Incident at a shipyard in Malaysia
船厂船东中英文名称
CCS CCS LRS
2011
2011 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010
2010
2010 2010
Tianjin Xingang Shipbuilding Heavy Industry
船型 Vessel Type
57000dwt 散货船 (NB002-1~3)
57000dwt Bulk Carrier 76000dwt 散货船 (HPS3008~10)
76000dwt Bulk Carrier 45000dwt 散货船 (BH419-1~4)
45000dwt Bulk Carrier 180000dwt 散货船 (BC1800-40~41)
Transform CaCCS CCS
57000DWT 散货船(HPS3017~20) 57000DWT Bulk Carrier
CCS
57000DWT 散货船 (N301)
57000DWTBulk Carrier 57000DWT 散货船 (CIS57000/B-07~10)
大连港集团万通物流有限公司 PDA Wantong Logistics Co.,Ltd
29000DWT 多用途船 (HCY141~2)
29000DWT Multi-purpose Carrier
江苏熔盛重工集团有限公司 Jiangsu Rongsheng Shipbuilding Co.,Ltd
Fujian Jiuzhou Shipping Co.,Ltd
(NB001-1~3)
Co.,Ltd
57,000DWT Bulk Carrier
印尼船厂
As any other maritime country in the world, shipbuilding in Indonesia started with the building of wooden conoes/praus and later developed to building wooden sailing boats. This can be observed by the sailing ship relief stone wall of the famous 8 th century Borobudur temple in Central Java. According to historians, Indonesian traders using sailing ships had been trading in South east Asian waters since early history and also to India and China, and even the sailed as for as to east African coast (Madagascar island) and to Central Pacific islands.16th - 20th CenturyThe exploration of western nations using sailing ships to various parts of the world, including Indonesia, first for purposes and later for colonization, had hampered the development of Indonesian shipbuilding. Many restrictions were imposed upon colonized countries.During that period of time, shipbuilding technology underwent significant development in Europe particularly with the change of wood material to steel and propulsion-by-sail to engine and propeller. But such development could not be experienced by Indonesian shipbuilding industry and the remained a backward industry producing wooden ship with their traditional building method.In the 19th and 20th century, modern steel shipbuilding industry was introduced to I ndonesia, but only by the establishment of shiprepairing yards, while building of new ship were executed in European shipyards. Educational institutions institutions in the field of shipbuilding technology were non-existent in Indonesia.World War IIDuring Japanese occupation of Indonesia in World War II (1942-1945), the Japanese military government, making use of the aboundant supply of teak wood on Java island, built hundreds of modern motorized wooden cargo ships of about 300-400 T size along the northern coast of Java island. Engines were produced at machinery factories in Central and East Java. The ships were used to carry logistic supply for their war machine and were sailing in For Eastern, South-east Asian and South-western Pacific war zones.During that time, a shipbuilding technical high school was established in Semarang, Central Java and this could be recorded as the first educational institution in modern shipbuilding technology in Indonesia.Since Independence in 19451945 - 1960After the national independence, proclaimed in 1945 and recognized in 1945 and recognized in 1949, some Indonesion nationals established a steel shipyard in 1951 (Carya Shipyard, Jakarta) and started to build steel ships up to 500 DWT size. Although this shipyard was small in size, the establishment was a milestone in the history of Indonesian Shipbuilding industry.In the years 1950-1955, many Indonesian students were sent to foreign countries to study science and technology, including modern naval architecture and marine engineering a.o. to Netherland, England, Germany, Sweden, Italy, Yugoslavia, Poland, Russia and Japan. The first group of graduates returned to Indonesia in 1957.1960-1990In 1960, due to Indonesia-Dutch political conflict, all Dutch companies, including dockyards, were nationalized by Indonesia government and become state companies.They were then modernized and additional facilities, machineries and equipment were fitted to make them possessing the capability to build new ships. Those companies were :• Dok Tanjung Priok, Jakarta (established in 1924)• Pakin Shipyard, Jakarta (established in 1924)• IPPA Shipyard, Jakarta, Cirebon (West Java), Semarang (Central Java) (established in 1926) • Dok Surabaya, Surabaya (establ ished in 1910)• Alir Menjaya Shipyard, Palembang (South Sumatra) (established in 1930)Since then, many new shipyards were established by the government and private sector as well;a..o.:• Menara Shipyard 1961, Tegal, Central Java (private)•Kapin Shipyard 1963, Jakarta (private), built under aid program from Yugoslav Government (the yard was later named Inggom shipyard by new management)• Koja Shipyard 1964, Jakarta (state)• Waiame Shipyard 1965, Ambon (state)• Adiguna Shipyard 1968, Jakarta (private)• Pelita Bahari Shipyard 1971, Jakarta (state)• Intan Sengkunyit Shipyard 1974, Palembang, South Sumatra (private)• Industri Kapal Indonesia (IKI Shipyard) 1977, Makasar, South Sulawesi & Bitung• Jasa Marine Indah (JMI Shipya r d) 1977, Semarang, Central Java (private)• Dumas Shipyard 1978, Surabaya (private)• Pabrik Kapal Indonesia (PAL Indonesia Shipyard) 1980, Surabaya (state)To meet the changing business situation and to upgrade capability to enter the internati onal market, in 1979 and 1992, the government reorganized by merging state shipyards and dockyards located in the western part of Indonesia (Pakin, Alir Menjaya, Koja, Dok Priok, Pelita Bahari (IPPA) into one company named Dok Kodja Bahari (DKB Shipyard). DKB Shipyard�s head office is in Jakarta with yards located in Sabang (North Sumatra), Padang (West Sumatra), Palembang (South Sumatra), Banjarmasin (South Kalimantan), Jakarta (4 yards), Cirebon (West Java) and Semarang (Central Java).PAL Indonesia Shi pyard was established on the former location of naval shipyard in Surabaya and wos designed to become the most advanced and modern shipyard in Indonesia, capable of building/repairing larger size merchant ships, naval vessels, special type ships and marine offshore structures. The shipyard was also planned to be engaged in the production of marine engines and machinery, equipment and components.Regional CooperationThe agreement between the government of Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore on joint regional development had established The SUORI (Singapore, Johar, Riau) Regional Development Area with special trade arrangement a.o. exemption of import fax & valve added fax. Since 1990, on Batam and Karimun islands of Indonesia, more than 20 joint venture and domestic shipyards were established, mostly affiliated with Singapore shipyards, Facilities include 60.000 T floating docks, 7.000 T synchrolift. Ships of up to 8.000 DWT had been built during the past years. It is expected that more facilities will be built in the near future. Main shipyards on Batam-Karimun island are :• Karimun Sembawang Dockyard• Batamex Shipyard• Pan United Shipyard• Batamas Shipyard• Nanindah ShipyardPlanning, Supervision & Support to the Shipbuilding Industry1957For the first time, Indonesia had a government department with a division in charge of planning and supervision of the shipbuilding industry e.g. the Shipbuilding Industry Division, Department of Shipping.The division was later fransferred to t he Department of Industry & Trade and is now under theDirectorate General of Basic Metal, Machinery, Electronic and Multivarious Industries.1960A Faculty of Ocean Engineering was founded at the Surabaya Institute of Technology and became the first higher educational institution in Indonesia for the study of naval architecture, marine engineering and marine offshore technology. In the years between 1960-1990, many state and private universities established their Faculties of Naval Architecture & Marine Engineering a.o. :• Pattimura University, Ambon (state)• Hasanuddin University, Makasar (state)• Hang Tuah University, Surabaya (private)• Aditama Institute of Technology, Surabaya (private)• Muhammadiyah University, Surabaya (private)• Veteran University, Jakarta (private)• Darma Persada University, Jakarta (private)• Diponegoro University, Semarang (state) 1964To survey and class the expanding Indonesia fleet, Indonesia foundled its own ship classification society named Biro Klasifikasi Indonesia (BKI). It was the first classification bureau in the Asean region. At present about 3.000.000 T of ships had been classed to BKI.1968Joint efforts were made to develop shipbuilding technology and industry in Indonesia to enhance the national development. Indonesia enterprises engaged in shipbuilding industry founded the marine industry association, named : Ikatan Perusahaan Industri Kapal dan Sarana Lepas Pantai Indonesia (Indonesia Shipbuilding & Offshore Industries Association), better known in Indonesia as (IPERINDO, IPERINDO's activities cover 4 sectors e.g. shipbuilding & repairing, production of marine-related material/machineries/equipment, marine off-shore structure construction and marine survey/inspection/consultancy service.1974To support and increase the stength of the Indonesia fleet, the government established a fleet development financing corporation called PT. Pengembangan Armada Niaga Nasional Multi Finance (National Merchant Fleet Development Multi Finance Corporation / PT. PANN MF) The Corporation has the task to extend financial assistance to shipping companies in acquiring new as well as second hand ships with easier terms of payment, giving priority and first choice in the building of new ships and repairing ships at domestic yards.Since its foundation PT. PANN MF had been in charge of building serial cargo and semi-container ships at domestic yards (6 units of 750 DWT, 3 units of 950 DWT and 32 units of3.600 DWT) At present, PT. PANN MF has a fleet of 60 ships, which were leased on a hire-purchase contract to shipping companies.1991To contibute to the development of shipbuilding and maritime technology, Indonesia experts, engineers and professionals founded the Himpunan Ahli Teknologi Maritim Indonesia/HATMI (The Society of Indonesian Maritime Engineers) which can be said to be equivalent to The Society of Naval Architects & Marine Engineers or SNAME in foreign countries. HATMI has now about 600 members.1995After about 8 years of preparatory works of design and construction, finally in 1995, Indonesia succeeded to inaugurate its shipbuilding experimental test tank and research center in Surabaya, East Java, named Laboratorium Hidrodinomika Indonesia/LHI (Indonesian Hydrodynamic Laboratory). LHI has the following facilities:• Towing tank test basin of 234.5 m length, 11 m width and 5.5 m depth• Cavitation tunnel of 18 m length and 12 m height• Maneuvering test basin of 60 x 35 m and 45 x 35 m• Ship model manufacturing shopLHI is the largest known hydrodynamic research laboratory in the southern hemisphere. It is hoped that LHI would contribute to the development of science and technology at national and international level, particularly in the shipbuilding field.。
航海英语 合集题库
航海英语烟囱是套管用于排气管的发动机1．——is a casing used for exhaust pipe from the engines．A.The funnel烟囱B.The messroomC.The galleyD.The satellite antenna人造卫星天线装置在塑料圆顶,用来预测天气. 2．——is housed in a plastic dome for weather protection．A.The funnelB.The messroomC.The galleyD.The satellite antenna人造卫星天线厨房是制作美味食物的地方.3．——is where delicious food is cooked.A.The funnelB.The messroomC.The galley厨房D.The satellite antenna食堂是全体船员用餐的地方4．——is where the crew eat their meals．A.The funnelB.The messroom食堂C.The galleyD.The satellite antenna锚是用来固定停泊的船只在海底, 使其不可挪动.5．——is used to moor the ship to the seabed to keep it stationary.A.The bulbous bowB.The anchor 锚C.The bow thrusterD.The propeller船鼻首是圆形水下部件, 位于船前部, 目的是制造更少的水摩擦力, 使船只可以更易于挪动.6．——is a round-shaped underwater part in the front of the ship. The purpose is to create less friction with water so that the ship movesmore easily.A.The bulbous bow 球鼻艏B.The anchorC.The bow thrusterD.The propeller船首推进器装置在船的前方, 位于水下，从而缓和泊位或往斜方向操纵时速度减慢。
