MBA英语翻译

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mba 单词

mba 单词
Mba，英/ˌem biːˈeɪ/美/ˌem biːˈeɪ/工商管理硕士;工商管理;工商管理硕士学位;工商管理学硕士;企业管理硕士
1．The China National MBA Education Supervisory Committee announced over the weekend that, from next year, a nationwide exam will be the only way to apply for an EMBA course.
全国工商管理硕士（MBA）教育指导委员会宣布，从明年起，申请就读高级管理人员工商管理硕士（EMBA）课程必须经过全国统考。

2．Also, she is working at an MBA degree.
同时，她还攻读工商管理硕士学位。

3．On a bench in Regen ’ s Park, London, on October 7, 1970, a young man studying for MBA degree at London Business School met an Irish girl who first arrived in London.
1970年的10月7日，在伦敦摄政公园的一个长椅上，一位在伦敦商学院读MBA的小伙子，遇见了一位初到伦敦的爱尔兰姑娘。

4．Getting MBA in China is easy using the following services.
在我国获得工商管理硕士很容易使用下列服务。

5．The US MBA model consisted of a two year programme.
美国的mba模式包括两年的授课时间。

mba翻译

mba翻译MBA是Master of Business Administration的缩写，意为工商管理硕士，是一种专门培养管理人才的硕士学位。

MBA教育的目的是培养学生具备领导和管理能力，使他们能够在商业领域中取得成功。

MBA翻译成英文是Master of Business Administration，翻译成中文是工商管理硕士。

在国际上，MBA被广泛认可为一种专业的商业管理学位，许多企业在招聘和晋升时都会优先考虑具备MBA学位的候选人。

MBA课程通常包括商业基础知识、管理理论和实践、创新和创业、营销、金融、组织行为、战略规划等内容。

学生在课堂上学习理论知识，并通过案例分析、团队项目和实习等方式将理论应用于实际情境中。

除了课堂学习，MBA还注重学生的实践经验和领导能力的培养。

学生有机会参与商业咨询项目、商业竞赛、实习等活动，通过这些实践机会，他们可以将所学的知识和技能应用于实际的商业环境中，并培养出良好的领导和团队合作能力。

MBA的学习时间一般为一到两年，学生根据自己的学习进度选择全日制、兼职或远程学习等不同的学习形式。

许多商学院还提供专门为工作经验丰富的职业人士设计的执行MBA （EMBA）课程，以满足他们在职业发展中的需求。

MBA学位被认为是一种提升职业发展和薪资水平的有效途径。

许多企业和组织在招聘高级职位时都倾向于选择具备MBA学位的候选人，因为他们具备良好的商业理论知识和管理技能。

不过，MBA并不是适合所有人的选择。

MBA课程要求学生具备较高的学术能力和领导能力，并需要投入大量的时间和精力来完成学习任务。

此外，MBA学位也需要一定的经济投入，包括学费、住宿和生活费用等。

总的来说，MBA是一种专业的商业管理学位，旨在培养学生的领导和管理能力，为他们的职业发展提供支持。

MBA的翻译分别是Master of Business Administration和工商管理硕士，在国际上被广泛认可为一种提升职业发展和薪资水平的有效途径。

MBA英语阅读翻译长难句结构分析

MBA英语阅读翻译长难句结构分析一、了解句子主要成分:1. 主语、表语、宾语(1) What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real.商人们自认为他们领导了一场生产力革命，这场革命是否确有其事，这一点更加难以确定。

(2）The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is due to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle, and so is not conclusive evidence of a revival in the underlying trend. 问题在于，近年发生的生产力快速增长部分是由于商业周期通常到了这时候就会出现的反弹造成的，因而它不是经济复苏潜在趋势的结论性证据。

(3) Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term.强劲的经济增长势头，随着北半球冬季的到来，有可能在短期内使石油价格涨得更高。

(4) When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal.当一场新的艺术运动形成某种时尚时，理应弄清其倡导者的目标所在，因为无论他们的准则在今天看来是多么牵强附会、不可思议，将来都有可能被视为正常的。

MBA的概念

可以报考MBA。应该按已获得的最高学历报名。
5.对半工半读通过自学考试得到本科学历的人，工作实践经验能否缩短为二年或一年?
不可以。必须在取得本科学历后有三年或三年以上工作经历方可报考。
6.有若干年实践经验的中专生是否有机会接受MBA教育？
按教育部规定必须是大专（含大专）以上学历才有资格报考。
EMBA正是为实干型中高级管理人员进修提高、攻读专业学位创造的特别条件。申请参加EMBA项目的人士的确有了丰富的管理经验，在商场他们的确创造、熟悉和运用了许多商战经验，但是他们进管理学院学习EMBA，可以使他们原本积累的商战经验拔高一个层次。也就是说，从"战术"水平提高到"战略"水平。EMBA教授的主要职责之一，就是要把他们已有的知识加以系统化，理论化，从而更加广泛应用。而这种知识的梳理和归类，是必须通过集中系统的学习才能获得的。EMBA的学员大多来源于企业各界的成功人士，通过共同学习、交流和经验分享，他们的管理能力和经验能够得到很大的提升,人际网络将大大拓宽，核心竞争力将大大增强，他们事业的持续发展就得到了强大的源泉
授课模式
EMBA和MBA区别主要体现在：
（1）学员的对象有差别。EMBA招生的对象要求有更长的工作年限和更高的职位，他们有着更加丰富的实际管理经验，且大多为公司副总经理以上的领导，是各行各业的管理精英；
（2）招生录取方式不同。EMBA招生由各试办院校自己制定考试录取办法，自行组织考试，录取标准以考生的职业成就、能力测验和面试成绩为主，是对传统招生模式（通过全国统一考试招生）的一次大突破，非常有利于选拔具有更多管理经验的人才入读；
1、MBA概念
工管硕士是源于欧美国家的一种专门培养中高级职业经理人员的专业硕士学位。工管硕士是市场经济的产物，培养的是高素质的管理人员职业经理人和创业者。

