土木工程专业英语第8次课讲义
土木工程专业英语(翻译)课件.
给钢束灌浆通常跟随孔道畅通无阻之后。
钢束灌浆之前,孔道应畅通无阻。
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1.1.2 翻译的标准
“信”与“达”是辨证统一的:
“信”是“达”的基础,不忠实的译文再通顺也无 意义;
“达”是“信”的保证,不通顺的译文会影响译文 的质量。
“信”与“达”相结合的原则。
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1.1.3 翻译的过程
在经济的发展中,修建现代化道路的重要性不能过分估计。 在经济发展中,修建现代化道路的重要性无论怎么估计也 不过分。
can not + over = can not … too…无论如何…也不过分.
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1.1.2 翻译的标准
2. A novel solution to car which runs out of control into
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Байду номын сангаас
1.1.1 翻译的任务
专业英语的翻译就要求翻译者在英语、汉语和专
业知识等方面都具有良好的素质和修养。
从某种意义上说,专业英语的翻译同文学类的英 语翻译一样,也是一个再创作的过程。
需要掌握翻译的方法和技巧,不断提高语言文字 水平以及文化、专业知识水平,并在实践中不断 地磨练。
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bridge abutments and the like has become popular in
North America although not yet in Europe.
对于汽车失去控制撞到墩柱上等等类似的问题,尽管在欧洲 还未找到解决的办法,然而在北美已经有了新的很普遍的解 决办法.
土木工程专业英语ppt-课件
Chapter 1
Research and development A civil engineer needs to get involved in research and development to obtain profits and to improve the efficiency to the present and future needs. 研究与开发 土木工程师需要参与研究和开发, 以获取利润, 提高效率, 以满足目前和未来 的需要。
从金字塔到今天的薄壳结构, 世界工程奇迹是土木工程发展的结果。如道路 、铁路、桥梁等通信线路没有发展是不可能的, 是土木工程师工作的成果。下面 列出了土木工程师的各种功能。
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Chapter 1
Investigation The first function of a civil engineer is to collect the necessary data that is required before planning a project. 调查 土木工程师的第一个功能是收集计划项目前所需的数据。 Surveying The objective of surveying is to prepare maps and plans to locate the various structures of a project on the surface of earth. 测量 勘测的目的是准备地图和计划在地球表面寻找项目的各种各样的结构。
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Chapter 1
Planning Depending on the results obtained from investigation and surveying, a civil engineer should prepare the necessary drawing for the project in terms of capacity, size and location of its various components. On the basis of this drawing, a necessary estimate should be worked out.
土木工程专业英语讲稿Lesson_8 Bridge Design and Construction
Lesson 8 Bridge Design and Construction桥梁设计和施工Planning 规划The first step leading to the construction of a modern major bridge is a comprehensive study to determine whether a bridge is needed.建一座现代化大型桥梁的第一步就是广泛研究并确定建桥的必要性。
If it is to be a highway bridge, in the United States for example, a planning study is initiated by a state bridge authority, possibly in cooperation with local governments or the federal government.比如在美国,如果要建一座公路桥梁,州桥梁专家发起规划研究,且需要与当地政府或联邦政府合作。
Studies are made to estimate the amount of bridge traffic, the relief of jammed traffic in nearby highway networks, the effects on the regional economy, and the cost of the bridge.要评估过桥的交通量,能否缓解附近公路网交通拥堵情况,对区域经济的影响以及桥的造价。
The means for financing the project, such as public taxes or sale of revenue bonds repaid by toll charges, are considered.还要考虑工程资金的筹措,如公共税收,或通过收取过路过桥费偿还借贷的国债。
土木工程专业英语课后题答案汇编
