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剑桥雅思阅读10原文翻译答案精讲(test3)

剑桥雅思阅读10原文翻译答案精讲(test3)

剑桥雅思阅读10原文翻译答案精讲(test3)剑桥雅思阅读部分的题目可以进行一些分类总结,因为考试的常见内容一般都会在下次考试中出现的。

下面就是今天小编给大家带来的剑桥雅思阅读10(test3)的翻译及答案精讲内容,希望能够帮助同学们备考雅思考试。

剑桥雅思阅读10原文(test3)READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 on the following pages.Questions 1-4Reading Passage 1 has five paragraphs, A-E.Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B-E from the list of headings below.Write the correct number, i-vii, in boxes 1-4 on your answer sheetList of Headingsi Economic and social significance of tourismii The development of mass tourismiii Travel for the wealthyiv Earning foreign exchange through tourismv Difficulty in recognising the economic effects of tourismvi The contribution of air travel to tourismvii The world impact of tourismviii The history of travelExample AnswerParagraph A viii1 Paragraph B2 Paragraph C3 Paragraph D4 Paragraph EThe Context, Meaning and Scope of TourismA Travel has existed since the beginning of time, when primitive man set out, often traversing great distances in search of game, which provided the food and clothing necessary for his survival. Throughout the course of history, people have travelled for purposes of trade, religious conviction, economic gain, war, migration and other equally compelling motivations. In the Roman era, wealthy aristocrats and high government officials also travelled for pleasure. Seaside resorts located at Pompeii and Herculaneum afforded citizens the opportunity to escape to their vacation villas in order to avoid the summer heat of Rome. Travel, except during the Dark Ages, has continued to grow and, throughout recorded history, has played a vital role in the development of civilisations and their economies.B Tourism in the mass form as we know it today is a distinctly twentieth-century phenomenon. Historians suggest that the advent of mass tourism began in England during the industrial revolution with the rise of the middle class and the availability of relatively inexpensive transportation. The creation of the commercial airline industry following the Second World War and the subsequent development of the jet aircraft in the 1950s signalled the rapid growth and expansion of international travel. This growth led to the development of a major new industry: tourism. In turn, international tourism became the concern of a number of world governments since it not only provided new employment opportunities but also produced a means of earning foreign exchange.C Tourism today has grown significantly in both economic and social importance. In most industrialised countries over thepast few years the fastest growth has been seen in the area of services. One of the largest segments of the service industry, although largely unrecognised as an entity in some of these countries, is travel and tourism. According to the World Travel and Tourism Council (1992), ‘Travel and tourism is the largest industry in the world on virtually any economic measure including value-added capital investment, employment and tax contributions’. In 1992, the industry’s gross output was estimated to be $3.5 trillion, over 12 per cent of all consumer spending. The travel and tourism industry is the world’s largest employer with almost 130 million jobs, or almost 7 per cent of all employees. This industry is the world’s leading industrial contributor, producing over 6 per cent of the world’s national product and accounting for capital investment in excess of $422 billion in direct, indirect and personal taxes each year. Thus, tourism has a profound impact both on the world economy and, because of the educative effect of travel and the effects on employment, on society itself.D However, the major problems of the travel and tourism industry that have hidden, or obscured, its economic impact are the diversity and fragmentation of the industry itself. The travel industry includes: hotels, motels and other types of accommodation; restaurants and other food services; transportation services and facilities; amusements, attractions and other leisure facilities; gift shops and a large number of other enterprises. Since many of these businesses also serve local residents, the impact of spending by visitors can easily be overlooked or underestimated. In addition, Meis (1992) points out that the tourism industry involves concepts that have remained amorphous to both analysts and decision makers.Moreover, in all nations this problem has made it difficult for the industry to develop any type of reliable or credible tourism information base in order to estimate the contribution it makes to regional, national and global economies. However, the nature of this very diversity makes travel and tourism ideal vehicles for economic development in a wide variety of countries, regions or communities.E Once the exclusive province of the wealthy, travel and tourism have become an institutionalised way of life for most of the population. In fact, McIntosh and Goeldner (1990) suggest that tourism has become the largest commodity in international trade for many nations and, for a significant number of other countries, it ranks second or third. For example, tourism is the major source of income in Bermuda, Greece, Italy, Spain, Switzerland and most Caribbean countries. In addition, Hawkins and Ritchie, quoting from data published by the American Express Company, suggest that the travel and tourism industry is the number one ranked employer in the Bahamas, Brazil, Canada, France, (the former) West Germany, Hong Kong, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Singapore, the United Kingdom and the United States. However, because of problems of definition, which directly affect statistical measurement, it is not possible with any degree of certainty to provide precise, valid or reliable data about the extent of world-wide tourism participation or its economic impact. In many cases, similar difficulties arise when attempts are made to measure domestic tourism.Questions 5-10Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 5-10 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this5 The largest employment figures in the world are found in the travel and tourism industry.6 Tourism contributes over six per cent of the Australian gross national product.7 Tourism has a social impact because it promotes recreation.8 Two main features of the travel and tourism industry make its economic significance difficult to ascertain.9 Visitor spending is always greater than the spending of residents in tourist areas.10 It is easy to show statistically how tourism affects individual economies.Questions 11-13Complete the sentences below.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 11-13 on your answer sheet.11 In Greece, tourism is the most important .12 The travel and tourism industry in Jamaica is the major .13 The problems associated with measuring international tourism are often reflected in the measurement of .READING PASSAGE 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.Autumn leavesCanadian writer Jay Ingram investigates the mystery of why leaves turn red in the fallA One of the most captivating natural events of the year inmany areas throughout North America is the turning of the leaves in the fall. The colours are magnificent, but the question of exactly why some trees turn yellow or orange, and others red or purple, is something which has long puzzled scientists.B Summer leaves are green because they are full of chlorophyll, the molecule that captures sunlight and converts that energy into new building materials for the tree. As fall approaches in the northern hemisphere, the amount of solar energy available declines considerably. For many trees —evergreen conifers being an exception — the best strategy is to abandon photosynthesis_until the spring. So rather than maintaining the now redundant leaves throughout the winter, the tree saves its precious resources and discards them. But before letting its leaves go, the tree dismantles their chlorophyll molecules and ships their valuable nitrogen back into the twigs. As chlorophyll is depleted, other colours that have been dominated by it throughout the summer begin to be revealed. This unmasking explains the autumn colours of yellow and orange, but not the brilliant reds and purples of trees such as the maple or sumac.C The source of the red is widely known: it is created by anthocyanins, water-soluble plant pigments reflecting the red to blue range of the visible spectrum. They belong to a class of sugar-based chemical compounds also known as flavonoids. What’s puzzling is tha t anthocyanins are actually newly minted, made in the leaves at the same time as the tree is preparing to drop them. But it is hard to make sense of the manufacture of anthocyanins — why should a tree bother making new chemicals in its leaves when it’s alr eady scrambling to withdraw and preserve the ones already there?D Some theories about anthocyanins have argued that they might act as a chemical defence against attacks by insects or fungi, or that they might attract fruit-eating birds or increase a leaf’s tolerance to freezing. However there are problems with each of these theories, including the fact that leaves are red for such a relatively short period that the expense of energy needed to manufacture the anthocyanins would outweigh any anti-fungal or anti-herbivore activity achieved._photosynthesis: the production of new material from sunlight, water and carbon dioxideE It has also been proposed that trees may produce vivid red colours to convince herbivorous insects that they are healthy and robust and would be easily able to mount chemical defences against infestation. If insects paid attention to such advertisements, they might be prompted to lay their eggs on a duller, and presumably less resistant host. The flaw in this theory lies in the lack of proof to support it. No one has as yet ascertained whether more robust trees sport the brightest leaves, or whether insects make choices according to colour intensity.F Perhaps the most plausible suggestion as to why leaves would go to the trouble of maki ng anthocyanins when they’re busy packing up for the winter is the theory known as the ‘light screen’ hypothesis. It sounds paradoxical, because the idea behind this hypothesis is that the red pigment is made in autumn leaves to protect chlorophyll, the light-absorbing chemical, from too much light. Why does chlorophyll need protection when it is the natural world’s supreme light absorber? Why protect chlorophyll at a time when the tree is breaking it down to salvage as much of it as possible?G Chlorophyll, although exquisitely evolved to capture theenergy of sunlight, can sometimes be overwhelmed by it, especially in situations of drought, low temperatures, or nutrient deficiency. Moreover, the problem of oversensitivity to light is even more acute in the fall, when the leaf is busy preparing for winter by dismantling its internal machinery. The energy absorbed by the chlorophyll molecules of the unstable autumn leaf is not immediately channelled into useful products and processes, as it would be in an intact summer leaf. The weakened fall leaf then becomes vulnerable to the highly destructive effects of the oxygen created by the excited chlorophyll molecules.H Even if you had never suspected that this is what was going on when leaves turn red, there are clues out there. One is straightforward: on many trees, the leaves that are the reddest are those on the side of the tree which gets most sun. Not only that, but the red is brighter on the upper side of the leaf. It has also been recognised for decades that the best conditions for intense red colours are dry, sunny days and cool nights, conditions that nicely match those that make leaves susceptible to excess light. And finally, trees such as maples usually get much redder the more north you travel in the northern hemisphere. It’s colder there, they’re more stressed, their chlorophyll is more sensitive and it needs more sunblock.I What is still not fully understood, however, is why some trees resort to producing red pigments while others don’t bother, and simply reveal their orange or yellow hues. Do these trees have other means at their disposal to prevent overexposure to light in autumn? Their story, though not as spectacular to the eye, will surely turn out to be as subtle and as complex.Questions 14-18Reading Passage 2 has nine paragraphs, A-I.Which paragraph contains the following information?Write the correct letter, A-I, in boxes 14-18 on your answer sheet.NB You may use any letter more than once.14 a description of the substance responsible for the red colouration of leaves15 the reason why trees drop their leaves in autumn16 some evidence to confirm a theory about the purpose of the red leaves17 an explanation of the function of chlorophyll18 a suggestion that the red colouration in leaves could serve as a warning signalQuestions 19-22Complete the notes below.Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 19-22 on your answer sheet.Why believe the ‘light screen’ hypothesis?The most vividly coloured red leaves are found on the side of the tree facing the 19 .The 20 surfaces of leaves contain the most red pigment.Red leaves are most abundant when daytime weather conditions are 21 and sunny.The intensity of the red colour of leaves increases as you go further 22 .Questions 23-25Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2?In boxes 23-25 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this23 It is likely that the red pigments help to protect the leaf from freezing temperatures.24 The ‘light screen’ hypothesis would initially seem to contradict what is known about chlorophyll.25 Leaves which turn colours other than red are more likely to be damaged by sunlight.Question 26Choose the correct letter A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in box 26 on your answer sheet.For which of the following questions does the writer offer an explanation?A why conifers remain green in winterB how leaves turn orange and yellow in autumnC how herbivorous insects choose which trees to lay their eggs inD why anthocyanins are restricted to certain treesREADING PASSAGE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.Beyond the blue horizonAncient voyagers who settled the far-flung islands of the Pacific OceanAn important archaeological discovery on the island of Efate in the Pacific archipelago of Vanuatu has revealed traces of an ancient seafaring people, the distant ancestors of today’s Polynesians. The site came to light only by chance. An agricultural worker, digging in the grounds of a derelict plantation, scraped open a grave — the first of dozens in a burial ground some 3,000 years old. It is the oldest cemetery ever found in the Pacificislands, and it harbors the remains of an ancient people archaeologists call the Lapita.They were daring blue-water adventurers who used basic canoes to rove across the ocean. But they were not just explorers. They were also pioneers who carried with them everything they would need to build new lives — their livestock, taro seedlings and stone tools. Within the span of several centuries, the Lapita stretched the boundaries of their world from the jungle-clad volcanoes of Papua New Guinea to the loneliest coral outliers of Tonga.The Lapita left precious few clues about themselves, but Efate expands the volume of data available to researchers dramatically. The remains of 62 individuals have been uncovered so far, and archaeologists were also thrilled to find six complete Lapita pots. Other items included a Lapita burial urn with modeled birds arranged on the rim as though peering down at the human remains sealed inside. ‘It’s an important discovery,’ says Matthew Spriggs, professor of archaeology at the Australian National University and head of the international team digging up the site, ‘for it conclusively identifies the remains as Lapita.’DNA teased from these human remains may help answer one of the most puzzling questions in Pacific anthropology: did all Pacific islanders spring from one source or many? Was there only one outward migration from a single point in Asia, or several from different points? ‘This represents the best opportunity we’ve had yet,’ says Spriggs, ‘to find out who the Lapita actually were, where they came from, and who their closest descendants are today.’There is one stubborn question for which archaeology has yet to provide any answers: how did the Lapita accomplish theancient equivalent of a moon landing, many times over? No-one has found one of their canoes or any rigging, which could reveal how the canoes were sailed. Nor do the oral histories and traditions of later Polynesians offer any insights, for they turn into myths long before they reach as far back in time as the Lapita.‘All we can say for certain is that the Lapita had canoes that were capable of ocean voyages, and they had the ability to sail them,’ says Geoff Irwin, a professor of archaeology at the University of Auckland. Those sailing skills, he says, were developed and passed down over thousands of years by earlier mariners who worked their way through the archipelagoes of the western Pacific, making short crossings to nearby islands. The real adventure didn’t begin, however, until their Lapita descendants sailed out of sight of land, with empty horizons on every side. This must have been as difficult for them as landing on the moon is for us today. Certainly it distinguished them from their ancestors, but what gave them the courage to launch out on such risky voyages?The Lapita’s thrust into the Pacific was eastward, against the prevailing trade winds, Irwin notes. Those nagging headwinds, he argues, may have been the key to their success. ‘They could sail out for days into the unknown and assess the area, secure in the knowledge that if they didn’t find anything, they could turn about and catch a swift ride back on the trade winds. This is what would have made the whole thing work.’ Once out there, skilled seafarers would have detected abundant leads to follow to land: seabirds, coconuts and twigs carried out to sea by the tides, and the afternoon pile-up of clouds on the horizon which often indicates an island in the distance.For returning explorers, successful or not, the geography oftheir own archipelagoes would have provided a safety net. Without this to go by, overshooting their home ports, getting lost and sailing off into eternity would have been all too easy. Vanuatu, for example, stretches more than 500 miles in a northwest-southeast trend, its scores of intervisible islands forming a backstop for mariners riding the trade winds home.All this presupposes one essential detail, says Atholl Anderson, professor of prehistory at the Australian National University: the Lapita had mastered the advanced art of sailing against the wind. ‘And there’s no proof they could do any such thing,’ Anderson says. ‘There has been this assumption they did, and people have built canoes to re-create those early voyages based on that assumption. But nobody has any idea what their canoes looked like or how they were rigged.’Rather than give all the credit to human skill, Anderson invokes the winds of chance. El Nino, the same climate disruption that affects the Pacific today, may have helped scatter the Lapita, Anderson suggests. He points out that climate data obtained from slow-growing corals around the Pacific indicate a series of unusually frequent El Ninos around the time of the Lapita expansion. By reversing the regular east-to-west flow of the trade winds for weeks at a time, these ‘super El Ninos’ might have taken the Lapita on long unplanned voyages.However they did it, the Lapita spread themselves a third of the way across the Pacific, then called it quits for reasons known only to them. Ahead lay the vast emptiness of the central Pacific and perhaps they were too thinly stretched to venture farther. They probably never numbered more than a few thousand in total, and in their rapid migration eastward they encountered hundreds of islands — more than 300 in Fiji alone.Questions 27-31Complete the summary using the list of words and phrases, A-J, below.Write the correct letter, A-J, in boxes 27-31 on your sheet.The Efate burial siteA 3,000-year-old burial ground of a seafaring people called the Lapita has been found on an abandoned 27 on the Pacific island of Efate. The cemetery, which is a significant 28 , was uncovered accidentally by an agricultural worker.The Lapita explored and colonised many Pacific islands over several centuries. They took many things with them on their voyages including 29 and tools.The burial ground increases the amount of information about the Lapita available to scientists. A team of researchers, led by Matthew Spriggs from the Australian National University, are helping with the excavation of the site. Spriggs believes the 30 which was found at the site is very important since it confirms that the 31 found inside are Lapita.A proofB plantationC harbourD bonesE dataF archaeological discoveryG burial urnH sourceI animalsJ mapsQuestions 32-35Choose the correct letter, A. B, C or D.Write the correct letter in boxes 32-35 on your answer sheet.32 According to the writer, there are difficulties explaining how the Lapita accomplished their journeys becauseA the canoes that have been discovered offer relatively few clues.B archaeologists have shown limited interest in this area of research.C little information relating to this period can be relied upon for accuracy.D technological advances have altered the way such achievements are viewed.33 According to the sixth paragraph, what was extraordinary about the Lapita?A They sailed beyond the point where land was visible.B Their cultural heritage discouraged the expression of fear.C They were able to build canoes that withstood ocean voyages.D Their navigational skills were passed on from one generation to the next.34 What does ‘This’ refer to in the seventh parag raph?A the Lapita’s seafaring talentB the Lapita’s ability to detect signs of landC the Lapita’s extensive knowledge of the regionD the Lapita’s belief they would be able to return home35 According to the eighth paragraph, how was the geography of the region significant?A It played an important role in Lapita culture.B It meant there were relatively few storms at sea.C It provided a navigational aid for the Lapita.D It made a large number of islands habitable.Questions 36-40Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage 3?In boxes 36-40 on your answer sheet, writeYES if the statement agrees with the views of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the views of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this36 It is now clear that the Lapita could sail into a prevailing wind.37 Extreme climate conditions may have played a role in Lapita migration.38 The Lapita learnt to predict the duration of El Ninos.39 It remains unclear why the Lapita halted their expansion across the Pacific.40 It is likely that the majority of Lapita settled on Fiji.剑桥雅思阅读10原文参考译文(test3)Passage 1参考译文:旅游的背景,意义和范畴A. 自从上帝创造了万物以来,旅行就已经存在了:那时原始人启程,常常穿越很远的距离搜寻猎物,这些猎物提供了生存所必需的食物以及衣物。

