《英语国家概况》- Chapter 10 Cultural ...

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余志远《英语国家概况》(2015年版)教材的配套题库(第十章美国人口Population)【圣才出

第十章美国人口PopulationⅠ.Multiple Choice.1.Which of the following is not a characteristic of the Hispanic population in the U.S.?（北京交大2007研）A.They all speak Spanish.B.They are Catholics.C.Most of them are poor.D.They are all migrant workers.【答案】D【解析】拉美裔美国人是指来自美国本土以外讲西班牙语的移民；他们信仰天主教；失学率高，在劳动力市场上占劣势，因此大多数面临贫困问题。

Migrant Workers移民工人是指在某国工作但并非该国公民的人，选项D与事实不符，为正确答案。

2.The first blacks were brought to North America as_____.A.servantsB.slavesC.farmersD.teachers【答案】B【解析】黑人最初是作为奴隶被带到北美的。

3.Which of the following was not a true description of southern blacks’situation after the Civil War?（中山大学2008研）A.They were provided separate but equal facilities and services.B.They were second-class citizens.C.They were terrorized by the Ku Klux Klan.D.Their freedom was restricted by“black codes”.【答案】A【解析】美国内战后，黑人名义上获得了平等，但事实上地位依然很低，权利也得不到保障；他们还受到三K党的暴力威胁；从19世纪70年代开始，美国南部各州制定了《黑人法典》，对黑人实行种族隔离或种族歧视。

英语国家概况：Chapter 10 Government(美国政府)

S 3. Activities 4.General Election
V . Foreign Policy 1. Neutrality 2. Containment and Intervention
Ⅰ. Constitution
ernment
CONTENTS
01
The Fcial system & state judicial system
Difference between federal court
and state court
Ⅲ. Political Parties
2022
Election
Ⅴ.Foreign Policy
Review Questions
foreign policy?
Thank you!
03 The Executive
3.1 Departments
3.2 Functions of The President
3.3 Qualifications of The President
3.4 White House
3.1 Departments
The executive branch consists of 15 departments and many independent agencies； Cabinet: major source of advice and assistance to the president President: the chief of the executive branch. First citizen & First Lady
T
III. Political Parties 1. Two-party system

英语国家概况 --谢福之各章选择题

选择题Unit1 英国Chapter 1 地理、民族、语言1. The two main islands of the British Isles are （）.A. Great Britain and IrelandB. Great Britain and ScotlandC. Great Britain and WalesD. Great Britain and England2. （）is the capital city of Scotland.A. BelfastB. EdinburghC. AberdeenD. Cardiff3. Among the four parts of the United Kingdom,（）is the smallest.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northern Ireland4. English belongs to the （）group of Indo-European family of languages.A. CelticB. Indo-IranianC. GermanicD. Roman5. The introduction of Christianity to Britain added the first element of （）words to English.A. Danish and FinnishB. Dutch and GermanC. French and ItalianD. Latin and Greek6. The evolution of Middle English was reinforced by the （）influence.A. NormanB. DutchC. GermanD. Danish7. Samuel Johnson’s dictionary was influential in establishing a standard form of （）.A. grammarB. handwritingC. spellingD. pronunciation8. At present, nearly （）of the world’s population communicate in English.A. halfB. a quarterC. one thirdD. one fifthChapter 2 历史1. The （）attack on Rome ended the Roman occupation in Britain in 410.A. NormanB. DanishC. CelticD. Germanic2. By the late 7th century, （）became the dominant religion in England.A. Celtic ChristianityB. Anglo-Saxon ChristianityC. Germanic ChristianityD. Roman Christianity3. The （）marked the establishment of feudalism in England.A. Viking invasionB. signing of the Magna CartaC. Norman ConquestD. Adoption of common law4. The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of （）.A. the House of ValoisB. the House of YorkC. the House of TudorD. the House of Lancaster5. The direct cause for the Religious Reformation was King Henry VIII’s effort to（）.A. divorce his wifeB. break with RomeC. support the ProtestantsD. declare his supreme power over the church6. The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between （）.A. Protestants and PuritansB. Royalists and ParliamentariansC. nobles and peasantsD. aristocrats and Christians7.（）was passed after the Glorious Revolution.A. Bill of RightsB. Act of SupremacyC. Provisions of OxfordD. Magna Carta8. The Industrial Revolution was accomplished in Britain by the middle of the （）century.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20 thChapter 3 政府和英联邦1. The British government is characterized by a division of powers between three of the following branches with the exception of the （）.A. judiciaryB. legislatureC. monarchyD. executive2. The importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effect on （）.A. passing the billsB. advising the governmentC. political partiesD. public attitude3. As a revising chamber, the House of Lords is expected to （）the House of Commons.A. rivalB. complementC. criticizeD. inspect4. （）is at the center of the British political system.A. The CabinetB. The House of LordsC. The House of CommonsD. The Privy Council5. The main duty of the British Privy Council is to （）.A. make decisionsB. give adviceC. pass billsD. supervise the Cabinet6. Generally speaking, the British Parliament operates on a （）system.A. single-partyB. two-partyC. three-partyD. multi-party7. The policies of the Conservative Party are characterized by pragmatism and （）.A. government interventionB. nationalization of enterprisesC. social reformD. a belief in individualism8. In Britain, the parliamentary general election is held every （）years.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. sixChapter 4 经济1. The （）in the early 1970s worsened an already stagnant economy in Britain.A. oil crisisB. high inflation ratesC. large importsD. unemployment problem2. Of the following practices, （）does not belong to Thatcher’s social welfare reform.A. reducing child benefitsB. shortening the unemployment benefits periodC. reducing the unemploymentD. lowering old age pensions3. The Blair government has been successful in all the following aspects except （）.A. limiting government spendingB. keeping inflation under controlC. reducing unemploymentD. reducing inequality4. Britain has devoted （）of its land area to agriculture.A. 50%B. 60%C. 70%D.80%5. Britain’s important fishing areas include all th e following except （）.A. the North SeaB. the English ChannelC. The sea area around IrelandD. The sea area between Britain andIreland6. Coal mining industry in Britain provides （）of the energy consumed in the country.A. 1/3B. 1/4C. 1/5D. 2/37. The car industry in Britain in mostly（）.A. foreign-ownedB. state-ownedD.privately-owned8. Of the following sectors in Britain, （）has experienced spectacular growth since the end of Word War II.A. agricultureB. energy industryC. service industryD. manufacturing industryChapter 5 教育、媒体和节日1. In Britain, the division between grammar schools and vocational schools were ended by the introduction of comprehensive schools in the（）.A. 1930sB. 1940sC. 1950sD. 1960s2. About （）of British children receive primary and secondary education through the independent system.A. 5%B. 6%C. 7%D. 8%3. Partially funded by central government grants, the British universities receive their remaining funds from all the following sources except （）.A. tuition feesB. loansC. donationsD. corporate contributions4. To be admitted to the Open University, one needs （）.A. some educational qualificationsB. no educational qualificationsC. General Certificate of Education-AdvancedD. General National Vocational Qualifications5. Among Britain’s quality press, the following newspapers are regarded as the “Big Three” with the exception of （）.A. The TimesB. The GuardianC. The ObserverD. The Daily Telegraph6. Life on Earth is a kind of （）program produced by the BBC and is popular among 500 million viewers worldwide.A. featureB. dramaD. soap opera7.（）is Britain’s top pay television provider.A. BSBB. SkyTVC. BBCD. BSkyB8. The following Christmas traditions are particularly British except （）.A. Trooping the ColorB. Queen’s Christmas messageC. Boxing DayD. Christmas pantomimeChapter 6 文学1. The most significant achievement of the English Renaissance is——.A. poetryB. dramaC. novelD. pamphlet2. ——is viewed as Romantic poetry’s “Declaration of independence”.A. “I Wonder Lonely as a Cloud”B. Don JuanC. The preface to Lyrical BalladsD. Prometheus Unbound3. Of Dicken’s novels, ——is considered most autobiographical.A. A Tale of Two CitiesB. Davied CopperfiedC. Oliver TwistD. Great Expectations4. ——is a representative of English Critical Realism in the turn of the 19 th century.A. Robert Louis SetevensonB. John MiltonC. Joseph ConardD.Thomas Hardy5. Of the following books, ——is NOT written by Thomas Hardy.A.Jude the ObscureB.Tess of the d’UrbervillesC.Adam BedeD.The Return of the Native6. ——is not included in the modernist group.A.Oscar WildeB.Virginia WoolfC.William Bulter YeatsD.T.S.Eliot7. Of the following writers, —— is NOT a Nobel Prize winner.A.Samuel BeckettB.James JoyceC.William GoldingD.V.S.Naipual8. Waiting for Godot is written by——.A.Samuel BeckettB.Geroge OrwellC. William GoldingwranceUnit2 爱尔兰Chapter 7 社会和文化1. ---- established a unified Irish culture and language in the 6 th century BC.A. Hunter-gatherers from BritainB. Celtic tribesC. British invadersD. The Vikings2. Divergent views about ----resulted in the Irish Civil War.A. the Act of UnionB. the Unilateral Declaration of IndependenceC. the Anglo-Irish TreatyD. the Anglo-Irish Agreement3. -----was the first Irish President to visit Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ.A. Eamon de ValeraB. John A. CostelloC. Mary RobinsonD. Albert Reynolds4. -----brought Anglo-Irish relations to a new height.A. The British recognition of the Irish RepublicB. The signing of the Downing Street DeclarationC. The signing of the Belfast AgreementD. The IRA’s formal declaration of the disarmament in 20055. In Ireland, the head of state is-----A. the Prime MinisterB. the PresidentC. the British monarchD. the General Governor6. ------has been the dominant party in Ireland since 1930s and supports peaceful reunification of the island of Ireland.A. Fine GaelB. The Labor PartyC. Fianna FailD. The Progressive Democrats7. Emigration in Ireland started since the ----A. medieval periodB. 17 th centuryC. Great Potato FamineD. early 18 th century8. Ireland now has a ---- economy.A. agriculture-basedB. knowledge-basedC. industry-basedD. foreign investment-basedUnit3 美国Chapter 8 地理和民族1. The U. S. lies in North America, with Canada to the north, Mexico to the south, the Atlantic to its and the Pacific to its （）.A. northern, east, westB. central, east, westC. southern, west, eastD. western, east, west2. The continental United States has （）statesA. 50B. 49C. 48D. 353. The state of （）is the largest in area of all the states.A. AlaskaB. HawaiiC. TexasD. Florida4. The largest river in the U. S. is （）.A. the Missouri RiverB. the Mississippi RiverC. the Ohio RiverD. the Colorado River5. Some of the world famous universities like Harvard, Yale and MIT are located in （）.A. the SouthB. the WestC. New EnglandD. the Midwest6. San Francisco, Los Angeles and San Diego all belong to （）.A. MontanaB. UtahC. MaineD.California7. The Immigrants Act of 1924 restricted the further immigration into the United States, particularly from （）.A. EuropeB. AsiaC. AfricaD. South America8. The characteristic of the dominant American culture are （）.A. English-speaking, northern European, Roman Catholic and middle-classB. English-speaking, western European, Roman Catholic and upper-classC. English-speaking, northern European, Protestant and upper-classD. English-speaking, western European, Protestant and middle-classChapter 9 历史1. The first successful English colony in North America was founded at（）in（）.A. Jamestown, LouisianaB. Boston, MassachusettsC. Jamestown, VirginiaD. Plymouth, Georgia2. The Seven Years’ War occurred between the （）.A. French and American IndiansB. French and SpaniardsC. French and BritishD. British and American Indians3. “No taxation without representation” was the rallying slogan of （）.A. the settlers of VirginiaB. the people of PennsylvaniaC. the colonists in New EnglandD. the people of the 13 colonies4. In May 1775, （）was held in Philadelphia and began to assume the functions of a national government.A. the First Continental CongressB. the Second Continental CongressC. the Boston Tea PartyD. the Congress of Confederation5. Abraham Lincoln issued （）to grant freedom to all slaves.A. Declaration of IndependenceB. ConstitutionC. Emancipation ProclamationD. Bill of Rights6. The policy of the United States was （）at the beginning of the two world wars.A. neutralityB. full involvementC. partial involvementD. appeasement7. President （）applied New Deal to deal with the problems of the Great Depression.A. WilsonB. TrumanC. RooseveltD. Kennedy8. The Vietnam War was a long-time suffering for Americans, and it continued throughout the terms of Presidents （）.A. Johnson, Nixon and FordB. Truman, Eisenhower and KennedyC. Kennedy, Johnson and NixonD. Eisenhower, Kennedy and JohnsonChapter 10 政府1. The U. S. Constitution came into effect in （）.A. 1787B. 1789C. 1791D. 17932. The Constitution of the United States （）.A. gives the most power to CongressB. gives the most power to the PresidentC. tries to give each branch enough power to balance the othersD. gives the most power to the Supreme Court3. The Bill of Rights （）.A. defines the rights of Congress and the rights of the PresidentB. guarantees citizens of the United States specific individual rights and freedomsC. is part of the Declaration of IndependenceD. has no relationship with the Constitution4. The terms for a Senator and Representative are （）and （）years respectively.A. two, fourB. two, threeC. two, sixD. six, two5. All the following except （）can make legislative proposal.A. the SenatorB. the RepresentativeC. the Secretary of StateD. the President6. The following except （）are all powers of the President.A. vetoing any bills passed by CongressB. appointing federal judges when vacancies occurC. making lawsD. issuing executive orders7. The Supreme Court is composed of （）justices.A. sixB. sevenC. eightD. nine8. The President is directly voted into office by （）.A. all citizens of AmericaB. the citizens over 18 years oldC. electors elected by the votersD. the senators and representativesChapter 11 经济1. America produces a major portion of the world’s products in the following fields except （）.A. machineryB. automobilesC. oreD. chemicals2. The modern American economy progressed from（）to（）, and eventually, to （）.A. colonial economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyB. farming economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyC. colonial economy, farming economy, industrial economyD. handcraft economy, farming economy, industrial economy3. Chartered companies were NOT granted the （）by the British King or Queen.A. political authorityB. economic rightsC. judicial authorityD. diplomatic authority4.（）urged the federal government to establish a national bank.A. George WashingtonB. President RooseveltC. Abraham LincolnD. Alexander Hamilton5. The following inventions took place during the “second industrial revolution” except （）.A. typewriterB. telephoneC. electric lightD. refrigerator6. President Johnson tried to build a “Great Society” by introducing various programs like the following except （）.A. MedicareB. Food StampsC. Education InitiativesD. Unemployment Pension7. The following statements are all true except （）.A. Agribusinesses reflect the big, corporate nature of many farm enterprises.B. Agribusinesses maintain a balanced trade pattern between agricultural imports andexports.C. Agribusinesses range from one-family corporations to multinational firms.D. Agribusinesses include a variety of farm businesses and structures.8. Employment in the （）sector has been increasing in the U.S. since the 1970s.A. serviceB. agricultureC. manufacturingD. high-tectChapter 12 教育、媒体和节日1. Formal education in the United States consists of （）, secondary and higher education.A. kindergartenB. publicC. elementaryD. private2. Of the following subjects, （）are NOT offered to elementary school students.A. mathematics and languagesB. politics and business educationC. science and social studiesD. music and physical education3. Higher education in the United States began with the founding of （）.A. Yale UniversityB. Harvard UniversityC. Princeton UniversityD. New York University4. Of the following, （）are NOT among the categories of American higher education.A. universities and collegesB. research institutionsC. technical institutionsD. community colleges5. To get a bachelor’s degree, all undergraduate students are required to do the following except （）.A. attending lectures and completing assignmentsB. passing examinationsC. working for communitiesD. earning a certain number of credits6. （）is sold especially to the upper or upper-middle class and it has a reputation for its serious attitude and great bulk.A. The Washington PostB. The New York TimesC. Los Angeles TimesD. New York Daily News7. Of the following, （）is NOT among the three major radio and TV networks in America.A. the National Broadcasting System (NBS)B. the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS)C. the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS)D. the American Broadcasting System (ABS)8. The National Day of the United States falls on （）.A. June 4thB. July 4thC. June 14thD. July 14thChapter 13 文学1.Of the following writer, --------are from the Colonial and Revolutionary Periods .A. Benjamin Franklin and Edgar Allan PoeB. Edgar Allan Poe and Jonathan EdwardsC. Benjamin Franklin and Jonathan EdwardsD. Edgar Allan Poe and Washington Irving2. ----- is regarded as the “father of American literature”A. James Fenimore CooperB. Ralph Waldo EmersonC. Thomas JeffersonD. Washington Irving3. Of the following , ---- is considered Herman Melville’s masterpieceA. The Last of the MohicansB. The Legend of Sleepy HollowC. Mody DickD. Daisy Miller4. Of the following ,-----is NOT cha racteristic of Mark Twain’s worksA. colloquial speechB. a sense of humorC. a realistic viewD. an idealistic view5. Of the following writer, ----- is NOT included in the group pf naturalistsA. Stephen CraneB. Frank NorrisC. Theodore DreiserD. Herman Melville6. F. Scott Fitzgerald’s finest novel is ---- ,and its theme is about ---A. The Great Gatsby , the American DreamB. Tender Is the Night , loveC. Tales of the Jazz Age , the loss of oneselfD. The Beautiful and Damned , the evil of human nature7. Of the following writer, ----- is NOT a Nobel Prize winnerA. Alice WalkerB. Ernest HemingwayC. William FaulknerD. Eugene O’Neill8. -----is the first African – American winner of the Noble Prize for LiteratureA. Ralph EllisonB. Ernest HemingwayC. William FaulknerD. James BaldwinUnit4 加拿大Chapter 14 地理和历史1. Canada’s fur trade , later fur monopoly , gradually began to take shape in the -----centuryA. 15 thB. 16 thC. 17 thD.18 th2. The Liberal government led by Mackenzie King did the following to lay the foundations of the Canadian welfare state EXCEPT----A. increasing the old age pensionsB. promoting federal-provincial welfare programsC. expending unemployment benefitsD. introducing health insurance3. -----won the Nobel Prize for Peace in1957 for organizing a peacekeeping force todefuse the Suez CrisisA. Pierre TrudeauB. Lester PearsonC. Jean ChretienD. Brian Mulroney4. In the ----, Canada was obsessed with economic recessionA. 1950sB. 1960sC. 1970sD. 1980s5. Pierre Trudeau retired from his post as head of the government and party leader partly because ----A. he opposed the American war in VietnamB. he agreed Quebec to be an independent French-speaking nationC. he had not been able to reverse the declining economic trendD. he weakened government intervention in the national economy6. ----- recognized Quebec as a “distinct society”A. The Meech Lake AccordB. The Quebec ActC. The Constitutional ActD. The British North America Act7. -----was Canada’s first woman Prime MinisterA. Pierre TrudeauB. Brian MulroneyC. Jean ChretienD. Kim Campbell8. Martin’s Liberal government tried to do the following EXCEPT---A. legalizing same-sex marriage in CanadaB. giving the Quebec city sovereigntyC. improving Canadian- US relationsD. forging a closer relationship with ChinaChapter 15 政府和社会1. On average, members of the House of Commons are elected for a maximum of -----yearsA. 3B. 4C. 5D. 62. ----holds the highest position in the Canadian parliamentary systemA. The Britain CrownB. The Governor GeneralC. The PresidentD. The Prime Minister3. In each province, ----represents the British CrownA. a Lieutenant GovernorB. a Governor GeneralC. a PrimeD. a Governor4. -----of Canada serve(s) as the final court of appeals in CanadaA. The provincial courtsB. The Federal CourtC. The Supreme CourtD. The Federal Court of Appeal5. In Canada , the largest religious denominations is ----A. the Protestant churchB. the Roman Catholic churchC. the Puritan churchD. the Anglican church6. If applicants meet the basic requirement for immigration to Canada , they need to do the following EXCEPT----A. applying for citizenshipB. taking a medical examC. paying an application feeD. paying a landing fee7. In the 19 th century , ---was the principal export item of CanadaA. fishB. furC. timberD. wheat8. Canada’s major trading partners include the following EXCEPT---A. BritainB. AmericaC. MexicoD. ChinaUnit5 澳大利亚Chapter 16 地理和历史1.____ is the lowest point in Australia.A. Lake EyreB. The Great Artesian BasinC. Mount KosciuszkoD. The Great Victoria Desert2.____ is Australia’s capital.A. SydneyB. MelbourneC. BrisbaneD. Canberra3.Britain’s first permanent colony wa s founded in ____ .A.1606B.1770C.1787D.17884.The Commonwealth of Australia was established in ____ .A.1847B.1885C.1900D.19015.The movement to gain recognition of Aboriginal rights was started in the ____ .A.1950sB.1960sC.1970sD.1980s6.Australia completely abolished the White Australia Policy during the government of ____ .A. Earle PageB. Gough WhitlamC. Joseph LyonsD. Stanley Bruce7.The following were all aspects of the economic reforms which took place between 1983 and 1996 EXCEPT ____ .A. enlarging the scale of the mining industryB. deregulating the financial marketC. reducing tariffsD. privatizing the state-owned enterprises8.The Howard government’s foreign policies were based in relations with four key countries, namely, ____ .A. the U.S. ,Japan, Britain, ChinaB. the U.S. ,Japan, China, IndonesiaC. the U.S. ,Japan, Britain, ChinaD. the U.S. , Britain, China, ChinaChapter 17 政府和社会1.Of the following, ____ is NOT among the three major Australian political parties.A. the Australian Labor PartyB. the NationalsC. the Liberal PartyD. the United Australia Party2. Australia tries to attract immigrant from any country with ____ .A. a good family backgroundB. education or work skillsC. high social statusD. adequate work experience3. Australia’s high economic performance is due to its ____ and ongoingstructural reform.A. open-up policyB. effective economic managementC. historical developmentD. proper investment4. Australia is a leading supplier of ____ to international markets.A. hi-tech productsB. agricultural productsC. industrial productsD. mineral resources5. Australia’s foreign capital mainly comes from ____ .A. the United States and JapanB. Britain and GermanyC. Japan and Republic of KoreaD. Britain and the United States6.Among the following tourist attractions, ____ can be seen from the moon.A. the Gold CoastB. UluruC. the Great Barrier ReefD. the Sydney Opera House7. ____ is/are mainly responsible for education in Australia.A. the federal governmentB. the individual statesC. the territory assembliesD. the municipal government8.The Australian system of teaching and school discipline puts emphasis on the following EXCEPT ____ .A. learning by discovery and questioningB. self-disciplineC. preparing for testD. encouraging students’ interest in learningUnit6 新西兰Chapter 18 社会和文化1. ____ is often referred to as “our third island” of New Zealand.A. PolynesiaB. The North IslandC. The South IslandD. The Stewart Island2.The climate in New Zealand is ____ .A. subtropicalB. arcticC. temperateD. tropical3.The ____ were the first group of people who arrived on the island of New Zealand.A. MaorisB. EuropeansC. AustraliansD. Chinese4. New Zealand was granted internal self-government in ____ .A. 1804B. 1852C. 1893D. 19075.During World War Ⅱ, New Zealand strengthened its relationship with ____ .A. BritainB. the United StatesC. AustraliaD. France6. ____ is the head of the New Zealand government.A. The British monarchB. The Governor GeneralC. The Prime MinisterD. The President7.The Cabinet is responsible to ____ in New Zealand.A. ParliamentB. the Prime MinisterC. the British monarchD. the Governor General8.Schooling in New Zealand is compulsory for all children ____ .A. from ages 6 to 12B. from ages 6 to 14C. from ages 6 to 16D. from ages 6 to 18。

