中学物理名词的汉英对照表

力force重力gravity摩擦力friction拉力traction质量mass惯量Interia加速度acceleration力矩torque静止at rest相对relative能量energy动能kenetic energy势能potential energy功work动量momentum角动量angular momentum能量守恒energy conservation保守力conserved force振动vibration振幅amplitude波wave驻波standing wave震荡oscillation相干波coherent wave干涉interference衍射diffraction轨道obital速度velocity速率speed大小magnatitude方向direction水平horizontal竖直vertical相互垂直perpendicular坐标coordinate直角坐标系cersian coordinate system 极坐标系polar coordinate system弹簧spring球体sphere环loop盘型disc圆柱形cylinder 电学磁学：电子electron电荷charge电流current电场electric field电通量electric flux电势electirc potential导体conductor电介质dielectric绝缘体insultalor电阻resistor电阻率resistivity电容capacitor无穷infinite横截面cross ection匀强电场uniform electric field 分布distribution磁场magnetic field磁通量magnetic flux电感inductance变压器transformer频率frequency周期period电磁波electomagnetic wave 平面plane安培Ampere电压V oltage伏特V olt欧姆Ohm变阻器variable resistor并联电路parallel circuit串联电路series circuit超导体superconductor电池cell电灯electric light电流electric current电流表ampere电压表voltmeter电源power supply短路short circuit断路open circuit开关switch热学：热平衡thermal equilibrium理想气体ideal gas热能thermal energy热量heat热值heat value热容heat capacity外界surrounding比热容specific heat准静态过程quasi-static process等体过程isochoric process等压过程isobaric process等温过程isothermal process绝热过程adiabatic process循环cycle光学光light光程optical path光强度light intensity偏振polarization波长wave length传播propagation量子力学原子atomic光子photon光电效应photo-electric effect 物质波matter wave光谱spectrum激光laser衰减decay辐射radiation功和能杠杆lever功work能energy功率power滑轮pulley定滑轮fixed pulley动滑轮movable pulley焦耳Joule 焦耳定律Joule Law机械功mechanical work机械能mechanical energy机械效率mechanical efficiency机械运动mechanical motion内能internal energy瓦特Watt用电器electric appliance力学mechanics质点mass point参考系reference frame坐标系coordinate system路程path位移displacement矢量vector标量scalar速度velocity平均速度average velocity瞬时速度instantaneous velocity速率speed加速度acceleration匀变速运动uniform variable motion匀变速直线运动uniform variable rectilinear motion初速度initial velocity自由落体运动free-fall motion自由落体加速度free-fall acceleration 重力加速度gravitational acceleration 力force重力gravity重心center of gravity万有引力gravitation电磁相互作用electromagnetic interaction强相互作用strong interaction弱相互作用weak interaction放射现象radioactivity弹力elastic force弹性限度elastic limit劲度系数coefficient stiffness胡克定律Hooke law摩擦力frictional force静摩擦力static frictional force滑动摩擦力sliding frictional force动摩擦因数dynamic friction factor合力resultant force分力components of force力的合成compositions of forces平行四边形定则parallelogram rule共点力concurrent forces力的分解resolution of force三角形定则triangular rule矢量vector标量scalar动力学dynamics牛顿第一定律Newton first law of motion惯性inertia惯性定律law of inertia质量mass单位制system of units作用力action反作用力reaction平衡状态equilibrium超重overweight失重weightlessness能energy势能potential energy动能kinetic energy焦耳joule功率power重力势能gravitational potential energy 弹性势能elastic potential energy动能定理theorem kinetic energy机械守恒定律law of conservation of mechanical energy曲线运动curvilinear motion切线tangent运动的合成composition of motion运动的分解resolution of motion抛体运动projectile motion匀速圆周运动uniform circular motion 线速度linear velocity角速度angle velocity弧度radian周期period向心加速度centripetal acceleration向心力centripetal force引力常量gravitational constant万有引力定律law of uniform gravitation第一宇宙速度first cosmetic velocity电磁感应electromagnetic induction 感应电流induction current感应电动势induction electromagnetic 法拉第电磁感应电律Faraday law of electromagnetic induction楞次定律Lenz law右手定则right-hand rule感生电场induced electric field感生电动势induced electromotive force动生电动势motional electromotive force互感mutual induction自感self-induction涡流eddy current交变电流alternating current（AC）直流direct current(DC)峰值peak value正弦式电流sinusoidal current频率frequency有效值effective value原线圈primary coil副线圈secondary coil传感器sensor静电场electromagnetic field电荷electric charge正电荷positive charge负电荷negative charge摩擦起电electrification by friction自由电子free electron离子ion静电感应electrostatic induction感应起电electrification by induction 电荷守恒定律law of conservation of electric charge电荷量electric quantity库伦coulomb元电荷elementary charge比荷specific charge库伦定律Coulomb law静电力electrostatic force点电荷point charge静电力常量electrostatic force constant 电场electric field电磁场electromagnetic field静电场electrostatic field电场强度electric field strength电场线electric field line电势能electric potential energy电势electric potential等势面equipotential surface电势差electric potential电压voltage电容器capacitor电容capacitance法拉farad相对介电常数relative dielectric constant电源power source恒定电场steady electric field恒定电流steady current电流electric current安培ampere电动势electromotive force内阻internal resistance电阻resistance欧姆ohm串联series connection并联parallel connection电功率electric power焦耳定律Joule law电阻率resistivity闭合回路closed circuit外电路external circuit内电路internal circuit 欧姆电路闭合回路Ohm law of closed circuit磁场磁性magneticsm磁极magnetic pole磁场magnetic field磁感应强度magnetic induction特斯拉tesla磁感线magnetic induction line安培定则Ampere rule匀强磁场uniform magnetic field磁通量magnetic flux韦伯weber左手定则left-hand rule洛伦兹力Lorentz force扫描scanning回旋加速器cyclotron霍尔效应Hall effect。