雅思20道点到线口语翻译

雅思20道点到线口语翻译

附带20道点到线的口语翻译题目1.通过骑自行车,我们可以燃烧卡路里,同时还可以节省时间2.逛公园可以被当作是一种和家人促进情感的好机会3.在中国,人人被誉为是本土版本的Facebook4.参观博物馆可以为学生们提供一个获得知识和吸收信息的好机会5.画画对培养孩子们的审美观和想象力是有帮助的6.出国上学可以给学生们提供了一个锻炼独立性和生存能力的好机会7.烹饪技能可以为孩子们带来动手能力的培养8.数学可以被当作是学习其他学科的基础,比如说会计和金融9.我认为北京是一个你可以品尝到各国美食的城市10.玩玩具可以给孩子们带来动手能力和眼手协调的培养11.没有了动物保护,他们就会面临灭绝,到最后,地球也会面临末日12.公园给你们提供了一个锻炼身体和接触大自然的好机会13.只要动动手指头,我们就可以买到我们想要的商品14.缺乏了啤酒,青岛之行就不会完整15.三亚是一个集休闲娱乐和放松为一体的度假胜地16.今天的人们倾向于过着一种久坐的生活方式17.听说是一回事,身临其境是另外一种体验18.四合院是中国各地都常见的一种历史建筑19.四合院就好像是钢筋水泥丛林当中的绿洲20.我们可以放松地欣赏那五彩斑斓的落日英文句型1.Through cycling, we are able to burn calories and save time2.Getting around in park can be treated as a chance of boosting bonds with family3.In China, Renren is viewed as a local version of Facebook4.Visiting museum can offer students an opportunity of acquiring knowledge and absorbinginformation5.Painting is beneficial for kids to cultivate their creativity and imagination6.Studying abroad provides students with a chance of honing their survival skills andindependence.7.Cooking training can lead to the fostering of hands-on ability for children8.Math can be considered as a foundation of learning other subjects, like accounting andfinance.9.I consider BJ to be a city where we can relish delicacies from all over the world10.Playing toys can lead to the cultivation of hands-on ability and eye-hand coordination forkids.11.Without animal protection, they would be extinct; towards the end, our planet would bedoomed12.Parks provide us with a chance to work out our body and get close to nature13.Only with the touch of fingertips, we are able to buy anything we want14.The trip to QD won’t be complete without the tasting of beer15.SY is an ideal spot for relaxation, romance and entertainment16.Today’s people tend to lead a sedentary lifestyle17.Hearing is one thing, yet seeing it upfront is a different story18.SHY is a typical residential building that can be commonly found throughout China19.SHY is like an oasis in the middle of concrete jungles.20.We can sit back and take in the endless views and colorful sunset.。

剑桥雅思阅读8原文翻译及答案(test3)

剑桥雅思阅读8原文翻译及答案(test3)

