SAT2100语法讲义
新SAT文法讲义语法知识点加巩固练习-词法考点
新SAT文法讲义第一章词法Conventions of UsageChapter 1—-Pronoun1. Number, Person& Case1.1 Number: pronoun≠ antecedentE.g. Until it can be replaced by a faster, more efficient, and more economical means of transportation, trucks will carry most of the freight within and through metropolitan areas.1.2 Person: shifts in personI/We/He/She/They--------YouOne-------------------------------YouE.g. Although (A) one likes to believe (B) that your own (C) children are beautiful, intelligent, and well behaved, what one believes is not always the case (D).1.3 Case1.3.1 句子中使用主格的情况。
1) 代词作为主语的时候She is weird.2) 代词作为表语的时候E.g. It was he who fell into the water.1.3.2 句子中使用宾格的情况。
1) 动词宾语The music carried them away.2) 介词宾语a. between you and meb. to Sherry and herc. among us womend. at use. from her and himf. with me and youE.g. 1 After engaging(A) in a spirited debate, everyone except Tom and I(B)decided(C) to watch the latest action film, even though the rest of the group had already seen(D) it.E.g. 2 Last summer, when Mary’s aunt and Uncle flew from(A) Turkey to visit their relatives and tour(B) the United States, Mary invited Sandhya and I(C) to her house to meet(D) them.补充考点：比较句中代词的格：To find the correct pronoun in a comparison that uses than or as, complete the comparison using the verb that would follow naturally.a.Jackie runs faster than she ( ).b.My brother has bigger feet than I ( ).c.Carol is as tough as he ( ).1.3 Case考点单句练习1.Judith took my sister and (I, me) to the magic show last night.2.We thought that Matilda and Jorge would be there, and sure enough, we saw (she, her ) and (he, him ) sitting in the front row.3.During the intermission, Jorge came over and asked my sister and (I, me ) to go out after the show.4.Between you and (I, me ) the magician was terrible.5.It must also have been a bad evening for (he, him ) and his assistant, Roxanne.2.Possessive Determiner:2.1 Possessive Pronoun使用规则：Possessive Pronoun+N常用代词：its/their/his/her/your/our/my+N区别：its/it’s/his/he’s/whose/who’sIt’s 表示缩写it’s=it is/it hasIts+Nhe’s=he is/ he hashis+Nwho’s=who is/who haswhose+N2.2 Ns&N’s区别e.g. Waterway’s=waterway’s+Nwaterways=名词复数,作主语，作宾语考点：易混表达（1）its & it’s & its’1）its’出现必错2）its+n的核心词为its后的名词3）it’s（it is/it has的缩写）为主谓结构E.g. 1One of the Liveliest folk music forms to develop in the twentieth century is Tejano music. Also known as Tex Mex or border music because of it’s having origins on both sides of the Texas-Mexico border, this form combines elements from Spanish, German, and English musical traditions.A) NO CHANGEB) itsC) it’sD) its’（2）who’s & whose1）whose+n的核心词为其后的名词2）who’s（who is或who has的缩写）为主谓结构E.g. 2 You have to admire the honesty of a company who’s slogan is “Just About the Best.”A) NO CHANGEB) whoseC) that’sD) that the（3）they’re & their & there1）their+n的核心词为their后的名词2）they’re（they are的缩写）为主谓结构3）there经常作为发音相似的干扰项出现E.g. 3As the dancers step the music, they are also stepping in time to a sound that embodies their unique history and suggests the influence of outside cultures on their music.A) NO CHANGEB) they’reC) it’sD) its’E.g. 4 Teachers provide in-depth language understanding, and children are rewarded for improving his or her communication skills.A) NO CHANGEB) one’sC) thereD) their3. Pronoun clarity考点1. 多指代E.g. To keep birds from eating seeds, soak them in blue food coloring. （them在此句会产生歧义，应改为seeds）考点2. 无指代E.g. Scientists have determined that the cause of white-nose syndrome is a fungus—Pseudogymnoascus destructans—that flourishes in cold, wet environments and reproduces bygenerating spores that can lodge in the floors and walls of caves as well as onwing membranes, and hairless body parts.（their 没有指代对象）考点3. this 的使用1. this指代前一句话E.g. Typically, the ice sheet begins to show evidence of thawing in late summer. This follows several weeks of higher temperatures.2. this+N使用E.g. Box is currently organizing an expedition to gather this crucial information.4. Relative Pronoun4.1 that/who/whom/which指代对象4.2 who/whom区别4.3介词＋which&when/where/why区别补充1：that/who/whom/which/whose+不完整句子补充2：THAT&WHICH的跳跃指代1. A+prep.+B+that Clausethat即可以指代A也可以指代B，但是不能指代从句或句子E.g. The labor union is negotiating a contract with the hospital that will satisfy the demands of the workers.2. WHICH的代词用法—-Which只能就近指代前面的名词或名词短语E.g.Wrong: Jim biked along an old dirt road to get to his house, which cut through the woods.Right: To get to his house, Jim biked along an old dirt road, which cut through the Woods.真题练习：1.The article goes on to suggest that the most valuable resources provided by coworking spaces are actually the people whom use them.A) NO CHANGEB) whom usesC) who usesD) who use2. Because today’s students can expect to hold multiple jobs—some of which may not even exist yet—during our lifetime, studying philosophy allows them to be flexible and adaptable.A) NO CHANGEB) one’sC) his or herD) their3. Scientists knew this but did not recognize how large a role they played in helping kelp forests to significantly decrease the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.A) NO CHANGEB) how large a role that it playedC) how large a role sea otters playedD) that they played such a large role4. It was the brainchild of former journalist Martine Postma, wanting to take a practical stand in a throwaway culture.A) NO CHANGEB) whom wantsC) who wantedD) she wanted5. Just as travelers taking road trips today may need to take a break for food at a rest area along the highway, settlers traversing the American West by train in the mid-1800s often found themselves in need of refreshment.A) NO CHANGEB) himself or herselfC) their selvesD) oneself6. These Harvey Houses, which constituted the first restaurant chain in the United States, was unique for its high standards of service and quality.A) NO CHANGEB) were unique for theirC) was unique for theirD) were unique for its7. This may not be much of a problem with certain kinds of apples that are not naturally very fragrant, such as Granny Smith, but for apples that are prized for their fruity fragrance, such as McIntosh, this can be a problem with consumers, that will reject apples lacking the expected aroma.A) NO CHANGEB) TheyC) whichD) who8. Artists associated with this began to rediscover and promote the work of the Mexican muralists, particularly Siqueiros.A) NO CHANGEB) itC) themD) this movement补充练习：1. Music seems to be universal, which exists in some form in all human cultures.A) NO CHANGEB) where it existsC) exitsD) existing2. After the end of the First World War, Fridtjof Nansen directed several of the League of Nations'humanitarian programs, which caused his winning a Nobel Peace Prize in 1922.A) NO CHANGEB) programs, he therefore wonC) programs, this is why he wonD) programs and consequently won3. One reason fish spoils faster than meat is due to the fact that the muscle fibers of fish are specialized to function best in cold environments.A) NO CHANGEB) meat is because of the fact thatC) meat, which is becauseD) meat is that4. Wolves are now classified as an endangered species in all the lower forty-eight states except Minnesota, after which the animals began migrating from Canada in the 1960s.A) NO CHANGEB) from whichC) whenD) into which5. Unlike seve ral decades ago, today’s librarians teach students to evaluate the accuracy and objectivity of online resources in addition to helping them find particular books.A)NO CHANGEB)Unlike them ofC)Unlike those ofD)Contrary to6. Public transportation in the suburbs and outlying areas is generally not as convenient and reliable as it is in the city.A) NO CHANGEB) as they areC) as thoseD) as getting around7. John and Bob had been friends since kindergarten because he was good at soccer and ready to laugh at any joke.A) NO CHANGEB) kindergarten because they were not only good soccer playersC) kindergarten because each was good at soccerD) kindergarten, being not only good soccer players8. Mayor Julia Wilson's daughter told us that she had decided not to run for reelection, even thoughthere is still much to do to improve the downtown district.A) NO CHANGEB) the decision was that her mother would not run to be reelectedC) her mother had decided not to run for reelectionD) she decided that she will not run to be reelected9. High school graduates usually do not end up earning as much income as college graduates do, this being why so many high school students go on to pursue college degrees.A) NO CHANGEB) do, this is why so many high school studentsC) do; this fact explains why so many high school studentsD) do; this fact explaining the reason for why so many high school students10. Furthermore, the board offered no evidence to back up it’s claim that such clothing created a negative educational environment.A) NO CHANGEB) they’reC) itsD) ones11. His challenge initiated a review, of students’ rights and administrative responsibility in public education.A) NO CHANGEB) review, of students’ rights,C) review of students’ rightsD) review of students’ rights,12. About halfway through the school year, I learned that the exchange program was looking for a new home for Ligia. After a severe storm, the basement of her hosts house had flooded, leaving two bedrooms unusable.A) NO CHANGEB) her hosts’C) Ligia’s hostsD) Ligias host’s13. We plan the contents of the year’s issues, page by page.A) NO CHANGEB) years issues,C) years issuesD) issue’s for the year,14. Babies first attempts at speech generate excited responses from adults who encourage and guidethe children toward more precise and complex speech.A) NO CHANGEB) Baby’sC) BabysD) Babies’15. It’s also fast, the thousands of Washingtonians who dash from home to work and back sometimes ignore the posted speed limit.A) NO CHANGEB) It’ also fast:C) Its also fast:D) Its also fast,16. The movie Dracula, featuring it’s batlike title character who feeds on human blood, is just one of many sources of people’s erroneous ideas about bats. BA) NO CHANGEB) with itsC) based on its’D) who’s17. Some people believe bats are rodents; others think bats are a kind of bird. AA) NO CHANGEB) rodents, others,C) rodents othersD) rodents and others’18. Roberto Clemente, the Pittsburgh Pirates right fielder from 1955 to 1972, was one of baseballs most gifted athletes.A) NO CHANGEB) one, of baseball’sC) one, of baseballsD) one of baseball’s19. One panel is sewn into the piece’s top border, the other into it’s bottom border. CA) NO CHANGEB) its’C) itsD) their20. Méliès, a French magician, was fascinated by the workings of the new motion picture camera. Specializing in stage illusions, he thought the camera offered potential to expand its spectacular magic productions.A) NO CHANGEB) theirC) hisD) it’sChapter 2. Agreement5. Noun Agreement考点. SN一致1) Noun Agreement in formsE.g.1Today more and more women are becoming doctors, lawyers, engineers, chemists, or other professions.A) or other professionsB) or they work in other professionsC) or at work in other professional fieldsD) or professionals in other fields2) Noun Agreement in contentsE.g.2 Those enrolled in the leadership training courses have evolved into dynamic, confident managers from an inexperienced and uncertain newcomer just a month ago.A) from an inexperienced and uncertain newcomerB) from the inexperienced and uncertain newcomers they wereC) from being inexperienced and uncertain newcomersD) instead of the inexperienced and uncertain newcomers of补充考点：SS一致：Noun Agreement in comparisonE.g.1 Commuters in the 1990s encountered more traffic delays than the 1970s and 1980s.A) thanB) than didC) than the traffic problems ofD) than commuters did in6. Subject－verb Agreement考点1：向前一致S+长串修饰语+V长串修饰语：1.介词短语2.定语从句3.插入语4.形容词短语5.分词短语6.同位语E.g.：A city in northern ChinaA city famous for its beautiful mountainsA city visited by large numbers of celebritiesA city consisting of several prosperous economic zonesA city, home of coffee beansA city, which is famous for its beautiful mountainsE.g.1 French mountain honey made (A) from linden blossoms, which are sometimes called (B) “lime blossoms,” have (C) a distinctively (D) citrus flavor.E.g.2 The regularly scheduled (A) conference between my tutor and me is (B) set for Friday, but my low grades in chemistry requires (C) me to arrange an earlier meeting.重点讲解1: 介词短语：N1+prep+N2结构prep= in/one/by/of/for/with/at/from/to/viaprep phrase=1) A as well as B2) A no less than B3) A rather than B4) A together/along with B5)A except B6) A besides BE.g.1 The loyalty of British families to specific brands of toothpaste have (A) been cited by (B) historians as evidence (C) of the growing influence (D) of advertising during the early twentieth century.