MBA翻译重点词

MBA翻译重点词汇总结1经济类：按时付款honor a payment in due time补偿贸易compensation trade尝试性订购trial / try-out order撤消资本折旧率deregulation of capital depreciation rates出口创汇能力capacity to earn foreign exchange through exports出口加工区export processing zones到岸加佣金价Cost , Insurance , Freight and Commission (C.I.F.C.) 全额退款 a full refund底盘floor offer定金down payment独家经销代理exclusive selling agency独立核算工业企业independent accounting unit (enterprise)对外商投资实行国民待遇grant national treatment to foreign investors分享权利与义务share rights and obligations取得丰厚的经济回报yield fat economic returns付款方式way of payment关税壁垒customs barrier ; tariff wall管理知识managerial expertise宏观经贸macroeconomics and trade互补互惠的合作关系complementary and mutual beneficial partnership 回佣return commission季节性折扣seasonal discount建立业务关系enter into business relations with进出口商会chamber of import and export trade进出口商品交易会Import and Export Commodities Fair进口渗透import penetration吸引外商直接投资attract foreign direct investment经营范围line / scope of business净利润net profit开/收盘价 opening / closing price可兑换货币convertible currency库存有限limited stock离岸加运费价Cost and Freight (C&F)加岸价Free On Board (F.O.B.)利润分配distribution in profits share零售价retail price批发价wholesale price贸易索赔business claim目的港船边交货价Free Over Side (F.O.S.)潜在市场potential market三资企业three kinds of foreign-invested enterprises or ventures 中外合资Sino-foreign joint ventures中外合作Sino-foreign cooperative businesses外商独资exclusively foreign-owned enterprises商业界business community实/虚盘 firm/non-firm offer实施市场多元化战略implement the strategy of market diversification使之受到法律和经济手段的制约get it under both legal and economic control受同一种规章制度的制约be subject to the same regulations or constraints 双边贸易 bilateral trade双赢战略 win-win strategy随行就市 be subject to market fluctuation缩小沿海地区与中西部地区的经济差距narrow the economic disparities between the coastal regions and the central and w estern provinces讨价还价bargain投资比重share of investment投资热the rising investment fever投资意向an investment proposal违约breach of the contract / agreement现/期货价 spot / forward price现货spot goods现金结算 cash settlement信用证结算 payment by letter of credit (L/C)形成一批有势力的跨国公司和知名品牌bring about a number of srtong multionational enterprises and brand names续约 extend the contract索赔 claim for a compensation稳妥的速度和规模 (at) a moderate rate and a safe scale易货贸易 barter trade有利可图 profitable / lucrative诱人的投资政策 attractive investment policies招标投标制 the system of public bidding for projects招商引资 attract / bid for / invite investments (from overseas )鉴于实际情况 in consideration of the actual conditions装运港船边交货价 Free Alongside Ship (F.A.S.)最大程度发挥双方优势 maximize the strengths of both parties经济组织Economic Organizations国际商会 International Chamber of Commerce国际海洋运输保险协会 International Union of Marine Insurance花旗银行 National City Bank of New York欧洲投资银行 European Intestment Bank (EIB)米兰银行 Midland Bank,Ltd.汇丰银行 Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation经济合作与开发组织 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (D ECD)美中贸易全国理事会 National Council for US-China Trade日中经济协会 Japan-China Economic Association日本协力银行 Japan Bank For International Cooperation (JBIC)英国国际贸易促进委员会 British Countil for the Promotion of International Trade纽约证券交易所 New York Stock Exchange (NYSE)伦敦股票市场 London Stock Market欧洲经济共同体 European Economic Community (EEC) ; European Common M arket欧洲自由贸易联盟 European Free Trade Association (EFTA)欧洲集团 Eurogroup加勒比共同市场（加勒比自由贸易联盟）Caribbean Common Market (CCM)石油输出国组织 Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)英联邦特惠区 Commonwealth Preference Area中国人民银行People’s Bank of China中国银行 Bank of China国际复兴开发银行 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBR D)世界银行 World Bank欧洲经济与货币同盟 European Economic and Monetary Union国际结算银行 Bank for International Settlements (BIS)中国国际贸易促进委员会 China Council for the Promotion of International Trade (CC PIT)亚太经济合作组织Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)APEC工商咨询理事会 APEC Business Advisory Council便利化，责任性，一致性，透明性和简单化facilitation , accountability , consistency , transparency and simplification单边行动计划 individual action plan地区能源合作工作组 Regional Energy Cooperation Working Group电子数据交换 electronic date interchange (EDI)东盟自由贸易区 ASEAN Free Trade Area东南亚国家联盟 Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN)非关税措施 non-tariff measures海洋资源保护 marine resource conservation集体行动计划 collective action plans加速关税自由化 accelerated tariff liberalization可持续发展经济区域性一体化regional integration for sustainable economies劳动和社会保障 labor and social protection劳动市场信息 labor market information贸易促进工作组 Trade Promotion Working Group贸易投资委员会 Committee on Trade and Investment贸易投资自由化和便利化 trade and investment liberalization and facilitation名人小组 Eminent Persons Group平等互利，协商一致，求同存异，自主自愿equality and mutual benefit , reaching consensus through consultation , seeking co mmon grounds while putting aside differences , initiative and free will南太平洋地区经济贸易合作协定South Pacific Regional Trade Economic Cooperation Agreement人口和经济持续增长对粮食，能源，和环境的冲击impact of expanding population and economic growth on food , energy and the env ironment人力资源开发human resources development太平洋经济合作理事会Pacific Economic Cooperation Council投资专家组 Investment Exp erts’ Group互相承认 mutual recognition协调的单边行动 concerted unilateral action信息技术协定 Information Technology Agreement行政和预算委员会 Budget and Administrative Committee亚太工商网 Asia-Pacific Business Network亚太经合组织部长会议 APEC Ministerial Meeting亚太经合组织工商咨询理事会会议APEC Business Advisory Council Meeting亚太经合组织经济领导人会议APEC Economic Leaders Meeting亚太经合组织领导人非正式会议Informal Meeting of APEC Leaders亚太经合组织商业论坛 APEC Business Forum亚太经济社会理事会 Economic and Social Commission for Asia and Pacific Regio n亚太旅游协会 Pacific Asia Travel Association亚太能源中心 Asia-Pacific Energy Research Center亚太中小型企业技术交流与培训中心APEC Center for Technology and Training for Small and Medium Enterprises与贸易有关的知识产权协定Agreement on Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property争端调解专家组Dispute Mediation Experts’ Group政府采购 government procurement世界贸易组织World Trade Organization (WTO)《北美自由贸易协定》 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)北美自由贸易区 North American Free Trade Area布雷顿森林体系 Bretton Woods System常设机构 standing body垂直兼并 vertical merger东部和南部非洲共同市场 Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMES A)反倾销措施 anti-dumping measures反补贴税 countervailing duty交叉报复 cross retaliation海关完税价值 customs values环保型技术 environmentally-sound technology (EST)出口实绩 export performance出口补贴 export subsidy灰色区域措施 gray area measuresWTO最不发达国家高级别会议WTO High-level Meeting for LDCs非配额产品 quota-free products非生产性投资 investment in non-productive projects风险管理/评估risk management / assessment国际收支平衡 balance of international payments非洲，加勒比和太平洋国家集团（洛美协定）African , Caribbean and Pacific Group (ACP)上诉机构 appeal body基础税率 base tariff level国际收支条款 Balance-of-payments (BOP) Provisions既定日程 built-in agenda约束水平 bound level（欧盟）共同农业政策 Common Agriculture Pulicy规避 circumvention关贸总协定 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)乌拉圭回合 Uruguay Round永久正常贸易关系 permanent normal trade relation (PNTR)国际清算 international settlement横向兼并 horizontal merger进口环节税 import linkage tax进口许可 import licensing垃圾融资 junk financing慢性萧条 chronic depression贸易和投资自由化和便利化trade and investment liberalization and facilitation (TILF) 全球配额 global quota弱势群体 disadvantaged group市场准入的行政管理措施 Administrative Aspects of Market Access (AAMA)生产补贴 production subsidy消费膨胀 inflated consumption协调制度（商品名称及编码协调制度）Harmonized System (Harmonized Commodity and Coding System )争端解决机构 dispute settlement body《关于争端解决规则与程序的谅解》Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes (DS U)诸边协议 plurilateral agreement祖父条款 grandfather clause最初谈判权 Initial Negotiating Rights (INRs)保护主义 protectionism闭关自守 closed door policy畅通工程 Smooth Traffic Project初级成分 primary sector粗放式管理 extensive management从粗放经济转变为集约经济 shift from extensive economy to intensive economy促进全球经济一体化 foster integration with the global economy盗用公款 embezzlement地方财政包干制 system whereby local authorities take full responsibility for the ir finances地区差异 regional disparity短平快项目 a project yielding quick returns with a relatively low investment 短线产品 products in shorts supply二元经济 dual economy发展不平衡 disparate development发展民族经济 develop the national economy发展是硬道理 Development is of overriding importance ./ Development is the absolute need翻两番 quadruple放宽经营条件限制 relax business restrictions扶贫 helping the poor改善投资环境 improve the investment environment工商局 industrial and commercial administration公共部门；公共成分 public sector关税总水平 general tariff level管制经济 controlled economy规模经济 economy of scale国产化率import substitution rate ; localization rate of parts and componen ts国际商业社会 the global business community国家粮食库存the state grain reserves国民生产总值gross