剑桥雅思阅读8原文翻译及答案(test3)店铺为大家整理收集了剑桥雅思阅读8真题解析:test3阅读原文解析,希望对各位考生的备考有所帮助,祝每位烤鸭考试顺利,都能取得好成绩!剑桥雅思阅读8原文(test3)READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.Striking Back at LightningWith LasersSeldom is the weather more dramatic than when thunderstorms strike. Their electrical fury inflicts death or serious injury on around 500 people each year in the United States alone. As the clouds roll in, a leisurely round of golf can become a terrifying dice with death — out in the open, a lone golfer may be a lightning bolt’s most inviting target. And there is damage to property too. Lightning damage costs American power companies more than $100 million a year.But researchers in the United States and Japan are planning to hit back. Already in laboratory trials they have tested strategies for neutralising the power of thunderstorms, and this winter they will brave real storms, equipped with an armoury of lasers that they will be pointing towards the heavens to discharge thunderclouds before lightning can strike.The idea of forcing storm clouds to discharge their lightning on command is not new. In the early 1960s, researchers tried firing rockets trailing wires into thunderclouds to set up an easy discharge path for the huge electric charges that these clouds generate. The technique survives to this day at a test site inFlorida run by the University of Florida, with support from the Electrical Power Research Institute (EPRI), based in California. EPRI, which is funded by power companies, is looking at ways to protect the United States’ power grid from lightning strikes. ‘We can cause the lightning to strike where we want it to usin g rockets,’ says Ralph Bernstein, manager of lightning projects at EPRI. The rocket site is providing precise measurements of lightning voltages and allowing engineers to check how electrical equipment bears up.Bad behaviourBut while rockets are fine for research, they cannot provide the protection from lightning strikes that everyone is looking for. The rockets cost around $1,200 each, can only be fired at a limited frequency and their failure rate is about 40 per cent. And even when they do trigger lightning, things still do not always go according to plan. ‘Lightning is not perfectly well behaved,’ says Bernstein. ‘Occasionally, it will take a branch and go someplace it wasn’t supposed to go.’And anyway, who would want to fire streams of rockets in a p opulated area? ‘What goes up must come down,’ points out Jean-Claude Diels of the University of New Mexico. Diels is leading a project, which is backed by EPRI, to try to use lasers to discharge lightning safely —and safety is a basic requirement since no one wants to put themselves or their expensive equipment at risk. With around $500,000 invested so far, a promising system is just emerging from the laboratory.The idea began some 20 years ago, when high-powered lasers were revealing their ability to extract electrons out of atoms and create ions. If a laser could generate a line of ionisation in the air all the way up to a storm cloud, thisconducting path could be used to guide lightning to Earth, before the electric field becomes strong enough to break down the air in an uncontrollable surge. T o stop the laser itself being struck, it would not be pointed straight at the clouds. Instead it would be directed at a mirror, and from there into the sky. The mirror would be protected by placing lightning conductors close by. Ideally, the cloud-zapper (gun) would be cheap enough to be installed around all key power installations, and portable enough to be taken to international sporting events to beam up at brewing storm clouds.A stumbling blockHowever, there is still a big stumbling block. The laser is no nifty portable: it’s a monster that takes up a whole room. Diels is trying to cut down the size and says that a laser around the size of a small table is in the offing. He plans to test this more manageable system on live thunderclouds next summer.Bernstein says that Diels’s system is attracting lots of interest from the power companies. But they have not yet come up with the $5 million that EPRI says will be needed to develop a commercial system, by making the lasers yet smaller and cheaper. ‘I cannot say I have money yet, but I’m working on it,’ says Bernstein. He reckons that the forthcoming field tests will be the turning point —and he’s hoping for good news. Bernstein predicts ‘an avalanche of interest and support‘ if all goes well. He expects to see cloud-zappers eventually costing $50,000 to $100,000 each.Other scientists could also benefit. With a lightning ‘switch’ at their fingertips, materials scientists could find out what happens when mighty currents meet matter. Diels also hopes to see the birth of ‘interactive meteorology’ —not justforecasting the weather but controlling it. ‘If we could discharge clouds, we might affect the weather,’ he says.And perhaps, says Diels, we’ll be able to conf ront some other meteorological menaces. ‘We think we could prevent hail by inducing lightning,’ he says. Thunder, the shock wave that comes from a lightning flash, is thought to be the trigger for the torrential rain that is typical of storms. A laser thunder factory could shake the moisture out of clouds, perhaps preventing the formation of the giant hailstones that threaten crops. With luck, as the storm clouds gather this winter, laser-toting researchers could, for the first time, strike back.Questions 1-3Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in boxes 1-3 on your answer sheet.1 The main topic discussed in the text isA the damage caused to US golf courses and golf players by lightning strikes.B the effect of lightning on power supplies in the US and in Japan.C a variety of methods used in trying to control lightning strikes.D a laser technique used in trying to control lightning strikes.2 According to the text, every year lightningA does considerable damage to buildings during thunderstorms.B kills or injures mainly golfers in the United States.C kills or injures around 500 people throughout the world.D damages more than 100 American power companies.3 Researchers at the University of Florida and at the University of New MexicoA receive funds from the same source.B are using the same techniques.C are employed by commercial companies.D are in opposition to each other.Questions 4-6Complete the sentences below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 4-6 on your answer sheet.4 EPRI receives financial support from ..................... .5 The advantage of the technique being developed by Diels is that it can be used.....................6 The main difficulty associated with using the laser equipment is related to its.....................Questions 7-10Complete the summary using the list of words, A-I, below.Write the correct letter, A-I, in boxes 7-10 on your answer sheet.In this method, a laser is used to create a line of ionization by removing electrons from 7 ..................... . This laser is then directed at 8 ..................... in order to control electrical charges, a method which is less dangerous than using 9..................... . As a protection for the lasers, the beams are aimed firstly at10 ..................... .A cloud-zappersB atomsC storm cloudsD mirrorsE techniqueF ionsG rockets H conductors I thunderQuestions 11-13Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 11-13 on your answer sheet writeYES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writerNo if the statement contradicts the claims of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this11 Power companies have given Diels enough money to develop his laser.12 Obtaining money to improve the lasers will depend on tests in real storms.13 Weather forecasters are intensely interested in Diels’s system.READING PASSAGE 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.The Nature of GeniusThere has always been an interest in geniuses and prodigies. The word ‘genius’, from the Latin gens (= family) and the term ‘genius’, meaning ‘begetter’, comes from the ea rly R o m a n c u l t o f a d i v i n i t y a s t h e h e a d o f t h e f a m i l y . I n i t s e a r l i e s t f o r m , g e n i u s w a s c o n c e r n e d w i t h t h e a b i l i t y o f t h e h e a d o f t h e f a m i l y , t h e p a t e r f a m i l i a s , t o p e r p e t u a t e h i m s e l f . G r a d u a l l y , g e n i u s c a m e t o r e p r e s e n t a p e r s o n s c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s a n d t h e n c e a n i n d i v i d u a l s h i g h e s t a t t r i b u t e s d e r i v e d f r o m h i s g e n i u s o r g u i d i n g s p i r i t . T o d a y , p e o p l e s t i l l l o o k t o s t a r s o r g e n e s , a s t r o l o g y o r g e n e t i c s , i n t h e h o p e o f f i n d i n g t h e s o u r c e o f e x c e p t i o n a l a b i l i t i e s o r p e r s o n a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 4 " > 0 0 T h e c o n c e p t o f g e n i u s a n d o f g i f t s h a s b e c o m e p a r to f o u r f o l k c u l t u r e , a n d a t t i t u d e s a r e a m b i v a l e n t t o w a r d s t h e m . W e e n v y t h e g i f t e d a n d m i s t r u s t t h e m . I n t h e m y t h o l o g y o f g i f t e d n e s s , i t i s p o p u l a r l y b e l i e v e d t h a t i f p e o p l e a r e t a l e n t e d i n o n e a r e a , t h e y m u s t b e d e f e c t i v e i n a n o t h e r , t h a t i n t e l l e c t u a l s a r e i m p r a c t i c a l , t h a t p r o d i g i e s b u r n t o o b r i g h t l y t o o s o o n a n d b u r n o u t , t h a t g i f t e d p e o p l e a r e e c c e n t r i c , t h a t t h e ya r e p h y s i c a l w e a k l i n g s , t h a t t h e r e s a t h i n l i n eb e t w e e n g e n i u s a n d m a d n e s s , t h a t g e n i u s r u n s i n f a m i l i e s , t h a t t h e g i f t e d a r e s oc l e v e r t h e yd o n t ne e d s p e c i a l h e l p , t h a t g if t e d n e s s i s t h e s a m e a s h a v i ng ahi g h I Q , t h a t s o m e r a c e s a r e m o r e i n t e l l i g e n t o r m u s i c a l o r m a t h e m a t i c a l t h a n o t h e r s , t h a t g e n i u s g o e s u n r e c o g n i s e d a n d u n r e w a r d e d , t h a t a d v e r s i t y m a k e s m e n w i s e o r t h a t p e o p l e w i t h g i f t s h a v e a r e s p o n s i b i l i t y t o u s e t h e m . L a n g u a g e h a s b e e n e n r i c h e d w i t h s u c h t e r m s a s h i g h b r o w , e g g h e a d , b l u e - s t o c k i n g , w i s e a c r e , k n o w - a l l , b o f f i n a n d , f o r m a n y , i n t e l l e c t u a l i s a t e r m o f d e n i g r a t i o n . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 5 " > 0 0 T h e n i n e t e e n t h c e n t u r y s a w c o n s i d e r a b l e i n t e r e s t i n t h e n a t u r e o f g e n i u s , a n d p r o d u c e d n o t a f e w s t u d i e s o f f a m o u s p r o d i g i e s . P e r h a p s f o r u s t o d a y , t w o o f t h e m o s t s i g n i f i c a n t a s p e c t s o f m o s t o f t h e s e s t u d i e s o f g e n i u s a r e t h e f r e q u e n c y w i t h w h i c h e a r l y e n c o u r a g e m e n t a n d t e a c h i n g b y p a r e n t s a n d t u t o r s h a d b e n e f i c i a l e f f e c t s o n t h e i n t e l l e c t u a l , a r t i s t i c o r m u s i c a l d e v e l o p m e n t o f t h e c h i l d re n b u t c a u s e d g r e a t d if f i c u l t i e s o f a d j u s t m e n t l a t e r i n t h e i r l i v e s , a n d t h e f r e q u e n c y w i t h w h i c h a b i l i t i e s w e n t u n r e c og n i s e d b y t e a ch e r s a n d s c h o o l s . H o w e v e r , t h e di f f i c u l t y w i t h t h e e v i d e n c e p r o d u c e d b y t h e s e s t u d i e s , f a s c i n a t i n g a s t h e y a r e i n c o l l e c t i n g t o g e t h e r a n e c d o t e s a n d a p p a r e n t s i m i l a r i t i e s a n d e x c e p t i o n s , i s t h a t t h e y a r e n o t w h a t w e w o u l d t o d a y c a l l n o r m - r e f e r e n c e d . I n o t h e r w o r d s , w h e n , f o r i n s t a n c e , i n f o r m a t i o n i s c o l l a t e d a b o u t e a r l y i l l n e s s e s , m e t h o d s o f u p b r i n g i n g , s c h o o l i n g , e t c . , w e m u s t a l s o t a k e i n t o a c c o u n t i n f o r m a t i o n f r o m o t h e r h i s t o r i c a l s o u r c e s a b o u t h o w c o m m o n o r e x c e p t i o n a l t h e s e w e r e a t t h e t i m e . F o r i n s t a n c e , i n f a n t m o r t a l i t y w a s h i g h a n d l i f e e x p e c t a n c y m u c h s h o r t e r t h a n t o d a y , h o m e t u t o r i n g w a s c o m m o n i n t h e f a m i l i e s o f t h e n o b i l i t y a n d w e a l t h y , b u l l y i n g a n d c o r p o r a l p u n i s h m e n t w e r e c o m m o n a t t h e b e s t i n d e p e n d e n t s c h o o l s a n d , f o r t h e m o s t p a r t , t h e c a s e s s t u d i e d w e r e m e m b e r s o f t h e p r i v i l e g e d c l a s s e s . I t w a s o n l y w i t h t h e g r o w t h o f p a e d i a t r i c s a n d p s y c h o l o g y i n t h e t w e n t i e t h c e n t u r y t h a t s t u d i e s c o u l d b e c a r r i e d o u t o n a m o r e o bj e c t i v e , i f s t i l l n o t a l w a y s v e r y s c i e n t i f i c , b a s i s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 6 " > 0 0 G e n i u s e s , h o w e v e r t h e y a r e d e f i n e d , a r e b u t t h e p e ak s w h i c h s t a n d o u t t h r o u gh t h e m i s t o f h i s t o r y a n d a r e v i s i b l e t o t h e p a r ti c u l a r o b s e r v e r f r o m h i s o r h e r p a r t i c u l a r v a n t a g e p o i n t . C h a n g e t h e o b s e r v e r s a n d t h e v a nt a g e p o i n t s , c l e a r a w a y s o m e o f t h e m i s t , a n d a d i f f e r e n t l o t o f p e a k s a p p e a r . G e n i u s i s a t e r m w e a p p l y t o t h o s e w h o m w e r e c o g n i s e f o r t h e i r o u t s t a n d i n g a c h i e v e m e n t s a n d w h o s t a n d n e a r t h e e n d o f t h e c o n t i n u u m o f h u m a n a b i l i t i e s w h i c h r e a c h e s b a c k t h r o u g h t h e m u n d a n e a n d m e d i o c r e t o t h e i n c a p a b l e . T h e r e i s s t i l l m u c h t r u t h i n D r S a m u e l J o h n s o n s o b s e r v a t i o n , T h e t r u e g e n i u s i s a m i n d o f l a r g e g e n e r a l p o w e r s , a c c i d e n t a l l y d e t e r m i n e d t o s o m e p a r t i c u l a r d i r e c t i o n . W e m a y d i s a g r e e w i t h t h e g e n e r a l , f o r w e d o u b t i f a l l m u s i c i a n s o f g e n i u s c o u l d ha v eb ec o m e s c i e n t i s t s o f g e n i u s o r v i c e v e r s a ,b u t t h e r e i s n o d o u b t i n g t h e ac c ide n t a l d e t e r m i n a t i o n w h i c h n u r t u r e d o r t r i g g e r e d t h e i r g if t s i n t o t h o s e c h a n n e l s i n t o w h i c h t h e y h a v e p o u r e d t h e i r p o w e r s s o s u c c e s s f u l l y . A l o ng th e c o n ti n u u m o f a b i l i t i e s a r e h u n d r e d s o f t h o u s a n d s o f g i f t e d m e n a n d w o m e n , b o y s a n d g i r l s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 7 " > 0 0 W h a t w e a p p r e c i a t e , e nj o y o r m a r v e l a t i n t h e w o rk s o f g e n i u s o r t h e a c h i e v e m e n t s o f p r o d i g i e s a r e t h e m a n i f e s t a t i o n s o f s k il l s o r a b i l i t i e s w h i c h a r e s im i l a r t o , b u t s o m u c h s u p e r i o r t o , o u r o wn . B u t t h a t t h e i r m i n d s a r e no t d i f f e r e n t f r o m o u r o w n i s d e m o n s t r a t e d b y t h e f a c t t h a t t h e h a r d - w o n d i s c o v e r i e s o f s c i e n t i s t s l i k e K ep l e r o r E i n s t e i n b e c o m e t h e c o m m o n p l a c e k n o w l e d g e o f s c h o o l c h i l d r e n a n d t h e o n c e o u t r a g e o u s s h a p e s a n d c o l o u r s o f a n a r t i s t l i k e P a u l K l e e s o s o o n a p pe a r o n t h ef a b r i c s w e w e a r . T h i s d o e s n o t m i n i m i s e t h e s u p r e m a c y o f t h e i r a c h i e v e m e n t s , w h i c h o u t s t r i p o u r o w n a s t h e s u b - f o u r - m i n u t e m i l e r s o u t s t r i p o u r j og g i n g . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 8 " > 0 0 T o thi n k o f g e n i u s e s a n d t h e g i f t e d a s h a v i n g u n i q u e l y d i f f e r e n t b r a i n s i s o n l y r e a s o n a b l e i f w e a c c e p t t h a t e a c h h u m a n b r a i n i s u n i q u e l y d i f f e r e n t . T h e p u r p o s e o f i n s t r u c t i o n i s t o m a k e u s e v e n m o r e d i f f e r e n t f r o m o n e a n o t h e r , a n d i n t h e p r o c e s s o f b e i n g e d u c a t e d w e c a n l e a r n f r o m t h e a c h i e v e m e n t s o f t h o s e m o r e g i f t e d t h a n o u r s e l v e s . B u t b e f o r e w e t r y t o e m u l a t e g e n i u s e s o r e n c o u r a g e o u r c h i l d r e n t o d o s o w e s h o u l d n o t e t h a t s o m e o f t h e t h i n g s w e l e a r n f r o m t h e m m a y p r o v e u n p a l a t a b l e . W e m a y e n v y t h e i r a c h i e v e m e n t s a n d f a m e , b u t w e s h o u l d a l s o r e c o g n i s e t h e p r i c e t h e y m a y h a v e p a i d i n t e r m s o f p e r s e v e r a n c e , s i n g l e - m i n d e d n e s s , d e d i c a t i o n , r e s t r i c t i o n s o n t h e i r p e r s o n a l l i v e s , t h e d e m a n d s u p o n t h e i r e n e r g i e s a n d t i m e , a n d h o w o f t e n t h e y h a d t o d i s p l a y g r e a t c o u r a g e t o p r e s e r v e t h e i r i n t e g r i t y o r t o m a k e t h e i r w a y t o t h e t o p . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 9 " > 0 0 G e n i u s a n d g i f t e d n e s s a r e r e l a t i v e d e s c r i p t i v e t e r m s o f n o r e a l s u b s t a n c e . W e m a y , a t b e s t , g i v e t h e m s o m e p r e c i s i o n b y d e f i n i n g t h e m a n d p l a c i n g t h e m i n a c o n t e x t b u t , w h a t e v e r w e d o , w e s h o u l d n e v e r d e l u d e o u r s e l v e s i n t o b e l i e v i n g t h a t g i f t e d c h i l d r e n o r g e n i u s e s a r e d i f f e r e n t f r o m t h e r e s t o f h u m a n i t y , s a v e i n t h e d e g r ee t o w h i c h t h e y h a v e d e v e l o p e d t h e p e rf o r m a n c e o f t h e i r a b i l i t i e s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 0 " > 0 0 Q u e s t i o n s 1 4 - 1 8 / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 1 " > 0 0 C h o o s e F I V E l e t t e r s , A - K . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 2 " > 0 0 W r i t e t h e c o r r e c t l e t t e r s i n b o x e s 1 4 - 1 8 o n y o u r a n s w e r s h e e t . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 3 " > 0 0 N B Y o u r a n s w e r s m a y b eg i v e n i n a n y o r d e r . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 4 " > 0 0 B e l o w a r e l i s t e d s o m e p o p u l a r be l i ef s a b o u tg e n i u s a n d g i f t e d n e s s . / p > p b d sf i d = " 1 4 5 " > 0 0 W h i c h F I V E o f t h e s e b e l i e f s a r e r e p o r t e d b y t h e w r i t e r o f t h e t e x t ? / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 6 " > 0 0 A T r u l yg i f t e d p e o p l e a r e t a l e n t ed i n a l l a re a s . / p > p b d sf i d = " 1 4 7 " > 0 0 B T h e t a le n t s ofg e n i u s e s a r e s o o n e xh a u s t e d . / p > p b d s fi d = " 1 4 8 " > 0 0 C G i f t e d p e o p l e s h o u l d u s e t h e i r g i f t s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 9 " > 0 0 D A g e n i u s a p p e a r s o n c e i n e v e r y g e n e r a t i o n . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 0 " > 0 0 E G e n i u s c a n b e e a s i l y d e s t r o y e d b yd i s c o u r a ge m e n t . / p > p b d sf i d = " 1 5 1 " > 0 0 F Ge n i u s i s i n h e r i t e d . / p > p b d sf i d = " 1 5 2 " > 0 0 G G i f t e d p e o p l e a r e v e r y h a r d t o l i v e w i t h . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 3 " > 0 0 H P e o p l e n e v e r a p p r e c i a t e t r u eg e n i u s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 4 " > 0 0 I G e n i u s e s a r e n a t u r a l l e a d e r s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 5 " > 0 0 J G i f t e d p e o p l e d e v e l o p th ei r g r e a t n e s s t h r o u g h d i f f i c u l t i e s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 6 " > 0 0 K G e n i u s w i l l a l w a y s r e v e a l i t s e l f . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 7 " > 0 0 Q u e s t i o n s 1 9 - 2 6 / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 8 " >0 0 D o t h e f o l l o w i n g s t a t e m e n t s a g r e e w i t h t he i nf o r m a t i o ng i v e n i n R e a d i n g P a s s a g e 2 ? / p >p b d s f i d = " 1 5 9 " > 0 0 I n b o x e s 1 9 - 2 6 o n y o u r a n s w e r s h e e t , w r i t e / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 0 " > 0 0 T R U E i f t h e s t a t e m e n t a g r e e s w i t h t h e i n f o r m a t i o n / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 1 " > 0 0 F A L S E i f t h e s t a t e m e n t c o n t r a d i c t s t h e i n f o r m a t i o n / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 2 " > 0 0 N O T G I V E N i f t h e r e i s n o i n f o r m a t i o n o n t h i s / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 3 " > 0 0 1 9 N i n e t e e n t h - c e n t u r y s t u d i e s o f t h e n a t u r e o f g e n i u s f a i l e d t o t a k e i n t o a c c o u n t t h e u n i q u e n e s s o f t h e pe r s o n s u p b r i n g i n g . / p > p b d sf i d = " 1 6 4 " > 0 0 20 N i n e t e e n t h - c e n t u r y s t u d i e s o f g e n i u s l a c ke d b o t h o b j e c t i v i t y a n d a p r o p e r s c i e n t if i c a p p r o a c h . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 5 " > 0 0 2 1 A t r u eg e n i u sh a s g e n e r a l p o w e r s c a p a b l e o f e x c e l l e n c ei n a n y a r e a . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 6 " > 0 0 2 2 T h e s k i l l s o f o r d i n a r y i n d i v i d u a l s a r e i n e s s e n c e t h e sa m e a s t h e s k i l l s o f p r o d i g i e s . / p > pb d s f i d = "1 6 7 " > 0 023 T h e e a s e w i t h w h i c h t r u l y g r e a t i de a s a r e a c c e p t e d a n d t a k e nf o rg r a n t e d f a i l s t o l e s s e n th ei r s i g n i f i c a n c e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 68 " > 0 0 2 4 G i f t e d n e s s a n d g e n i u s d e s e r v e p r o pe r s c i e n t if i c r e s e a r c h i n t o t h e i r t r u e n a t u r e s o t h a t a l l t a l e n t m a y b e r e t a i n e d f o r t h e h u m a n r a c e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 9 " > 0 0 2 5 G e n i u s e s o f t e n p a y a h igh p ri c e t o a c h i e v e g r e a t n e s s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 0 " > 0 0 2 6 T o b e a g e n i u s i s w o r t h t h e h i g h p e r s o n a l c o s t . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 1 " > 0 0 R E A D I N G P A S S A G E 3 / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 2 " > 0 0 Y o u s h o u l d s p e n d a b o u t 2 0 m i n u t e s o n Q u e s t i o n s 2 7 - 4 0 , w h i c h a r e b a s e d o n R e a d i n g P a s s a g e3 o n t h e f o l l o w i n g p a g e s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 3 " >0 0 Q u e s t i o n s 2 7 - 3 2 / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 4 " > 0 0 Re a d i n g P a s s a g e 3 h a s s e v e n p a r a g r a p h s , A - G . / p > p b d sf i d = " 1 7 5 " > 0 0 C h o o s e t h e c o r r e c t h e a d i ng f o r p a r a g r a ph s B - G f r o m t h e li s t o f h e a d i n g s b e l o w . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 6 " > 0 0 W r i t e t h e c o r r e c t n u m b e r , i - x , i n b o x e s 2 7 - 3 2 o n y o u r a n s w e r s h e e t . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 7 " > 0 0 L i s t o f H e a d i n g s / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 8 " > 0 0 i T h e b i o l o g i c a l c l o c k / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 9 " > 0 0 i i W h y d y i n g i s b e n e f i c i a l / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 0 " > 0 0 i i i T h e a g e i n g p r o c e s s o f m e n a n d w o m e n / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 1 " > 0 0 i v P r o l o n g i n g y o u r l i f e / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 2 " > 0 0 v L i m i t a t i o n s o f l i f e s p a n / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 3 " > 0 0 v i M o d e s o f d e v e l o p m e n t o f d i f f e r e n t s p e c i e s / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 4 " > 0 0 v i i A s t a b l e l i f e s p a n d e s p i t e i m p r o v e m e n t s / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 5 " > 0 0 v i i i E n e r g y c o n s u m p t i o n / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 6 " > 0 0 i x F u n d a m e n t a l d i f f e r e nc e s i n a g e i n g o f o b j e c t s a nd o r g a n i s m s / p > p bd s f i d = " 1 8 7 " > 0 0 x Re p a i r ofg e n e t i c m a t e r i a l / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 8 " > 0 0 E x a m p l e A n s w e r / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 9 " > 0 0 P a r a g r a ph A v / p > p b d s fi d = " 1 9 0 " > 0 0 2 7 P a r a g r a p h B / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 1 " > 0 0 2 8 P a r a g r a p h C / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 2 " > 0 0 29 P a r a g r a p h D / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 3 " > 0 0 3 0 P a r ag r a p h E / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 4 " > 0 0 3 1 P a r a g r a p h F / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 5 " > 0 0 3 2 P a r a g r a p h G / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 6 " > 0 0 H O W D O E S T H E B I O L O G I C A L C L O C K T I C K ? / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 7 " > 0 0 A O u r l if e s p a n i s r e s t r i c t e d . E v e r y o n e a c c e p t s t h i s a s b i o l og i c a l l y o b v i o u s . N o thi n g l i v e s f o r e v e r !H o w e v e r , i n t h i s s t a t e m e n t w e t h i n k o f a r t i f i c i a l l y p r o d u c e d , t e c h n i c a l o b j e c t s , p r o d u c t s w h i c h a r e s u b j e c t e d t o n a t u r a l w e a r a n d t e a r d u r i n g u s e . T h i s l e a d s t o t h e r e s u l t t h a t a t s o m e t i m e o r o t h e r t h e o b j e c t s t o p s w o r k i n g a n d i s u n u s a b l e ( d e a t h i n t h e b i o l o g i c a l s e n s e ) . B u t a r e t h e w e a r a n d t e a r a n d l o s s o f f u n c t i o n o f t e c h n i c a l o b j e c t s a n d t h e d e a t h o f l i v i n g o r g a n i s m s r e a l l y s i m i l a r o r c o m p a r a b l e ? / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 8 " > 0 0 B O u r d e a d p r o d u c t s a r e s t a t i c , c l o s e d s y s t e m s . I t i s a l w a y s t h e b a s i c m a t e r i a l w h i c h c o n s t i t u t e s t h e o b j e c t a n d w h i c h , i n t h e n a t u r a l c o u r s e o f t h i n g s , i s w o r n d o w n a n d b e c o m e s o l d e r . A g e i n g i n t h i s c a s e m u s t o c c u r a c c o r d i n g t o t h e l a w s o f p h y s i c a l c h e m i s t r y a n d o f t h e r m o d y n a m i c s . A l t h o u g h t h e s a m e l a w h o l d s f o r a l i v i n g o r g a n i s m , t h e r e s u l t o f t h i s l a w i s n o t i n e x o r a b l e i n t h e s a m e w a y . A t l e a s t a s l o n g a s a b i o l o g i c a l s y s t e m h a s t h e a b i l i t y t o r e n e w i t s e l f i t c o u l d a c t u a l l y b e c o m e o l d e r w i t h o u t a g e i n g ; a n o r g a n i s m i s a n o p e n , d y n a m i c s y s t e m t h r o u g h w h i c h n e w m a t e r i a l c o n t i n u o u s l y f l o w s . D e s t r u c t i o n o f o l d m a t e r i a l a n d f o r m a t i o n o f n e w m a t e r i a l a r e t h u s i n p e r m a n e n t d y n a m i c e q u i l i b r i u m . T h e m a t e r i a l o f w h i c h t h e o r g a n i s m i s f o r m e d c h a n g e s c o n t i n u o u s l y . T h u s o u r b o d i e s c o n t i n u o u s l y e x c h a n g e o l d s u b s t a n c e f o r n e w , j u s t l i k e a s p r i n g w h i c h m o r。