英语单词
1. Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent is the American antelope, or pronghorn. 美洲羚羊，或称叉角羚，是该大陆典型的草原动物。
2. Of the millions who saw Haley’s comet in 1986, how many people will live long enough to see it return in the twenty-first century. 1986年看见哈雷慧星的千百万人当中，有多少人能够长寿到足以目睹它在二十一世纪的回归呢？3. Anthropologists have discovered that fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise are universally reflected in facial expressions.人类学家们已经发现，恐惧，快乐，悲伤和惊奇都会行之于色，这在全人类是共通的。
4. Because of its irritating effect on humans, the use of phenol as a general antiseptic has been largely discontinued. 由于苯酚对人体带有刺激性作用，它基本上已不再被当作常用的防腐剂了。
5. In group to remain in existence, a profit-making organization must, in the long run, produce something consumers consider useful or desirable.任何盈利组织若要生存，最终都必须生产出消费者可用或需要的产品。
6. The greater the population there is in a locality, the greater the need there is for water, transportation, and disposal of refuse. 一个地方的人口越多，其对水，交通和垃圾处理的需求就会越大。
孙中山的家乡-广东省香山县（今中山市）翠亨村
一、1、Cuiheng V illage of Xiangshan County, Guangdong Province, Dr. Sun Y at-sen’s birthplace.孙中山的家乡－广东省香山县（今中山市）翠亨村2、Dr. Sun Y at-sen’s self-designed residence at Cuiheng Village.孙中山设计的翠亨村住宅二、1、Former site of the Jinghu Hospital in Macao, where Dr. Sun Y at-sen used to work as a doctor.孙中山担任西医师的澳门镜湖医院旧址2、Former site of the Iolani School in Honolulu, U.S.A., where Dr. Sun Y at-sen studied when he was a young man.孙中山青年时期求学的美国檀香山意奥兰尼书院旧址三、Dr. Sun Y at-sen and his friends at the College of Medicine in Hong Kong in October 1888.1888年10月，孙中山在香港西医书院学习时与友人合影四、Dr. Sun Y at-sen (November 12, 1866—March 12, 1925) i n the year of 1883.1883年的孙中山（1866年11月12日——1925年3月12日）五、The place where the members of the Xingzhonghui (Reviving China Society), founded by Dr. Sun Y at-sen, took oaths with secrecy in November 1894, i n H onol ul u, U.S.A..1894年11月，孙中山在美国檀香山建立兴中会时会员秘密宣誓地六、Dr. Sun Y at-sen and his comrades when he was in exile in Japan.孙中山流亡日本时与同志合影七、Front cover of ―Kidnapped in London‖ written by Dr. Sun Y at-sen, English edition, 1897.孙中山所撰《伦敦蒙难记》1897年英文版封面八、The original English manuscript of ―The True Solution of the Chinese Question‖ by Dr. Sun Y at-sen in August 1904 in St. Louis, U.S.A..1904年8月，孙中山在美国圣路易撰写的《中国问题的真解决》英文手稿九、Dr. Sun Y at-sen in 1905 when he founded Tongmenghui(Alliance Society).1905年创立中国同盟会时的孙中山十、The program of Tongmenghui(Alliance Society) written by Dr. Sun Y at-sen.孙中山手书的中国同盟会纲领十一、1、A membership certificate issued by the San Francisco General Branch of Tongmenghui(Alliance Society).美洲中国同盟会会员证书2、Wanqing Garden, Dr. Sun Y at-sen’s residence in Singapore.孙中山在新加坡的寓所晚晴园十二、Min Bao (People’s Report), the official journal of Tongmenghui(Alli ance Soci ety).孙中山创立的革命组织同盟会机关报－民报十三、Dr. Sun Y at-sen issued bonds to raise funds for revolution.孙中山为筹集革命经费而发行的债券十四1、In May 1907, soldiers pledged resolution before setting off for the Huanggang Uprising led by Dr. Sun in Chaozhou, Guangdong Province.1907年5月，孙中山领导的广东潮州黄岗起义军誓师出发2、Dr. Sun’s residence in Pinang(now Malaysia) when he prepared for the revolution in November 1910.1910年11月，孙中山在南洋槟榔屿（今马来西亚）筹划革命时的住所十五、1、Dr. Sun Y at-sen solicited contributions from local Chinese in Calgary, Canada in February 19111911年2月，孙中山在加拿大卡尔加利筹款时与当地华侨合影2、The command of the Guangzhou Uprising led by Dr. Sun on A pri l 27, 1911.1911年4月27日，孙中山领导的广州起义指挥部旧址十六、1、Dr. Sun Y at-sen’s inscription for the Mausoleum of the 72 Martyrs at Huanghuagang.孙中山为广州黄花岗七十二烈士墓题词2、The Mausoleum of the 72 Martyrs at Huanghuagang, Guangdong Provinc e.广州黄花岗七十二烈士墓十七、1、Dr. Sun Y at-sen at a meeting in Chicago on May 3, 1911.1911年5月3日，孙中山在美国芝加哥与同志商讨革命事宜时合影2、In July 1911, Dr. Sun Y at-sen and the staff of the Fund Raising Bureau of the Chinese Revolutionary Army in San Francisco, U.S.A..1911年7月，孙中山在美国旧金山与中华革命军筹饷局成员合影十八、1、On October 10, 1911, local revolutionaries of Hubei Province started an armed uprising against the Qing government.1911年10月10日，湖北武昌革命党人发动反清起义2、On October 10, 1911, the military government of Hubei Province was established.1911年10月11日，湖北军政府在武昌成立十九、The Message to the World, drafted by Dr. Sun Y at-sen in London after the Revolution of 1911.1911年10月辛亥革命爆发后，孙中山在伦敦草拟的告世界书二十、On December 25, 1911, Dr. Sun Y at-sen arrived in Shanghai.1911年12月25日，孙中山回国抵达上海二十一、1、On December 29, 1911, Dr. Sun Y at-sen was elected Provisional President of the Republic of China by representatives from 17 provinces in Nanjing.1911年12月29日，十七省代表会议在南京选举孙中山为中华民国临时大总统2、On January 1, 1912, Dr. Sun Y at-sen left Shanghai for Nanjing to assume offic e.1912年1月1日，孙中山离开上海赴南京就职二十二、Dr. Sun Y at-sen as the Provisional President of the Republ i c of Chi na.中华民国临时大总统孙中山二十三、The oath of the Provisional President of the Republic of China.中华民国临时大总统誓词二十四、1、The declaration by the Provisional President of the Republic of China.中华民国临时大总统宣言书2、Residence of the Provisional President in Nanjing.南京临时大总统府二十五、On January 5, 1912, Dr. Sun Y at-sen presided over the first cabinet meeting of the interim government in Nanjing.1912年1月5日，孙中山主持南京临时政府第一次内阁会议二十六、1、Dr. Sun Y at-sen in the presidential residence.孙中山在临时大总统府留影2、The members of the Provisional Parliament which was founded in Nanjing on January 28, 1912.1912年1月28日，南京临时参议院成立合影二十七、1、Dr. Sun Y at-sen attended the memorial meeting for those who lost their lives for the Revolution of 1911.孙中山参加辛亥革命死难烈士追悼会2、On April 1, 1912, Dr. Sun Y at-sen resigned his position as Provisional President.1912年4月1日，临时大总统解职典礼后合影二十八、Dr. Sun Y at-sen at the Zhangjiakou Railway Station.孙中山在张家口火车站二十九、Dr. Sun Y at-sen paid his respects to Qiu Jin(November 15, 1877—July 15, 1907) at her tomb in Hangzhou.孙中山在杭州奠祭秋瑾烈士墓时合影（秋瑾，1877.11.15――1907.7.15）三十、1、Dr. Sun Y at-sen visited the Kawasaki Shipyard in Japan.孙中山参观日本川崎造船所2、Dr. Sun Y at-sen was warmly welcome by citizens at Qianmen Street in Beijing.孙中山在北京前门大街受到市民的欢迎三十一、1、On March 20, 1913, Song Jiaoren(April 5, 1882—March 22, 1913), the acting director of the KMT was assassinated by an agent of Y uan Shikai(September 16, 1859—June 6, 1916) at the Shanghai Railway Station. Astonished at the news, Dr. Sun discussed with Huang Xing(October 25, 1874—October 31, 1916) and others about launching the war agai nst Y uan.1913年3月，孙中山在上海与黄兴等商讨因宋教仁遇刺而起之讨伐袁世凯问题（黄兴，1874.10.25――1916.10.31）（宋教仁，1882.4.5――1913.3.22）（袁世凯，1859.9.16――1916.6.6）2、The position of the anti-Y uan forces as the Second Revolution broke out in July 1913.1913年7月，二次革命爆发后的讨袁军炮兵阵地三十二、1、In August 1913, Dr. Sun Y at-sen was on his way to Japan after the Second Revolution failed.1913年8月，孙中山在二次革命失败后乘轮流亡日本途中2、On July 8, 1914, Dr. Sun founded the Chinese Revoluti onary Party i n Tokyo.1914年7月8日，孙中山领导的中华革命党在东京成立三十三、1、The pledge for joining the Chinese Revolutionary Party.加入中华革命党誓约2、Membership card of the Chinese Revolutionary Party.中华革命党党证三十四、1、Dr. Sun Y at-sen and Mme Soong Ching Ling(January 27, 1893—May 29, 1981) at their wedding in Tokyo on October 25, 1915.1915年10月25日，孙中山与宋庆龄在东京结婚合影（宋庆龄，1893.1.27――1981.5.29）2、The marriage certificate of Dr. Sun Y at-sen and Mme Soong Chi ng Li ng.孙中山与宋庆龄结婚誓约书三十五、Anti-Y uan Shikai Manifesto issued by Dr. Sun Y at-sen in December 1915 upon Y uan’s proclaiming himself Emperor.1915年12月，孙中山发表讨伐袁世凯称帝的宣言三十六、On April 9, 1916, Dr. Sun Y at-sen and his friends were at the celebration after Y uan Shikai was forced to rescind the imperial monarchy.1916年4月9日，孙中山与友人在日本庆祝帝制取消合影三十七、As the warlord Duan Qirui (March 6, 1865—November 2, 1936) abolished the Provisional Constitution, Dr. Sun Y at-sen launched the Campaign to Uphold the Provisional Constitution On July 17, 1917 in Guangzhou.1917年7月17日，孙中山为反对段祺瑞毁弃临时约法而在广州宣布护法时留影（段祺瑞1865.3.6——1936.11.2）三十八、1、In August 1916, Dr. Sun Y at-sen and some members of the Parliament in Shanghai.1916年8月，孙中山与国会议员在上海合影2、On September 10, 1917, Dr. Sun Y at-sen was inaugurated Generalissimo of the Army and the Navy of the Republic of China.1917年9月10日，孙中山在广州就任中华民国军政府海陆军大元帅三十九、Dr. Sun Y at-sen, the Generalissimo of the military government of the Republic of China.中华民国军政府大元帅孙中山四十、The military government of the Republic of China.中华民国军政府四十一、Being indignant at the monopoly within the military government by warlords, Dr. Sun Y at-sen left Guangzhou for Shanghai in June 26, 1918.1918年6月，孙中山愤于军阀把持军政府而离广州到上海时留影四十二、1、The patriotic May 4th Movement against imperialism and feudalism broke out in Beijing in 1919.1919年5月4日，北京爆发反帝爱国的五四运动2、On May 5, 1921, Dr. Sun Y at-sen was inaugurated as Extraordinary President of the Republic of China in Guangzhou.1921年5月5日，孙中山在广州就任中华民国非常大总统四十三、Dr. Sun Y at-sen’s handwriting (One).孙中山墨迹1四十四、Dr. Sun Y at-sen’s handwriting (Two).孙中山墨迹2四十五、In December 1921, Dr. Sun Y at-sen set up the general headquarters of the Northern Expeditionary Army in Guiling, Guangxi Province.1921年12月，孙中山在广西桂林设立北伐大本营四十六、Dr. Sun Y at-sen inspected a position of the Northern Expeditionary Army in Shaoguan, Guangdong Province.孙中山视察广东韶关北伐军阵地四十七、1、On June 16, 1922, Dr. Sun Y at-sen boarded the Y ongfeng Warship, where he commanded to put down the rebellion by warlord Chen Jiongming (January 13, 1878—September 22, 1933).1922年6月16日，孙中山反击陈炯明叛乱的指挥部－永丰舰（陈炯明，1878.1.13――1933.9.22）2、Dr. Sun Y at-sen and Mme Soong Ching Ling on the Y ongfeng Warship in August 1923.1923年8月，孙中山与宋庆龄等在永丰舰合影四十八、In February 1923, Dr. Sun Y at-sen inspected the troops at the east drill ground in Guangzhou.1923年2月，孙中山返回广州后在东校场检阅军四十九、1、On the Fei’e Mountain, Dr. Sun Y at-sen shelled the Huizhou rebel army in person.孙中山在飞鹅岭亲自发炮轰击惠州叛军2、Dr. Sun Y at-sen commanded in the front line in Huizhou.孙中山在惠州前线指挥作战五十、Dr. Sun Y at-sen and Mme Soong Ching Ling in front of the first aircraft assembled in China, summer, 1923.1923年夏，孙中山与宋庆龄在中国第一架自行装配的飞机前留影五十一、Dr. Sun’s residence in Shanghai, where he discussed with his fellows about the restructuring of the KMT.孙中山与同志讨论国民党改组问题的上海寓所五十二、Declaration of Restructuring the KMT and the draft Party Program.中国国民党改组宣言及党纲草案五十三、1、In January 1924, Dr. Sun Y at-sen delivered a school-opening speech at the first session of the general assembly of the KMT.1924年1月，孙中山在中国国民党一大致开幕词2、People from all walks of life paraded the streets in Guangzhou in support of the restructuring of the KMT and the cooperation between the KMT and the Communist Party.广州各界群众游行，拥护国民党改组与国共合作五十四、1、On February 24, 1924, Dr. Sun Y at-sen attended the memorial meeting for Vladimir Lenin(April 22, 1870—January 21, 1924) in Guangzhou.1924年2月24日，孙中山参加国民党在广州举行的追悼列宁大会（列宁1870.4.22——1924.1.21）2、The Whampoa Military Academy in Guangzhou founded by Dr. Sun Y at-sen.孙中山在广州创办的陆军军官学校（黄埔军校）校址五十五、On June 16, 1924, Dr. Sun Y at-sen honored the opening ceremony of the Whampoa Military Academy.1924年6月16日，孙中山主持黄埔军校开学典礼五十六、Dr. Sun Y at-sen inspected the cadets of the Whampoa Military Academy.孙中山检阅黄埔军校学员五十七、On November 7, 1924, Dr. Sun attended the meeting in Guangzhou in celebration of the 7th anniversary of the victory of the October Revolution in Russia.1924年11月7日，孙中山出席广州庆祝苏联十月革命胜利七周年大会五十八、Dr. Sun Y at-sen and Mme Soong Ching Ling headed for Beijing in November 1924.1924年11月孙中山与宋庆龄在北上途中五十九、1、Dr. Sun Y at-sen inspected troops in Guangdong.孙中山巡视广东各军2、On December 31, 1924, Dr. Sun Y at-sen was greeted by Beijing citizens in front of the Tiananmen Gate.1924年12月31日，北京民众在天安门前欢迎孙中山六十、1、Dr. Sun Y at-sen died of liver cancer in Beijing on March 12, 1925.1925年3月12日，孙中山在北京逝世2、Dr. Sun Y at-sen’s will.孙中山遗嘱六十一、1、Mme Soong Ching Ling and Sun Ke in the mourning hall (Sun Ke, son of Dr. Sun, October 20, 1891 – September 13, 1973).宋庆龄与孙科在孙中山行辕灵堂（孙科，孙中山之子，1891年10月20日——1973年9月13日）2、The masses mourned the loss of Dr. Sun Y at-sen in front of the U ni on H ospi tal.