英译汉Lesson One Sandcrete is a yellow-white building material made from Portland cement and sand in a ratio of circa 1:8.It is the main building material for walls of single-storey buildings (such as houses and schools)in countries such as Ghana and Nigeria. Measured strengths fo commercially available Sandcrete blocks in Nigeria were found to be between 0.5 and 1 N/mm2,which is well below the 3.5 N/mm2that is legally required there. This may be due to the need of the manufacturers to keep the price low,and since the main cost-factor is the Portland cement, they reduce that, which results in a block that starts behaving more like loose sand.翻译:sandcrete是黄白色建筑材料制成的波特兰水泥和沙子的比例大约1:8.it是主要的建筑墙体材料的单层建筑(如房屋和学校)在加纳和尼日利亚等国家。
测量优势的商用sandcrete块在尼日利亚被发现之间的0.5和1牛顿/毫米,这是远远低于3.5牛顿/毫米,是法律所要求的有。
这可能是由于需要的厂家保持价格低,因为主要cost-factor是波特兰水泥,他们减少,从而在一块,开始表现得更像松砂。
《土木工程专业英语》教学大纲
《土木工程专业英语》教学大纲一课程简介课程编号:课程名称:土木工程专业英语(Professional English for Civil Engineering)课程类型:专业基础课学时:45 学分:3开课学期:6开课对象:土木工程专业学生先修课程:基础英语,土木工程概论或建筑概论,建筑材料,混凝土结构等。
使用教材:土木工程专业英语(上),苏小卒主编,同济大学出版社,2000.8二课程性质、目的与任务本课程是土木专业本科生的专业基础(必修)课,是为对阅读土木工程及工程管理专业英文原版书籍和文章感兴趣的学生所开设。
本课程的基本任务,是针对大学英语专业阅读阶段教学的薄弱环节,旨在进一步提高学生阅读理解能力和综合分析的能力、熟悉专业词汇、开阔视野和思路、了解科技文体、进一步提高学生运用英语的能力,以满足日益增长的国际科技交流与合作的需求。
三教学基本内容与基本要求本课程总的基本要求是:通过本课程的学习,帮助学生完成从大学基础英语阅读阶段到专业英语阅读阶段的过渡,使学生在普通外语的学习基础上,进一步学习和提高阅读和翻译一般难度的专业英语书籍和科技资料,并能以英语为工具,获取专业所需要的信息和具有在一定的专业文章写作能力。
对学生能力培养的要求:阅读速度100—120词/分钟;理解正确程度70~80%;同时具备听、说和写作专业论文的能力。
各章节内容及要求如下:1.Civil Engineering(土木工程)通过详细讲解,使学生掌握文章中的生词、短语、专业术语和科技类文献常用句型。
2.Performance Criteria and Management(工作准则和管理)通过简单介绍,使学生了解这篇文章中的内容概要,熟悉科技类文献常用句型。
3.Structural Materials(建筑材料)通过详细讲解,使学生掌握文章中的生词、短语、专业术语和科技类文献常用句型。
4.Mechanics of Materials(材料力学)通过详细讲解,使学生掌握文章中的生词、短语、专业术语和科技类文献常用句型。
土木专业英语8.doc
Anchorage 锚固停泊地点, 抛锚地点Bend弯曲, 专心于, 屈服bridge pier桥墩buckling压曲扣住buckling deformation翘曲变形buckling stress屈曲应力centroid质心centroid of area面的形[矩]心centroid of volume体积矩心concrete cover 混凝土保护层concrete dam混凝土坝crushing 压碎决定性的Ductility展延性, 柔软性,顺从ductility testing machine延展性试验机eccentricity偏心, 古怪, [数]离心率eccentricity ratio偏心率比elevator shaft电梯,升降梯flexural曲折的, 弯曲的flexural rigidity抗挠刚度helix螺旋, 螺旋状物, [解剖]耳轮hoop箍, 铁环, 戒指, 篮加箍于, 环绕interaction diagram相互影响[作用] lap spice 搭接lap strap (飞机上)安全腰带longitudinal经度的, 纵向的pitch 坡度,高度,间距,节距。
Proportion 确定尺寸,比例, 均衡, 面积, 部分shear剪, 修剪, 剪切slender细长的,苗条的, 微薄的, 微弱的slender body细长体spacing间隔, 间距spacing adjustment间距调整spall 剥落,碎片spiral螺旋形的stability稳定性stirrup 箍筋symmetrical 对称的, 均匀的tie 连系筋,拉杆带子, 线, 鞋带, 不分胜Unit 8Columns: Combined Axial Load and Bending柱的轴向荷载和弯曲的组合变形A column is a vertical structural member transmitting axial compressive loads, with or without moments. The cross-sectional dimensions of a column are generally considerably less than its height. Columns support vertical loads from the floors and roof and transmit these loads to the foundations.柱单元指能够传递压缩荷载的竖直构件,也可以承受弯矩,柱单元的横截面尺寸往往较其高度小的多,柱子承受来自楼面和屋面的竖向荷载,并将这些荷载传递到基础上。
土木工程专业英语完整版本
Contents
The engineers determine pipeline design, the economic and environmental impact of a project on regions it must traverse, the type of materials to be used-steel, concrete, plastic, or combination of various materials installation techniques, methods for testing pipeline strength, and controls for maintaining proper pressure and rate of flow of materials being transported.
