博士生入学英语辅导(词汇和短语)
博士入学考试英语中常见的翻译词汇
分类词汇homoge neous同质的homo + gene +ous(＜＞ hetero geneo us)^ homo***ual, hetero***ual mainst ream主流主流的dialec t 方言 (v.s. accent)discre pancy差异miscon cepti on 误解 (mis + concep t + ion)= misund ersta ndingbarrie r 障碍(物)~ bar, = barric adediscri minat ion 区别，歧视raci al/***ual discri minat ion? discri minat e (+agains t)hierar chy 等级制度he ir + arch(govern) + yinsula rity岛国性质 (? insula r, ^island)Britis h indust ry has oftenbeen critic izedfor its lingui sticinsula rity.microc osm 小天地 micro+ cosm(os)nostal gia = homesi cknes spatrio t 爱国者 (＜＞ traito r)à patrio tic, patrio tismnotori ety 恶名 (? notori ous)counte rpart对应人，对等物Who’sGeorgeBush’scounte rpart in China?^ counte rcult ure, counte rbala ncepeer 同等的人凝视，窥视(~ peep)subord inate下级下级的＜＞ superi ortactic s 战术，技巧v.s. strate gy (战略，策略)market ing strate gy v.s. sellin g tactic snuance a subtle differ encein meanin gcompat riot同胞同胞的com + patrio tvernac ular本地的，本国的本地话，本国话the vernac ularlangua ges of IndiaHispan ic An Americ an whosefirstlangua ge was Spanis himmigr ation移入~ immigr ant, immigr atev.s. emigra tion (~ emigra nt, emigra te)antipo des Any two places or region s on diamet rical ly opposi te sidesof the Earth“fromNorthAmeric a to the Antipo des”permea te 渗透，弥漫Smok e permea ted the house.entrep reneu r 企业家 (~ enterp rise)à entrep reneu rshippracti tione r 开业者，从业者pra ction(practi ce) + ercelebr ity a famous person= lumina ry, VIPproxy代理人anecdo te 轶事 (à anecdo tal)benchm arkin g 类比分析punctu al 准时的，守时的 (à punctu ality)absent eeism旷工abse nt à absent ee à absent eeismflexti me 弹性工作时间flex(flexib le) + timeharass骚扰 (à harass ment)Mary said that Gary had ***uallyharass ed her.redund ancy冗余，冗员netw ork redund ancydownsi ze 裁员 (~ lay off)ballot投票(= vote)impart ial 不偏不倚的(＜＞ partia l)lobby大堂(n.) 游说(v.)dubbin g 配音录制vogue时尚^ chicbizarr e 奇异的v.s. weird(怪异的)medioc re 平庸的dietit ian 饮食学家 (~ diet)connoi sseur行家，鉴赏家^ entrée, a la carteshortl ist (BE) a list of applic antswho have been deemed suitab le and from whichthe succes sfulperson will be chosen à (v.)equili brium平衡，均衡questi onnai re 调查表，问卷quanti tativ e 定量的 (＜＞ qualit ative)contin gency偶然性，偶然事件incur招致incu r debts/hatred/danger v.s. occur, concur, recurethica l 伦理的，符合伦理的~ ethics, ＜＞ unethi caldubiou s 疑惑的，可疑的 (~ doubt)People were dubiou s aboutthe result.manife stati on 显示，证明 (? manife st)subtit le 字幕，副标题(sub + title)^ subsid iary,submar ine, subway(BE: underg round, tube), suburb(~ downto wn, uptown, outski rts考博英语翻译中可能涉及的热点词汇总裁助理assist ant presid ent综合治理compre hensi ve treatm ent安居工程housin g projec t for low-income urbanreside nts信息化inform ation-based;inform ation izati on智力密集型concen trati on of brainpower;knowle dge-intens ive外资企业overse as-funded enterp rises下岗职工laid-off worker s分流reposi tionof redund ant person nel三角债chaindebts素质教育educat ion for all-rounddevelo pment豆腐渣工程jerry-builtprojec ts社会治安情况law-and-ordersituat ion民族国家nation state台独"indepe ndenc e of Taiwan"台湾当局Taiwan author ities台湾同胞Taiwan compat riots台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分。
关于博士新生入学时英语考试的重点词汇有哪些
关于博士新生入学时英语考试的重点词汇有哪些关于博士新生入学时英语考试的重点词汇有哪些很快就要开学了哦，同学们都做好上课的准备了吗?今天小编为大家整理了关于博士新生入学时英语考试的重点词汇，大家一起来学习一下吧。
inoperable adj. 不能动手术的，不起作用的，不能生效的physiology n. 生理学wrench n. 扳钳,猛扭,痛苦 vt. 猛扭,扭伤 vi. 猛扭,扭伤,曲解malignant adj. 有恶意的,恶性的,有害的 n. 怀恶意的人,保王党员mystery n. 神秘,秘密,神秘的人或事物bachelor n. 单身汉, 学士enthusiasm n. 热心，热忱，热情wig n. 假发，呵斥 vt. 给...戴假发;严斥royalty n. 皇家, 皇族 n. 版税blister n. 冒泡,气泡,水疱 vt. 使冒泡,责骂 vi. 生水疱heme n. 亚铁血红素genuine adj. 真正的,真实的,诚恳的walnut n. 胡桃,胡桃木,胡桃色,茶色philosopher n. 哲学家，思想家，达观者prosperity n. 繁荣,兴旺thrift n. n. 节俭, 节约mince n. 切碎物 v. 切碎, 矫揉做作地说hire vt.聘用; 录用; 雇用; 租用 vi.受雇; 得到工作 n.租金; 酬金，工钱; [非正式用语] 被雇佣的人; 销售部的两个新雇员buccal adj. 颊的, 口的, 口腔的immature adj. 不成熟的typhoid adj. 伤寒性的 n. 伤寒xerography n. 静电复印术, 静电射线透照术fibrosis n. 纤维症sperm n. 精液, 精子 n. 与抹香鲸有关的物质(如鲸脑油) pref. 表示“精液，精子，种子”(=spermo-,sperma-，spermi-)permanence n. 永久, 持久tertian adj. 每三天发生一次的, 隔日的 n. 隔日热strategy n. 战略, 策略version n. 版本, 说法，翻译withhold vt. &vi. 扣留,保留,抑制landscape n. 风景,山水,风景画 v. 美化…的景观,进行造园工程consolidate v. 巩固,联合,统一 [计算机] 使固定infarct n. 梗塞assemble vt. 聚集,集合,装配 vi. 集合, 聚集competent adj. 有能力的,胜任的,足够的mitigate v. 镇静,缓和,减轻 v. 缓和fluid adj. 流畅优美的,流体的,流动的,不稳定的 n. 流体,液体alga n. 海藻，水藻dislocation n. 脱节, 动乱，脱臼，位错lumbar adj. 腰的, 腰部的 n. 腰动脉, 腰神经, 腰椎cramp n. 抽筋, 腹部绞痛, 铁箍 adj. 狭窄的, 难解的 v. 使...抽筋, 以铁箍扣紧, 束缚stupor n. 昏迷, 麻木, 不省人事lymph n. 淋巴, 淋巴液emit v. 发出,放射,吐露 [计算机] 发射sociological adj. 社会学的utensil n. 器具, 用具battalion n. 营, ，大批scab n. 疮痂，疥癣 n. 工贼，拒绝参加罢工的人 n. [俚]恶棍，无赖 vi. 结疤，做工贼，破坏罢工erode vt. 腐蚀,侵蚀 vi. 受到侵蚀replicate vt. &vi. 折叠,复制,模写 n. 同样的样品 adj. 转折的vaccine n. 疫苗inhibit vt. &vi. 禁止,抑制 [计算机] 禁止calcium n. 钙stride n. 步伐,一大步,大步走,进步 vt. 跨骑,跨 vi. 岔开腿站立,迈大步走,跨过breach n. 裂口,违背, 冲击, 决裂 vt. 违反,在...上打开缺口, 突破 vi. 跃出水面thorax n. 胸, 胸膛, 胸腔heritage n. 遗产, 继承物retire n. 退休,退职 vi. &vt. 退休,撤退survey n. 调查; 纵览, 视察, 测量 vt. 审视, 视察, 通盘考虑, 调查; 勘测 vi. 测量, 勘测wither vt. 使凋谢，使衰退, (用眼神气势等)使畏缩vi. 枯萎,衰退,消亡inherent adj. 内在的, 固有的procaine n. 普鲁卡因diaphoresis n. 发汗, 出汗snail n. 蜗牛trick n. 诡计，欺诈，把戏，诀窍 vt. 戏弄,欺骗 adj. 有诡计的，有阴谋的drowsy adj.昏昏欲睡的 adj.寂静的obstruct v. 阻隔, 妨碍, 阻塞prism n. 棱柱,棱镜，折光体chronic adj. 长期的,慢性的,惯常的legitimate adj. 合法的, 正当的, 合理的, 世袭的 vt. 使合法, 授权, 宣布...为合法luncheon n. 午宴, 正式的午餐cucumber n. 黄瓜assistance n. 帮助, 援助concede vt. 承认,给予 vi. 让步mumps n. 腮腺炎sway n. 摇摆,动摇,影响力,支配vt. 使摇摆,使动摇,影响或控制vi. 摇摆,支配,动摇vehicle n. 传播媒介, 工具, 手段, 交通工具, 车辆;combine n. 集团,联合收割机 v. 化合,结合,联合 vi. 结合,联合 vt. 使结合,使联合subtle adj. 微妙的,敏感的,精细的,狡诈的,不明显的immunotherapy n. [医]免疫疗法solely adv. 独自地,单独地magnesium n. 镁pant n.喘气，喘息; 气喘; 喷气声 vi.喘气，喘息; 喘着气说，气喘吁吁地讲; 热望，渴望，想; (机车等)喷气 vt.气喘tachycardia n. 心悸亢进, 心动过速quarterly adj. 季度的 adv. 每季一次 n. 季刊insufficiency n. 缺乏, 不足之处，机能不全hypothesize v. 假设, 假定, 猜测derivation n. 引出, 诱导, 来历habitation n. 居住, 住所stereo adj. 有立体视觉的,立体声的 n. 固定形象,立体声cervix n. 颈部,子宫口permeate v. 弥漫, 渗透, 普及vicinity n. 邻近,周边地区rub n. 摩擦,困难,障碍 vt. 擦, 搓, 涂抹上, 使不愉快 vi. 摩擦deteriorate vt. (使)恶化 vi. (使)恶化, 瓦解, 衰退inspection n. 检查,视察palpitate vi. 悸动, 心跳, 发抖diaphragm n. 横隔膜,控光装置irresistible adj. 不可抵抗的, 无法抗拒的gentle adj.温和的; 文雅的; 高尚的 vt.使温和; 使驯服 n.蛆; 饵ether n. 乙醚, 醚。
全国博士入学考试英语词汇
全国博士入学考试英语词汇annoy；vt.使苦恼, 骚扰annual；n.一年生植物, 年刊, 年鉴adj.一年一次的, 每年的, 一年生的anonymous；adj.匿名的antenna；n.天线a；art.一n.字母Aabdomen；n.腹, 腹部abide；vi.坚持, 遵守vt.忍受, 容忍abound；vi.多, 大量存在, 富于, 充满abrupt；adj.突然的, 陡峭的, 生硬的accessory；n.附件, 零件, 附加物, 从犯, 同谋者adj.附属的, 补充的, 同谋的, 副的accidental；adj.意外的, 非主要的, 附属的n.非本质属性, 次要方面acclaim；n.喝彩, 欢呼v.欢呼, 称赞accommodate；vt.供应, 供给, 使适应, 调节, 和解, 向...提供, 容纳, 调和vi.适应accommodation；n.住处, 膳宿, (车, 船, 飞机等的)预定铺位, (眼睛等的)适应性调节, (社会集团间的)迁就融合accountant；n.会计(员), 会计师accumulate；v.积聚, 堆积accuracy；n.精确性, 正确度accurate；adj.正确的, 精确的accustomed；adj.通常的, 习惯的, 按照风俗习惯的acknowledge；vt.承认, 答谢, 报偿acquaint；vt.使熟知, 通知acquaintance；n.相识, 熟人acquire；vt.获得, 学到acquisition；n.获得, 获得物acrobat；n.(走钢丝的)杂技演员, 随机应变者, 翻云覆雨者activate；vt.刺激, 使活动vi.有活力actual；adj.实际的, 真实的, 现行的, 目前的acute；adj.敏锐的, [医]急性的, 剧烈addict；vt.使沉溺, 使上瘾n.入迷的人, 有瘾的人adequate；adj.适当的, 足够的adjacent；adj.邻近的, 接近的adjective；n.形容词adjoin；v.邻接, 毗连administer；v.管理, 给予, 执行administration；n.管理, 经营, 行政部门admission；n.允许进入, 承认某事之陈述, 供认adolescent；adj.青春期的, 青春的n.青少年adore；v.崇拜, 爱慕, (口语)喜爱advent；n.(尤指不寻常的人或事)出现, 到来advocate；n.提倡者, 鼓吹者vt.提倡, 鼓吹aerial；adj.航空的, 生活在空气中的, 空气的, 高耸的n.天线aesthetic；adj.美学的, 审美的, 有审美感的affiliate；v.(使...)加入, 接受为会员affluent；adj.丰富的, 富裕的agency；n.代理处, 行销处, 代理, 中介agenda；n.议程agent；n.代理(商)aggravate；vt.使恶化, 加重aggressive；adj.好斗的, 敢作敢为的, 有闯劲的, 侵略性的agitate；v.搅动, 摇动, 煽动, 激动agony；n.苦恼, 极大的痛苦aircraft；n.航行器aisle；n.走廊, 过道album；n.集邮本, 照相簿, 签名纪念册alert；adj.提防的, 警惕的n.警惕, 警报alien；n.外侨adj.外国的, 相异的, 不同, 背道而驰allege；vt.宣称, 断言alleviate；vt.使(痛苦等)易于忍受, 减轻alliance；n.联盟, 联合allocate；vt.分派, 分配allowance；n.津贴, 补助, 宽容, 允许vt.定量供应alloy；n.合金vt.使成合金, 减低成色ally；v.结盟, 与...(在血统, 性质等上)有关联, 同盟n.同盟国, 支持者alongside；adv.在旁prep.横靠alter；v.改变alternate；adj.交替的, 轮流的, 预备的v.交替, 轮流, 改变alternative；n.二中择一, 可供选择的办法, 事物adj.选择性的, 二中择一的aluminium；n.[化]铝adj.铝的aluminum；n.[化]铝ambassador；n.大使ambiguous；adj.暧昧的, 不明确的ambitious；adj.有雄心的, 野心勃勃的ambulance；n.战时流动医院, 救护车amend；v.修正, 改进, 改正amiable；adj.亲切的, 和蔼可亲的amid；prep.在...中ample；adj.充足的, 丰富的amplifier；n.[电工]扩音器, 放大器amplify；vt.放大, 增强v.扩大analogue；n.相似物, 类似情况, 对等的人analogy；n.类似, 类推analyse；vt.分析, 分解n.分析analysis；n.分析, 分解analytic；adj.分析的, 解析的analyze；vt.分析, 分解anchor；n.锚v.抛锚, 锚定ancient；adj.远古的, 旧的anecdote；n.轶事, 奇闻anguish；n.痛苦, 苦恼vt.使极苦闷, 使极痛苦vi.感到痛苦anticipate；vt.预期, 期望, 过早使用, 先人一着, 占先v.预订, 预见, 可以预料antique；n.古物, 古董adj.古时的, 过时的anxiety；n.忧虑, 焦急, 渴望, 热望apology；n.(为某种思想, 宗教, 哲学等)辩解, 道歉appal；v.惊骇appall；vt.使胆寒, 使惊骇apparatus；n.器械, 设备, 仪器apparent；adj.显然的, 外观上的appeal；n.请求, 呼吁, 上诉, 吸引力, 要求vi.求助, 诉请, 要求vt.控诉appendix；n.附录, 附属品, [解]阑尾appetite；n.食欲, 胃口, 欲望, 爱好applaud；v.拍手喝彩, 称赞, 赞同applause；n.鼓掌欢迎, 欢呼appliance；n.用具, 器具applicable；adj.可适用的, 可应用的application；n.请求, 申请, 申请表, 应用, 运用, 施用, 敷用应用,应用程序,应用软件appraisal；n.评价, 估价(尤指估价财产,以便征税), 鉴定appreciate；vt.赏识, 鉴赏, 感激vi.增值, 涨价appropriate；adj.适当的approval；n.赞成, 承认, 正式批准approve；vi.赞成, 满意vt.批准, 通过v.批准approximate；adj.近似的, 大约的v.近似, 接近, 接近, 约计apt；adj.易于...的, 有...倾向的, 灵敏的, 灵巧的, 适当的, 切题的, 敏捷, 倾向是arbitrary；adj.任意的, 武断的, 独裁的, 专断的arch；n.拱门, 弓形结构, 拱形v.(使)弯成弓形adj.主要arithmetic；n.算术, 算法array；n.排列, 编队, 军队, 衣服, 大批vt.部署, 穿着, 排列arrogant；adj.傲慢的, 自大的artery；n.动脉, 要道articulate；adj.有关节的, 发音清晰的vt.用关节连接, 接合, 清晰明白地说artistic；adj.艺术的, 有美感的, 风雅的ascend；v.攀登, 上升ascertain；vt.确定, 探知ashore；adv.向岸地, 在岸上地aspect；n.样子, 外表, 面貌, (问题等的)方面aspire；vi.热望, 立志assassinate；vt.暗杀, 行刺assault；n.攻击, 袭击v.袭击assemble；vt.集合, 聚集, 装配vi.集合assembly；n.集合, 装配, 集会, 集结, 汇编assert；v.断言, 声称assess；vt.估定, 评定asset；n.资产, 有用的东西assimilate；v.吸收assist；v.援助, 帮助assistance；n.协助, 援助, 补助, <英>国家补助assistant；n.助手, 助教adj.辅助的, 助理的associate；vt.使发生联系, 使联合vi.交往, 结交n.合作人, 同事adj.副的 association；n.协会, 联合, 结交, 联想assumption；n.假定, 设想, 担任, 承当, 假装, 作态assurance；n.确信, 断言, 保证, 担保assure；vt.断然地说, 确告, 保证, 担保astonish；vt.使惊讶astronaut；n.太空人, 宇航员astronomy；n.天文学athlete；n.运动员, 运动选手attempt；n.努力, 尝试, 企图vt.尝试, 企图attendant；n.服务员attorney；n.<美>律师, (业务或法律事务上的)代理人attribute；n.属性, 品质, 特征, 加于, 归结于auction；n.拍卖vt.拍卖audit；n.审计, 稽核, 查帐vt.稽核, 旁听vi.查账auditorium；n.听众席, 观众席, <美>会堂, 礼堂augment；v.增加, 增大n.增加aural；adj.听觉的authentic；adj.可信的authority；n.权威, 威信, 权威人士, 权力, 职权, 典据, 著作权威auto；n.<美口>汽车automatic；n.自动机械adj.自动的, 无意识的, 机械的automation；n.自动控制, 自动操作automobile；n.<主美>汽车(=<英>motor car,car)autonomy；n.自治auxiliary；adj.辅助的, 补助的avail；vi.有益于, 有帮助, 有用, 有利vt.有利于n.效用, 利益available；adj.可用到的, 可利用的, 有用的, 有空的, 接受探访的avert；v.转移aviation；n.飞行, 航空, 航空学, 航空术aware；adj.知道的, 明白的, 意识到的awe；n.敬畏vt.敬畏awkward；adj.难使用的, 笨拙的axis；n.轴bachelor；n.单身汉, 文理学士, 幼雄兽badminton；n.羽毛球bait；n.饵, 诱惑物vt.以饵引诱(动物), 把饵装上, 欺负, 折磨vi.中途休息bald；adj.光秃的, 单调的, 枯燥的ballet；n.芭蕾舞, 芭蕾舞剧, 芭蕾舞乐曲ballot；n.选举票, 投票, 票数vi.投票bandage；n.绷带banquet；n.宴会barbecue；n.吃烤烧肉的野餐barn；n.[农]谷仓, 畜棚, 畜舍, 机器房barrel；n.桶vt.装入桶内barren；adj.不生育的, 不孕的, 贫瘠的, 没有结果的, 无益的, 单调的, 无聊的, 空洞的n.荒地barrier；n.(阻碍通道的)障碍物, 栅栏, 屏障baseball；n.棒球, 棒球运动basement；n.地下室, 墙脚basin；n.盆, 盆地, 水池basis；n.基础, 基本, 根据, 主要成分(或要素), (认识论中的)基本原则或原理bat；n.蝙蝠, 球棒v.用球棒击球[计] 批处理文件的扩展名abbr.[军] Basic Armor Training, 装甲兵基础训练batch；n.(面包等)一炉, 一批battery；n.电池, 殴打battle；n.战役(指大规模会战), 战争vi.作战, 战斗, 搏斗, 斗争bay；n.海湾, 狗吠声, 绝路vt.吠, 使走投无路vi.吠bearing；n.轴承, 关系, 方面, 意义, 方向, 方位beast；n.兽, 畜牲, 人面兽心的人behalf；n.为, 利益behave；vi.举动, 举止, 运转v.行为表现belly；n.腹部, 胃vi.涨满beloved；adj.心爱的n.所爱的人, 爱人bench；n.长椅子benign；adj.(病)良性的, (气候)良好的, 仁慈的, 和蔼的betray；vt.出卖, 背叛, 泄露(秘密), 露出...迹象beware；v.小心, 谨防bewilder；vt.使迷惑, 使不知所措, 使昏乱bias；n.偏见, 偏爱, 斜线vt.使存偏见bibliography；n.(有关一个题目或一个人的)书目, 参考书目bid；vt.出价, 投标, 祝愿, 命令, 吩咐n.出价, 投标v.支付billion；n.adj.十亿(的)bin；n.箱柜[计] 二进制文件的扩展名bind；v.绑, 镶边, 装订, 凝固, 约束biography；n.传记bit；n.小块, 少量, 片刻, 马嚼子, 辅币vt.上马嚼子, 控制vbl.咬n.[计]位, 比特bizarre；adj.奇异的(指态度,容貌,款式等)blackmail；n.勒索, 勒索所得之款vt.勒索blanket；n.毯子vt.覆盖blast；n.一阵(风), 一股(气流), 爆炸, 冲击波vt.爆炸, ,毁灭, 使枯萎, 损害blaze；n.火焰, 光辉, 情感爆发vi.燃烧, 照耀, 激发vt.在树皮上刻路标, 公开宣布bleak；adj.寒冷的, 阴冷的, 荒凉的, 凄凉的, 黯淡的blend；vt.混和n.混和block；n.木块, 石块, 块, 街区, 印版, 滑轮, 阻滞, (一)批vt.防碍, 阻塞blossom；n.花(尤指结果实者), 花开的状态, 兴旺期vi.开花, 兴旺, 发展blueprint；n.蓝图, 设计图, 计划vt.制成蓝图, 计划blunder；v.跌跌撞撞地走, 犯大错, 做错n.大错, 失误blunt；adj.钝的, 生硬的blur；v.涂污, 污损(名誉等), 把(界线,视线等)弄得模糊不清, 弄污n.污点blush；v.脸红, 羞愧, 呈现红色, 使成红色n.脸红, 红色, 红光boast；n.自夸, 值得夸耀的事物v.自夸, 以有...而自豪bold；adj.大胆的n.粗体bolt；n.门闩, 螺钉, 闪电, 跑掉v.上门闩, 囫囵吞下, 逃跑bond；n.结合(物), 粘结(剂), 联结, 公债, 债券, 合同v.结合bonus；n.奖金, 红利boom；n.繁荣, 隆隆声v.发隆隆声, 兴隆, 大事宣传boost；v.推进boot；n.<美> (长统)靴, 靴子v.导入booth；n.货摊, 售货亭, 棚border；n.边界, 国界, 边, 边沿, 边境vt.与...接壤, 接近v.接壤bosom；n.胸部, 胸, 胸怀, 内心, 内部, 中间, 任何温暖、舒适而熟悉的地方vt.怀抱, 隐匿bounce；v.(使)反跳, 弹起, (指支票)被银行退票, 弹跳n.(球)跳起, 弹回bound；n.跃进, 跳, 范围, 限度adj.正要启程的, 开往...去的, 被束缚的, 装订的v.