定数据提取和分析计划。

- 检索文献：进行系统的文献搜索，包括数据库、专科期刊和灰色文献的检索，并记录检索策略和结果。

- 筛选文献：根据预设的纳入和排除标准，对检索到的文献进行筛选，包括首次筛选和全文筛选。

- 提取数据：从纳入研究中提取关键数据，包括样本量、干预措施和结果等。

- 进行统计分析：利用统计方法对提取的数据进行合并和分析，计算效应量和置信区间，并进行异质性检验和敏感性分析。

- 解释结果：根据分析结果得出结论，并进行讨论和解释，探究可能的影响因素和研究局限。

- 发表和传播结果：将系统综述和Meta分析的结果整理成论文或报告，并按照学术规范进行发表和传播。

步骤4：优点和局限性：系统综述和Meta分析能够整合和分析大量研究的结果，提供较为稳定和可靠的证据，具有如下优点：- 提高研究结论的可靠性和抽象性。

- 可发现小样本研究中的潜在效应。

- 提供更具有代表性的样本。

- 可检测研究结果的一致性和异质性。

- 为决策和实践提供指导。

219525906_纤维素纳米化处理技术研究现状

白辰雨，王天卉，户昕娜，等. 纤维素纳米化处理技术研究现状[J]. 食品工业科技，2023，44（14）：465−473. doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022090298BAI Chenyu, WANG Tianhui, HU Xinna, et al. Research Progress on Preparation of Nanocellulose[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2023, 44(14): 465−473. (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022090298· 专题综述 ·纤维素纳米化处理技术研究现状白辰雨1,2,3，王天卉1,2,3，户昕娜1,2,3，卢舒瑜1,2,3，马　涛1,2,3, *，宋　弋1,2,3（1.中国农业大学食品科学与营养工程学院，北京 100083；2.国家果蔬加工工程技术研究中心，北京 100083；3.农业农村部果蔬加工重点实验室，北京 100083）摘　要：纳米纤维素因具有可再生、易改性以及优异的机械性能，在众多领域具有广阔的应用前景。

植物来源的纳米纤维素主要包括纤维素纳米晶体和纤维素纳米纤维，本文主要介绍了以农副产品为原料的纤维素纳米化处理技术及其分类，包括制备纤维素纳米晶体的经典无机酸水解法以及有机酸水解法、低共熔溶剂法和离子液体法等新型制备方法。

此外，还介绍了制备纤维素纳米纤维常用的预处理手段和制备方法，预处理方法包括以2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-1-氧自由基氧化为代表的氧化法预处理以及酶法预处理；制备方法包括高压均质、精细研磨、高强度超声和高压微射流等技术。

最后，对现行纤维素纳米化处理技术中存在的问题进行综合分析，并探讨了其未来研究需求，以期为纳米纤维素的绿色高效生产提供理论参考。

AdvancesinNaturalandAppliedSciencesAutomatic...

Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences, 9(6) Special 2015, Pages: 627-632AENSI JournalsAdvances in Natural and Applied SciencesISSN:1995-0772 EISSN: 1998-1090Journal home page: /ANASCorresponding Author: Manju, A., Professor, Department of EEE, SKP Engineering CollegeE-mail:***********************Automatic Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy Based on Color Segmentation1Manju, A. and 2Kamalapriya, D.1Professor, Department of EEE, SKP Engineering College2M.E Student, Department of EEE, SKP Engineering CollegeA R T I C L E I N F O AB S T R AC TArticle history:Received 12 October 2014Received in revised form 26 December2014Accepted 1 January 2015Available online 25 February 2015Keywords:Diabetic retinopathy, aneurism,haemorrhage, Exudates, Fundusimage.Diabetic retinopathy (DR), the most common eye disease and a leading cause ofblindness in adults often has no early warning signs. The early detection and diagnosisof DR is vital to save the vision. Micro aneurysms (MA), hemorrhages, and exudatesappearing on the surface of the retina are the signs of DR, with specific characteristicsuch as color and shape. MA will be small and red in color, Exudates is irregular inshape and yellow in color. The objective of this paper is automatic detection of DRusing SVM, based on color segmentation. Detection is performed by segmenting theimage based on color followed by classifying the extracted features using SVM. Aboveapproach was found effective in detecting DR.© 2015 AENSI Publisher All rights reserved. To Cite This Article: Manju, A. and Kamalapriya, D., Automatic Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy Based on Color Segmentation. Adv. in Nat. Appl. Sci., 9(6): 627-632, 2015INTRODUCTIONDiabetes mellitus is becoming a global epidemic. The report given by IDF Atlas Fifth Edition is that there were about 8.3 percent people living with diabetes in 2011, which may increase by 54 percent by the year 2030. Diabetes increases the risk of eye diseases, but the main cause of blindness associated with diabetes is diabetic retinopathy (DR).DR is on the priority list of eye conditions which can be partly prevented and treated. DR is characterized by multiple lesions seen on the retinal surface of patient‟s eye having diabetes for a prolonged time. It is due to the damage caused to the small blood vessels located in retina. Associated vision loss can be due to the following causes:∙Macula, a small region and a part of the retina which helps to identify colors and fine details gets swelled because of the leakage of blood fluids leading to blurred vision.∙New blood vessels are formed due to the block in blood vessels. These delicate, abnormal blood vessels can outflow blood into the back of the eye and blocks the light to reach the vision spot.Diabetic retinopathy is classified into two types:Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) is the early state of the disease in which symptoms will be minor or imaginary. The symptoms of NPDR are: (1) Micro aneurysms MA- weakened blood vessels leading to small blow-out swellings at their walls (2)Exudates -Blood fluids like protein, lipids leaks into the macula from damaged blood vessels (3) Hemorrhages -Blood leak from ruptured blood vessels.Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is the progressive stage of the disease. At this stage, oxygen supply to the other parts of the eye is very poor due to the damaged blood vessels leading to the formation of new delicate blood vessels. These delicate vessels may get ruptured easily and leaks blood into the vitreous humor, resulting in the loss of visual perception. The blood which oozes into the macula will be formed as a tissue called scar, which blocks the light entering into the eye to reach vision spot. PDR besides complicating visual perception also leads to other complications like Retina detaching because of the scar tissue formation and development of intra ocular pressure. If left untreated, the patient will get affected by vision loss and even blindness.Many methods were proposed to detect DR. Anam Tariq, proposed an automated system for detection of NPDR stages using coloured retinal images. Background region and noisy pixels were removed for better detection of DR. Candidate detection is carried out by Gabor filter bank to enhance the dark regions. Sopharak et al (2013), proposed a real-time and simple hybrid approach to detect MA. He used non dilated retinal imageas an input image. A set of optimally altered mathematical morphology is used for the detection of candidate Mas and naive Bayes classifier is used for classification. Anderson Rocha (2012), detected the bright and dark lesions by introducing the visual word dictionary approach, which applies points of interests and visual lesion dictionary. Carla Agurto (2012), presented an automatic system to detect the lesions which appears on the macula. The texture features were extracted by AM-FM features from different frequency scales and PLS is used for classification. Cemal Kose et al(2012), proposed an inverse automatic approach for diagnosis. The texture of the lesions will vary from normal eye since it is the degeneration of the retinal regions, segmentation is based on the calculation of the mean and other features and is done by naive Bayes method. Mookiah et al (2013), proposed an advanced system for DR detection. He has used three classifiers and the results were optimised by genetic algorithm to get better results.2. Proposed Work:This section includes the brief explanation of the different stages of the automatic diagnosis of DR and the flow of the work is given in fig 2.1Fig. 2.1:2.1 Data Acquisition:The input image is a fundus image of the retina which is acquired from the standard database DIARETDB0 and DIARETDB1. The problems and issues related to the database are discussed from medical, image processing, and security perspectives. An evaluation methodology is proposed and a prototype image database with the ground truth is described in the above database. The database is made publicly available for benchmarking diagnosis algorithms.2.2 Preprocessing:Preprocessing is the process of the correction of the image and the elimination of the unwanted noise introduced during the capture of image. It commonly involves removing low-frequency background noise, normalizing the intensity of individual pixels of images, removing reflections and masking portions of images. Image preprocessing is the technique of enhancing data images prior to computational processing. In the proposed work, preprocessing is carried out for illumination and shading correction. The image undergoes the following steps during preprocessing:Fig. 2.2: Preprocessing.RGB image is converted to Lab color space and the luminance channel L is subjected to Wiener filtering using a 5x5 filter mask, contrast enhancement is carried out by histogram equalization technique. The processed L channel is then combined with the chrominance channels (…a‟ and …b‟) and converted back to RGB color space. Gray level shading correction is to remove the uneven illumination present within the retinal image.2.3 Color based Segmentation:Output of preprocessing is given as the input of segmentation module. In this project K-means clustering is used as segmentation algorithm. Clustering is the process of separating a group of data points into a smallnumber of clusters. Of course this is a qualitative kind of partitioning. A quantitative approach is to measure the certain features of an image with same feature. In general, we have n data points xi, i=1...n that have to be partitioned into k clusters. The goal is to assign a cluster to each data point.(a) (b)Fig. 2.3: (a) Input Retinal image (b) soft exudates.K-means is a clustering method, in which the image is clustered into the N number of clusters which needs to be specified. Consider the positions xi, i=1...k of the clusters that minimize the distance from the data points to the cluster. K-means clustering solves(1) where x is the point of the data set, is the centroid of the i-th cluster. The K-means clustering uses the square of the Euclidean distance for clustering.The algorithm is composed of the following steps:1.Specify the cluster number and based on the cluster number the centroids will be initialized randomly.2.Calculate the distance (Euclidian distance method) between the centroid and the pixel which is not clustered.3.The pixel having minimum distance will be grouped in the kth cluster.The optimal centroids will be calculated by repeating the steps 2 and 3. The iteration will be continued until it converges, that is the difference between the i th and (i-1) th iteration is very low. This gives a separation between the clusters.2.4 Feature Extraction:Feature extraction is the process of selecting the features which is used for classification purpose. The features that are used for the refinement are selected which decreases the number of features that are given to the classification process, so that the computation difficulty will be reduced.(a) (b)Fig. 2.4: (a) Original image (b) Hemorrhage.Efficiency of the system is highly depends upon the selected features which makes the feature extraction stage highly problematic. Output is the set of features called as feature vector, which represents the image. Since the input of the classifier is an object not the image, the mathematical measurement of the image is extracted so as to feed the classifier.If A is the image, and the selected features are µ(image) = (average gray-values) and n(image) = (number of pixels), then the associated feature vector will be v(A) = (µ(A), n(A)).An image is masked so that the only non-zero pixels are the gray-scale values in the object to be classified, statistical measurements of the object can help in classification.A m-file stature is written to compute those texture statistics. It outputs a vector T containing the following measurements:• T(1): average gray-scale value (which is the first moment of the texture).• T(2): average contrast (the standard deviation σ, which is the square root of the second moment).•T(3): smoothness measure (R = 1 −)• T(4): skewness (the third moment).•T(5): uniformity measure (the sum of the squared relative frequencies pi of the grayscale values; maximum when image is constant).•T(6): entropy (measures predictability, is zero when image is constant and goes up from there; sum of pi log2 pi).There are two types of features:Shape: It is the region having geometrical shapes and it extracted by capturing the boundary regions and interior regions.Texture: Features were selected based on the color and intensity of a pixel.Mean and Entropy are features extracted from the clustered output. Mean is the calculation of the average of the pixel intensities.(1)Entropy is a statistical measure of randomness that can be used to characterize the texture of the input image.(2) 2.5 Classification:Classification is the process of analyzing the various numerical properties of image features and categorizing them into various declared classes. Support Vector Machine is used for the classification purpose is a nonlinear classifier which is able to classify the features into two classes. The features were separated into classes by introducing a nonlinear plane. The main objective of SVM is to have a maximum seperability between the feature vector and the plane to avoid the misclassification. It minimizes the structural risk and able to classify the new features correctly. The boundary separation is highly optimized to maintain the accuracy.Suppose if [xi, yi ], i = 1:N are the N observation (or patterns), xi is the ith input and yi is the corresponding pattern label, for the two class pattern classification problem, c+ and c_ are the centroids of the two classes, the classifier response is given by(1)The hyper plane which is optimal in separating the data points into two classes will satisfy the condition, margin = .3. Result Analysis:In this section, the result of the stages involved in theautomatic diagnosis ofwith varying fundus input image are discussed.Starting with a brief review of each step of the processes involved in diagnosis of DR, followed by its output.3.1 Output of a normal retinal image:The output of various stages of the proposed work for normal retinal image is shown in fig 3.1.(a)Input image (b) Preprocessedimage(c) SegmentedoutputFig. 3.1: Output of a normal Retinal Image.3.2 Output of retinal images affected by DR:The retinal fundus image of a patient affected by DR is given as input to the work with exudate as symptoms. The output images were given in fig 3.2.4. Conclusion and Future Scope:Diabetes retinopathy and glaucoma are the leading cause of blindness in the world. This project can be utilized to detect whether the patient‟s retinal fundus image is affected by DR or not effectively. The input image is preprocessed for illumination correction and contrast enhancement, and then preprocessed input is segmented using color based segmentation (K- means algorithm). Features like mean and entropy were extracted from the clustered images and given as input to the classifier. SVM algorithm is used for classification, which tries to maximize the seperability between the two classes which are class 1 diseased and class 2 no disease.The future scope of this work is to improvise the segmentation process and to classify the disease based ondifferent stages of DR.(a) Input image (b) Preprocessed image(c) Segmented outputFig. 3.2:REFERENCESAkara Sopharak, Bunyarit Uyyanonvara, Sarah Barman, 2013. “Simple hybrid method for fine micro aneurysm detection from non-dilated diabetic retinopathy retinal images” Elsevier on Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics, 37: 394-402.Anam Tariq, M. Usman Akram and M. Younus Javed, “Computer Aided Diagnostic System for Grading of Diabetic Retinopathy” 2013 Fourth International Workshop on Co mputational Intelligence in Medical Imaging (CIMI).Anderson Rocha, Tiago Carvalho, Herbert F. Jelinek, Siome Goldenstein and Jacques Wainer, 2012. “Points of Interest and Visual Dictionaries for Automatic Retinal Lesion Detection” IEEE transactions on biomedical engineering, 59(8).Carla Agurto, Honggang Yu, Victor Murray, Marios S. Pattichis, Simon Barriga, Peter Soliz, 2012. “Detection of Hard Exudates and Red Lesions in the Macula Using a Multi scale Approach” IEEE journal, 978-1-4673-1830-3/12.Cemal Kosea, Ugur S., Evik, Cevat Ikibas, A. Hidayet Erdol, 2012. “Simple methods for segmentation and measurement of diabetic retinopathy lesions in retinal fundus images” Elsevier journal on computer methods and programs in biomedicine, 107: 274-293.International Diabetes Federation, 2011. IDF World Atlas Fifth Edition, …The Global Burden‟, available at: /diabetesatlas/5e/the-global-burden.Mookiah, M.R.K., U. Rajendra Acharya, Roshan Joy Martis, Chua Kuang Chua, C.M. Lim, E.Y.K. Ng, Augustinus Laude, 2013. “Evolutionary algorithm based classifier parameter tuning for automatic diabetic retinopathy grading: A hybrid feature extraction approach” Elsevier journal of Knowledge-Based Systems, 39: 9-22.Rafael C. Gonzalez, Richard E. W oods “Digital image processing”。