*Designates a collection, or group, of individuals: audience, committee, faculty, family, jury, chorus, or government.A list of studentsA collection of toys + V (singular)A line of treesA crowd of visitorsE.g.2 A noisy, unwieldy (A) crowd of onlookers were jostling (B) and milling around (C) at the scene of the accident, impeding (D) the progress of the medical technicians.Pay Attention to“number”A number of + V (plural)The number of + V (singular)重点讲解2: 定语从句S+who/which/that/whose/whom+...+V (V)N1＋介词＋N2+who/which/that/whose/whom+...注意指代对象为N1还是N2重点讲解3: 插入语S，插，VOS—插—VO考点2. 倒装一致：(一) Complete Inversion1. Prep. (+n.) …+V. +S.On the mountain lies a temple.注意是否有逗号：At the end of the year, Ligia went home to Colombia.E.g.2 In the foothills of that large mountain range is (A) the sources of a river whose course (B) was not fully mapped (C) until (D) this century.2. P+LV.+SGone are the days when we often played in the fields together.Absent from school are Tim and David.例题：长难句阅读Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans.E.g.2 Inscribed on the wall is(A)the names of those who left (B)their(C)homes in the village to travel (D)to the United State.（二）Incomplete Inversion1. Only + adverbial +helping word + S+VOnly in this city can you see such a beautiful sunset.注意：Only the teachers are allowed to use the room.(only后跟名词不倒装)E.g.1 Air pollution caused by industrial fumes has been studied (A) for years, but (B) only recently has (C) the harmful effects of noise pollution become (D) known.2. Negative words + helping word + S+VNever could I find the picture.3. So+adj. /adv +helping word +S+VSo quickly did he run that no one could get him.4. N./adj. + as +S+VPoor as he was, he was honest.例题：长难句阅读Out of America's fascination with all things antique has grown a market for bygone styles of furniture and fixtures that is bringing back the chaise lounge, the overstuffed sofa, and the claw-footed bathtub.考点补充1. 并列主语Compound SubjectConsists of two or more subjects joined by a coordinating conjunctionand, both…and…Li Lei and Han Meimei are good friends.Seeing and listening are two ways of accepting new information.E.g.1Both her work on community service projects and her dedication to learning (A)has gained (B) Ms. Stevens the respect of (C) the entire (D) faculty.Pay Attention to “each”Each paper and exam contributes to your final grade.The research paper and the final exam each contribute 25 percent toward your final grade.考点补充2. 就近一致1) A or B2)Not A but B3)Either A or B B的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数4) A nor B5)Not only A but also B6) Neither A nor B7) There beE.g.1 Of (A) the two options, neither (B) the system of appointing judges to the bench nor the process of electing (C) judges are (D) entirely satisfactory.There is an apple and two bananas.There are two bananas and an apple.E.g.2 There is (A), in spite of the large bay window and (B) the new floors, many reasons, such as the poor location and the small basement, for (C) Nancy not to buy (D) the house.真题练习：1.On the Graduate Record Examination (GRE), for example, students intending to study philosophy in graduate school has scored higher than students in all but four other majors.A) NO CHANGEB) have scoredC) scoresD) scoring2. This trend, combined with the increasing accessibility of information via the Internet, has led some to claim that librarianship is in decline as a profession.A) NO CHANGEB) haveC) which haveD) which has3. As I walked through the exhibit, I overheard a visitors’ remark,“You know, that grandfather clock actually runs.A) NO CHANGEB) visitors remarking,C) visitor remarked,D) visitor remark4. Like any other health problems, these ailments can increase employee absenteeism, which, in turn, is costly for employers.A) NO CHANGEB) areC) is beingD) have been5. Yet some of the earliest known works of art, including paintings and drawings tens of thousands of years old found on cave walls in Spain and France, portrays animals.A) NO CHANGEB) portrayingC) portrayD) has portrayed6. According to such organizations as the US Environmental Protection Agency, the minute amountsof residue falling within such limits have no negative impact on human health.A) NO CHANGEB) is havingC) has hadD) has7. Not all research into regional English varieties requires such time, effort, and resources, however.A) NO CHANGEB) are requiringC) have requiredD) require8. Proponents of organic food, of course, are quick to add that their are numerous other reasons to buy organic food, such as, a desire to protect the environment from potentially damaging pesticides or a preference for the taste of organically grown foods.A) NO CHANGEB) there areC) there isD) their is补充练习：1. Sui Sin Far and Edith Eaton are both a name (A) used by an early twentieth-century writer whose(B) psychological realism continues to bring (C) her characters to life (D) for today’s readers.2.In the early twentieth century, telephone companies supported (A) the cause of (B) financial independence for women by providing (C) many with respectable jobs as a switchboard operator (D).3. Cino de Mayo, or May 5 , the date of a famous military victory , is celebrated with such an activity as dancing , parades, musical performances, and feasts.A)NO CHANGEB)with an activity such asC)with such activities asD)in such activities like4. Introducing(A) new ideas and replacing old ones(B) are(C) a highly controversial matter , especially when(D) there is already tension between an older and a younger generation.5. The Andes mountain chain, which includes some of the Western Hemisphere’s highest peaks, are much more formidable as barriers to transportation than the Rocky Mountains are.A) NO CHANGEB) are barrier, and much more formidableC) is a much more formidable barrierD) as barriers, are much more formidable6. A significant factor (A) to include in the budget when buying (B) a car are the costs of (C) fuel and maintenance and the insurance payments (D).7. Anne Tyler's novel The Accidental Tourist features (A) a character whose (B) obsession with saving time and money are (C) absurd, yet somehow plausible.8. Peter's seemingly effortless (A) flights, achieved through (B) the use of sophisticated technical equipment, continues (C) to delight those who see the play Peter Pan.9.Critics contend that (A) reforms in welfare has not managed (B) to bring the high percentage of our nation's children living in poverty the economic security that they need (C) to thrive.10. The record left by fossils, the ancient remains of plants and animals, provide (A) scientists with(B) their primary source of (C) information about prehistoric life.11. Available through the school’s guidance office is (A) a job directory and a list of job referral centers that provide (B) information for students in need of (C) employment.12. Mastery of (A) cardiopulmonary resuscitation techniques are (B)mandatory for (C) firefighters and police officers as wells as rescue squad volunteers.13. The professor’s insistence on high standards and rigorous examinations are(A) not, despite what students think, part of(B) a plan to withhold high grades from them(C).14. Although the exact cause of type 2 diabetes is unknown, experts say that for some people improper diet and lack of exercise contributes to the onset of the disease.A)exercise contributesB)exercise, they contributeC)exercise contributeD)exercise, contributing15. Many farmers and agronomists believe that the recent boom in crop production—fueled by the intensive use of farmland and increased dependence on herbicides and pesticides-have come with hidden costs.A)NO CHANGEB)hasC)areD)OMIT the underlined portion16.During (A) the night, there is (B) usually two German shepherds at the warehouse to guard against(C) robbery attempts.17. Although the details of the contract has (A) not yet been announced, it is likely that (B) union negotiators accepted the proposed training program for (C) newly hired workers.18. A newly formed organization of homeowners and business people have met with (A) the transportation department to voice (B) its concerns about (C) plans for a shopping mall in the community.19. Freedom of action and expression are (A) at the foundation not only of our system of government but also of our expectations concerning (B) human relations at all (C) Level s of society.20. The newly elected (A) Prime Minister, to the dismay (B) of opponents from other parties, have argued (C) for the strict regulation of campaign financing.21. Biologists working to rescue the giant condor from extinction uses radio telemetry and satellite signals to track banded birds.A) uses radio telemetry and satellite signals to trackB) using radio telemetry and satellite signals to trackC) use radio telemetry and satellite signals to trackD) to track, by use of radio telemetry and satellite signals,22. A soft lullaby and the drumroll of thunder during a summer storm are but two of the diverse sounds that can be perceived by the human ear.A) that can be perceived by the human earB) that is perceived by the human earC) in which the human ear can perceiveD) that they can perceive with the human earthe proposed health clinics and the proposed(D) opportunities.27. The credit for making Franz Kafka internationally(A) famous as a writer belong(B) to his friend,novelist Max Brod, who edited(C) Kafka’s unpublished manuscripts and then(D) had them published, despite Kafka’s dying wishes to the contrary.28.Although the details of the contract has(A) not yet been announced, it is likely that(B) union negotiators accepted the proposed(C) training program for(D) newly hired workers.29. During the night, there is(B) usually two German shepherds at the warehouse to guard against(C) robbery attempts(D).30. Although(A) naturalists have identified six hundred different forms of the corion snail, there is(B) actually no more than(C) two true species within(D) this genus.31. Inscribed on the wall is(A) the names of those who left(B) their(C) homes in the village to travel(D) to the United States.32. A newly formed organization of homeowners and business people have met with(A) the transportation department to voice(B) its concerns about(C) plans for(D) a shopping mall in the community.33. After(A) 140 years under the sea(B), the remains of the Monitor, an ironclad warship that was sunk during the Civil War, is being(C) gradually brought to(D) the surface.34. Innovative use of computers in the classroom allows students to undertake(A) projects that encourages them(B)to be both(C) analytical and intellectually adventurous(D).35. Freedom of action and expression are(A) at the foundation not only of(B) our system of government but also of our expectations concerning(C)human relations at all(D) Level s of society.36. The United States is the world’s largest producer of(A) cranberries and cranberry products, most(B) of which is consumed(C) there and in(D) Canada.37. The uncompromising(A) tone of a recent city hall ordinance concerning(B) the blocking of emergency vehicles in traffic jams carry(C) a stem warning to(D) motorists.38. At the heart of the program, enthusiastically endorsed(A) by the city's business association, is(B) plans for refurbishing neighborhoods and for making(C) low, interest mortgages available to(D) young families.39. The candidate called for medical insurance reform, but to me he seemed less interested in the plight of uninsured citizens than in(B) whether enough is(C) registered(D) to vote.40. The newly elected(A) Prime Minister, to the dismay(B) of opponents from other parties, haveargued(C) for the strict regulation of(D) campaign financing.41. The historic Woodacre building, which house(A) several university departments, was demolished to make(B)room for(C) a parking lot, dismaying alumni who had supported(D) the university for decades.42. Only by tapping(A) their last reserves of energy was(B) the team members able to salvage(C)what was beginning(D) to look like a lost cause.43. Air pollution caused by industrial fumes has been studied (A) for years, but (B) only recently has(C) the harmful effects of noise pollution become (D) known.46. Absent from(A) the speech were(B) any mention of the students and laboratory technicians upon whose(C)contributions the chemist had depended heavily(D).47. Never before had(A) a group of artists been so isolated(B) from society and from(C) official patronage as was(D)the so-called Impressionists.48. The grooved and barbed spears of the box jellyfish, each(A) trailed by(B) a poison thread, is released(C) when(D)the animal is threatened.49. Waterways close to land poses(A) challenges to navigation that differ(B)greatly from(C)those(D) posed by the openseas.Chapter3.Verb8. Tense1. Simple past(did)an action occurs in the pastTime range: recently, yesterday, ago, in+过去时间，last year；E.g. I work in a travel agency now. I worked in a shop last year.E.g.1 Dr. Chien-Shiung Wu has disproved a widely accepted theory of physics when she showed that identical nuclear particles do not always act alike.A) as disprovedB) having disprovedC) disprovedD) disprovesE.g.2 As I entered the Pantheon, a building that has existed in Rome since ancient times, my brother is turning to me to whisper that the great rotunda of the Pantheon was a haven of peace and harmony.A) is turning to me to whisperB) turned to me and whisperedC) turns and also whispers to meD) would turn and whisper to me。