跳跃, 限制boundary；n.边界, 分界线bowel；n.肠adj.内部, 同情心bowl；n.碗, 碗状物, 木球v.滚, (板球)投球bowling；n.保龄球boycott；n.vt.联合抵制, 联合排斥某国货物或与某国绝交brace；n.支柱, 带子, 振作精神vt.支住, 撑牢, 振作起来, 奋起adj.曲柄的v.支持bracket；n.墙上凸出的托架, 括弧, 支架v.括在一起branch；n.枝, 分枝, 分部, 分店, (学科)分科, 部门, 支流, 支脉v.出现分歧brand；n.商标, 牌子, 烙印vt.打火印, 污辱brass；n.黄铜, 黄铜制品, 厚脸皮breach；n.违背, 破坏, 破裂, 裂口vt.打破, 突破breadth；n.宽度, (布的)幅宽, (船)幅breed；v.(使)繁殖, 教养, 抚养n.品种, 种类breeze；n.微风, 煤屑, 焦炭渣, 轻而易举的事, 小风波vi.吹微风, 逃走bribe；n.贿赂vt.贿赂, 向...行贿brick；n.砖, 砖块, 砖形物(如茶砖,冰砖等), <口>心肠好的人bride；n.新娘briefcase；n.(扁平的, 柔韧的, 装文件, 书报的)公文包brim；n.(杯, 碗等)边, 边缘, (河)边vt.注满, 使满溢vi.满溢brisk；adj.敏锐的, 凛冽的, 轻快的, 活泼的vt.使活泼vi.活跃起来brittle；adj.易碎的, 脆弱的brochure；n.小册子bronze；n.青铜(铜与锡合金), 铜像adj.青铜色的brook；n.小溪vt.容忍broom；n.扫帚, [植]金雀花vt.扫除brow；n.眉毛, 额, (面部)表情brush；n.刷子, 毛刷, 画笔vt.刷, 掸, 拂brutal；adj.残忍的, 兽性的bubble；n.泡沫, 幻想的计划vi.起泡, 潺潺的流bucket；n.桶, 一桶的量, [桶壮物]铲斗bud；n.芽, 蓓蕾vi.发芽, 萌芽budget；n.预算vi.做预算, 编入预算buffet；n.餐具柜, 小卖部, 殴打, 打击v.打击, 搏斗bulb；n.鳞茎, 球形物bulk；n.大小, 体积, 大批, 大多数, 散装vt.显得大, 显得重要bulletin；n.公告, 报告bully；n.欺凌弱小者vt.威吓, 威逼bump；n.撞击, 肿块v.碰(伤), 撞(破), 颠簸bunch；n.串, 束v.捆成一束bundle；n.捆, 束, 包v.捆扎bureau；n.办公桌, 衣柜<美>局, 办公署bureaucracy；n.官僚, 官僚作风, 官僚机构burglar；n.夜贼burst；v.爆裂, 炸破, 急于, 爆发n.突然破裂, 爆发, 脉冲butcher；n.屠夫, 屠户vt.屠宰, 屠杀bypass；n.旁路vt.设旁路, 迂回by-pass；旁通; 旁通道; 绕流管; 分路迂回cab；一种压缩文件格式n.出租马车, 出租汽车, 计程车, (机车, 卡车, 起重机的)司机室, 驾驶室vi.乘出租马车cabin；n.小屋, 船舱cabinet；n.(有抽屉或格子的)橱柜, <美>内阁adj.<美>内阁的, 小巧的cable；n.电缆, 海底电报, 缆, 索v.打(海底)电报cafeteria；n.自助餐厅calcium；n.[化]钙(元素符号Ca)calculate；v.计算, 考虑, 计划, 打算v.<美>以为, 认为calendar；n.日历, 历法camel；n.骆驼, [船](打捞用的)浮筒camera；n.照相机camp；n.露营地, 阵营vi.露营, 扎营campaign；n.[军]战役, (政治或商业性)活动, 竞选运动vi.参加活动, 从事活动, 作战canal；n.运河, 小道, 导管, 槽, 沟渠vt.开运河candidate；n.候选人, 投考者canoe；n.独木舟, 轻舟canteen；n.小卖部, 食具箱, 饭盒, (军用)水壶canvas；v.彻底讨论探究n.帆布cape；n.海角, 岬capital；n.首都, 首府, 大写字母, 资本, 资金, 资产adj.首都的, 重要的, 死罪的, 大写的, <口>极好的capitalism；n.资本主义capsule；n.(植物)蒴果, 胶囊, 瓶帽, 太空舱captive；n.俘虏, 被美色或爱情迷住的人adj.被俘的, 被迷住的carbohydrate；n.[化]碳水化合物, 醣类carbon；n.[化]碳(元素符号C), (一张)复写纸cardinal；n.枢机主教, 红衣主教adj.主要的, 最重要的caress；n.爱抚, 接吻vt.抚爱carpet；n.地毯carriage；n.马车, 客车, 运费, 姿态, （机械）车架carrier；n.运送者, 邮递员, 带菌者, (自行车等)行李架, 搬运器, 航空母舰n.[电]载波（信号）cart；n.大车, 手推车vt.用车装载carve；v.雕刻, 切开cassette；n.盒子, 盒式磁带cast；n.投掷, 铸件, 脱落物, 一瞥, 演员表v.投, 抛, 投射, 浇铸, 计算, 派(角色) casual；adj.偶然的, 不经意的, 临时的casualty；n.伤亡catalog；n.目录, 目录册v.编目录catalogue；n.目录catastrophe；n.大灾难, 大祸category；n.种类, 别, [逻]范畴cater；vi.备办食物, 满足(需要), 投合cathedral；n.大教堂catholic；n.天主教徒adj.天主教的cattle；n.牛, 家养牲畜caution；n.小心, 谨慎, 警告vt.警告cautious；adj.谨慎的, 小心的cease；v.停止, 终了ceiling；n.天花板, 最高限度celebrity；n.名声, 名人cement；n.水泥, 接合剂vt.接合, 用水泥涂, 巩固vi.粘牢cemetery；n.墓地, 公墓census；n.人口普查centigrade；adj.分为百度的, 百分度的, 摄氏温度的central；adj.中心的, 中央的, 重要的, 主要的, 中枢的, 走中间道路的n.<美>电话总机cereal；n.谷类食品, 谷类ceremony；n.典礼, 仪式, 礼节, 报幕员certificate；n.证书, 证明书vt.发给证明书, 以证书形式授权给...certify；v.证明, 保证chalk；n.粉笔, 白垩vt.用粉笔写, 和以白垩challenge；n.挑战vt.向...挑战chamber；n.室, 房间, 议院, 会所, (枪)膛champagne；n.香槟酒, 香槟色champion；n.冠军, 拥护者, 战士vt.拥护, 支持chancellor；n.长官, 大臣channel；n.海峡, 水道, 沟, 路线vt.引导, 开导, 形成河道信道,频道chaos；n.混乱, 混沌(宇宙未形成前的情形)chap；n.<俗>伙伴, 家伙, 小伙子, 颚, 颊v.(使)皲裂chapter；n.(书籍)章charge；n.负荷, 电荷, 费用, 主管, 掌管, 充电, 充气, 装料v.装满, 控诉, 责令, 告诫, 指示, 加罪于, 冲锋, 收费charity；n.慈善, 施舍, 慈善团体chart；n.海图, 图表vt.制图charter；vt.租, 包(船、车等)n.宪章chase；n.追赶, 追击vt.追赶, 追逐, 雕镂cheat；n.欺骗, 骗子v.欺骗, 骗取cheer；n.愉快, 欢呼v.(使)快活, (对)欢呼chef；n.厨师cheque；n.支票cherish；vt.珍爱, 怀抱(希望等)cherry；n.樱桃, 樱桃树, 如樱桃的鲜红色, <俚, 鄙>处女膜, 处女chess；n.国际象棋chin；n.下巴, 下颚chip；n.碎片, 筹码v.削成碎片, 碎裂芯片chop；n.砍, 排骨, 官印, 商标vt.剁碎, 砍, (风浪)突变chorus；n.合唱, 合唱队, 齐声chronic；adj.慢性的, 延续很长的cinema；n.电影院, 电影circuit；n.电路, 一圈, 周游, 巡回circular；adj.圆形的, 循环的n.函件通知circulate；v.(使)流通, (使)运行, (使)循环, (使)传播circumstance；n.环境, 详情, 境况circus；n.马戏团, 杂技团, 马戏场, 杂技场cite；vt.引用, 引证, 提名表扬civil；adj.全民的, 市民的, 公民的, 国民的, 民间的.民事的, 根据民法的, 文职的, 有礼貌的civilian；n.平民, 公务员, 文官adj.民间的, 民用的civilisation；n.<主英>=civilizationclaim；n.(根据权利提出)要求, 要求权, 主张, 要求而得到的东西vt.(根据权利)要求, 认领, 声称, 主张, 需要clap；n.拍手声, 霹雳声v.鼓掌, 轻拍clarify；v.澄清, 阐明clarity；n.清楚, 透明clash；n.冲突, 撞击声, 抵触v.(使)发出撞击声, 猛撞, 冲突clasp；n.扣子, 钩, 紧握, 抱住v.扣紧, 紧握, 搂抱, 密切合作clause；n.子句, 条款clay；n.粘土, 泥土, 肉体, 人体, 似黏土的东西, 陶土制的烟斗clergy；n.(集合称)圣职者, 牧师, 僧侣, 神职人员clerk；n.职员, 办事员, <美> 店员click；v.发出滴答声n.滴答声client；n.[计]顾客, 客户, 委托人cliff；n.悬崖, 绝壁climate；n.气候, 风土, 思潮climax；n.高潮, 顶点climb；v.攀登, 爬n.攀登, 爬cling；vi.粘紧, 附着, 紧贴, 坚持(意见), 墨守(习惯)clinic；n.门诊部, 临床clip；n.夹子, 回形针, 子弹夹vt.夹住, 剪短, 修剪cloak；n.斗蓬, 宽大外衣, 掩护vt.用外衣遮蔽, 披斗篷clumsy；adj.笨拙的cluster；n.串, 丛vi.丛生, 成群clutch；v.抓住, 攫住n.离合器coach；n.四轮大马车, 长途汽车, 教练v.训练, 指导coalition；n.合并, 接合, 联合coarse；adj.粗糙的, 粗鄙的cocaine；n.古柯碱,可卡因cognitive；adj.认知的, 认识的, 有感知的coherent；adj.粘在一起的, 一致的, 连贯的cohesive；adj.粘着的coil；v.盘绕, 卷coincide；vi.一致, 符合coincidence；n.一致, 相合, 同时发生或同时存在(尤指偶然)的事coke；n.可乐, 焦炭v.(使)成焦炭collaborate；vi.合作, 通敌colleague；n.同事, 同僚collection；n.收藏, 征收, 搜集品, 捐款collective；adj.集体的n.集体collide；vi.碰撞, 抵触collision；n.碰撞, 冲突colonel；n.陆军上校, 团长colonial；adj.殖民的, 殖民地的 n.殖民地居民colony；n.殖民地, 侨民, (聚居的)一群同业, 一批同行, (生物)群体column；n.圆柱, 柱壮物, 专栏, 纵队comb；n.梳子, 梳, 鸡冠, 蜂巢vi.梳(发), 搜索combat；n.战斗, 格斗v.战斗, 搏斗, 抗击combination；n.结合, 联合, 合并, 化合, 化合物combine；v.(使)联合, (使)结合n.联合企业, 联合收割机n.联合收割机comedy；n.喜剧, 喜剧性的事情comic；n.滑稽演员adj.滑稽的, 喜剧的command；n.命令, 掌握, 司令部v.命令, 指挥, 克制, 支配, 博得, 俯临commemorate；vt.纪念commence；v.开始, 着手commend；vt.称赞, 表扬, 推荐, 委托, 吸引comment；n.注释, 评论, 意见vi.注释, 评论commerce；n.商业commercial；adj.商业的, 贸易的commission；n.委任, 委托, 代办(权), 代理(权), 犯(罪), 佣金vt.委任, 任命, 委托, 委托制作, 使服役commit；vt.犯(错误), 干(坏事), 把...交托给, 提交, 答应负责committee；n.委员会commodity；n.日用品commonplace；n.平凡的事, 平常话adj.平凡的commonwealth；n.国民整体, 共和国, 联邦communicate；v.沟通, 通信, (房间、道路、花园等)相通, 传达, 感染communication；n.传达, 信息, 交通, 通讯communism；n.共产主义community；n.公社, 团体, 社会, (政治)共同体, 共有, 一致, 共同体, (生物)群落commute；v.交换, 抵偿, 减刑, <电工>整流compact；adj.紧凑的, 紧密的, 简洁的n.契约, 合同, 小粉盒companion；n.同伴, 共事者compartment；n.间隔间, 车厢compass；n.罗盘, 指南针,圆规v.包围compassion；n.同情,怜悯compatible；adj.谐调的, 一致的, 兼容的compel；vt.强迫, 迫使compensate；v.偿还, 补偿, 付报酬compensation；n.补偿, 赔偿competent；adj.有能力的, 胜任的competition；n.竞争, 竞赛compile；vt.编译, 编辑, 汇编complain；v.抱怨, 悲叹, 控诉complaint；n.诉苦, 抱怨, 牢骚, 委屈, 疾病complement；n.补足物, [文法]补语, [数]余角vt.补助, 补足complex；adj.复杂的, 合成的, 综合的n.联合体complicate；v.(使)变复杂complicated；adj.复杂的, 难解的complication；n.复杂化, (使复杂的)因素n.[医]并发症compliment；n.称赞, 恭维, 致意, 问候, 道贺vt.称赞, 褒扬, 恭维comply；vi.顺从, 答应, 遵守component；n.成分adj.组成的, 构成的composite；adj.合成的, 复合的n.合成物compound；n.混合物, [化]化合物adj.复合的v.混合, 配合comprehensive；adj.全面的, 广泛的, 能充分理解的, 包容的comprise；v.包含, 由...组成compromise；n.妥协, 折衷v.妥协, 折衷, 危及...的安全compulsory；adj.必需做的, 必修的, 被强迫的, 被强制的, 义务的conceal；vt.隐藏, 隐蔽, 隐瞒v.隐蔽concede；vt.勉强, 承认, 退让vi.让步conceive；vt.构思, 以为, 持有vi.怀孕, 考虑, 设想concentrate；v.集中, 浓缩concept；n.观念, 概念conception；n.观念, 概念concert；n.音乐会, 一致concession；n.让步concise；adj.简明的, 简练的conclude；v.结束, 终止, 决定, 作出结论vt.推断, 断定, 缔结, 议定conclusion；n.结束, 缔结, 结论concrete；adj.具体的, 有形的n.混凝土v.用混凝土修筑, 浇混凝土, 凝结condense；v.(使)浓缩, 精简condition；n.条件, 情形, 环境, 社会地位vt.以...为条件, 使达到要求的情况confer；vt.授予(称号、学位等), 赠与, 把...赠与, 协议v.协商, 交换意见conference；n.会议, 讨论会, 协商会confidential；adj.秘密的, 机密的conflict；n.斗争, 冲突vi.抵触, 冲突conform；vt.使一致, 使遵守, 使顺从vi.符合, 相似, 适应环境adj.一致的, 顺从的 confront；vt.使面临, 对抗congress；n.(代表)大会, [C～] (美国等国的)国会, 议会conjunction；n.联合, 关联, 连接词connexion；n.联系, 连结conscientious；adj.尽责的consecutive；adj.连续的, 联贯的consensus；n.一致同意, 多数人的意见, 舆论consent；vi.同意, 赞成, 答应n.同意, 赞成, 允诺consequence；n.结果, [逻]推理, 推论, 因果关系, 重要的地位consequently；adv.从而, 因此conservation；n.保存, 保持, 守恒conservative；adj.保守的, 守旧的n.保守派consist；vi.由...组成, 在于, 一致consistent；adj.一致的, 调和的, 坚固的, [数、统]相容的console；vt.安慰, 藉慰n.[计] 控制台consolidate；v.巩固conspicuous；adj.显著的conspiracy；n.共谋, 阴谋constant；n.[数、物]常数, 恒量adj.不变的, 持续的, 坚决的constituent；n.委托人, 要素adj.有选举权的；有宪法制定［修改］权的constitute；vt.制定(法律), 建立(政府), 组成, 任命constitution；n.宪法, 构造, 体质, 体格, 国体, 章程, 惯例constrain；vt.强迫, 抑制, 拘束construct；vt.建造, 构造, 创立construction；n.建筑, 建筑物, 解释, 造句consult；v.商量, 商议, 请教, 参考, 考虑consultant；n.顾问, 商议者, 咨询者contact；n.接触, 联系vt.接触, 联系contaminate；v.污染contemplate；v.凝视, 沉思, 预期, 企图contemporary；n.同时代的人adj.当代的, 同时代的contempt；n.轻视, 轻蔑, 耻辱, 不尊敬, [律]藐视法庭(或国会)contend；v.斗争, 竞争, 主张content；n.内容, 容量, 目录, 满足adj.满足的, 满意的, 愿意vt.使满足contest；n.论争, 竞赛v.,争论, 争辩, 竞赛, 争夺context；n.上下文, 文章的前后关系continent；n.大陆, 陆地continual；adj.连续的, 频繁的, 持续不断的continue；v.继续, 连续, 延伸continuous；adj.连续的, 持续的contract；n.合同, 契约, 婚约v.使缩短, 感染, 订约contradict；vt.同...矛盾, 同...抵触contradiction；n.反驳, 矛盾contrary；adj.相反的, 逆的, <口语>执拗n.反面adv.相反地contrast；vt.使与...对比, 使与...对照vi.和...形成对照n.对比, 对照, (对照中的)差异contrive；v.发明, 设计, 图谋controversial；adj.争论的, 争议的controversy；n.论争, 辩论, 论战convenience；n.便利, 方便, 有益, 有用的, 方便的用具、机械、安排等convenient；adj.便利的, 方便的convention；n.大会, 协定, 习俗, 惯例conventional；adj.惯例的, 常规的, 习俗的, 传统的conversation；n.会话, 交谈conversely；adv.倒地,逆地conversion；n.变换, 转化convert；n.皈依者vt.使转变, 转换...,使...改变信仰convict；vt.证明...有罪, 宣告...有罪n.罪犯conviction；n.深信, 确信, 定罪, 宣告有罪convince；vt.使确信, 使信服cooperative；adj.合作的, 协力的coordinate；n.同等者, 同等物, 坐标(用复数)adj.同等的, 并列的vt.调整, 整理cop；n.警官, 巡警, [纺]管纱vt.抓住copper；n.铜, 警察cord；n.绳索, 束缚cordial；n.兴奋剂, 兴奋性饮料adj.热忱的, 诚恳的, 兴奋的corner；n.角落, (街道)拐角处, (遥远的)地区, 偏僻处, 困境, 绝路vt.迫至一隅, 垄断, 使陷入绝境, 把...难住vi.相交成角, 囤积(in)corporation；n.[律]社团, 法人, 公司, 企业, <美>有限公司, (市, 镇的)自治机关, <口>大肚皮correspond；vi.符合, 协调, 通信, 相当, 相应correspondence；n.相应, 通信, 信件correspondent；n.通讯记者, 通信者corresponding；adj.相应的, 通讯的corridor；n.走廊corrode；v.使腐蚀, 侵蚀corrupt；adj.腐败的, 贪污的, 被破坏的, 混浊的, (语法)误用的vt.使腐烂, 腐蚀, 使恶化vi.腐烂, 堕落cosmic；adj.宇宙的costume；n.装束, 服装cosy；adj.舒适的, 安逸的cottage；n.村舍, 小别墅couch；n.(文学)床, 睡椅 v.(用语言)表达council；n.政务会, 理事会, 委员会, 参议会, 讨论会议, 顾问班子, 立法班子counsel；n.讨论, 商议, 辩护律师vt.劝告, 忠告counter；n.计算器, 计数器, 计算者, 柜台, 筹码adv.prep.相反地counterpart；n.副本, 极相似的人或物, 配对物coupon；n.息票, 商家的优待券courage；n.勇气, 精神course；n.过程, 经过, 进程, 方针, 路线, 跑道, 课程, 一道菜v.追猎, 急行, 运行, 流动学业court；n.法院, 庭院, 朝廷, 宫庭, 球场, 奉承, 求爱, 殷勤vt.向...献殷勤, 追求, 设法获得(他人的支持等), 博得(喝彩), 招致(失败、危险等)vi.求爱courtesy；n.谦恭, 允许, 礼貌coward；n.懦弱的人, 胆小的人crab；n.螃蟹, 类似螃蟹的动物, 脾气乖戾的人, 吹毛求疵vi.捕蟹, 偏航, 发牢骚vt.使偏航, 发脾气, 破坏crack；n.裂缝, 噼啪声v.(使)破裂, 裂纹, (使)爆裂adj.最好的, 高明的cradle；n.摇篮, 发源地, 支船架vt.将...放在摇篮内craft；n.工艺, 手艺crane；n.起重机crash；n.碰撞, 坠落, 坠毁, 撞击声, 爆裂声v.碰撞, 坠落, 坠毁, (指商业公司, 政府等)破产, 垮台crawl；vi.爬行, 蠕动, 徐徐行进n.爬行, 蠕动, 缓慢的行进credentials；n. 信任状credit；n.信任, 信用, 声望, 荣誉, [财务]贷方, 银行存款vt.相信, 信任, 把...归给creep；vi.爬, 蹑手蹑脚, 蔓延crew；n.全体人员, (工作)队vbl.crow的过去式cricket；n.[昆]蟋蟀, [运动]板球criminal；n.罪犯, 犯罪者adj.犯罪的, 犯法的, 罪恶的cripple；n.跛子v.削弱crisis；n.疾病的转折点(或转好或恶化), 决定性时刻, 危机, 危险期, 历史上的紧要关头, [医]危象, 转换期crisp；adj.脆的, 易碎的criterion；n.(批评判断的)标准, 准据, 规范critic；n.批评家, 评论家, 吹毛求疵者critical；adj.评论的, 鉴定的, 批评的, 危急的, 临界的criticise；v.批评, 吹毛求疵, 非难criticism；n.批评, 批判criticize；v.批评, 责备crow；n.乌鸦, 似乌鸦的鸟, 撬棍vi.啼叫, 报晓, (婴孩)格格地笑crowd；n.人群, 群众, 一堆(东西), 一伙v.群集, 拥挤, 挤满crown；n.王冠, 花冠, 顶vt.加冕, 顶上有, 表彰, 使圆满完成crucial；adj.至关紧要的cruel；adj.残酷的, 悲惨的, 使痛苦的crush；vt.压碎, 碾碎, 压服, 压垮, 粉碎, (使)变形crust；n.外壳, 硬壳, 面包皮vt.盖以硬皮vi.结硬皮cube；n.立方体, 立方cultivate；vt.培养, 耕作cunning；adj.狡猾的, 巧妙的, <美>漂亮的, 可爱的n.狡猾, 诡诈curb；n.路边curiosity；n.好奇心curious；adj.好奇的, 求知的, 古怪的, 爱挑剔的curl；v.(使)卷曲currency；n.流通current；adj.当前的, 通用的, 流通的, 现在的, 草写的, 最近的n.涌流, 趋势, 电流, 水流, 气流curriculum；n.课程curse；n.诅咒, 咒语, 祸根, 祸因vt.诅咒, 咒骂, 降祸, 使受罪curtain；n.窗帘, 门帘v.装上门帘curve；n.曲线, 弯曲, [棒球]曲线球, [统]曲线图表vt.弯, 使弯曲vi.成曲形customary；adj.习惯的, 惯例的cyberspace；n.电脑空间cylinder；n.圆筒, 圆柱体, 汽缸, 柱面dairy；n.牛奶场, 奶品场, 售牛奶, 奶油, 鸡蛋等的商店, 奶制品damp；n.湿气adj.潮湿的vt.使潮湿, 阻尼, 使衰减, 使沮丧, 控制, 抑止dash；n.少量(搀加物), 冲撞, 破折号, 锐气, 精力, 干劲vi.猛掷, 冲撞vt.泼溅, 使猛撞,搀和, 使破灭, 使沮丧, 匆忙完成datum的复数, [计] 资料, 数据database；n.[计] 数据库, 资料库dazzle；v.(使)眼花, 眩耀n.耀眼dean；n.(大学)院长, 主持牧师, (基督教)教长deceit；n.欺骗, 谎言deceive；v.欺骗, 行骗decent；adj.正派的, 端庄的, 有分寸的, (服装)得体的, 大方的adj.<口>相当好的、象样的decimal；adj.十进的, 小数的, 以十为基础的, 十进制n.小数decisive；adj.决定性的declaration；n.宣布, 宣言, 声明declare；vt.断言, 宣称, 宣布, 宣告, 声明, (向海关)中报进口应纳税之货物decline；vi.下倾, 下降, 下垂v.拒绝, 衰落n.下倾, 下降, 下垂, 斜面, 斜坡, 衰败, 衰落decorate；v.装饰, 为...做室内装修decrease；n.减少, 减少之量v.减少dedicate；vt.献(身), 致力, 题献(一部著作给某人)deduce；vt.推论, 演绎出deduct；vt.扣除, 演绎deed；n.行为, 事实, 功绩, 实行, 契约vt.立契转让(旧产等)deem；v.认为, 相信defeat；n.击败, 战胜, 失败vt.击败, 战胜, 使失败, 挫折v.击败defect；n.过失, 缺点defence；n.防卫, 防卫设备n.[律](被告的)答辩、辩护defend；vt.防护, 辩护, 防卫, [律]作...的辩护律师defense；n.(D-)(美国)国防部, 防卫, 防卫物vt.谋划抵御deficiency；n.缺乏, 不足deficit；n.赤字, 不足额define；vt.定义, 详细说明definite；adj.明确的, 一定的definition；n.定义, 解说, 精确度, (轮廓影像等的)清晰度defy；vt.不服从, 公然反抗, 藐视, 挑衅, 违抗, 使...难于n.挑战degenerate；adj.退化的v.退化delegate；n.代表vt.委派...为代表deliberate；adj.深思熟虑的, 故意的, 预有准备的v.商讨delicate；adj.精巧的, 精致的, 病弱的, 脆弱的, 微妙的, 棘手的, 灵敏的, 精密的delight；n.快乐, 高兴, 喜悦v.(使)高兴, (使)欣喜demand；n.要求, 需求(量), 需要v.要求, 需要, 要求知道, 查询democracy；n.民主政治, 民主主义democratic；adj.民主的, 民主主义的, 民主政体的, 平民的demonstrate；vt.示范, 证明, 论证vi.示威denial；n.否认, 否定, 谢绝, 拒绝denote；vt.指示, 表示。
博士入学考试英语中常见的翻译词汇