national product (GNP)国内生产总值gorss domestic product (GDP)合理引导消费guide rational consumption宏观调控macro-control混合经济mixed economy基本国情fundamental realities of the country积极的财政政策proactive fiscal policy集体经济collective economy集中精力把经济建设搞上去go all out for economic development计划经济planned economy计划调节regulation through state planning讲诚信，反欺诈honor credibility and oppose cheating解放生产力emancipate the productive forces经济波动economic fluctuation经济复苏economic recovery经济杠杆economic levers经济平衡economic balance经济趋势economic trend经济渠道economic channels经济全球化economic globalization经济失调指数misery index经济衰退economic depression经济腾飞economic take-off /boom(有)经济头脑的人 commercially minded (people); (people with) business sense 控股公司holding company拉动经济增长fuel economic growth理顺straightening out家庭联产承包责任制the household contract responsibility system停职留薪retain the job but suspend the salary乱收费，乱摊派，乱罚款arbitary charges , fund-raising quotas and fines配套政策supporting policies贫富悬殊polarization of rich and poor求得公平合理的解决seek a fair and reasonable solution三步走战略the three-step development strategy社会热点问题hot spots of society涉外经济foreign-related business实体经济the real economy实现零的突破achieve the zero breakthrough实用，有效，廉价，方便practical ,efficient , economical and convenient for use市政当局municipality适度从紧的财政政策moderately tight fiscal policy私营成分，私营部门private sector停滞；萧条 stagnation通货紧缩deflation (of currency )统筹安排comprehensive arrangement统一市场single market托管制度trusteeship网络经济cybereconomy伪劣商品赔还法lemon law温饱工程project for adequate food and clothing效益农业profitable agriculture新兴经济emerging economies养老金pension以经济建设为中心focusing on the central task of economic construction以质量求生存，求发展，求效益strive for survival , development and efficiency on the basis of quality优化结构和提高效益 optimized structure and better economic returns优税待遇 preferential taxation treatment有中国特色的社会主义市场经济体制socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics与国际市场接轨 integrate with the world market ; become integrated into the global market中国经济景气检测中心 China Economic Monitoring Center中国新经济峰会 China New Economy Summit主体经济 the mainstay of the economy专属经济区 exclusive economic zone追赶型和跨越式发展 pursuant and leap-forward development资源配置 the distribution / allocation of resources自由经济 liberal economy政治经济学 political economy官方表述Official Statements社会秩序良好，人民安居乐业People will enjoy a sound public order and live and work in peace and contentmen t深化分配制度改革，健全社会保障体系deepen the reform of the income distribution system and improve the social securit y system失业保险制度和城市居民最低生活保障制度the systems of unemployment insurance and subsistence allowances for urban resi dents同经济发展水平相适应的社会保障体系a social security system compatible with the level of economic development国民经济National Economy按劳分配distribution according to one’s performance摆脱贫穷和落后shaking off poverty and backwardness保持国民经济持续，快速，健康发展maintain sustained , rapid and sound development of the national economy保持国民经济发展的良好势头maintain a good momentum of growth in the national economy边际报酬 marginal return变相涨价 disguised price hikes不正之风 bad/harmful practice ; unhealthy tendency财政经济状况 financial and economic conditions财政收支平衡 fiscal balance（产品）分销 sub-underwriting ; distribution草根农业 grass-roots industry产粮大省 granary province朝阳产业 sunrise industry传销 multi-level marketing ;pyramid selling打假 crack down on counterfeit goods弹性工资 flexible pay等外品 off-grade goods ; rejects第一产业 primary industury第二产业 secondary industry第三产业 tertiary industry恶性通货膨胀 hyperinflation恶性循环 vicious circle二次创业 start a new undertaking浮动工资 floating wages ; fluctuating wages高科技板块 high-tech sector根本好转 fundamental turn for the better工薪阶层 salariat ; state employee ; salaried person公司分立与解散 separation and dissolution of a company国家利益 interest of the state红包（中）red envelope containing money as a gift ; (贬) bribe ; kickb ack积压产品 overstocked commodities / inventories技术产权交易所 technology equity market ; technology property right exchang e技术下乡 spread technological knowledge to farmers加班 work extra shifts ; work overtime家族企业 family firm假日经济 holiday firm尖端产品 highly sophisticated products解困基金 anti-poverty funds进口减免税 import tax exemptions and reduction精品 competitive products敬业精神 professional dedication ; professional ethics连带责任 joint liability良性循环 virtuous circle劣等品 shoddy goods ; substandard goods ; lemon (口语)冒充包装 copycat packaging耐用消费品 durable consumer items / goods年同比 year-on-year ; on an annual basis扭转局面 reverse the tide ; turn the table农村富余劳动力 surplus rural labor农村劳动力合理有序流动 the rational and orderly flow of rural labor皮包公司 bogus company票贩子 ticket scalper ; ticket tout瓶颈制约“bottleneck” restrictions情感消费 emotional consumption区位商业 location-based commerce全优工程 all-round excellent project拳头产品 competitive products ; knock-out products ; blockbuster商品交易所 Commodity Exchange商品条码 bar code商务所commercial counsellor’s office市场疲软 sluggish market市场准入 market access适销对路的产品 readily marketable products甩卖 clearance sale ; be on sale双边和多边经济合作 bilateral and multilateral economic cooperation跳蚤市场 flea market投资成本回收 recover investments脱贫致富 cast /shake / throw off poverty and set out on a road to prospe rity无形资产 intangible assets向钱看 mammonism ; put money above all效益工资 achievements-related wages ; wages based on benefits一级市场 primary market重复建设 duplication of similar projects转嫁负担 shifting losses to国有企业改革Reform of State-owned Enterprises (SOE)摆脱困境 be extricated from their predicament包工包料 contract for labor and materials层层转包和违法分包 multi-level contracting and illegal sub-contracting产品结构 product mix产权清晰，权责分明，政企分开，科学管理clearly established ownership , well defined power and responsibility , separation of enterprise from administration , and scientific management产销直接挂钩 directly link production with marketing产业的升级换代 upgrading of industries产业高地 industrial leading position产业关联性 production-related association产业结构优化升级 optimize and upgrade the industrial structure厂长负责制system under which the factory director assumes full responsibil ity承包经营 contract operation持续提高公司的竞争能力achieve a lasting upturn in the company’s ability to com pete初步建立现代企业制度implement a preliminary modern enterprise system促销merchandising大型企业集团large enterprise group带薪分流assign redundant civil servants to other jobs while allowing the m to retain their original rank and benefits待岗await job assignment ; post-waiting待业job-waiting待业人口population waiting for employment地域优势geographical advantage调节经济运行regulate the operation of the economy调整产品结构readjust the product mix董事会领导leadership of the board of directors对符合条件的企业实行债转股carry out debt-to-equity swap programs in enterprises where conditions permit对外承包工程overseas contracted engineering projects防范和化解经融风险prevent and defuse financial risks分流企业富余人员redirect surplus employees of enterprises富有献身精神，积极性高涨的员工队伍a highly motivated and committed workforce改革国有资产管理体制reform the state property management system改善国有企业负债结构improve the asset-liability ratios of state-owned enterprise s高中级工程技术人员senior and intermediate-level engineers and technologists搞活企业invigorate enterprises革新重组realignment个体，私营等非公有制经济the non-public sector including selfemployed and private businesses工业产值 the industrial output公司法人责任制 the corporate legal person responsibility system公有制的多种实现形式 various forms for realizing public ownership股份合作制 joint stock-holding partnership ; the joint stock cooperative syste m股份制 the shareholding system骨干企业 key enterprise规范监事会制度 standardize the board of supervisors system规范破产 standardize bankruptcy procedures国家财政收入 total national revenue国有大中型企业 large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises国有控股企业 state holding enterprise国有资产流失 the devaluation of state assets合同管理制 the contract management system红帽子企业 red cap enterprise宏观管理体制 the macro-control system货币政策 monetary policy技术创新technological innovation家用电器产业the home electric appliances industry价格性能比price versus performance ratio兼并破产merger and bankruptcy减少对市场变化做出反应的时间shorten the response time to market changes减员增效downsizing for efficiency ; cut payroll to improve efficiency揭牌典礼an official business launch街道企业neighborhood enterprise紧密型企业集团tightly-knit groups of enterprises竞争有序orderly competition竞争择优select only the best of competing offers开工不足enterprises running under their production capacity亏损企业loss-making enterprises亏损企业脱困losing enterprises in the black again扩大内需expand domestic demand来料加工process materials supplied by clients ; accept customers’materia ls for processing劳动合同制labor contract system理顺/正确处理改革，发展，稳定的关系appropriately balance reform , development and stability流通体制the circulation system龙头 a leader内联企业enterprises with internal connections扭亏增赢reduction of loss and increase of profits培育统一开放，竞争有序的市场体系cultivate a unified and