英语国家概况chapter10

PPT学习交流
8
The House of Representatives (众议院）
435 voting members
A term of two years
Six non-voting representatives from Puerto Rico(波多黎各) , the District of Columbia(哥伦比亚特区） and four other territories of the U.S.
The judicial branch consists
of a series of courts:
the Supreme Court
the courts of appeals
the district courts
The Supreme Court—
highest court;
One Chief Justice and eight
The representatives must be at least 25 years old and a U.S citizen for at least seven years.
PPT学习交流
9
The law-making process
Houses introduce a bill or legislative proposal
• report to Congress on his military action abroad for approval
• can be impeached by Congress if abusing power or committing crimes
PPT学习交流
14
The Judicial Branch

英语国家概况课程标准

《英语国家概况》课程标准一、课程基本信息二、课程性质与定位英语国家概况是英语专业基础阶段的一门专业选修课，也是进一步学习英美两国社会与文化的入门课程。

为了培养应用型英语专业人才、提高英语专业学生的语言综合运用能力和跨文化交际能力，特开设本课程。

本课程是英语专业人才培养的有机组成部分。

本课程可以使英语专业学生了解主要英语国家的地理、历史、政治、经济、社会与文化概貌，熟悉主要英语国家的国情、社会和文化，掌握英语交际中有关英语国家概况的专有名词和常识，有效地提高英语专业学生的跨文化交际能力和综合素质。