SAT语法讲义-综合版
SAT 语法讲义浙江大学外语学院孙静SAT 语法部分简介语法部分属于SAT reasoning test 中的写作(writing)板块，与essay writing 分值一起组成写作板块的总分。
SAT语法之所以被划分在Writing Skills 当中，是因为它实际是考查考生对英语的标准书面语（Standard Written English）的掌握程度，并非琐碎复杂的语法知识，SAT语法规则有时和我们通常所学的语法书上的知识点有所出入，规则也不尽相同。
其考试题型和考试重点也与中国的语法题目大相径庭。
因此SAT的语法具有特殊性，它追求的是“好的语法”，是恰当的，最符合英语国家文化传统与语言习惯的用法。
SAT的语法规则，也就是像OG当中所阐述的那样，是一种“the rules of good written English”，具有准确，清晰，简洁的特点，杜绝口语化、模糊和冗余的表达。
表现在做题方面，不仅仅会考到你是否能判断这个句子正确与否，而且会考到这个句子是否有效和简洁。
这就大大提升了题目的难度。
比如说有些句子在TOEFL中是对的，但是在SAT语法里面就是错误的，因为它不够简洁有效。
整个语法部分包括三种题型：ISE(Identifying sentence errors，即挑错题)、IS(Improving sentences，即句子改进题)、IP(Improving paragraphs，即段落改进题)，所有题目均为五选一。
SAT语法部分的49个选择题分布在两个section，其中 ISE（句子挑错题）18 小题、IS（句子改进题）25 小题、IP（段落改进题）6 小题。
三种题型所考查的侧重点各不相同，从OG和真题上对各部分考试目的和内容的解析中可以得出这一点。
如在 ISE的介绍中，对考生的要求是“The ability to recognize grammar and usage errors”，强调语法和固定用法的使用是否正确；而IS对考生的要求则变成了“the ability to recognize and write clear, effective and accurate sentences”，从语法知识转移到了清晰，准确，简洁的表达方式。
SAT语法学习讲义
SAT语法学习讲义SAT语法学习讲义修辞倒装1.在以never, hardly, scarcely, rarely, barely, seldom, not only, not until, nor, little, nowhere, hardly….when, no sooner….than, by no means, under no circumstances 等开头的句子中，主谓要倒装。
这些都是表示否定或半否定意义的词或词组。
例如：Never have I come across such a difficult problem. 我还从没有遇到过这样困难的问题。
Seldom do I read such magazines. 我很少读这种杂志。
No sooner had they left than the bus arrived. 他们刚走，公共汽车就来了。
2.在以"only+状语"开头的句子中，主谓要倒装。
这里only后面必须跟有它修饰的状语或状语从句，这是关键。
否则就不倒装。
例如：Only after the war was over was man able to realize the wickedness of the atomic bomb. 只是在战争结束后人类才意识到原子弹的可恶。
(注意：only 引导的状语从句不倒装，主句倒装。
) Only then did I realize the importance of English. 只在那时我才意识到英语的重要性。
Only in this way can we improve ourselves. 只有用这种方法我们才能不断提高自己。
Only after you finish it can you leave. 只有结束它以后，你才能离开。
(主句倒装) 注意：Only 如不在句首，或only 修饰的不是状语，则不倒装。
SAT语法分类讲义+练习
SAT语法分类讲义+练习SAT语法分类之第一类：主谓一致1 Despite (A) the heavy rain, the television reporter, accompanied by her royal film crew, were willing (B) to wait (C) outside the hotel until the delegates finished their (D) meeting. No error (E). (2010-1-S7-22)B2 The bright (A) fiberglass sculptures of Luis Jimenez has received (B) critical acclaim not only (C) in his home state, New Mexico, but also in (D) New York. No error (E). (P161.1) B3 The grooved and barbed spears of the box jellyfish, each (A) trailed by (B) a poison thread, is released (C) when (D) the animal is threatened. No error (E) (P410.23)C4 In the early 20th century, new thinking about (A) symbolism and the unconscious were (B) greatly inspired by (C) the writings (D) of Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung. No error (E) (P193.18) B5 The derelict old house across from (A) the warehouses and the even more (B) decrepit one just beside (C) them have been placed (D) on the list of historic landmarks. No error (E)(P410.24)E6 The professor’s insistence on high standards are (A) not, despite wha t students think, part of (B) a plan to withhold (C) high grades from them (D). No error (E) (P839.27)A7 Flints found in (A) the region extending from the Nile Valley to (B) the highlands of eastern Iraq attests to (C) the presence of people there as long ago as (D) one hundred thousand years. No error (E). (P166.3)C8 Studying (A) the language and culture of a foreign country is highly recommended to (B) the tourist who expect (C) to learn from (D) his or her vacation abroad. No error (P721.26) C9 Air pollution caused by industrial fumes has been studied (A) for years, but (B) only recently has (C) the harmful effects of noise pollution become (D) known. No error (E). (P167.6) C10 In the foothills of that large mountain range is (A) the sources of a river whose course (B) was not fully mapped (C) until (D) this century. No error (E). (P 776.19)A11. At the heart of the program, enthusiastically endorsed (A) by the city’s business association, is (B) plans for refurbishing neighborhoods and for making (C) low interest mortgages available to (D) young families. No error (E) (P956.12)B12 Also supported (A) by the commission was (B) the proposed health clinics and the proposed center (C) to distribute information on job-training (D) opportunities. No error (E)(P602.27)B13 Available through the school's guidance office is (A) a job directory and a list of job referral centers that provide (B) information for (C) students in need of (D) employment. No error (E)(P721.29)A14 Langston Hughes may be best known for (A) his poetry, but (B) included among (C) his many published works are (D) a sizable collection of short stories. No error. (E) (2010-1-S7-27) D第二类：时态1 Quincy took Dan to Derek's home for a visit (A), never imagining (B) that five years would pass (C) before seeing (D) Derek again. No Error.(E) (2002-5-S4-29)D2 Jerome often referred to (A) art history textbook while he (B) was sculpting; whenever he learned a new method in art class, he seeks out (C) the work of sculptors who had used it (D) in the past. No error (E)（P409.15）C3 Some of the workers who resent (A) the supervisor’s authority would probably (B) feel uncomfortable if (C) they were to acquire the independence that they demand (D). No error (E)（P839.22）E4 Although born in the Midwest, Langston Hughes lived most of his adult life in Harlem, in New York City, where (A), like (B) other writers in the 1930’s, he had wrote (C) some of his finest (D) works. No error (E)（P894.12）C第三类：平行结构1 Each time Caroline turns on her computer, she has (A) to enter a company code, then her initials, and then enters a password (B) before (C) she can begin working (D). No error (E).(P166.2)B2 Of the hundreds of warm-water coral species, only a few (A) are highly prized (B) for use in jewelry because of their (C) beauty, luster, and they are hard (D). No error (E). (P533.12) D3 Acquaintances of Alexei have commented that he is at once annoying because of his unpredictability but his imagination is still a delight. (P431.14).A) Same.B) although he is delightfully imaginativeC) and he is delightful in his imagination tooD) while being imaginative and. They are delightedE) and delightful because of his imaginationE4 Readers of the novice writer's recent book have said that it is at once frustrating because of its chaotic structure but its originality is still a delight. (P775.11)(A) but its originality is still a delight(B) although it is delightfully original(C) and it is delightful in its originality(D) while being so original as to delight them(E) and delightful because of its originalityE5 Just how (A) critical an improved balance of trade is to (B) a healthy economy has never been (C) more clearer (D) than it is now. No error (E).（P659.18）D6 Most drivers know not only that excessive speeding on highways wastes gasoline, but also that it is dangerous. （P678.13）(A) know not only that excessive speeding on highways wastes(B) know that excessive speeding on highways could be wasteful of(C) are knowledgeable that excessive speeding on highways not only wastes(D) have known that excessive speeding on highways wastes not only(E) know that excessive speeding on highways not only by itself can wasteA第四类：形容词、副词误用1 Although canoeing through (A) the rapids was exciting, it was (B) also exhausting, and we were happy for a time to have the canoe float serene (C) down (D) a smooth stretch of the river. No error (E). (P838.12)C2 The research study reveals (A) startling proof of a constant (B) changing seafloor that comprises (C) the major part of (D) the underwater landscape. No error (E). (P602.29)B第五类：逻辑主语1 Contrasting with (A) most other (B) fifteenth- century rulers, Portuguese Kings could count on (C) the support of the aristocracy in any (D) overseas ventures. No error (E) A2 Indicating their desire to extend free enterprise, Canadians elected a member of theProgressive Conservative Party, Kim Campbell, as Prime Minister in 1993.（P493.13）(A) Canadians elected a member of the Progressive Conservative Party, Kim Campbell, as Prime Minister(B) Canadians’ election of a member of the Progressive Conservative Party as Prime Minister was Kim Campbell(C) Kim Campbell of the Progressive Conservative Party was elected Prime Minister of Canada(D) the Progressive Conservative Pa rty’s Kim Campbell was elected Prime Minister of Canadians(E) a member of the Progressive Conservative Party, Kim Campbell, was elected by Canadians as Prime MinisterA3 Raised in a large and noisy city, it was only when I went away to college that I realized how delightful life in a small town could be.（P955.11）(A) it was only when I went away to college that I realized how delightful life in a small town could be(B) when I went away to college I then realized how delightful life in a small town could be(C) going away to college made me realize how delightful life in a small town could be(D) I did not realize how delightful life in a small town could be until I went away to college(E) delightful life in a small town was unrealized by me until I went away to collegeD4 Having thought the problem through with some care, that the committee did not understand her solution frustrated the chairperson extremely.（P599.5）(A) that the committee did not understand her solution frustrated the chairperson extremely(B) the chairperson’s extremely frustration resulted from the committee not understanding her solution(C) the chairperson’s frustration at the committee’s failing to understand her solution was extreme(D) the chairperson was extremely frustrated by the committee’s failure to understand her solution(E) the committee’s failing to understand her solution was an extreme frustration to the chairpersonD5 While working as a nurse in the streets of Calcutta, that was when Mother Teresa developed a profound love for the poor.（P892.1）(A) that was when Mother Teresa developed a profound love for the poor(B) Mother Teresa developed a profound love for the poor(C) then the development of Mother Teresa’s profound love for the poor took place(D) Mother Teresa’s profound love for the poor developed(E) a profound love for the poor developed in Mother TeresaB6 By simply entering an Internet website or calling a toll-free number, a catalog order can be placed for almost anything from cheesecakes to fully equipped desktop computers.（P616.12）(A) a catalog order can be placed(B) by placing a catalog order(C) they will place your catalog order(D) you can place a catalog order(E) your catalog order can be placedD7 Though now one of the most famous abstract artists, critics once ridiculed Jackson Pollock for his technique of splattering paint on canvases.（P532.8）(A) critics once ridiculed Jackson Pollock(B) critics once were ridiculing Jackson Pollock(C) Jackson Pollock once ridiculed by critics(D) Jackson Pollock was once ridiculed by critics(E) Jackson Pollock, having once been ridiculed by criticsD8 During (A) my most recent (B) trip, I came across (C) a wonderful antique store wandering(D) in the old quarter of the city. No error (E). (P533.16)D9 Having been a victim of malicious rumors, Helen purposely avoided gossips.（P954. 