open market with orderly competition培育新的消费热点foster new consumption growth areas激励机制和约束机制incentive and restraint mechanisms企业文化corporate culture强化管理，“严”字当头 tighten up management and put strict observance above all else强化社区服务功能strengthen the function of community强强联合association between strong enterprises全面提高劳动者素质improve the overall quality of the workforce全球销售服务网络the global sales and after-sales service network融中国现代产业于世界经济主流integrate China’s modern industry with the mainstream of the world’s economy三无企业three-no-enterprises商检局Commodity Inspection Bureau商业运作business dealings深化流通体制改革deepen the reform of the distribution system生物医药产业the bioengineering and pharmaceutical industry石油化工产业the petrochemical industry实行投资主体多元化Sources of investment must be diversified时常多元化战略market diversification strategy售后服务 after-sales service树立企业良好形象 foster a good company image统筹规划，突出重点，分步实施a comprehensive plan that should focus on key areas and be carried out in a step -by-step manner投身于变化的过程中 be committed to the process of change完善法人治理结构 improve the corporate government西部大开发 the large-scale development strategy in west China下岗分流 redirect laid-off workers下海 go in for business兴建南水北调工程 build the south-to-north water diversion project虚拟经济和实体经济 virtual economy and real economy养老，失业，医疗保险金 old-age , unemployment and medical insurance premiums 一刀切 impose uniformity in all cases ; allow no flexibility一体化生产 integrated production以市场为导向 taking the market as the orientation以质取胜 implement the strategy of success through quality引入竞争机制 introduce competition mechanisms优化结构 optimize structure优化生产过程 optimize production processes优化组合 optimization grouping ; optional regrouping优势互补 take advantage o f each other’s strength再就业服务中心 re-employment service center再就业工程 re-employment programs在业人口 working population政府搭台，部门推动，企业唱戏Governments set up the stage , various departments cooperate and enterprises put in the show支柱产业 pillar industries知识密集型产业 knowledge-intensive projects中心环节 the pivotal point抓大放小 invigorate large enterprises while relaxing control over small one s;focus on the restructuring of major enterprises and leave minor ones to fend for t hemselves转化机制 shift to new management mechanisms转化经营机制 change operating mechanism装备精良 state-of-the-art equipment资金技术密集型产业 capital-and-technology-intensive industries劳动密集型产业 labor-intensive industries自负盈亏 be responsible for their own profits and losses财政金融Finance保理业务factoring business保税区the low-tax , tariff-free zone ; bonded area比较完整的金融市场体系 a relatively complete financial market system变现sell off财务报告分析 analysis of financial statement财务成本 financial cost财务丑闻 accounting scandal财政法 fiscal law财政收入/支出financial revenue / expenditure财政转移支付 transfer payment from the exchequer搀水股票 water-down stocks (ordinary stocks that can be bought by perso ns inside a stock company or a business at a cost lower that their face value )筹资融资 fund and financing城乡信用社 credit cooperatives in both urban and rural areas存款保证金 guaranty money for deposits呆帐 bad loan贷款无力偿还 loan defaults地区货币集团 regional corrency blocks电子银行 e-banking电子应用系统 e-application对冲基金 hedge fund二板时常：创业板市场second board (on the country’s stock market)防范金融风险 prevent financial risks费改税 transform administrative fees into taxes分拆上市 A subsidiary company of a corporation is listed on the stock ma rket .分期付款 installment payment分税制 system of tax distribution风险管理 risk management风险投资 risk investment风险资本 venture capital封闭式基金 close-ended fund辐射全国，影响深远 radiate its profound influence across the country高增长，低通胀 high growth and low inflation公积金 public accumulation funds ; public reserve funds公司犯罪 corporate crime国际清算银行 international clearing banks国有商业银行 state-owned commercial banks国债专项资金 special fund for treasury bond核心/非核心资产core/ non-core assets汇率机制 exchange-rate regime货币化 monetization货币回笼 withdrawal of currency from circulation货到付款 cash on delivery技术转让 technology transfer假帐 accounting fraud虚报盈利 inflate profits监视会 supervisory board结售汇制度 the system of exchange , settlement and sales 金本位 gold standard金边债券 gilt-edged bonds金降落伞 golden parachute金融电子化 computerize financial services金融重组 financial reorganization债务人持有资产 debtor-in-possession (DIP)金税工程 Golden Tax Project金银买卖市场 a bullion trading market可支配收入 disposable income客户关系管理 customer relationship management (CRM)宽限期 grace period垃圾债券 junk bond利改税 substitution of tax payment for profit delivery内部风险管理 the internal risk management内部自律控制机制 internal control system欧洲单一货币 the single European currency盘活存量资产 tap the idle assets疲软股票 soft stock骗汇，逃汇，套汇 obtain foreign currency at false pretenses , not turn over for eign currency owed to the government and illegal arbitrage企业资源计划 enterprise resource planning (ERP)全球金融体系 global financial architecture全天候交易 24-hour trading operations融资渠道 financing channels三角债 chain debt上市融资 seek financing by listing on the stock market设置严密的警戒线 throw a tight cordon申请破产保护 file for bankruptcy protection生产要素 essential factor of production直销 non-store selling网上银行业 online-banking在线金融 online-finance实行许可证制 implement a license system收购公司 acquiring company现金流量表 chart of cash flow首席运营官 Chief Operating Officer (COO)首席财务官 Chief Finance Officer (CFO)首席商务官 Chief Business Officer (CBO)首席技术官 Chief Technology Officer (CTO)首席信息官 Chief Information Officer (CIO)首席沟通官 Chief Government Officer (CGO)授信额度 line of credit税前/税后收入 pretax/after-tax income上市/被摘牌公司 listed / delisted company上调税申报制度 personal income declaration system顺差 trade surplus特许税 franchise tax粘现市场 discount market通存通税 the banking procedure where deposits and withdrawals are proce ssed at any branch bank统一税 flat tax ; consolidated tax偷税，骗税，逃税，抗税 tax evasion , tax fraud , and refusal to pay taxes投资信心 investor confidence财务报表 financial statement外国基准货币 the foreign base currency外汇储备 foreign exchange reserve外汇市场 a foreign exchange market外资财务公司 foreign-funded financial companies外资银行 foreign-funded banks金融交易安全 financial transaction security无息和低息贷款 loans with no or low interest物价涨幅 the margin of price rise吸收游资 absorb idle fund消费信贷 consumer credit services信贷风险 credit risk信贷支持 credit aid信用紧缩 credit crunch信用危机 credit crisis虚拟银行 virtual bank电子转帐 wire transfer延期还本付息 delayed repayment of capital and interest业绩报表 earning report金融违规行为 financial irregularities / improprieties证券交易委员会 Securities Exchange Commission (SEC)一式两联 (receipt or invoice)in duplicate营业税 turnover tax ; business tax增发长期国债 issue additional long-term treasury bonds债权转股权/债转股debt-for-equity swap帐面收益 paper profit有形资产 physical assets项目资本金制度 project fund system资产重组 recapitalize中国外汇交易中心 Chinese Foreign Exchange Trading Service中国财政赤字 state financial deficits转手贸易 switch trade（银行的）交易 transact原始股 initial offerings新股发行 initial public offerings (IPO)智力资本 intellectual capital投资回收期 investment payoff period资产保值增值 maintain and increase the value of assets ; maintenance and appreciation of assets资产负债比例管理 exercise management over the liability rate on assets资产负债表 balance sheet自由兑换 free convertibility ; be freely converible自助银行 self-service bank证券Securities保证金 margin ; collateral成分指数 component index承销商 underwriter发行人 issuer封闭式证券投资基金 closed-end securities investment fund开放式证券投资基金 open-end securities investment fund 基金托管银行 fund custodian bank散户 retail ; private investor股本 share capital ; equity capital国库券 treasury bond红利；股息 dividend货币市场 monetary market机构投资者 institutional investor建/平仓open /close a position可流通股份 negotiable share可转换债券 convertible bond控股股份 controlling shareholder蓝筹股 blue chips流通性 liquidity内幕交易 insider trading / dealing配股 allotment of shares评级机构 rating agency企业债券 corporate bond清算；结算 clearing and settlement券商 broker ; dealer认股权证 warrant融券 securities loan金融衍生产品 financial derivatives申购 subscribe市场操纵 market manipulation市值 market capitalization收购兼并 merger and acquisition信息披露 information disclosure信用交易credit trading债券bond ; debenture中介机构intermediary资本市场capital market综合指数composite index房产Real Estate按揭贷款mortgage loan拆迁计划resettlement plan地段plot都市峡谷urban canyon房产开发公司real estate developer房屋总面积gross area高层楼房high-rise buildings高密度立体城市high density vertical city公告地价government-estimated land price绿地面积greenland area ; landscaping space棚户shacks ; family that live in shacks平面设计师graphic designer期房forward delivery housing乔迁之喜Best wishes for your new home人均住房per-capita housing ; average living space商品房空置的现象the vacancy problem in commercial housing使用面积floorage ; usable floor area室内面积carpet area四合院an old siheyuan (a compound with traditional Chinese house of g rey bricks and tiles built around a courtyard )筒子楼tube-shaped apartment危旧房old and dilapidated houses物业管理real estate management。