三、课程目标1.知识目标了解英语国家的主要国情，掌握地理历史、政治经济、社会文化和教育等方面的基本常识2.能力目标能初步听懂、看懂和交流文化等方面的信息3.素质目标了解多元文化和中外文化差异，提高对不同文化的敏感度和跨文化交际意识与能力四、主要内容和要求英国部分第一章 The Country【目的要求】1、掌握国名、领土、国旗、国歌、国际地位、组成部分2、熟悉邻国、临海3、了解地形、河流、湖泊、海岸线、气候【教学设计建议】多媒体辅助课堂教学【讲授内容】1、Position and Borders2、Topography3、Rivers, lakes and Coastline【自学内容】1、Components2、Climate第二章 The People【目的要求】1、掌握英国人的血统（祖先）；重要专有名词和代表性名词2、熟悉英国人的人口构成和语言构成；英国的阶级结构3、了解英国人的身份【教学设计建议】多媒体辅助课堂教学【讲授内容】1、Ethnic Composition2、Linguistic Composition3、Class Structure【自学内容】1、Demographic Composition2、The British Identity第三章 History【目的要求】1、掌握重要历史事件和历史人物的专有名词2、熟悉重要历史事件和历史人物的产生背景3、了解重要历史事件和历史人物的历史意义【教学设计建议】多媒体辅助课堂教学【讲授内容】1、Early Britain2、Medieval Britain(1066-1485)3、Transition to the Modern Age(1485-1688)4、The age of Empire(1689-1901)【自学内容】1、Britain since 19012、Britain since World War II第四章 Government and Politics 【目的要求】1、掌握议会的构成；选举2、熟悉英国君主的作用；政府的构成3、了解宪法【教学设计建议】多媒体辅助课堂教学【讲授内容】1、The Constitution and the Monarchy2、Parliament3、Government4、Political Party and Elections【自学内容】1、The Constitution2、The Local Government第五章 Judiciary【目的要求】1、掌握司法系统的常识2、熟悉法庭制度；司法程序3、了解法律行业；英国警察【教学设计建议】多媒体辅助课堂教学【讲授内容】1、The Court System2、Judicial Proceedings3、The Legal Profession4、Law and Order【自学内容】1、The Rule of Law2、Sources of Law第六章 Economy【目的要求】1、掌握各行业的常识和代表性名词2、熟悉经济发展史；工业、农业、制造业、金融和贸易、交通和通讯等概况3、了解劳资双方【教学设计建议】多媒体辅助课堂教学【讲授内容】1、Economic History2、Industries【自学内容】1、Labour第七章 Social Services【目的要求】1、掌握社会福利事业的常识2、熟悉英国家庭的发展趋势；国民医疗保健制度；3、了解个人社会服务；住房【教学设计建议】多媒体辅助课堂教学【讲授内容】1、Family2、Social Security and the National Health Service【自学内容】1、Personal Service2、Housing第八章 Religion【目的要求】1、掌握宗教方面的专有名词和代表性名词2、熟悉英国国教3、了解宗教历史【教学设计建议】多媒体辅助课堂教学【讲授内容】1、Religious History2、The Church of England【自学内容】1、The Church of Scotland2、The Roman Catholic Church第九章 Education 【目的要求】1、掌握英国中小学教育的学制2、熟悉高等教育3、了解继续教育和培训【教学设计建议】多媒体辅助课堂教学【讲授内容】1、Primary and Secondary Education2、Higher Education【自学内容】1、Further Education and Training2、Science and Technology第十章Way of Life （自学）【目的要求】1、掌握专有名词和代表性名词；文化常识2、熟悉英国人的休闲趋势；产生于英国的运动3、了解艺术与媒体【教学设计建议】多媒体辅助课堂教学【自学内容】1、Leisure Activities2、Sporting Activities3、Art and the Media美国部分第一章 The Country 【目的要求】1、掌握美国主要地形、气候特点和区域特点2、熟悉地理专有名词3、了解地形、气候形成的原因【教学设计建议】多媒体辅助课堂教学【讲授内容】1、Physical Features2、Cultural Geography【自学内容】1、Notes/Explanations第二章 History【目的要求】1、掌握重要历史事件和历史人物的专有名词2、熟悉重要历史事件和历史人物的产生背景3、了解重要历史事件和历史人物的历史意义【教学设计建议】多媒体辅助课堂教学【讲授内容】1、American Life from 1607 to the Civil War2、American Life from the Civil War to 19453、America since1945【自学内容】1、Notes/Explanations第三章 The American Identity（自学）【目的要求】1、掌握美国“移民国家”的特点；主流文化；2、熟悉黑人、西班牙裔的拉丁美洲人、亚裔和美洲土著人在美国的特点3、了解少数民族在美国的历史【教学设计建议】多媒体辅助课堂教学【讲授内容】1、Europeans2、Black Americans,Latinos,Asian Americans and Native Americans 【自学内容】1、Notes/Explanations第四章 Political Institutions【目的要求】1、掌握美国国会、总统和联邦司法的职能；两大政党2、熟悉总统大选；制约与平衡原则；三权分立制3、了解两大政党的特点【教学设计建议】多媒体辅助课堂教学【讲授内容】1、The American System of Government2、Political Parties and Political Elections【自学内容】1、Notes/Explanations第五章 Economy【目的要求】1、掌握美国经济的特点2、熟悉农业、工业、制造业和服务业的特点；经济发展史3、了解工人和工会【教学设计建议】多媒体辅助课堂教学【讲授内容】1、A Historical Perspective2、Agriculture,Industry and Service【自学内容】1、Labour and Labour Union2、Notes/Explanations第六章 Social Services（自学）【目的要求】1、掌握代表性名词2、熟悉美国社会福利事业的特点3、了解社会保障、福利计划、志愿者服务、医疗服务和住房【教学设计建议】多媒体辅助课堂教学【自学内容】1、Public Social Services, Voluntary Services, Health Care Services2、Housing第七章 The Legal System【目的要求】1、掌握美国人喜欢通过打官司解决争端，美国的法律从业人数最多；美国法院的构成2、熟悉刑法、民法和法庭诉讼程序3、了解犯罪与惩罚【教学设计建议】多媒体辅助课堂教学【讲授内容】1、The court structure2、Criminal law,civil law, and court proceedings【自学内容】1、Crime and Punishment第八章 Education（自学）【目的要求】1、掌握教育属于各州自己的事务，义务教育因州而异，但一般包括中小学阶段；美国中小学学制2、熟悉美国学院与大学的区别；美国大学的分类3、了解美国教育的目标和目的【教学设计建议】多媒体辅助课堂教学【讲授内容】1、Elementary and Secondary Education2、Higher Education【自学内容】1、Goals and Purposes of Education第九章 Religion in American Life【目的要求】1、掌握宗教在美国影响广泛；政教分离；“In God We Trust”,“city upon ahill”,“God’s Chosen People”,the Promised Land,Puritanism,Protestantism, Catholicism,Judaism,Islam, Buddhism, Zenism等专有名词2、熟悉美国比其他西方国家信教人数多；宗教（如罗马天主教、新教和犹太教）在美国形成与发展的历史过程中有重要意义；宗教对美国政治和公众生活的影响3、了解宗教的世俗化趋势【教学设计建议】多媒体辅助课堂教学【讲授内容】1、Introduction2、“In God We Trust”【自学内容】1、Church, State and Politics3、Secularization and Evangelicalism第十章 Private Life in America（自学）【目的要求】1、掌握生活中各种事务的表达2、熟悉美国人的购物、住房、家务活、各种室外活动、运动3、了解美国的足球和棒球运动【教学设计建议】多媒体辅助课堂教学【自学内容】1、House and Home2、Outside the Home3、Sports加拿大【目的要求】1、掌握重要专有名词和代表性名词；常识性问题2、熟悉人种；教育；生活方式和文化3、了解地理；历史；政治制度；经济贸易【教学设计建议】多媒体辅助课堂教学【讲授内容】1、Geographical Features2、People3、History4、Education【自学内容】1、Economy2、Politics3、Way of life and Culture澳大利亚【目的要求】1、掌握重要专有名词和代表性名词2、熟悉自然地理特征；植物群和动物群；气候；人口特征3、了解历史；经济贸易；政治制度【教学设计建议】多媒体辅助课堂教学【讲授内容】1、Physical Features2、Flora and Fauna3、The People and History4、Education【自学内容】1、Economy2、Politics3、Way of life and Culture新西兰【目的要求】1、掌握重要专有名词和代表性名词；常识性问题2、熟悉人种；教育；生活方式和文化3、了解地理；历史；政治制度；经济贸易【教学设计建议】多媒体辅助课堂教学【讲授内容】1、Geographical Features2、People3、History4、Education【自学内容】1、Economy2、Politics3、Way of life and Culture爱尔兰【目的要求】1、掌握重要专有名词和代表性名词；常识性问题2、熟悉人种；教育；生活方式和文化3、了解地理；历史；政治制度；经济贸易【教学设计建议】多媒体辅助课堂教学【讲授内容】1、Geographical Features2、People3、History4、Education【自学内容】1、Economy2、Politics3、Way of life and Culture五、学时分配建议表六、实施建议1、教学组织各任课教师可根据所带班级实际情况适当调整教学侧重点。

英语国家概况章节概要

英国概况1. Land and People 国土与人民Different names for Britain and its parts 英国的不同名称及其区域正式名称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。

简称：联合王国，或UK。

首都伦敦。

它包括不列颠岛和北爱尔兰。

不列颠诸岛：包括不列颠岛，爱尔兰岛和几百个小岛。

爱尔兰岛：岛的北部地区，即北爱尔兰属于联合王国；岛的南部地区，称为爱尔兰共和国或爱尔兰，1949年独立，首都是都柏林。

三个政治区域：英格兰，苏格兰，威尔士。

由于帝国主义扩张政策，英国成为一个帝国。

两次世界大战后，其殖民地不断独立，大英帝国逐渐消失，1931年由英联邦取代。

英联邦：是由原英国殖民地组成的一个自由联合体，各独立成员国间，根据贸易协议实行经济合作。

英联邦没有特别的权力，目前有50个成员国。

2. Origins of the Nation 英国的起源Arrival and settlement of the Celts 凯尔特人的到来和迁居自公元前700年不断迁入，来自东欧及中欧，即现在的法国，比利时和德国南部。

三次入侵高潮：第一次是公元前600年，盖尔人。

第二次是公元前400年，布立吞（不列颠）人。

第三次是公元前150年，贝尔盖人。

强大的酋长卡西弗洛诺斯，莎士比亚剧本中的辛白林。

技艺：农耕，沼泽地排水，修建房屋，铁匠。

后裔：山地苏格兰人，爱尔兰人，威尔士人。

语言：是威尔士语和盖尔语的基础。

宗教：德鲁伊德教。

德鲁伊德指智者，占星家和占卜者。

采用活人祭祀。

Basis of modern English race: the Anglo-Saxons 现代英格兰民族的基础：盎格鲁--撒克逊人三支日尔曼（条顿）部落的入侵：朱特人：来自朱特兰岛（现丹麦南部）。

酋长亨及斯特和霍塞，帮助肯特国王伏泰根驱逐皮克特人和苏格兰人后，转而攻击伏泰根，最终亨及斯特成为肯特国王。

撒尔逊人：来自德国北部。

建立了埃塞克斯，苏塞克斯，威塞克斯。

英语国家概况Chapter 10

Cotton cloth production was the leading industry;
Urbanized industry—limited to the Northeast;
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
2. Since American Independence
Urban Industrialization
Textile Plant
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
2. Since American Independence The South—rural and dependent on the North for capital and manufactured goods Economic policy under President Lincoln:
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
Ⅰ General Introduction
US—the economic and technological giant ranking first in computer technology, space technology, nuclear energy, and electronics, etc.; producing a major portion of the world’s machinery, automobiles, oil, electrical energy, and chemicals. Mixed economy Free enterprise system federal government—regulating businesses • anti-trust laws

英语国家概况谢福之chapter

Confederation: In 1867, the British North America Act was passed, creating the Dominion of Canada as a self governing entity within the British Empire Since then, Canada has gradually assigned its independence and developed its own identity, while maintaining close ties with the United Kingdom and the United States
Federalism
The United States has a federal system, meaning power is shared between the federal government and the state governments The states have authority over certificate materials like education and health care, while the federal government has authority over others like foreign policy and interstate commerce
Climate
The United States has a wide range of climates, from the cold winters and hot summers of the north to the cold winters and hot summers of the south The west coast has a Mediterranean climate, with dry summers and rainy winters

英语国家概况-谢福之-课后答案(全部)