3）(A) Having been a victim of malicious rumors(B) Her being a victim of malicious rumors(C) Her having been victimized by malicious rumors(D) Because being a victim of malicious rumors(E) Because having been a victim of malicious rumorsA第六类：代词1 The starling is such a (A) pest in rural areas that it has become (B) necessary to find ways(C) of controlling the growth of their (D) population. No error (E)（P167.8）D2 The quality of multivitamin tablets is determined (A) by how long (B) its (C) potency can be protected (D) by the manufacturer's coating material. No error (E) (P602.28)C3 Despite research on the diagnosis of (A) heart disease and the use of increasingly (B) sophisticated technology in its treatment (C), the condition of coronary arteries is (D) still difficult to assess precisely. No error (E) (2008-1-Q21)E4 The report Alexander is discussing (A), a report prepared jointly by he (B) and the committee, does not take into account (C) the socioeconomic status of those interviewed (D). No error (E)（P602.21）B5 Apparently impressed with (A) our plans, the foundation awarded Carlos and I (B) a grant to establish (C) a network of community centers throughout (D) the city. No error (E) （P602.26）B6 For we (A) students, concern about impending (B) tuition hikes was even more acute than(C) apprehension about (D) final exams. No error (E) （P721.27）A7 It would be (A) much more efficient for you and I (B) to work together on both projects than (C) for each of us (D) to work separately on one. No error (E). （2008-10-S7-22）B8 For people in (A) many ancient societies, work was only a means of (B) survival rather than (C) a way to improve your (D) standard of living. No error (E) （P838.19）D9 When one first begins (A) to arm wrestle, it’s (B) important to work on one’s endurance and to make your (C) biceps appear formidable (D). No error. (E)C10 If one adopts (A) a tiger as a pet, particularly (B) in New York City, you (C) should alert those who (D) live in the area. No Error (E)C11 The comet has recently changed direction toward Jupiter, which is leading scientists to wonder about the composition of the object.(A) which is leading scientists to wonder about(B) this development leading scientists to wonder about(C) and with it scientists’ wonder of(D) a development leading scientists to wonder about(E) this leading scientists to wonder onD12 Candy manufacturers applauded the discovery by (A) researchers that students which (B) smell chocolate while studying and again while taking (C) a test are able to (D) recall more material than students not exposed to the odor of chocolate. No error (E)（P894.15）B13 In a world that (A) the rate of technological and social change accelerates frighteningly(B) , change itself (C) often seems to be the only constant (D). No error (E) （P957.21）A14 Along (A) the curve of islands known as the Florida Keys lies(B) a reef of living coral, the only one(C) of a kind(D) in the continental United States. No Error (E)D15 During the labor dispute, barrels of potatoes were emptied across the highway, and they thereby blocked it to all traffic.（P599.4）(A) highway, and they thereby blocked it to all traffic(B) highway and thereby blocking it to all traffic(C) highway, by which all traffic was therefore blocked(D) highway, and therefore this had all traffic blocked(E) highway, thereby blocking all trafficE16 The lawyers representing the parking-lot operators asserted as to the defensibility of their practices as legal and ethical.（P615.6）(A) as to the defensibility of their practices as legal and ethical(B) as to their practices and their defensibility on legal and ethical grounds(C) that their practices, that is the operators, are defensible in legal terms as well as ethics(D) that in regards to defensibility their practices are legally and ethically defensible(E) that the practices of the operators are legally and ethically defensibleE17 Conners, a publishing and media services company, is acquiring Dispatch Education, it manufactures school uniforms.（P599.2）(A) Dispatch Education, it manufactures(B) Dispatch Education, which manufactures(C) Dispatch Education, manufacturing(D) Dispatch Education, it is manufacturing(E) Dispatch Education, for the manufacturing ofB18 Many communities in my state are forming neighborhood watch programs, for it will deter criminals.（P739.10）(A) programs, for it will deter(B) programs, in which it will deter(C) programs that will deter(D) programs for the deterrence of(E) programs being able to deterC19 It is hard for some young people to believe that women were at one time not admitted to some colleges, but they have since become coeducational.（P802.8）(A) colleges, but they have since become coeducational(B) colleges, but they are now coeducational(C) colleges, and have since become coeducational(D) colleges that have since become coeducational(E) colleges, since becoming coeducationalD20 When Catherine the Great had a magnificent dinner service of Sevres porcelain made for her, she was scandalized by its great cost, which became the subject of prolonged controversy.（P987.8）(A) which became(B) so it was to be(C) with a result that it was destined to become(D) therefore becoming(E) consequently it would becomeA第七类介词1 At the highest level (A) of competitive chess, players are so familiar to (B) one another’s strategies that they can practically (C) read their opponents’minds; the result is drearily predictable (D) play. No error (E). （2008-5-S4-16）B2 Vanessa had a tendency of changing (A) her mind often, so often (B) in fact that her friends gave up expecting (C) her to show up at (D) their parties. No error (E). (2008-10-S7-28) A3 Digital technology, as every marketer knows, is synonymous to speed, precision, and the future.A. toB. ofC. withD. forE. throughC常考的一些搭配abide byable toaccuse … ofapologize forapprove ofcapable ofcomply with conscious ofconsists ofdepend on= rely on differ from discriminate against equivalent toescape fromfamiliar with/ familiar to grateful toidentical toobject tojealous of opposed to participate in preoccupied with protect … from provide … with relevant to succeed in tendency to/ toward第八类：连词：（逻辑关系错误/多连词/副词误用为连词/分句间缺连词）1 Watermelons have been cultivated for more than 4000 years, and whereby thumping them to test for ripeness has an equally long history.A. and whereby thumping themB. whereby thumping themC. because thumping themD. thumping them as a wayE. and thumping themE2 Since some (A) people are convinced that (B) dowsing, a method of finding underground water with a Y-shaped stick, is effective, but others condemn the procedure as (C) mere superstition (D) . No error(E)（P602.24）A3 Many students work after school and on weekends, consequently they do not have much time for doing their homework.A, weekends, consequently they do not haveB, weekends, they do not haveC, weekends, as a consequence they do not haveD, weekends, therefore they do not haveE, weekends; consequently, they do not haveE4 Even the play’s most minor characters work toge ther with extraordinary skill, their interplay creates a moving theatrical experience.A, their interplay creates a moving theatrical experience.B, a moving theatrical experience is created by their interplayC, and their interplay creates a moving theatrical experience.D, and a moving theatrical experience being the creation of their interplayE, with their interplay they create a moving theatrical experience.C第九类：固定搭配1 Just as Ireland has produced many famous writers and the Netherlands on abundance of famous painters, so Finland has provided a large number of famous architects. （P775.10）(A) so Finland has provided a large number of famous architects(B) Finland provides famous architects, and by large numbers(C) Finland’s contribution is to provided famous architects in a large number(D) and so then, for Finland, a large number of famous architects is provided(E) and like them Finland has provided a large number of famous architectsA2 No sooner had Andrea del Sarto traveled to France to work for the French king but his wife persuaded him to return to Italy.（P676.4）(A) but his wife persuaded him to return(B) but his wife had him persuaded into returning(C) than he was persuaded by his wife that he will return(D) but he was persuaded by his wife into returning(E) than his wife persuaded him to returnE3 Chaplin will not be remembered for espousing radical causes any more than they will remember Wayne for endorsing conservative political candidates.（P677.6）(A) any more than they will remember Wayne(B) as will Wayne not be remembered(C) any more than Wayne will be remembered(D) just as they will not remember Wayne(E) no more than Wayne will be rememberedC4 The main reasons students give for failing to participate in the political process is that they have demanding assignments and work at part-time jobs.（P600.6）(A) is that they have demanding assignments and work at(B) are demanding assignments and they work at(C) are that they have demanding assignments and that they work at(D) is having demanding assignments and having to work at(E) are demanding assignments, in addition to working atC7 The reason for the continued popularity of country-western performers is that it draws on experience with which almost everyone can identify（P955. 10）(A) that it draws on(B) that their music draws on(C) because the music draws on(D) because of them drawing from(E) they will draw fromB第十类：分句错误：双主语/缺谓语1 The Basque language, possibly one of Europe’s oldest, whose origins are hotly debated.（P863.10）(A) The Basque language, possibly one of Europe’s oldest, whose origins are hotly debated.(B) The Basque language, possibly one of Europe’s oldest, its origins are hotly debated.(C) Possibly one of Europe’s oldest languages, the origins of Basque are hotly debated.(D) The origins of the Basque language, possibly one of Europe’s oldest, are hotly debated.(E) Basque is hotly debated as a language wh ose origins are possibly Europe’s oldest.D2 The problem of water pollution, frequently compounded in certain areas because the treatment and release of industrial wastes are not adequately regulated.（P954.2）(A) pollution, frequently compounded in certain areas because(B) pollution, frequently compounded in certain areas and(C) pollution, frequently compounded in certain areas when(D) pollution is frequently compounded in certain areas where(E) pollution is frequently compounded in certain areas andD简洁原则：1 Anita liked to watch television, of which she found the science programs especially fascinating.(A) television, of which she found the science programs especially fascinating(B) television; she found the science programs especially fascinating(C) television, and it was especially the science programs that were of fascination(D) television; the fascination of the science programs especially(E) television, especially fascinating to her were the programsB2 The chestnut, like the oak, is called an immortal tree, the reason is that the truck and roots remain alive even after the tree has been felled.（P955. 6）(A) tree, the reason is that the truck and roots remain(B) tree, which has a truck and roots that are remaining(C) tree, the truck of which and the roots remain(D) tree because its truck and roots remain(E) tree, whose trunk and roots are remainingD习题：1. Roger had just walked into his office and that was when he was told that his plan had finally been approved.A. and that was when he was toldB. and then he learnedC. when it was learned by himD. and then they told himE. when he learnedE2. Burdened with three pieces of luggage and a pair of skis, Sarah’s search for a baggage cart was desperate.A. Sarah’s search for a baggage cart was desperateB. Sarah’s desperate search was for a baggage cartC. a baggage cart was what Sarah desperately searched forD. a baggage cart for which Sarah desperately searchedE. Sarah searched desperately for a baggage cartE例：Of all the states represented at the conference, the governor of Missouri was the only one to present plans for enforcing the new regulations. （P740.14）(A) the governor of Missouri was the only one to present(B) making the governor from Missouri the only one to present(C) Missouri’s governor only presented(D) Missouri’s governor presented the only(E) Missouri was the only one whose governor presentedE3. Karen, James, and Sam were hiking when, stumbling over a rock, he fell down a steep embankment.A. when, stumbling over a rock, he fell down a steep embankmentB. and then he fell down a steep embankment after he stumbled over a rockC. when Sam fell down a steep embankment after stumbling over a rockD. when Sam fell down a steep embankment, since he stumbled over a rockE. and, since he stumbled over a rock, he fell down a steep embankmentC4. By attracting new industry when the old factory closed, the council kept the economy of the town from collapsing, this was a disaster many workers had feared.A. this was a disaster many workers had fearedB. because many workers had feared a disasterC. the fear many workers had would be a disasterD. a disaster that many workers had fearedE. it was feared by many workers as a disasterD5. A healthy economy can be measured not only by the growth of business but it has a psychological effect on people.A. it has aB. as well in theC. also by theD. also theE. in the way of having aC6. Today’s political candidates may reach wide audiences by appearing on television, but old-fashioned barnstorming still has value because it allows the electorate to meet candidates face to face.A. television, but old-fashioned barnstorming still has value because it allowsB. television, but old-fashioned barnstorming still would have value because of allowingC. television; however, there is still value in old-fashioned barnstorming by allowingD. television, old-fashioned barnstorming still having value because it allowsE. television, when old-fashioned barnstorming still has value in allowingA7. Linguistic research often requires fieldwork where they can study and record the spoken dialects of a region.A. where theyB. through which theyC. and the linguistD. during which the linguistE. which theyD8. The primatologist has argued that sustained observation of a few animals provides better behavioral data than does intermittent observation of many animals.A. provides better behavioral data than does intermittent observation of many animalsB. provides better behavioral data than many animals are observed intermittentlyC. providing better behavioral data than does intermittent observation of many animalsD. do provide better behavioral data than intermittent observation of many animals doE. in contrast to intermittent observation of many animals, provides better behavioral dataA例：Of the following, which is the best version of the underlined portion of sentence 5 below?Whatever it is, it seemed that the creature has a burrow under our front porch.