(完整word版)雅思小作文三大句型翻译练习

(完整word版)雅思小作文三大句型翻译练习

小作文三大句型翻译练习1. 主(The number of... )+ 谓(increased/decreased)+ from...to...男性吸烟者的数量在1960 年到 2000 年之间从 21%下降到 17%。

The number of male smokers decreased from 21% in 1960 to 17% in 2000.数据增添激烈,并且在1990 年的时候达到峰值400。

The number increased dramatically and then peaked at 400 in 1990.数据激烈下降,在1998 年达到谷值 100。

The number plummeted, reaching the bottom at 100 in 1998.员工的平均收入与昨年对照增添了50%。

The average income of the staff increased by 50 percent compared with last year.婚姻的数量在接下来10 年内牢固在这个水平。

The number of marriages remained stable at this level over the next decade.在这 25 年期间,牛羊肉的耗资下降明显,分别到了100 克和 50 克。

During this 25- year period the consumption of beef and lamb fell dramatically to approximately 100 grams and 55 grams respectively.同样地,保险开销有一个上涨的趋势,从只有2%上涨到 8%在 2001 年的时候。

Similarily, the cost of insurance saw a rising trend, growing from only 2% to 8% by 2001.对照之下,家具的开销表现了一个相反的趋势。

雅思小作文句型翻译练习

雅思小作文句型翻译练习

在过去的10年间,电视的销售量从5千万台增加到3亿5千万台,增加了7倍。
In the past 10 years, the sales of televisions increased seven times from 50 million to 350 million. 在5年里,数字增加了2倍多。
There is a sharp growth in the car ownership in Japan in 1930s.
01
03
02
A is three times as much as B
A是B的3倍。
The table reveals the proportion of A and B from 2000 to 2010.
该表格描述了2000年到2010年A与B的比例关系。
这是一个曲线图,描述了石油供应跟需求的趋势。
This is a curve graph which describes the trend of oil supply and demand. 从图中可以看出,美国的能源消耗比例发生了巨大的变化。
在1980年肉类的消耗量有明显的增长,达到了2000万吨。
该图表明了电脑的销售量有明显的增长。
The graph shows a significant increase in the sales of computers. A的价格保持不变。
The price of A remains stable.
The number of visitors in China falls to the lowest point in 2000.
01
03
02
A is three times as much as B.