胃癌预后相关因素的研究进展

随着对Ｄ认识的深入，Ｍ已打破了１、型２型Ｄ在治疗上Ｍ
【］ＯｅＳｈｔ治疗２型糖尿的新药和方法『．８ｌｃｍｉ．ｚＪ国外医学・１内分泌学分册，０５１（）７．２０，５３：９（收稿日期：０００ — ６２１—８０）
丸，组总有效率比较差异有统计学意义（００）治疗组疗效２尺．，５
明显优于对照组。
ｂｓｄｏｏｐｅａｏｏｍｍ【ｊｏｔｌｅｅｓ，０２８（２：ａｅｎｃｍｌｔｎＰｌｅＪ＿Ｃｎｒｌｅ２０，１１）ｘｉｙＪｏＲａ
见疾病，据目前搜集的病例，根经研究得出影响胃癌的预后相关因素主要有性别、年龄，瘤部位、小，肿大胃癌的病理分期．淋巴结转移，关基因及其表达产物。因此，相胃癌作为一种全身性疾病，纯的局部手术治疗尚不能取得满意的临床效果，单必须
■ 围囤
桑叶多糖，是一种有效的ｄ葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂，桑叶的甲醇提取物和水提物对四氧嘧啶高血糖小鼠表现出明显的降血糖作用，能阻止从饮食中摄人的淀粉和葡萄糖的高血糖反应。认为其作用机制可能是抑制了ｄ葡萄糖苷酶的催化反应。３２中药复方制剂在临床应用上的降糖效果．范氏等以
老年消化道出血及Ｈ感染，及早进行胃镜检查有助于早期胃ｐ
癌的诊断，但综合考虑其他病理学因素后，年龄和性别对预后

遥感与地理信息系统方面的好的期刊

遥感与地理信息系统方面的好杂志国内的期刊：1）遥感学报（98年前《环境遥感》杂志，国内比较好的遥感专业杂志，主编是原遥感所所长、现国家科技部部长徐冠华院士，遥感文章比较多，象国内比较牛的遥感理论研究的大牛复旦大学的金亚秋教授和北京师范大学的新当选的院士李小文教授经常有文章发表；基于遥感和GIS资源环境等应用的文章也比较好，主要是中科院地理所和遥感所的；还有就是图像处理的算法研究或新型的遥感方法如雷达干涉测量、高光谱方面的研究，主要由武汉大学测绘遥感信息工程国家重点实验室(L)和中科院遥感所的文章。

（2）测绘学报（侧重测量基础理论的研究，但经常有非常好的综述型的文章，上面的测绘学博士论文摘要是非常好，还有主编陈俊勇院士治学非常严谨，一般的假冒伪劣文章很难找到市场，该刊宁缺勿滥,2001年仍然是季刊,文章少,但很精。