（P722.31）(A) (as it is now)(B) In spite of what it is, it seems that the creature has(C) The creature, whatever it was, seemingly having(D) It would seem, whatever it is, that it would have(E) Whatever the creature is, it seems to haveE9. George Orwell’s term “doublespeak” referri ng to the intentional use of language to confuse or to mislead, as when one says “revenue enhancement” instead of “tax increase.”A. referring to the intentional use of languageB. referring to language which is intentionally usedC. which refers to the intentionally using languageD. refers to the intentional use of languageE. is when it refers to language used intentionallyD10. Scientists predict technological changes in the next century, they will be as dramatic as was the development of the transcontinental railroad in the last century.A. century, they will be as dramatic as wasB. century, these will be as dramatic asC. century; being as dramatic as wasD. century will be dramatic as isE. century as dramatic asE11. With billions of tons yet to be mined, some argue that coal conservation measures are unnecessary.A. With billions of tonsB. Because billions of tons of coal areC. Because of coal in billions of tonsD. By considering that there are billions of tonsE. Aware of the coal in billions of tonsB练习讲解句子改错1. Despite (A) its cultural importance, the Daily Gazette lost (B) 70 percent of its subscribers since 1920 and, by 1955, was losing (C) as much as(D) $200,000 a year. No error (E) (06.1,29)B2. Africa’s Kanem Empire, after enduring for (A) over a thousand years, is (B) believed to have fallen into decline (C) when trade centers shift (D) outside its boundaries. No error (E) (06.5, 25)D3. Although the precise date and place of the origin of baseball are hotly debated (A), it is beyond dispute (B) that the New York City boroughs of Manhattan and Brooklyn play (C) an important role in its (D) early development. No error (E)( OC4-S5-24)C4. Of ancient origin (A), the game of checkers was played (B) in Egypt during the time (C) of the pharaohs and is mentioned (D) in the writings of Homer and Plato. No error (E) ( OC5-S6-28)E5. Jean Toomer was not only (A) the author of Cane, a novel whose publication has been viewed (B) as marking (C) the beginning of the Harlem Renaissance, but also a respected advisor among Quakers (D). No error (E) ( OC6-S5-18)E6. Because the garden was untended (A), the windows had no (B) shutters, and the lawn overrun (C) by weeds, people passing by (D) the old house assumed that it was unoccupied. No error (E)(06- 1-section 3-17)C7. Because the American Indian Rodeo includes games and exhibitions developed as early as (A) the seventeenth century, they predate (B) by (C) a few hundred years the form (D) of rodeo now seen on television. No error (E)(06-1-S3, 27)B8. Many jazz enthusiasts would have to admit (A) that their having (B) unjustly overlooked(C) the music of Bennie Nawahi, who popularized (D) the Hawaiian steel guitar sound in the early 1930’s. No error (E) (08-1-13)B9. In addition to (A) being (B) a talented pianist and composer, Bela Bartok was a respected (C) musicologist who wrote (D) several books on Hungarian, Slovakian, and Romanian folk music. No error (E) (OC -4 –S5 -15)。
SAT语法最全总结剖析
SAT语法最全总结剖析I.语法规则总述1.主谓一致：主语与谓语在人称和数方面要保持一致。
2.代词一致：代词与其所指代的名词在人称、数和性别方面要保持一致。
3.修饰语顺序：修饰语通常放在被修饰的词的前面。
4.平行结构：并列连词连接的两个或多个相同成分要求保持一致的结构。
5.句子完整性：句子必须包含主语和谓语，并表达完整的意思。
6.句子连接：句子之间的连接词或短语应正确使用，以保持句子的逻辑连贯性。
7.时态和语态：动词的时态和语态应与句子的主语和语境相匹配。
8.并列结构：并列连词连接的成分应平行且逻辑上相近。
9.主从关系：主从句之间的连接词和标点符号应正确使用。
10.比较结构：比较结构的成分应保持一致，比较的程度要明确。
II.错误类型及规则1.主谓不一致错误：例如主语为复数，而谓语动词却是单数形式。
2.代词不一致错误：例如代词的格或数与所指代的名词不一致。
3.单复数不一致错误：例如名词与其相应的动词、代词、冠词、限定词等在数方面不一致。
4.修饰语错误：例如修饰语位于被修饰词的后面，与其所修饰的词不匹配。
5.平行结构错误：例如并列连词连接的两个或多个成分不平行且不一致。
6.句子不完整错误：例如缺少主语或谓语，或者缺乏必要的上下文信息。
7.句子连接错误：例如使用错误的连接词、短语或标点符号，导致句子的逻辑关系混乱。
8.时态和语态错误：例如动词的时态和语态与主语和语境不一致。
9.并列结构错误：例如不平行的并列结构，或者逻辑上不相近的并列成分。
10.主从关系错误：例如使用错误的主从连接词或标点符号，导致主从句关系不清晰或不连贯。
11.比较结构错误：例如比较结构不一致，或者比较的程度不明确。
III.解题技巧。
SAT语法讲义（完整版）
SAT语法讲义（完整版）SAT语法讲义Identifying Sentence Errors一、主谓一致1. 就前原则(1) N1 of N2 verb（SAT考试中动词的单复数与N1有关，与N2无关）如：a group of students arethe details of the problems are例：The bright (A) fiberglass sculptures of Luis Jimenez has received (B) critical acclaim not only (C) in his home state, New Mexico, but also in (D) New York.No error (E). (P161.1)(2) 名词1+介词+名词2 如：students in the classroom名词，插入语，verb名词+doing/done 如：students studying hard例：Flints found in (A) the region extending from the Nile Valley to (B) the highlands of eastern Iraq attests to (C) the presence of people there as long ago as (D) one hundred thousand years. No error (E). (P166.3)2.“欲擒故纵”法动词单复数做题基本原则是就前原则，如果句子太长、太难、太复杂时，用“欲擒故纵”法。
3.动词单复数的特殊固定用法(1) a number of 一些；一般情况下其后动词用复数，（不受任何规律限制）；the number of …的数量；其后的动词在任何情况下都用单数。
量词考点：a group/list/line of 使用“就前原则”(2) 倒装结构：就后原则。
sat语法知识点总结
sat语法知识点总结IntroductionThe SAT is an important test for high school students planning to attend college. One of the sections of the SAT is the Writing and Language section, which tests students' understanding of grammar, style, and punctuation. In this section, students are required to identify errors, improve sentence structure, and revise passages to improve clarity and effectiveness. Therefore, it is crucial for students to have a strong grasp of grammar and syntax. In this article, we will provide an in-depth summary of the essential grammar rules and concepts that students should know for the SAT Writing and Language section.Subject-Verb AgreementOne of the fundamental principles of grammar is subject-verb agreement. This rule dictates that a singular subject should have a singular verb, and a plural subject should have a plural verb. For example, "The cat sits on the mat" uses a singular verb "sits" to agree with the singular subject "cat." On the other hand, "The cats sit on the mat" uses a plural verb "sit" to agree with the plural subject "cats."However, subject-verb agreement can become tricky when dealing with compound subjects and collective nouns. In the case of compound subjects joined by "and," the verb should be plural. For example, "Mary and John are going to the party." However, if the compound subject refers to a single entity or idea, the verb should be singular. For instance, "Bread and butter is my favorite snack."Additionally, collective nouns, which refer to a group of people or things as a single entity, can be singular or plural depending on the context. For example, "The team is practicing for the game" treats the team as a single unit, so the verb is singular. Conversely, "The team are arguing among themselves" treats the team as individuals, so the verb is plural.Pronoun-Antecedent AgreementAnother important concept in grammar is pronoun-antecedent agreement. A pronoun must agree in number, gender, and person with its antecedent, the word to which the pronoun refers. For example, "The student handed in her assignment" uses the feminine pronoun "her" to agree with the feminine antecedent "student."When dealing with indefinite pronouns such as "everyone," "anyone," and "someone," it is essential to remember that they are singular and should take singular pronouns. For instance, "Everyone should do his or her best" uses the singular pronouns "his or her" to agree with the singular indefinite pronoun "everyone."However, some indefinite pronouns, such as "both," "few," and "several," are plural and should take plural pronouns. For example, "Both of the girls received their awards" uses the plural pronoun "their" to agree with the plural indefinite pronoun "both."ModifiersModifiers are words or phrases that provide additional information about another element in the sentence. It is crucial to place modifiers close to the word they modify to avoid confusion or ambiguity. For example, "I only have three cookies" suggests that the speaker possesses nothing except three cookies, whereas "I have only three cookies" indicates the speaker's possession of three, and only three, cookies.Furthermore, dangling modifiers occur when the word or phrase a modifier should logically describe is missing from the sentence. For instance, "Running down the street, the mailbox was knocked over" suggests that the mailbox was running, which is illogical. To fix this, the sentence can be revised to "Running down the street, he knocked over the mailbox," where the subject of the modifier is clear.ParallelismParallelism refers to the use of grammatically similar elements to create balance and rhythm in a sentence. In lists or series of items, each item should be in the same grammatical form. For example, "She likes hiking, swimming, and to ride a bike" is not parallel, as "to ride a bike" should be "riding a bike" to match the other items in the list. The corrected sentence is "She likes hiking, swimming, and riding a bike."Moreover, parallel structure should be maintained in comparisons. For instance, "She is more talented, smarter, and has a better attitude" lacks parallel structure, as "has" disrupts the parallel form. The revised sentence is "She is more talented, smarter, and more positive in attitude."Sentence StructureUnderstanding sentence structure is crucial for creating clear and effective writing. A sentence should have a subject and a verb to express a complete thought. Fragments, which lack a subject, a verb, or do not express a complete thought, should be avoided. For example, "While waiting for the train" is a fragment that can be revised to "While waiting for the train, I read a book."Furthermore, run-on sentences occur when two independent clauses are joined together without proper punctuation or conjunctions. For instance, "I like to run I enjoy the feeling of freedom" is a run-on sentence that can be fixed by adding a comma and a coordinating conjunction: "I like to run, and I enjoy the feeling of freedom."CommasCommas are versatile punctuation marks that serve various purposes in writing. They can be used to separate items in a list, set off introductory phrases, and offset non-essential information. However, it is crucial to use commas correctly to avoid confusion and misinterpretation.A common mistake is the misuse of the comma splice, which occurs when a comma is used to join two independent clauses without a coordinating conjunction or a semicolon. For instance, "I like to read, I find it relaxing" is a comma splice that can be corrected by adding a conjunction: "I like to read, and I find it relaxing."Moreover, commas should be used to set off non-essential information, but not essential information. For example, "The book, which was published last year, is quite popular" uses commas to set off non-essential information. Conversely, "The woman who is wearing a red dress is my sister" does not use commas because "who is wearing a red dress" is essential to identify the woman.PunctuationIn addition to commas, proper usage of other punctuation marks, such as semicolons, colons, and dashes, is essential for clear and effective writing. Semicolons can be used to join closely related independent clauses without a conjunction, to separate items in a list when the items contain commas, and to clarify a series of item...。
SAT 语法 讲义