判断题Chapter 11.People in different parts of Britain like to use the name England to refer to their country.(F)2.The Severn River is the longest river of Britain, which originates in Wales and flowsthrough western England.(T)3.Today more than half of the people in Wales still speak the ancient Welsh language. (F)4.In terms of population and area, Northern Ireland is the second largest part of Britain.(F)5.Although the climate in Britain is generally mild, the temperature in northern Scotlandoften falls below -10℃ in January . (F)6.The majority of the people in Britain are descendants of the Anglo-Saxons.(T)7.The Celtic people were the earliest known inhabitants of Britain.(T)8.English evolved into what is now described as Modern English from the late 16thcentury.(F)Chapter 21.British history before 55BC is basically undocumented.(T)2.The Anglo-Saxons came to Britain in the 5th century.(T)3.The chief or king of the Anglo-Saxons tribes exercised power at their own will. (F)4.The Vikings began to attack the English coast in the 8th century.(T)5.HenryⅡ built up a large empire which included England and most of France.(T)6.The Magna Carta was designed to protect the rights of both the privileged class and thetownspeople.(F)7.The Hundred Years’War (1337-1453) was a series of wars fought between the British andthe Vikings for trade and territory.(F)8.In an effort to make a compromise between different religious factions, QueenElizabethⅠactually defended the fruit of the Reformation.(T)Chapter 31.Conventions are regarded less important than the statutory law in the working of theBritish government.(T)2.The British monarchy has never been interrupted throughout the history.(F)3.In reality, the British King or Queen is the source of all government powers.(F)4.The British Parliament is the law-making body of the Commonwealth of Nations.(F)5.The members of the House of Commons are appointed rather than elected.(F)6.The British Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party in Parliament.(T)7.Cabinet members are chosen by the Prime Minister from various political parties inParliament.(F)8.The legal systems in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland are much similar interms of law, organization and practice.(T)Chapter 41.British was the first industrialized nation in the world.(T)2.The British economy experienced a relative decline during the post-war period.(T)3.Limited resources and high unemployment rate were persistent problems thatprevented rapid economic development in Britain after World WarⅡ.(F)4.Thatcher’s revolution turned out to be a great success in dealing with all the Britisheconomic and social problems.(F)5.The economic approach adopted by Tony Blair was different from that of the old LaborParty and the Conservative Party.(T)6.Blair made the Bank of England independent in order to separate politics from economicpolicy.(T)7.Britain is an important oil exporter since its oil industry has a long history.(F)8.Nuclear power is one of the major energy source in Britain.(T)Chapter 51.The British government has been responsible for education since the early 1800s.(F)cation in Britain is compulsory for all children between the ages of 6 and 15.(F)3.The National Curriculum is compulsory in both the state system and the independentsystem.(F)4.When children finish their schooling at 16, they are required to take a national GCSEexamination.(T)5.Graduates from state schools in Britain have a less favorable chance to enter famousuniversities than those from independent schools.(T)6.The Times is the wo rld’s oldest Sunday newspapers.(F)7.The BBC World Service broadcasts only in English throughout the world.(F)8.Some British holidays are celebrated to mark important events in the Christian calendar,and some others are related to local customs and traditions.(T)Chapter 81.The eastern highlands formed by the Appalachians hold one third of the country's continental territory.(F)2.The climate in the United States can be classified as temperate,with some mild subtropical and tropical zones.(T)3.Almost through the middle of the United States, north to south,runs a well--known 50-centimeter rainfall line.(T)4.New York is the commercial and financial center of the United States , and it is composed of five boroughs including Manhattan, Brooklyn, the Bronx, Staten Island, and Queens.(T)5.San Francisco is the second largest city after New York and the world famous Hollywoodand Disneyland are located here.(F)6.During the 1830s and 1840s, many northern Europeans and Irish immigrants came to America.(T)7.Almost half of the immigrants coming to the United States in the 1980s were Asians.(T)8.Basic American cultural values are freedom, equality and desire to work hard for a higher standard of living.(T)Chapter 91.America was named after Amerigo Vespucci, who arrived on the new continent after Columbus.(T)2.The second Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia, and the Continental Army and Navy were founded under the command of Thomas Jefferson.(F)3.The Civil War not only put an end to slavery, but also decided that America was a single, indivisible nation.(T)4.Most American people approved of the Vietnam War.(F)5.In 1990, American troops and the troops from allied nations launched Operation DesertStorm in order to drive Iraqi troops out of Kuwait.(T)6.According to the American administration, Saddam Hussein and Osama bin Laden were responsible for the terrorist event on September11,2001.(F)7.The America government regarded Iraq a nation among the "axis of evil".(T)8.On March 19,2003,American and United Nation's troops, supported by several other countries, began an invasion of Iraq.(F)Chapter 101.The Bill of Rights was written into the Constitution in 1787.(F)2.The form of American government is based on three main principles: federalism, the separation of powers, and respect for the Constitution and the rule of law.(T)3.The U.S. Congress is the legislative branch of the federal government and it consists of two houses: the House of Commons and the House of Lords.(F)4.The judicial branch of the federal government consists of a series of courts: the SupremeCourt, the courts of appeals and the district courts.(T)5.The Democratic Party is conservative in terms of its ideology.(F)6.The American presidential campaign adheres to the "winner-take-all" practice.(T)7.The American foreign policy throughout the World War II was neutrality.(F)8.The American foreign policy during the Cold War period was containment and intervention.(T)Chapter 111.America is the world's largest industrial nation.(T)2.In the U.S. Constitution, the recognition of the importance of "intellectual property" could be identified.(T)3.Although slavery was abolished as a result of the Civil War, the owners of plantation in the South made more profits from selling their agriculture products.(F)4.President Roosevelt's New Deal had little effect in dealing with the economic crisis in theearly 1930s.(F)5.The 1960s was a period of consolidation for the American businesses.(F)6.American agricultural exports outweigh imports, leaving a surplus in the agricultural balance of trade.(T)7.Auto production is one of the important sectors in American manufacturing industry.(T)8.The world economy has little to do with the growth and decline of the American foreigntrade.(F)Chapter 12cation is governed by state and local governments instead of the national government in America.(T)2.All American children are offered 12 years of compulsory public education.(T)3. After 12 years of schooling, American students receive a bachelor's degree at graduation.(F)4.When selecting a college or university, undergraduate students have a great concern forits size, location and academic quality.(T)ually, an undergraduate student has to earn 120 credits to receive a degree.(T)6.Yale university is the second eldest institution of higher learning in the United States.(F)7.It is The New York Times that first uncovered the Watergate Scandal in 1972 through theefforts of two reporters.(F)8.Thanksgiving Day falls on the fourth Tuesday in November.(F)选择题Chapter 1 ABDC DACC1.The two main islands of the British Isles are .A. Great Britain and IrelandB. Great Britain and ScotlandC. Great Britain and WalesD. Great Britain and England2.is the capital city of Scotland.A. BelfastB. EdinburghC. AberdeenD. Cardiff3.Among the four parts of the United Kingdom, is the smallest.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northern Ireland4.English belongs to the group of Indo-European family of languages.A. CelticB. Indo-IranianC. GermanicD. Roman5.The introduction of Christianity to Britain added the first element of words to English.A. Danish and FinnishB. Dutch and GermanC. French and ItalianD. Latin and Greek6.The evolution of Middle English was reinforced by the influence.A. NormanB. DutchC. GermanD. Danish7.Samuel Johnson’s dictionary was influential in establishing a standard form of .A. grammarB. handwritingC. spellingD. pronunciation8.At present, nearly of the world’s population communicate in English.A. halfB. a quarterC. one thirdD. one fifthChapter 2 DDCC ABAC1. The attack on Rome ended the Roman occupation in Britain in 410.A. NormanB. DanishC. CelticD. Germanic2.By the late 7th century, became the dominant religion in England.A. Celtic ChristianityB. Anglo-Saxon ChristianityC. Germanic ChristianityD. Roman Christianity3.The marked the establishment of feudalism in England.A. Viking invasionB. signing of the Magna CartaC. Norman ConquestD. Adoption of common law4.The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of .A. the House of ValoisB. the House of YorkC. the House of TudorD. the House of Lancaster5.The direct cause for the Religious Reformation was King Henry VIII’s effort to .A. divorce his wifeB. break with RomeC. support the ProtestantsD. declare his supreme power over the church6.The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between .A. Protestants and PuritansB. Royalists and ParliamentariansC. nobles and peasantsD. aristocrats and Christians7.was passed after the Glorious Revolution.A. Bill of RightsB. Act of SupremacyC. Provisions of OxfordD. Magna Carta8.The Industrial Revolution was accomplished in Britain by the middle of the century.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20thChapter 3 CDBA BBDC1. The British government is characterized by a division of powers between three of the followingbranches with the exception of the .A. judiciaryB. legislatureC. monarchyD. executive2.The importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effect on .A. passing the billsB. advising the governmentC. political partiesD. public attitude3.As a revising chamber, the House of Lords is expected to the House of Commons.A. rivalB. complementC. criticizeD. inspect4.is at the center of the British political system.A. The CabinetB. The House of LordsC. The House of CommonsD. The Privy Council5.The main duty of the British Privy Council is to .A. make decisionsB. give adviceC. pass billsD. supervise the Cabinet6.Generally speaking, the British Parliament operates on a system.A. single-partyB. two-partyC. three-partyD. multi-party7.The policies of the Conservative Party are characterized by pragmatism and .A. government interventionB. nationalization of enterprisesC. social reformD. a belief in individualism8.In Britain, the parliamentary general election is held every years.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. sixChapter 4 ACDC DBAC1. The in the early 1970s worsened an already stagnant economy in Britain.A. oil crisisB. high inflation ratesC. large importsD. unemployment problem2.Of the following practices, does not belong to Thatcher’s social welfare reform.A. reducing child benefitsB. shortening the unemployment benefits periodC. reducing the unemploymentD. lowering old age pensions3.The Blair government has been successful in all the following aspects except .A. limiting government spendingB. keeping inflation under controlC. reducing unemploymentD. reducing inequality4.Britain has devoted of its land area to agriculture.A. 54%B. 64%C. 74%D.84%5.Britain’s important fishing areas include all the following except .A. the North SeaB. the English ChannelC. The sea area around IrelandD. The sea area between Britain and Ireland6.Coal mining industry in Britain provides of the energy consumed in the country.A. 1/3B. 1/4C. 1/5D. 2/37.The car industry in Britain in mostly .A. foreign-ownedB. state-ownedC. joint-ventureD. privately-owned8.Of the following sectors in Britain, has experienced spectacular growth since the end ofWord War II.A. agricultureB. energy industryC. service industryD. manufacturing industry Chapter 5 DCBB CCDA1. In Britain, the division between grammar schools and vocational schools were ended by theintroduction of comprehensive schools in the .A. 1930sB. 1940sC. 1950sD. 1960s2.About of British children receive primary and secondary education through theindependent system.A. 5%B. 6%C. 7%D. 8%3.Partially funded by central government grants, the British universities receive their remaining fundsfrom all the following sources except .A. tuition feesB. loansC. donationsD. corporate contributions4.To be admitted to the Open University, one need .A. some educational qualificationsB. no educational qualificationsC. General Certificate of Education-AdvancedD. General National Vocational Qualifications5.Among Britain’s quality press, the following newspapers are regarded as the “Big Three” with theexception of .A. The TimesB. The GuardianC. The ObserverD. The Daily Telegraph6.Life on Earth is a kind of program produced by the BBC and is popular among 500 millionviewers worldwide.A. featureB. dramaC. documentaryD. soap opera7.is Britain’s top pay television provider.A. BSBB. SkyTVC. BBCD. BSkyB8.The following Christmas traditions are particularly British except .A. Trooping the ColorB. Queen’s Christmas messageC. Boxing DayD. Christmas pantomimeChapter 8 BCAB CDAD1. The U. S. lies in North America, with Canada to the north, Mexico to the south, the Atlanticto its and the Pacific to its .A. northern, east, westB. central, east, westC. southern, west, eastD. western, east, west2. The continental United States has statesA. 50B. 49C. 48D. 353.The state of is the largest in area of all the states.A. AlaskaB. HawaiiC. TexasD. Florida4.The largest river in the U. S. is .A. the Missouri RiverB. the Mississippi RiverC. the Ohio RiverD. the Colorado River5.Some of the world famous universities like Harvard, Yale and MIT are located in .A. the SouthB. the WestC. New EnglandD. the Midwest6.San Francisco, Los Angeles and San Diego all belong to .A. MontanaB. UtahC. MaineD.California7.The Immigrants Act of 1924 restricted the further immigration into the United States, particularlyfrom .A. EuropeB. AsiaC. AfricaD. South America8.The characteristic of the dominant American culture is .A. English-speaking, northern European, Roman Catholic and middle-classB. English-speaking, western European, Roman Catholic and upper-classC. English-speaking, northern European, Protestant and upper-classD. English-speaking, western European, Protestant and middle-classChapter 9 CCDB CACD1. The first successful English colony in North America was founded at in .A. Jamestown, LouisianaB. Boston, MassachusettsC. Jamestown, VirginiaD. Plymouth, Georgia2.The Seven Years’ War occurred between the .A. French and American IndiansB. French and SpaniardsC. French and BritishD. British and American Indians3.“No taxation without representation” was the rallying slogan of .A. the settlers of VirginiaB. the people of PennsylvaniaC. the colonists in New EnglandD. the people of the 13 colonies4.In May 1775, was held in Philadelphia and began to assume the functions of a nationalgovernment.A. the First Continental CongressB. the Second Continental CongressC. the Boston Tea PartyD. the Congress of Confederation5.Abraham Lincoln issued to grant freedom to all slaves.A. Declaration of IndependenceB. ConstitutionC. Emancipation ProclamationD. Bill of Rights6.The policy of the United States was at the beginning of the two world wars.A. neutralityB. full involvementC. partial involvementD. appeasement7.President applied New Deal to deal with the problems of the Great Depression.A. WilsonB. TrumanC. RooseveltD. Kennedy8.The Vietnam War was a long-time suffering for Americans, and it continued throughout the terms ofPresidents .A. Johnson, Nixon and FordB. Truman, Eisenhower and KennedyC. Kennedy, Johnson and NixonD. Eisenhower, Kennedy and JohnsonChapter 10 BCBD CCDC1. The U. S. Constitution came into effect in .A. 1787B. 1789C. 1791D. 17932.The Constitution of the United States .A. gives the most power to CongressB. gives the most power to the PresidentC. tries to give each branch enough power to balance the othersD. gives the most power to the Supreme Court3.The Bill of Rights .A. defines the rights of Congress and the rights of the PresidentB. guarantees citizens of the United States specific individual rights and freedomsC. is part of the Declaration of IndependenceD. has no relationship with the Constitution4.The terms for a Senator and Representative are and years respectively.A. two, fourB. two, threeC. two, sixD. six, two5.All the following except cannot make legislative proposal.A. the SenatorB. the RepresentativeC. the Secretary of StateD. the President6.The following except are all powers of the President.A. vetoing any bills passed by CongressB. appointing federal judges when vacancies occurC. making lawsD. issuing executive orders7.The Supreme Court is composed of justices.A. sixB. sevenC. eightD. nine8.The President is directly voted into office by .A. all citizens of AmericaB. the citizens over 18 years oldC. electors elected by the votersD. the senators and representativesChapter 11 BCBD CCDC1. America produces a major portion of the world’s products in the following fields except .A. machineryB. automobilesC. oreD. chemicals2.The modern American economy progressed from to , and eventually, to .A. colonial economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyB. farming economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyC. colonial economy, farming economy, industrial economyD. handcraft economy, farming economy, industrial economy3.Chartered companies were NOT granted the by the British King or Queen.A. political authorityB. economic rightsC. judicial authorityD. diplomatic authority4.urged the federal government to establish a national bank.A. George WashingtonB. President RooseveltC. Abraham LincolnD. Alexander Hamilton5.The following in ventions took place during the “second industrial revolution” except .A. typewriterB. telephoneC. electric lightD. refrigerator6.President Johnson tried to build a “Great Society” by introducing various programs like the followingexcept .A. MedicareB. Food StampsC. Education InitiativesD. Unemployment Pension7.The following statements are all true except .A. Agribusinesses reflect the big, corporate nature of many farm enterprises.B. Agribusinesses maintain a balanced trade pattern between agricultural imports and exports.C. Agribusinesses range from one-family corporations to multinational firms.D. Agribusinesses include a variety of farm businesses and structures.8. Employment in the sector has been increasing in the U.S. since the 1970s.A. serviceB. agricultureC. manufacturingD. high-tectChapter 12 CBBB CBBB1. Formal education in the United States consists of , secondary and higher education.A. kindergartenB. publicC. elementaryD. private2.Of the following subjects, are NOT offered to elementary school students.A. mathematics and languagesB. politics and business educationC. science and social studiesD. music and physical education3.Higher education in the United States began with the founding of .A. Yale UniversityB. Harvard UniversityC. Princeton UniversityD. New York University4.Of the following, are NOT among the categories of American higher education.A. universities and collegesB. research institutionsC. technical institutionsD. community colleges5.To get a bachelor’s degree, all undergraduate students are required to do the followingexcept .A. attending lectures and completing assignmentsB. passing examinationsC. working for communitiesD. earning a certain number of credits6.is sold especially to the upper or upper-middle class and it has a reputation for its seriousattitude and great bulk.A. The Washington PostB. The New York TimesC. Los Angeles TimesD. New York Daily News7.Of the following, is NOT among the three major radio and TV networks in America.A. the National Broadcasting System (NBS)B. the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS)C. the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS)D. the American Broadcasting System (ABS)8.The National Day of the United States falls on .A. June 4thB. July 4thC. June 14thD. July 14th第三大题Chapter 11.Why do tourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland?√They like to enjoy the beautiful Scottish scenery, to drink Scotch whisky and to see Scotsmen wearing kilts and playing bagpipes.2.How many periods can the development of the English language be divided into and what are they?√√----The development of the English language can be divided into three periods: Old English, Middle English and Modern English.3. Why did English become more important after Black Death?----The laboring and merchant classes grew in economic and social importance after the Black Death, so English also grew in importance compared to French.Chapter 21.What were Queen Victoria’s major achievements?Queen Victoria made tremendous achievements in almost every aspect. She promoted further industrialization, the building of railways and the growth of trade and commerce. During her reign, Britain developed into an empire including about a quarter of the global population and a quarter of the world’s landmass.2.What were the two camps in World WarⅠ?√In WorldⅠthe two camps were the Central Powers-mainly Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey and the Allies-mainly France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy and from 1917,the United States.3.Why did Britain cooperate closely with the United States after World WarⅡ?Britain cooperated closely with the United States after World WarⅡsince they were allied during World WarⅡand shared the same concerns about the Soviet Union.Chapter 51.What used to be the major functions of grammar schools and vocational schools inBritain?Grammar schools were to train the most academically capable students and prepare them for university, whereas vocational schools were to help the less successful students to learn a trade.2.What kind of subjects do British comprehensive schools provide?British comprehensive schools provide a general education, offering both academic subjects like literature and science, and more practical subjects like cooking andcarpentry.3.In what ways do British universities enjoy complete academic freedom?British universities enjoy complete academic freedom because they can appoint their own staff, decide which students to admit, provide their own courses and award their own degrees.4.What role does the media play in British leisure culture?The media plays an essential role in Britain leisure culture since it helps to shape the public’s opinion, determine people’s moral and political orientation and consolidate or undermine the rule of a government.Chapter 81.How is the American population distributed?The distribution of the American population is rather uneven the most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. The great plains have a comparatively small population .the so uth also has a population of almost 57.5million. the west is not densely populated ,except for some metropolitan centers like los Angeles and san Francisco . it has about 20% of the nation’s population.2.Why was the immigration act of 1942 instituted ?The new immigrants in the united states , being poor and accustomed to poverty , were willing to w ork for very low wages .this made other workers afraid that the immigrants would ls and take jobs aw ay from them . this opposition led to the immigration act of 1942.Chapter 91.Why did American change its policy and enter world war II? √√Because of the formation of the axis , the American government feared that the axis countries were wining the war and it might threaten America’s security and interests . it began to provide war equip ment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the axis power . the Japanese air raid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for America’s entrance into the war.2.What were Nixon’s well-known contributions during his presidency?a) brought the Vietnam war to a closeb)reestablishing U.S. relations with chinac) negotiating the firststrategic arms limitation treaty with the former soviet union .3.What were the contents of Reagan’s economic program?Reagan’s economic program called for reductions in income taxes and business taxes in order to e ncourage investment , and it also requested that many government regulations be eliminated so as t o reduce the federal government’s role in the day-to-day operation of business.Chapter 101.What are the two characteristics of the U.S. constitution?One is “checks and balances”, the other is that the power of the federal government and of the state governments are specified in the Constitution.2.What are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively?A senator must be over 30 years old,a U.S. citizen for at least nine years, and a resident in the state which they represent . A representative should be at least 25 years old anda U.S. citizen for no less than seven years.3.What are the major powers of the Supreme Court in the USA？√√a)to interpret lawsb) to hear appeals from any federal court cases;c)to hear appeals from state court cases that involve the constitution or national lawsd)may declare a law unconstitutionale) may declare a presidential act unconstitutional.4.What is the difference between the democrats and the republicans in terms of politicalopinions?Generally speaking, the Democrats Party has a liberal ideology, while the Republicans Party is more conservative.The democrats want the government to play an important role in the economy and emp hasize full employment as a matter of national concern they favor civil rights laws , a str ong social security system which gives enterprises a greater freedom and demand that t he government control inflation. They stress the need for law and order, and oppose co mplete government social programs and free choice of abortion they also favor a strong military posture and assertive stand in international relations.Chapter 111.What industry developments took place during the colonial period of America?During the colonial period ,the secondary industries developed as the colonies grew .a variety of specialized sawmills and gristmills appeared. Colonists established shipyardsto build fishing fleets and trading vessels . they also built small iron forges . by the 18th century , regional patterns of development in America had become clear.2.How did the civil war affect the American economy? √√After the civil war , the large southern cotton plantations became much less profitable . northern industries , which had expanded rapidly because of the demands of the war ,s urged ahead.3.Why does America try to reduce trade barriers?Because the united states has increasingly realized that open bilateral trade will not onl y advance its own economic interests, but also enhance domestic stability and its peaceful relationship with other nations.Chapter 121.How does an American university choose its applicants?a)their high school records;b) recommendations from their high school teachers;c) the impression they make during interviews at the university;d) their scores on the SAT.2.What functions do American higher education institutions perform?。