雅思基础5.5分翻译练习及答案 day1

雅思基础5.5分翻译练习及答案 day1

英语基础5.5分翻译1--形容词与副词专项训练11.在场的雇员应该对这个问题进行表决。

(present)2.主管医生在休假。

(concerned)3.不是独自一人时,你也很孤独。

(alone, lonely)4.这个水不够干净,不能在里面游泳。

(enough)5.东方明珠的高度是那幢高楼的三倍。

(as…as)6.他如此粗心以至于没有注意这个错误。

(so…as to)7.只有人类具有语言的天赋。

(alone)8.你说得越清楚,我们就理解得越好。

(the more…the more)9.我们担心的是,人们工作越忙,就越没时间陪老师。

(the more…the more)10. 他将尽可能快地处理这一问题。

(as…as one can)11. 书读得越多,对你越有好处。

(the more…the more)12. 如此好的天气,我想出去散步。

(such)13. 只要你尽力,你就能成功。

(as long as)14. 你的房间是我的两倍。

(twice)15. 与其说他是个作家,不如说他是个诗人。

(not as much…as)16. 发现教室里没人,他意识到来的太早了。

(too)17. 这台进口机器要优于国产机器。

(superior)18. 对于某些人来说,书店不仅仅是一个营业场所。

(more than)19. 这些有效的措施将大大影响交通。

(effective)20. 这里漂亮的美景难以用语言描绘。

(more than)21. 他看着脚印,充满恐惧。

(full of)22. 运动员们都坐在这里,迫切地等着结果。

(anxious)23. 正如我对绘画知之甚少,他对音乐知道得也不多。

(as…as)24. 不是每个人都乐意看着孩子变成消费者。

(happy)25. 当春天来的时候,蜘蛛出现健康问题。

(healthy)26. 由于维修,这个景点现在不开放。

(accessible)27. 我们没有买到票子。

(available)28. 在炎热的夏天喝冷饮真惬意啊。

剑桥雅思阅读5翻译及精讲(test4)

剑桥雅思阅读5翻译及精讲(test4)

剑桥雅思阅读5翻译及精讲(test4)雅思阅读是块难啃的硬骨头,需要我们做更多的题目才能得心应手。

下面小编给大家分享一下剑桥雅思阅读5test4原文翻译及答案解析,希望可以帮助到大家。

剑桥雅思阅读5原文(test4)READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 on the following pages.Questions 1-3Reading Passage 1 has three sections, A-C.Choose the correct heading for each section from the list of headings below.Write the correct number i-vi in boxes 1-3 on your answer sheet.List of HeadingsI The expansion of international tourism in recent yearsIi How local communities can balance their own needs with the demands of wilderness tourismIii Fragile regions and the reasons for the expansion of tourism thereIv Traditional methods of food-supply in fragile regionsV Some of the disruptive effects of wilderness tourismVi The economic benefits of mass tourism1 Section A2 Section B3 Section CThe Impact of Wilderness TourismAThe market for tourism in remote areas is booming as neverbefore. Countries all across the world are actively promoting their ‘wilderness’ regions —such as mountains, Arctic lands, deserts, small islands and wetland — to high-spending tourists. The attraction of these areas is obvious: by definition, wilderness tourism requires little or no initial investment. But that does not mean that there is no cost. As the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development recognized, these regions are fragile (i.e. highly vulnerable to abnormal pressures) not just in terms of their ecology, but also in terms of the culture of their inhabitants. The three most significant types of fragile environment in these respects, and also in terms of the proportion o f the Earth’s surface they cover, are deserts, mountains and Arctic areas. An important characteristic is their marked seasonality, with harsh conditions prevailing for many months each year. Consequently, most human activities, including tourism, are limited to quite clearly defined parts of the year.Tourists are drawn to these regions by their natural landscape beauty and the unique cultures of their indigenous people. And poor governments in these isolated areas have welcomed the new breed of ‘adventure tourist’, grateful for the hard currency they bring. For several years now, tourism has been the prime source of foreign exchange in Nepal and Bhutan. Tourism is also a key element in the economies of Arctic zones such as Lapland and Alaska and in desert areas such as Ayers Rock in Australia and Arizona’s Monument Valley.BOnce a location is established as a main tourist destination, the effects on the local community are profound. When hill-farmers, for example, can make more money in a few weeksworking as porters for foreign trekkers than they can in a year working in their fields, it is not surprising that many of them give up their farm-work, which is thus left to other members of the family. In some hill-regions, this has led to a serious decline in farm output and a change in the local diet, because there is insufficient labour to maintain terraces and irrigation systems and tend to crops. The result has been that many people in these regions have turned to outside supplies of rice and other foods.In Arctic and desert societies, year-round survival has traditionally depended on hunting animals and fish and collecting fruit over a relatively short season. However, as some inhabitants become involved in tourism, they no longer have time to collect wild food; this has led to increasing dependence on bought food and stores. Tourism is not always the culprit behind such changes. All kinds of wage labour, or government handouts, tend to undermine traditional survival systems. Whatever the cause, the dilemma is always the same: what happens if these new, external sources of income dry up?The physical impact of visitors is another serious problem associated with the growth in adventure tourism. Much attention has focused on erosion along major trails, but perhaps more important are the deforestation and impacts on water supplies arising from the need to provide tourists with cooked food and hot showers. In both mountains and deserts, slow-growing trees are often the main sources of fuel and water supplies may be limited or vulnerable to degradation through heavy use.CStories about the problems of tourism have become legion in the last few years. Yet it does not have to be a problem. Although tourism inevitably affects the region in which it takesplace, the costs to these fragile environments and their local cultures can be minimized. Indeed, it can even be a vehicle for reinvigorating local cultures, as has happened with the Sherpas of Nepal’s Khumbu Valley and in some Alpine villages. And a growing number of adventure tourism operators are trying to ensure that their activities benefit the local population and environment over the long term.In the Swiss Alps, communities have decided that their future depends on integrating tourism more effectively with the local economy. Local concern about the rising number of second home developments in the Swiss Pays d’Enhaut resulted in limits being imposed on their growth. There has also been a renaissance in communal cheese production in the area, providing the locals with a reliable source of income that does not depend on outside visitors.Many of the Arctic tourist destinations have been exploited by outside companies, who employ transient workers and repatriate most of the profits to their home base. But some Arctic communities are now operating tour businesses themselves, thereby ensuring that the benefits accrue locally. For instance, a native corporation in Alaska, employing local people, is running an air tour from Anchorage to Kotzebue, where tourists eat Arctic food, walk on the tundra and watch local musicians and dancers.Native people in the desert regions of the American Southwest have followed similar strategies, encouraging tourists to visit their pueblos and reservations to purchase high-quality handicrafts and artwork. The Acoma and San lldefonso pueblos have established highly profitable pottery businesses, while the Navajo and Hopi groups have been similarly successful with jewellery.Too many people living in fragile environments have lost control over their economies, their culture and their environment when tourism has penetrated their homelands. Merely restricting tourism cannot be the solution to the imbalance, because people’s desire to see new places will not just disappear. Instead, communities in fragile environments must achieve greater control over tourism ventures in their regions, in order to balance their needs and aspirations with the demands of tourism. A growing number of communities are demonstrating that, with firm communal decision-making, this is possible. The critical question now is whether this can become the norm, rather than the exception.Questions 4-9Do the following statements reflect the opinion of the writer of Reading Passage 1?In boxes 4-9 on your answer sheet, writeYES if the statement reflects the opinion of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the opinion of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this4 The low financial cost of setting up wilderness tourism makes it attractive to many countries.5 Deserts, mountains and Arctic regions are examples of environments that are both ecologically and culturally fragile.6 Wilderness tourism operates throughout the year in fragile areas.7 The spread of tourism in certain hill-regions has resulted ina fall in the amount of food produced locally.8 Traditional food-gathering in desert societies was distributed evenly over the year.9 Government handouts do more damage than tourism does to traditional patterns of food-gathering.Questions 10-13Complete the table below.Choose ONE WORD from Reading Passage 1 for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 10-13 on your answer sheet.The positive ways in which some local communities haveresponded to tourismPeople/Location ActivityS wiss Pays d’EnhautArctic communitiesAcoma and San lldefonsoNavajo and Hopi Revived production of 10……………Operate 11……………businessesProduce and sell 12……………Produce and sell 13……………READING PASSAGE 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.Flawed Beauty: the problem with toughened glassOn 2nd August 1999, a particularly hot day in the town of Cirencester in the UK, a large pane of toughened glass in the roof of a shopping centre at Bishops Walk shattered without warning and fell from its frame. When fragments were analysed by experts at the giant glass manufacturer Pilkington, which had made the pane, they found that minute crystals of nickel sulphide trapped inside the glass had almost certainly caused the failure.‘The glass industry is aware of the issue,’ says Brian Waldron, chairman of the standards committee at the Glass and Glazing Federation, a British trade association, and standardsdevelopment officer at Pilkington. But he insists that cases are few and far between. ‘It’s a very rare phenomenon,’ he says.Others disagree. ‘On average I see about one or two buildings a month suffering from nickel sulphide related failures,’ says Barrie Josie, a consultant engineer involved in the Bishops Walk investigation. Other experts tell of similar experiences. Tony Wilmott of London-based consulting engineers Sandberg, and Simon Armstrong at CladTech Associates in Hampshire both say they know of hundreds of cases. ‘What you hear is only the tip of the iceberg,’ says Trevor Ford, a glass expert at Resolve Engineering in Brisbane, Queensland. He believes the reason is simple: ‘No-one wants bad press.’Toughened glass is found everywhere, from cars and bus shelters to the windows, walls and roofs of thousands of buildings around the world. It’s easy to see why. This glass has five times the strength of standard glass, and when it does break it shatters into tiny cubes rather than large, razor-sharp shards. Architects love it because large panels can be bolted together to make transparent walls, and turning it into ceilings and floors is almost as easy.It is made by heating a sheet of ordinary glass to about 620°C to soften it slightly, allowing its structure to expand, and then cooling it rapidly with jets of cold air. This causes the outer layer of the pane to contract and solidify before the interior. When the interior finally solidifies and shrinks, it exerts a pull on the outer layer that leaves it in permanent compression and produces a tensile force inside the glass. As cracks propagate best in materials under tension, the compressive force on the surface must be overcome before the pane will break, making it more resistant to cracking.The problem starts when glass contains nickel sulphide impurities. Trace amounts of nickel and sulphur are usually present in the raw materials used to make glass, and nickel can also be introduced by fragments of nickel alloys falling into the molten glass. As the glass is heated, these atoms react to form tiny crystals of nickel sulphide. Just a tenth of a gram of nickel in the furnace can create up to 50,000 crystals.These crystals can exist in two forms: a dense form called the alpha phase, which is stable at high temperatures, and a less dense form called the beta phase, which is stable at room temperatures. The high temperatures used in the toughening process convert all the crystals to the dense, compact alpha form. But the subsequent cooling is so rapid that the crystals don’t have time to change back to the beta phase. This leaves unstable alpha crystals in the glass, primed like a coiled spring, ready to revert to the beta phase without warning.When this happens, the crystals expand by up to 4%. And if they are within the central, tensile region of the pane, the stresses this unleashes can shatter the whole sheet. The time that elapses before failure occurs is unpredictable. It could happen just months after manufacture, or decades later, although if the glass is heated — by sunlight, for example — the process is speeded up. Ironically, says Graham Dodd, of consulting engineers Arup in London, the oldest pane of toughened glass known to have failed due to nickel sulphide inclusions was in Pilkington’s glass research building in Lathom, Lancashire. The pane was 27 years old.Data showing the scale of the nickel sulphide problem is almost impossible to find. The picture is made more complicated by the fact that these crystals occur in batches. So even if, onaverage, there is only one inclusion in 7 tonnes of glass, if you experience one nickel sulphide failure in your building, that probably means you’ve got a problem in more than one pane. Josie says that in the last decade he has worked on over 15 buildings with the number of failures into double figures.One of the worst examples of this is Waterfront Place, which was completed in 1990. Over the following decade the 40-storey Brisbane block suffered a rash of failures. Eighty panes of its toughened glass shattered due to inclusions before experts were finally called in. John Barry, an expert in nickel sulphide contamination at the University of Queensland, analysed every glass pane in the building. Using a studio camera, a photographer went up in a cradle to take photos of every pane. These were scanned under a modified microfiche reader for signs of nickel sulphide crystals. ‘We discovered at least another 120 panes with potentially dangerous inclusions which were then replaced,’ says Barry. ‘It was a very expensive and time-consuming process that took arou nd six months to complete.’ Though the project cost A$1.6 million (nearly £700,000), the alternative — re-cladding the entire building — would have cost ten times as much.Questions 14-17Look at the following people and the list of statements below.Match each person with the correct statement.Write the correct letter A-H in boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet.14 Brain Waldron15 Trevor Ford16 Graham Dodd17 John BarryList of StatementsA suggests that publicity about nickel sulphide failure has been suppressedB regularly sees cases of nickel sulphide failureC closely examined all the glass in one buildingD was involved with the construction of Bishops WalkE recommended the rebuilding of Waterfront PlaceF thinks the benefits of toughened glass are exaggeratedG claims that nickel sulphide failure is very unusualH refers to the most extreme case of delayed failureQuestions 18-23Complete the summary with the list of words A-P below.Write your answers in boxes 18-23 on your answer sheet.Toughened GlassToughened glass in favoured by architects because it is much stronger than ordinary glass, and the fragments are not as 18…………… when it breaks. However, it has one disadvantage: it can shatter 19…………… . This fault is a result of the manufacturing process. Ordinary glass is first heated, then cooled very 20…………… . The outer layer 21…………… before the inner layer, and the tension between the two layers which is created because of this makes the glass stronger However, if the glass contains nickel sulphide impurities, crystals of nickel sulphide are formed. These are unstable, and can expand suddenly, particularly if the weather is 22…………… . If this happens, the pane of glass may break. The frequency with which such problems occur is 23…………… by glass experts. Furthermore, the crystals cannot be detected without sophisticated equipment.A numerousB detectedC quicklyD agreedE warmF sharpG expands H slowly I unexpectedlyJ removed K contracts L disputedM cold N moved O smallP calculatedQuestions 24-26Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2?In boxes 24-26 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this24 Little doubt was expressed about the reason for the Bishops Walk accident.25 Toughened glass has the same appearance as ordinary glass.26 There is plenty of documented evidence available about the incidence of nickel sulphide failure.READING PASSAGE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.The effects of light on plant and animal speciesLight is important to organisms for two different reasons. Firstly it is used as a cue for the timing, of daily and seasonal rhythms in both plants and animals, and secondly it is used to assist growth in plants.Breeding in most organisms occurs during a part of the year only, and so a reliable cue is needed to trigger breeding behaviour. Day length is an excellent cue, because it provides a perfectly predictable pattern of change within the year. In the temperate zone in spring, temperatures fluctuate greatly fromday to day, but day length increases steadily by a predictable amount. The seasonal impact of day length on physiological responses is called photoperiodism, and the amount of experimental evidence for this phenomenon is considerable. For example, some species of birds’ breeding can be induced even in midwinter simply by increasing day length artificially (Wolfson 1964). Other examples of photoperiodism occur in plants. A short-day plant flowers when the day is less than a certain critical length. A long-day plant flowers after a certain critical day length is exceeded. In both cases the critical day length differs from species to species. Plants which flower after a period of vegetative growth, regardless of photoperiod, are known as day-neutral plants.Breeding seasons in animals such as birds have evolved to occupy the part of the year in which offspring have the greatest chances of survival. Before the breeding season begins, food reserves must be built up to support the energy cost of reproduction, and to provide for young birds both when they are in the nest and after fledging. Thus many temperate-zone birds use the increasing day lengths in spring as a cue to begin the nesting cycle, because this is a point when adequate food resources will be assured.The adaptive significance at photoperiodism in plants is also clear. Short-day plants that flower in spring in the temperate zone are adapted to maximizing seedling growth during the growing season. Long-day plants are adapted for situations that require fertilization by insects, or a long period of seed ripening. Short-day plants that flower in the autumn in the temperate zone are able to build up food reserves over the growing season and over winter as seeds. Day-neutral plants have an evolutionaryadvantage when the connection between the favourable period for reproduction and day length is much less certain. For example, desert annuals germinate, flower and seed whenever suitable rainfall occurs, regardless of the day length.The breeding season of some plants can be delayed to extraordinary lengths. Bamboos are perennial grasses that remain in a vegetative state for many years and then suddenly flower, fruit and die (Evans 1976). Every bamboo of the species Chusquea abietifolio on the island of Jamaica flowered, set seed and died during 1884. The next generation of bamboo flowered and died between 1916 and 1918, which suggests a vegetative cycle of about 31 years. The climatic trigger for this flowering cycle is not yet known, but the adaptive significance is clear. The simultaneous production of masses of bamboo seeds (in some cases lying 12 to 15 centimetres deep on the ground) is more than all the seed-eating animals can cope with at the time, so that some seeds escape being eaten and grow up to form the next generation (Evans 1976).The second reason light is important to organisms is that it is essential for photosynthesis. This is the process by which plants use energy from the sun to convert carbon from soil or water into organic material for growth. The rate of photosynthesis in a plant can be measured by calculating the rate of its uptake of carbon. There is a wide range of photosynthetic responses of plants to variations in light intensity. Some plants reach maximal photosynthesis at one-quarter full sunlight, and others, like sugarcane, never reach a maximum, but continue to increase photosynthesis rate as light intensity rises.Plants in general can be divided into two groups: shade-tolerant species and shade-intolerant species. This classificationis commonly used in forestry and horticulture. Shade-tolerant plants have lower photosynthetic rates and hence have lower growth rates than those of shade-intolerant species. Plant species become adapted to living in a certain kind of habitat, and in the process evolve a series of characteristics that prevent them from occupying other habitats. Grime (1966) suggests that light may be one of the major components directing these adaptations. For example, eastern hemlock seedlings are shade-tolerant. They can survive in the forest understory under very low light levels because they have a low photosynthetic rate.Questions 27-33Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 3?In boxes 27-33 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this27 There is plenty of scientific evidence to support photoperiodism.28 Some types of bird can be encouraged to breed out of season.29 Photoperiodism is restricted to certain geographic areas.30 Desert annuals are examples of long-day plants.31 Bamboos flower several times during their life cycle.32 Scientists have yet to determine the cue for Chusquea abitifolia’s seasonal rhythm.33 Eastern hemlock is a fast-growing plant.Questions 34-40Complete the sentences.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passagefor each answer.Write your answers in boxes 34-40 on your answer sheet.34 Day length is a useful cue for breeding in areas where …………… are unpredictable.35 Plants which do not respond to light levels are referred to as…………… .36 Birds in temperate climates associate longer days with nesting and the availability of …………….37 Plants that flower when days are long often depend on …………… to help them reproduce.38 Desert annuals respond to …………… as a signal for reproduction.39 There is no limit to the photosynthetic rate in plants such as …………… .40 Tolerance to shade is one criterion for the …………… of plants in forestry and horticulture.剑桥雅思阅读5原文参考译文(test4)TEST 4 PASSAGE 1 参考译文:The Impact of Wilderness Tourism荒野旅游的影响AThe market for tourism in remote areas is booming as never before. Countries all across the world are actively promoting their ‘wilderness’ regions —such as mountains, Arctic lands, deserts, small islands and wetland — to high-spending tourists. The attraction of these areas is obvious: by definition, wilderness tourism requires little or no initial investment. But that does not mean that there is no cost. As the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development recognized, these regions are fragile (i.e. highly vulnerable to abnormal pressures)not just in terms of their ecology, but also in terms of the culture of their inhabitants. The three most significant types of fragile environment in these respects, and also in terms of the proportion of the Earth’s surface they cover, are deserts, mountains and Arctic areas. An important characteristic is their marked seasonality, with harsh conditions prevailing for many months each year. Consequently, most human activities, including tourism, are limited to quite clearly defined parts of the year.A偏远地区的旅游市场从未曾像现在这么火爆。