EG: South Korea has witnessed the world’s most dramatic growth of Christian congregations：church membership is expanding by 6．6 percent a year, fully two-thirds of the growth coming from conversions rather than the population increasing.(A) coming from conversions rather than the population increasing(B) coming from conversions rather than increases in the population(C) coming from conversions instead of the population’s inc reasing(D) is from conversations instead of population increases(E) is from conversions rather than increasing the increases名词及相关修饰性成分1—1 Contrary to earlier conjectures，it may be that increased atmospheric carbon dioxide as a result of burning fossil fuels would cool the globe by reducing the amount of solar energy absorbed by snow．(A) increased atmospheric carbon dioxide as a result of burning(B) increased atmospheric carbon dioxide resulting from the combustion of(C) increasing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere resulting from the combustion of(D) carbon dioxide in the atmosphere that increased from burning(E) atmospheric carbon dioxide that increased from burning1—2 Rather than continue to produce most of the items necessary for subsistence, a growing number of farm families during the first decades of the nineteenth century began to specialize in the production of grain or cotton and to use the cash proceeds from selling their crops for buying necessities．(A) selling their crops for buying(B) the sales of their crops for buying(C) their selling of crops so as to buy(D) their selling crops for buying of(E) the sale of their crops to buy1—3 New theories propose that catastrophic impacts of asteroids and comets may have caused reversals in the Earth’s magnetic field, the onset of ice ages, splitting apart continents 80million years ago, and great volcanic eruptions.(A) splitting apart continents(B) the splitting apart of continents(C) split apart continents(D) continents split apart(E) continents that were split apart1-4 One view of the economy contends that a large drop in oil prices should eventually lead to lowing interest rates，as well as lowering fears about inflation, a rally in stocks and bonds, and a weakening of the dollar.(A)lowing interest rates，as well as lowering fears about inflation，(B)a lowering of interest rates and of fears about inflation，(C)a lowering of interest rates，along with fears about inflation，(D)interest rates being lowered，along with fears about inflation，(E)interest rates and fears about inflation being lowered，with1—5 Consumers may not think of household cleaning products to be hazardous substances，but many of them can be harmful to health especially ii they are used improperly.(A) Consumers may not think of household cleaning products to be(B) Consumers may not think of household cleaning products being(C) A consumer may not think of their household cleaning products being(D) A consumer may not think of household cleaning products as(E) Household cleaning products may not be thought of，by consumers, as1—6 In the face of widespread concern about environmental waste，compact disc manufacturers are attempting to find a replacement for the disposable plastic box in which they package their product．(A) the disposable plastic box in which they(B) the disposable plastic box where they(C) a disposable plastic box in which to(D) disposable plastic boxes inside which they(E) the disposable plastic boxes in which to1—7 Following the nutrition board’s advice on salt consumption, it would mean a virtual end of the of salt in cooking, and avoidance of obviously salty foods, and reducing the reliance on processed foods that contain significant amounts of often hidden sodium.(A) reducing the reliance processed foods that contain significant amounts of often hidden sodium(B)reducing the reliance on processed foods containing often hidden but significant amounts of sodium(C)a reduction of the reliance on processed food, containing as they do often hidden sodium in(D) a reduced reliance on the significant amounts of hidden sodium often contained in processed foods(E)a reduced reliance on processed foods that contain significant but often hidden amounts of sodium1—8 The brochure notes that in the seminar the importance that communication is a two-way process will be emphasized.(A)importance that communication is a two-way process will be emphasized(B) importance of communication as a two-way process will be emphasized(c)importance of communication being a two-way process will be the emphasis(D)fact will be emphasized that communication is a two-way process and of importance(E) emphasis will be that communication being a two-way process is important1—9 Stable interest rates on long-term bonds are the financial market’s vote of confidence in the Federal Reserve keeping in control of inflation.(A)in the Federal Reserve keeping in control of inflation(B)that the Federal Reserve will keep inflation under control(C) for the Federal Reserve，that it would keep control of inflation(D)that inflation will be kept control of by the Federal Reserve(E)that inflation would be kept control of by the Federal Reserve1—10 Dr . Tonegawa won the Nobel Prize for discovering how the body can constantly change its genes to fashion a seeming unlimited number of antibodies，each specifically targeted at an invading microbe or foreign substance．(A) seeming unlimited number of antibodies，each specifically targeted at(B) seeming unlimited number of antibodies，each targeted specifically to(C) seeming unlimited number of antibodies，all specifically targeted at(D) seemingly unlimited number of antibodies，all of them targeted specifically to(E)seemingly unlimited number of antibodies，each targeted specifically at1——11 Recently there has been increased debate over if a budget surplus should go towards lower taxes or increased spending on social programs.(A)over if a budget surplus should go towards lower taxes or increased spending(B)over whether a budget surplus should go towards lowering taxes or increasing spending(C)about a budget surplus going towards lower taxes or increasing spending(D)about if lower taxes should come from budget surplus or spending increases(E)concerning a budget surplus and its going towards lower taxes or increased spendingE1—1 Once an apolitical confrontation of the world’s best athletes，the Summer Olympics have been increasingly politicized in recent years as the superpowers have denied many of the best athletes access to competition．(A) been increasingly politicized(B) been increasing politicization(C) been of increased politicization(D) politicized，increasingly，(E) increased politicizationE1—2 The economic forces which may affect the new public offering of stock include sudden downturns in the market，hedging and other investor strategies for preventing losses，loosing the interest rates in Washington, and fearing that the company may still be undercapitalized．(A)loosing the interest rates in Washington，and fearing the company may still be undercapitalized(B)loosening the interest rates in Washington，and a fear of the company still being undercapitalized(C) a loosening of the interest rates in Washington，and fearing that the company may still be undercapitalized(D)a loosening of the interest rates in Washington，and a fear of the still undercapitalized company(E)a loosening of the interest rates in Washington，and a fear that the company may still be undercapitalizedE1—3 Among the reasons for the decline of New England agriculture in the last three decades were the high cost of land，the pressure of housing and commercial development，and basing a marketing and distribution system on importing produce from Florida and California.(A)basing a marketing and distribution system on importing produce from Florida and California(B)basing a marketing and distribution system on the imported produce of Florida and California(C)basing a system of marketing and distribution on the import of produce from Florida and California(D) a marketing and distribution system based on importing produce from Florida and California(E) a marketing and distribution system importing produce from Florida and CaliforniaEl一4 School integration plans that involve busing between suburban and central—city areas have contributed，according to a recent study，to significant increases in housing integration, which, in turn reduces any future need for busing.(A)significant increases in housing integration，which, in turn, reduces(B)significant integration increases in housing，which, in turn, reduces(C)increase housing integration significantly，which, in turn, reduces(D) increase housing integration significantly，in turn reducing(E)significantly increase housing integration，which, in turn, reduce2—1 Since 1986 enrollments of African Americans，American Indians，and Hispanic Americans in full-time engineering programs in the United States has steadily increased, while the number of other students who enter the field fallen．(A)has steadily increased，while the number of the students who enter the field has fallen(B) has steadily increased，while other students entering the field have declined in number(C) increased steadily，while there was a decline in the number of other students entering the field(D) have steadily increased，while the number of other students entering the field has fallen(E)have steadily increased，while that of other students who enter the field fell2—2 The lack of complete historical records from the mid-to-late 1800’s have made some Black inventions difficult to trace totheir originators．(A) have made some Black inventions difficult to trace to their originators(B) have made for difficulties in tracing some inventions by Blacks to their originators(C) have made it difficult to trace some inventions by Blacks to their originators(D) has made it difficult to trace some inventions to their Black originators(E) has made it difficult in tracing some Black inventions to their originators2—3 With its plan to develop seven and a half acres of shore land, Cleveland is but one of a large number of communities on the Great Lakes that is looking to its waterfront as a way to improve the quality of urban life and attract new businesses．(A)is looking to its waterfront as a way to improve the quality of urban life and attract(B) is looking at its waterfront to improve the quality of urban life and attract(C) are looking to their waterfronts to improve the quality of urban life and attract(D) are looking to its waterfront as a way of improving the quality of urban life and attracting(E) are looking at their waterfronts as a way they can improve the quality of urban life and attract2—4 A report by the American Academy for the Advancement of Science has concluded that much of the currently uncontrolled dioxins to which North Americans are exposed comes from the incineration of wastes．(A)much of the currently uncontrolled dioxins to which North Americans fire exposed comes(B)much of the currently uncontrolled dioxins that North Americans are export to come(C)much of the dioxins that are currently uncontrolled and that North Americans are exposed to comes(D)many of the dioxins that are currently uncontrolled and North Americans are exposed to come(E)many of the currently uncontrolled dioxins to which North Americans are exposed come2—5 Down zoning, zoning that typically results in the reduction of housing density，allows for more open space in areas where little water or services exist.(A)little water or services exist(B)little water or services exists(C)few services and little water exists(D)there is little water or services available(E)there are few services and little available water练习E2—1 Three out of every four automobile owners in the United States also own a bicycle．(A)Three out of every four automobile owners in the United States also own a bicycle.(B)out of every four，three automobile owners in the United States also owns a bicycle．(C) Bicycles are owned by three out of every four owners of automobiles in the United States．(D)In the United States，three out of every four automobile owners owns bicycles.(E)Out of every four owners of automobiles in the United States，bicycles are also owned by three．E2—2 Two valence states of uranium，one with a deficit of four electrons and the other one with a deficit of six, occurs in nature and contributes to the diversity of uranium’s behavior．(A) the other one with a deficit of six，Occurs in nature and contributes(B) the other one a deficit of six，occur in nature and contribute(C) the other with a deficit of six，occur in nature and contributes(D) the other with a deficit of six，occur in nature and contribute(E) one with six，occurs in nature and contributesE2—3The relationship between corpulence and disease，remain controversial, although statistics clearly associate fl reduced life expectancy with chronic obesity．