结构工程是最重要的一个专业,它包括:将结构的不同部分进行 定位和布置,从而形成一个确定的形式以获得最好的利用;确定结 构必须抵抗的力,结构的自重,风和飓风,使施工材料产生的膨胀 和收缩的温度变化,以及地震力。
Contents
They also determine the combination appropriate materials: steel, concrete, plastic, stone, asphalt, brick, aluminum, or other construction materials.
Structural engineering is the most important specialization, it includes: positioning and arranging the various parts of the structure into a definite form to achieve best utilization; determining the forces that a structure must resist, its own weight, wind and hurricane forces, and temperature change that expand or contract construction materials, and earthquake.
刘红波-土木工程专业英语概要
according to scientific principles, from irrigation and drainage
systems to rocket-launching facilities.
土木工程专业英语
主讲人:刘红波
2018年7月30日
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Lesson 1 Civil Engineering
修建公共设施的工程师们,尽管这个领域比以前更广。
土木工程专业英语
主讲人:刘红波
2018年7月30日
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scope
Community and urban planning
Photogrametry,surveying,and mapping Engineering management Engineering teaching
土木工程专业英语 主讲人:刘红波 2018年7月30日 6/46
Words and Phrases
and
designing
space
platforms
to
house
self-contained
communities.
土木工程专业英语 主讲人:刘红波 2018年7月30日 13/46
Lesson 1 Civil Engineering
土木工程师建造道路,桥梁,隧道,大坝,港口,发
电厂,给排水系统,医院,学校,公共交通和其他现
large population concentrations. They also build privately owned
facilities such as airports, railroads, pipelines, skyscrapers, and other large structures designed for industrial, commercial, or residential use. In addition, civil engineers plan, design, and build complete cities and towns, and more recently have been planning
土木工程专业英语介绍ppt课件
• civil engineering 土木工程 • design of building and civil engineering
structures • steel structure • building engineering • Slab-colume system • Frame structure 工程结构设计 钢结构 房屋建筑工程 板柱结构 框架结构
road and bridge(道路与桥梁) Employment oriented: the road transport department, engaged in road, city road, bridge and tunnel engineering exploration and design, test, maintenance and repair technology and management.
rock-soil(岩土) Classification: industry and civil architecture (工业和民用建筑)
road and bridge(道路与桥梁)
geotechnical engineering(岩土工程)
Geotechnical engineering is a branch of civil engineering, is the application of engineering geology, soil mechanics, rock mechanics, rock soil engineering to solve a technical problem of all kinds of Engineering science. According to the construction phases, work content can be divided into: geotechnical engineering, geotechnical engineering, geotechnical engineering, geotechnical engineering monitoring, geotechnical engineering testing.