北京民众在协和医院门前哀悼孙中山六十二、On April 2 1925, Dr. Sun Y at-sen’s coffin was moved to the Biyun Temple for temporary rest. Hundreds of thousands of people stood along the streets to pay their respect while the coffin was moved through the Xidan Archway.1925年4月2日，北京民众哀送孙中山灵柩移往碧云寺暂厝途中经过西单牌楼时情形六十三、Upon the death of Dr. Sun, the KMT flew its flag at half-mast on the Altar to the God of Land and Grain, central park, Beijing.国民党在北京中央公园社稷坛为孙中山降半旗致哀六十四、Mme Soong Ching Ling kept vigil beside Dr. Sun’s coffin in the Bi yun Templ e.宋庆龄在北京碧云寺为孙中山守灵六十五、1、Memorial services for Dr. Sun held by overseas Chinese and American friends in New Y ork City.纽约华侨与美国友人悼念孙中山2、On June 1, 1929, Dr. Su Y at-sen’s coffin was moved into Zhongshan Mausoleum in Nanjing.1929年6月1日，孙中山灵柩移入南京中山陵六十六、1、In March 1938, Mao Zedong (December 26, 1893—September 9, 1976) addressed the meeting in commemoration of the 13th anniversary of Dr. Sun Y at-sen’s death i n Y an’an.1938年3月，毛泽东等在延安纪念孙中山逝世十三周年大会上（毛泽东，1893.12.26——1976.9.9）2、A meeting on the occasion of the 90th birthday of Dr. Sun Y at-sen was held in Beijing in November 1956.1956年11月，北京举行孙中山诞辰九十周年纪念大会六十七、1、Zhou Enlai (March 5, 1898—January 8, 1976), He Xiangning (July 16, 1879—September 1, 1972), Shen Junru (January 2, 1875—June 11, 1963) and many others paid their respects to Dr. Sun Y at-sen in the Zhongshan Memorial Hall of the Biyun Temple in Beijing.周恩来、何香凝、沈钧儒等参谒北京碧云寺中山纪念堂（周恩来，1898.3.5——1976.1.8 、沈钧儒，1875.1.2——1963.6.11、何香凝，1879.7.16――1972.9.1）2、Zhou Enlai delivered a speech at the celebration on the 100th anniversary of Dr. Sun Y at-sen’s birthday.周恩来在孙中山诞辰一百周年纪念大会上讲话六十八、Mme Soong Ching Ling made remarks at the celebration on the 100th anniversary of Dr. Sun Y at-sen’s birthday.宋庆龄在孙中山诞辰一百周年纪念大会上讲话六十九、Jiang Zemin (August 17, 1926 -–present) addressed the celebration on the 130th anniversary of Dr. Sun Y at-sen’s birthday.江泽民在孙中山诞辰130周年纪念大会上讲话（江泽民，1926.8.17——）七十、1、On April 27, 2005, Lian Zhan (August 27, 1936—present), Chairman of the KMT, paid his homage at Dr. Sun Y at-sen’s Mausoleum in Nanjing.2005年4月27日，中国国民党主席连战拜谒中山陵（连战：1936.8.27——）2、Dr. Sun Y at-sen’s portrait in the Tian’anmen Square.天安门广场挂出孙中山画像。
Book1unit4writing
more than...伤亡的人数多达…… 4．All of the...were gone.所有的……都被摧毁了。 5．All hope was not lost.并不是所有的希望都破灭了。 6．Soon after the quake, ...sent...to help...震后不久，……派
出……来帮助……
亮点点评： 1．使用了大量的现在分词，如句①用了四个并列的现在分
词短语作结果状语，在同一句中连续点出了地震后造成的几种 后果，使得句子结构简练，信息丰富；句⑤中的现在分词作目 的状语，阐述了灾后救援情况；句⑥中的现在分词则作后置定 语，点明了灾后救援的意义。
2．使用了被动语态，使文章有变化和层次感，如句③。 3．使用了过去分词作后置定语，如句②④。
技巧点拨
描述地震等自然灾害时，要首先给出读者最关心、最重要 的信息，即地震等自然灾害发生的时间、地点、造成的伤亡情 况、波及范围等等，宜用凝练的语言首先进行概括。然后对所 知的灾害发生时的具体情况进行描述，还需要向读者告知救援 情况，最后是灾害的最终结果。一般可以分为三段，即：开头 概括→具体过程→救援与结果。因为是描述已发生的事件，时 态多用一般过去时。
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
话题解读
航海安全英语作文
航海安全英语作文Maritime safety is a critical aspect of the shipping industry, ensuring the protection of life, property, and theenvironment at sea. The importance of English in this context cannot be overstated, as it is the lingua franca of international maritime communication. Here are some keypoints to consider when writing an essay on maritime safety:1. Understanding the International Maritime Organization (IMO): The IMO sets the standards for maritime safety and security. Discuss the role of the IMO in establishing international conventions like SOLAS (Safety of Life at Sea) and MARPOL (Marine Pollution).2. Navigational Safety: Highlight the importance of navigational aids and equipment such as GPS, radar, and electronic charts. Discuss how these tools help in avoiding collisions and groundings.3. Safety Management Systems (SMS): Explain how SMS is a key component of a ship's safety plan. It includes procedures for emergency response, training, and drills to ensure the crewis prepared for various scenarios.4. Lifesaving Equipment: Describe the types of life-saving equipment on board ships, such as lifeboats, life rafts, and lifejackets. Emphasize the necessity of regular maintenance and drills to ensure their functionality.5. Piracy and Armed Robbery at Sea: Discuss the threats posed by piracy and armed robbery, and how ships can take measuresto protect themselves, such as employing private security teams and following best management practices.6. Environmental Protection: Address the impact of maritime activities on the environment, including oil spills and pollution. Discuss regulations that aim to minimize these risks, such as the use of double hulls and ballast water management plans.7. Training and Certification: Emphasize the importance of proper training and certification for seafarers. Discuss the role of training in ensuring that crew members are competentin their duties and capable of responding to emergencies.8. Emergency Response: Detail the steps taken in an emergency response plan, from initial detection to evacuation procedures. Highlight the importance of clear communication and coordination in such situations.9. Crew Welfare: Discuss the importance of maintaining a healthy and safe working environment for the crew. This includes providing adequate living conditions, medical facilities, and recreational activities.10. Technology and Innovation: Explore how technological advancements, such as autonomous vessels and remotemonitoring systems, are shaping the future of maritime safety.In conclusion, maritime safety is a multifaceted issue that requires a combination of international cooperation, technological innovation, and a strong commitment to training and preparedness. By focusing on these areas, the maritime industry can continue to ensure the safe and efficient transport of goods and people across the world's oceans.。
GMDSS英语(笔试类)
GMDSS 通信英语GMDSS常用缩写词一.英文缩写词1. ACK 收妥承认2. AMVER 自动互助船舶救助系统3. ARS 自动重复请求4. CCIR 国际无线电咨询委员会5. CES 海岸地球站6. CRS 海岸无线电台7. CSS 海面搜寻协调员8. DSC 数字选择呼叫9. DTE 数据终端设备10. EGC 增强群呼11. ELT 急示位发信机12. EPIRB 紧急无线电示位标13. FEC 前向纠错14. GMDSS 全球海上遇险和安全系统15. GPS 全球定位系统16. IMN 国际海事卫星移动号码17. IMO 国际海事组织18. INMARSAT 国际海事卫星19. IRS 信息接受机20. ISS 信息发送台21. ITU 国际电信联盟22. LES 陆地地球站23. LUT 本地用户终端24. MCC 任务控制中心25. MES 移动地球站26. MID 海上识别数字27. MMSI 海上移动业务识别28. MRCC 海上救助协调中心29. MRSC 海上救助分中心30. MSC 海上安全委员会31. MSI 海上安全数字32. NA VTEX 航警电传33. NCC 网络协调中心34. NCS 网络协调站35. NBDP 窄带直接印子电报36. OSC 现场指挥37. RCC 救助协调中心38. SAR 搜寻与救助39. SART 搜救雷达应答器40. SES 船舶地球站41. SOLAS 国际海上人命安全公约42. SPOS 搜救联络点43. SRR 搜救区44. SSB 单边带45. UTC 世界协调时46. VDU 视频显示单元47. VHF 甚高频48. WMO 世界气象组织49. WWNWS 世界航行警告业务50. OCC 运行控制中心51. MERSAR 商船搜救手册52. ALT—W 向西改向53. M/V 内燃机船54. MAX 最大55. NM 海里56. ASM 海上维修57. ID 识别58. FW 淡水59. COMSAT 通信卫星60. HP 马力61. AOR—E 大西洋东区62. AOR—W 大西洋西区63. ETA 预计抵港时间64. ETD 预计离港时间65. CCITT 国际电报电话咨询委员会66. CFM 确认67. DESTN 目的港68. DL Y 延迟69. DWT 总载重70. FAX 传真71. FEC 前线纠错72. FOC 免费73. GMT 格林尼治74. GRT 总登记吨位75. IHO 国际水道检测组织76. IRO 印度洋区77. LOA 总长78. MERSAR 商船救助手册79. NA V AREA 航警区域80. NTM 航海通告81. POR 太平洋区82. STCW 国际海员培训.发证和值班标准公约83. VLCC 超大型油轮84. USCG 美国海岸警卫队85. MF 中频86. HF 高频87. TGT 总吨位88. AFTN 自动固定电信网络89. WT 无线电报90. WH 无线电话91. PTT 邮局, 电报, 电话92. CPU 中央处理单元93. A.C 交流电94. D.C 直流电95. A.M 上午96. P.M 下午97. B/L 提单98. EXP 出口99. RPM 每分钟转速二.单选题1. _____is a generic term meaning, as the case may be uncertainty phase, alert phase or distress phase.A. Emergency phaseB. Distress phaseC. Alert phaseD. Uncertainty phase2.When apprtaching the SAR scene, ships should make full use of any radio direction finding facilities to______and to locate any transmissions from EIPIRB.A. findB. searchC. homeD.transmit3. It is important that_____for indicating the position of ships in distress or survivsl craft should be properly used.A. communication methodsB. signaling methodsC. rockets and hand flaresD. All are right4. The broadcast of MSI will be made_______A. continuouslyB. on terrestrial communication systemC. on satellite communication systemD.bothB and C5. The INMARSAT space segment consists of the satellite and support facilities operated by INMARSAT.these satellites_______A. are‘t movingB. are stationaryC. are in geostationary orbitsD. are in the polarts6. _______is an area within the radiotelephone coverage of at least one VHF coast station in which continuous DSC alerting is avable.A. Sea areaA1B. Sea area A2C. Sea area A3D. Sea area A47. ________is an area, excluding area A1, within the radiotelephone coverage of at lest one MF coast station in which continous DSC alerting is available.A. Sea areaA1B. Sea area A2C. Sea area A3D. Sea area A48. ________ is an area excluding area A1 and A2, within the coverage of an INMARSAT geostationary satellite in which continuous alerting is available.A. Sea areaA1B. Sea area A2C. Sea area A3D. Sea area A49. _________is safety communication between ships from the possition from which the ships are normally navigated.A. VHF communicationB. MF communicationC. INMARSAT communicationD. Bridge-to –bridge communication10. _______includes navigational and meterorological warnings, meteorological forecasts andother urgent safety related messages broadcast to ships.A. Distress trafficB. Urgency communicationC.Public crrespondenceD. Maritime Safety Information11. ______is a unit responsible for promoting efficient organization of SAR services and for coordinating the conduct of SAR operations with a SAR region.A. NCCB.RCCC. NSCD. LUT12. _______is a radiocommunication service in which transmissions are intended for direnct reception by the general public.A. Receiving service.B. AM serviceC. FM serviceD.Broadcasting service13. ________is a satellite-aided SAR system based on low-altitude near polar orbiting satellites and designed to locate distress beacons transmiting on the frequencies 121.5MHz and 406MHz.A. GPS systemB. INMARSAT systemC. NNSS systemD. COSPAS-SARSAT system14. ________is the coordinate broadcast and automatic reception on 518kHz of MSI be means of NBDP using the English Language.A. International NA VTEXB. N ational NA VTEXC. Broadcast of MSI reception of MSID. HF MSI Broadcast15. MCC is the abbreviation for Mission_______CentreA. CorrectionB. CertificateC. ControlD. Calling16. IDD is the abbreviation for International_____Dialing.A. DataB. CeneralC. DirectD. Distress17. The letter G in GMDSS is the abbreviation for the word______A. GlobalB. GeneralC. GroundD. Group18. The second letter S in SSB is abbreviation for the word____.A. SingleB. SideC. ShipyardD. Safety19. D/F is the abbreviation for Direction/_________A. FindingB. FoundC. FindD. Fist20. EEC is the abbreviation for Forward________Correction.A. EastB. ErrorC. EarthD. Easy21. The world wide navigational______service,is a coordinate golobe service for the boradcast by radio of vital information on hazzards to marine navigation.A. WeatherB. WatchC. WarningD. Wire22. VDU is the abbreviation for Visual______Unit.A. DateB. DirectC. DigitalD. Display23. The distress alert may also contain information regarding the_______the type of assistance required, the course and speed of the ship and the time at which the information was recorded.A.nation of distressB. series of distressC. degree of distressD. nature of distress24. Choice of HF bands will depend on the position of the ship in distress, the geographical.area to be alerted and current_______.A. communication congestionB. day and night characteristicsC. propagation characteristicsD. equipment conditions25. In gmdss, MSI broadcasts will be make on two_______which provide near continuous automated reception on board ships.A. dedicated systemsB. associated systemsC. different systemsD. equipment conditions26. The coverage area for a satellite difined as the area on earth‘s suface within which_______dan be made with the sasellilte.A. line of sight communicationB. servce commmunication.C. two-way communicationD. locating singnal27. The service of MSI provides a combined news broadcast suitable fpr________in allprincipal waters of The globe.A.a vesselB.some vesselsC.all shipsD.some specific ships28.Before an INMARSAT-A SES can be used