《英语国家概况》课后题参考答案

《英语国家概况》课后题参考答案Chapter Thirteen Geography1. How many states are there in the United States? Which one is the largest and which one is the smallest?There are 50 states in the United States. The largest one in area is Alaska and Rhode Island the smallest.2. Why does the United States have an ideal location for trade?The United States has an ideal location for trade. Its Atlantic coast faces the developed countries of Western Europe and its Pacific coast and Hawaii give the nation an approach to the Far East and Australasia. So the United States is well connected to the rest of the world.3. Look at a physical map of the United States and find out and name the main mountain ranges, rivers and lakes in the United States.There are two main mountain ranges in the United States. They are the Appalachian mountains and the Rocky mountains. Many important rivers in the United States include the Mississippi River and its two tributaries- the Missouri and the Ohio, two great rivers on the Pacific coast the Colorado and the Columbia, the Rio Grande River, the Hudson River and the Potomac. The most important lakes in the United States are the Great Lakes including Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. They are located between Canada and the United States except Lake Michigan.4. What are the benefits of the lakes, rivers and seacoasts of the United States?The Lakes and rivers form a complete system of water ways which provides cheap transportation for materials. Many swift rivers provide good sources of hydroelectric power. The long and irregular seacoasts provide many excellent harbors.5. What are the factors which influence the climate of the United States?The most important factors are the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans, the Gulf of Mexico and the Great Lakes. The western mountain ranges have an important effect on the climate of the Far West.6. How many types of climate can be found in the United States? What are they?Six types of climate can be found in the United States. They are the humid continental climate in the northeastern part of the country, the humid subtropical climate in the southeastern United States, the continental steppe climate of the Great Plains, the continental desert climate of the intermountain region, the maritime climate in the Pacific northwest and the Mediterranean climate in the southern part of the Pacific coast.7. How many geographical regions can be found in the United States? What are they?Traditionally from the east to west the United States can be divided into seven geographical region. They areNew England, the Middle Atlantic States, the Midwest, the South, the Great Plains, Rockies and Intermountain region or the American West, the Pacific Coast and the New States.8. What are the major economic activities of the Midwest and the South of the United States?The Midwest has the most developed agriculture. It is also a major manufacturing region and the nation’s leading centre of heavy industry. The South is rich in mineral resources and has light as well as heavy industries. It produces over half of the petroleum. It contains 90% of the American textile industry. It has a large agriculture. 9. Why is the tourist trade so important in the American West?Because much of the Rocky mountain area is too mountainous for grazing, and very little of it is usable farmland. And the government has set aside large areas of land as national parks.10. List three geographical differences between Alaska and Hawaii.The two states have many contrasts. Alaska occupies the north-western corner of North America. It extends northward into the Arctic Circle. Hawaii is located in the Pacific Ocean in the tropic. Alaska has the largest land area of all the states, and Hawaii has one of the smallest land areas.。

英语国家概况(谢福之版)总复习资料

---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ 英语国家概况(谢福之版)总复习资料.The United Kingdom of Great Britain andNorthern IrelandChapter 1 Geography, People and Language全名: the United Kingdom of Great Britain（大不列颠联合王国）and Northern Ireland （北爱尔兰） . 由成千上万的小岛组成（the British Isles）. 两大岛屿：Great Britain（大不列颠） and Ireland （爱尔兰）The River Thames (second longest and most important),originates（起源于）in southwestern England -----North Sea. Scotland ( Edinburgh 爱丁堡) important river:Clyde River kilts（苏克兰小短裙） Wales( Cardiff 加迪夫，著名港口).The Severn River is the longest river of Britain------flow through western England. Northern Ireland (Belfast 贝尔法斯特，首府)Lough Neagh----the largest lake in the British Isles. Climate: temperate, with warm summers, cool winters and plentiful precipitation(降雨量)，冬暖夏凉，降雨充沛 Three major features: winter fog, rainy day, instability 冬天多雾，常年多雨，天气不定 London---Buckingham Palace（白金汉宫）, Guildhall (市政厅),St. Paul’s Cathedral（圣保罗大教堂）, The Tower Bridge of London（伦敦塔桥） The majority of the population is descendants of the Anglo-Saxons, a Germanic people from Europe. 大部分的人口是盎格鲁-撒克逊人的后裔，从1/ 18欧洲来的日耳曼人Most people in Wales and Scotland are descendants of the Celtic people, including the Irish people 威尔士和苏格兰的大多数人都是凯尔特人的后裔，包括爱尔兰人English belongs to the Indo-European family of languages. English is in the Germanic group.英语属于日耳曼语语系Germanic group: East Germanic, North Germanic, West Germanic. English evolved from the West Germanic group.日耳曼语系：东日耳曼语，北日耳曼语，西日耳曼语。

英语国家概况_Chapter10_government

1. US Constitution
Significance of the Constitution Taking precedence over all state constitutions and laws, and over laws made by the congress;
First of its kind in the world, it has inspired dozens of other countries to seek political reform.
President is chief of the executive. first citizen his wife—First Lady
Oval Office: Bush’s New Rug

2.2.1 Departments & White House
历史古书的文字赋予新的意义：当大家走伟大的道路时，世界所有的人都将是平等的)。
Reagan:
Many centuries ago, Wang Po, a famous Chinese poetphilosopher, wrote, "Although we reside in far corners of the world, having a good friend is akin to having a good neighbor." Senior Bush (1989) There's a Chinese proverb that says: "One generation plants a tree; the next sits in its shade."
The United States of America