MBA英语翻译方法之表语从句译法

MBA英语翻译方法之表语从句译法它也是由that, what, why, how, when, where, whether等连词和关联词引导的。

一般来讲，可以先译主句，后译从句。

如：The result of invention of steam engine was that human power was replaced by mechanical power.参考译文：蒸汽机创造的结果是机械力代替了人力。

The advantage of rolling bearing is that they cause less friction.参考译文：滚动轴承的优点是它产生的摩擦力较小。

1.在that (this) is why…句型中，如果选择先译主句，后译从句，可以译成这就是为…，这就是为什么…的原因，这就是…的缘故等。

如果选择先译从句，再译主句，一般可以译为…原因就在这里，…理由就在这里等。

如：That is why heat can melt ice, vaporize water and cause bodies to expand.参考译文：这就是为什么热能使冰融化，使水蒸发，使物体膨胀的原因。

That is why practice is the criterion of truth and whythe standard of practice should be first and fundamental in the theory of knowledge.分析：原句表语很长，所以此处采用了紧缩原那么。

参考译文：所谓实践是真理的标准，所谓实践的标准，应该是认识论的首先的和根本的观点，理由就在这个地方。

2.在this (it) is because…句型中，一般先译主句，再译从句，译成是因为…，这是因为…的缘故，这是由于…的缘故。

如：This is because the direct current flows in a wire always in one direction.参考译文：这是由于直流电在导线中总沿着一个方向流动的缘故。