in the INMARSAT system ,it must have been pro—perly ____.A.fixed and triedB.performed and confirmedC.observeyed and surveyedD.installed and commissioned29.COSPAS—SARSAT consists of ____satellites in polar orbit and a network of earth sattions.A.aB.a few ofC.4D.a constellation of30.Distress beacons transmit signals that are detected by COSPAS—SARSAT spacecraft in _____.A.polar orbit Bgeostationary orbit C.equator D.clouds31.Every ship,while at sea,____maintain continuous watch on VHF DSC channel 70.A.willB./C.shallD.should32.The appropriate certificate related to the GMDSS _____by the adminisration concerned.A.is soldB.is given or allowedC.is kept and editedD.issued or recongnized33.The communication arrangements are designed to enable distress alerting to be performed in____directions in all sea areas .A.oneB.twoC.threeD.four34.The SART should provied a ____indication of its correct operation and also inform the survivors when it is interrongated by radar.A.visualB.audibleC.smellingD.A or B35.Warnings arae transmitted at specified times and remain in force ____the information is valid .A.so thatB.even ifC.as long asD.other than36.DSC willf form the basis for distress alering and safety calling .The abbreviation DSC means _____.A.Distress safety ContorB.Difficult Standard CommunicationC.Digital Selective CalllingD.Different System Communication37.The_____is the nerve center of INMARSAT system,and it is located in the INMARSAT headquarters‘building in London.A.SESB.CESC.OCCD.NCS38.The_____consists of two part:the above deck equipment(ADE)and the below deck equipment(BDE0.A.SESB.CESC.OCCD.NCS39.The term_____es included in the generic name Land Earth Station(LES),which applies to earth stations used for either maritime or land-based communication.A.SESB.CESC.MESD.RCC40.Technical code(B1 B2 B3 B4)in NA VTEX appears in the _____A.starting of each messageB.ending of each messageC.preamble of each messageD.framework of each message41.In technical code(B1 B2 B3 B4),the_____is a single unique letter which is allocated to eachmessage transmitter.A.B1B.B2C.B3B4D.B1B242.Each ship station has its own unique_______MMSI which is included automatically in each DSC call.A.4-digitB.5-digitC.7-digitD.9-digit43.The_____respoonsible for controlling a SAR operation shall also coordinate the distress trafficA.NCSB.CESC.OCCD.RCC44.The urgency traffic shall be sent only on the authority of the_______responsible for the mobile unit.A.chief engineerB.masterC.duty officer Dtelegrapher45.There are at pressent three types of beacons,namely ELTs.EPIRBs_____is usually used on board ship.A.ELTsB.EPIRBsC.PLBsD.GPS46.On range of VHF,those transmitters and receivers within radio sight _____automatically guarantee that an acceptable signal will be received at the pointA./B.doC.don‘tD.does not47.The GMDSS will be fully implemented in ____,when except for a few remaining stations,use of Morse radiotelegraphy by ships will cease.A.1995B.1999C.2001D.201048.____is the Automatic Repetition request which is used in NBDP mode.A.FECB.SELCALLC.ARQD.RC49.____is napid and successful reporting of a distree incident to a unit which can provide or coordinate assistance.A.distress channelB.disteress alertingC.distress callD.distress priority50.All ship,according to the requirement for radiocommunication under _____,should be fitted with rediotelephone equipment.A.STCWB.IMOC.SOLASD.MARPOL51.Although satelites will play an important role in the GMDSS ,they will not completely replace the _____.A.Global systemB.SignalingC.Terresrial systemD.Transmiting sistem52.The GMDSS includes three sub-systems:INMARSAT system,COSPAS—sysetm, COSPAS—SARSAT system and _____.A.GPSB..Singnaling systemC.Terrestrial systemD.DSC system53.Coastal vessls will only have to carryminimal equipment if they do not operate beyondThe range of shore-based_____radio station.A.VHFB.MFC.HFD.UHF54.The transimssion of a _____ordicates that a ship is in distress and requires immediate assistance.A.urgent trafficB.distrdss alertC.routine rtafficD.safety traffic55.The satellites of INMARSAT are placed in a _____5700km over the major ocean regions.A.polar orbitB.geostationary orbitC.the Milsy wayD.the Moon56.A ses can communicate via that satelite with any CES that is also poined at _____.A.The same directionB.the MoonC.THE SAME SATELITED.the other satelite57.for ship equepped equepped with an INMARSAT SES ,sending a distress alrt is _____.A.both special and slowB.both complex and certainC.both general and giantD.both simple and certain58.There are based currently on ____operational regions,each with its own operational satellite, Will back—up satellite in the event of failure.A.TWOB.threeC.fourD.five59.One of the shortcomings of the using radio is that waves travel in _____A.curveB.threeC.fourD.five60.The present INMARSAT system isn‘t available in _____A.ahantic oceanB.Pacific oceanC.India ocean regionD.North polar ocean region61.for distess traffic by radiotelephony,call shall be _____by the distress signal MAYDAY.A.suffixedB.prefixedC.behind ofD.in the front62.____is commonly used in distress communication if it is not occupied by a distress message.A.channel 06B.Channel 12C.Channel 16D.channel 0863.when using VHF ,the users should avoid ____signals.A.necessaryB.importantC.superfluousD.sound64._____equipment may achieve bridge-to-bridge communication?A.HSDB.HFC.VHFD.LF65.A distress signal transmitted form from which EPIRB is relayed by an INMARSAT satelite to CESs?A.A-band EPIRBsB.L-band EPIRBsC.C-band EPIRBsD.406Mhz EPIRBs66.The Sart is required to have sufficient battery capacity to operate in the stand-by mode for what period of time?A.eighth hoursB.three daysC.four daysD.forty-eight hours67.The ships operate in all sea areas must carry _____equipment.A.VHFB.MFC.HFD.satellite EPIRB68._____is not available in the INMARSAT system.A.Automatic callingB.radiotelephoneC.direct-printingD.forty-eight hours69._____is not available in the INMARSAT system.A.DSCB.Direct-printing radiotelegraphyC.safetyNET MSID.HF MSI70.THE distrdss available in the VHF,MF and HF terrestrial systems.A.the recorder dateB.course and speed of the ship or call sign of the ships of the crew members71.The functional requirement of the GMDSS include transmitting and receiving_____distress alerts.A.ship to shipB.ship to shoreC.shore to shipD.A,Band C72.The _____provide the link between the satellits serve as NCSs.A.SESsB.CESsC.OCCsD.CSSs73.The COSPAS-SARSAT system is available to _____.A.Canada onlyB.the former USSR and USAC.ChinaD.all countries74.The _____small have absolute priority over all other messages.A.navigational warningB.medical messageC.urgency messageD.distress call75.The GMDSS can make sure the promulgation of distress alert in _____directions.A.5B.4C.3D.276.Coastal area of China lies in NA V AERA _____A.6B.8C.11D.1677.International NAVTEX must be carried out in_____A.ChineseB.englishC.spanishD.german78.Each radiotelegram should be transmitted_____by the sending station.A.twice a dayB.once onlyC.as many times as possbleD.continuously79.Every ship while at sea,shall be capable of transmitting those as listed below except_____A.ship to ship distress alertsB.shore to shoip distressC.ship to shore distress alertsD.on-scene communication80._____is used for locating of the ship or survival craft by searching ships and aircraft whe near the distress position.A.VHF equipmentB.NA VTEX equipmentC.SARTD.EPIRB equipment81.The equipment required to be carried to be carried by a ship will be detemined by the ships_____A.area of operationB.sizeC.SARTD.EPIRB equipment82.For commuications between a coast station and a ship station,the _____shall finally decide frequency or channel to be used.A.station calledB.calling stationC.coast stationD.ship station83.On hearing an urgent singnal,every sation shall take care_____mterfere with transmission of the message which follows it.A.do notB.toC.mustn‘tD.not to84.The equipments of the GMDSS required on a ship depend on _____in which they operate.A.its TGTB.its engine typeC.its trade areasD.its work condition85.Distress alert shall be addressed to _____you may reach.A.A mobile stationB.a coast stationC.a particular stationD.all the mobile and coast station86.All stations hearing the distress alert shall listen alert communication until they are satified that Message is _____to themA.of much concermedB.of no concernC.in relationD.directly related87.The EGC receiver will be dedicated to the EGC function which ensures a high probability of receipt of _____messages.A.ship-to-shipB.ship-to-shoreC.shore-to-shipD.shore-to-shore88.The FEC mode is for _____from_____station to two or more other stations when available.A.receiving messages/one coastB.transmission/one coast or shipmuicating/one shipD.contacting/other89.The EPIRBs should be mounted_____to be protected from harmful condintion.A.at a regular placeB.anywhere on boardC.at the higher place on the vesselD.in one hold90._____has the right to decide the msi ransmission charges.A.National telecommunication department and the CES relatedB.ITUC.WMOD.Inertnationalbuling and settlement bank91.If the suddenly sunk or the distress destroyed the radio station _____should be mainly used.A.the INMARSAT SEXB.the DSCC.the EPIRBD.the SART92.IMO in co-operation with IHE established the WWNYS for _____.A.the INMARSAT SESB.the co-ordination and broadcast of navigation warningC.the co-ordination of meteorological reportD.all are right93.It was in____that the first ship was fitted with radio.A.1899B.1912C.1914D.190694.When sailing in sea area A2 ships will carry_____.A.VHFB.MFC.EPERBD.A,BandC are required95.The contribution by the _____was crucial to the develolpment of the GMDSS.A.IMOB.WMOC.ITUD.INMARSAT96.Standard-CSESs cannot be used for _____.A.telephone communicationB.telex communicationsC.date serviceD.elecrtonic mail services97.On-scene communication are normally made on _____distress and safety frequency/ies.A.VHFB.MFC.HFD.VHF and MF98.The ERIRB signals processed by a LUT may relayed to the following units EXCEPT____.A.RCCB.MCCC.SAR authorrityD.NCC99.Which equipment of ships can connect COSPAS-SARSAT system?A.DSCB.SSBC.ERIRBD.NCC100.The MSI will be promulgated ______A.from shipsB.from shoresC.from both ships and shoresD.to coast stations101.The SOLAS vessles in coastal waters shall use ____to receive MSI.A.HF direct-printing telegraphyB.INMARSAT Safety NETC.NAVTXED.VHF DSC102.The DSC is a selective call,by which message canbe sent to_____.A .all station B. groups of stations C. a special ship station D. all are right103 .international NA VTEX service is provided to broadcast automatically receive MSI on the frequency_____A.500KHzB.518KHz.C.156.525MHz D 2187.5KHz.104 You are-------ship. You should go to assist the vessel on fireA. a close.B. the nearest C .a near D. a more nearer.105.156.8MHz frequency belongs to channel-------A 2 B. 6 C. 8 D 16106-------will apply to those ships which recive MSI.A Basic chargesB Some chargesC No chargesD Many charges107 there are---------NCSs of INMARSAT in total,one in each ocean region.A2 B 4 C 6 D 16108--------will carry an equipment for receiving broadcasts of MSI.A. Ships of 1600tgt and upwards B All shipsC All passenger ships D. All cargo ships.109 You can receive MSI broadcast via-------in the GMDSS.A NA VTEX receiverB INMARSAT SafetyNET serviceC HF radiotelephone with NBDP terminal D. A B or C110.The GMDSS will provide MSI to ======A all maritime enterprisesB all shipsC all ships in navigationD all mobile units111.A NA VTEX receiver receives MSI broadcast from --------A all coast stationsB all coast earth stationgC all coast stations and ship staionsD only NA VTEX stations112.in GMDSS,----------is usually used for receiving the MSI sent from coast stations.A.MF/HF