不过该刊刊登的文章比较偏重大地测量（GPS），GIS的文章相比比较少）。

（3）武测学报（2001年改名《武汉大学学报》信息科学版）本杂志是原武汉测绘科技大学学报，主编是中国科学院和中国工程院双院士李德仁教授,很多具有创新性和理论性的测绘研究成果都在该刊发表，展示中国测绘学术研究的最高水平,引导测绘理论研究的方向。

我认为上面的博士论文摘要比较好，真正体现了我国3S技术的研究动向和学术水准。

本刊出版内容包括综述与瞻望、学术论文和研究报告、本领域重大科技新闻等,涉及测绘学研究的主要方面,尤其是摄影测量与遥感、大地测量与地球重力场、工程测量、地图制图、地球动力学、全球定位系统(GPS)、地理信息系统(GIS)、图形图像处理等。

该刊现同时有英文版，名为GEO-SPATIAL INFORMATION SCIENCE，是中文版的精华版，万方科技期刊网上可以下载全文。

（4）中国图象图形学报1996年创刊，由中国图象图形学会、中科院遥感所、中科院计算所共同主办，主编是科技部部长徐冠华院士。

2001年起《中国图象图形学报》分A、B版。

ASA投稿要求

Table of Contents:I.General Editorial, Ethical and Legal Issues一般编辑、伦理、法律问题A.AuthorshipB.Group Authorship团体作者C.Group Collaborators合作者D.Copyright 版权E.Duplicate, Prior or Divided Publications重复的、优先的、分开的出版物F.Scientific Misconduct科学不端行为G.Human Studies: IRB Approval and Consent人体研究H.Animal Studies: Animal Care Approval动物研究：动物伦理批准I.Conflicts of Interest利益冲突pliance with NIH and Other Research Funding AgencyAccessibility Requirements符合美国国立卫生研究院和其他研究资助机构的可达性要求K.Study Design Issues实验设计1.PreClinical Trials2.Surveys调查3.Observational Studies观察性研究4.Clinical Trials临床试验II.Types of Papers论文类型A.Original Investigations原始调查B.Clinical Concepts and Commentary (CCC) Articles临床概念和评论文章C.Review Articles review文章D.Special Articles特殊文章E.Correspondence对应F.Mind to MindG.Clinical Practice Guidelines 临床指南H.Images in Anesthesiology (IiA) 图像I.Other Items其他项目III.Manuscript PreparationA.General Arrangement Information on electronic documents电子文件一般资料整理B.Title Page标题页C.Abstract (when required) 摘要D.Body Text正文E.References参考文献F.Tables表G.Appendices附录H.Figure Legends图I.Figures图1.Color Images彩图2.Preparation of Electronic Figures3.Journal Cover Figures杂志封面彩图J.Manuscripts "In Press"K.Supplemental Digital Content补充数字内容L.Additional Information附加信息1.Units of Measurement测量单位2.Abbreviations缩写3.Drug Names and Equipment药品名称和设备4.Data Reporting and Statistics数据报告和统计5.Patient Identification患者识别M.Permissions权限nguage Editing Services语言编辑服务IV.Submission of Electronic Documents提交电子文件A.File Formats, Text文件格式，B.File Formats, Fonts文本文件格式，字体C.File Formats, Graphics and Images图像和图形D.File Sizes文件大小I.General Editorial, Legal and Ethical IssuesA.AuthorshipEach manuscript must have one "Corresponding Author." Anesthesiology follows the ICMJERecommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing and Publication of Scholarly Work inMedical Journals to define the criteria required for authorship. All authors must have participated in the design, execution, and/or analysis of the work presented, and attest to the accuracy andvalidity of the contents. All persons or organizations involved in the work must be listed asauthors or acknowledged. Manuscripts are received with the understanding that they have beenwritten by the authors; ghostwritten papers are unacceptable. See Cullen D: Ghostwriting inscientific anesthesia journals. Anesthesiology 1997; 87: 195-6..每个手稿都必须有相应的作者。

氟盐作氟化剂制备LiFSI的研究

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性别对心脏重构的影响

ｂｘ表达远远高于女性。这可能是男性ＭＩ心衰ａ后
的病程进展更为迅速，女性的病程发展则相对良而
性的潜在分子机制。Ｐｔｅａｔｎ等＿】讨１１雌二醇探７一７
基因分泌的影响。发现血管紧张素１Ａｎ１）Ｉ（ｇＩ显著增加心脏成纤维细胞增殖反应，分化为肌成纤并
维细胞。１ｐ雌二醇能减轻上述反应。预先以１８７一７一
组织有差异性优势表达。Ｅｓ是配体激活的转Ｒ
（ＭＭＰ２表达，致心肌纤维化。该现象可被依普利）导
基因组效应，括细胞内信号级联反应，：白激包如蛋酶Ｃ和细胞外信号调节激酶的激活；调节生长因子信号，：岛素样生长因子（ＧＦ一、皮生长因如胰Ｉ）１上子或者ＴＧＦ。绝经后妇女，基因组性Ｅａ信号非Ｒ
产生的心脏重构反应存在重要差别。这些差别与性激素（：激素）关系密不可分，如雌的
雌激素和睾酮对心脏重构的分子效应迄今尚未充分阐明，能与肾素一管紧张素系统、可血
心肌细胞凋亡、激素受体介导的炎症免疫反应的调控等有关。该文就性激素对心脏重雌
死（）ＭＩ动物模型中发现，雄性小鼠与雌性相比，脏心
的愈合延迟，梗死区扩展明显，心脏破裂的发生率更

牡蛎酶解工艺参数优化及其产物分析与评价

牡蛎酶解工艺参数优化及其产物分析与评价刘海梅，陈静，安孝宇，赵芹，郭青君，车欣欣，崔云（鲁东大学食品工程学院，山东烟台 264025）摘要：采用Protemax 复合蛋白酶水解牡蛎肉，以水解度为指标，优化酶解时间、加酶量和酶解温度等酶解工艺参数，通过氮溶解指数（nitrogen solubility index ，NSI ）、三氯乙酸（trichloroacetic acid ，TCA ）-NSI 、氨基酸评分、化学评分、必需氨基酸指数评价酶解产物的溶解性能及营养品质。