英语2历年翻译真题及答案07-16

MBA英语考试历年翻译真题2007Powering the great ongoing changes of our time is the rise of human creativity as the defining feature of economic life. Creativity has come to be valued, because new technologies, new industries and new wealth flow from it. Andas a result, our lives and society have begun to echo with creative ideas. It is our commitment to creativity in its varied dimensions that forms the underlying spiritof our age.Creativity is essential to the way we live and work today, and in many sensesalways has been. The big advances in standard of living –-not to mention the bigbetter competitive advantages in the marketplace--always have come from‖　not strictly true. OneOne might argue that‘srecipes, not just more cooking.‖　might point out, for instance, that during the long period from the early days onthe Industrial Revolution to modern times, much of the growth in productivity andmaterial wealth in the industrial nations came not just from creative inventionslike the steam engine, but from the wid espread application of ―cooking i nlike massive division of labor, concentration of assets, quantity‖ business methodsvertical integration and economies of scale. But those methods themselves werecreative developments.2008The term ”business model”first came into widespread use with the invention of personal computer and the spreadsheet(空白表格程序).Before the spreadsheet, business planning usually meant producing a single forecast. At best,you did a little sensitivity analysis around the projection. The spreadsheet ushered in a much more analytic approach to planning because every major lineitem could be pulled apart, its components and subcomponents analyzed and tested. You could ask what- if questions about the critical assumptions on which.your business depended-for example, what if customers are more price-sensitivethan we thought?-and with a few keystrokes, you could see how any change wouldplay out on every aspect of the whole. In other words, you could model the behavior of a business. Before the computer changed the nature of business planning, most successful business models were created more by accident than by elaborate design. By enabling companies to tie their marketplace insights muchmore tightly to the resulting economics, spread sheet made it possible to modelbusiness before they were launched.2009With the nation’s financial system teetering on a cliff. The compensation arrangements for executives of the big banks and other financial firms are coming under close examination again.Bankers’excessive risk- taking is a significant cause of this financial crisisand has continued, to others in the past, in this case, it was fueled by low interestrates and kept going by a false sense of security created by a debt-fueled bubblein the economy.Mortgage lenders gladly lent enormous sums to those who could not afford topay them back dividing the laws and selling them off to the next financialinstitution along the chain, advantage of the same high-tech securitization to loadon more risky mortgage-based assets.Financial regulation will have to catch up with the most irresponsiblepractices that led banks down in this road, in hopes averting the next crisis, whichis likely to involve different financial techniques and different sorts of assets.But it is worth examining the root problem of compensation schemes that are tiedand thus encourage bankers to taketo short-term profits and revenue‘s,irresponsible risks.2010In this section there is a text in English .Translate it into Chinese. Write yourtranslation on ANSWER SHEET2“Sustainability”has become a popular word these days, but to Ted Ning,the concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured a painful period ofunsustainability in his own life made it clear to him that sustainability-orientedvalues must be expressed though everyday action and choice.Ning recalls spending a confusing year in the late 1990s selling insurance.He’d been though the dot-com boom and burst and, desperate for a job, signedon with a Boulder agency.It didn’t go well. “It was a really had move because that’s not mypassion,”says Ning, whose dilemma about the job translated, predictably, into alack of sales. “I was miserable, I had so much anxiety that I would wake up in themiddle of the night and stare at the ceiling. I had no money and needed the job.Ever yone said, ?Just wait, you‘ll tur n the corner, give it some time.‘‖2011Who would have thought that, globally, the IT industry produces about thesame volume of greenhouse gases as the worl d‘s airlines do --- roughly 2 percentof all CO2 emissions? Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on theenvironment. A Google search can leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2,depending on how many attempts are needed to get the ―right‖ answe results to its users quickly, then, Google has to maintain vast data centres aroundthe world, packed with powerful computers. While producing large quantities ofCO2, these computers emit a great deal of heat, so the centres need to be wellair-conditioned, which uses even more energy. However, Google and other big techproviders monitor their efficiency closely and make improvements. Monitoring isthe first step on the road to reduction, but there is much more to be done, andnot just by big companies.2012When people in developing countries worry about migration,they are usuallyconcerned at the prospect of ther best and brightest departure to Silicon Valleyor to hospitals and universities in the developed world ,These are the kind ofworkers that countries like Britian ,Canada and Australia try to attract by usingimmigration rules that privilege college graduates 。

2011年MBA英语真题翻译

2011年MBA英语真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The Internet affords anonymity to its users, a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has swept across the Web.互联网为用户提供匿名权，私人祝福和言论自由。

但是过度的匿名的还导致了席卷整个网络的网络犯罪的爆发Can privacy be preserved while bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly lawless ?隐私是否应该被保护当它为世界带来似乎越来越多的不合法的安全性？Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nation’s cyber-czar, offered the federal government a proposal to make the Web a safer place-a “voluntary trusted identity” system that would be the high-tech equivalent of a physical key, a fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled into one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential linked to a specific computer .and would authenticate users at a range of online services.上个月，霍华德.施密特，国家的网络-专家，为联邦政府提供了一个使网络成为一个安全场所的提议，这个提议就是建立一个叫做“自识别”的高科技系统，它等价于一个实体钥匙，一个指纹和一个带照片的身份证结合起来。

2020全国研究生考试-管理类联考英语高频词汇(MBA适用)

vt. 采访，会见【频次 3】
n. 审查【频次 3】常考词组： under review 在审查中 e.g. The case is under review. 案件正在审查中。
n. 评论【频次 1】常考词组： film review 影评
vt. 审查【频次 3】检查【频次 2】
n. 评论员【频次 1】
不关你的事。这是私人间的谈话！(新概念 2,第一节)
conversational [kɒnvə'seɪʃ(ə)n(ə)l]
adj. 会话的【频次 2】 e.g. The article is written in a conversational style.
这篇文章是以对话的形式写成的。
MBA 大师 21 天搞定 800+核心词第2页 /共42页
technology [tek'nɒlədʒɪ]
n. 科技，技术 tech 【频次 13】常用搭配：technology revolution 科技革命
technological [teknə'lɒdʒɪk(ə)l]
adj.技术的，科技的【频次 4】常用搭配： technological revolution 技术革命
imbalance [ɪm'bæl(ə)ns]
corporate [ˈkɔːpərət]
corporation [ˌkɔːpə'reɪʃn]
business ['bɪznəs] company ['kʌmpəni]
firm [fɜːm] enterprise ['entəpraɪz]
n. 平衡【频次 12】 vt./vi. 使平衡 e.g. I found it hard to keep my balance on the icy path.

工商管理硕士

当前我国管理类专业硕士有以下7种，工商管理硕士MBA、公共管理硕士MPA，会计硕士MPAcc，工程管理硕士 MEM，旅游管理硕士MTA，图书情报硕士MLIS，审计硕士MAud。之所以把这7个专业，都称为MBA的“兄弟姐妹”，原因在于这7个专业都同考两个科目：管理类联考和考研英语（2）。
发展历史
发展历史
复试流程
复试流程
复试的大致流程相似，一般为收到复试通知书，告知考生准备哪些相关复试材料、复试地点及时间等。通常要完成报道、体检、专业笔试、听力考试以及专业面试和英语口试。但各个学校由于具体要求不同，复试的特点和侧重点也不同，因此考生在复试前应该了解自己所报考学校的复试规则，以及复试内容、参考书目等。
工商管理硕士
工商管理专业学位硕士
01 发展历史
03 学科发展
目录
02 专业介绍 04 报考条件
05 调剂要求
07 复试调剂
目录
06 课程类型 08 复试流程
基本信息
工商管理硕士，全称为工商管理专业型硕士研究生（英文名：Master of Business Administration，简称MBA）。是对应工商管理学术型硕士（专业代码120200）的专业学位硕士，该学位的设立，旨在培养未来能够胜任工商企业和经济管理部门高层管理工作需要的务实型、复合型和应用型高层次管理人才。
谢谢观看
调剂要求
调剂要求
鉴于工商管理、公共管理、会计、旅游管理、图书情报、工程管理、审计等7个专业初试科目完全一致，为确保公平公正，今年进一步明确，考生在7个专业间调剂时，在满足其他调剂条件基础上，初试成绩须同时符合调出专业和调入专业在调入地区的全国初试成绩基本要求。
分数线 2009年MBA国家分数线 A线：155 50 85 B线：145 45 77 C线：135 68 40 2010年MBA国家分数线 A线：165 47 94 B线：155 42 84 C线：145 37 74