radiotelephone B MF/HF radiotelephone with NBDP.C.MF/HF radiotelephone with DSC.D.MF/HF radiotelegraph.113.if you want to establish the call in the INMARSA T,you shall select the coast earth station---------A.which must be in the same ocean region that you are currently using.B.which must be in the por or iorC.which must belong to Chinese or have the good relationship with chinaD.which must be in western European waters.114.mariner should pay much attention in the overlapped area owing to -------------plicated circumstances.B.changeabale atmospheric pressureC strong unwanted signals D.the most powerful radio115.why are some stations asked to keep silence?A they are not in the distress trafficB they will affect the transmission of distress trafficC they are not responsible for serch and rescueD their powerful radio116.For communication between two stations the-------mode should be used when availableA.ARQB.FECC.SEL-CALLD.EGC117.The services provided by each station open to public correspondence shall be indicated in-------together with information on charging.A the newspapersB the marine magazinesC the list of coast stationsD the list of coast stations and list of ship stations 118.the EPIRB should be mounted ------to be protected from harmful conditionsA at a regularB the marine magazinesC the list of coast stationsD in one of the holds119.the COSPAS-SARSAT is primarily used for -------A transmitting MSI to vessels at seaB two-way communication between ships and coast stationsC improving communications in Polar Regions and non-polar regionsD search and rescue120.INMARSAT is an organization-----A which provides advanced terrestrial radiocommunicationsB which provides advances terrestrial radiocommunecationsC which provides a land radio systemD which manages the maritime radio traffic121.On receipt of a distress alert, the SARunits ashore and at sea will-------as soon as possibleA reach the distress areaB have a sector searchC report to the IMOD coordinate the sear and rescue operation122.It is a feature of the satellite communications that reception is not generally affected by-----A the position of the shipB atmospheric conditionsC the time of the dayD A,BandC123.Because the earth is curvy the reception that reception is not generally affected by-------A the position of the shipB atmospheric conditionsC the time of the dayD A,Band C124.When available ,we should use -----mode for transmissions from one coast or ship station to two or more other stations.A ARQB EGC C FECD R3E125.SOLAS ships should be fitted with a maritime VHF installation and, where practicable, maintain watch on -----A 2 channelB 4 channelC 8 channelD 16 channel 126.Vessels in distress shall indicate -----by any methodA their positionB their nameC their call signs or other identificationsD A,B,C127.The Chapter IV of SOLAS Convention is regarding the------A teams and definitionsB applicationC radiocommumicationsD exemptione128.The relaying of a distress alert from an RCC to ships in the vicinity of a distress incident will be made by______.A.satellite communicationB.terrestrial communicationsC.AorBD.AandB129.Vessels which have received the relay distress alert have their responsibility to ------A proceed to the distress area soonestB keep a lookout for the vessel in distressC keep in touch with the relevant rccD contact with the nearest coast staion 130.In the GMDSS , MSI will be sent on two dedicated systems, namely the INMARSAT safetyNET and ----A DSCB EPIRBC NA VTEXD VHF131.------allows the SAR party to locate the ship in distress by using 9GHz radarA EPIRB B SARTC VHED D/F132.Iin global mode, a EPIRB will emits the ship ignal by using =--------A 121.5MHzB 406MHzC 9GHzD 156.8MHz133 For communications using a telephone channel, off-peak rates are usually -----than peak ratesA higherB lowerC expensiveD slow134.The off-peak rate is not available for ------A telephone communicationB voice-band data serviceC telex communicationD facsimile calls135.--------generally the transmission of a specific message in one direction onlyA a distress alertB distress trafficC safety trafficD transmitting messages136.A principal aim of the gmdss Is to guarantee that SOLAS vessels will be able to------A communication with a shore station at any timeB communication with a shore station from any locationC exchange safety informationD A,B,C137 In distress , the distress messages may be transmitted by -------A a float-free EPIRB B an INMARSAT SES.C a radiotelephone with a DSC terminalD all suitable methods138.The international NA VTEX service transmits MSI on 518KHz by means of NBDP telegraphy using -----A ChineseB EnglishC languages as decided by the administrations concernedD the signal of communication139.The intenational NA VTEX service transmits MSI on 518KHz by means of NBDP telegraphy usingA highestB lowestC lowerD higher140.When possible,the_____transmitter power necessary for satisfactory communications is required.A,highest B,lowest C.lower D.higher141.Radio system ------more than 90 years agoA has been used at seaB was inventedC came into use at seaD has saved tens of thousands of persons142.When calling a VHF coast station operating on more than one channel,a ship station calling on a working channel should include the number of_____.A.all channel of coast stationB.all channels of ship stationC,that channel in the call D.that channel using for distress,urgency and safety traffic. 143.When searching a survival craft using a 9GHz radar, -------may result in reception at greater distanceA flat calmB thick fogC high sea wavesD no swell144.For maximum range of reception performance an unobstructed mounting of SART------requiredA as high as possibleB as low as possibleC as flat as possibleD as stable as possible145.All the distress message should be preceded by ------A PAN PANB SECURITEC MAYDAYD HELLO146.------is the final place of a distress call/message routed toA CESB NCSC the country where the distress was locatedD RCC 147.The COSPAS-SARSAT is used forA distress alertingB locating distress beaconC storing distress signalD A,B 148.Distress and safety communications rely on the use of______A.terrestrial radio communicationsB.satellite communicationsC.Morse telegraphyD.A and B149.The urgency signal consists of the words -----A PAN PANB SECURITEC MAYDAYD HELLO150.When you begin to transmit a distress message you shall push the button ----save on the plateA. EDIT B .SEND C. DIS D. SA VE151.All the urgency message should be preceded by ----A. PAN PAN B .SECURITE C. MAYDAY D. HELLO152.All the safty message should be preceded by -----------A. PAN PAN B .SECURITE C .MAYDAY D .HELLO153.The ITU Radio Regulations require service of every ship radio telephone station shall be controlled by ----------。
探险家对中国和世界的意义英语作文
探险家对中国和世界的意义英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Explorers: Bold Adventurers Who Opened New HorizonsHave you ever dreamed of going on a grand adventure? Of setting foot where no one has gone before and discovering uncharted lands? That's what explorers do! They are the daring trailblazers who brave the unknown to uncover the mysteries of our fascinating world. Without their curiosity and courage, our understanding of the planet would be so limited.Ever since ancient times, explorers have played a pivotal role in shaping human civilization. They ventured into the great unknown, driven by an insatiable thirst for knowledge and a yearning to push the boundaries of what was known. Picture mighty explorers like Zheng He, the famous Chinese admiral who led grand voyages across oceans in the 15th century. His gigantic treasure ships carried precious goods, but more importantly, they carried the spirit of exploration that connected civilizations and expanded our worldview.Explorers are like detectives, piecing together clues about our planet's secrets. Take the intrepid duo of Robert Falcon Scott and Roald Amundsen, who raced to be the first to reach the South Pole in the early 1900s. Their expeditions faced unimaginable hardships—freezing temperatures, treacherous terrain, and the constant threat of starvation. Yet, their perseverance unveiled invaluable insights into the Antarctic, laying the foundation for future scientific discoveries.But exploration isn't just about conquering physical frontiers; it's also about broadening our cultural horizons. Think of the legendary Marco Polo, whose daring journey along the Silk Road introduced Europe to the wonders of China and the East. His tales sparked a newfound fascination with distant lands, inspiring future generations to embark on their own odysseys ofcross-cultural exchange.Even today, modern-day explorers continue to push the boundaries of human knowledge. From venturing into the deepest ocean trenches to scaling the highest mountain peaks, their exploits ignite our imaginations and remind us of the vastness of our world. They unravel geological marvels, uncover ancient civilizations, and expand our understanding of the natural world.Perhaps most importantly, explorers inspire us to embrace our innate sense of curiosity and adventure. Their tales of daring feats and remarkable discoveries remind us that the world is a canvas waiting to be explored, a tapestry of wonders waiting to be unraveled. They encourage us to step out of our comfort zones, to seek out new experiences, and to never stop learning.Explorers have an enduring impact that transcends borders and cultures. Their legacies live on in the maps we use, the artifacts we study, and the stories we share with wide-eyed wonder. They remind us that the world is a vast and mysterious place, brimming with untold treasures and secrets just waiting to be uncovered.So, the next time you gaze up at the stars or ponder a distant horizon, remember the explorers who dared to go where few have gone before. Their bold spirit paved the way for our modern understanding of the world, and their fearless pursuit of knowledge continues to inspire us to reach for the unknown.篇2The Importance of Explorers to China and the WorldHi there! My name is Lily and I'm a 4th grader. Today I want to tell you all about why explorers are so important, not just forChina but for the whole world. Explorers are people who go on adventures to discover new places that no one has ever been before. They are super brave and curious people!Let me start by talking about some of the most famous explorers from Chinese history. One of the earliest was Zheng He, who lived over 600 years ago during the Ming Dynasty. Zheng He led a huge fleet of ships all the way from China to the east coast of Africa and many places in between. Can you imagine sailing across the entire Indian Ocean back in the 1400s? That's incredible!Zheng He's voyages helped open up maritime trade routes between China, Southeast Asia, India, Arabia, and eastern Africa. His ships brought back valuable goods like precious gems, exotic plants and animals, and new technologies. But maybe most importantly, Zheng He's journeys connected China with civilizations across the Indian Ocean, helping increase understanding between different peoples and cultures.Another awesome Chinese explorer was Xu Xiake, who traveled over 60,000 miles across China and other parts of Asia in the 1600s. Xu Xiake was a true adventurer - he climbed treacherous mountain peaks, crossed raging rivers, and survived encounters with bandits and wild animals! He kept very detailedjournals describing all the places he visited, the plants and animals he saw, and the local customs of the people he met. Xu Xiake's writings gave people back home in China a window into lands and cultures they had never known about before.More recently in the 1900s, there was the explorer Xu Xingzhi who climbed extremely high and