分类词汇:homogeneous同质的反义词：heterogeneousdialect方言 (v.s. accent)discrepancy差异misconception误解 (mis + concept + ion)= misunderstanding barrier障碍(物) bar, = barricadediscrimination区别、歧视 racial ~， discriminate (+against) hierarchy等级制度 heir(继承人) + arch(govern) + yinsularity岛国性质 (insular, island)British industry has often been criticized for its linguistic insularity.microcosm小天地 micro + cosm(os)nostalgia=homesickness, patriot爱国者 patriotic, patriotism notoriety恶名 (notorious)counterpart 对应人，对等物 counterculture, counterbalance peer 同等的人凝视，窥视(~ peep)subordinate下级下级的 superiortactics战术，技巧 v.s. strategy(战略，策略)marketing strategy v.s. selling tactics nuance ﹦ a subtle difference in meaning compatriot同胞 , 同胞的 com + patriotvernacular本地的，本国,本地话，本国话 the vernacular languages of India . Hispanic whose first language was Spanish immigration移入 immigrant, immigrate；emigration迁出 (emigrant, emigrate)antipodes： opposite sidespermeate渗透，弥漫 Smoke permeated the house. entrepreneur企业家 enterprise entrepreneurship practitioner开业者，从业者 praction (practice) + er celebrity： a famous person= luminary, VIPproxy代理人anecdote轶事 (anecdotal)benchmarking类比分析punctual准时的，守时的 ( punctuality) absenteeism 旷工 absent absentee 缺席者flextime 弹性工作时间 flex(flexible) + time harass 骚扰 (harassment)redundancy 冗余，冗员 network redundancy downsize 裁员 ( lay off)ballot 投票 (= vote)impartial 不偏不倚的 (partial)lobby 大堂(n.) 游说(v.)dubbing 配音录制vogue 时尚bizarre 奇异的 weird (怪异的)mediocre 平庸的dietitian 饮食学家 (diet)connoisseur 行家，鉴赏家equilibrium 平衡，均衡questionnaire 调查表，问卷quantitative 定量的contingency 偶然性，偶然事件incur 招致 debts/hatred/danger occur 发生, concur 同意一致, recur 复发ethical 伦理的，符合伦理的 ethics, unethicaldubious 疑惑的，可疑的 (doubt) be dubious about manifestation 显示，证明 ( manifest)subtitle 字幕，副标题 subsidiary 辅助的, submarine 潜水, subway 地铁, suburb 乡镇考博英语翻译中可能涉及的热点词汇总裁助理： assistant president综合治理： comprehensive treatment安居工程： housing project for low-income urban residents信息化： information-based; informationization智力密集型： concentration of brain power; knowledge-intensive外资企业： overseas-funded enterprises下岗职工： laid-off workers分流： reposition of redundant personnel 过剩人员的重新定位三角债： chain debts素质教育： education for all-round development豆腐渣工程： jerry-built projects 草率的社会治安情况： law-and-order situation民族国家： nation state台独： independence of Taiwan台湾当局： Taiwan authorities台湾同胞： Taiwan compatriots台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分： Taiwan is an inalienable part of the Chinese territory.西部大开发： Development of the West Regions可持续性发展： sustainable development风险投资： risk investment通货紧缩： deflation扩大内需： to expand domestic demand计算机辅助教学： computer-assisted instruction (CAI)网络空间： cyberspace虚拟现实： virtual reality网民： netizen (net citizen)电脑犯罪： computer crime电子商务： the e-business网上购物： shopping online应试教育： exam-oriented education学生减负： to reduce study load下岗： laid-off workers下海： plunge into the commercial sea下网： off line小康之家： well-off family; comfortably-off family新秀： up-and-coming star, rising star新新人类： New Human Being； X Generation信息港： info port形象小姐/先生： image representative of a product or a brand虚拟网： virtual net学生处： students' affairs division (分配、分派)研究生毕业证/学位证： graduate diploma/ graduate degree's diploma 摇钱树： cash cow以人为本： people oriented; people foremost义务教育： compulsory education易拉罐： pop can应试教育： examination-oriented education system舆论导向： direction of public opinion运球： dribble在职博士生： on-job doctorate早恋： puppy love招生就业指导办公室： enrolment and vocation guidance office (职业)证券营业部： stock exchange; security exchange知识产权： intellectual property rights中专生： secondary specialized or technical school student中流砥柱： mainstay, chief corner stone专卖店： exclusive agency; franchised store (营业权)自我保护意识： self-protection awareness综合国力： comprehensive national strength综合业务数字网： integrated service digital network (ISDN)公正、公平、公开： just, fair and open好莱坞大片： Hollywood blockbuster (大轰动)黄金时段： prime time假唱： lip-synch(同步)劲射： power shot拉拉队： cheering squad(小组、班级)来电显示电话机： caller ID telephone论文答辩： (thesis) oral defense泡沫经济： bubble economy票贩子： scalper, ticket tout (兜售)拳头产品： competitive products; knock-out products; blockbuster三角恋爱： love triangle三维动画片： three-dimensional animation"扫黄"、"打非"： eliminate pornography and illegal publications (色情)申办奥运会： bid for the Olympic Games实现中华民伟大复兴： bring about a great rejuvenation of the Chinese Nation (复兴，中华民族)市场疲软： sluggish market (停滞的，萧条的)素质教育： education for all-around development筒子楼： tube-shaped apartment脱贫致富： cast (shake, throw) off poverty and set out on a road to prosperity (繁荣、昌盛)网吧： Internet bar网恋： online love affair网上冲浪： surf the Internet网上交易平台： online trading platform网友： net friend无人售票： self-service ticketing无绳来电显示电话： cordless telephone with caller ID无线应用协议： WAP (wireless application protocol )附录:英语翻译与写作常用动宾词组一、政治类：把…捐给慈善机构：donate …to charities把…看成社会公敌：look upon … as a threat to society把…列为基本国策：list… ..as fundamental national policies把…作为指导：take… as the guide把理论和实际结合起来：integrate theory with practice …把握大局： grasp the overall situation摆脱贫穷落后： get rid of poverty and backwardness保护妇女权利不受侵犯：guarantee (protect) women’s rights against infringement采取各种措施： adopt various measures参政、议政： participate in the management of State affairs充满信心和力量： be filled with confidence and strength打破僵局： break the deadlock打破禁区： break off a forbidden zone得出结论： draw ( arrive at， come to reach ) a conclusion锻造一支人民军队：forge a people’s army对…具有深远的影响： have a far-reaching impact on对…做出重要(巨大)贡献： make important (great, major )contributions to反对各种形式的恐怖主义： be opposed to all forms of terrorism反腐倡廉： combat corruption and build a clean government高举伟大旗帜： hold high the great banner (旗帜)给…带来机遇和挑战： present (bring) both opportunities and challenges to根除 (防止，消除)腐败： root out (prevent, eliminate) corruption观察当今世界： observe the present-day world缓和紧张状况： ease the tension回顾奋斗历程： review the course of struggle加快改革步伐： accelerate the speed of reform加强舆论监督： ensure that the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion坚持改革开放政策： adhere to the reform and open policy坚持统一，反对分裂，增加：persist in reunification,，oppose separation, increase了解，化解歧见： understanding and iron out differences减轻农民负担：alleviate farmer’s burden解放思想： emancipate our minds (解放)解决温饱问题： solve the problem of food and clothing解决新问题： resolve new problems进入世界先进行列： edge into the advanced ranks in the world进入新时期： enter a new period进行和谈： hold peace talks进行战略性调整： make strategic readjustment就…接受妥协： accept a compromise on开发西部： remake the west (再制，改造)开始生效： go into effect (enter into force)开拓前进： open up new ways forward科教兴国：rejuvenate our country through science and education (恢复) 理顺关系：rationalize the relationship (使合理化)履行权利和义务：perform the responsibilities and obligations迈出重要的一步：make an important step热爱和平：love peace深化改革：deepen the reform审时度势：size up the situation (打量，估计)实现发展繁荣：bring about development and prosperity实现民族独立：realize national independence实现夙愿：fulfill the long-cherished wishes实现小康目标：achieve the goal of ensuring our people a relative comfortable life (确保)实现中华民族伟大复兴：bring about a great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation实行新政策：practice new policies受到全世界广泛关注：attract extensive attention worldwide缩小差别：bridge (narrow) the gap完成中华民族的振兴大业：implement the revitalization of our nation 维护世界和平：maintain world peace吸收各国文明的先进成：absorb what is advanced in other civilizations 下放权力给：delegate the management of ... (to ...) (委托，代表，授权；管理)退还大量钱款：give back an amount of money脱贫致富：cast (shake, throw) off poverty and set out on a road to prosperity完善服务：perfect services为… 带来多种经济和社会效益：bring multiple economic and social benefits to…为…提供巨大商机：present huge business opportunities吸收游资：absorb idle fund吸引外商投资：attract foreign investment下海：plunge into the commercial sea陷入困境：land oneself in deep trouble向…投资巨额资金：invest huge amounts of money into消灭假冒伪劣产品：wipe out fake products以经济建设为中心：focus on the central task of economic construction 以质量求生存、求发展、求效益：strive for survival, development and efficiency on the basis of equality (努力，反抗)优胜劣汰：select the superior and eliminate the inferior优先发展公共运输：give priority to the development of public transportation有巨大潜力：have huge potential for与国际市场接轨：integrate with the world market; become integrated into the global market在… 建立分公司：set up branches in造成很大压力：pose a big pressure on造成损失：cause a loss to增加农业投入：invest more in agriculture占领市场10%：occupy (take，account for ) 10 percent of the market (占；考虑)招商引资：attract (bid for, invite) investments (from overseas)制订… 法律：make a law of制定优惠政策：work out favorable policy制造假象：create smoke screens to do阻碍… 的经济发展：handicap(hamper) the economic development 阻止人才流失：stop the talent flight (brain drain)遵循市场经济的规律：follow the law of market economy三、文化生活类不注重历史：neglect history把… 列为世界自然文化遗产：list …as a world natural heritage site摆架子(摆谱儿)：put on airs (show off，keep up appearances)(外表) 保护文化遗产：protect cultural heritage (relics)(遗物，文物)博采各国文化之长：draw on strong point of the cultures of other countries (优点)采取保护态度：take protective attitude承担应有的义务：undertake the due obligations承前启后，继往开来：build on the past and prepare for the future，inherit the past and usher in the future(引导，引入)充分发挥知识分子的积极性和创造性：give full play to the initiative and creativity of intellectuals触击现行法律的盲区：touch a blank area of the existing law (现存的) 创建卫生城市：build a nationally advanced clean city辞旧迎新：bid farewell to the old and usher in the new (ring out the old year and ring in the new) (命令，吩咐；宣布离去，包围)从事电子商务工作：conduct e-commerce (引导，实施)促进儿童身心健康发展：promote the healthy development of children both physically and mentally(身心)促进交流：promote the communication促进文化市场健康发展：facilitate the sound development of the markets for cultural products( 推进，促进)促进相互了解：enhance (further) mutual understanding得到群众的广泛支持：enjoy grass-root support抵住… 的诱惑：resist the temptation of对…持欢迎态度：take a welcoming attitude to对…情有独钟：show special preference (favor) to发挥…的聪明才智：develop one’s own talents and wisdom发挥潜力：tap one’s potential繁荣文学艺术：enable literature and art to flourish；promote flourishingliterature and art反映中国的灿烂文化：reflect the rich culture of China放下架子：relinquish haughty airs (get off one’s high horse；throw off one’s airs) (松开，放开；傲慢的，自大的)腐蚀人的灵魂：poison one’s mind (毒物，有害之物)改进教学：improve teaching and learning给学生减负：alleviate the burden on students和… 持相同观点：share views similar to互派访问学者：exchange visiting scholars激发旅游热情：stimulate enthusiasm for traveling继承历史文化优秀传统：carry on the fine cultural traditions handed from history；carry on the fine historical and cultural traditions加强文化基础设施建设：build more cultural establishments讲诚信，反欺诈：honor credibility and oppose cheating (可信性) 交换意见：exchange views (ideas, opinions)教书育人：impart knowledge and educate people (传授，告知)经受住暴风雨的考验：weather the storm(处境，境遇)精心编写教材：compile the textbooks with great care净化因特网：purify the Net举办文化节( 展览会)：hold (conduct, give) cultural festivals (an exhibition)举行学术会议：hold an academic meeting开创假日经济：initiate Holiday Economy开发潜力：exploit one’s potential开阔视野：widen one’s vision (horizon)开设课程：offer courses开展对外文化交流：conduct cultural exchange with other countries开展群众性文化活动：carry out mass activities on culture攀登事业的高峰：climb one’s career ladder评估学业成绩：evaluate academic scores (achievements)破除迷信：eradicate superstition (根除，消灭；迷信，盲目崇拜) 普及九年制义务教育：make nine-year compulsory education universal 普及科普知识，传播科学思想，倡导科学精神：popularize scientific and technological knowledge，spread scientific thought and advocate the scientific spirit启发学生：enlighten the students容纳三千名旅客：accommodate 3000 passengers扫除文盲：eliminate (wipe out) illiteracy上网：get on (have access to , be wired to) Internet实施以德育为核心来挑选选手：carry on the quality education centering on moral education to choose players同教练反应一致：share the same reaction with their coach为奥林匹克运动和世界和平做出贡献：make contribution to the Olympics movement and world peace卫冕世界冠军：regain world champion(收复，恢复；蝉联冠军) 吸引中国大学生优秀选手：attract China’s top university players向世界顶级球队学习：learn from the world’s top teams与对手较量： take on an opponent与强队竞争： compete with strong teams增进友谊： strengthen friendship展示技能：demonstrate their skills展示中国足球的最新发展：demonstrate(show) the latest development of China’s soccer支持北京申办 2008 年奥运会：support Beijing’s bid for the 2008 Olympic Games主办奥运会：host the Olympic Games主办中国大学生篮球联赛：sponsor the China University Basketball Association league抓住练习和学习的机会：grasp the chance to practise and learn响应号召：respond to the call修改法律：amend the laws宣布… 召开：announce the opening of徇私枉法：bend the law for the benefit of relatives or friends依法治国：govern the country according to law引起全国的关注：arouse the concern of the whole nation引起全世界广泛关注： attract extensive attention worldwide赢得一个又一个胜利：win one victory after another在… 中起(至关)重要作用： play a major(crucial, an important ) role in 增强凝聚力：enhance the rally power(重整，集合)增强综合国力和国际竞争： enhance comprehensive(overall) national strength and international competitiveness展望伟大征程： look into the great journey展现生机和活力：display one’s vigor and vitality战胜无数的困难： overcome numerous difficulties振兴西部：revive the west振兴中华民族：rejuvenate(revitalize) our nation政企不分： mix up the functions of the government and enterprises政企分开：separate government functions from enterprise management 政务公开： make government affairs public主张各国政府采取行动：urge governments of all countries to takeaction抓住机遇：seize the opportunity转变政府职能：transform(shift) the government functions追求进步：pursue progress追求真理：seek the truth走进新时代：march(stride) into the new era.