英语国家概况名词解释

英语国家概况名词解释英国部分Chapter1◆Official name 官方名称：The official name of the United Kingdom is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.◆British Empire 大英帝国：About a hundred years ago, as a result of its imperialist expansion, Britain ruled an empire that had one fourth of the world’s people and one fourth of the world’s land area. However, the two world wars greatly weakened Britain. The British colonies became independent one after another. The British Empire gradually disappeared and it was replaced by the British Commonwealth in 1931.◆Commonwealth of Nations/the British Commonwealth 英联邦：It’s a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain. It was established in 1931, replacing the former British Empire. Member nations are joined together economically and have certain trading arrangements. The Commonwealth has no special power. The decision to became a member of the Commonwealth is left to each nation .At present there are 50 member countries within the Commonwealth.Chapter2◆Heptarchy七王国：During the Anglo—Saxon’s time, Britain was divided into many kingdoms. These seven principal kingdoms of Kent,Essex,Sussex,Wessex,East,Anglia,Mercia and Northumbria. They were giventhe name of Heptarchy.◆Alfred the Great 亚尔弗雷得大帝：Alfred was the King of Wessex, who was strong enough to defeat the invading Danes and reached a friendly agreement with them. He founded a strong fleet and is known as “the father of the British navy” .He reorganized the Saxon army, making it more efficient. He established schools and formulated a legal system. He translated books from Latin into English.◆William the Conqueror 征服者威廉：He was also known as William, Duke of Normandy. In 1066, he invaded England, defeated and killed Harold near Hastings in Sussex and conquered England. He confiscated almost all the land and gave it to his Norman followers. He replaced the weak Saxon rule with a strong Norman government. So the feudal system was completely established in England. Chapter3◆Domesday Book 末日审判书：It’s a book compiled by a group of clerks under the sponsorship of King William the First in 1086.The book was in fact a property record. It was the result of a general survey of England. It recorded the extent, value, state of cultivation, and ownership of the land. It was one of the important measures adopted by William I to establish the full feudal system in England. Today, it’s kept in the Public Records Office in London.◆The Great Charter[Magna Carta]大宪章： The Great Charter has been also known as Magan Carta which King John was forced to sign in 1215.The Great Charter has been regarded as the foundation of English liberties, a guarantee of the freedom of the Church and the spirit of it was the limitation of the powers of the King.◆Joan of Arc 圣女贞德：Joan of Arc was a national heroine in French history. She led and encouraged the French in driving the English out of France in the HundredYear’s War.Chapter4◆The Wars of the Roses 玫瑰战争：The name Wars of the Roses was refer to the battles between the House of Lancaster, symbolized by the white, from 1455 to 1485.Henry Tudor, descendant of Duke of Lancaster won victory at Bosworth Field in 1485 and put the country under the rule of the Tudors, From these wars, English feudalism received its death blow. The great medieval nobility was much weakened.◆Bloody Mary血腥玛丽：It’s the nickname given to Mary I, the English Queen who succeeded to the throne after Henry Ⅷ.She was a devout Catholic and had so many Protestants burnt to death that shi is remembered less by her official title Mary I by her nickname Bloody Mary.◆The English Renaissance 英国文艺复兴：(1)Renaissance was a cultural movement in Europe from the 14th century to the 16th century.(2)It originated in Italy and began to come to England in the late 15th century.(3)The English Renaissance was largely literary, and achieved its finest expression in poetry, drama and prose.(4)The greatest literary writer of the English Renaissance was William Shakespeare.Chapter5◆The Reform Act of 1832 改革法案： (1)It’ s also known as the Greater Charter of 1832, it was passed by Parliament in 1832.(2)According to the Act, “rotten boroughs” were abolished, and parliament seats were redistributed more fairly among the growing industrial towns.(3)It also gave the vote to many householder and tenants who were required to have certain property.◆Charles Darwin 查尔斯达文：(1)A famous British scientist in the 19th century.(2)He has been especially remembered for his important book“the Origins of Species” in which he developed his theory of evolution.(3)The theory of evolution caused evident reaction of the Victorians and contributed to the decay of Victorianism.◆The Victorian Age 维多利亚时期：(1)It refers to monarchy of Britain under Queen Victoria from 1837 to 1901, the longest reign in British history.(2)The Victorian Age was an age of national development and national optimism.(3)The Victorians were very religious and conservative in family life. It was also, in its later stages, an age of imperialism.◆The State of Westminster 威斯敏斯特条例：(1)In 1931, the British Parliament passed a bill which later has been known as the Statute of Westminster, according to which, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Southern Ireland, New Foundland and South Africa turned into “Dominions”.(2)These selfgovernment both internally and externally, although they still regarded the British monarch as their head of state .(3)This marked the disruption of the British Empire and the establishment of the British Commonwealth.◆The Europe Economic Community 欧共体：(1)Also known as the Common Market, it was established by the Treaty of Rome on January 1,1958.(2)Originally it was composed of six Western Europe countries—France, West Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Belgium and Luxemburg.(3)Britain didn’t become a full member of the Community until 1973. Today, there are altogether 12 member in the Community.Chapter7◆The Constitutional monarchy 君主立宪制：It’s a political system that has been practiced in Britain since the Glorious Revolution of 1688.According to this system; the Constitution is superior to the Monarch. In law, the Monarch has many supreme powers, but in practice, the real power of monarchy has been greatly reduced and today the Queen acts solely on the advice of her ministers. She reigns but doesn’t rule. The real power lies in the Parliament, or to be exact in the House of Commons.◆The British Constitution英国宪法：It’s not written in any single document. It’ s made up of Statute Law, common law and Conventions. It’s more flexible than the written constitution of other countries.◆British Parliament 英国议会：It includes three elements: the Sovereign, the House of Lords and the House of Commons. It’s the Supreme lawmaking authority in Britain. The real center of parliamentary power lies in the House of Commons. Its other functions include: to control and criticize the executive government; to control the raising and the spending of money.Chapter9◆The Church of England 英格兰国教：(1)Also called the Anglican Church, it’s one of the many Protestant sects which broke away from Roman Catholic church during the Reformation tin the 16th century.(2)It’s an established church which means that it represents the official state religion.(3)Its religious leader is the Archbishop of Canterbury and its secular leader is the British Monarch.◆Free Churches 自由教会：(1)Also known as NonConformist Churches in England, Free churches are protestant sect that have separated from the established church of England.(2)These include the Methodist, the Congregational, the Baptist,an the Quakers, and many others.(3)All these sects agree on the essentials of Christianity, but have different forms of service and points of emphasis.◆The Quakers 贵格派：(1)Also known as the Religious Society of Friends. The Quakers are a Protestant group that originated in England in the 17th century, under George Fox.(2)They refuse to participate in the church of England services.(3)They advocate simple living and hard work and believe in complete equality and fraternity.Chapter10◆The elevenplus 十一岁附加考试：（1）Under the old selective system of secondary education in Britain, the “elevenplus” is the examination taken by children in their last year at primary school.(2)The results of this examination determine the kind of secondary schooling each child will receive.(3)Those with the highest marks go to grammar school ;other children may go to technical schools or secondary modern schools.(4)In the 1960s and 70s, this examination was abolished and has ever since gradually been replaced by comprehensive schools which take children of all abilities.◆Grammar schools 语法学校： (1)It’ s a type of state secondary schools in Britain. It has been in existence since the 16th century.(2)These schools concentrate on academic subjects and expect many of their children to take higher examinations and go on to universities.(3)Now, its importance in the British educational system has been largely diminished due to the growth of comprehensive schools.◆Public school公学：(1)It’s a kind of independent privatelyowned secondary boarding schools in Britain.(2)These schools are financially supported by tuition fees and private funds.(3)Most of their students come from rich families and arevery likely to go on to famous universities.(4)The word “public” is a traditional one with little meaning today since far from being public these schools are restricted to a comparatively small section of the population.◆Prep schools 准备学校：(1)Also called preparatory schools. They are private elementary schools in Britain, which prepare their students for public schools.(2)The prep school curriculum differs considerably from that of the state junior schools, and there is a distinctive emphasis on classical subjects.(3)At the age of thirteen, the pupils will take the “common entrance” examination for admission to a public school.◆Open University 开放大学：(1)As a new type of higher education, Open University only appeared in Britain in 1969.(2)It’ s open to everybody, especially to people who have missed the opportunity for higher education.(3)It doesn’t demand the same formal qualification as the other universities.(4)It uses modern communications means such as television, radio or correspondence.(5)It’s nonresidential although there is a network of study centers throughout the country for contact with tutors and fellow students.(6)After passing the examinations of all required course, students are awarded a university degree.◆Comprehensive schools 综合中学：Comprehensive schools take pupils without reference to ability or aptitude and provide a wideranging secondary education for all or most of the children in a district.◆The Times 泰晤士报： (1)It’ s the most famous of all British national newspapers and is read by the most important British all over the world.(2)Politically it is independent, though it is traditionally inclined to be more sympathetic to the Conservative Party.(3)It’s not an organ of the British government and has areputation for extreme caution is its attitude.◆BBC 英国广播公司：(1)It’s the abbreviation of British Broadcasting Corporation.(2)It has both radio and television services.(3)For radio broadcasting, it uses 39 languages and broadcasts to the whole world.(4)There is no advertisement on any BBC program.(5)It’s financed by payments which must be made by all people who own television sets.(6)It has a Board of Governors, who are appointed by the Government.美国部分Chapter14WASPs：Traditionally, the mainstreams American were called WASPs, that is, White Anglo—Saxon Protestants.◆Indentured Servants 契约劳工：Indentured servants refer to some immigrants who had to work for a fixed term for their masters to repay the cross—Atlantic fare and debts.◆Ellis Island 爱利斯岛：Ellis Island of New York was an important immigration reception spot in the 1980s and at the turn of the century.Sunbelt areas 阳光地带：Chapter15◆Bill of Right 人权法案：(1)In 1789,James Madison introduced in the House of Representatives a series of amendments which later were drafted into twelve proposed amendments and sent to the states for ratification.(2)Ten of them were ratified in 1791 and this first ten amendments to the constitution were called the Bill of Rights because they were to insure individual liberties.◆Uncle Tom’s Cabin汤姆叔叔的小屋：It’s written by Beecher Stowe’s novelUncle Tom’s Cabin, public feeling against slavery was increased. Many people joined the abolitionists. They considered slavery inhuman and brutal.◆Emancipation Proclamation解放宣言：Lincoln issues it during the Civil War, when Lincoln realized that he could win support for the Union at home and abroad by making war a just war against slavery. Under the Emancipation of Proclamation, all slaves in areas still controlled by the Confederacy were freed.◆Abolitionists 废奴主义者：They were people, mostly Northern humanitarians, who strongly opposed slavery and aimed to abolish the system.◆The Constitutional Convention制宪会议：(1)Since 1781, the thirteen states had been governed by the Articles of Confederation which set up a very weak central government.(2)In May,1787,the Constitutional Convention met in Philadelphia with instructions to revise the Articles of Confederation.(3)After much debate, the Constitution was later ratified.◆The “Great Compromise”大妥协： On the American constitutional Convention, contradictions emerged between the bigger and smaller states, between the industrial—commercial interests and landed interests, etc. The Great Compromise of July 16,1787,gave each state an equal vote in the Senate, making representation in the House reflect the size of each state’s population.◆The Federalist Papers 联邦文集：(1)During the ratification period, beginning on October 27,1787, the newspapers of New York City carried at short intervals a total of 85 letters to the public written under the name of Publius.(2) Later it was known that these letters were written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Jay and they came to be called the Federalist Papers.◆The Compromise of 1850 1850 年妥协：(1)With the territorial expansiontowards the west, the problem of whether slavery should be allowed to spread into these areas arose. (2)The compromise of 1850 was passed which allowed California to be accepted as a free state, New Mexico and Utah to be organized as territories without legislation either for or against slavery and more efficient machinery to be set up for returning runaway slaves to their masters.◆The Boston Tea Party波士顿倾茶事件：In 1773,when ships carried tea reached Boston, the governor decided to protest the distribution of tea. Several dozen Boston residents dressed as Indians boarded the ships at night and threw the tea into the harbor. This came to be known as the “Boston Tea Party ”.Chapter16◆The Muckrakers 揭丑者：The Muckrakers, a group of reform—minded journalists, made investigations and exposed various dark sides of the seemingly prosperous society.◆The Progressive Movement 进步运动：The Progressive Movement, a movement demanding government regulation of the economy and social conditions, spread quickly with the support of large numbers of people across the country .The Progressive Movement was not an organized campaign with clearly defined goals. Rather, it was a number of diverse efforts at political, social, and economic reforms.◆The Big Four 四大列强：It refers to the four most influential countries after the WWI. They were the United State, Britain, France, and Italy.`◆Henry Ford 亨利福特： Henry Ford was one of the most admired businessmen in the 1920s.He introduced the assembly line into automobile production.◆The Red Scare 红色恐惧：Between 1919 and 1920, the Red Scare happened in American where at that time a highly aggressive and intolerance nationalismexisted. On November 7,1919, and January 2,1920, the Justice Department launched two waves of mass arrests. Over 4,000 suspected communists and radicals were arrested and many were forced to leave the United States.◆The ku Klux Klan三 K 党：The KKK was first organized in 1866 and then reformed in 1867 after the Civil War in the South and by 1924 it claimed membership of four to five million. It was a violent society, which terrorized and attacked on not only blacks, but also progressives, communist and socialist party members, etc.◆The Black Thursday黑色星期四： It refers to the day of October 24,1929.On that day the New York stock market collapsed and the Great Depression began.◆The Great Depression 大萧条：(1)It refers to the economic depression started from the New York stock marker collapse on October 24,1929.(2)After that, thousands of bands and businesses failed.(3)Many people lost their jobs.(4)It was due the New Deal started in 1933 and the defense build up before and during the WWII, that the United States finally recovered from the Great Depression. Chapter17（1） George Kennan was a highranking official in the ◆George Kennan乔治坎南：American embassy to Moscow.(2)He sent a long telegram to the State Department and suggested the containment policy towards the Soviet Union.◆The Truman Doctrine 杜鲁门主义：On March 12,1949, American President Truman made the open declaration of containment policy in a speech to the joint session of Congress. The US would support any country which said it was fighting against Communism. This is the Truman Doctrine.◆The Marshall Plan马歇尔计划：It was announced by Secretary of State GeorgeMarshall on June 5,1947.The purpose of the Plan was to offer Western Europe countries economic aid and to protect Western Europe from possible Soviet expansion.◆McCarthyism 麦卡锡主义：(1)Senator Joseph R. McCarthyism started a campaign of wild accusation and arrests in 1950s.(2)His fullscale antiCommunist hysteria was called McCarthyism.(3)In 1954 he was condemned by the Senate and McCarthyism ended.◆War Power Act战争权利法案： (1)The Vietnam War led to contradiction between Congress and the Executive.(2)The War Power Act was passed to limit the President’s power in sending troops abroad and required the President to consult Congress before any such decision.◆The New Frontier 新边疆计划：It was the name of American President Kennedy’s program which promised civil rights for blacks, federal aid to farmers and to education, medical care for all and abolition of poverty.◆The Civil Right Act of 19641964 年民权法案：Within months Johnson had signed into law the Civil Right Act of 1964, which outlawed discrimination not only in public housing, but also in employment on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.Chapter18◆Monetarist policies货币主义政策： Since the American economy was plagued by stagflation, in the early 1980s, the traditional Keynesian theory was replaced by new monetarist, which sought to fight inflation by increasing supply and reducing demand. On one hand, taxes were cut to increase economic dynamism. On the other hand, interest rates were raised to reduce the supply of money.Chapter19◆The Federal system联邦制：In American, the Federal system has two layers of rule. There is a central or federal government for nation. There are also state or local government. Each layer of government has separate and distinct powers laid down in the Constitution.◆Separation of powers 三权分立：The government is divided into three branches, the legislative, the executive and the judicial, each has part of the powers but not all the power.◆Checks and balances 权利制衡：This is a major principle of the American government system by which each branch of the government exercises a check on the actions of others. Such three branches as the legislative, the executive, and the judicial are thus in balance. This is called “checks and balances”.◆The Supreme Court 最高法院：The Supreme Court is the highest court of the United States and is the only organ, which has the power to interpret the Constitution. The Supreme Court at present consists of a Chief Justice and eight Association Justices.Chapter20◆Public schools 公立学校：Public schools, usually larger in size, are created , financially supported and governed by states or communities.◆Private schools 私立学校： There’ re by religious groups, or nonreligious private organization or individuals.◆Diversity of American education美国教育的多样化：(1)Diversity considered to be and outstanding characteristic of American education.(2)This can be seen not only in the type, size and control of the institutions but educational policies andpractices.(3)As is stated by the Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, education is a function of the state, not the federal government.(4)As each state has the freedom the develop its own school system and delegate its power over education to local districts, many variation can be found in the education system of the 50 states.◆State board of education州教育委员会：An elected or appointed board. It’s responsible for establishing policies and, through a state department of education, delegates authority for the operation of schools to local school districts.◆School districts 学区：(1)They are subdivisions of the states.(2)Currently, there are some 15,500 operating local public school districts.(3)Each local school district has a government board which is usually elected by the voters.(4)Its major responsibilities are the hiring of professional and support staff, determining the most suitable local curriculum, and budget to carry out educational programs.◆High school 高中：High schools are made up of comprehensive, academic, vocational and technical schools with somewhat different tasks.◆The general standards for admission to institutions 入学标准水平：They include successful completion of high school, high school grade point average (GPAP) and class rank, course studied in areas of English, mathematics, and science and results from standardized tests such as the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) and American College Testing Program’s examination (ACTP). Open admissions are also being practiced in some public institutions.◆Graduate study 研究生教育：(1)Graduate study, both at the master’s and doctoral levels, is intended to prepare students for professional work.(2)At the master’s level the program is primarily course oriented, an extension ofundergraduate study. The master’s degree can normally be earned in one year by students holding a bachelor’s degree in the field of study; in some cases, the program is designed to require two years.(3)The program of study for the Ph.D. is rarely as specific as that for the master’s degree. The student’s program is usually decided by the student and his advisor or with a committee of professors. It’ s based on the student’s previous study and experience and career plan and interests. The doctoral program requires at least three years’ postgraduate study including the master’s degree. The average number of years’ study beyond the bachelor’s degree for the Ph.D. is roughly about 5—8 years.◆Community college 社区大学：(1)An aspect of American higher education that has drawn attention is the community college and the role it plays.(2)In the early 1900s, this kind of twoyears colleges emerged to meet the immediate need of the economic expansion and rapid rise in immigrants of the times.(3)Since then, it has undergone a rapid growth. It calls for education to serve the good of both the individual and society. It embodies general and liberal education career and vocational education and adult and continuing education. It performs important function. The guiding principle of it is higher education for every one.Chapter21◆Benjamin Franklin本杰明富兰克林：(1)He was the only writer in the colonial period whose works are read today.(2)There are very famous saying in his Poor Richard’s Almanac.(3)His uncompleted autobiography is perhaps the first real American writing as well as the first real autobiography in English.◆Knickerbockers era 纽约市人时代：In the early 19th century, New York City is the center of American writing. Its writers called “Knickerbockers”. The periodfrom 1810 to 1840 is known as the “Knickerbockers era” of American literature. The name comes from A History of New York, written by Washington Irving.◆华盛顿欧文：(1)He was the first American writer who gained international fame.(2)His book A History of New York gives the name “Knickerbockers era ” to the period from 1810 to 1840.His book created a lot of interest in the local history of New York.(3)His most famous book was“The Sketch Book”containing two of the best loved stories from American Literature “Rip Van Winkle” and “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”.◆Ralph W. Emerson and Transcendentalism 爱默生和先验主义：(1) In the 1830s and 1840s, there emerged a movement among American young intellectuals, which emphasized man’s potentiality for goodness, creativity and selfdevelopment. It was called “Transcendentalism”.(2)Emerson was regarded as the leader of this movement. In “Nature” he stared that man shouldn’t see nature merely as something to be used; that man’s relationship with nature transcends the idea of usefulness.(3)In his speech “The American Scholar”, which was considered the intellectual Declaration of Independence, he attacked the influence of tradition and the past, and called for a new burst of American creativity. A man should know himself through intuition and the study of nature, not of books.(4)His other famous books include Selfreliance, Representative Men, English Traits and Poems.◆Nathaniel Hawthorne 霍桑：(1)One of those who attacked Transcendentalism with no regard for any social impact.(2)He thought that man was superior to all other living things because man could make a conscious choice between good and evil.(3)In his most famous novel “The Scarlet Letter” the considers the effect on an individual’s character of guilty conscience, of hypocrisy and of hatred.◆Mark Twain 马克吐温：(1)His real name was Samuel Langhorne Clemens. He gained a wide knowledge of humanity through his life experience.(2)In 1865, he became famous with his short story“The celebrate Jumping Frog” .(3)His boyhood experience furnished his with ample material for writing. “The Adventures of Tom Sawyer” was an immediate success as “a boy book”, and “The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn” became his master work.(4)All stories of his novels are simple and he represented American social life through portrayal of local places he knew best and through his colloquial style. His other famous book are :”A Tramp Abroad”, “Life on the Mississippi”.◆Walt Whitman 沃尔特惠特曼：(1)American poet, he praised an emerging America, its expansion and its individualism. He broke free from the convention of the poetic rhyme exhibiting a freedom in from unknown before.(2)In his master piece “Leaves of Grass”, he praised the ideas of equality and democracy and celebrated the dignity, the selfreliant spirit and the joy of the common man.(3)He was the first to explore fully the possibilities of free verse. He invented a completely new and completely American form of poetic expression.◆Emily Dickinson 艾米莉迪更森： (1)She was female American poet. She praised an emerging America, its expansion and individualism.(2)Cut off from the outside world, she created a very personal and pure kind of poetry. Her poetry is now seen as very modern for its time.(3)She made the “search for faith ”one of the great themes of her work. Apart from Bible, her most important guide in this search war the philosophy of Emerson.◆Theodore Dreiser 西奥多德莱曼：(1)He was one of the naturalists who in their works reported truthfully and objectively the life in the slums.(2)His first novel。