dangerous peaks in western China like K2 and Gasherbrum II. Xu Xingzhi was one of the first people ever to reach the summits of some of these colossal mountains. Her feats of climbing made her a national hero in China and helped inspire a new generation of Chinese mountaineers and adventurers.Those were just a few examples of legendary Chinese explorers from different eras. But of course, there have been countless other intrepid explorers from all around the world who made amazing journeys and discoveries over the centuries. Like the Vikings who bravely sailed across the North Atlantic from Scandinavia to establish settlements in places like Iceland, Greenland, and possibly even North America. Or Leif Erikson, who is believed to be the first European to reach the continent of North America around the year 1000 AD, almost 500 years before Christopher Columbus got there.Speaking of Columbus, he was of course one of the most well-known European explorers of all time. In 1492, Columbus' voyage across the Atlantic led to the first sustained contact between the Old World of Europe and the Americas. This completely changed the course of world history, allowing for the exchange of people, crops, animals, diseases, technologies, and cultures across both sides of the Atlantic.There were also brave explorers like Vasco da Gama who in 1498 became the first European to reach India by sea, establishing a maritime route from Europe that enabled the spice trade. And Ferdinand Magellan, who in 1519 set out from Spain to try to circumnavigate the globe. Though Magellan himself died in the Philippines during the journey, his crew eventually made it all the way around the world, proving once and for all that the Earth was round!In more recent times, explorers pushed into Earth's final frontiers like the North and South Poles. People like Robert Peary and Matthew Henson who may have been the first to reach the North Pole in 1909. And Roald Amundsen who led the first expedition to reach the South Pole in 1911, beating his rival Robert Falcon Scott. Talk about adventurous! Those early polarexplorers faced unimaginably harsh conditions, danger, and privation in their quests to conquer the ends of the Earth.But exploring isn't just about traveling to remote places on land or sea. There are so many other frontiers that brave explorers have ventured into as well. Like Jacques Cousteau, who used innovative diving equipment and underwater vehicles to explore and document the wonders of the oceans like no one before him. Or the astronauts of NASA who have traveled into the depths of outer space to walk on the moon and pilot spacecraft throughout our solar system and beyond.So what's the big deal about all these explorers, you may ask? Why does any of it matter? Well, I think explorers have always been super important for helping us understand our world better. Their journeys into uncharted lands and seas allowed the countries and civilizations they came from to gain new geographical knowledge. Their encounters with different peoples and cultures expanded human understanding and brought societies into greater contact and communication with each other.Explorers have brought back invaluable scientific data about the natural world, from documenting new plant and animal species, to better mapping the contours of the lands and oceans.Many of the conveniences and technologies we take for granted today were only made possible because of the efforts of explorers centuries ago who expanded the reach of global trade and exchange of ideas.Maybe most importantly though, the drive to explore represents one of the most admirable aspects of the human spirit - our innate sense of curiosity and our yearning to push beyond boundaries into the unknown. The urge to explore is part of what makes our species great. It embodies humanity's restless pursuit of knowledge, our refusal to be limited by the familiar and conventional. Explorers personify virtues like bravery, determination, and a thirst for adventure that can inspire us all.As a kid, I think it's so cool to read about explorers like Zheng He, Xu Xiake, Columbus, Amundsen and the rest who ventured into uncharted realms and unknown horizons with eyes open to whatever wonders and perils lay in wait. Their exploits fire up my imagination and make me want to be an explorer too someday! Whether it's traveling to far-off places on our planet, venturing out into the vast mysteries of space, or pushing the boundaries of knowledge and technology in radical new ways, the human journey of exploration is far from over. There is still so much out there left to discover.So those are just some of the reasons why I think explorers past and present have been so important, not just for the countries they came from, but for the world as a whole. By mapping the continents and seas, establishing global trade routes, and bridging the gap between different cultures and societies, the great explorers changed our understanding of the planet forever. Their achievements expanded the frontiers of human knowledge and fueled our species' drive to seek out the unknown. For adding to the common treasures of human civilization itself, we owe the explorers a huge debt of gratitude. They truly are heroes who deserve our respect and admiration.Okay, that's all I've got for you today! Exploring sure is super amazing and important. I hope you learned a lot from my essay. Let me know if you have any other questions! Until next time, over and out from Lily the Explorer-in-Training!篇3The Importance of Explorers to China and the WorldHi there! My name is Xiao Ming and I'm in 5th grade. Today, my teacher asked us to write about the importance of explorers to China and the whole world. I think this is a really cool topic because explorers are like real-life superheroes who go onamazing adventures to discover new lands and learn about different cultures. Let me tell you all about it!First off, what exactly is an explorer? An explorer is someone who travels to places that are unknown or little-known, in order to learn more about them. Throughout history, there have been many famous explorers from all over the world who went on incredible journeys and made groundbreaking discoveries.Some of the most well-known explorers from China include Zheng He, an explorer from the Ming Dynasty who led voyages across the Indian Ocean in the early 1400s. His huge fleet of ships, known as the "Treasure Ships", sailed all the way to the east coast of Africa! Can you imagine how mind-blowing that must have been back then? Zheng He's journeys helped open up maritime trade routes between China and other parts of the world.Another famous Chinese explorer was Xu Xiake, who traveled over 60,000 kilometers across China in the 1600s, documenting his adventures through detailed journals and sketches. His writings gave people back home a glimpse into different regions, cultures, and geographical wonders they had never seen before. Pretty neat, right?But explorers aren't just important to China - they've changed the entire world! Think about Christopher Columbus, who was trying to find a sea route from Europe to Asia when he accidentally stumbled upon the Americas in 1492. His voyage kicked off an age of exploration from Europe that led to the mapping of the New World and first interactions between Europeans and Native Americans.Or what about Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin, the first people to walk on the moon in 1969? Their historic space mission as part of the Apollo 11 crew was like the ultimate exploration, venturing into the unknown frontier of space. It was a giant leap for all humanity!Through their daring adventures and curiosity about our planet and beyond, explorers have made countless important contributions. They've discovered new lands, opened up trade routes, mapped the globe, studied different cultures, found valuable resources, collected samples of exotic plants and animals, and expanded human knowledge immensely.Their explorations have led to a deeper understanding of geography, enabled the spread of ideas and technology across civilizations, and allowed people to learn about the wonderful diversity of our world's societies and environments. Manymodern cities, roads, and industries might not exist today without the foundations laid by early explores.But exploring unknown territories isn't easy - it takes incredible bravery, determination and perseverance. Explorers had to overcome things like harsh climates, rugged landscapes, hostile encounters, disease, starvation, getting lost, and so much more. Many sadly didn't make it back home. Their stories show us the importance of courage, resilience and pushing the limits of what's possible.Exploration has also inspired others to pursue their own dreams of adventure and discovery. When I was little, I remember learning about explorers in school and being so amazed by their daring deeds. It sparked my imagination and made me curious to go see the world myself one day. Who knows, maybe I'll become an explorer too when I grow up - a space explorer!These days, there are still so many places on Earth and in the cosmos left to explore, from hostile environments like the Arctic to mysteriousplanets and galaxies in the depths of space. Modern-day explorers rely on advanced technology like satellites, robotics, and deep-sea submersibles to blaze new trails of exploration.Exploring isn't just about checking places off a map, though. It's about quenching humanity's thirst for new knowledge and understanding. It's about appreciating the beauty and diversity of life on our planet. It's about pushing the boundaries of what we're capable of. It's about discovering ourselves.That's why explorers from long ago all the way to today are SO important. They've helped connect the world through their discoveries and brave acts of curiosity. They've shown us that incredible wonders are possible when we embrace the unknown instead of fearing it. And they've inspired generations of others to keep exploring too!I hope you've enjoyed learning about the crucial role explorers have played for China and the entire globe. They are the real-life heroes who ventured into the unknown to make the world we know today a much bigger, fuller place. Keep exploring, and who knows what amazing things you might discover or where your journey will take you? The next big adventure awaits!。
iarrivedinpenanginmalaysia全文解析 -回复