英语雅思备考语法翻译练习100句(默写版)

英语雅思备考语法翻译练习100句(默写版)

1、经常参加体育活动能够提高人们的自信心,这不但对年轻人而且对老人很重要。

_____________________________________________________________________________2、教学的质量被认为是决定学生成绩的关键,因此,家长喜欢为孩子选择名校。

_____________________________________________________________________________3、家长和老师应该努力去减少孩子看电视的时间,这样会保护孩子的视力,鼓励他们做户外运动。

_____________________________________________________________________________4、经济下滑已经导致失业率上升,因为人们对开展新失业犹豫不决,而且很多大公司裁员。

_____________________________________________________________________________5、中文翻译:一个国家的经济发展依靠一定量的年轻劳动力,但是问题是老龄化的社会对劳动力有负面影响。

_____________________________________________________________________________6、工作很多的人没有足够的时间去休息和充电,这样对他们的健康有害。

_____________________________________________________________________________7、在中国,许多学生都要在晚上自学,所以课外活动不得不给学习让路。

_____________________________________________________________________________8、城市的发展已经威胁到历史遗迹,但是政府还没有办法是否去保护还是毁坏这些建筑。

雅思写作IELTS常用句型翻译练习3

雅思写作IELTS常用句型翻译练习3

雅思写作 -IELTS- 常用句型翻译练习 -3雅思写作 -IELTS- 常用句型翻译练习 -3[Day11]1.美洲虎(jaguars)拥有多身体特点使得他适丛林的生活,如迅速奔跑的能力和优秀的力 (sight)。

(a variety of⋯; allow; such as)2.代人面多力的根源,比方的力,的力,和快的生活奏。

(source; such as)3.只有在公共交通便利的城市,才能通鼓舞人少使用私人来达到保的目的。

(onlyin ⋯ can)4.考到巨大的文化差别,来自不一样国家的工在同一个企业有效率地工作,是很了不起的。

(considering; truly amazing)5.在代社会当杜任何形式的暴力,包含家庭暴力。

(violence)6.在荒漠中下了暴雨以后,往常气温会著降落。

(rainstorm; significant)7.在吵的境中,我是不自地被旁的人干。

(unconscious; distract)8.个(trend)意味着到2050年,地球上的数目将10 倍于人的数目。

9.同需要关注多事情的需求,使得运的任更为复。

(complicate)10.在表所示的五个行中的四个,女性工数目都少于男性工,可能是因为些工作高度的性。

(nature)[Day12]11.被是史上最古老的活之一。

12. 在古希腊 (Greece) ,奥林匹克运会每四年一次,延了数百年。

(continue to be⋯.)13. 今日的大部分棋游(board games) ,都是古代明的不一样化种。

(variation)14. 日本是采取西式服饰最早的亚洲国家之一,因为他们在19 世纪中期进行了全面的社会改革。

15.这本书在英国流行以后,在美国也开始渐渐被人们熟知,并很快延伸到了全球的其余地方。

(popular; spread)16. 固然看起来人们工作很忙碌,可是研究表示,我们的空暇时间也比过去都长。

雅思Test3Passage1阅读译文

雅思Test3Passage1阅读译文

雅思Test3Passage1阅读译⽂KnighthoodsAn ancient tradition骑⼠⼀种古⽼的传统A Knighthoods are one of the oldest and most prestigious forms of honouring individual citizens in the United Kingdom. Although initially conferred upon members of the armed forces solely on the basis of their performance in combat, the award now recognises all contributions to national life. Some of the most notable knighthoods of recent times have been bestowed on musicians or entertainers such as Sir Elton John and Sir Paul McCartney, and the fields of finance, industry and education are also represented. Citizens of non- Commonwealth1 countries are eligible for an 'honorary' knighthood for which they are not permitted to use the titles 'Sir' or 'Dame.' Perceived to be a British tradition, the legacy of knighthoods actually dates back to ancient Rome, from where it spread throughout a number of European countries in the Middle Ages and acquired certain features. A would-be knight had to undergo strict military instruction from a young age, which included spending time as an assistant (known as an esquire) to an existing knight, and participating in battle. He had to learn how to equip his knight for battle, and to help him with putting on the heavy and cumbersome armour of the time. He was responsible for keeping this armour in good condition, polishing and cleaning it. He also had to demonstrate chivalrous behaviour such as generosity, selflessness, fearlessness and skill in battle. Finally, the potential knight also required the financial means to purchase horses, weapons and armour for himself, and then make himself available to serve the ruling monarch for a minimum period each year.在英国,骑⼠是授予国民荣誉最古⽼、最具声望的形式之⼀。