最优酶解工艺参数为加酶量30 AU /kg 、酶解温度55 ℃、酶解时间4 h ，水解度达到27.28%。

酶解液中18 种氨基酸种类齐全，鲜味氨基酸含量丰富，Glu 含量最高，必需氨基酸含量占总氨基酸含量的39.5%，必需氨基酸含量丰富，营养价值高。

pH 值为4.0～7.0时，酶解液的NSI 达到83%以上，且TCA-NSI 高达88.64%，酶解液具有高溶解性能。

关键词：牡蛎；Protemax 复合蛋白酶；水解度；氮溶解指数；营养评价Optimization of Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Oysters and Amino Acid Composition and Nutritional Quality of Oyster HydrolysatesLIU Haimei, CHEN Jing, AN Xiaoyu, ZHAO Qin, GUO Qingjun, CHE Xinxin, CUI Yun(School of Food Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China)Abstract: The enzymatic hydrolysis of oysters with Protamex was optimized using one-factor-at-a-time and orthogonal array design methods. The independent variables were hydrolysis time, enzyme dosage and temperature, and the response was degree of hydrolysis. The solubility characteristics of oyster hydrolysates were evaluated by nitrogen solubility index (NSI), trichloroacetic acid-nitrogen solubility index (TCA-NSI), and the amino acid score (AAS), chemical score (CS) and essential amino acid index (EAAI) were measured for nutritional quality evaluation. The optimal hydrolysis parameters were determined as follows: enzyme dosage, 30 AU /kg; temperature, 55 ℃; and time, 4 h, yielding a degree of hydrolysis of up to 27.28%. The obtained hydrolysate contained 18 amino acids, being high in umami amino acids, with Glu being the most abundant and essential amino acids accounting for 39.5% of the total amino acids, suggesting high nutritional value. At pH 4.0–7.0, the NSI of the hydrolsate was over 83%, and TCA-NSI was as high as 88.64% indicating good solubility.Key words: oyster; Protamex; degree of hydrolysis; nitrogen solubility index; nutritional evaluation DOI:10.7506/spkx1002-6630-201714037中图分类号：TS254.4 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1002-6630（2017）14-0240-05引文格式：刘海梅, 陈静, 安孝宇, 等. 牡蛎酶解工艺参数优化及其产物分析与评价[J]. 食品科学, 2017, 38(14): 240-244. DOI:10.7506/spkx1002-6630-201714037. LIU Haimei, CHEN Jing, AN Xiaoyu, et al. Optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis of oysters and amino acid composition and nutritional quality of oyster hydrolysates[J]. Food Science, 2017, 38(14): 240-244. (in Chinese with English abstract) DOI:10.7506/spkx1002-6630-201714037. 收稿日期：2016-10-14基金项目：山东省自然科学基金项目（ZR2015PC002）；山东省科技发展计划项目（2012YD07013）作者简介：刘海梅（1979—），女，教授，博士，研究方向为水产品加工与综合利用。

thernostics under review

thernostics under reviewTitle: Understanding and Analyzing the Role of TheragnosticsIntroduction:Theragnostics, an emerging field in medicine, combines therapeutics and diagnostics to provide personalized treatment options for patients. It revolutionizes the healthcare industry by tailoring treatment plans for individuals based on their unique genetic makeup, disease characteristics, and response to treatment. This article aims to explore the concept, development, challenges, and potential applications of theragnostics.I. Defining Theragnostics:Theragnostics, often referred to as theranostics, is a fusion of therapeutics and diagnostics. It encompasses the integration of diagnostic tools, such as medical imaging and biomarker analysis, with targeted therapy interventions. By integrating diagnosis and therapy, theragnostics ensures a more precise and individualized approach to healthcare.II. Evolution of Theragnostics:The concept of theragnostics can be traced back to the late 1990swhen researchers recognized the need for personalized medicine. Advances in genomics, proteomics, and imaging techniques laid the groundwork for the development of theragnostics. It was a paradigm shift from the traditional one-size-fits-all approach to a patient-centric model.III. Key Diagnostic Modalities in Theragnostics:a. Medical Imaging: Various imaging techniques, including positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are used to visualize and diagnose diseases. Imaging agents tagged with radioisotopes or paramagnetic substances enable accurate detection and localization of targets for subsequent therapy.b. Biomarkers: These are molecular indicators that provide specific information about a disease or its response to treatment. Biomarkers play a vital role in tailoring therapies for patients.IV. Therapeutic Approaches in Theragnostics:a. Targeted Drug Delivery: Theragnostics helps in delivering drugs directly to tumor sites, minimizing side effects. This is achieved through nanoparticles, liposomes, or antibody-drug conjugates, which are designed to specifically recognize and delivertherapeutics to diseased tissues.b. Radiopharmaceutical Therapy: Radioactive isotopes are attached to specific molecules, which selectively target cancer cells. Once targeted, the radioactive isotopes emit radiation, killing or damaging cancer cells while sparing healthy tissues.V. Challenges in Theragnostics:a. Regulatory Approval: Developing and validating tests, imaging agents, and therapeutic compounds is a complex process that requires regulatory approval. Ensuring accuracy, safety, and efficacy of theragnostics is essential for widespread adoption.b. Cost and Affordability: Theragnostics, being a relatively new and advanced field, can be expensive. Widespread adoption may be hindered due to high costs, especially in resource-constrained settings.c. Technology Integration: Integration of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches requires coordination between different disciplines, including radiology, pathology, and pharmaceuticals. Coordinated efforts are essential for seamless implementation and realization of its potential.VI. Potential Applications:a. Cancer Treatment: Theragnostics plays a crucial role in identifying tumor markers, determining response to treatment, and providing targeted therapy options. It aids in monitoring treatment response and adjusting therapies accordingly.b. Neurological Disorders: Theragnostics has the potential to help in early diagnosis and monitoring the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. It enables targeted drug delivery to specific brain regions, minimizing off-target effects.c. Cardiovascular Diseases: By identifying high-risk patients, tracking disease progression, and providing personalized treatment plans, theragnostics can significantly impact cardiovascular healthcare.Conclusion:Theragnostics represents an innovative approach revolutionizing personalized medicine. By integrating diagnostics with targeted therapeutics, theragnostics provides valuable opportunities for accurate disease diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Further research, technological advancements, and widespread adoption are necessary for maximizing its potential and improving patient outcomes.。