遵纪守法、廉洁奉公： observe the relevant code of conduct and the lawand honestly perform one's official duties (规则，惯例；指挥，引导；执行，履行，完成)遵循规则： follow the principles二、经济类爱岗敬业： cherish posts and devote wholeheartedly to work (全神贯注地，把…奉献给…)保持国民经济发展的良好势头： maintain a good momentum of growth in the national economy (动力，势头)保持国有股： keep the State-held shares保证下岗职工的基本生活：guarantee the basic needs of laid-off workers被指控接受贿赂： be accused of accepting bribes采取不同的办法：adopt various methods采取反垄断措施： take anti-monopoly measures承担风险：bear(take) risk筹集足够的资金：raise enough funds (capital, proceeds) (收益，收入) 创收外汇：earn foreign exchange (currency) (货币，流通)刺激国内经济需求：spur domestic demand刺激国内需求：stimulate domestic demand从粗放经济转变为集约经济：shift from extensive economy tointensive economy从国外引进先进技术和管理经验：introduce from abroad the advanced technology and management expertise促进地区间的合作：promote regional cooperation促进改革： promote reform促进全球经济一体化：foster integration with the global economy打黑：crack down on speculation and profiteering (制裁；思索，投机；倒卖；投机倒把)打假：take strong measures against fake and shoddy products(crack down on counterfeit goods) (伪劣的，假冒的)打破垄断： break the monopoly对…提出控告(投诉)：lodge complaints against…对…造成(构成)威胁： form (pose) a threat to…夺回失去的市场：take back lost market发挥自身优势：give full play to one’s advantages (小心，谨慎)防范和化解金融风险： take precautions against and reduce financial risks 改善投资环境：improve the environment for investment赶超先进：surpass the advanced给… 带来积极影响： bring a more positive impact on…根据市场作出调整：gear ourselves to the market orientation公证财产：notarize the properties (对…公正)和…达成(签订)协议：reach(sign) an agreement with (签字) 和…进一步合作：further cooperation with和…有合作关系： have cooperative ties with活跃市场：enliven the market集中精力把经济建设搞上去：go all out for economic development (全力以赴)计算出准确的工资水平： figure out an exact salary level加快经济发展和结构调整：speed up economic development and restructuring加快竞争步伐：accelerate the competition加快努力： speed up efforts加强风险防范：prepare oneself against possible risks加强管理：reinforce the management减缓通货紧缩的压力：ease the seriousness of deflation减轻… 的负担： reduce (lighten) the burden of (on)减员增效： downsize for efficiency; cut payroll to improve efficiency(效能，功效；薪金总额)剪彩： cut the ribbon(缎带，丝带)解除劳动关系：sever labor relation(断绝，中断)解放生产力：emancipate the productive forces ( free the productivity) 精简机构：streamline government organs (使简单化)竟争上岗： compete for the post举报非法行为：disclose any illegal activities (揭露，公开)开辟更多渠道： open more channels开发(青睐)中国市场：tap(favor) the Chinese market开拓市场：exploit markets控制通货膨胀： control inflation(keep inflation under control)扩大贫富差距：widen the gap between the rich and the poor扩大消费市场：expand consumption market留职停薪：retain the job but suspend the salary(维持，悬挂，中止) 面对可能的压力和竞争：face possible pressure and competition牟取暴利：seek excessive profits平衡经济(的发展)： balance economy取缔非法收入： ban unlawful incomes (illegal earnings)让…处于同一起跑线：put… on the same platform and at the same starting point让位于竞争需要：give way to the need for competition申请专利： apply for a patent实现目标： realize the goal适应… 的发展： adapt oneself to the development of损失惨重： suffer great losses缩小不平衡状态： decrease the imbalance缩小… 间的距离： narrow the gap between提高公务员工资： raise the salaries of civil servants提高管理水平：raise the management level提高居民生活：improve residents’standard of living调整产业结构：adjust the industrial structure推广科研成果精神：turn laboratory achievements into commercial以创新和实践为重点：emphasizing creativity and practice使英语达到更高水平：push one’s English to a higher level受到… 的关注：receive attention from疏导游客：divert tourists疏通关系：lubricate relationships (给…加润滑油)树立企业良好形象：foster a good and healthy company image刷卡, 划卡：punch the card; stamp the card(用力按；邮戳)陶冶情操：cultivate one’s taste(temperament)提倡文明的生活方式：advocate civilized lifestyle (way of life)提高公务员的综合素质： improve the overall quality of civil servants 提高全民反毒品的意识： raise the consciousness of the entire people vs. drugs提高知名度：raise one’s prestige提供受教育机会：offer a chance of education通过资格考试：pass qualification examinations透过现象看本质：see through the appearance to perceive the essence 推动人类文明进步：push forward human civilization挖墙脚：undermine the foundation of sth. (cut the ground from under sb’s feet)物质文明，精神文明一起抓： pay equal attention to (place equal emphasis on) the material progress and cultural(ethical) progress相互促进： help each other forward向世界展示中国文化建设的成就：introduce China’s achievements of cultural advancement to the world向学生传授知识：impart knowledge to students消除误解：clear up misunderstanding消除愚昧：eliminate ignorance形成文明、健康、崇尚科学的社会风尚： form civilized, healthy and science-upholding social practice以全新的面貌进入新世纪： enter the new century with a brand-new colorful look因材施教： teach students according to their aptitude(倾向，天资) 引起激烈争论：spark a hot debate营造良好的文化环境：create a healthy cultural environment影响身心健康：affect physical and psychological health有力地推动教育的发展：give a big push to the development of education与各国人民交往：communicate with people of all countries增强自我保护意识：strengthen one’s awareness of protecting one’s right 找工作：hunt for a job值得重视(关注)：deserve one’s attention制止盗版软件： control the pirated software重视(优先考虑)教育发展：give priority to the development of education 重视实用性：place stress on practicality尊重知识，尊重人才：respect knowledge and respect competent people 四、科技环保类帮助减缓全球变暖速度： help slow down the pace of global warming 保持生态平衡： keep ecological balance保持水土：preserve soil and water保护和改善生活环境，保护珍稀野生动植物： protect and improve the living environment and the protect rare wild animals and plants保留为自然耕地：reserve as natural farmland采用环保技术：adopt environmental protection technique采用新的开采方法：apply new exploitation methods参加城市重建： participate in the reconstruction of the city参加环保运动：take part in environmental protection activities产生巨大的水文效应： produce great hydrological effects崇尚绿色生活方式：pursue a“green”life创造良好的生态环境：create a pleasant ecological environment促进城市可持续发展：promote the sustainable development of the city 发展太阳能： develop solar energy防治污染：prevent and control pollution非常注重保护森林： pay great attention to the conservation of forest 改善生态环境： improve the eco-environment(ecological environment) 关闭化工厂：close chemical plants加大污染治理力度：strengthen pollution control加强城市绿化： strengthen the greening of the city加强环境保护： strengthen environmental protection加强生态建设： improve the eco-construction加强水土保持： reinforce the conservation of water and soil坚持门前三包制度： adhere to “the three responsibilities in the gate area”减少机动车辆： reduce the number of vehicles减少浪费： reduce waste揭开人类生命的奥秘：decode the secret of human life进一步加快环保规划： further speed up environmental protection plans 禁止露天焚烧：prohibit burning out in the open开展保护野生动物宣传教育：advocate to educate the public the protection of wild animals开展绿色活动： advocate green activities扩建管道网络： expand the pipe network普及环保知识：popularize environmental protection knowledge窃取密码：snatch password窃取知识产权：lift intellectual property实行严格的机动车排放标准：implement strict vehicle emission standards使电脑死机： crash computers使用再生纸： use recycle paper探索… 的奥秘：probe the mysteries of淘汰或改造燃煤锅炉：eliminate or convert coal-burning boilers提高环境管理水平：raise the environmental management level提高居民的环保和生态意识：improve residents’ environmental and ecological awareness提高清洁能源的比重：increase the supply of clean energy resources 投放电脑病毒：unleash viruses完善城市基础设施建设：perfect the construction of urban infrastructure 为大量野生动植物提供栖息地：provide habitats for a huge number of wild animals and plants为人类提供水和食物：supply water and food for human beings享受国家一级保护：enjoy first-class protection of the State削减污物排放：decrease the disposal of pollutants抑制传染病的传播：strain the spread of infectious diseases引发一系列的问题：result in a series of problems预防爱滋病蔓延：prevent the widespread of AIDS增强环境意识：enhance the awareness of the importance of (raise the consciousness about) environmental protection战胜非典：defeat SARS治理沙地和水土流失问题：tackle the problems of sand and soil erosion 注重节约资源：attach importance to saving resources五、人口类不服从父母：disobey their parents倡导人力资源管理：advocate the management of human resources调查性和婚姻状况：conduct a survey on sex and marriage对子女寄予厚望：pin great hopes on their children反映人们的私生活：reflect people’s private lives鼓励创建文明家庭：encourage the idea of “Civilized Families”过孤独的生活：lead an isolated life坚持计划生育的基本国策：stick to the basic state policy for family planning进行全国人口普查：carry out national population census禁止他人作克隆人的实验：inhibit others from doing human cloning experiments开辟人类历史新纪元：start a new chapter in the history of human控制人口数量(增长)：control the population size (growth)实现向低出生、低死亡、低：bring about a transition to the modern population reproduction自然增长的现代人口再生产类型的转变：pattern characterized by a low birth rate, low death rate and low natural growth rate损害人类社会的道德观：damage the morality of human society缩小代沟：narrow the gap提倡晚婚晚育：encourage late marriage and late childbirth提出离婚：ask for a divorce提高人口素质：improve the population quality维护和促进人民的生存权和发展权：safeguard and promote the peo ple’s rights to subsistence and development维护人权和不断改善人权状况：safeguard human rights and steadily improve the human rights situation享受优越的生活条件：enjoy good living condition显示明显的差异：display a marked difference优化人口结构：optimize the population structure优生优育：bear and rear better children占总人口的10%：account for 10% of the total population造成不同的思想和观念：result in a different ideology and concepts造福人类和科学：benefit mankind and science正确处理经济发展同人口、资源、环境的关系：correctly handlethe relationship of economic development versus (with) population，natural resources and environment征求父母的意见：ask for her parents’ opinion挣零花钱：earn their pocket money重视人口老年化问题：pay attention to the problem of an aging population逐渐削弱长辈的权威：undermine the authority of the older generation 尊重和保障人权：respect and guarantee human rights六、体育类避开与… 比赛：avoid playing against标志一个历史时刻：mark a historic time表现完美：give some very good performance剥夺冠军：strip the gold medal of somebody采取新的计分方法：adopt a new scoring system参加火炬接力：participate in the torch-relay参加热身赛：take part in a key warm-up game参加申办活动：articipate in the bidding campaigns超过世界记录：surpass the world record成为国家的骄傲：ecome the pride of the nation创新世界纪录：set a new world record到国际体育标准：reach the standard for international games打败比利时队：defeat Belgium打破恶性循环：break the wretched cycle打破世界纪录：beat (break, cut) the world record (for …)担任中国国家队主教练：serve as the head coach of the Chinese national team夺冠：take the crown反对使用兴奋剂：oppose the use of performance-enhancing drugs符合举办奥运会的要求：meet the requirements of hosting the Olympic Games更具进攻性：become more aggressive鼓舞队员的士气：boost the morale of the team members获得认可：gain recognition获得团体冠军：win the team title激发中国青年的雄心壮志：fuel the ambitions of Chinese youths急于获胜：gain an eagerness to win建立职业联赛和俱乐部：set up a professional league and clubs角逐世界杯：compete for the World Cup满意抽签结果：satisfy with the draw面对强手：face strong rivals鸣笛终止比赛：blow a whistle to stop the end of the match配备各种设施：furnish and equip with all facilities取得经验：gain experience取得世界杯决赛资格：qualify for the World Cup finals确保中国进入决赛：ensure China’s appearance in the final申奥：bid (apply) for being the host country of the Olympics失去男子单打冠军：miss out on men’s singles gold实现零的突破：fulfill the zero (gold medal, medal, etc) breakthrough 使其他选手相形见绌：dwarf other athletes使生命焕发活力：wake up one’s life使中国以3 ∶2 取胜：give the Chinese a 3-2 victory提出比赛建议：make comments on the contests提高中国队的水平：raise the level of the Chinese team。
(语法部分)博士入学英语
Verb:
虚拟语气的特殊表现形式： 虚拟语气的特殊表现形式： 介词短语表示虚拟： but for, but that…, in case of, otherwise, supposing, under more favourable condition, without 等表示让步假设
– He worked very hard; otherwise he might have failed. – We could have done better under more favorable conditions
– We dare not play jokes on Mr. Wang lest he should become angry. – He hurried on, lest he should drop out in the forced match. – Every attention must be paid to him lest he (should) (should) feel that he is inferior to my other guests. 。) – He’s working hard for fear that he should fail in the exam.