iarrivedinpenanginmalaysia全文解析-回复I arrived in Penang, Malaysia with excitement and anticipation. The journey to this beautiful island was long but worth it. As I stepped off the plane, the warm tropical air engulfed me and I knew I was in for a treat.Penang, often referred to as the "Pearl of the Orient," is a vibrant and culturally diverse place. Located on the northwest coast of Malaysia, it is known for its rich history, delicious street food, and stunning landscapes. The island is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site, recognized for its unique architecture and heritage.After collecting my luggage, I made my way to my accommodation in George Town, the capital of Penang. George Town is a charming and bustling city, with a melting pot of cultures. As I walked through the narrow streets, I was captivated by the beautifully restored colonial buildings, Chinese shophouses, and Indian temples that lined the streets.One of the highlights of my visit to Penang was exploring the street food scene. Penang is famous for its diverse and mouthwatering culinary offerings. From fragrant laksa noodles to crispy roti canai,there was never a shortage of options. I made it my mission to try as many local dishes as possible, and each one exceeded my expectations.In addition to the food, Penang is also home to numerous cultural and historical sites. One of the must-visit places is the Kek Lok Si Temple, the largest Buddhist temple in Southeast Asia. Its striking architecture and breathtaking views make it a popular attraction for locals and tourists alike. Another place of interest is the Pinang Peranakan Mansion, which showcases the lavish lifestyle of the Peranakan community in the past.During my stay, I also took the opportunity to explore the natural beauty of the island. Penang Hill was a must-visit for its panoramic views of the city and surrounding areas. I took the funicular railway up to the peak, where I was rewarded with sweeping vistas of lush greenery and the sparkling sea below. The Botanic Gardens were another highlight, with their serene atmosphere and impressive collection of flora and fauna.Penang is not just about the city life and natural attractions; it is also a place to relax and unwind. I spent a day lounging on thepristine beaches, soaking up the sun and cooling off in the crystal-clear waters. The laid-back island vibes were exactly what I needed to recharge and rejuvenate.As my time in Penang came to an end, I reflected on the incredible experiences I had during my visit. The blend of cultures, delicious food, historical sites, and natural beauty truly made it a destination like no other. I left with a deeper appreciation for Malaysia's diverse heritage and a desire to return someday.In conclusion, my arrival in Penang was the beginning of a memorable journey. From exploring the streets of George Town to indulging in the mouthwatering street food, and immersing myself in the island's rich history and natural beauty, every moment was filled with wonder and awe. Penang, with its vibrant culture and warm hospitality, left a lasting impression on me, and I cannot wait to return and create more lasting memories.。
海运的不利因素英语作文
海运的不利因素英语作文Shipping, as a means of transportation, is subject to various unfavorable factors. Firstly, the unpredictable weather conditions can pose a significant challenge to maritime transportation. Storms, heavy rain, and strong winds can lead to delays and disruptions in shipping schedules, causing inconvenience and additional costs for both shippers and receivers.Moreover, the threat of piracy in certain regions is a major concern for the shipping industry. Pirates often target large cargo vessels, hijacking them and holding the crew and cargo hostage for ransom. This not only poses a risk to the safety of the crew but also results infinancial losses for the shipping companies.In addition, the high cost of fuel can be a significant disadvantage for maritime transportation. As ships rely heavily on fuel for propulsion, any fluctuations in fuel prices can have a direct impact on the operating costs ofshipping companies. This can lead to increased freight rates, making shipping less competitive compared to other modes of transportation.Furthermore, the strict regulations and compliance requirements imposed by international maritime organizations and national authorities can add complexity and administrative burden to shipping operations. Vessels are required to adhere to safety, security, and environmental standards, which can result in additional paperwork, inspections, and costs for shipowners and operators.Lastly, the risk of accidents and collisions at sea is a constant concern for the shipping industry. Despite advanced navigation systems and safety measures, the vastness of the oceans and the sheer volume of maritime traffic make it challenging to avoid accidents. Any mishap can result in loss of life, environmental damage, and financial repercussions for the parties involved.。
关于马航的英语作文
关于马航的英语作文On March 8, 2014, the world was shocked by the disappearance of Malaysia Airlines Flight MH370. The Boeing 777 aircraft, carrying 239 passengers and crew, vanished en route from Kuala Lumpur to Beijing. The incident sparked a massive international search and rescue operation, which remains one of the largest in aviation history.The flight was scheduled to take off at 00:41 local time, but due to a late departure, it actually left at 01:41. The plane was expected to land in Beijing at 06:30. However, at 01:20, air traffic control in Subang, Malaysia, lost contact with the aircraft. The last communication from the plane was a routine "all right, good night" from the co-pilot.The search for MH370 spanned across several countries and involved multiple agencies. Satellite data and radar information suggested that the plane had deviated from its intended flight path. It was later determined that theaircraft had turned back towards the west and flew across the Indian Ocean. Despite extensive efforts, no confirmed debris from the plane was found for over a year.In July 2015, a wing part known as a flaperon washed up on the French island of Réunion in the Indian Ocean. This was the first piece of debris confirmed to be from MH370. Over time, more debris was found along the coasts of Africa and the Indian Ocean, providing further evidence of the plane'sfate.The investigation into the disappearance of MH370 has been ongoing. While theories abound, ranging from mechanicalfailure to pilot error, and even hijacking or sabotage, the exact cause remains unknown. The lack of concrete evidencehas left the families of the passengers and crew without closure, and the aviation community with unanswered questions.The tragedy of MH370 has prompted a reevaluation of airtraffic control systems and the need for real-time trackingof aircraft. It has also highlighted the importance of international cooperation in times of crisis.As the search for answers continues, the story of MH370serves as a stark reminder of the complexities and challenges of modern aviation. It is a poignant example of how, despite technological advancements, there are still mysteries that elude us, and the human cost of such events is immeasurable.。
造船厂中英文安全培训教材
造船厂中英文安全培训教材Shipyard Safety Training ManualChapter 1: Introduction to Shipyard Safety1.1 Importance of Safety in Shipyard OperationsSafety is of utmost importance in shipyard operations. As shipyards involve various complex and hazardous activities, it is essential to prioritize safety to protect the well-being of workers and prevent accidents that may result in injuries or fatalities. This training manual aims to provide comprehensive guidance on safety protocols and procedures to ensure a safe working environment in shipyards.1.2 Legal and Regulatory FrameworkShipyard safety is governed by a range of laws, regulations, and industry standards. It is crucial for all shipyard workers to be familiar with these requirements to ensure compliance and mitigate risks. Some important regulations include:- Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)- International Maritime Organization (IMO) regulations- Local jurisdiction regulations on workplace safetyChapter 2: Identifying Hazards2.1 Hazard RecognitionA major aspect of ensuring safety in shipyards is the ability to identify potential hazards. By recognizing workplace hazards, workers can take necessary precautions to prevent accidents. Hazards commonly found in shipyards include:- Confined spaces- Hazardous materials- Working at heights- Noise and vibration- Machinery and equipment2.2 Hazard AssessmentOnce hazards are identified, a thorough risk assessment should be conducted to evaluate the severity and likelihood of accidents or incidents. This assessment helps prioritize safety measures and implement appropriate controls. Risk assessment techniques commonly used in shipyards include:- Job Safety Analysis (JSA)- Hazard and Operability Studies (HAZOP)Chapter 3: Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and Safety Procedures3.1 Personal Protective EquipmentPersonal Protective Equipment (PPE) plays a vital role in minimizing the risk of injuries in shipyards. It is necessary to provide appropriate PPE to workers based on the hazards they may encounter. Common types of PPE in shipyard operations include:- Safety helmets- Safety glasses- Protective footwear- Respiratory protection- Hearing protection3.2 Safety Procedures and Safe Work PracticesTo ensure safety on the shipyard premises, it is crucial to develop and implement robust safety procedures. These procedures should cover various aspects, including:- Safe work permits- Lockout/Tagout procedures- Fire prevention and response- Confined space entry protocols- Material handling and lifting operationsChapter 4: Emergency Preparedness4.1 Emergency Response PlansHaving well-defined emergency response plans is critical for shipyards. These plans should outline procedures for responding to various emergencies, such as fires, chemical spills, and medical emergencies. Workers must be familiar with evacuation routes, assembly points, and communication protocols in case of emergencies.4.2 Training and DrillsRegular training and drills are essential to ensure that workers are prepared to handle emergencies effectively. Training sessions should cover topics such as first aid, fire extinguisher usage, and emergency evacuation procedures. Drills should be conducted periodically to test the effectiveness of emergency response plans.Chapter 5: Safety Culture and Continuous Improvement5.1 Safety Leadership and AccountabilityEstablishing a strong safety culture starts with effective safety leadership and accountability. Management should lead by example, demonstrating a commitment to safety and providing necessary resources for safety initiatives. Workers should also be encouraged to actively participate in safety programs and report any safety concerns promptly.5.2 Incident Investigation and Lessons LearnedIn the event of an accident or incident, a thorough investigation must be conducted. The purpose is to identify the root causes and implement preventive measures to avoid similar incidents in the future. Sharing the lessons learned with all workers helps create awareness and continuously improve safety performance.ConclusionThis shipyard safety training manual provides a comprehensive guide to ensure safety in shipyard operations. By understanding the importance of safety, identifying hazards and implementing appropriate safety measures,we can create a safe and secure working environment in shipyards. Remember, safety is everyone's responsibility, and together we can prevent accidents and protect lives.。
船舶拥挤英语作文高级
船舶拥挤英语作文高级In recent years, the maritime industry has witnessed a surgein vessel congestion, posing significant challenges to global trade and the environment. This essay delves into the causes, consequences, and potential solutions for this growing problem.Firstly, the primary cause of vessel congestion can be attributed to the rapid expansion of global trade, which has led to an increase in the number of ships traversing theworld's oceans. The demand for faster delivery times has also resulted in a concentration of vessels at major shipping hubs, causing bottlenecks and delays.The consequences of vessel congestion are multifaceted. Economically, it leads to increased costs for shipping companies due to idle time and the need for additional manpower to manage the backlog. Environmentally, the idlingof ships contributes to higher emissions, exacerbating the issue of climate change. Moreover, congestion can lead to supply chain disruptions, affecting the availability and pricing of goods in the market.Addressing vessel congestion requires a multifaceted approach. Technological advancements, such as the implementation of smart shipping systems, can help optimize routing and scheduling to reduce wait times in ports. Additionally, the construction of new port facilities and the expansion ofexisting ones can alleviate pressure on congested areas.Regulatory measures also play a crucial role. Governments and international bodies could introduce policies to manage the flow of vessels more effectively. This could include incentives for off-peak shipping or penalties for ships that do not adhere to efficient scheduling practices.Furthermore, the promotion of slow steaming, where vessels travel at reduced speeds to save fuel and reduce emissions, can also help mitigate congestion. This practice, however, must be balanced with the need for timely deliveries.In conclusion, vessel congestion is a complex issue that affects the efficiency and sustainability of maritime transport. A combination of technological innovation, infrastructure development, and regulatory oversight is necessary to navigate towards a more streamlined and environmentally friendly future for the shipping industry.。