nature reviews bioengineering issn -回复

nature reviews bioengineering issn -回复the questions:1. What is the ISSN of Nature Reviews Bioengineering?2. What does ISSN stand for?3. Why is ISSN important for academic journals?4. How is the ISSN assigned to a journal?5. What is the purpose of the ISSN in journal indexing and identification?6. How do researchers and readers benefit from the ISSN of a journal like Nature Reviews Bioengineering?7. What are some other notable bioengineering journals?8. How can researchers leverage the ISSN to enhance their publications and academic impact?Title: The Importance of ISSN for Academic Journals: Nature Reviews Bioengineering as a Case StudyIntroduction:In the world of academia, research communication plays a critical role in disseminating new knowledge and advancing scientific understanding. Academic journals play a vital role in this processby publishing and distributing scholarly articles. However, with thousands of journals available, proper identification and indexing of these publications are crucial for researchers and readers alike. This article focuses on the International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) and its significance for academic journals, using Nature Reviews Bioengineering as a case study.1. What is the ISSN of Nature Reviews Bioengineering?The ISSN of Nature Reviews Bioengineering is 2057-150X, and it serves as a unique identifier for this highly regarded journal.2. What does ISSN stand for?ISSN stands for International Standard Serial Number. It is an eight-digit code used to uniquely identify a particular serial publication, including print and electronic journals.3. Why is ISSN important for academic journals?ISSN is essential for the proper identification and cataloging of academic journals. It assists in distinguishing between different publications and prevents confusion. Additionally, ISSN aids in tracking journals across various bibliographic databases and libraries.4. How is the ISSN assigned to a journal?The assignment of ISSN is generally carried out by the ISSN Network, which operates under the auspices of the International ISSN Center located in Paris, France. Publishers can apply for an ISSN through their national ISSN centers, and the assigned ISSN becomes a permanent identifier for the journal.5. What is the purpose of the ISSN regarding journal indexing and identification?The primary purpose of ISSN is to provide a unique identifier for various serial publications, including academic journals. This identifier allows for accurate and efficient cataloging, indexing, and retrieval of journal articles in electronic and print databases, libraries, and research platforms.6. How do researchers and readers benefit from the ISSN of a journal like Nature Reviews Bioengineering?The ISSN of a journal like Nature Reviews Bioengineering provides several benefits for researchers and readers. Firstly, it allows for easy and precise citation of specific articles within the journal, ensuring scholarly integrity and proper referencing. Secondly,researchers can quickly locate and access articles through catalogs, databases, or search engines by using the ISSN. Lastly, readers can confidently rely on the ISSN for comprehensive literature searches, ensuring they have access to the most relevant and reputable research in the field of bioengineering.7. What are some other notable bioengineering journals?Apart from Nature Reviews Bioengineering, there are several other notable journals in the field of bioengineering. Some of these include Biomaterials, Tissue Engineering, ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering, Nano Letters, and Science Advances.8. How can researchers leverage the ISSN to enhance their publications and academic impact?Researchers can leverage the ISSN of their own publications to enhance their academic impact in various ways. Firstly, including the ISSN on their published articles ensures proper identification and helps establish credibility. Secondly, by incorporating the ISSN in citation and referencing, researchers can improve the traceability and visibility of their work among the scientific community. Additionally, researchers can actively promote their publications by utilizing the ISSN in scholarly communication, such as on theirwebsites and in presentations and conferences, to enhance discoverability and recognition within the field.Conclusion:The ISSN serves as a vital tool for academic journals to establish their identity, aid in cataloging and indexing, and enhance the accessibility of published articles. Researchers and readers benefit from the ISSN by having a reliable and efficient means of identifying and accessing scholarly content. As shown through the case study of Nature Reviews Bioengineering, the inclusion and utilization of ISSN can significantly contribute to the overall impact and recognition of bioengineering journals in the scientific community.。

quaternary science reviews issn -回复

quaternary science reviews issn -回复题目：Quaternary Science Reviews ISSN: An Overview and its Significance in Scientific ResearchIntroduction:Quaternary Science Reviews (QSR), identified by its ISSN (International Standard Serial Number), has emerged as a prominent multidisciplinary journal in the field of Earth sciences. This article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the significance and influence of QSR ISSNs in scientific research. By addressing its history, purpose, and scope, we will delve into the step-by-step process of how QSR has contributed to advancing knowledge in quaternary science.1. Historical Context of Quaternary Science Reviews:Quaternary Science Reviews was first established in 1983 with the intention to serve as a platform for disseminating research related to the dynamic Earth system during the past 2.6 million years. With an initial quarterly publication schedule, QSR evolved over time due to growing research interests and expanded tobi-monthly issues in 1994. This shift allowed for a higher volume of articles and increased the potential for scientific collaboration and discovery.2. The Purpose and Scope of Quaternary Science Reviews:The primary objective of QSR is to publish high-quality and cutting-edge research that contributes to a deeper understanding of Earth's past climate, environmental changes, and human interactions during the Quaternary period. Researchers from various disciplines, such as geology, paleontology, archaeology, and climatology, find an avenue to share their work, foster interdisciplinary connections, and stimulate further scientific inquiry.3. The Role of ISSN:The ISSN is assigned to Quaternary Science Reviews as a unique identifier, distinguishing it from other scientific journals. It plays a significant role in streamlining the research process as it ensures efficient access to relevant articles and facilitates accurate citation practices. Researchers can easily locate and refer to specific articles published in QSR through the assigned ISSN, enabling smooth collaboration and advancing the accumulation of knowledge in quaternary science.4. Contribution to Scientific Research:Quaternary Science Reviews ISSNs have influenced and accelerated scientific research in several ways. These include:a. Knowledge Synthesis and Progress: As a multidisciplinary journal, QSR promotes the integration of diverse researchmethodologies, providing a comprehensive understanding of quaternary science. Researchers can access a wide range of studies and synthesize findings to propose new theories and models.b. Global Collaboration: QSR attracts contributions from scientists worldwide, creating a melting pot of global perspectives. The dissemination of research findings and methodologies fosters collaboration between researchers from different countries, facilitating collective efforts to address global challenges associated with climate change, natural disasters, and paleoenvironmental reconstructions.c. Impact Factor and Citations: The impact factor of QSR plays a pivotal role in evaluating the journal's prominence and the significance of published articles. High-quality research published in QSR receives greater visibility and citations, reflecting the influence and recognition bestowed on researchers who contribute to the field.d. Exploration of Quaternary Science Frontier: Thewide-ranging scope of QSR enables scholars to explore various aspects of quaternary science. By addressing topics such assea-level changes, glacial reconstructions, human evolution, and biodiversity fluctuations, this journal paves the way for innovative research, allowing researchers to push the frontiers of sciencebeyond already established boundaries.Conclusion:Quaternary Science Reviews, with its unique ISSN, has played an instrumental role in the advancement of quaternary science research. By fostering interdisciplinary collaboration, global cooperation, and knowledge synthesis, QSR has facilitated the exploration of Earth's past and provided insights into future environmental challenges. Researchers, utilizing the ISSN, continue to contribute to the journal's growing prominence, furthering our understanding of the Quaternary period and its implications for a sustainable planet.。