Pronoun
习惯用法：
– – – – – – – – He is nothing but a singer. 他只不过是个唱歌的。 Nothing but a miracle can save us. 只有奇迹才能救我们。 She is anything but beautiful. 她并不美。 John is anything but a liar. 约翰决不是个骗子。 He has seen something of life. 他略有阅历。 略有阅历 I’m something of a cook. 我略懂烹饪。 He is not much of a scholar. 他算不上个很好(高明)的学者。 他算不上个很好(高明) The new arrival was none other than the President.
博士入学常考固定词组
常考固定词组动词短语：break away脱离，逃跑break in 闯入，打断break into 闯入break off 断绝，结束break out突发，爆发break through突破break up终止，结束，打碎bring about 带来，造成bring down 打倒，挫伤bring forth 产生，提出bring forward 提出bring out 使出现，公布bring to 使恢复知觉bring up 教育，培养burn out 烧掉burn up烧尽call for 邀请，要求call forth 唤起，引起call off 放弃，取消call on/upon 拜访call up 召集carry off 夺去carry on继续下去carry out 贯彻，执行back and forth 来回，往返back off 让步，退却back up 支持check in 办登记手续check out 结帐后离开check upon 校对，检查clear away 扫除clear up 整理，收拾，澄清come off 实现，成功come on 清，来吧come out 出版，come round/around 来访，苏醒come through 经历，脱险come to 达到，符合come true 实现，达到come up with 提出，提供cut across走捷径cut back削减，降低cut down 减少cut in插嘴，打断cut out删除cut short突然停止die off相继死去die down渐渐消失，平息die out 消失，灭绝get along with进展，相处get away离开，逃脱get down to开始，着手get in进入，收集get off下车，动身，get out of逃避，改掉get over克服get better of占上风，胜过get through结束，完成get together集合give away泄露，分送give back送还give in投降give off 释放give out分发，放出give up放弃give way to给…让路go after追求go ahead开始go along with随行，赞同go by过去go for支持go into进入，研究go off爆炸，动身go on继续，发生go over检查，复习go through经历，经受go with伴随，协调hang about 闲荡hang on继续，稍等hang up挂断电话in haste急忙hold back退缩，阻止hold on坚持hold on to紧紧抓住hold up举起，支持，阻挡keep back阻止keep down控制，镇压keep from使不做keep off不接近keep on继续keep out of躲开，置身之外keep to 坚持keep up保持keep up with跟上knock down撞到knock out击倒，击昏lay aside搁置一边lay down放下，制定lay off解雇lay out陈列let down使沮丧let go放开let in 让进入let off放（炮，烟火），开枪let out放掉，发出live on/by靠…生活live through度过，经受过live up to做到，不辜负fall behind落后fall back on求助于fall in with符合look after照顾look back回顾look down on轻视look for寻找look into 调查look on观看look out留神look over察看，调查look through仔细察看，浏览look up to尊敬make for走向make out看清make up 构成make up for弥补pass away去世pass off中止pass out昏倒pay back偿还pay off还清债务，得益，有报偿pay up全部付清pick up获得，回升，接人the sales picked up after a recessionpick out挑选pull down拆毁pull off 脱衣帽等pull out拔出，度过难关pull out of the economic crisisput away放好，收好put down 记下，镇压put forward提出put off推迟put on穿上，体重增加put out熄灭，消灭put up建立put up with容忍run for竞选run into撞上run out of耗尽run over浏览set about开始set aside留出set back推迟，延缓set down放下，记下set forth阐明，陈述set off出发，使发生set out陈列，动身set up建立show in领入show off炫耀show up出现stand by袖手旁观，支持stand for代表stand out突出stand up for维护take…as..把…作为take after相象take apart拆卸take away消除take down记下take…for把…看成是take in吸收，欺骗take off脱下，起飞take on呈现，从事take over接管take to喜欢，亲近take ….for granted想当然talk back回嘴talk into说服talk sb into doingpersuade sb to doturn down关小，拒绝turn in交出turn into变成turn off关掉，断开turn on接通turn out结果是turn over转移，移交turn to救助于turn up出现take turns轮流count on依靠count up 相加draw up草拟dress up打扮漂亮drop by 顺便来访drop off减弱，减少drop out 退出do away with废除dwell on凝思cross out删去，取消derive from来自stem fromwrite off报废，注销leave behind留下leave out遗漏in step同步，合拍step by step逐步step up提高，加快out of step不协调step in介入stick out伸出，突出stick to坚持名词短语：by accident 偶然incident eventby chanceaccount for 说明占I have threereasons accounting for thisproblem.on account of 由于take…into account/consideration考虑give serious thought toserious thought has been given toover the past 10 years, seriousthought has been given toenvironmental protection.take advantage of 利用in the air 在流行中，传播中make allowance for 考虑，顾及in alliance with与…联盟at the best 充其量，至多make the best of充分利用in bulk大批，散装in any case 无论如何in no case 绝不in case 万一in chorus 一齐，一致around/round the clock 昼夜不停keep company with 与…交往/结伴accompany companion partnerby comparison 比较起来in consequence 因此on the condition that 条件是in connection with/to 关于on the contrary 相反in contrast to 与…相反out of control 失控under control在控bring…undercontrolat all costs不惜任何代价，无论如何at the cost of以…代价on cue恰好在这个时候take one’s cue from学…样子，听劝告in danger危险中out of danger脱离危险out of date过期outdated oldfashioned in fashionto date到目前为止up to date时新的take delight in喜欢enjoyno doubt无疑，必定off duty下班on duty当班bring into effect使生效in effect 有效，实际上take effect生效，起作用in essence 大体，本质上at all events无论如何in any event无论如何in the event of万一with the exception of除..外except except forin excess of超过in a sense从某种意义上说make sense有意义in sequence依次a series of一系列seriousby way of经由give way让步in a way在某种程度上in one’s way/in the way妨碍make/fight one’s way前进make way开路，让路catch fire着火set fire to点燃be on a diet节食make a difference 有影响at work 在工作，忙于out of work失业career occupation work job profession work out解决，算出work out a solution to ….work up引起，逐渐上升cast/throw light on/upon使明白，阐明in the light of按照in view of鉴于，考虑到with a view to 目的是in line排成一行in line with与一致line up排队little by little逐渐out of order混乱in order秩序井然put in order整理on the verge of接近于all at once突然all of suddenat once立刻once for all一劳永逸once more再次take pains尽力，煞费苦心in place在适当的位置out of place不得其所的in place of代替in the first place首先in the last place最后take place发生take the place of代替come to the point说到要点on the point of即将…的时候point out指出to the point切题bring/put…into practice实施in practice在实践中out of practice久不练习，荒疏by nature天生in nature本质上on occasion有时all the time一直at a time每次at no time决不at one time曾经from time to time有时in no time立刻in time及时，不久on time准时once upon a time从前take one’s time不急不忙by the same token同样地keep in touch保持联系out of touch失去联系touch on关系到within one’s reachout of reachkeep track of跟踪lose track失去联系by turns轮流in turn依次，轮流by all means必定by no means决不by means of借助于at the moment现在for a moment一会儿for the moment暂时in a moment立刻more or less或多或少no more不再no more than不过，仅仅at most最多at leastmake the most of充分利用in honor of为纪念on one’s honor以名誉担保介词：apart from 除去..外aside from除去..外on behalf of 代表Ladies and Gentlemen,On behalf of our school, Iwould like to extend mysincere/warm welcome to you.to and fro来来回回in general通常on guard警惕in half一半at intervals不时in itself本身at large一般at least至少in the least一点，丝毫not…inthe leastat length最后，详细地at leisure从容，有空before long不久long before 很久以前for long长久地no longer不再at a loss困惑，不知所措in memory of纪念at the mercy of在…支配下by mistake错误地in proportion to成比例in public公开at random随机at any rate无论如何on a large/small scale大/小规模地ahead of schedule提前behind schedule晚点on schedule按预定时间与身体有关catch one’s eye引人注目keep an eye on留意，照看catch sb.'s eye 醒目；显眼；引人注意have an eye for 有判断力in the eyes of the law 根据法律keep one's eyes open （常与for 连用）时刻提防open sb.'s eyes to 使人认清see eye to eye（常与with连用）意见一致shut one's eyes to 拒绝注意throw dust in sb.'s eyes 故意欺骗with one's eyes open明明知道in tears含泪turn a deaf ear to 充耳不闻face to face面对面地face up to大胆面对facein the face of面对be faced with面对at hand在附近，即将到来in hand在控制中on hand在手头hand down流传hand in交上hand in hand手拉着手hand on传下来hand out分发handoutshand over移交on the other hand另一方面head for走向we are heading for the school canteen.lose one’s head不知所措at heart 实质上heart and soul全心全意lose heart失去信心keep in mind牢记have in mind 有想法make up one’s mind下决心never mind没关系out of breath 喘不过气catch one’s breath 屏息hunger for渴望in a word 总之in other words换句话说keep one’s word守信用word for word逐字地sick of厌烦side by side肩并肩at first sight乍一看catch sight of突然发现in sight在视线内out of sight看不见其他：as a matter of fact 事实上fail to do未能so far迄今为止in favor of赞成be fed up with厌烦feel like想要as follows如下my reasons are asfollows:make a fool of玩弄in force有效，实施中set free释放home and abroad国内外enjoy agood reputation home and abroadif only要是many a许多at odor with与不一致，差异，争执off and on断断续续prey on捕食，杀害rather than而不是ring off挂断电话give rise to引起all the same仍然，照旧see through看穿serve as作为run short用完for short简称in short简言之，总之speed up加速on the spot当场at stake在危险中in stock储备in succession连续地all of a sudden突然lose one’s temper发怒in terms of依据thanks to幸亏let alone 更何况nothing but只有up to..直到，胜任make use of利用put into use投入使用use up用完as usual照例a variety of各种by virtue of由于wipe out擦去on the whole总体上once in a while偶尔be absorbed in专心于beimmersed in, be indulged inbe accustomed to习惯be used toby reason of由于with regard to关于with respect to关于in relation to关于in connection with/to 关于in the long run从长远来看。
博士研究生入学考试英语作文常用短语总结
博士研究生入学考试英语作文常用短语总结1.经济的快速发展the rapiddevelopment of economy2.人民生活水平的显著提高/稳步增长the remarkable improvement/ steady growth of people's livingstandard3.先进的科学技术advanced science and technology4.面临新的机遇和挑战be faced with new opportunities and challenges5.人们普遍认为It is commonly believed/ recognized that…6.社会发展的必然结果the inevitable result of social development7.引起了广泛的公众关注arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention8.不可否认It is undeniable t hat…/There is no denying that…9.热烈的讨论/争论 a heated discussion/ debate10.有争议性的问题 a controversialissue11.完全不同的观点 a totally different argument12.一些人…而另外一些人…Some people…while others…13. 就我而言/ 就个人而言As far as I am concerned, / Personally,14.就…达到绝对的一致reach an absolute consensus on…15.有充分的理由支持be supported by sound reasons16.双方的论点argument on both sides17.发挥着日益重要的作用play an increasingly important role in…18.对…必不可少be indispensableto …19.正如谚语所说As the proverb goes:20.…也不例外…be no exceptio21.对…产生有利/不利的影响exert positive/ negative effects on…22.利远远大于弊the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages23.导致，引起lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in24.复杂的社会现象 a complicated social phenomenon25.责任感/ 成就感sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement26. 竞争与合作精神sense of competition and cooperation27. 开阔眼界widen one's horizon/ broaden one's vision28.学习知识和技能acquire knowledge and skills29.经济/心理负担financial burden / psychologicalburden30.考虑到诸多因素take many factors into account/ consideration31. 从另一个角度 from another perspective32.做出共同努力 make joint efforts33. 对…有益 be beneficial / conducive to…34.为社会做贡献 make contributions to the society35.打下坚实的基础 lay a solid foundation for…36.综合素质 comprehensivequality37.无可非议 blameless / beyond reproach38.加大了…的可能性 increase the chances of39.致力于/ 投身于 be committed / devoted to…40. 应当承认 Admittedly41.不可推卸的义务 unshakable duty42. 满足需求 satisfy/ meet the needs of…43.可靠的信息源 a reliablesource of information44.宝贵的自然资源 valuable natural resources45.因特网 the Internet (一定要有冠词，字母I大写)46.方便快捷 convenient andefficient47.在人类生活的方方面面 in all aspects of human life48.环保(的) environmental protection / environmentallyfriendly49.社会进步的体现 a symbol of society progress50.科技的飞速更新 the ever-accelerated updating of science andtechnology51.对这一问题持有不同态度 hold different attitudes towards this issue52.支持前/后种观点的人 people / those in favor of the former/latteropinion53.有/ 提供如下理由/ 证据 have/ provide the following reasons/evidence54.在一定程度上 to some extent/ degree / in some way55. 理论和实践相结合 integratetheory with practice56. …必然趋势 an irresistible trend of…57.日益激烈的社会竞争 the increasingly fierce social competition58.眼前利益 immediate interest/ short-term interest59.长远利益. interest in the long run60.…有其自身的优缺点… has its merits and demerits/ advantages anddisadvantages61.扬长避短Exploit to the full one's favorableconditions andavoid unfavorable ones62.取其精髓，去其糟粕Take the essence and discard the dregs63.对…有害do harm to / be harmful to / be detrimental to64.交流思想/ 情感/ 信息exchange ideas / emotions / information65.跟上…的最展keep pace with / catch up with / keep abreastwiththe latest development of …66.采取有效措施来…take effective measures to do sth67.…的健康发展the healthy development of …68.有利有弊Every coin has its two sides69.对…观点因人而异Views on …vary from person to person70.重视attach great importance to…71.社会地位social status72.把时间和精力放在…上focus time and energy on…73.扩大知识面expand one's scopeof knowledge74.身心两方面both physically and mentally75.有直接/间接关系be directly / indirectly related to…76. 提出折中提议set forth a compromise proposal77. 可以取代"think"的词believe, claim, hold the opinion/ beliefthat78.缓解压力/ 减轻负担relievestress/ burden79.优先考虑/发展…give (top) priority to sth。
博士研究生入学英语考试大纲词汇表
另设附录 6 种： 附录一： 部分国家 ( 或地区 )、 语言、地名形容词、籍名 或裔名表 附录二：常用地名表 附录三：常用缩写词 附录四：常用前缀、后缀 附录五：常用英美人名表 附录六：常用口语表达用 语
博士研究生入学英语考试大 纲词汇表
assassinate assassination assault assemble assembly assert assertion assertive assess assessment asset assign assignment assimilate assistance assistant associate assume assumption assurance assure astonish astronaut astronomer astronomy asylum athlete athletic atlas atmosphere atmospheric atom atomic attach attachment attain attempt attend attendance attendant attention attitude attorney attract
annoying anonymous
antarctic
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anthropology anticipate anticipation antique antonym
apart ape apology apparatus apparent apparently appeal appealing appearance appendix appetite applaud applause appliance applicable applicant application applied apply appoint appraisal appraise appreciate appreciation apprentice apprenticeship approach appropriate appropriation approval approve approximate approximately apt arbitrary arc arch archaeology archaeologist