(A)remain controversial，although statistics dearly associate a reduced life expectancy with(B) remain controversial，although statistics clearly associates a reduced life expectancy with(C) remain controversial，although statistics dearly associates reduced life expectancy to(D)remains controversial，although statistics dearly associate a reduced life expectancy with(E)remains controversial，although statistics clearly associates reduced life expectancy to2—1 Since 1986 enrollments of African Americans，American Indians，and Hispanic Americans in full-time engineering programs in the United States has steadily increased, while the number of other students who enter the field fallen．(A)has steadily increased，while the number of the students who enter the field has fallen(B) has steadily increased，while other students entering the field have declined in number(C) increased steadily，while there was a decline in the number of other students entering the field(D) have steadily increased，while the number of other students entering the field has fallen(E)have steadily increased，while that of other students who enter the field fell2—2 The lack of complete historical records from the mid-to-late 1800’s have made some Black inventions difficult to trace to their originators．(A) have made some Black inventions difficult to trace to their originators(B) have made for difficulties in tracing some inventions by Blacks to their originators(C) have made it difficult to trace some inventions by Blacks to their originators(D) has made it difficult to trace some inventions to their Black originators(E) has made it difficult in tracing some Black inventions to their originators2—3 With its plan to develop seven and a half acres of shore land, Cleveland is but one of a large number of communities on the Great Lakes that is looking to its waterfront as a way to improve the quality of urban life and attract new businesses．(A)is looking to its waterfront as a way to improve the quality of urban life and attract(B) is looking at its waterfront to improve the quality of urban life and attract(C) are looking to their waterfronts to improve the quality of urban life and attract(D) are looking to its waterfront as a way of improving the quality of urban life and attracting(E) are looking at their waterfronts as a way they can improve the quality of urban life and attract2—4 A report by the American Academy for the Advancement of Science has concluded that much of the currently uncontrolled dioxins to which North Americans are exposed comes from the incineration of wastes．(A)much of the currently uncontrolled dioxins to which North Americans fire exposed comes(B)much of the currently uncontrolled dioxins that North Americans are export to come(C)much of the dioxins that are currently uncontrolled and that North Americans are exposed to comes(D)many of the dioxins that are currently uncontrolled and North Americans are exposed to come(E)many of the currently uncontrolled dioxins to which North Americans are exposed come2—5 Down zoning, zoning that typically results in the reduction of housing density，allows for more open space in areas where little water or services exist.(A)little water or services exist(B)little water or services exists(C)few services and little water exists(D)there is little water or services available(E)there are few services and little available water练习E2—1 Three out of every four automobile owners in the United States also own a bicycle．(A)Three out of every four automobile owners in the United States also own a bicycle.(B)out of every four，three automobile owners in the United States also owns a bicycle．(C) Bicycles are owned by three out of every four owners of automobiles in the United States．(D)In the United States，three out of every four automobile owners owns bicycles.(E)Out of every four owners of automobiles in the United States，bicycles are also owned by three．E2—2 Two valence states of uranium，one with a deficit of four electrons and the other one with a deficit of six, occurs in nature and contributes to the diversity of uranium’s behavior．(A) the other one with a deficit of six，Occurs in nature and contributes(B) the other one a deficit of six，occur in nature and contribute(C) the other with a deficit of six，occur in nature and contributes(D) the other with a deficit of six，occur in nature and contribute(E) one with six，occurs in nature and contributesE2—3The relationship between corpulence and disease，remain controversial, although statistics clearly associate fl reduced life expectancy with chronic obesity．(A)remain controversial，although statistics dearly associate a reduced life expectancy with(B) remain controversial，although statistics clearly associates a reduced life expectancy with(C) remain controversial，although statistics dearly associates reduced life expectancy to(D)remains controversial，although statistics dearly associate a reduced life expectancy with(E)remains controversial，although statistics clearly associates reduced life expectancy to3—1 The study undertaken by the Department of the Interior will involve examination and tagging of the California condor in order to obtain information about their daily movements，foraging habits，and sites where they nest．(A)their daily movements，foraging habits，and sites where they nest(B)their daily movements．foraging habits，and their nesting sites(C) its daily movements，foraging habits，and nesting sites(D)its daily movements，foraging habits，and about nesting sites(E)daily movements，foraging habits，and sites in which there are nests3—2 Although the bite of brown recluse spiders are rarely fatal, they cause chronic flesh wounds, posing the greatest danger to the infant and elderly, who are particularly vulnerable to its poison．(A) brown recluse spiders are rarely fatal，they cause chronic flesh wounds，posing the greatest danger to the infant and elderly，who are particularly vulnerable to its(B) brown recluse spiders are rarely fatal，they cause chronic flesh wounds, and pose the greatest danger to the infant and elderly，who are particularly vulnerable to their(C) the brown recluse spider is rarely fatal，it causes chronic flesh wounds，posing the greatest danger to the infant and elderly，who are particularly vulnerable to their(D)the brown recluse spider is rarely fatal，it causes chronic flesh wounds and poses the greatest danger to infants and the elderly，who are particularly vulnerable to its(E) the brown recluse spider is rarely fatal，they cause chronic flesh wounds，posing thegreatest danger t0 the infant andelderly，who are particularly vulnerable to its3—3 If additional deposits of oil are found，it will expand the amount that can be used as fuel and reduce the price of oil , even if the deposits are not immediately tapped．(A) it will expand the amount that can be used as fuel and reduce the price of oil(B) the amount that is able to be used as fuel will expand and the price of oil reduced(C) it will cause an increase in the amount that is able to be used as fuel and a reduction(D) the amount that can be used as fuel will increase and the price of oil will drop(E) it will increase the amount of oil that can be used as fuel and cause a drop in the price3—4 Pensions are now viewed as a deferred payment of salary，money a worker is compelled to put away to take care of one's later years．(A)a worker is compelled to put away to take care of one’s(B)that a worker is compelled to put away to take care of oneself in(C)a worker is compelled to put away to take care of oneself in(D)workers are compelled to put away to take care of them in(E)workers are compelled to put away to take care of themselves in3—5 Plausible though it sounds，the weakness of the hypothesis is that it does not incorporate all relevant evidence．(A)Plausible though it sounds，the weakness of the hypothesis(B)Even though it sounds plausible，the weakness of the hypothesis(C)Though plausible，the hypothesis’weakness(D)Though the hypothesis sounds plausible，its weakness(E)The weakness of the hypothesis which sounds plausible3—6 As researchers continue to probe the highly expressive vocal and postural language of wolves，their close resemblance to dogs has become ever more striking．(A)their close resemblance to dogs has become(B)the closeness of their resemblance to dogs has become(C)the close resemblance between them and dogs has become(D)the close resemblance between wolves and dogs becomes(E)the close resemblance of wolves with dogs becomes3—7 The rules that govern political contributions fire less stringent in local elections than they are in national elections because they typically involve smaller amounts of money and present less opportunity for abuse．(A)The rules that govern political contributions are less stringent in local elections than they are in national elections because they typically involve smaller amounts of money and present less opportunity for abuse(B)Because they typically involve smaller amounts of money and present less opportunity for abuse，the rules that govern political contributions are less stringent in local elections than the rules are in national elections(C)The rules that govern political contributions are less stringent in local elections than national elections because they typically involve smaller amounts of money and present less opportunity for abuse(D)Because local elections typically involve smaller amounts of money and present less opportunity for abuse than national elections，the rules that govern local political contributions are less stringent than national contributions(E)The rules that govern political contributions are less stringent in local elections than they are in national elections because local elections typically involve smaller amounts of money and present 1ess opportunity for abuse3—8 Although aspirin irritates the stomach ,it can be avoided if the aspirin tablet is given a coating that will not dissolve until the tablet reaches the intestine.(A)Although aspirin irritates the stomach，it(B)The irritation of the stomach caused by aspirin(C)The fact that aspirin causes irritation of the stomach(D)Aspirin causes stomach irritation，although it(E)Aspirin irritates the stomach，which3—9 After the civil war, contemporaries of Harrier Tubman’s maintained that she has all of the qualities of a great leader：coolness in the face of danger，an excellent sense of strategy，and an ability to plan in minute detail．(A) Tubman’s maintain ed that she has(B) Tubman’s maintain that she had(C) Tubman’s have maintained that she had(D) Tubman maintained that she had(E) Tubman had maintained that she has3—10 New Jersey's is one of the five highest number of reported cases of Lyme disease in the United States．(A) New Jersey’s is one of the five highest number of reported(B New Jersey’s is one of the five highest numbers in reporting(C) New Jersey has a report of one of the five highest numbers of(D) New Jersey has one of the five highest numbers of reported(E) New Jersey reports one of the five highest number ofE3-1 For many travelers，charter vacations often turn out to considerably more than they originally seemed．(A)they originally seemed(B)they originally seem to(C)they seemingly would cost originally(D) it seemed originally(E)it originally seemed they wouldE3—2 In Holland，a larger percentage of the gross national product is spent on defense of their coasts from rising seas than is spent on military defense in the United Stated．(A) In Holland，a larger percentage of the gross national product is spent on defense of their coasts from rising seas than is spent on military defense in the United Stated·(B) In Holland they spend a larger percentage of their gross national product on defending their coasts from rising seas than the United States does on military defense．(C) A larger percentage of Holland’s gross national product is spent on defending their coasts from rising seas than the United States spends on military defense·(D) Holland spends a larger percentage of its gross national product defending its coast from rising seas than the military defense spending of the United States.(E) Holland spends a larger percentage of its gross national product on defending it coasts from rising seas than the United States does on military defense·E3—3 Japan received huge sums of capital from the United States after the Second World War, using it to help build a modem industrial system·(A)Japan received huge sums of capital from the United States after the Second World War, using it to help build(B)Japan received huge sums of capital from the United States after the Second World War and used it to help in building(C) Japan used the huge sums of capital it received from the United Stated after the second World War to help build(D) Japan’s huge sums of capital received from the United States after the Second world War were used to help it in building(E) Receiving huge sums of capital from the United States after the second World War，Japan used it to help buildE3—4In England the well-dressed gentleman of the eighteenth century protected their clothing while having their wig powdered by poking their head through a device that resembled.(A) gentleman of the eighteenth century protected their clothing while having their wig powdered by poking their head(B) gentleman of the eighteenth century protected his clothing while having his wig powdered by poking his head(C) gentleman of the eighteenth century protected their clothing while having their wigs powdered by poking their heads(D) gentleman of the eighteenth century protected his clothing while having his wig powdered by poking his head(E) gentleman of the eighteenth century protected their clothing while having his wig powdered by poking his headE3—5 There is ample evidence，derived from the lore of traditional folk medicine，that naturally occurring antibiotics are usually able to be modified to make them a more effective drug.(A)are usually able to be modified to make them a more effective drug(B)are usually able to be modified to make them more effective drugs(C)are usually able to modified。