MBA核心单词解析(O字母)

72. obedient [əu'bi:diənt] a. 顺从的，从命的；孝顺的obey di ent →a.从命的，顺从的，孝顺的a obedient child 听话的孩子obedient a. 从命的submissive[səb'misiv] a.屈服的，从命的a submissive husband 妻管严sub miss ive →放鄙人面的动→a.屈服的，从命的tame[teim] a.诚恳的，驯服的tame animal 温顺的动物73. objectob ject →反标的目的扔→v. 反对→object to sth 反对某物/事表“反〞表“扔〞n. 物体→objective↓objective →把事物本身暗示出来→a.基于客不雅事实的；客不雅的n. 目标object ivesubjective ←→objectiveto attain one’s objective 达到本身的目标object to反对be againstoppose ①反对〔物〕sb oppose sth②使反对〔人〕oppose sb to sthbe opposed toface vt. ①面对〔物〕②使面对〔人〕、sb face sth face sb with sthsb be faced with sthconfront vt. ①面对〔物〕②使面对〔人〕sb confront sth confront sb sthsb be confronted sth74. oblige[ə'blaidʒ] vt. ①迫使〔客不雅〕；②使感谢ob lige →不让效忠→vt. 迫使；强制反效忠的，忠君的①迫使〔客不雅〕be abliged to do 被迫做某事，不得不做某事②使感谢Would you oblige me by doing / Would you mind…表请求〔你能否通过做某事让我感谢下呢？〕词义辨析：compel, constrain, force, oblige 这一组动词都有"强迫"的意思。

MBA翻译之理论与技巧

MBA翻译之理论与技巧——英译汉概论1. MBA大纲对英译汉的要求及评分标准。

2. 段落翻译的基本步骤和过程。

3. 英译汉的特点及翻译技巧4. 英译汉实战演练5. 历年考题内容，规律及特点分析。

一，直译法和意译法Smashing a mirror is no way to make an ugly person beautiful, nor is it a way to make social problems evaporate.砸镜子不能使丑八怪变漂亮，也不能使社会问题烟消云散。

砸镜子并不能解决实际问题。

I gave my youth to the sea and I came home and gave my wife my old age.我把青春献给海洋，我回家的时候便把老年给了我的妻子。