土木工程专业英语
土木工程专业英语第一篇:土木工程专业英语水力学 hydraulics水泥 cement桁架 truss 沥青 bitumen混凝土concrete强度strength 非线性nonlinear桩pile刚性rigid隧道tunnel砾石 gravel柱子 column力 force位移 displacement线性的 linear砂浆 mortar弹性 elastic塑性plastic沉降 settlement 弯矩 moment扭矩 torque剪力 shear 正应力 normal stress路面 pavement钢筋混凝土 reinforced concrete抗拉强度 tensile strength抗压强度compressive strength 土木工程civil engineering岩体力学rock mass mechanics粒径grain diameter 容许应力allowable stress土力学soil mechanics斜拉桥cable stayed bridge 悬索桥suspension bridge中性面 neutral plane水灰比 water-cement ratio 民用建筑civil architecture地质成因geologic origin临界截面choking section岩土工程 geotechnical engineering屈服点 yield point横截面(transverse)cross section 安全系数 safety factor抗剪强度 shear strength反复试验 trial and error预应力混凝土priestessed concrete先张法pretensioning concrete 后张法post-tensioning concrete 土质勘测soil investiagation在这两种应力中,前者是压应力,后者是拉应力。
教学大纲
《土木工程专业英语》教学大纲一,课程的性质与任务《土木工程专业英语》是开放教育本科土木工程专业的选修课,计4学分,72 学时,开设1学期。
本课程的任务,是使学生能够在普通英语知识的基础上,初步了解专业英语的特点,基本学会借助工具阅读土工专业文章的方法,在一定程度上掌握专业英语的翻译技巧,为更好地从事本专业打下较扎实的基础。
二,资源与媒体1,主教材:《土木工程英语》,惠宽堂等编著,中国建材工业出版社2003年2 月第一版。
2,网上视频点播直录节目3,网上有针对性的教学辅导、平时作业、自测练习、疑难解答等。
三,教学内容与学时分配专业英语语言基础(2学时)选自主教材的下列文章:Reinforced Concrete (1) (6学时)Hazards (6学时)The Available Information (5学时)Bearing Capacity of Shallow Foundations (5学时)Construction Contracts (4学时)Engineer and Economy (6学时)Pavement of Highway and Airport (1) (6学时)Construction Planning (6学时)The Civil Engineering Project (1) (2) (9学时)Concrete Construction (4学时)Cable-stayed Bridge (7学时)Development of Structural Forms for Tall Building (1) (6学时)合计72学时四,学习方法自学为主,面授为辅,相互学习,网上求助。
五,考核方法本课程的考核分形成性考核和总结性考核两部分。
前者主要为平时作业或教师面授时的提问,后者为期末考试。
期末考试为闭卷形式,时间90分钟。
形成性考占课程总成绩的20%,总结性考核占总成绩的80%六,词汇表本词汇表为大纲拟定者精选的土木工程专业英语中常用的专业词汇与普通词汇,共1000个。
李敏 土木工程专业英语——教学大纲
土木工程专业英语课程教学大纲课程名称:土木工程专业英语课程类型:专业选修课总学时数:32学分:2先修课程:《理论力学》、《材料力学》、《结构力学》、《建筑材料》开课单位:土木工程学院适用专业:土木工程一、课程性质、目的与任务目前,我国土木工程行业与国外同行交流日益频繁,国内越来越多的土木工程企业和机构开始融入国际市场竞争的浪潮。
学习本课程,是为了让学生掌握一定量的专业或与专业有关的常用单词和词组,培养学生专业英语的基本技能,便学生毕业后能够更快、更有效地运用英语这一语言工具,获取国外与本专业有关的科技信息,并进行专业技术交流。
本课程的主要任务是:1。
掌握专业英语的特点和常用专业词汇的词根和词缀。
2. 掌握常见的土木专业术语的英语表达方式。
3。
基本学会借助工具阅读土木工程专业文章的方法,在一定程度上掌握专业英语的翻译技巧,能够顺利地阅读和翻译英文的专业刊物,为更好地从事本专业打下较扎实的基础。
4.提高学生的写作能力,介绍土木论文摘要写作的知识,使学生初步具有写作英文摘要的能力.二、教学内容及教学基本要求通过课堂讲授科技英语的语法特点和文体结构,以及科技英语文献的翻译方法和技巧,使学生在完成本课程学习后能掌握一定数量的土木土程专业英语常用词汇、专业木语,能够正确地阅读本专业英语书籍和文献,掌握专业英语写作的基本技巧。
第一章Civil Engineering教学内容:1.年级grade, 专业\主修major,学校Shangqiu Institute of Technology。
2。
三大力学(Mechanics)3。
三个专业(civil engineering,engineering management,architecture environment and equipmentengineering)4。
Civil engineering is one of the oldest engineering specialties。
土木工程专业英语全部