博士入学考试通用考博英语词汇精讲
考博英语—词汇精讲I am a slow walker, but I never walk backwards.单词的构建Ipneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanokoniosis189819 个派生oriental转换father 例：Einstein fathered the relativity.合成moonlighting发明helicopter mom拼缀motel=motor + hotel 取首字母缩写WC=water + closet截短缩略词ad=advertisement外借舶来词Shangri-Laaptadaptadapt oneself toadapt foradapt fromoptoptionoptionalopticaloptimisticActions speak louder than wordssayingdictaddictcontradictpredictunpredictablestudy &learn acquireacquisitionrequireinquireLive and learn.Discovery coveruncoverrecoverprotectdetectdetective从v olvo 看人生involveevolveevolutionrevolvemissionadmitpermitcommitcommitteeemittransmitsubmitomit别把自己“隔离”起来isolateinsulateinsularinsulin多接触美好的世界touch tangtangibleintangiblecontagioustegintegralintegritycontactintacttacttactics做个优秀的人eminentprominentimminent不要总是沉在水下mergesubmergeemergeemergentemergency做有价值的事worth adj.& n.值得，应该,sb./sth. be worth ...The book is worth 200 yuan.be worth doingThis book is worth reading.worthy adj.& n.有价值的,值得...的, be worthy of +n.She is worthy of our praise.be worthy of being doneThe film is worthy of being watched.be worthy to be doneThe film is worthy to be watched.worthwhile adj.值得做的..值得出力的be worthwhile doing/be worthwhile to do It is worthwhile reading more books=It is worthwhile to read more books.1. In a materialistic and monetary pursuit. society people’s interest seems to be focused solely onA. adaptiveB. addictiveC. acquisitiveD. arrogant2. Even if I won a million-dollar lottery, I would continue to live .A. subtlyB. frugallyC. explicitlyD. cautiously3. Doctors must inform parents about the low odds of success in fertility treatments.A. protectiveB. respectiveC. prospectiveD. perspective4. Moshe katzma, 24, denied any with the beating given to the homeless man, who was found outside a National Headquarters office.A. involvementB. admissionC. isolationD. access5. There are an estimated eight million people currently thought to be eligibleto income tax.A. reclaimB. recoverC. restoreD. return6. As the sky lightened even more, they began to their surroundings more clearly.A. fall outB. fall intoC. make upD. make out7. China's cultural heritage should be better protected through efforts to preserve endangered art.A. inalienableB. intangibleC. intelligibleD. indivisible8. The matter is settled; we may look upon it as being settled.A. as long asB. for goodC. for sureD. as good as9. An announcement of further cuts in government expenditure is .A. imminentB. eminentC. illiterateD. emergent10. The in our soaps should come only from essential oils. Which are steamed or pressed from plants.A. scentsB. scenariosC. scenesD. scales11. A of this approach is that the variables are visually presented in a style that can be understood by generalists and specialists alikeA. valueB. meritC. factorD. worth12. Desperation, hunger, thirst, and resentment all make it likely that people will a more powerful figure who promises them help and or salvation.A. be prone toB. give inC. live up toD. put an end to13. The sentence given to the criminal was much too ; murder should carry themaximum penalty.A. negligentB. solitaryC. lenientD. tedious14. Though it was less attractive, Ralph knew the metal box would be more than the wooden box.A. terminalB. durableC. persistentD. bearable15. In china, although people in many regions earn much less than those in prosperous regions, they also pay much less for commodities, such as housing.A. disposableB. redundantC. equivalentD. interchangeable16. This leads record companies to treat musicians as contracted artists who are not paid a fixed sum for their labor-time, but instead receive royalties in to their success.A. additionB. relationC. percentageD. proportion17. Terrorists will go to any length to their evil ends, and pay no attention to the basic living rights of other peace-loving peopleA. reachB. gainC. achieveD. succeed18. Australia continued the fight to end Japan's annual whale hunts, warning that its plan to kill humpback whales in Antarctica could outrageA. sparkB. leadC. resultD. involve19. At the moment every culture in Britain has a similar philosophy as far as size ; if you want to look good and be desirable, you've got to be thin.A. showsB. statesC. saysD. goes20. Women who entered voluntary work during the inter-war years did so largely because it provided then with _from household routineA. distortionB. diversionC. dissipateD. discountrespectadmirationrespectable respectfulrespectivein respect ofwith respect to irrespectiveadj.不考虑的,不顾的spectspectacle spectacularspectatorspectrumspeculateaspectperspectivesuspectinspect看多了就会印象深刻impressionpresspressureexpressdepresssuppresscompress condensed milk从“依云”到“天真”eviannaivefinfinerefinefinalsemi-finalconfinerestrictconfinedefinedefinitiondefinitive因为“无知”，所以恐惧worriedanxiousnervousupsetelevatoralleviaterelievehumanitarian relief一直“走”下去precede unprecedented concede“走”recedesucceedcessaccessexcessexcessive package gressprogressin progress regressioncongressaggressaggressivevadeevadeclaimclaimsacclaimexclaimproclaimreclaim位置positioncomposedecomposition放proposedisposedisposabledepositimposeimpose onopposeoppositeexpose“活”出个样来microbiologyantibioticsvivesurvivereviveanimalanimateanimationexanimateunanimous1. Let's give a big to tonight's prize-winner.A. respectB. shoutC. praiseD. hand2. It was a depressed and divided country, accustomed to failure and of Change.A. definiteB. curiousC. suspiciousD. anxious3. The secret of the success of Wal- mart in the retailing industry lies inits single-minded and skillful pantsuit of the lowest prices.A. unalleviatedB. uncombedC. unprecedentedD. unaccompanied4. Those who got angry and crazy set fire to ears and shops in the Paris suburb ofClichy-sous-Bois, then the problems .A. evolvedB. evaporatedC. escalatedD. exalted5. The supervisor, his explanation when his fault was pointed out by some talented young students.A. stumbled overB. got overC. dashed toD. gave out6. It is evident that no one, no matter how much they is immunity from the effect of advertising.A. refuseB. reflectC. proclaimD. protest7. "It's probably just stress. " How many times have you uttered those words to yourselfto a headache, pain or illness?A. dismissB. disposeC. dispelD. disrupt8. Schools and colleges have no right to use our public money to promote conduct thatis to the religious and moral values of parents and taxpayers.A. conduciveB. comparableC. pointingD. offensive9. The old farmer his wife, living until 105 years of age.A. beatB. survivedC. lastedD. endured10. He didn't know anything about business, so starting his own was .A. a climb to powerB. a leap in the darkC. a run on the bankD. a step backwards11. Public attitudes toward business regulations are deeply : most people resent intensive government rules, yet they expect government to prevent business from defrauding, exploiting the public.A. hostileB. emotionalC. ambiguousD. cynical12. Ever since the TV show came off the air, there has been that a movie might be made of the show. Finally in autumn 2007, news broke that filming had started.A. specificationB. suspicionC. simulationD. speculation13. A quick wit and a warm smile were the salesman's stock .A. in tradeB. in reserveC. in effectD. in business14. Innovative product platforms like the portable transistor radio and thewalkman the digital lifestyle era.A. set the Stage forB. shed light onC. made sense ofD. gave a hand to15. Successful imitation, far from being symptomatic of a lack of , as the first step in learning to be creative.A. resolutionB. eleganceC. aspirationD. originality16. Our parents love us because we are their children, and this is an fact. so that we feel safer with them than with anyone else.A. unambiguousB. uncontrollableC. unalterableD. unintentional17. As a journalist Hemingway trained himself in of expression. His deliberate avoidance of very attractive adjectives is some of the traces of his early journalistic practices.A. economyB. eleganceC. depthD. neatness18. It is the vast number of irresponsible dog owners which has roused public and demands for tighter controls.A. obsessionB. apprehensionC. exclamationD. indignation19. Talking to children about the death of others is a subject that adults away from very strongly.A. shyB. stayC. slipD. skip20. That's all right, it is better to the feeling than to let it build up.A. displaceB. disarmC. dischargeD. dispatchstimulatestimulationstimulant n. 兴奋剂;刺激物stimulus n. 刺激;刺激物;促进因素simulatesimultaneousSI simultaneous interpretation活得多姿多彩varyvarietya variety ofwidely-varyingvariousinvariably构建出人生美好框架skeletonsketchskepticskepticalbe skeptical of sth.suspicious明白自己的首要任务at firstat the beginning ofprime n.全盛时期prime timeprime ministerprimaryprimitive大胆地做act actionactivityhyperactivityoveractivityactiveradioactive bioactiveactorcharacterbe characterized byexactpracticepracticalin practice 实际上out of practice 生疏的put into practice 实行interactreactreactorreactionaryreactivatecounteractcompacttracttractorabstractsubtractretractprotractdistractextractfractFracturefractionrefractoryfragilefragmentfragrance n.芬芳;香味;香气factas a matter of factfactorfactionmanufacture dissatisfaction benefactormalefactionfacilefacilitatefacilityfacsimileaffectaffectionperfectdefecteffecteffectiveinfectsacrificeefficacyefficientproficientproficiencysufficientfictionprofitartificialsuperficialfeaturedefeatfeasiblefigureoperateinoperablecooperate1. Drink coffee when you're sleepy; it's a good and will help to keep you awake.A. incentiveB. promptC. stimulusD. appetite2. Neatly 1000 people are presumed dead as chances of finding more survivors from the sunken Egyptian ferry.A. bubbleB. dwindleC. swayD. shiver3. The only way he escaped from the bitter reality was to lose himself in a movie, allowing his imagination to , viewing himself as a character in it.A. take upB. take onC. take offD. take over4. The market for non-food GE, products could exceed the market for GE food products by a widewithin the next few years.A. varietyB. marginC. rangeD. spectrum5. Newspapers and magazines carry extensive of diet and health topics and diet books are among the best sellers.A. sketchB. concernC. coverageD. involvement6. That war robbed him of the of his career, when he was the best player in the world.A. prejudiceB. preferenceC. privilegeD. prime7. All sorts of technology have to make the new medical systems applied in rural areas efficient and effective.A. come into playB. come into conflictC. taken actionD. taken place8. If a guest wants to tip the housekeeping staff, it's best to leave a little something inan envelope each night instead of a larger amount checkout.A. due toB. owing toC. prior toD. as to9. The lawyer his ideas loudly and clearly at the court, which surprised her a great deal.A. acclaimedB. admonishedC. addressedD. asserted10. The world leaders need to take fiction on the energy crisis that is before our eyes.A. taking shapeB. taking effectC. taking apartD. taking over11. Steve Ells has never advice he couldn't ignore, conventional wisdom he couldn't disregard, a rule he couldn't break.A. come acrossB. come up toC. come up againstD. come around12. He writes in a very manner there're many mistakes almost every page.A. illegibleB. illiterateC. irregularD. irreversible13. She could have cried, but she had no time to dwell her disappointment, for suddenly a harsh voice hailed her from below.A. onB. atC. inD. for14. inflation, driven by rising food and oil costs, is striking hardest at theworld's poorest, who are forced to spend 60 to 80 percent of their income on food.A. SproutingB. SurgingC. SpillingD. Spinning15. She makes no of their affair in public and he understands that he is not to refer to it with these new acquaintances.A. concealmentB. complimentC. amendmentD. acknowledgement16. Mark's posture and attitude boredom when the teacher was giving his instructions.A. transmittedB. deliveredC. endowedD. implied17. John occasionally a great deal of pleasure from taking long trips by himself.A. deviatedB. arousedC. absorbedD. derived18. Wealthy nations have fallen far behind on their aid to the world's poor.A. commitmentsB. engagementsC. responsibilitiesD. applications19. Even at 87, John's mother-in-law has her physical energy and youthful attitude.A. resolvedB. retainedC. retardedD. restrained20. Nowhere in nature is aluminum found free, _its always being combinedwith elements, most commonly with oxygen.A. referring toB. except forC. regardless ofD. owing to继承heir n. 继承人heritageinherithereditary adj. 世袭的, 遗传的adherecoherecoherentcohesion 凝聚力inherenthesitate学会抗打击hit 有目标地打；袭击He hit him on the face．他打了他的脸。