英语国家概况10

阮清
英语10-3
69
311014010314
苏琪
英语10-3
70
311014010315
王方华
英语10-3
71
311014010316
王娇
英语10-3
72
311014010317
王梦晓
英语10-3
73
311014010320
袁亚衡
英语10-3
74
311014010323
张玉玲
英语10-3
75
311014010324
张远先
英语10-1
A
A
27
311014010131
周凯阳
英语10-1
28
311014010201
暴冰
英语10-2
29
311014010202
陈灿
英语10-2
30
311014010203
陈娇
英语10-2
31
311014010204
陈香南
英语10-2
32
311014010205
郭瑞玲
英语10-2
33
311014010206
13
311014010114
唐赛赛
英语10-1
14
311014010115
王建霞
英语10-1
15
311014010116
王军鹤
英语10-1
16
311014010117
王亚南
英语10-1
17
311014010118
韦亚辉
英语10-1
18
311014010119
邢双
英语10-1
19

2013-14学年英语国家概况教材部分答案1(澳,新,爱)

Key to exercisesAustraliaChapter I The Making of the NationExercise:1. Fill in the blanks with proper words from Text.(1) “the Oldest Continent” “the Last of Lands”“the Last Frontier.”(2) Aboriginals (3) convicts (4) Gold Rush (5) Canberra (6) license(7) the Age of Exploration (8) Great Depression(9) Melbourne Agreement 10) The Australia ActQuestion for DiscussionKeys :1.Europeans wanted to make more brief trade voyage from Europe into nearby continents;While Europeans explored North America for religion freedom and more land exploration. 2.First, try every effort to protect the languages including Australian Aboriginal English,Australian Aboriginal languages, and Australian Aboriginal sign languages, for languages will best convey the way of their thinking and the way of their doing things generation by generation. Second, try every effort to establish museums where this unique culture is exhibited so that more people become aware that Aboriginal culture is country’s remarkable heritage that can not afford to lose. Third, to give equal rights to Aborigines, like voting, public education, law suits.3.The gold rush of 1850 had many major influences. Because of gold rush Australianagricultural industry stands firm and will remain to for a very long time. The gold rush also played a very large influence on immigration seeking wealth, increasing the population of Australia at a time in which population was very low and people did not want to settle in such an unstable country. But most importantly it bought a great amount of wealth to Australia, kick starting out economy.4.Multiculturalism is the heart of Australia’s cultural identity. It is the acceptance andappreciation of the many different cultures and ethnicities that creates Australia’s national make-up. A multicultural policy has been created to provide equality for all Australian’s regardless of their gender, race, culture, religion and language. This policy ensures that the rights of all Australian’s are met and that the skills of each Australian are utilized and valued.5.These countries could now conduct treaties and agreements with foreign powers, and managetheir own military strategies. People, in no way, feel subordinate one to another in any aspect of their domestic or external affairs.3. Terms for explanation:1)colonization：Human colonization is a narrower category than the related concept ofcolonialism. Colonization refers strictly to migration, for example, to settler colonies, trading posts, and plantations, while colonialism deals with this as well as the ruling of newterritories' existing peoples.2) Dreamtime：a complex and all-embracing concept embodying the past, present, and future from Australian Aboriginals.3) Age of Exploitation: the 17th century outward movement by European countries with naval abilities4) Federation: a political entity characterized by a union of partially self-governing states or regions united by a central government.5) Melbourne Agreement: During Great Depression, the Bank of England sent an envoy to Melbourne to persuade the Australian Government to slash government spending, cancel public works, cut public service salaries and decrease welfare benefits which became known as the “Melbourne Agreement”.Chapter II Australian EconomyWatch the video clips of Election Campaign and finish the tasks that follow.Exercise:1. Fill in the blanks with proper words from Text.Key:1)wool2)mineral exploitation3)foreign investment4)farming5)immigration6)political movement7)economy deregulation8)small domestic market9)service industry10)cattle2. Questions on this unit:1) Australia needs foreign investment to need the demands of shortfall of domestic savings against domestic saving needs. Foreign capital, as a direct inflow, will allow people to enjoy higher rates of economic growth, employment and higher living standard.2) Politics will enable economy to maintain a stable policy and stable economic growth. Therefore, investors will have direct prospect of economic tendency and make a positive forecast. Changes in politics may lead to changes in development and planning of long-term economic planning.3) To maintain a secure property rights and stable political system will enable people to have a better life in equality and their rights are well recognized and respected. This policy will protect capital outflow and domestic productivity will have affluent supply of current supply.4) Similarity: Those countries were quite remote from European continent, unpopulated, rich mineral resources in India, Australia, and Canada. Immigration policy played a key role in early development and Gold Rush became common for early settlers. Export to European continent allow them to have remarkable economic growth.Difference: Each country has a distinctive development policy, based on their natural conditions,like Australia, a region rich in animal farming and mineral resources, and India, a region rich in crop farming and tea plantation.5) Immigration policy will allow a country to have a diversity of social life, which attracts investment as well as increase the brain power. A perfect immigration policy will foster domestic supply and consumption. It will help to eliminate racial discrimination and maintain social stability.3. Terms for explanation:1) Deregulation is the act or process of removing or reducing state regulation. It is therefore opposite of regulation, which refers to the process of the government regulating certain activities.2) Mercantilism is the economic doctrine that government control of foreign trade is of paramount importance for ensuring the military security of the country. In particular, it demands a positive balance of trade.3) In the British Army, the Commissariat was a uniformed civilian service until 1869, when its officers transferred to the new Control Department as commissioned Army officers.4) Services sector is one of the three economic sectors; the service sector consists of the “soft” parts of the economy, activities where people offer their knowledge and time to improve productivity, performance, potential, and sustainability. The basic characteristic of this sector is the production of services instead of end products. Services include attention, advice, access, experience, and discussion.5) Underpinned economic expansion is the process of strengthening and stabilizing the foundation of an existing economic structure.Chapter 3 Culture Diversity and lifestyleExercisesKey:1) diversity2) 25.6%3) shared values4) favorable climate5) Greg Norman6) Melbourne7) suburban character8) The Australian Ballet9) Georgian10) independent2. Questions on this unit:1) Today, with the development of globalization, information and capital are transcending geographical boundaries and reshaping the relationships between the marketplace, states and citizens. Maintaining variety of cultures may help to understand the world, like values and ethnics as to manage domestic affairs. Cultural diversity will improve communication between races andlanguages, which contributes social stability and growth.2) This term is to persuade people to be more aware, open and accepting of their country by dispelling myths about the treatment of other ethnics. It is to increase better understanding among people of the same territory so that peaceful and harmonized society exists.3) Equality of opportunity is a stipulation that all people should be treated similarly, unhampered by artificial barriers or prejudices or preferences, like sex orientation, races and age.4) Give reasons that Australians have a great fun for sports and recreation.Australia has an dominating geographic location, good climate and enhance social welfare.5) Why does Australia become a vibrant cultural product country?Immigration policy, government funded organizations or institutions and ever-growing industrial output makes Australia a giant of cultural outputs.3. Terms for explanation:1) Cultural diversity is the quality of diverse or different cultures, as opposed to monoculture, as in the global monoculture, or a homogenization of cultures, akin to cultural decay.2) Social intolerance refers to a psychological discomfort that people do not accept other ethnics, languages.3) Individual dignity is a term used in moral, ethical, legal, and political discussions to signify thata man has an innate right to be valued and receive ethical treatment.4) Life-sustaining resources means all available resources that make people’s life easier and wealthier.5) Ethnicity or ethnic group is a socially defined category based on common culture or nationality4. Analysis and comments:Chapter 4 Higher EducationExercisesKey:1) low living costs2) Sydney3) British4) financial stringency5) The Australian Universities Commission Act 19596) the Commonwealth government7) The Dawkins Revolution8) males9) The Australian Government10) The University of Melbourne2. Questions on this unit:1) Higher education in Australia, like other industries, has a prestigious social awareness. Peoplehave equal right to attend higher education. Each region may organize higher education planning based on its social development and traditional culture.2) They go for prestigious universities, natural environment and comparatively lower living costs.3) What are those challenges facing those universities?Like universities in other continents, Australian universities are facing the problem of funding, research and competition from their counterparts.4)The Australian Government has the primary responsibility for public funding of higher education. the Commonwealth Grant Scheme which provides for a specified number of Commonwealth supported places each year. Higher Education Loan Program arrangements provide financial assistance to students. Commonwealth Scholarships grant for specific purposes including quality, learning and teaching, research and research training programs.5) How does Australian education system assure the teaching and research programs?Higher education system in Australia establish federal government assurance organization like Tertiary Education Quality and Standards Agency and Excellence in Research for Australia for assessing university performance.3. Terms for explanation:1) high failure rate refers to Australian universities where students failed to graduate.2) Australian Universities Commission is an organization that draw up guidance for university performance.3) Scholarships is an award of financial aid for a student to further his or her education. Scholarships are awarded based upon various criteria, which usually reflect the values and purposes of the donor or founder of the award. Scholarship money is not required to be repaid.[ 4) The Dawkins Revolution was a series of Australian tertiary education reforms instituted by the then Labor Education Minister (1987–1992) John Dawkins.5) External students are those who choose to live outside campuses.4. Analysis and comments:1) Higher Education Loan Program 2) Quality Assurance Measures3) The University of MelbourneNew ZealandChapter 11. 1) island 2) Mount Cook 3) reverse 4）30 5）Wellington6）Maori 7）James Cook 8）Treaty of Waitangi 9）founding document 10）a Commonwealth realm2. (relevant material) 1) I-1 2) I-2 3) I-3 4）III-3 5）III-83.(relevant material) 1) I-3 2) I-5 3) III-2 4）III-2 5）III-44. (relevant material) 1) II 2) III-4 3) III-5Chapter 21. 1) international trade 2) primary products 3) United Kingdom 4）exportearner 5）oil 6）the North and South islands 7）Railways 8）Australia 9）competitive 10）a quarter2. (relevant material) 1)3rd paragraph in this chapter and I 2) I 3) II, III, IV 4）II-45）IV-23. (relevant material) 1) I 2) II 3) IV 4) IV-1 5) IV-24. (relevant material) 1) III 2) IV 3) IV-4Chapter 31. 1) Queen Elizabeth II 2) separation of powers 3) Cabinet 4）Labor Party 5）work-based 6）Government 7）fully funded 8）Christianity 9）traditional performance art 10）drastically reduced2. (relevant material) 1) I-2 2) I-2.1 3) I-2.3 4）III-1 5）III-23. (relevant material) 1) I-2 2) I-2.1 3）II-1 4）II-2 5) III-24. (relevant material) 1) I 2) II-1 3) III-2Chapter 41. 1) a world-class educational system in a lifelong learning society 2) all post-school education and training 3) The University of Otago 4）The University of Auckland5) The Student Loan Scheme6) a competitive examination 7) technical 8）train teachers 9）Maori teaching and research institutions10) Australia2. (relevant material) 1) I 2) I 3) I 4) II 5) III3. (relevant material) 1) 5th paragraph in this chapter 2) 5th paragraph in this chapter3) 6th paragraph in this chapter 4) I 5) IV4. (relevant material) 1) 5th paragraph in this chapter 2) II 3) VIIrelandExercises:1.Fill in the blanks with proper words or terms according to the Textbook.1)Ireland is an island, the third-largest in Europe and the twentieth-largest on Earth.2)3)4)5)The Irish people are an ethnic group who originate in Ireland, an island in northwesternEurope.