Lesson 1Compression MembersNew Words1. achieve achievement2. eccentricity center, 中心; ec centric 偏心的;ec centricity 偏心,偏心距3. inevitable evitable 可避免的avoidable; in evitable 不可避免的unavoidable4. truss 桁架triangular truss, roof truss, truss bridge5. bracing brace 支柱,支撑;bracing, 支撑,撑杆6. slender 细长,苗条;stout; slenderness7. buckle 压曲,屈曲;buckling load8. stocky stout9. convincingly convince, convincing, convincingly10. stub 树桩,短而粗的东西;stub column 短柱11. curvature 曲率;curve, curvature12. detractor detract draw or take away; divert; belittle,贬低,诽谤;13. convince14. argument dispute, debate, quarrel, reason, 论据(理由)15. crookedness crook 钩状物,v弯曲,crooked 弯曲的16. provision 规定,条款Phrases and Expressions1. compression member2. bending moment shear force, axial force3. call upon (on) 要求,请求,需要4. critical buckling load 临界屈曲荷载critical 关键的,临界的5. cross-sectional area6. radius of gyration 回转半径gyration7. slenderness ratio 长细比8. tangent modulus 切线模量9. stub column 短柱10. trial-and-error approach 试算法11. empirical formula 经验公式empirical 经验的12. residual stress 残余应力residual13. hot-rolled shape 热轧型钢hot-rolled bar14. lower bound 下限upper bound 上限16. effective length 计算长度Definition (定义)Compression members are those structural elements that are subjected only to axial compressive forces: that is, the loads are applied along a longitudinal axis through the centroid of the member cross section, and the stress can be taken as f a=P/A, where f a is considered to be uniform over the entire cross section. 受压构件是仅受轴向压力作用的构件,即:荷载是沿纵轴加在其截面形心上的,其应力可表示为…,式中,假定f a在整个截面上均匀分布。
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(2)Concept of Prestressing concrete
“Prestressing concrete” means the artificial creation of stresses in concrete or reinforced concrete before loading, in which internal stresses of such magnitude and distribution have been introduced that the stresses resulting from the given applied loading are counteracted to a desired degree.
【学生翻译】由于这个预应力是纵向地沿着或者平行于这个杆件的中心轴,因此预应力原则上是被人俗称的线性预应力。ຫໍສະໝຸດ parallel:平行的axis:轴线
linear prestressing:线性预应力
【教师补充】由于预应力是沿构件的纵向或平行于构件的轴线施加的,因此这种施加预应力的方法通常称为线预应力法。
【学生翻译】在这个圆柱形或者球形结构上的圆周切应力抵消了曲线表面外纤维由内力所引起的拉应力。
cylindrical:圆柱形的
spherical:球形的,环形的
curvilinear:曲线的,由曲线而成的
【教师补充】在柱形或球形结构上,由环形箍筋所产生的“套箍”应力,可以平衡由内部密闭压力在曲线形表面纤维上所产生的拉应力。
Key Issues(教学重点):预应力混凝土的特点及适用范围。掌握专业词汇;掌握句子表达方式
Lesson3Prestressed Concrete
教师补充Considering:
1.What is prestressing?
“Prestressing” means the artificial creation of stresses in a structure before loading, so that the stresses which then exist under load are more favorable than would otherwise be the case.
【学生翻译】这样一个强加的纵向力称为预应力,也就是说,是一种在受到横断面的重力恒荷载和活荷载作用或者是受到瞬间的水平活荷载作用之前,给沿着这个结构杆件跨度的截面上施加预应力的压缩力。
prestressing force:预应力
生活中的预应力
【教师补充】这种沿纵向施加的力称为预应力,也就是构件在承受自重恒载、活载以及瞬时的水平活载之前就沿着跨度方向施加在构件截面上的预加压力。
i.e.—which is to say,in other words
2.The type of prestressing force involved, together with itsmagnitude, are determined mainly on the basis of the type of system to be constructed and thespan lengthandslendernessdesired.