清华大学博士生入学博士考试考前辅导词汇部分讲解
掌握构词法：如，前缀、后缀、词根。
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前缀： 名词后缀： 动词后缀： 形容词后缀： 副词后缀： 常见词根：
A. rotation B. suspension C. emission D. motivation
As a good photographer, you must develop an awareness of the world around you and the people who ____ it.
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清华大学博士生入学考试题型 及各部分比例分配
听力 词汇 阅读 综合填充 写作
20% 10％ 40％
10%
20%
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清华大学博士生入学 考试考前辅导 词汇部分
清华大学外语系吕中舌
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I. 攻读博士学位考试大纲词汇量要求：
清华大学博士生入学时其英语水平原则上应达到 或略高于硕士生水平。根据《研究生英语教学大 纲》中的规定：硕士生应领会式掌握词汇5500个， 其中大部分为实义词，如：名词、动词、形容词、 副词。动词所占比例最大，约占五分之一；名词 应不亚于动词，而且词汇级别越高名词的比例就 越大。但这并不意味介词、连词就可以忽略。 掌握一定数量的常用词组。 掌握一定数量的常用词缀，并能根据构词法和语 境意思识别常见的派生词。
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III. 单词记忆方法：
通过阅读记单词
通过做练习题记单词
通过联想方式记单词: 邻近联想:lighteningthunder-storm; winter-freeze- snow-frost; spring-blossom-awake; 类比联想: result-effectimpact; because of, on account of, due to; 对比 联想: stupid-clever-smart; advance-backward 等.。
全国博士研究生英语词汇完整版(10000)
全国博士研究生英语词汇完整版（10000）abate v．减轻，减退；废除aberrant a.畸变的;异常的;脱离常轨的ablate v.切除，摘除abortion n．流产，早产；(计划等的)失败，夭折abrade v．擦伤；磨损abscess n．脓肿abstain v．戒、避免；弃权abstinence n．节制；禁欲absurd a．荒唐的accent n．腔调，口音；重音，重音符号v．加重读accessory n．附件，附属品；同谋，帮凶a．附属的，附加的accordance n．一致，给予accountant n．会计accuse v．谴责，指控，告发achromatopsia n．色盲acidosis n．酸中毒acknowledge v．承认；致谢acknowledgement n．承认，感谢；收到的通知acne n．痤疮，粉刺acoustic a．声学的；听觉的acquaint v．使认识，使了解，通知acupuncture n．针刺，针刺疗法addict v．使沉溺，使醉心；使成瘾n．有瘾的人，吸毒成瘾adduce v．引证；提出adequate a．足够的；恰当的admonish v．告诫advisory a.咨询的，劝告的advocate n.拥护者，提倡者v．拥护, 提倡aerobic a．需氧的afebrile a．无热的affection n．爱；感情；病afferent a．传人的affiliate v．使附属；隶属affinity n.亲和力；密切关系afflict v．使苦恼，折磨aggressive a.爱寻衅的，侵略的；有进取心的agile a．敏捷的，灵活的agitate v．搅动；激动, 焦急不安agony n．苦恼，痛苦ague n．疟疾；寒颤alga n．水藻，海藻alleviate v．减轻(痛苦)，缓和alliance n．联盟，同盟，联合，联姻allowance n．允许；津贴，补助(费) v.定量供应alloy n．合金v．合铸allude v．暗指，提到allure v．引诱，吸引almighty a．全能的；糟糕透的alphabet n．字母表aluminum n．铝alveolus n．小窝，牙槽；肺泡amateur a．业余的n．业余爱好者ambassador n．大使ambient a．周围的，包围着的；环境的ambiguous n．模棱两可的ambulance n．救护车ambulant a．走动的；适宜于下床活动的ameliorate v．改善，改良，转好amenable a．顺从的，有义务的; 经得起检验的amend v．改正，修正；改好amiable a．亲切的，和蔼可亲的amid prep．在…中，在…当中ammonia n．氨ample a．充分的，富裕的；宽敞的amputate v．切断，截(肢)amuse v．逗…笑，给…以娱乐，给以消遣amusement n.娱乐，消遣，娱乐活动analogue n.类似物analogy n.类似，相似；比拟; 类推analysis n.分析，解析analyze v.分析，分解anatomy n.解剖学ancestor n.祖宗，祖先ancestral a.祖先的，祖传的ancestry n.祖先，家世ancient a.古代的，古老的n，古时的人anemia n．贫血症anesthesia n．感觉缺失；麻醉anesthetic a．麻木的n．麻醉剂anguish n.极度的痛苦v．感到极度痛苦anhydrous a．脱水的，无水的animate v．使有生气，使活泼；激励animation n．生气，活泼，兴奋；动画片annoy v．使烦恼，使生气，打搅annoyance n．烦恼，烦扰anonymous a．匿名的anorexia n．食欲缺失；厌食anoxia n．缺氧(症)antacid n．解酸药，抗酸剂antenna n．触角；天线antibiotics n．抗生素(抗菌素)anticipate v．预料，预期；抢…之先；提前使用antifebrile a．退热的n．退热药antique a．古时的，古式的; n.古物,古玩antiseptic a．防腐的，抗菌的n.防腐剂；抗菌剂antitoxin n．抗毒素antiviral a．抗病毒的antivirus n．抗病毒素anxiety n．挂念，焦虑；渴望appalling a．令人震惊的，骇人听闻的apparatus n．器械，仪器，装置apparent a．明显的；表面的；貌似的appendicitis n．阑尾炎appendix n．附录；阑尾appetite n．食欲，胃口,要求,欲望applaud v．喝彩，鼓掌，称赞applause n．欢呼，喝彩，称赞,赞成appliance n．器具；用具；器械appoint v．任命，委派；约定appointment n．约会，约见；任命，选派appraisal n．估价，评价appraise v．估价，评价，鉴定appraiser n．评价人，鉴定人appreciable a．可以估计的，可以看到的appreciate v．感激，感谢；评价，欣赏,赏识appreciation n．欣赏，鉴赏正确评价;感谢，感激appreciative a．有眼力..的，有欣赏力的; 感激的apprehend v．理解，领悟；逮捕，拘押；畏惧，忧虑approach v．接近，走近n．途径,方法，探讨appropriate a．适当的，恰如其分的approval n. 赞同,批准approve v. 赞成,同意,批准,审定,通过approximate a. 近似的,大约的,v.近似,接近apron n．围裙v．用围裙围住apt a．恰当的，贴切的；聪明灵巧的；易于…的，有…倾向的arbitrary a．任意的，专横的，武断的arch n．拱，拱门，弓形结构，半圆形v．使成弓形，拱起archaeology n．考古学architect n．建筑师architectural a．关于建筑的，建筑上的architecture n．建筑，建筑学ardent a．热情的，热烈的；强烈的，烈性的arduous a. 艰巨的；勤奋的arena n. 竞技场地argue v. 辩论，争论；主张，论证argumentation n. 推论, 论证; 争论, 辩论, 辩论文armament n. 军队, 武装力量; 军械; 武器, 备战aroma n. 芳香; (艺术品的) 风味; 韵味arrangement n．整理，排列，布置，安排，准备；商定，调解array v．使排列成阵势；装扮n．列阵；衣服，盛装arrest v．／n．逮捕，拘留；(心搏)停止arrhythmia n．心律不齐；心律失常arrogance n．骄傲自大，傲慢arrogant a．骄傲自大的，傲慢的artery n．动脉，干线arthritis n．关节炎articular a．关节的articulate v．接合；清晰地发出音来；a．接合起来的；关节联接的ascertain v. 查明, 弄清, 确定aseptic a.无菌的; 防腐的; 冷漠的ashamed a.惭愧的, 害臊的asphyxia n．窒息aspirate v．吸出；抽出assassinate v．暗杀，行刺assault v．／n．袭击，攻击assemble v．集合，集会；装配，组装assembly n.集会，会议；装配assert v.断言，宣称assertion n.主张，断言，维护assess v.估价，评价assessment n.估价，评价asset n.财产；宝贵的人(或物)assiduity n.刻苦，勤奋assign v.分配，委派，指定assignment n.分配，委派，任务，(课外)作业assimilate v.吸收；同化assistance n．帮助，援助assistant n．助手，助教associate v．联想，联系，联合，交往，n．合作人，伙伴，同事，adj.同伙的，副的association n．协会，团体；联合，联系，交往，交际；联想assort v．把…分类；为…配备各种物品asthma n．气喘，哮喘astonish v．使惊讶，使吃惊astound v．使震惊，使大吃一惊astronaut n.宇航员astronomy n.天文学asymmetric(al) a．不对称的；偏位的artrium n．心房atropine n．萎缩，虚脱atropine n．阿托品attach v．贴上，系上，附上; 使依附，使属，使依恋attachment n．连接物，附属品附件；依恋attempt v．／n．试图，努力attendant n．服务员a.在场的；护理的；伴随的attenuate v．变细(小)；减弱减毒; 稀释attic n．顶楼，屋顶室attomey n．辩护律师attract v．吸引，招引，引诱attraction n．吸引(力)，吸引人的事物attractive a．有吸引力的，有魅力的，动人的atypical a．非典型的;不规则的;不正常的auction v. /n. 拍卖audible a.听得见的audience n.听众，观众；谒见，会见audiometer n.听度计，听力计auditorium n.礼堂；听众席augment v.扩大；增长aural a.听觉器官的;耳的auscultate v.听诊auspice n.预兆，先(前)兆;吉兆Austria n．奥地利authentic a．可靠的，权威性的,有根据的，真正的authoritarian a．独裁主义的n．独裁主义者authoritative a．有权威的，可相信的authority n．权力，威信，权威，权威者，(p1．)当局，官方authorize v．授权，委任；批准，认可autoclave n．高压消毒锅autonomy n.自治，自治权autopsy n.尸体解剖；尸检auxiliary a.辅助的,从属的n.辅助者,补助者,助动词avail v.有利,有益,有助availability n.可用性,有效性,可得性,可得到的人(或物)available a.可用的,可得到的,可达到的；有效的avenge v．替…报仇avenue n．林荫路，大街；途径，手段avert v.转移，防止aviation n.航空；航空学；飞行术awkward a．粗笨的，笨拙的，不灵活的；棘手的，为难的，尴尬的axilla n.腋(窝)bachelor n．单身汉；学土bacillus n．(芽胞)杆菌bacon n.咸肉，熏肉bacterial a.细菌的bactericidal a.杀菌的bacteriology n.细菌学bacterium n．细菌badge n．徽章baffle v．使挫折，阻碍，使困惑n．迷惑；缓冲板；遮护物bait n．诱饵v．引诱bakery n．面包房，面包店balcony n. 阳台balm n．香油，香脂；止痛药膏bankrupt n．破产者，丧失了名誉的人a．破产的v.使破产bankruquet n．破产banner n．旗(帜)banquet n．宴会v．宴请bar n．棍，横木；障碍；酒吧v.栓上，阻挡，拦住，妨碍barbarian a．野蛮人的，不文明的barber n．理发师barbiturate n．巴比妥盐bargain v．讨价还价n．廉价货；交易，合同barley n．大麦barn n．谷仓，仓库barrel n．桶；枪管，炮管barren a．贫瘠的，不毛的，不育的barrier n．障碍，屏障batch n．一批，一炉baton n．棍棒；指挥棒；警棍battalion n．营；部队；大队(的人)battery n．电池(组)；一套，一组bay n.海湾；a．赤褐色的BCG 卡介苗beak n．(鸟的)嘴；(器皿的)鸟嘴形口beam n．横梁；一束，一道v.(喻) 微笑；发射；发光bean n．豆，菜豆beancurd n．豆腐beard n．胡子behalf n．利益；方面；支持behavior n．行为，举止belly n．肚，腹部bellyache n．腹痛belly-button n．脐belt n.带，腰带benign a．慈祥的，温和的；良性的beriberi n．脚气病berth n．(车，船)卧铺；座位beset v．镶嵌；困扰bestow v．赠与，给与；花费；安置bet v．赌，打赌n．打赌，赌注betray v．背叛，出卖；泄露，暴露beverage n．饮料bewilder v．使迷惑，难住bewilderment n．迷惑，混乱bias n．偏见，偏心；倾向性；爱好Bible n．圣经bibliography n．目录学；文献目录bicarbonate n．碳酸氢盐bid v．命令，吩咐v／n．报价，投标bilateral a.两边的，双侧的bile n.胆汁biliary a.胆汁的bind v．绑，包扎，束缚binocular a．双目的；双筒的n．双目镜bioactive n．生物活性的biochemistry n．生物化学biographer n．传记作家biopsy n．活组织检查biostatistics n．生物统计学biotic a．生命的；生物的biscuit n．饼干bit n．一片，一点，一些bite v．／n．咬，叮n．一口bitter a．苦的，痛苦的bizarre a．稀奇古怪的，异乎寻常的blackmail n．／v. 敲诈；勒索bladder n．囊，膀胱blade n．叶片，刀片，桨叶blanch v．漂白；使变白；使(植物)不见日光而变白blast v. 炸掉,摧毁n. 爆炸,一阵(风);管乐器或汽笛声blaze n. 火焰,火光v. 燃烧bleach v. 漂白n. 漂白剂blend n．混合物v．混合blister n．水疱v．起疱bloat v．肿胀；n．肿胀病人blonde n．金发碧眼的人a．金发碧眼的blot n．污渍，污点blouse n．女罩衫blunder n．大错v．犯大错；慌乱地走blunt a．(迟)钝的v．使(迟)钝；减弱blur v．弄脏；(使)模糊不清blush v. 脸红；羞愧boast v．夸口，夸耀n．自夸，大话bold a．大胆的，冒失的bolt n．螺栓，插销v．闩门；脱口说出bombard v．炮击；轰炸；攻击, 痛斥bond n．结合；契约；债券bondage n．奴役，束缚bonus n．额外津贴，奖金boom n. 繁荣,激增,迅速发展boost v. 升;提高booster n. 支持者;升压器,激发剂booth n．电话亭，货摊border n．边界，边境v. 交界；近似；接近boredom n．厌烦，乏味，无趣bosom n．胸；内心；胸怀botanical a．植物学的，植物的botany n．植物学bounce v．弹起，跳起；反跳bound v．／n．跳，跳跃a．必定的boundary n．界线，边界bouquet n．花束bout n．一回；发作bow v．／n．鞠躬，点头n.弓;船头bowel n．肠；内部boycott v．／n．抵制bracelet n．手镯bracket c．支架，托架; 括号v.把…括号内brake v．／n．闸，刹车bran n．麸；糠brass n.黄铜，铜器breach n.破坏；破裂breakdown n．故障；衰竭；崩溃breathtaking a．惊人的，激动人心的breed v．生殖；繁殖；饲养；引起brew v．酿造；调制；煎(药)bribe n．/v. 贿赂bride n．新娘brilliant a.光辉的；卓越的brim n. 边，缘brink n. 边；边沿brisk a. 活泼的；敏捷的bronchitis n．支气管炎bronchus n．支气管bronze n．青铜；古铜broom n．扫帚broth n．肉汤bruise n．伤痕，青肿v．碰伤, 使成青肿brutal a．残忍的，令人难受的buccal a．颊的；口腔的bucket n．吊桶，水桶bud n．芽，花苞v．发芽,含苞欲放buffer n．缓冲；缓冲剂；缓冲器v.缓冲bug n．虫，臭虫v．窃听bulge n．v．肿胀；膨出；隆起(物) bumble v．犯大错；结巴地讲话；踉跄buoy n．浮标，救生圈bureau n．署，局burglar n．窃贼burial n．埋葬，葬；埋藏bushel n．蒲式耳butcher n．屠夫，卖肉者buttock n．屁股；臀部button n．扣子，按钮v．扣紧cabbage n．洋白菜，卷心菜cable n．缆，索；电缆；电报，v. 拍电报cadre n．干部；骨骼；骨干cafeteria n．自助餐厅cage n．笼，鸟笼calamity n．灾害,祸患,不幸事件calcity v．钙化calcium n．钙calf n．小牛；腓;小腿callous a．起老茧的;无感觉的;冷淡的callus n．胼胝；骨痂，接骨质calorie n．卡(热量单位)camphor n．樟脑cancellation n．取消，删除cancellous a．网眼状的；海绵状的；网状骨质的candid a．公正的, 正直的；坦率的candidate n．候选人, 报考者cane n．茎；甘蔗；手杖canine n．犬齿canker n．溃疡；口疮cannula n．套管，插管canteen n．食堂；小卖部canvas n．粗帆布，油画布capacitor n．电容器cape n．海角，岬；披肩capillary n．毛细血管capitalism n．资本主义capitalist n．资本家a．资本主义的capsule n．胶囊；封壳；密闭小舱caption n．(章节，文章等)标题；(图片的)解说词；(电影片)字幕capture v．捕获，捉拿；夺得，攻占carbohydrate n．碳水化合物；糖类carbonate n．碳酸盐carcinogen n．致癌物carcinogenesis n．致癌作用；癌发生cardiac a．心脏的cardinal a．主要的，基本的；深红的cardiogram n．心电图cardiology n．心脏病学cardiovascular a．心血管的caries n．龋；骨疡；骨疽carrot n．胡萝卜cart n．大车，手推车cartilage n．软骨cartoon n．草图；动画片cartridge n．弹药筒；子弹；软片，胶卷castor n．蓖麻casual a．偶然的, 碰巧的；临时的,非正式的casualty n．严重伤亡事故;伤亡人员catabolism n. 分解代谢catalog(ue) n. 目录v．编目catalyst n. 催化剂cataract n. 大瀑布；白内障catastrophe n. 大灾难，大变动category n．种类，类型；范畴cater v．迎合，投合；供应伙食(for) catheter n．导管cathode n．阴极，负极Catholic a．天主教的n．天主教徒caustic a．腐蚀性的；n．腐蚀剂caution n．小心，谨慎；警告v．告诫，警告cautious a．小心的，谨慎的celerity n．迅速,敏捷celery n．芹菜celiac a．腹的；腹腔的cellular a．细胞的；由细胞组成的cellulose n．纤维素cement n．水泥；牙骨质centennial a．一百周年的centigrade a．摄氏温度计的centrifuge v．离心；分离n．离心机cephalic a. 头的，头部的；头侧的cereal a．谷类的，谷类植物的n. (pl.)谷类；谷类食物cerebellum n. 小脑cerebral a．大脑的cerebrum n．大脑certainty n．必然的事，必然，肯定certificate n．证书，证明书certification n．证明certify v．证明cervix n．颈；子宫颈cessation n．停止，休止chain n．链，链条；连锁v．拴住chamber n．房间;议院；会所；腔,心室champagne n．香槟酒char v．／n．打杂，(做)家庭杂务charcoal n．炭，木炭；炭笔charity n. 慈善,仁慈；慈善团体charm n. 魅力,美貌v．迷人，施魔法charter v．租船，租车n．宪章chase v．／n．追求，追赶chemotherapy n．化疗cheque n．支票cherish v．珍爱,怀有(爱情)chestnut n．栗子;栗树chickenpox n．水痘chill n．凉气，寒气；寒战v. 使寒冷chilly a．凉快的，寒冷的chimney n．烟囱chin n．下巴，颏chip n．薄片，碎片chloride n．氯化物chlorine n．氯(气)chlorophyl n．叶绿素choke v．窒息，噎住；堵塞cholera n．霍乱cholesterol n．胆固醇chord n．弦，索，带v．协调，和谐；使和谐chorus n．／v．合唱Christian n．基督教徒a. 基督教的chromosome n．染色体chronic a．慢性的，久病的，长期的chronicle n．编年史；历史，记事chyme n．食糜cigar n．雪茄烟cigarette n．香烟，纸烟cilia n．睫；纤毛cinerary a．灰的；骨灰的circadian a．生理节奏的circuit n．电路，环行，巡回circumscribe v．在…周围划线；限制，约束circumstance n．情形，环境，状况circus n．马戏场，杂技场；马戏团cirrhosis n．硬变；肝硬化citrus n．柠檬；柑橘civilization n．文明，文化civilize v．使文明，开化clamo(u)r v．n．吵闹，叫喊clamp n．夹子，夹钳v．夹紧clap v．拍，轻拍，拍手n．拍手喝彩(声) clarify v．澄清，阐明clarity n．清澈，明净clasp n．扣子，钩子v．扣住;紧握，紧抱clatter n．得得声，卡塔声v. 得得地响，卡塔地响clavicle n．锁骨clay n．粘土；肉体，人体cleavage n．劈开；分裂；卵裂cleave v．(clave；cleaved)粘着,粘住；坚持；依恋cleave v．(cleft；cleft or cloven)劈开;把…分成几个小部分cleft n．裂，裂口client n．顾客，客户，诉讼委托人climacteric n．更年期；绝经期；转折点cling v．粘住，依附，坚持clip v．夹住，钳n．回形针，夹子clip v．修剪；剪辑clone v．克隆closure n. 关闭；罩子clown n．小丑，丑角clue n．线索clump n．丛；簇；群；细菌凝块clumsy a．笨拙的，愚笨的clumsy n．串，簇，束clutch v．抓住，攫住coach n．客车，长途汽车；私人教师，教练v．辅导，教练coagulate v．凝结，凝固coarse a．粗的，粗劣的, 粗糙的,粗俗的coastal a．海岸的，近海岸的cocaine n．可卡因coccus n．球菌coffin n．棺材coil n．卷，圈v．卷，盘绕coincide v．相符合，相一致coincidence n．巧合，符合coke n．焦炭colic n．绞痛,急腹痛a. 绞痛的;结肠的colitis n．结肠炎collaborate v．合作，协作，勾结collaboration n．合作，协作，勾结collagen n．胶原(蛋白)collapse v．倒坍，崩溃；虚脱collide v．碰撞，冲突，抵触collocation n．排列；搭配；配置colloid n．／a．胶体(的)，胶质(的) colloquial a．口语的，会话的colon n．结肠colonel n．(陆军)上校colonist n．殖民者，移民colony n．殖民地；群体; 菌落colossal n．巨像的，巨大column n．柱，柱状物，专栏coma n．昏迷comb n．梳子v．梳理combat v.／n．战斗combination n．结合，联合；化合combine v．结合，联合；化合combustion n．燃烧；氧化comedy n．喜剧，喜剧场面comet n．慧星comic a．喜剧的，滑稽的commander n．指挥员，司令员commemorate v．纪念commence v．开始commencement n．开始；学位授予典礼(日);毕业典礼(日)comment n．／v．解说，评论，意见commerce n．商业commercial a．商业的，商务的commission n．委员会，委托，代办,委托书，佣金，手续费commitment n．托付；信奉；承诺，保证commodity a．商品，日用品commonplace n．常见的事物；平常话commonsense n．常识a．有常识的；明明白白的；一望而知的communism n．共产主义communist n．共产党员a．共产主义的community n．社区，社会compact a．紧密的，坚实的v．压缩companion n．同伴，伴侣comparison n．比较，比喻compartment n．分隔；空间；隔室compass n．罗盘，指南针compassion n．同情；怜悯compatible a．相容的；一致的compatriot n．同胞compel v．强迫,使不得不；迫使屈服compensate v．补偿,赔偿，酬报compensation n．