SAT语法讲义3(Subject-verb Agreement)
Pronoun Error
Misplaced Modifiers
Subject-Verb Agreement Faulty Parallelism Faulty Verb Tense Faulty Comparisons Idiom
Sentence Fragments Adjectives/Adverbs Run-on Sentence
2. 连系动词+表语构成的复合谓语 Eg. ★ You look the same. ★ The weather gets warmer, and the days get longer.
主谓一致的三原则
1. 语法一致原则 2. 意义一致原则
3. 就近原则
语法一致原则
单主 复主 单谓 复谓
Eg. ★The number of errors was surprising. ★ We love our motherland.
※ 谓语是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明,指出“做什么”、
“是什么” 或“怎么样”
※ 谓语动词的位置一般在主语之后 ※ 谓语由简单动词或动词短语(助动词或情态动词＋主要动词）构成 简单谓语和复合谓语
＊不论何种时态，语态，语气，凡由一个动词（或动词词组）构成的谓语都 是简单谓语 Eg. ★ I like walking. ★ I made your birthday cake last night. ★ It is used by travelers and business people all over the world. ＊复合谓语 1. 情态动词，助动词+不带to的动词不定式构成的重复谓语 Eg. ★ What does this word mean? ★ I won’t do词或代词或其他词的数的形式，来 决定其自身的数的形式 Eg. ★ Not only his children but also he himself wants to go there.（want） ★ Either my wife or I am going to work there. (be)
SAT语法考试的两个核心点讲解
三立教育
SAT语法考试的两个核心点讲解
因为在SAT考试中，语法是非常重要的一部分，因此就要求考生在平时的复习中，要做到多多掌握语法知识，为了帮助大家，小编给大家讲解语法考试的两个核心点，供大家参考。
SAT语法考试的两个核心：
1、正确性。
例如有平行对称，还有主谓一致，比较级，倒装，虚拟，省略，以及还有从句等等这样的语法规则。
2、有效性。
例如就有简洁性，逻辑，以及还有书面语等用法。
另外老师总结了在备考新SAT考试的过程里，阻碍大家得到语法高分的两大障碍分别是以下内容：
1、考生自己用于的错误的语法做题习惯。
例如：拿到一些题目后就能够开始做句子结构和语法成分分析。
2、考生本身缺乏对于基础语法知识的了解积累。
完全只是凭借语感去做题。
这点提醒大家一定要去弄清楚SAT语法考的其实是极其严谨的书面语表达。
SAT基础班语法讲义
SAT基础语法讲义一语法section 简介SAT语法隶属于写作部分，由三部分构成：ISE(Identifying Sentence Errors), IS(Improving Sentences)和IP(Improving Paragraphs)。
分值分布是：ISE-18道，IS-25道， IP-6道，其中的IS和IP部分是新的题型，在国内的考试和国外常见的考试里都没有见到过，也是很多考生提高成绩的瓶颈之处。
二 SAT常考语法体系：1，主谓一致。
尤其用于倒装时，比如there be句型或地点状语至于句首，要找到真正的主语；有插入语时，要勇敢的抛弃非中心部分，找到真正的主语；主谓一致还会出现在一些固定用法中，但是一般比较简单，比如neither nor或者not only but also等等。
2，逻辑主语，当分词或者形容词放在句首，一定要考虑它的主语问题。
3，时态的混用，常出的错误是：have＋过去式，过去完成时和一般过去式混用，现在完成时和一般过去式的混用。
4，名词和代词，常常名词单复数混淆，男女混淆，主格宾格混淆；也会在their、it和they之间指代不明；关于指代，跨段之间不能指代，it不能指代整个句子，只能指代一个名词或动作，one和they不能相互指代，one 和you也不能相互指代；this不能单独充当主语和宾语。
5，同类比较，只有同类的东西才能用于as well as和than句型。
EG：The population of China is larger than that of America.6，adj和adv的混用：adj修饰名词，adv可以修饰除名词外的大部分词。
Adj和adv两者之间用比较级，三者或三者以上用最高级。
7，句子结构上，“，”不能连接两个句子，“；”等于and，必须连接两个句子；且一个长句中，谓语动词和连接词的数目要平衡。
Tips：1，having，being放在句中是错误的，放在句首是正确的。
SAT语法题解题规律和难题突破解读 超越SAT2100
找错题VS 改错题句子找错题(ISE)和句子改错题(IS)考察的知识侧重点和能力不尽相同，考生只有区别性的对待和总结这两种题型，才能游刃有余。
句子找错题虽然看起来题目简短，但是难度很大，特别是国际高中的学生或者没有系统学习过语法的学生对这类题非常头疼，因为考生会觉得4个划线部分都没有错，只能跟着感觉走。
拿下这种题，需要扎实的语法基本功，并且要掌握这类题的两个出题原则，一个是“宽容原则”，当考生觉得四个划线部分，也就是A，B，C，D都没有明显错误时，要果断的选择E(No error)，当考生认为某个选项可改可不改时，就不要改，也就是不能用对的改对的。
这个原则要和另一个原则搭配使用：当考生在动词或代词选项和E选项中不知如何选择时，一定要选择动词或代词的选项，因为它们是最大的“嫌疑犯”，大部分题目都考动词和代词的错误;当考生在短语搭配和E选项中无法选择时，建议选择E选项。
下面看一个句子找错题：In many parts of the world where (A) grasses cover vast expanses of land, periodic, controlled burning is practiced (B) in order to keep woody brush from gaining (C) a foothold and it stimulates (D) continuing grass growth. No error (E)本题句意比较难理解，有些考生在没有完全理解透句意的时候也会觉得D选项的it可能指代controlled burning，但是按照刚才第二个原则，代词划线了，就不要放过这个嫌疑犯，所以答案应该选择D，按照句意，正确表达应改为from stimulating句子改错题就是另一番风景了，而且规律较多，主要有“不做大手术”、不一定选最短、“见光生和见光死”等原则。
这些SAT语法知识点帮你得高分
这些SAT语法知识点帮你得高分提升sat语法答题的准确率离不开对sat语法真题的训练，因为从真题中我们可以探索到语法部分的常规知识点有哪些，今天的sat语法讲解就为同学们介绍一下sat语法的主要知识点，希望对大家有帮助。
sat语法讲解之主要知识点介绍1.代词指代不能指代不清，隐藏指代。
如代词画线应当首先考虑指代问题。
This，these不能指代前面出现的单数和复数名词，而要使用如：“such+指代名词”的形式来消除这种模糊指代。
不可单独使用that指代前面的不可数名词，而一般使用“that of +n”的结构。
One和you，they不能混用，one只能指代she或he.2.比较事物要具有可比性，不同事物不可进行比较，往往比较要遵从平行和简洁的原则。
(通常like/unlike/similar to/compared with置于句首时，要首先考虑为比较问题)。
Like+n强调同一类事物在某方面具有相似性;as+句子强调动作的相似性(具体的人和事物比较一般都是性质的比较，用like)。
Like/unlike一般放在句首，放在句尾容易引起歧义。
比较级和than同时出现或没有。
两者之间比较使用比较级，三者或以上使用最高级。
er和more都可以表示比较级，但二者不可同时出现。
3.SAT不接受which指代一个句子，不接受it指代整个句子。
4.平行结构要使词性与形式保持平行一致。
平行结构最后一个成分之前必定有一个连词and，or，neither，nor，或者as well as。
平行结构A，B and C中一定是由and连接。
为了不产生歧义可以重复使用介词，介词平行优于简洁。
5.用“because从句”表达原因，而不是用“n+V.ing”的结构，表达复杂原因时，只用because表达最为简洁。
Because不可以引导名词性从句(it is because)。
For+句子同样也表示原因(for +n表示目的，for+doing表示用途)。
SAT标准讲义(完整版)
IE考点归纳
动词：主谓一致
① 对于正常语序的主谓一致，需要注意一下敏感的动词，比如：当题中出现 动词/助动词 has/have 及系动词 am/is/are/was/were 时，要优先注意其 主语（助动词has/have及系动词属于敏感考点）
The field of consumer electronics have been never been fixed; DVDs
2. Between the small shops and boutiques of Greenwich Village and the
giant department stores of midtown Manhattan lie the ethnically varied residential neighborhood of Chelsea. No error （完全倒装：介宾完全倒装） 3. Also supported by the commission was the proposed health clinics and the proposed center to distribute information on job-training
IE考点归纳
动词：虚拟语气
② 出现特征：动词引导的虚拟语气
表示建议：recommend, suggest, advice 表示要求：insist, demand, request 表示命令：command, order
例：
In trying to capture the essence of a portrait, the artist
touring the capitol’s sights. No error
SAT语法课件--打印版
SAT随堂讲义一“六见”1 见到代词找指代指代通常有问题2 见到动词找主语主谓一致看状语3 见到非谓找逻主搭配通常不合理4 见到平行找结构形式功能要对称5 见到比较找对象对象通常不可比6 见到连词找混连混连无误找逻辑二“八点”（一）代词：见到代词找指代指代通常有1单复数2主格宾格3反身代词不可做主语4 泛指5特指6 which7 跨段不可指代（二）主谓一致动词：见到动词找主语主谓一致看状语五点原则：1语法一致2意义一致3就近原则4就远原则5固定搭配两点特殊注意A 倒装句：B 插入语（三）动词时态：动词：见到动词找主语主谓一致看状语1 客观性：客观事实真理名人名言谚语回忆录自传文学评论2 一致性：上下文和时间状语3隐含性：:first/early/originated/previous/ Former（四）非谓语：见到非谓找逻主搭配通常不合理To doDoingDoneHaving done to doAfter /since/before doing SVO，doing同位语doneAdj(五)平行：见到平行找结构形式功能要对称平行标志：Or/ either ..or…/ neither..nor/ Both..andNot only ….but also…./ not ..but…../Rather than / instead of From …to…..（时间地点等都可以）/ from…until (仅仅指时间) （六）比较：见到比较找对象对象通常不可比比较标志/标准/对象比较标志：1 as…..as…. not as…as not so…as2 than more than less than3 compare..with…. / compare…to…./ contrast..with4 differ from…../ different from5 the same …as…/ be equal to / be equivalent to/ equal6 outnumber/ outweigh(七)连词：见到连词找混连混连无误找逻辑Run-onFragment（八）As 的用法状语从句定语从句介词副词。
SAT语法考试技巧讲解助你高分避坑
SAT语法考试技巧讲解助你高分避坑今天三立在线教育SAT网为大家带来的是SAT语法考试技巧讲解助你高分避坑的相关资讯，备考的烤鸭们，赶紧来看看吧！SAT语法套路分析之名词1.a 实意名词1 of 名词2这个结构考点是后面的动词单复数，基本由前面的实意名词1 前面a 决定单数!a means of ...means是自带s结尾，动词单数!2. a number of , a lot of 等常见情况都懂，复数。
3. 一个名词的单复数直接决定后续的动词，以及它的指代词的单复数，所以请务必关注名词的单数a 标志和复数结尾s 标志!这对于做对长句阅读理解题至关重要!注意：以上情况不含特殊例外!不要用特殊例外推翻多数情况下的常规考点。
学新SAT 阅读的同学们都懂，不要用极端词汇must all same 这些词汇来一刀切描述所有情况。
SAT语法套路分析之代词1. 选项出现he or she , his or her, one's , we , our , you , people , them 基本都是错误答案。
(已知his or her 正确仅一次!不是指代考点)2. 选项出现its ,their, this, these, such...基本都是出题考点，能在原文前方句中找到这个指代的具体名词就是正确答案(句意合理)。
找不到这个指代什么鬼东西，就是个错答案。
这个方法越是长题阅读信息，越是百试不爽!深刻理解这个小小的’撇号its 它的it's = it is = 它是(动词),这个’撇号是it is 的缩写it's基本可以不要脸地说：its 多为正确答案，it's 基本没有出题正确选过。
考最多的是its 单数的和their 复数的区别。
SAT语法套路分析之动词1.动词集中考察主谓一致，即SVO中SV的单复数形态保持一致，即复数的主语使用动词的复数形态，单数的主语后动词使用单数形态。
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Grammar & SAT Grammar Intro. Sentence:I gave my sister a sweater for her birthday.一、语法的构成词法（morphology）和句法（syntax）1、词法：各类词在句子当中的正确使用形式和组合形式。
2、句法：句子的正确组成方式和句语句之间的链接形式。
二、题型分析（一）IE（Identifying Sentence Errors）（二）IS（Improving Sentences）（三）IP（Improving Paragraphs ）三、与经典语法的比较1、IE题侧重于词法的考察；IS题侧重于句法的考察；IP题基于词法和句法考察小篇章的阅读理解。
2、三类考题的相互关系四、SAT语法概述（一）题量与难度1、一套SAT考题当中会有两个SECTION的语法问题。
其中一个SECTION由IS IEIP共同组成共35道，每题型题数分别为11、18、6。
另一个SECTION则仅由IS 题组成，共10道题。
2、IS题型> IP题型> IE题型（二）评分方法1、与写作结合进行评分2、正确题数－错误题数/4 ＝实际正确题数然后将实际正确题数结合写作分数在OG中查出自己的对应得分范围PART 1 词法Chapter1 名词一、基本概念（一）名词的分类：可数与不可数以名词形式判断单复数，特别注意一些单复数同行的词people deer species series means sheep grouse craft chinese japanese aircraft（二）名词的前后搭配1、名词的前搭配——冠词1）分类：定冠词，不定冠词2）定冠词：the具有很强的特指性3）不定冠词：an/a是one的弱化形式，表示“一个”的意思，一般和可数名词单数使用，用于泛指。
One apple a day keeps the doctor away.2、名词的后搭配——所有格1）在名词的后面加“’s”常用与有生命的任何动物上。
注意在代词指代时所有格前的名词不能被指代。
2）利用“ of ”引导的词组构成，用于无生命动词的所有格。
例：479.16（三）名词的句法功能名词在句中可以作主语，宾语，表语，定语，同位语，状语。
1、定语的举例：school house，cigarette packet，computer operator2、状语：His father taught him heart and hand when he was still a little boy.I love you all my heart.（四）名词化用法英语语言属于弱化的名词性语言，常利用名词结构表达动作、行为等本来由动词表达的意义；也经常使用此类名词机构代替一个句子或一个从句，使句子结构紧凑严密。
(lost prison break the curse of yellow flower)1、The early diagnosis of the pronunciation err ors improved the students’speech.2、Tracing the slow acquisition of knowledge about the material world by scientists inmany different cultures will help us to understand the world in which we live.二、常见考点1、可数和不可数：847.192、在句法结构中结合主谓一致和平行/比较结构Chapter 2 代词一、基本概念（一）原则代词是用于代替名词和名词短语的一类词。
同名词一样，有些代词有性别、数量、格和人称的差别，所以代词指代必须满足两个条件：1、代词必须同其先行词在性、数、人称相一致。
——功能性2、代词指代对象必须清晰可替换。
——准确性（二）分类1、人称代词：注意人称，数量和格（代词充当主语还是宾语）的差别。
I/me we/us; you/you; he/him she/her it/one they/them注：it必须指代前文中具体的单数或不可数名词。
2、物主代词：注意数和词性的变化形容词性：my your his/her/its our your their名词性：mine yours his/hers ours yours theirs3、指示代词：各个代词的指代功能1）形式：（1）this/that及其复数形式these/those，用于指代名词、短语和句子。
（2）same/such没有性，数，格的变化。
（3）so没有性，数，格的变化。
2）句法作用：（1）this/these和that/those的用法：分别用于在空间和时间上的进指和远指。
①作为先行词用法的that和those中，those能指人和物，that 只能指物，且表单数。
②that/those，this/these可用来替代前文明确的名词及名词短语。
③This和that可以作为状语表示程度。
注：one表示泛指，that和it 表示特指。
that与所指名词为同类，但不是同一个，而it 与所指名词为同一个。
The hat you bought is bigger than that I bought.I can't find my hat. I think I must buy one.I can't find my hat. I don' t know where I put it.（2）such，（the）same的用法二者单复数相同，在句中可做主语、宾语、表语和定语。
Such was my immediate impression.She said the same thing all over againHis illness was not such as to cause anxiety.（3）so的代词用法：只用于两种情况①believe，expect，hope，suppose，think，do等表示看法，假设和行为的动词之后，代替上文一个肯定陈述句。
②用于系动词之后，替代表语。
Eg: Are you going to play football tomorrow? I hope so.He is a lazy boy and will always be so.4、疑问代词Who/whom/whose/what/which都是用来构成特殊疑问句，用来提出一个直接的问题，都可以作为连接代词使用引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句。
5、关系代词：who(m) which that as1）who(m)指人；which指物2）that即指人又指物，当指代最高级和不定代词的时候只能用that。
3）所有格：whose用于人；of which用于物4）as的用法：（1）as常引导非限定性定语从句，代表主句的内容。
As引导的定语从句具有插入语的性质，可位于句首/末/中，一般用逗号隔开。
（2）与句中的same/such呼应：the same…as…；such…as…6、不定代词：指代不确定的人或物1）both（两者）和all(三人以上)：不定代词和形容词2）each（两者或三者）和every（三者以上）：each可作代词和形容词，every只能做形容词。
3）some和any：肯定/否定；任何/一些4）either和neither：Either…or…; neither…nor…5）many, much；few, little；a few, a little：可数/不可数；几乎没有/一些6）one/ones：单数可数和复数。
One…another… (三者)/one…the other…(两者)7）other和another8）none注：不定代词不能替代人称代词二、常见考点(一)指代对象在人称和数上的一致性IE：415.12，415.16，479.15，480.28，539.20，602.15，603.20，661.23，661.25，724.19，783.19IS：557.7B，557.8D，557.10AB，621.10AB，659.5AE，685.3AB，687.14A, 723.11A，748.3C，813.9，814.14C，878.14B，例1：415.12例2：415.16例3：479.15 例4：480.28例5：557.8D例6：557.10AB(二)指代的清晰性主从句或并列句中，代词前有两个以上可以被此代词指代的内容。
换句话说，有多个内容可以用于还原代词。
IS：413.3，428.4A，492.3CD，537.10B，537.11E，601.11BC，659.10E，686.8AB 686.9AD，813.8AE，847.26，877.8BCE，例1：413.3AB例2：492.3CD(三)错误使用代词功能性错误：723.7A，725.26，877.5D，877.10BC，例一：723.7A例二：725.26定语从句关系代词：538.14，724.17，782.15，557.9C 例1：538.14格的错误：480.21，603.27，660.14，847.22例一：480.21例2：480.26(四)空指代（代词无相应的对象）414.7ABE，537.9C，621.6BCDE，658.2A，685.2E，686.5ACD，749.7C，781.11B，813.6E，813.11E例1：537.9C例2：621.6BCDE(五)代词的错误使用导致的句意改变748.3DE：通过it的指代作用将定语从句的修饰对象变成了passage813.11AD，622.13ABC，845.10AD例1：622.13ABCChapter 3 形容词和副词一、基本概念（一）修饰对象形容词修饰名词或名词性结构作定语或直接用在系动词后面作表语；副词修饰形容词或动词作状语。
（二）比较级和最高级1、原则：单音节和双音节词词尾加-er，-est；三音节以上的词前加more，most；特殊的不规则变化better-best，worse-worst，less-least，farther-farthest，further-furthest。
2、原级比较：as+adj.+as; the same+n.+as二、常见考点1、修饰功能：416.24；480.29；660.13；846.15429.7D，493.6A（前置），537.8E，556.3B, 659.5BD例1：416.24例2：480.292、比较级的错误使用：539.18，782.13600.4A，723.8C，781.5A例1：539.18例2：600.4AChapter 4 动词一、基本概念（一）分类概述1、及物，不及物：可带宾语，不可带或与介词搭配后带宾语。