2. Due to such a low tensile capacity,flexuralcracksdevelop at early stages of loading.
【学生翻译】:由于抗拉承载力低,裂缝会在荷载作用早期阶段发展。
flexural cracks:裂缝
【教师补充】:由于抗拉承载力低,挠曲裂缝在受荷早期就会产生。
【学生翻译】在荷载作用下,这个力能够消除或大大减少跨中关键部位和支座截面的拉伸应力,从而减少裂缝的发展,提高截面的抗弯、抗剪以及抗能力。
midspan:跨中section:截面
【教师补充】此荷载可消除或大大减小使用荷载在跨中和支座临界截面所产生的拉应力,从而控制了裂缝的开展,也提高了截面的抗弯、抗剪和抗扭能力。
Slenderness ratio长细比
3.Since the prestressing principle is applied longitudinally along orparallelto theaxisof the member, the prestressing principle involved is commonly known aslinear prestressing.
Critical:在危机期中的、紧要关头的、转折点的
service load(使用荷载)support(支座)
5.The sections are then able to behaveelastically,and almost the full capacity of the concrete in compression can be efficiently utilized across the entire depth of the concrete sections when all loads act on the structure.
土木工程专业英语第8次课讲义
讲义主编:李国良
副主编:刘福雨李博段鹏程柯志林
参编:全体土木09.1同学
Chapter 7土木工程专业文献选读
Lesson3Prestressed Concrete
预应力混凝土
Objectives(教学目标):本课主要介绍预应力的概念和预应力混凝土方面的基本知识,同时也介绍了预应力混凝土的发展过程、特点以及应用,通过本课的学习,应掌握预应力混凝土的基本知识,掌握相关的专业词汇。
【学生翻译】:混凝土的抗压力高,但抗拉力低:其抗拉强度是抗压强度的百分之八到百分之十四不等。
compression:抗压强度tension:抗拉强度
【教师补充】:混凝土抗压能力强,但抗拉能力低,抗拉强度仅为抗压强度的8%~14%。
tensile strength(抗拉强度)
compressive strength(抗压强度).
【学生翻译】为减少或防止这种裂缝的发展,在结构构件的纵向施加同心或偏心力。
longitudinal:纵向的
【教师补充】为了减小或防止裂缝的开展,可以沿结构构件的纵向施加一个轴心或偏心荷载。
concentric(同心的)eccentric(偏心的)
structural element(结构构件).
4.This force prevents the cracks from developing by eliminating or considerably reducing the tensile stresses at thecriticalmidspanandsupportsectionsatservice load, thereby raising the bending, shear, and torsional capacities of the sections.
Figure 4.1 illustrates, in a basic fashion, the prestressing action in both types of structural systems and the resultingstress response(应力响应).In a), individual concrete blocks act together as a beam due to the large compressing force P.
【学生翻译】环形的预应力,被用在液体的控制箱,管道,压力反应容器,环形的预应力本质上与线性混凝土的基本原理相同。
Circular prestressing:环形预应力
vessel:容器
【教师补充】环预应力应用于密闭液体容器、管道和反应堆堆芯压力容器,其基本原理实质上和线预应力相同。。
Circular prestressing(环向预应力) tanks(池)
2.What is the concept of prestressed concrete?
(1)ACI-American Concrete Institute
Prestressed concrete may bedefinedas concrete in which internal stresses of such magnitude and distribution have been introduced that the stresses resulting from the given applied loading are counteracted to a desired degree.
Paragraph3
1.Circular prestressing, used in liquid containment tanks, pipes, and pressure reactorvessels, essentially follows the same basic principles as does linear prestressing.
【学生翻译】这样,构件能表现出弹性性质,当全部荷载作用于结构时,混凝土构件的全部断面的抗压能力都能够被充分有效地发挥出来。
【教师补充】:这样,当所有荷载都施加于结构上时,截面仍会处于弹性状态,使几乎全截面混凝土的抗压能力都能得到充分利用。
elastically(弹性的),
Paragraph2
1.Such an imposedlongitudinal(纵向的)force is called aprestressing force(预应力), i.e., a compressive force that prestresses the sections along the span of thestructural element(结构构件)prior to(较早的、顺序在先的)the application of thetransverse(横向的)gravity dead and live loads ortransient(瞬时的)horizontal(水平的) live loads.