剑桥雅思阅读6(test3)原文翻译答案

剑桥雅思阅读6(test3)原文翻译答案

剑桥雅思阅读6(test3)原文翻译答案雅思阅读是块难啃的硬骨头,需要我们做更多的题目才能得心应手。

下面小编给大家分享一下剑桥雅思阅读6test6原文翻译及答案解析,希望可以帮助到大家。

剑桥雅思阅读6原文(test3)READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.A The Lumiere Brothers opened their Cinematographe, at 14 Boulevard des Capucines in Paris, to 100 paying customers over 100 years ago, on December 8, 1895. Before the eyes of the stunned, thrilled audience, photographs came to life and moved across a flat screen.B So ordinary and routine has this become to us that it takes a determined leap of the imagination to grasp the impact of those first moving images. But it is worth trying, for to understand the initial shock of those images is to understand the extraordinary power and magic of cinema, the unique, hypnotic quality that has made film the most dynamic, effective art form of the 20th century.C One of the Lumiere Brothers’ earliest films was a 30-second piece which showed a section of a railway platform flooded with sunshine. A train appears and heads straight for the camera. And that is all that happens. Yet the Russian director Andrei Tarkovsky, one of the greatest of all film artists, described the film as a ‘work of genius’. ‘As the train approached,’ wrote Tarkovsky, ‘panic started in the theatre: people jumped and ran away. That was the moment when cinema was born. The frightened audience could not accept that they were watching amere picture. Pictures were still, only reality moved; this must, therefore, be reality. In their confusion, they feared that a real train was about to crush them.’D Early cinema audiences often experienced the same confusion. In time, the idea of film became familiar, the magic was accepted — but it never stopped being magic. Film has never lost its unique power to embrace its audiences and transport them to a different world. For Tarkovsky, the key to that magic was the way in which cinema created a dynamic image of the real flow of events. A still picture could only imply the existence of time, while time in a novel passed at the whim of the reader. But in cinema, the real, objective flow of time was captured.E One effect of this realism was to educate the world about itself. For cinema makes the world smaller. Long before people travelled to America or anywhere else, they knew what other places looked like; they knew how other people worked and lived. Overwhelmingly, the lives recorded — at least in film fiction —have been American. From the earliest days of the industry, Hollywood has dominated the world film market. American imagery —the cars, the cities, the cowboys —became the primary imagery of film. Film carried American life and values around the globe.F And, thanks to film, future generations will know the 20th century more intimately than any other period. We can only imagine what life was like in the 14th century or in classical Greece. But the life of the modern world has been recorded on film in massive, encyclopedic detail. We shall be known better than any preceding generations.G The ‘star’ was another natural consequence of cinema. The cinema star was effectively born in 1910. Film personalitieshave such an immediate presence that, inevitably, they become super-real. Because we watch them so closely and because everybody in the world seems to know who they are, they appear more real to us than we do ourselves. The star as magnified human self is one of cinema’s most strange and enduring legacies.H Cinema has also given a new lease of life to the idea of the story. When the Lumiere Brothers and other pioneers began showing off this new invention, it was by no means obvious how it would be used. All that mattered at first was the wonder of movement. Indeed, some said that, once this novelty had worn off, cinema would fade away. It was no more than a passing gimmick, a fairground attraction.I Cinema might, for example, have become primarily a documentary form. Or it might have developed like television —as a strange, noisy transfer of music, information and narrative. But what happened was that it became, overwhelmingly, a medium for telling stories. Originally these were conceived as short stories — early producers doubted the ability of audiences to concentrate for more than the length of a reel. Then, in 1912, an Italian 2-hour film was hugely successful, and Hollywood settled upon the novel-length narrative that remains the dominant cinematic convention of today.J And it has all happened so quickly. Almost unbelievably, it is a mere 100 years since that train arrived and the audience screamed and fled, convinced by the dangerous reality of what they saw, and, perhaps, suddenly aware that the world could never be the same again —that, maybe, it could be better, brighter, more astonishing, more real than reality.Questions 1-5Reading Passage 1 has ten paragraphs, A-J.Which paragraph contains the following information?Write the correct letter, A-J, in boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet.1 the location of the first cinema2 how cinema came to focus on stories3 the speed with which cinema has changed4 how cinema teaches us about other cultures5 the attraction of actors in filmsQuestions 6-9Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 6-9 on your answer sheet, writeYES if the statement agrees with the views of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the views of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this6 It is important to understand how the first audiences reacted to the cinema.7 The Lumiere Brothers’ film about the train was one of the greatest films ever made.8 Cinema presents a biased view of other countries.9 Storylines were important in very early cinema.Questions 10-13Choose the correct letter, A B, C to D.Write the correct letter in boxes 10-13 on your answer sheet.10 The writer refers to the film of the train in order to demonstrateA the simplicity of early films.B the impact of early films.C how short early films were.D how imaginative early films were.11 In Tarkovsky’s opinion, the attraction of the cinema is that itA aims to impress its audience.B tells stories better than books.C illustrates the passing of time.D describes familiar events.12 When cinema first began, people thought thatA it would always tell stories.B it should be used in fairgrounds.C its audiences were unappreciative.D its future was uncertain.13 What is the best title for this passage?A The rise of the cinema starB Cinema and novels comparedC The domination of HollywoodD The power of the big screenREADING PASSAGE 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-27, which are based on Reading Passage 2 on the following pages.Questions 14-18Reading Passage 2 contains six Key Points.Choose the correct heading for Key Points TWO to SIX from the list of headings below.Write the correct number, i-viii, in boxes 14-18 on your answer sheet.List of Headingsi Ensure the reward system is fairii Match rewards to individualsiii Ensure targets are realisticiv Link rewards to achievementv Encourage managers to take more responsibilityvi Recognise changes in employees’ performance over time vii Establish targets and give feedbackviii Ensure employees are suited to their jobsExample AnswerKey Point One Viii14 Key Point Two15 Key Point Three16 Key Point Four17 Key Point Five18 Key Point SixMotivating Employees underAdverse ConditionsTHE CHALLENGEIt is a great deal easier to motivate employees in a growing organisation than a declining one. When organisations are expanding and adding personnel, promotional opportunities, pay rises, and the excitement of being associated with a dynamic organisation create feelings of optimism. Management is able to use the growth to entice and encourage employees. When an organisation is shrinking, the best and most mobile workers are prone to leave voluntarily. Unfortunately, they are the ones the organisation can least afford to lose — those with the highest skills and experience. The minor employees remain because their job options are limited.Morale also suffers during decline. People fear they may be the next to be made redundant. Productivity often suffers, as employees spend their time sharing rumours and providing oneanother with moral support rather than focusing on their jobs. For those whose jobs are secure, pay increases are rarely possible. Pay cuts, unheard of during times of growth, may even be imposed. The challenge to management is how to motivate employees under such retrenchment conditions. The ways of meeting this challenge can be broadly divided into six Key Points, which are outlined below.KEY POINT ONEThere is an abundance of evidence to support the motivational benefits that result from carefully matching people to jobs. For example, if the job is running a small business or an autonomous unit within a larger business, high achievers should be sought. However, if the job to be filled is a managerial post in a large bureaucratic organisation, a candidate who has a high need for power and a low need for affiliation should be selected. Accordingly, high achievers should not be put into jobs that are inconsistent with their needs. High achievers will do best when the job provides moderately challenging goals and where there is independence and feedback. However, it should be remembered that not everybody is motivated by jobs that are high in independence, variety and responsibility.KEY POINT TWOThe literature on goal-setting theory suggests that managers should ensure that all employees have specific goals and receive comments on how well they are doing in those goals. For those with high achievement needs, typically a minority in any organisation, the existence of external goals is less important because high achievers are already internally motivated. The next factor to be determined is whether the goals should be assigned by a manager or collectively set in conjunction with theemployees. The answer to that depends on perceptions of goal acceptance and the organisation’s culture. If resistance to goals is expected, the use of participation in goal-setting should increase acceptance. If participation is inconsistent with the culture, however, goals should be assigned. If participation and the culture are incongruous, employees are likely to perceive the participation process as manipulative and be negatively affected by it.KEY POINT THREERegardless of whether goals are achievable or well within management’s perceptions of the employee’s ability, if employees see them as unachievable they will reduce their effort. Managers must be sure, therefore, that employees feel confident that their efforts can lead to performance goals. For managers, this means that employees must have the capability of doing the job and must regard the appraisal process as valid.KEY POINT FOURSince employees have different needs, what acts as a reinforcement for one may not for another. Managers could use their knowledge of each employee to personalise the rewards over which they have control. Some of the more obvious rewards that managers allocate include pay, promotions, autonomy, job scope and depth, and the opportunity to participate in goal-setting and decision-making.KEY POINT FIVEManagers need to make rewards contingent on performance. To reward factors other than performance will only reinforce those other factors. Key rewards such as pay increases and promotions or advancements should be allocated for the attainment of the employee’s specific goals. Consistent withmaximising the impact of rewards, managers should look for ways to increase their visibility. Eliminating the secrecy surrounding pay by openly communicating everyone’s remuneration, publicising performance bonuses and allocating annual salary increases in a lump sum rather than spreading them out over an entire year are examples of actions that will make rewards more visible and potentially more motivating.KEY POINT SIXThe way rewards are distributed should be transparent so that employees perceive that rewards or outcomes are equitable and equal to the inputs given. On a simplistic level, experience, abilities, effort and other obvious inputs should explain differences in pay, responsibility and other obvious outcomes. The problem, however, is complicated by the existence of dozens of inputs and outcomes and by the fact that employee groups place different degrees of importance on them. For instance, a study comparing clerical and production workers identified nearly twenty inputs and outcomes. The clerical workers considered factors such as quality of work performed and job knowledge near the top of their list, but these were at the bottom of the production workers’ list. Similarly, production workers thought that the most important inputs were intelligence and personal involvement with task accomplishment, two factors that were quite low in the importance ratings of the clerks. There were also important, though less dramatic, differences on the outcome side. For example, production workers rated advancement very highly, whereas clerical workers rated advancement in the lower third of their list. Such findings suggest that one person’s equity is another’s inequity, so an ideal should probably weigh different inputs and outcomes according to employee group.Questions 19-24Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage 27?In boxes 19-24 on your answer sheet, writeYES if the statement agrees with the views of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the views of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this19 A shrinking organization tends to lose its less skilled employees rather than its more skilled employees.20 It is easier to manage a small business than a large business.21 High achievers are well suited to team work.22 Some employees can feel manipulated when asked to participate in goal-setting.23 The staff appraisal process should be designed by employees.24 Employees’ earnings should be disclosed to everyone within the organization.Questions 25-27Look at the following groups of workers (Questions 25-27) and the list of descriptions below.Match each group with the correct description, A-E.Write the correct letter, A-E, in boxes 25-27 on your answer sheet.25 high achievers26 clerical workers27 production workersList of DescriptionsA They judge promotion to be important.B They have less need of external goals.C They think that the quality of their work is important.D They resist goals which are imposed.E They have limited job options.READING PASSAGE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 28-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.The Search for the Anti-aging PillIn government laboratories and elsewhere, scientists are seeking a drug able to prolong life and youthful vigor. Studies of caloric restriction are showing the wayAs researchers on aging noted recently, no treatment on the market today has been proved to slow human aging — the build-up of molecular and cellular damage that increases vulnerability to infirmity as we grow older. But one intervention, consumption of a low-calorie_et nutritionally balanced diet, works incredibly well in a broad range of animals, increasing longevity and prolonging good health. Those findings suggest that caloric restriction could delay aging and increase longevity in humans, too.Unfortunately, for maximum benefit, people would probably have to reduce their caloric intake by roughly thirty per cent, equivalent to dropping from 2,500 calories a day to 1,750. Few mortals could stick to that harsh a regimen, especially for years on end. But what if someone could create a pill that mimicked the physiological effects of eating less without actually forcing people to eat less? Could such a ‘caloric-restriction mimetic’, as we call it, enable people to stay healthy longer, postponing age-related disorders (such as diabetes, arteriosclerosis, heart disease and cancer) until very late in life? Scientists first posedthis question in the mid-1990s, after researchers came upon a chemical agent that in rodents seemed to reproduce many of caloric restriction’s benefits. No compound that would safely achieve the same feat in people has been found yet, but the search has been informative and has fanned hope that caloric-restriction (CR) mimetics can indeed be developed eventually.The benefits of caloric restrictionThe hunt for CR mimetics grew out of a desire to better understand caloric restriction’s many effects on the body. Scientists first recognized the value of the practice more than 60 years ago, when they found that rats fed a low-calorie diet lived longer on average than free-feeding rats and also had a reduced incidence of conditions that become increasingly common in old age. What is more, some of the treated animals survived longer than the oldest-living animals in the control group, which means that the maximum lifespan (the oldest attainable age), not merely the normal lifespan, increased. Various interventions, such as infection-fighting drugs, can increase a population’s ave rage survival time, but only approaches that slow the body’s rate of aging will increase the maximum lifespan.The rat findings have been replicated many times and extended to creatures ranging from yeast to fruit flies, worms, fish, spiders, mice and hamsters. Until fairly recently, the studies were limited to short-lived creatures genetically distant from humans. But caloric-restriction projects underway in two species more closely related to humans — rhesus and squirrel monkeys — have made scientists optimistic that CR mimetics could help people.calorie: a measure of the energy value of foodThe monkey projects demonstrate that, compared withcontrol animals that eat normally, caloric-restricted monkeys have lower body temperatures and levels of the pancreatic hormone insulin, and they retain more youthful levels of certain hormones that tend to fall with age.The caloric-restricted animals also look better on indicators of risk for age-related diseases. For example, they have lower blood pressure and triglyceride levels (signifying a decreased likelihood of heart disease), and they have more normal blood glucose levels (pointing to a reduced risk for diabetes, which is marked by unusually high blood glucose levels). Further, it has recently been shown that rhesus monkeys kept on caloric-restricted diets for an extended time (nearly 15 years) have less chronic disease. They and the other monkeys must be followed still longer, however, to know whether low-calorie intake can increase both average and maximum life spans in monkeys. Unlike the multitude of elixirs being touted as the latest anti-aging cure, CR mimetics would alter fundamental processes that underlie aging. We aim to develop compounds that fool cells into activating maintenance and repair.How a prototype caloric-restriction mimetic worksThe best-studied candidate for a caloric-restriction mimetic, 2DG (2-deoxy-D-glucose), works by interfering with the way cells process glucose. It has proved toxic at some doses in animals and so cannot be used in humans. But it has demonstrated that chemicals can replicate the effects of caloric restriction; the trick is finding the right one.Cells use the glucose from food to generate ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the molecule that powers many activities in the body. By limiting food intake, caloric restriction minimizes the amount of glucose entering cells and decreases ATP generation.When 2DG is administered to animals that eat normally, glucose reaches cells in abundance but the drug prevents most of it from being processed and thus reduces ATP synthesis. Researchers have proposed several explanations for why interruption of glucose processing and ATP production might retard aging. One possibility relates to the ATP-making machinery’s emission of free radicals, which are thought to contribute to aging and to such age-related diseases as cancer by damaging cells. Reduced operation of the machinery should limit their production and thereby constrain the damage. Another hypothesis suggests that decreased processing of glucose could indicate to cells that food is scarce (even if it isn’t) and induce them to shift into an anti-aging mode that emphasizes preservation of the organism over such ‘luxuries’ as growth and reproduction.Questions 28-32Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 3?In boxes 28-32 on your answer sheet, writeYES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this28 Studies show drugs available today can delay the process of growing old.29 There is scientific evidence that eating fewer calories may extend human life.30 Not many people are likely to find a caloric-restricted diet attractive.31 Diet-related diseases are common in older people.32 In experiments, rats who ate what they wanted led shorterliver than rats on a low-calorie diet.Questions 33-37Classify the following descriptions as relating toA caloric-restricted monkeysB control monkeysC neither caloric-restricted monkeys nor control monkeysWrite the correct letter, A, B or C, in boxes 33-37 on your answer sheet.33 Monkeys were less likely to become diabetic.34 Monkeys experienced more chronic disease.35 Monkeys have been shown to experience a longer than average life span.36 Monkeys enjoyed a reduced chance of heart disease.37 Monkeys produced greater quantities of insulin.Questions 38-40Complete the flow-chart below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 38-40 on your answer sheet.How a caloric-restriction mimetic worksCR mimeticLess 38..............is processedProduction of ATP is decreasedTheory 1: Theory 2:Cells less damaged by disease because Cells focus on 40..............becausefewer 39..............are emitted food is in short supply剑桥雅思阅读6原文参考译文(test3)PASSAGE 1 参考译文:A The Lumiere Brothers opened their Cinematographe, at 14Boulevard des Capucines in Paris, to 100 paying customers over 100 years ago, on December 8, 1895. Before the eyes of the stunned, thrilled audience, photographs came to life and moved across a flat screen.A 一百多年前,在1895年12月8日,吕米埃兄弟在巴黎嘉布欣大道14号向100名买票人场的观众放映了他们制作的电影。