（不通顺）我把青春献给海洋，等我回到家里的见到妻子的时候，已经是白发苍苍了。

直译指不但表达原文的内容，而且还保留原文的表达形式，比如比喻，原文的形象，民族特色。

意译不拘泥原文的表达方式，而是根据译出语的文化语言习惯通顺，贴切的表达。

能直译的尽量直译，前提是英语句子的结构和内容大体符合汉语的思维形式。

要求是词义表达贴切。

注意把握尺度，直译的得分比不贴切的意译要高。

1.There is no reason for us to be enemies. 我们没有理由成为敌人。

2. You are crazy to go out in this stormy weather. 你在这样的暴风雨里外出简直是疯了。

3. Keep your shirt on! 别激动嘛！4.She is a busy-body. 她是个多嘴多舌，爱管闲事的人。

5. Do you see any green in my eyes? 你以为我是好欺负的吗？6. He is the last man I want to see. 他是我最不愿意见的人。

1月MBA翻译真题

2021年一月MBA联考英语翻译真题Section ⅢTranslation“Sustainability" has become a popular word these days. But to Ted Ning, the concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured a painful period of unsustainability in his own life made it clear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed through everyday actions and choice.Ning recalls spending a confusing year in the late 1990s selling insurance. He had been through the dot-com boom and burst and, desperate for a job, signed on with a Boulder agency.It didn't go well. "It was a really bad move because that's not my passion'', says Ning, whose dilemma about the job translated, predictably, into a lack of sales.〞I was miserable. I had so much anxiety that I would wake up in the middle of night and stare at the ceiling. I had no money and needed the job. Everyone said, "Just wait, you will turn the corner, give it some time."〔1〕With the nation’s financial system teetering on a cliff. The compensation arrangements for executives of the big banks and other financial firms are coming under close examination again.Bankers’ excessive risk- taking is a significant cause of this financial crisis and has continued, to others in the past, in this case, it was fueled by low interest rates and kept going by a false sense of security created by a debt-fueled bubble in the economy.〔2〕Mortgage lenders gladly lent enormous sums to those who could not afford to pay them back dividing the laws and selling them off to the next financial institution along the chain, advantage of the same high-tech securitization to load on more risky mortgage-based assets.〔3〕Financial regulation will have to catch up with the most irresponsible practices that led banks down in this road, in hopes averting the next crisis, which is likely to involve different financial techniques and different sorts of assets. But it is worth examining the root problem of compensation schemes that are tied to short-term profits and revenue’s, and thus encourage bankers to take irresponsible risks.Section 4 Translation (20 points)Direction: in this section there is a paragraph in English. Translate it into C hinese and write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.The term "business model" first came into widespread use with the invention of personal computer and the spreadsheet(空白表格程序). Before the spreadsheet, business planning usually meant producing a single forecast. At best, you did a little sensitivity analysis around the projection. 〔1〕The spreadsheet ushered in a much more analytic approach to planning because every major line item could be pulled apart, it components and subcomponents analyzed and tested. 〔2〕You could ask what-if questions about the critical assumptions on which your business depended-for example, what if customers are more price-sensitive than we thought? And with a few keystrokes, you could see how any change would play out on every aspect of the whole. In other words, you could model the behavior of business. Before the computer changed the nature of business planning, most successful business models were created more by accident than by elaborate design. 〔3〕By enabling companies to tie their marketplace insights much more tightly to the resulting economics, spreadsheet made it possible to model business before they were launched.Section IV Translation (20 points)Directions: In this section there is a passage in English Translate the passage into Chineseand write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.〔1〕Powering the great ongoing changes of our time is the rise of human creativity as the defining feature of economic life. Creativity has come to be valued, because new technologies, new industries and new wealth flow from it. And as a result, our lives and society have begun to echo with creative ideas. 〔2〕It is our commitment to creativity in its varied dimensions that forms the underlying spirit of our age.〔3〕Creativity is essential to the way we live and work today, and in many senses always has been. The big advances in standard of living --not to mention the big competitive advantages in the marketplace--always have come from" better recipes, not just more cooking." One might argue that's not strictly true. 〔4〕One might point out, for instance, that during the long period from the early days on the Industrial Revolution to modern times, much of the growth in productivity and material wealth in the industrial nations came not just from creative inventions like the steam engine, but from the widespread application of "cooking in quantity" business methods like massive division of labor ,concentration of assets, vertical integration and economies of scale. But those methods themselves were creative developments.Section IV Translation〔20 point〕Directions：in this section there is a passage in English. Translate the five underlined sentences into Chinese and write your translation on the ANSWER SHEETThe smooth landing of shuttle〔航天飞机〕Discovery ended a flight that was successful in almost every respect but one：the dislodging of a big chunk of foam，like the one that doomed the Columbia. This flight was supposed to vault the shuttle fleet back into space after a prolonged grounding for repairs. But given the repeat of the very problem that two years of retooling was supposed to resolve，the verdict is necessarily mixed.〔61〕Once again，the space agency has been forced to put off the flight until it can find a solution to the problem，and no one seems willing to guess how that may take .The Discovery astronauts performed superbly during their two-week mission，and the shuttle looked better than ever in some respects.〔62〕space officials were justifiably happy that so much had gone well，despite daily worries over possible risks. The flight clearly achieved its prime objectives.The astronauts transferred tons of cargo to the international space station，which has been limping along overhead with a reduced crew and limited supplies carried up on smaller Russian spacecraft .〔63〕They replaced a broken device .repaired another and carted away a load of rubbish that had been left on the station，showing the shuttle can bring full loads back down from space.This was the most scrutinized shuttle flight ever. With the vehicle undergoing close inspection while still in orbit.〔64〕New sensing and photographic equipment to look for potentially dangerous damage to the sensitive external skin proved valuable.A new back flip maneuver allowed station astronauts to photograph the shuttle‘s underbelly .and an extra-long robotic arm enabled astronauts see parts of the shuttle that were previously out of sight.〔65〕The flood of images and the openness in discussing its uncertainties about potential hazards sometimes made it appear that the shuttle was about to fall apart，In the end the damage was clearly tolerable . A much-touted spacewalk to repair the shuttle‘s skin the first of its kind moved an astronaut close enough to pluck out some protruding material with his hand Preliminary evidence indicates that Discovery has far fewer nicks and gouges than shuttles on previous flights，perhaps showing that improvements to reduce the shedding of debris from the external fuel tank have had some success.Section IV Translation (20 points)Directions:In this section there is a passage in English. Translate the five sentences underlined into Chinese and write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2.(56)An art museum director with foresight might follow trends in computer graphics to m ake exhibit more appealing to younger visitor.(57)For instances, capable corporate manager might see alarming rise in local housing price that could affect availability of skilled workers in the region..(58) People in government also need foresight to keep system running smoothly, to play b udget and prevent war.(59)Many of the best known technique for foresight were developed by government planne r, especially in the military, “ thinking about the unthinkable〞.(60)The futurist recognized that the future world is continuing with preset world. We can learn a great deal about what many happen in the future by looking systematically at wha t is happy now.section v translation 〔10 points〕directions：in this section there is a passage in English. Translate the five sentences underlined into Chinese and write your translation on the answer sheet2.March 27，1997，dawned as a normal day at the Collins‘ home. by the middle of the morning，jack Collins was at his desk，writing checks，paying bills the way he always had：on time. then the phone rang，and the nightmare began.〔71〕An investigator for a bank was on the line，asking in a severe voice why Collins， a university physicist，was late on payments for a $27，000 car，bought in Virginia the previous year. “I don’t have a car like this，〞Collins protested. the last time he had set foot in Virginia was as an officer at a submarine base，three decades ago. but his name was on the contract，and so was his social security number. during the months that ensued，he and his wife learned that someone had bought four more cars and 28 other items —— worth $113，000 in all m in their name. Their hitherto good credit record had been destroyed. 〔72〕“After a lifetime of being honest，〞says Collins，“all of a sudden I was basically being accused of stealing and treated like a criminal.〞This is what it means to fall prey to a nonviolent but frightening and fast-growing crime：identity theft.It happens to at least 500，000 new victims each year，according to government figures.〔73〕And it happens very easily because every identification number you have m social security，credit cards driver‘s license，telephone m “is a key that unlocks some storage of money or goods，〞says a fraud 〔欺诈〕program manager of the us postal service. “so i f you throw away your credit card receipt and I get it and use the number on it，I’m not becoming you，but to the credit card company I’ve become your account.〞〔74〕One major problems experts say，is that the social security number 〔SSN〕–originally meant only for retirement benefit and tax purposes —— has become the universal way to identify people. it is used as identification by the military，colleges and in billions of commercial transactions. yet a shrewd thief can easily snatch your SSN，not only by stealing your wallet，but also by taking mail from your box，going through your trash for discarded receipts and bills or asking for it over the phone on some pretext. using your SSN，the thief applies for a credit card in your name，asking that it be sent to a different address than yours，and uses it for multiple purchases. a couple of months later the credit card company，or its debt collection agency，presses you for payment. you don‘t have to pay the debt，but you must clean up your damaged credit record. 〔75〕That means getting a means getting a police report and copy of the erroneous contract，and then using them to clear the fraud from your credit reports which is held by a credit bureau. Each step can require a huge amount of effort.。

mba是什么意思

mba是什么意思MBA是什么意思MBA，全称为Master of Business Administration，翻译过来就是工商管理硕士。

它是一种专业学位，主要着眼于培养学生在商业管理领域中的技能和知识。

MBA的历史可以追溯到20世纪初，最早出现在美国。

当时，工商业的发展和经济的全球化为商业管理教育提供了新的机遇。

随着商业领域的迅速扩张，需要更多专业知识和技能来应对不断变化的挑战。

因此，工商管理硕士学位应运而生。

MBA课程的设置旨在培养学生在商业管理中的领导能力、决策能力和创新能力。

通过系统的课程安排和实践经验，学生可以全面了解企业运作的各个方面，包括市场营销、财务管理、人力资源管理、供应链管理和战略规划等等。

这些课程提供了从理论到实践的平衡教育，使学生能够将所学的知识应用于实际管理问题的解决。

MBA课程通常具有较强的实用性和灵活性。

不同的学校和教育机构针对不同的学生需求和职业发展目标，开设了各种类型的MBA课程。

例如，全日制MBA课程适合那些希望迅速提升在商业领域中的职业发展的学生。

而兼职MBA课程则更适合那些有工作经验的专业人士，他们希望在工作之余继续学习。

在线MBA课程则为那些需要灵活学习安排的人提供了方便。

学习MBA的人群非常多样化。

一方面，有许多年轻的大学毕业生选择进入MBA课程，以提高他们的就业竞争力并加速职业发展。

另一方面，也有很多职业人士攻读MBA课程，以提升自己在职场中的技能和知识水平，并获得更好的晋升机会。

除了培养具体的技能和知识，MBA课程还强调发展学生的领导能力和团队合作能力。

学生通过个案研究、小组项目和商业模拟等实践活动，培养解决复杂问题的能力和有效的沟通能力。

这些是今天职场上成功的关键要素。

另外，MBA课程还为学生提供了丰富的人际网络资源。

通过与同学、校友和教师的互动，学生可以结识各行各业的专业人士，扩展自己的社交圈子，并为将来的职业发展建立关系。

然而，MBA课程并非适合每个人。

MBA英语写作及翻译2011-2018

2018SectionⅢTranslation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER HNEET.(15 points）A fifth grader gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations. He ticks“astronaut”but quickly adds “scientist”to the list and selects it as well. The boy is convinced that if he reads enough, he can explore as many career paths as he likes.And so he reads---everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels. He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a “no reading policy”at the dinner table.That boy was Bill Gates, and he hasn't stopped reading yet---not even after becoming one of the most successful people on the planet. Nowadays, his reading material has changed from science fiction and reference books: recently, he revealed that he reads at least 50 nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction titles because they explain how the world works. “Each book opens up new avenuesof knowledge,”Gates says.46.翻译：一个五年级的学生收到一份家庭作业：即从一系列职业中选择自己未来的职业道路。