the international journal of accounting jcr分区 -回复

the international journal of accounting jcr分区-回复The International Journal of Accounting (JCR分区): An In-depth AnalysisIntroduction:The International Journal of Accounting (JCR分区), abbreviated as IJA, is a highly prestigious academic journal that focuses on publishing innovative research in the field of accounting. This article aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the IJA, including its JCR分区ranking, scope, editorial board, and significance in academic research. Through a step-by-step examination, we will address key questions regarding the journal's influence and contribution to the accounting discipline.Step 1: Understanding JCR分区and its significanceJCR分区is an essential ranking system developed by Clarivate Analytics for evaluating academic journals across various disciplines. It provides researchers with a comprehensive measurement of a journal's impact, popularity, and influence withina specific field. The JCR分区categorizes journals into quartiles (Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4) based on their citation metrics, primarily the journal impact factor (JIF).Step 2: Determining the JCR分区ranking of The International Journal of AccountingTo determine the JCR分区ranking of the IJA, we refer to the latest edition of the Journal Citation Reports (JCR) released by Clarivate Analytics. The IJA's ranking is subject to change annually, reflecting the journal's citation impact and standing relative to other journals in the field. The JCR分区ranking provides scholars and researchers with invaluable information to assess the quality and impact of the journal's published research.Step 3: Assessing the scope of The International Journal of AccountingThe IJA covers a broad spectrum of topics within the field of accounting, including financial accounting, managerial accounting, auditing, tax accounting, international accounting standards, corporate governance, accounting information systems, and more.The journal publishes both empirical and theoretical research, contributing to the advancement and understanding of accounting practices, principles, and theories worldwide.Step 4: Exploring the editorial board and review processThe IJA's editorial board comprises distinguished scholars and experts in the field of accounting representing various universities and research institutions. The board ensures that the journal maintains rigorous standards and selects high-quality research for publication. The review process is double-blind, ensuring both authors' and reviewers' anonymity, thereby maintaining impartiality and fairness. The review process aims to evaluate the originality, rigor, and contribution of a manuscript to the field of accounting.Step 5: Discussing the significance of The International Journal of Accounting in academic researchThe IJA's significance lies in its promotion of high-quality research and its impact on the accounting profession and academia. Firstly, the journal provides a platform for researchers to showcase theirwork, offering opportunities for innovation and collaboration. Secondly, the published articles contribute to the development of accounting practices, enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of financial reporting, auditing, and management decision-making. Thirdly, the IJA facilitates the dissemination of knowledge and understanding of accounting principles, fostering advancements in the global accounting community.Conclusion:The International Journal of Accounting (JCR分区) holds a prominent position within the field of accounting research. Through its JCR分区ranking, it provides researchers with insights into its impact, popularity, and influence in the academic community. The IJA's broad scope, rigorous review process, and high-quality publications contribute significantly to the advancement of accounting knowledge and practices. As accounting continues to evolve in the global business landscape, the IJA remains an essential resource for researchers striving to excel in their pursuit of knowledge and excellence in the field ofaccounting.。

annual review of animal biosciences

annual review of animalbiosciencesAnnual Review of Animal Biosciences is an international journal that publishes high-quality reviews on the most important and timely developments in animal bioscience research. This journal provides comprehensive overviews of current topics in all areas of animal biosciences from molecular biology to ecology and conservation. Contributions from leading scientists in the field ensure that readers are kept up to date with the latest advances in this rapidly changing area.The scope of the Annual Review of Animal Biosciences is broad, covering a range ofscientific disciplines related to animal life. These include genetics, genomics, physiology, biochemistry, nutrition, anatomy, behavior, reproduction, ecology, evolution, and conservation. The journal also publishes reviews on topics such as animal welfare, health, and production systems.Annual Reviews of Animal Biosciences is an invaluable resource for researchers, students and practitioners in animal biosciences. Each issue contains up-to-date information on new developments and offers a thorough overview of the relevant literature. It also provides the reader with insights into current trends and future directions in the field.Each issue of Annual Review of Animal Biosciences contains six or more review articles written by leading experts in the field. These reviews provide detailed coverage of topics ranging from basic scientific principles to cutting-edge applications. The authors of the reviews are chosen for their expertise in the topic being discussed and for their ability to clearly explain complex concepts.In addition to the review articles, each issue of Annual Review of Animal Biosciences includes a ‘Perspective’ section containing commentaries from specialists in the field. These commentaries offer valuable insights into current trends andcontroversies in the field, and provide an opportunity for readers to discover new ideas and alternative viewpoints.The editorial board of Annual Review of Animal Biosciences consists of distinguished scientists from around the world. The board members work closely with the editors to ensure that each issue contains the highest quality reviews.Annual Review of Animal Biosciences is published twice a year, in March and September. The journal is indexed in various databases, including PubMed and Web of Science. It is available online to subscribers, and free access is provided to all institutions in developing countries.The journal plays an important role in helping to advance the field of animal biosciences. It provides a forum for sharing knowledge and understanding, and encourages collaboration among researchers from different disciplines. By doing so, it helps to make sure that the latest discoveries and developments in animal biosciences are disseminated widely and quickly.。