(Page 5)6)The scientist Robert Boyle is considered the " father of chemistry".7)8)That the population of Ireland collapsed dramatically during the second half of the 19thentrenched culture of emigration lasting until the 21st century. (Page 7)9)Ireland is ranked as one of the wealthiest countries in the OECD and the EU-27 at 5th in theOECD-28 rankings as of 2008.10)The 1995 to 2000 period of high economic growth was called the " Celtic Tiger ", a referenceto the "tiger economies" of East Asia.(Page 11)11)In November 2010 the Irish Government published the National Recovery plan, which aims torestore order to the public finances and to bring its deficit in line with the EU target of 3% of economic output by 2015.(Page 14)12)The primary sector constitutes about 5% of Irish GDP, and 8% of Irish employment.13) Ireland's inequality of income distribution score on the Gini coefficient scale was 30.4 in2000, slightly below the OECD average of 31. (Page 17)14)In January 1999 Ireland was one of eleven European Union member states which launched theEuropean Single Currency, the euro.15)the 8th and 1st centuries BC. (Page 22)16)From the mid-14th century, after the Black Death, Norman settlements in Ireland went into aperiod of decline. (Page 26)17)Europe between December 1739 and September 1741, after a decade of relatively mild winters. (Page 28)18)19)million more emigrated to escape it.20)21)was spoken by a few peasants and merchants brought over from England. (Page 35,Page 34)22)23)24)community involvement, with about 2,600 clubs on the island.(Page 38)25)cuisine of Ireland.(Page 39)26)The education system of Ireland has three distinct levels: primary, secondary, andhigher or third-level education.2.Questions on this unit:1)Why is Ireland called the Emerald Isle?(Page 3)Because of its lush vegetation, a product of its mild climate and frequent rainfall, Ireland earns it the sobriquet the Emerald Isle.2)Why is Ireland’s climate quite different from many other areas in the world at similarlatitudes? (Page 3)Ireland’s temperate climate results from the moderating moist winds which ordinarily prevail from the South-Western Atlantic.3)What are the main reasons for the dramatic decline of the population of Ireland during thesecond half of the 19th century?(Page7)In part, the fall in population was due to death from the Great Famine of 1845 to 1852, which took about 1 million lives. However, by far the greater cause of population decline was the dire economic state of the country which led to an entrenched culture of emigration lasting until the 21st century.4)What is the status of the economy of Ireland?It is a modern knowledge economy, focusing on services and high-tech industries and dependent on trade, industry and investment.5)How is Ireland’s economy influenced by the Financial Crisis 2008?Ireland was the first country in the EU, to officially enter a recession related to the Financial Crisis 2008, as declared by the Central Statistics Office and now has the second-highest level of household debt in the world (190% of household income). The country's credit rating was downgraded to "AA-" by Standard & Poor's ratings agency in August 2010 due to the cost of supporting the banks, which would weaken the Government's financial flexibility over the medium term. It transpired that the cost of recapitalising the banks was greater than expected at that time, and, in response to the mounting costs, the country's credit rating was again downgraded by Standard & Poor's to "A".6)When was Ireland officially independent? (Page 31)In 1921, the Anglo-Irish Treaty was concluded between the British Government andaffairs and practical independence for foreign policy. However, an oath of allegiance to the British Crown had to be exercised. After the hard struggle of more than 20 years, it was not until 1949 that the state was declared, officially, to be the Republic of Ireland.7）What are Ireland’s typical food and drink?\As for typical food, Irish people are more dependent on pork and white meat, and withmid-19th century.8)What is the education system of Ireland?The education system of Ireland has three distinct levels: primary, secondary, and higher or third-level education.3.Terms for explanation:1)2)the Celtic Tiger(Page 9) :A 2005 study by The Economist found Ireland to have thebest quality of life in the world. The 1995 to 2007 period of very high economic growth, witha record of posting the highest growth rates in Europe, led many to call the country the CelticTiger. One of the keys to this economic growth was a low corporation tax, at12.5% standard rate.3)PAYE:(Page 17) It’s the abbreviation for Pay As You Earn, which is a kind oftaxes based on your income and also progressive, with little or no income tax paid by low earners and a high rate applied to top earners.4）The Bronze Age（Page 21）It’s defined by the use of metal and began around 2,500 BC, with technology changing people's everyday lives during this period through innovations such asperiod of history between classical antiquity and the Italian Renaissance in European history (476A.D-1000A.D.)given to rebellious English barons by King John in 1215 , published in 12167）Great Frost (Page 25) ：also called “Great Famine”. Ireland and the rest of Europe were struck by an extraordinary climatic shock between December 1739 and September 1741, and the winters destroyed stored crops of potatoes and other staples and the poor summers severely damaged harvests, leading to the deaths of an estimated 250,000 people (about one in eight of the population)4.Analysis and comments1)physical geography of Irelandlight overall, particularly in the east. So t he island's lush vegetation is a product of itsIsle.2)Irish people and their migrationIreland has been populated for around 9,000 years. The Irish people's earliest ancestors are claimed to be descended from groups such as the Nemedians, Fomorians, Fir Bolg, Tuatha DéDanann and the4.6 million live in the Republic of Ireland and just under 1.8 million live in Northern Ireland.The population of Ireland collapsed dramatically during the second half of the 19th century.A population of over 8 million in 1841 was reduced to slightly more than 4 million by 1921. Inabout 1 million lives. However, by far the greater cause of population decline was the dire economic state of the country which led to an entrenched culture of emigration lasting until the 21st century.With growing prosperity since the last decade of the 20th century, Ireland became a destination for immigrants.From the demographic change, we can see that economic state plays a decisive role.3）current economic features of IrelandThe economy of Ireland is a modern knowledge economy, focusing on services and high-tech industries and dependent on trade, industry and investment. In terms of GDP per capita, Ireland is ranked as one of the wealthiest countries in the OECD and the EU-27 at 5th in the OECD-28 rankings as of 2008. In terms of GNP per capita, a better measure of national income, Ireland ranks below the OECD average, despite significant growth in recent years, at 10th in the OECD-28 rankings. Ireland is currently ranked as the world's third most "economically free" economy in an index created by free-market economists from the Wall Street Journal and Heritage Foundation, the Index of Economic Freedom.But the Financial Crisis of 2008 still affects the Irish economy severely, compounding domestic economic problems related to the collapse of the Irish property bubble.4）education system of IrelandThe education system of Ireland is managed by the Department of Education and Skills of the Irish Government. Education in Ireland is free for Irish students and students from other EU countries. According to Irish law, all children who fall between the ages of six to fifteen are supposed to receive compulsory education. The education system of Ireland has three distinct levels: primary, secondary, and higher or third-level education.Primary education continues for a stretch of eight years. The curriculum for primary education focuses more on the children rather than on the subjects. The subjects that a child learns during this phase include Irish, English, mathematics, social and environmental studies, arts and crafts, music, physical education and religious instructions too.During the secondary level education, it is compulsory for all the schools to follow the curricula and syllabi prescribed by the educational ministry. The second level of education starts at the age of twelve and lasts for six years. After the first three years, students are required to take up the Junior Certificate Examination. This is followed by a transition year when students are allowed to take up more flexible programs. The next two years comprises more education which ends with a Leaving Certificate Examination. There are three types of second level schools, that is, secondary schools, community schools and vocational schools.The third level education is the highest level of education. Ireland has nine universities, seven in the Republic of Ireland and two in Northern Ireland. The highest level of education includes universities, technological colleges, and colleges of education. All the universities in Ireland offer undergraduate and Master's degree programs in a wide array of subjects. Research opportunities are also available in these universities and can be utilized by students who wish to pursue their higher education. There are over 25 third-level courses at graduate and postgraduate level offeredthrough the Irish language.Entry into third-level is generally very high in Ireland, and among young adults (those aged 25 to 34), 41.6% of them have attained third-level degrees.11 / 11。

英语国家概况Chapter10

– at least 25 years old; – a US citizen for no less than 7 years; – serve for a term of two years.
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
The Function of Congress
nations Biblioteka nd among states;Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
The Function of Congress
– the power to declare war, raise and support armies, and provide and maintain a navy;
• 435 voting members plus a non-voting representative from Puerto Rico, the District of Columbia and four other territories of the U.S.; • State legislature divides each state into congressional districts, each district electing one Representative; • Qualifications for being a representative:
– over 30 years old;
– a US citizen for at least 9 years;
– resident in the state from which he is elected.

UK - Education英语国家概况

* 红砖大学
Learning
Lectures, seminars,* & tutorials** Lectures, etc: 15 hrs/wk (average)
for 30 wks/yr (approx.). Essays (no mid-term exams)
** 辅导课
* 研讨会
Video: Pink Floyd – Another Brick in the Wall
‘We don’t need no education...’ ‘All in all, it’s just another brick in the wall’
State Education
Ending elitism;* bringing education to the working classes: 1870 - Education Act 1880 - Compulsory (5-10 yrs) 1891 - Free Education Act 1947 - Compulsory to 15 yrs (16 in 1972) 1960s - „Comprehensive‟ schooling (i.e. entrance exams abolished)
* 实利主义
„Educating Our Masters‟ Viscount Sherbrooke (1867)
Revolt against traditional education (1960s/70s):
Different (perhaps conflicting) aims in all education systems: 1. Maintaining high educational standards and promoting morality and national unity 2. Creating a more equal society by making education free and allowing freedom of expression and creativity 3. Promoting national prosperity** and preparing people for their future careers ** 繁荣

(完整版)英语国家概况答案

英语作业答案Unit 1Ⅰ。

Read the following statements carefully and decide whether they are True or False。

1。

The island of Great Britain is geographically divided into three parts: England， Scotlandand Wales。

（T）英伦三岛包括英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士.2. People in different parts of Britain like to use the name England to refer to their country. （F) British3. Today more than half of the people in Wales still speak the ancient Welsh language。

(F)4。

In terms of population and area,Northern Ireland is the second largest part of the United Kingdom. （F）英格兰是面积最大，人口最多的5. The longest river of Britain originates in Wales。

(T) The River Severn：赛文河6。

Because of political troubles,Northern Ireland has been quite significant among the four constituent parts of the United Kingdom. （T)Ⅱ。

Choose the one that best completes each of the following statements。

英语国家概况中文版 Chapter 10 Cultural Affairs

第十章英国文化Ⅰ.教育有25，000多所幼儿园和小学和近5000所中学，学生总数超过9百万。

5岁 (北爱尔兰为4岁)到16岁之间的所有孩子的教育是义务的。

还有约1800所为有特殊教育需要的学生开设的公办特殊学校(既有日班也有寄宿制)。

还有包括开放大学在内的90所大学。

1994年，进入大学和学院高等学府的年轻人比例为四取一(北爱尔兰为三取一)，到2000年预期会达到三取一(苏格兰和北爱尔兰为五取三以上)。

教育国务大臣全面负责英格兰的学校教育和学后教育。

苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰的国务大臣在各自区域行使类似职责。

政府教育部门制订教育方针，同时负责提供和培训教师。

大多数国立学校教育由地方教育机构负责，其他学校教育由自治的(私立)学校提供，政府提供资金帮助。

一些由公助或私人自愿捐助的中学是职业技术学院，这些学院是由政府和私人赞助者合伙建立的免付学费的私立学院，地方教育机构不参与。

这些技术学院教授全国统一的课程，但重点放在教学、技术和科学上。

英格兰有约15%的中学是自治的公费补助学校。

地方教育机构负责支付教师和其他员工的工资，并充足提供本区所需的教育设施。

大部分教育费用来自政府的钱；1992-1993年度的全部教育费用达320亿英镑。

1.小学教育尽管对于5岁以下孩子的教育没有法定要求，但是在英国约53%的3岁和 4岁的孩子上幼儿园。

在大不列颠5岁开始接受义务教育，北爱尔兰为4岁，孩子们先上幼儿学校；7岁时许多孩子接着上小学。

在英格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰，小学升中学的一般年龄为11岁。

苏格兰的小学接受5到12岁的孩子，12岁是升中学的年龄。

过去，孩子们在11岁时要参加考试(小学毕业考试)，以便把他们分配到不同的中学，20世纪60年代和70年代，这一制度逐渐被综合学校所取代，后者招收各种能力水平的学生。

一些学生上付费的私立学校。

英国有近2500所私立学校培养着各年龄段的600，000名学生，其收费标准从日托班每学期约300英镑到高年级寄宿生的 4000多英镑不等。