马来西亚帕西古当港
马来西亚帕西古当（PASIR GUDANG -Johor）港帕西古当（PASIR GUDANG -Johor)：1°6'N 103°54'E。
位置：柔佛港（Johor Port）在帕西古当（PASIR GUDANG），柔佛（Johor）位于马来西亚半岛南端，在柔佛海峡（Johor Straits）东部海岸，新山-柔佛巴鲁（Johor Bahru）东部约20 n.m，为州首府。
海图：BA No.2585。
港界：由下列连线内区域组成：a) 从Tanjung Datuk 最南端海角或Tanjung Penyusup，Lat.01°22.20'N,Long.104°17.05'E 到b) Lat.01°19.28'N,Long.104°15.78'E 到c) Lat.01°17.82'N,Long.104°07.43'E 到d) Lat.01°18.31'N,Long.104°06.78'E 由此到下列马来西亚领海界限东向岸线柔佛（Johor）堤道东部转向位置a)，包括柔佛河(Johor River)一直到大桥，新山-柔佛巴鲁（Johor Bahru）到Kota Tinggi 公路穿过河流，并且所有其他可航河流和支流流入这些水域和所有码头、突堤、卸货场所和其他相似场所，无论是否在高潮线和岸线高潮线45.72 m 内任何部分，都应该尊重私人财产的权利。
文件：海关：2份武器和弹药清单2份船员物品申报1份麻醉品清单2份储备品清单，仅需按照船舶格式填写，无港口特别格式。
海关登轮官员也要求完整正确的船舶储备品所有应纳税烟酒的陈述，陈述一式两份，表格由登轮官员提供，详细说明持有的应纳税物品数量：a) 在船舶仓库、酒吧和商店b) 高级船员和船员物品。
马航英语作文
马航英语作文Malaysia Airlines Flight 370, often referred to as MH370, was a tragic incident that occurred on March 8, 2014. The flight was en route from Kuala Lumpur International Airport to Beijing Capital International Airport when it mysteriously vanished. The disappearance of MH370 led to a massive international search and rescue operation, which is still ongoing. Here is a sample English composition on the subject:The Unresolved Mystery of MH370On a fateful night in March 2014, the world was shocked by the news of a missing commercial aircraft. Malaysia Airlines Flight 370, a Boeing 777, was carrying 239 passengers and crew members from Kuala Lumpur to Beijing. The flight disappeared from radar screens shortly after takeoff, and no one has been able to locate it since.The disappearance of MH370 sparked one of the largest search operations in aviation history. Countries from around the world joined forces to scour the vast expanses of the Indian Ocean for any signs of the missing plane. Despite the extensive efforts, the plane's whereabouts remain unknown, leaving the families of the passengers and crew in a state of perpetual uncertainty.Theories about the cause of the disappearance range from mechanical failure to hijacking, but none have been substantiated. The lack of concrete evidence has led to speculation and conspiracy theories, further complicating the situation. The absence of a definitive explanation has also raised concerns about the safety and security of air travel.The MH370 incident has had a profound impact on the aviation industry. It has prompted a reevaluation of tracking systems and the need for real-time flight monitoring. It has also highlighted the importance of communication and transparency in the face of a crisis.As the search for MH370 continues, it serves as a stark reminder of the fragility of life and the need for constant vigilance in the skies. The hope remains that one day, the mystery will be solved, and closure can be brought to those who have been deeply affected by this tragedy.This composition aims to provide a concise overview of the MH370 incident, its impact, and the ongoing search for answers. It is intended to be informative and reflective, encouraging readers to consider the broader implications of the event.。
马航 英语作文
As a Malaysian citizen, the tragic incident of Malaysia Airlines Flight MH370 and MH17 has deeply impacted our nation and its people. These two incidents have not only brought immense grief and sorrow to the families and loved ones of the passengers and crew on board, but also raised numerous questions and concerns about airline safety and security. In this essay, I will discuss the events surrounding these two flights, the responses of the Malaysian government and Malaysia Airlines, as well as the impact of these tragedies on the country and its people.
The impact of the MH370 and MH17 tragedies extends far beyond the aviation industry. They have left an indelible mark on the collective psyche of the Malaysian people, stirring feelings of grief, anger, and disbelief. The families and loved ones of the victims continue to grapple with the trauma of their loss, seeking closure and justice amidst the ongoing search for answers. At the same time, the nation as a whole has been forced to confront difficult questions about accountability, transparency, and the human cost of air travel.
郑和英语作文
Zheng He,a renowned Chinese explorer and admiral,is celebrated for his seven epic voyages during the early15th century.His journeys,which spanned from1405to1433, were not only remarkable for their scale and reach but also for the cultural and economic exchanges they facilitated.Early Life and Background:Zheng He was born into a Muslim family in Yunnan,China,and was originally named Ma Sanbao.He was captured by the Ming army during the campaign to unify China and was later castrated and made a eunuch,serving in the imperial court.His intelligence and loyalty earned him a promotion to the position of admiral.The Voyages:Zheng Hes voyages were a testament to the Ming Dynastys naval prowess and ambition. He commanded a fleet of more than300ships and27,000crew members on his first voyage,which included diplomats,soldiers,merchants,and sailors.The fleet set sail from Liujiagang and made its way to the Indian Ocean,visiting over30countries and regions,including presentday Indonesia,Malaysia,Thailand,India,and Arabia.Cultural and Economic Impact:Zheng Hes expeditions were not just military or exploratory they were also aimed at establishing trade relations and spreading Chinese culture.The fleet brought with it silk, porcelain,and tea,which were exchanged for exotic goods such as spices,jewels,and medicinal herbs.These voyages helped to establish China as a major player in international trade and diplomacy.Technological Achievements:The ships used by Zheng He,known as treasure ships,were the largest wooden vessels of their time,measuring up to400feet in length.The advanced shipbuilding techniques and navigational skills of the Chinese at that time were instrumental in the success of these voyages.Legacy and Significance:Zheng Hes voyages predate European oceanic exploration by more than half a century. His journeys are a symbol of Chinas openness to the world and its desire for peaceful exchange.Today,Zheng He is remembered not only for his navigational achievements but also for promoting cultural understanding and fostering international relations. Contemporary Relevance:In the modern era,Zheng Hes legacy continues to inspire.His voyages are often cited as an example of Chinas historical engagement with the world,and they serve as a reminderof the importance of exploration and cultural exchange in fostering global understanding and cooperation.In conclusion,Zheng Hes voyages represent a significant chapter in the history of exploration and international relations.His journeys were a demonstration of Chinas naval capabilities,cultural influence,and commitment to peaceful and prosperous interactions with other nations.。
马航语法填空(Linda)
• Malaysia Airlines have already spoken to the families of the passengers and crew to inform them of this development.
我们将在明天举行新闻发布会，发布更多 相关细节。同时，我们希望能尽可能早地 通知大家这一最新进展。
• We share this information out of a commitment to openness and respect for the families, two principles which have guided this investigation.
根据他们的最新分析，Inmarsat和AAIB 得出结论，MH370航班最后沿南部走廊 飞行，最后位置是印度洋中部海域， 位于珀斯西面。
This is a remote location , far from _________ possible landing sites . It is any therefore with deep sadness and regret that I must inform you that, according to this new data,
语法填空（15分）
看句子成分：1.划线前后； 2.找主语，谓语，连词
1.做完语法填空后要检查，注意文章的意思 以及句与句之间的意思。
PM NAJIB RAZAK'S Press Statement on MH370
This evening I ____________ was briefed (brief) by representatives from the UK Air Accident They Investigation Branch (AAIB). __________ informed me that Inmarsat, the UK company that provided the satellite data which indicated the northern and southern ______ corridors , has been performing further calculations on the data.
高中英语真题-多名美国议员抨击马来政府搜救不力
高中英语真题:多名美国议员抨击马来政府搜救不力Several U.S. lawmakers on Sunday panned the Malaysian gove rnment's role in the search for Airlines Flight 370, accusing the Malaysians of withhol ding information and bungling the crucial early days of the sear ch.多名美国议员23日抨击了马来西亚政府在搜寻马来西亚航空公司MH370航班过程中的失误，指责马方隐瞒信息，贻误时机。
"I think across the board people are looking for more in the way of openness from the Malaysian government in terms of sharing the information they have in a timely manner," said Rep. Patric k Meehan, R-Pa., on CNN.He cited reports of "frustration" among officials about their level of coordination with their Malaysian counterparts."We're invited in only a little bit," he said.Rep. Michael McCaul, R-Texas, who chairs the House Homeland Security Committee, s aid the Malaysian government squandered（浪费） the early days of the search looking for the plane in Centra l Asia when it was likely to be found in the southern Indian Oce an ."I think the Malaysian government spent way too much time foc using on the northern routes and the Gulf of Thailand and ," he said on "Fox News Sunday." "It would have been picked up by r adar and we knew that. And I know satellite imagery given to th e Malaysians established that, but we wasted a week of preciou s time up in that region when all along it's been in southern Indi an Ocean, I think is where the location is."CBS News Aviation and Safety Expert Captain Chesley "Sully" Sullenberger s aid on "Face the Nation" that some "missteps" early in the inves tigation have impaired the search effort."Here we are...into the third week of the investigation and just n ow beginning to re-narrow the search to areas that are still as large as the ," he sai d.The White House, though, has touted an unprecedented level o f international coordination in the search for the missing plane, which disappeared over two weeks ago ."The one encouraging thing, I would say, if there's anything enc ouraging in a tragedy like this, is you have countries working to gether in ways that they haven't before," said Deputy National Security Advisor Tony Blinken Sun day on CNN. "Not just the Malaysians, but we have the South K oreans, the Chinese, the Australians, New Zealand, the United States, Canada, all working in the same direction, which is to g et to the bottom of what happened."Blinken said there's "no prevailing（流行的，一般的） theory" about what might have happened to the flight."We're chasing down every theory, we're looking at facts as the y develop," he said, "but, again, the bottom line is we can't get a head of the facts."McCaul said the evidence suggests the incident was probably a "deliberate attack," and that investigators haven't ruled out the possibility that it was an act of terror.多名美国议员抨击马来政府搜救不力Several U.S. lawmakers on Sunday panned the Malaysian government's role in the search for Airlines Flight 370, accusing the Malaysians of withholding information and bungling th e crucial early days of the search.多名美国议员23日抨击了马来西亚政府在搜寻马来西亚航空公司MH370航班过程中的失误，指责马方隐瞒信息，贻误时机。