2021年雅思阅读模拟练习试题及答案

2021年雅思阅读模拟练习试题及答案

2021年雅思阅读模拟练习试题及答案:全球变
暖与动物影响
2021年雅思阅读模拟练习试题及答案:沙丘
2021年雅思阅读模拟练习试题及答案:提炼饮
用水
2021年雅思阅读模拟练习试题及答案:象形文

2021年雅思阅读模拟练习试题及答案:生物多
样性
雅思阅读解析及答案:生物多样性
2021年雅思阅读模拟练习试题及答案:管理学

雅思阅读解析及答案:管理学者
2021年雅思阅读模拟练习试题及答案:巧克力
的历史
雅思阅读解析及答案:巧克力的历史
2021年雅思阅读模拟练习试题及答案:简单英

2021年雅思阅读模拟练习试题及答案:苏联劳
动时间的变化
2021年雅思阅读模拟练习试题及答案:金星凌

2021年雅思阅读模拟练习试题及答案:新手与
专家
雅思阅读解析及答案:新手与专家
2021年雅思阅读模拟练习试题及答案:竹子雅思阅读解析及答案:竹子。

雅思翻译专项练习(一)

雅思翻译专项练习(一)

雅思翻译专项练习(一)1、(There be ) 没有必要不懂装懂。

【名词及冠词】2、( satisfy ) 老师对学生们在英语学习上所取得的很大进步这一事实很满意。

【祈使句十and十陈述句】3、( ansist on) 妈妈总是坚持要求汤姆做完作业再看电视。

【介词搭配】4、(There be) 犯了错误后后悔是无意义的。

【倒装句】5、(as) 他尽管双目失明,却没有放弃作家梦。

【祈使句十and 十陈述句】6、( sure) 你看了电影- -定会失望的。

【祈使句十and 十陈述句】7、(suffer from, stuff) 感冒的人常常鼻塞。

【介词搭配】8、我第一次打高尔夫球时就爱上了这项运动。

【祈使句十and 十陈述句】9、(concentrate…on) 老师们应该集中注意力帮助学生高效的学习。

【介词搭配】10、( cure) 很奇怪人们对这种产品的需求不高。

(strange, demand)【名词及冠词】11、( thus ) 这将进一步加强两国人民的交流,从而达到更好的理解。

【时态及语态】12、(uptonow) 这时我迄今为止所遇到过得最尴尬的事情。

【名词及冠词】13、现在.上海对教师的需要还是那么高吗?【名词及冠词】14、( oppsed) 他说的与事实完全相反。

【时态及语态】15、101.我碰巧遇到了那个和我共事五年的同事。

(with)102.当我走出机场的时候,碰巧正下着雨。

(out of)【介词搭配】16、(It) 你有没有想到他们会拒绝出席这个仪式?【It及There be句型】17、(It) 自从他开始环游之旅以来已过去两个月了。

【It及There be句型】18、(depend ) 这取决于你想去还是不想去。

【祈使句十and 十陈述句】19、(promise ) 他忘记答应给我们电子邮件。

【非谓语动词】20、(never before) 有生以来我以前从未见过这么漂亮的珍贵的珠宝。

雅思的句子天天练(1篇)

雅思的句子天天练(1篇)

雅思的句子天天练(1篇)雅思的句子天天练1下面的句子中包含一些形容词,每两个句子是一组,两句话中的形容词互为反义词:I am happy when it is my birthday. 我过生日的时候非常开心。

She was sad when her puppy died. 她的小狗死了,她非常伤心。

We were excited about going to the concert. 要去听音乐会,我们非常兴奋。

She was bored because there were many grammar exercises. 有太多语法练习,她感到厌烦。

She is beautiful and wants to be a model. 她很漂亮并想成为一名模特。

A witch is normally very ugly. 女巫通常都很丑。

The desert is very dry. 沙漠里非常干燥。

My towel is wet because it fell into the pool. 我的毛巾是湿的,因为它掉进了游泳池了。

Children can be naughty when they are two years old. 孩子在两岁的时候非常调皮。

Your children can visit me any time because they are well-behaved. 你的孩子都很乖巧,他们可以随时拜访我。

The party next door was noisy. 隔壁的派对很吵。

The mountains are very quiet when it snows. 下雪时山里非常安静。

A weightlifter is very strong. 举重运动员非常强壮。

He lost a lot of blood and was very weak. 他失血很多,非常虚弱。

雅思基础句子翻译练习题

雅思基础句子翻译练习题

按要求写句子根据句子的基本结构来写句子一、主语+谓语动词(不及物动词)1. 女教授的人数在1970年急剧下降2. 人们对此事持有不同的看法。

3. 价格在八月份到达最高点。

4. 移民人数在50年代上下波动。

5. 人们对安乐死的观点不一。

二、主语+谓语动词(及物动词)+宾语1. 垃圾食品危害人们的健康。

2. 在表明观点之前,我将从不同的角度来分析这个热点问题。

3. 太空探索浪费我们有限的公共资金。

4. 体罚侵犯了小孩的尊严。

5. 旅游开阔视野。

6. 跨文化交流有助于消除偏见和敌意。

三、主语+动词+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(物)1. 跳槽给我们带来了成就感。

2. 我祝你考试成功。

3. 做兼职给学生理论联系实际的机会。

4. 博物馆给人们民族自豪感和归属感。

四、主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语1. 我们认为学生评价老师的做法有伤感情。

2. 克隆技术可能使人变得多余、可替代甚至是处于灭绝的境地。

1. 英语中肥胖的人被称为沙发土豆。

2. 人们把电视叫做白痴盒子。

3. 我们认为义务兵役制是对人权的侵犯。

1. 我诚意邀请你暑假到我家乡做客。

2. 我要求有关部门一星期内派人来处理这棘手的问题。

3. 您可否让我跟您面谈我的资历呢?五、主语+系动词+表语1. 语言是人类表达思想的媒介。

2. 新闻审查制度是对人言论自由的侵犯。

3. 运动是对学习时间和学校资源的浪费。

4. 养育小孩的最重要因素是安全和充满关爱的家庭环境。

5. 太空探索是对未来的投资。

6. 人口爆炸可能成为全球性的严重危害。

7. 对环境和生物多样性的保护对于发展中国家是个奢侈的事情。

1. 养殖和屠杀这些动物的方法经常是野蛮和残忍的。

2. 堕胎是不道德和不合伦理的。

3. 机器人将取代人的观点很荒唐。

4. 表面上这个建议似乎很有说服力和建设性。

5. 素食证明是有益健康的。

6. 价格保持不变。

句子种类1. 简单句1. 我们应该禁止在公共场所吸烟。

2. 有些小孩不能明辨是非。

雅思翻译专项练习题精选(三)

雅思翻译专项练习题精选(三)

雅思翻译专项练习题精选(三)1、( for) 在我们实施计划之前把所有可能的问题考虑好是很重要的。

【介词搭配】2、(mostly ) 让父母烦恼的是儿子用电脑大多是为了玩游戏。

【形容词及副词】3、( rest) 我今天寄给你我们之间已商定的金额总数的四分之三,余数款将在一个月内寄出。

【非谓语动词】4、(whatever) 我们一定要全力以赴,力争在天黑前抵达目的地。

【祈使句十and 十陈述句】5、(not until) 他知道三岁才开始说话。

【倒装句】6、(down)树上掉下来几只苹果,地上跳起来一-些男孩。

【倒装句】7、( long.v.) 虽然距暑假还有一个多月,但学生们已经在热切地盼望着假期。

【祈使句十and十陈述句】8、(There be) 你没有必要那么早出去递送报纸。

【It及There be句型】9、(do away with) 此类特权应该被取消。

【时态及语态】10、(furniture) 通常来说,木制家具总是很贵。

【名词及冠词】11、(condition ) 我不需要买新车,我的那辆旧车还很好。

【时态及语态】12、( look forwardto) 我们盼望着你在不久的将来再到我们公司来参观。

【介词搭配】13、( concerned) 我很关心她的安全。

【形容词及副词】14、(pupolar ) 这款手机式样新颖、携带方便,深受年轻人的欢迎。

【时态及语态】15、(courage ) 我鼓起勇气对校长说我不同意他的建议。

【祈使句十and 十陈述句】16、( object to) 经理拒绝给这位营业员加薪。

【介词搭配】17、( make up for) 失去的时间必须补回来。

【时态及语态】18、(such ) 爱因斯坦就是这样一-个朴实而具有伟大成就的人。

【倒装句】19、(There be) 玩火者必自焚,这是毫无疑问的。

【倒装句】20、( former wife) 你的前妻摔断腿了,你最好到医院去探望她一下。

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生活需要游戏,但不能游戏人生;生活需要歌舞,但不需醉生梦死;生活需要艺术,但不能投机取巧;生活需要勇气,但不能鲁莽蛮干;生活需要重复,但不能重蹈覆辙。

-----无名随着科学技术的发展,因特网已经成为生活中必不可少的一部分,我认为因特网对我们的生活与学习带来了正面和负面的影响。

Exercise 1 Translation1. 电视观众的人数在晚上8点到10点之间急剧上升。

2. 全球一体化时代已经来临。

3. 人们对此事持不同看法。

4. 一些尖锐的问题已经出现。

5. 随着经济的迅猛发展,环境也不断恶化。

6. 肥胖的人身心都受到伤害。

7. 有毒气体危害人们健康。

8. 不良的生活习惯有害健康。

9. 旅游业无限制的发展破坏生态平衡。

10. 跨文化交流有助于消除偏见和敌意。

Exercise 2Complete the following sentences1.资助艺术浪费我们有限的公共资金。

Art funding lavishes our limited public fund_.2. 摄像头的安装侵犯人们的隐私。

The installation of cameras _violates people’s privacy_______.3. 打游戏机浪费父母的血汗钱。

Playing computer games _squanders_parents’hard-earned money__.4. 艺术提升城市的形象和地位。

Art promotes/ upgrades /improves the image and status_ of the city.5. 从2000年数目开始开始缓慢下降/保持不变。

Since 2000 the figure hasgone down/ decreased/ dropped/ fallen/declined/sunkslightly/ graduallykeep/remain/ maintain stable/ steady/ constant6. 在表明观点之前,我将探讨一下这具有争议事件的正反方。

Before presenting my view, I will explore the positive and negative aspects/ both sides of the controversial issue_.Exercise 31.The soaring unemployment rate makes us upset.2. The critics show us some convincing evidence.3. A gap year offers high school graduates a valuable opportunity to identify their career interests and goals.4. The table shows us the results of a survey on the relationship between gender and hobbies.5. A co-education school offers children nothing less than a true version of society in miniature.6. Job hunting offers people an opportunity to display their versatile talents.7.Part-time job give studentsa sense of achivement through contributing to society.8. The Internet enables us to have easy access to the latest informationworldwide.9. Experts advise the government to demolish / pull down the old houses in the downtown area to promote the city image. 10. The stressful life makes people sick.用学术词汇来替代下列句子中的黑体词:1.It is importan t to use complex sentences to get a better scorein the Writing modules of IELTS.2.More and more numbers of women are going out to work.3.What they emphasize is that formal examinations areharmful to students’ creativity.4.Membership at AF’s Sports Club rose during the first threemonths of last year from 60 to about 130.5.This book is so good it’s better than all the others.6.During the course of a televised World Cup football matchdemand for electricity fluctuates widely.7.I made a mistake and bought the wrong size shoes.8.I will appreciate it very much if you can give me an earlyreply soon.9.Nothing has changed the world as greatly as the Internet.10.I f you are going to emigrate to a foreign country, you mustbe used to new manners and customs.11.I believe that, to a certain extent, examinations can give anunfair measurement of a student’s ability.12.T he supermarket can provide a lot of foods to choose from.13.O nce again, I am sorry for any trouble caused.14.P eople argue over and over again tha violence on televisionis harmful.15.I am writing to ask about the possibility of studying for thedegree of MA in English Literature at your university from next September.16.D r.Smith will be free on Sunday.17.T his dictionary is very useful in helping you understand thelocal language.18.I n his spare time, he likes reading, but doesn’t like goingshopping.19.H is explanation is not enough to support his late ofr class.20.T his shop has the only right for the sale of the goods.Assignment:1.Overseas students have an easier access to the first-ratefacilities.2.You can’t be a man who will never accomplish everything.3.We must work hard to acquire a good knowledge of English.4.It is essential to combine theory with practice.5.To set up a space station costs a huge sum of taxpayers’money.6.How to solve the heavy traffic problem is a tough issue forour government.7.Parents always expect their children to be the best.8.Your responsibility is attending to the old.9.Paying computer games is time-consuming.10.R iding a bike is energy saving.Homework: 翻译1.玩游戏机是个费时的爱好。

2.互联网的好处之一是能迅速方便地获取最新的资讯。

3.男女共校制度的最大贡献是它所提倡的健康人生态度。

4.网上一些信息是误导人的和带有欺骗性的。

5.慢跑证明是有益健康的。

6.妇女应该回家做全职太太的建议似乎不切实际并很荒唐。

7.这个方案听起来相当令人信服和具有建设性。

8.死刑的废除是个具有争议性的事件。

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