scripta materialia under review -回复

scripta materialia under review -回复题目：Scripta Materialia Research Paper: An In-depth Analysis of the Review ProcessIntroduction:In the world of academic publishing, the process of reviewing a research paper is crucial. It plays a significant role in ensuring the quality and integrity of scientific literature. This article aims to provide a step-by-step analysis of the review process for the journal "Scripta Materialia" to shed light on the rigorous evaluation procedures undergone by submitted manuscripts.1. Submission:The process begins with authors submitting their research papers to the journal. Manuscripts should adhere to the journal's guidelines, including proper formatting, referencing, and ethical considerations. Upon submission, the manuscript is assigned a unique identifier and given a preliminary review to ensure it meets the journal's scope and requirements.2. Editor Assignment:Once the manuscript passes the initial screening, theEditor-in-Chief assigns an Associate Editor (AE) knowledgeable in the paper's specific field. The AE is responsible for overseeing the review process, selecting appropriate reviewers, and facilitating timely communication between all parties involved.3. Reviewer Selection:The AE identifies potential reviewers with expertise in the subject matter. These reviewers are usually researchers, professors, or experts in the specific field of study. The anonymity of the review process ensures an unbiased evaluation. Scripta Materialia aims to ensure a diverse range of reviewers to provide a comprehensive critique of the manuscript.4. Review Process:The selected reviewers receive the manuscript along with clear guidelines on evaluating the research. They critically assess the paper's scientific soundness, methodology, originality, and significance of findings, among other criteria. Reviewers provide constructive feedback and suggestions for improvement while highlighting strengths and weaknesses.5. Reviewer Recommendations:Based on the feedback received, reviewers recommend one of the following options: accept without revisions, accept with minor revisions, major revisions required, or reject. It is important to note that the majority of manuscripts require some form of revision before acceptance.6. Author Notification and Revision:The AE compiles the reviewers' comments and recommendations and communicates them to the authors. Authors are given a specific timeframe to address the feedback, revise the manuscript, and submit the revised version. Proper responses to each reviewer's comment are crucial to address concerns adequately.7. Second Review (if necessary):After the revision, the manuscript may undergo a second round of peer review by the initial reviewers or additional reviewers, depending on the extent of revisions made. This step ensures that the authors have adequately addressed the reviewers' concerns.8. Final Decision:Once the revised version is submitted, the AE evaluates the changes made by the authors. The AE then makes a final decision inconsultation with the Editor-in-Chief, considering the reviewers' recommendations. The decision can be acceptance, acceptance pending minor revisions, major revisions required, or rejection. The authors are promptly informed of the decision along with the reviewers' comments.9. Publication:If the manuscript is accepted, it undergoes a typesetting and proofreading process before publication. The final version is then published in Scripta Materialia and becomes a part of the scientific literature, contributing to the advancement of knowledge in the field.Conclusion:The review process for Scripta Materialia involves a thorough evaluation by experts in the field to ensure the publication of high-quality research. Authors should carefully consider reviewers' comments and suggestions and make appropriate revisions. By maintaining the integrity and rigor of the review process, Scripta Materialia upholds its reputation as a trusted source for scientific advancements in material science.。

外文期刊发表四作论文

外文期刊发表四作论文As a Baidu Wenku document creator, I have recently published four academic papers in foreign journals. The process of getting my work published in these journals was both challenging and rewarding, and I would like to share my experiences with you.Firstly, the topic of my research was focused on the impact of climate change on marine ecosystems. This is a topic of great relevance in today's world, and I was determined to make a meaningful contribution to the field. After conducting thorough research and analysis, I was able to produce four high-quality papers that addressed different aspects of this important issue.The first paper focused on the effects of rising sea temperatures on coral reefs. I conducted fieldwork in several marine environments and collected data that supported my findings. The paper was well-received by the journal's reviewers, and I was thrilled to see it published in a prestigious marine biology journal.The second paper delved into the impact of ocean acidification on marine life. This topic is particularly pressing, as the acidification of our oceans poses a significant threat to marine biodiversity. I was able to present compelling evidence in my paper, and it was ultimately accepted for publication in a leading environmental science journal.The third paper explored the relationship between climate change and the distribution of marine species. This involved extensive data analysis and modeling, and I was pleased to see my hard work pay off when the paper was published in a prominent marine ecology journal.Finally, the fourth paper examined the potential solutions to mitigate the effects of climate change on marine ecosystems. This paper was particularly challenging, as it required a comprehensive review of existing literature and the development of innovative strategies. However, the positive feedback I received from the journal's editors made all the hard work worthwhile.In conclusion, the process of publishing four papers in foreign journals was a significant achievement for me as a researcher. It required dedication, perseverance, and a commitment to producing high-quality work. I am proud to have made a meaningful contribution to the field of marine science, and I am excited to continue my research in this important area. Thank you for taking the time to read about my experiences.。

scholarone awaiting se decision

scholarone awaiting se decisionIt seems that you may be referring to a ScholarOne manuscript awaiting a decision. ScholarOne is a manuscript submission and peer-review management system used by many academic journals and publishers. When a manuscript is submitted to a journal using ScholarOne, it goes through a peer-review process where experts in the field evaluate the manuscript's quality and suitability for publication.If you are the author of the manuscript awaiting a decision, it is natural to feel anxious about the outcome. However, you can take this opportunity to reflect on your research and prepare for any feedback or revisions that may be requested. Here are some tips to help you navigate this waiting period:1. Stay organized: Keep a record of your submission and follow up with the journal or editor if you haven't heard anything after a reasonable amount of time.2. Stay informed: Learn about the journal's typical review timeline so you have an idea of what to expect.3. Seek feedback: From colleagues, mentors, or peers, on your manuscript to help you improve it before the reviewers' feedback arrives.4. Work on other projects: Use this time to progress on other research projects or publications, so you have a diverse portfolio of work.5. Develop a plan: Outline a plan for any revisions or improvements needed based on the feedback you receive.Remember, the review process is an essential step in ensuring the quality of your work and ultimately contributing to your field's body of knowledge. Stay patient and focused on the bigger picture, and remember that constructive feedback is a valuable opportunity for growth.。