补偿,赔偿；补偿物，赔偿费ompetence n．能力，胜任；权能，权限competent a．有能力的，能胜任的；应该的；足够的；有权能的competition n．比赛，竞争competitive a．比赛的，竞争的competitor n．竞争者；比赛者；敌手compile v．编辑，编制；搜集，汇编complacence n．自满，自鸣得意complement n．／n．补充，补足；补体．complexion n．肤色；情况，局面；气质，性格complicated a．错综复杂的，麻烦的complication n．复杂，混乱；复杂的情况；并发病，并发症comply v. 照做；遵守component a．组成的，合成的n. 组成部分；组元；分量；元件compose v．创作，作曲；组成composer n．作曲者；创造者comprehend v．了解，领会；包含，包括comprehensive a．广泛的，综合的；理解的，有理解力的compress v．压缩，浓缩；n．敷布，压布comprise v．包含，包括，构成compromise v．／n．妥协，折衷compulsive a．强迫的，有强迫力的compulsory a．强迫的；义务的concave a．凹的，凹面的conceal v．隐藏，隐瞒，隐蔽concede v．承认；让步；给与conceit n．自负,自高自大;想法,个人的意见conceive v．设想,构想;以为;怀胎,怀有conceptual a．概念的concession n．迁就，让步；特许；特许权；租界concise a．简明的，简洁的，简要的concomitant a．伴随的；伴发的concord n．和谐；协调concrete n．混凝土a．具体的；混凝土制的condemn v．谴责，指责；判刑，宣告有罪condense v．压缩，浓缩，精简；使冷凝condenser n．冷凝器，凝结器；电容器conducive a．有助于…的，有益的conduct n．行为，品行v．引导,指挥；传电，传热conductivity n．传导率；传导性conductor n．领队，乐队指挥；售票员,列车员；导体conduit n．管道；导管confer v．授予；协商conference n．会议，讨论会confess v．承认，坦白，忏悔confine v．限制，局限于；管制，禁闭confront v．使面对，使面临；正视congenital a．先天的，天生的congest v．充满；拥挤；充血congestion n．充满；拥挤；充血congress n．大会；国会,议会conjecture v．推测；假设conjoin v．结合，连接conjugate n．结合，使成对conjunction n．结合，联合；连接; 关联；连接词conjunctiva n．结膜conjuncture n．结合；紧要关头conquer v．征服，战胜conquest n．征服，赢得conscience n．良心，良知conscientious a．认真的；诚心诚意的；谨慎的conscious a．有意识的，知觉的consecutive a．连续的，连贯的；顺序的consensus n．一致；舆论；同感，交感consent v．／n．同意，答应consequence n．后果，影响；重要性consequent a．作为结果的，随后发生的n．当然的结果，推论conservation n．保存，保护；守恒conserve v．保存，保藏；保养considerate a．考虑周到的，体谅的consideration n．考虑，思考；体谅consistent a．前后一致的，始终如一的console v．安慰，慰问consolidate v．巩固，加强；合并，联合consonance n．调和，一致；共鸣．conspicuous a．明显的；惹人注目的constipation n．便秘constituent a．形成的，组成的n．选民；成分constitute v．组成，构成constitution n．构成，机构,成分,体格,体质；宪法constraint n．强逼，强制；紧张感，紧张状态constrict v．压缩，收缩；阻塞consult v．商量，咨询；会诊consultant n．请教者；商议者；顾问,会诊医生consume v．消费，消耗consumption n．消费，消耗；肺结核；结核contact v.／n．接触，联系，交往contagious a.传染的contain v.容纳,含有，装有container n.容器,集装箱contaminate v.弄脏,污染；传染contamination n.污染,沾染物contemplate v.注视,沉思；期待,仔细考虑contemporary a．现代的，当代的n.同时代的人，同年龄的人contempt n．轻蔑，藐视；受辱,丢脸contend v．竞争，斗争；争论content n．内容，目录；容量，含量n．／a．满足(的)，甘愿(的)contest v．竞赛，比赛；争夺context n．上下文，前后关系continence n．自制，节制；节欲continent n．大陆，洲contingent a．可能(发生)的，偶然的，意外的；应急的n．意外事件；代表团；小分队contour n．轮廓，外形contraceptive a．避孕的n．避孕药物／用具contract n．契约，合同，包工v．收缩；得(病) contractile a．可收缩的contractor n．订约人；承包人；收缩肌contradict v．反驳；同…矛盾，同…抵触contradiction v．矛盾；反驳contraindicate v．禁忌contralateral a．对侧的contrast v.对照,对比v.形成对比,使对照controversial a．争论的；爱争论的；引起争论的controversy n．争论，论战；争吵convalescent a．恢复健康的，渐愈的；恢复期的n．恢复中的病人convenience n．便利，方便；(pl.)便利设备convenient a．便利的，方便的convention n．大会，会议；习俗，惯例；公约，协定conventional a．惯例的，常规的,传统的;协定的converge v．会聚，集中conversation n．会话，谈话convey v．运送，运输；传达，传播conviction n．定罪；深信，确信convince v．使信服，使确信convulsion n．震动；痉挛，惊厥cooper n．制桶工人，修桶工人v.修桶；挫败；毁掉coordinate a．同等的，对等的，并列的v．使成为同等；使协调coordination n．同等，调整；协作；协调cope v．应付，对付copious a．丰富的，大量的copyright n．版权，著作权cord n．绳，索；索状组织cordial a．诚恳的，亲切的，热诚的;刺激的；强心的n.兴奋剂cork n．软木塞cornea n．角膜coronary a．冠状的corporate a．社团的；共同的；全体的corporation n．团体，公司corps n．军团，部队corpse n．死尸，尸体corpuscle n．小体，细胞，血球；微粒corridor n．走廊corrosion n．腐蚀，侵蚀；锈corrupt a．腐化的，贪污的v．腐蚀；贿赂cortex n．皮质cosmetic n．化妆品a．化妆用的，美容的cosmic a．宇宙的，广大无边的cosmos n．宇宙；秩序，和谐costal a.肋骨的costume n.服装，戏装cottage n.村舍，别墅council n．理事会，委员会，议事机构counsel n．商议；忠告；法律顾问，辩护人v．劝告，忠告countenance a．面部表情；脸色county n；郡，县courteous a．有礼貌的courtesy n．礼貌；殷勤；好意cousin n．堂(表)兄弟，堂(表)姐妹covert a．隐藏的；暗地里的coward n．懦夫cozy n．暖和舒服的；舒适的crack n．裂纹，龟裂v．破裂，砸开；发爆炸声cradle n．摇篮；婴儿时期cramp n．夹，钳；(病性)痉挛，绞痛crane n．鹤；起重机v．伸(颈)；用起重机起吊cranium v．头盖(骨)；颅crave v．渴望，热望credulous a．轻信的creed n．信条；信念,纲领cripple n．跛子；残废的人(或动物)crisis n．危机crisp a．松脆的；清新的，爽快的；干脆的v．使发脆criterion n．标准，准则criticism n．批评；评论criticize v．批评；评论crook n．钩；钩状物crooked a.弯的，歪的；扭曲的,不正当的crown n．王冠；牙冠crucial a．决定性的，紧要关头的；严酷的，极困难的cruel a．残酷的，残忍的cruelty n．残酷，残忍；残酷行为cruise v．巡航；巡游；(出租汽车)兜客n．巡航，巡游crumb n．碎屑；面包屑；点，滴，少许v．弄碎crumple v．把…弄皱；打垮crust n．面包皮；外壳;痂皮crutch n．拐杖；支柱v.支撑crux a．十字形；难事,关键,最重要点crotherapy n．冷冻疗法cuckoo n．杜鹃，布谷鸟cucumber n．黄瓜cue n．(人或车等候着的)长队；发辫cuff n．袖口；护腕cultivate v. 耕作，栽培，养殖；培养cultural a．文化的；教养的；栽培的cunning a．／n．狡猾(的)，狡诈(的) cupboard n．碗柜，木橱curb n．／v. 控制、抑制、约束curiosity n．好奇心；珍品；古玩curl v.卷曲，蜷缩n．卷发curriculum n．学校的全部课程；(一门)课程curse v．诅咒,咒骂curtain n．窗帘,幕(布)curve v．弄弯,使成曲线n.曲线，弯曲cushion n．垫子，坐垫cusp n．尖，尖端customary a．通常的，常例的，习惯的cutaneous a．皮的cute a．伶俐的，逗人爱的cylinder n．圆柱体，圆筒；气缸cyst n．囊(肿)cytogenetics n．细胞遗传学cytology n．细胞学dagger n．匕首；短剑；剑号dairy n. 牛奶场，奶店damn n.／v．诅咒dander n. 头皮屑；怒火dandruff n. 头垢；头皮屑dangle v. 摇晃地悬挂着datum n. (p1．)资料，材料debris n. 瓦砾堆，废墟,碎片decay v.／n．腐朽，腐烂，衰败deceit n. 欺骗；虚假；欺骗行为deceive v. 欺骗，蒙蔽decent a. 体面的，像样的,相当好的;正派的，得体的deception n．欺骗，蒙蔽；骗术decibel n．分贝deciliter (decilitre) n．分升，十分之一升decimal a．小数的，十进制的deck n．甲板；桥面；层面decolourize v．使…脱色；将…漂白decompensate v．代偿失调decompose v．分解，使腐败，使腐烂decorate v. 装饰，装潢，布置decubitus n. 褥疮dedicate v. 奉献，献身,致力deduce v. 演绎，推演,推断deduction n. 推论；演绎,扣除deem v.认为，相信defeat v．／n．战胜，挫败defecate v．澄清，净化；排粪，通大便defect n．缺点，缺陷defence n．防御，保卫；(pl．)防务，工事defend v．保卫，防守；辩护；答辩defense n．防御，保卫；防务(pl．)防御工事；辩护defensive a．防御的，保卫的n.防御,守势deference n．听从；敬重deferent a.输送的;输出的;输精的defervescence n.退热deficiency n.缺乏，不足；营养缺乏症deficit n.短缺；赤字definite a.明确的，确定的，限定的definition n.定义，解释；明确性deflate v.排放…(空)气；解除气胀deflection n.偏离；偏转deform v.损坏…的形状，使…变形deformation n．形状损坏；变形；畸形deformity n．变形，畸形；畸形的人defy v．向…挑战；公然对抗，蔑视degenerate v．蜕化；变质；变性degradation n．降级；低落；退化；陵削；降解；衰变degression n．下降；递减dehydration n．脱水delegate n．代表deleterious a．(对身心)有害的；有毒的deliberate a．深思熟虑的，审慎的，蓄意的v．仔细考虑deliberately ad．审慎地；故意地，蓄意地delicate a．纤弱的，娇嫩的；易碎的；优美的，精美的，精致的delineate v．描绘；叙述delitescence n．潜伏期；潜伏状态；(炎症)突然消退delusion n．幻想；妄想；错觉dementia n．痴呆democracy n．民主；民主政体democratic a．民主的，民主主义的; 民主政体的demography n.人口统计学demonstrate v.表明；演示；论证，证明demonstration n.表明，示范；论证；示威denial n.否认，拒绝；拒绝相信denominate v.给…命名；称呼…为denote v.指示；意味着denounce v.斥责；告发，揭发；废除dense a.密的，稠密的，浓厚的density n.密度，密集；稠密dental a.牙齿的；牙科的dentistry n.牙科学denture n.一副牙齿；假牙；全口假牙deodorant a.除臭的n．除臭剂depart v.出发，离开departure n.出发，离开dependant n.受赡养者；侍从depict v.描绘，描述depicture v.描述，描绘；想象depilate v.拔去…毛；脱去…毛deplete v．弄空；排除，减轻；减少…体液；放去…的血deposit v．存放，寄存；储蓄；沉淀n．存款；押金；沉淀deposition n．免职，罢官；作证；沉淀；沉淀物depot n．兵站；仓库depravity n．堕落；腐败depreciation n.价值低落,贬值,蔑视,贬低depress v.压抑，降低depression n.消沉；萧条；抑郁症deprive v.夺去，剥夺，使丧失depurate v．净化，提纯deputy n．代理人，代表；副…derivation n．引出；起源，由来;衍生,衍生物derive v.取得;派生出;引申出derma n.真皮dermatitis n.皮炎dermatology n.皮肤病学decendant n.子孙，后代deserve v．应受，值得designate v．指明，标示；选派，指定；把…叫做desirable a．合乎需要的，令人满意的desolate a．荒凉的，荒芜的；孤独的，凄凉的v．使荒芜，使孤寂despair v．／n．失望，绝望desperate a．绝望的，危急的；不顾一切的，铤而走险的despise v．轻视，蔑视destination n．目的地；目标destine v．命定，注定，预定，指定destiny n．命运destitute a．没有的；缺乏的destruction n．破坏，毁灭destructive a．破坏性的，毁灭性的，危害的detach v．分开，分离，拆开；分遣detachment n．分开，拆开，分离；分遣；分遣队detect v．察觉，发现；探测detection n．察觉，发现；探测;检波detective a．侦探的，探测的n．侦探detention n.拘留，扣押；阻留，滞留detergent a.使清洁的n．清洁剂；去垢剂deteriorate v.恶化；变坏；退化determination n．决心，决定determine v．决定，决心；确定,测定detoxify v．解毒，除去…毒物,去除…放射性沾染devalue v．降低价值；贬值deviation n.背离，偏离device n.设备，装置；方法，设计devil n.魔鬼devise v.设计，想出devoid v.缺乏，没有devotion n.献身；忠诚；热爱devour v．吞没；狼吞虎咽地吃dew n．露水，露dextral a．右边的；用右手的；右旋的diabetes n．糖尿病diagram n．图解，图表dial n．标度盘，钟面，拨号盘v．拨号，打电话dialect n．方言；行话dialectical a．辩证的；辩证法的dialysis n．透析，渗析；分离,分解diaper n．尿布diaphoresis n．发汗；出汗diaphragm n．膈，膈膜diarrhea n．腹泻diastole n．(心)舒张期dictate v. 听写，口授，口述dictation n. 口授笔录，听写diction n.措词；词令diffuse v. 扩散；渗出digest v. 消化n．摘要digital a. 数字的dignity n. 尊贵，高贵，庄严，尊严dilate v. 膨胀，扩大dilemma n. 窘境，进退两难diligence n. 勤奋，努力diligent a. 勤奋的，孜孜不倦的dilute v.冲淡；稀释dim a. 暗淡的，模糊的，朦胧的v.(使)变暗淡dimension n.尺寸；面积；容积dimensional a. 尺寸的，…维的diminish v. 缩小，减少，递减dine v. 吃饭，进餐dioxide n. 二氧化碳dip v./n. 蘸,浸diphtheria n．白喉diploma n．文凭，证书diplomatic a．外交上的；有策略的directory n．姓名地址录；(美)董事会a．指导(性)的81disappoint v．令失望，使扫兴disaster n．灾害，灾祸，灾难disastrous a．灾难性的；造成惨重损失的disc n．圆盘，盘状物；唱片v．把…灌成唱片discard v．丢弃；遗弃；垫牌n．抛弃，被弃的物(或人)；垫牌discern v．看出；辨出；觉察，了解；辨别discharge v．／n．卸货；排出；释放;出院discipline n．纪律；训练；学科v.训练；惩诫disclose v．揭开，泄露disconnect v．分离，断开；拆开discontent n．不满意，不满的人a. 不满的v．令(人)不满discount n．／v．折扣discourse n．讲话，演讲；论说；论文discrepancy n. 差异；不一致，不符合discrete a.分离的；稀疏的discriminate v.区别，辨别，有差别地对待discrimination n.辨别，区别；识别力，辨别力；不公平待遇，歧视disdain v. n．轻视；不屑一顾disgorge v.吐出，呕吐disgrace n．失宠；耻辱；丢脸v．玷污；使丢脸disguise n．／v．假装，伪装disgust n．恶心，厌恶v．使恶心，使厌恶disincentive a．阻止的，抑制的n．(在生产等方面)起抑制作用的行动(或措施) disinfect v．杀菌，消毒disintegrate v．崩溃，分裂；分解；蜕变；衰变dislocation n．关节脱位，脱臼dismal a．忧郁的dismay n．灰心惊愕，沮丧v.使惊愕，使沮丧；使灰心dispatch v．派遣，发送；调度，调遣n.急件，快信dispensary n. 药房dispense v.分配；配(方)；发(药)disperse v．使疏开；使分散，解散；散布，传播a．分散的，弥散的disposable a．可处理的；可随意使用的；用一次就丢掉的disposal n．配置，布置；处理，处置；卖掉，让与；控制dispute v．争论，辩驳n．争论，争端disrupt v．分裂；破坏dissect v．分割；解剖disseminate v. 散播,传播,散布dissert v. 论述,写论文dissertation n．专题论述；(学位)论文dissipate v．驱散；浪费，挥霍；放荡；酗酒dissolve v. 溶解,融化;解除,解散,取消dissuade v．劝阻，阻止distal a．远侧的；末梢的；远中的distend v．扩张；肿胀distil(l) v．蒸馏；滴下distort v．歪曲，扭曲；变形distract v．分散，分心；弄昏，迷惑，使发狂district n．区，地区，行政区disturb v．扰乱，妨碍；打扰，使不安ditch n．沟，渠，水沟dive v．／n．潜水；跳水；俯冲diver n．跳水员，潜水员diverge v．分叉；分歧；离题；使…岔开，使转向diverse a．不一样的；多种多样的;多变化的；形形色色的diversity n．差异；多样性；变化divert v．转移；转向；转换divine a．神的，神圣的division n．分，分裂；除法；部门divorce v．／n．离婚，离异；脱离，分离dizzy a．眩晕的，头晕眼花的dock n．船坞，码头v．入坞，靠码头doctrine n．教义，主义，学说document n．文件，文献documentary a．文件的n．纪录片doll n．玩偶，玩具娃娃domain n．范围，领域domestic a．家里的，家庭的；国内的，国产的；驯养的dominant a．支配的，统治的；占优势的；显性的n．主因，要素，主要的人(或物)；显性基因dominate v．支配，统治；俯视；处于优势地位；高耸donate v.捐献，赠送donkey n．驴donor v．捐赠者；供血(输血)者doom n．厄运；毁灭v．注定，命定dorsum n．背，背部；背状部分dove n．鸽子downpour n．倾盆大雨doze v．打瞌睡；在瞌睡中度过n．瞌睡，打盹draft n．草稿，草案，起草，草拟drain n. 排水管，导管；排(水)，排液；引流drainage n．排水，排水法；排水设备(或系统)；流域；导液法；引流法drama n．剧本；戏剧；戏剧艺术(或事业) dramatic a．戏剧的，戏剧性的；显著的drastic a．激烈的，严厉的n．剧泻药；剧药draught n．拉，牵引，拖；一网（饮，吸，阵)；顿服药量，通风，v.起草，设计drawback n．弊端，障碍；退款，退税drawer n.抽屉；拖曳者；制图员；开票人dread n./v．恐惧，害怕，担心dreadful a.可怕的；糟透的；令人敬畏的drench v．浸透；淋透drift v．／n．漂，漂流drill v．／n．练习，操练，训练；钻孔，打孔drizzle v．下细雨droplet n.小滴；飞沫dropout n.中途退出；退学dropsy n.水肿病(浮肿病)drought n.旱灾，干旱drown v.淹死，淹没drowsy a.昏昏欲睡的；催眠的dual a．双重的；二元的due a．应付的，到期的；应有的，充分的n．应得物，当然权利duke n．公爵dull a．愚笨的，迟钝的；阴暗的；沉闷的；单调的v．使迟钝，使阴暗，减轻dumb a．哑的，无声的dump n．堆垃圾的地方；垃圾堆v.倾倒垃圾dumpling n．饺子duodenum n．十二指肠duplicate n．复制品，副本,复制，复写dwarf n. 矮子,侏儒dynamic a．动力的；能动的；机能上的；有生气的dynamical=dynamicdynamics n．力学，动力学,动力,原动力；动态dynasty n．王朝；朝代dysentery n．痢疾dysfunction n．功能障碍,功能不良/死调dyspepsia n．消化不良dysphagia n．吞咽困难dysplasia n．发育不良, 发育异常dyspnea n．呼吸困难dystrophy n．营养不良, 营养障碍eagle n．鹰Easter n. 复活节ebb n. v．落潮；退潮eccentric a. 古怪的，偏执的,不同圆心的eclipse n. 日蚀，月蚀v．把…遮暗ecological a. 生态的；生态学的ecology n. 生态学。
华东师范大学考博英语大纲词汇表
华东师范大学博士生英语入学考试大纲词汇表Aabase[5]vt.降低（身份，地位）；屈辱abash[5]vt.使局促不安,使困窘abate[5]v.减少,减轻；除去,缓和abbreviate[5:]v.缩写,缩略,简化,简写abdomen[5]n.腹,腹部abhor[5:]vt.憎恶,痛恨abide[5]v.坚持；遵守；忍受,容忍abnormality[7:5]n.反常，变态,畸形,异常性abolition[5]n.废除（奴隶制度）；取消abound[5]vi.大量存在；富于；充满abortion[5:]n.流产,堕胎；失败,中止abridge[5]v.删节；削减；精简abrupt[5]adj.突然的；陡峭的；鲁莽的，生硬的absorption[5:]n.吸收；专注abstraction[5]n.提取；抽象absurd[5:]adj.荒谬的,可笑的abuse[5:]n.滥用,辱骂v.滥用,虐待,辱骂academic[75]adj.学院的;理论的academy[5]n.研究院,学会,学术团体,学院accede[5:]v.同意;加入;就任acceptable[5]adj.可接受的;合意的accessible[5]adj.易接近的,可到达的;易受影响的accessory[5]n.附件,附加物,从犯;adj.附属的,补充的accidental[75]adj.意外的,附属的;n.非本质属性acclaim[5]n.喝彩,欢呼v.欢呼,欢迎acclimate[5]v.（使）适应新环境,（使）服水土accomplice[5]n.同谋者,帮凶accordance[5:]n.一致,和谐accordingly[5:]adv.因此,从而accost[5]vt.对...说话,搭话account[5]n.计算;帐目;说明;估计;理由v.说明;总计有;认为;得分accumulate[5:]v.积聚,堆积accuracy[5]n.精确性,正确度accustomed[5]adj.通常的,习惯的;按照风俗习惯的acknowledge[5]vt.承认;答谢,报偿acknowledgement[5]n.承认,确认;（复数）感谢acquaint[5]vt.使熟知；通知acquaintance[5]n.相识;熟人acquit[5]vt.宣判无罪;还清(债务)acquisition[75]n.获得;获得物acrid[5]adj.辛辣的,(言语或语调)刻薄的activate[5]vt.刺激；激活；触发；使产生放射actuate[5]vt.引发，开动；驱使；激励acute[5:]adj.敏锐的,[医]急性的,剧烈adaptive[5]adj.适应的addict[5]vt.沉溺,使上瘾；n.有瘾的人adduce[5:]vt.引证,举出(例证、理由、证据) adherence[5]n.粘着;忠诚;坚持adjacent[5]adj.邻近的;接近的adjustment[5]n.调整,调节;调节器admiration[75]n.钦佩，赞美,羡慕admissive[5]adj.容许的admonish[5]vt.劝告,训诫,警告adore[5:]v.崇拜,爱慕,(口语)喜爱adulate[5]vt.奉承,谄媚adverse[5:]adj.不利的;敌对的;相反的advert[5:]vi.注意,留意，谈到，提及afar[5:]adv.遥远地affable[5]adj.和蔼可亲的，友善的affiliate[5]v.(使...)加入,接受为会员，加盟affirmative[5]adj.肯定的;表示赞成的n.肯定语afflict[5]vt.使痛苦,折磨affluence[5]n.富裕,富足agency[5]n.代理处,行销处,代理,中介agenda[5]n.议程agitate[5]v.搅动,摇动;煽动;激动aggravate[5^]vt.使恶化,加重agonize[5^]vt.使极度痛苦,折磨;vi.感到极度痛苦agony[5^]n.苦恼;极大的痛苦ail[]vt.折磨,使疼痛,使烦恼aisle[]n.走廊,过道ajar[5:]adj.(门窗等)微开的akin[5]adj.同族的;类似的album[5]n.集邮本;照相簿;签名纪念册alert[5:]adj.提防的,警惕的n.警惕,警报aliment[5]n.食物,滋养品allay[5]vt.减轻,减少allege[5]vt.宣称,断言alleviate[5:]vt.使(痛苦等)易于忍受,减轻alley[5]n.小路,巷,小径allocate[5]vt.分派,分配allot[5]vt.(按份额)分配,分派allowance[5]n.津贴,补助,宽容,允许vt.定量供应alien[5]n.外侨，外星人adj.外国的;相异的alight[5]vi.落下adj.点着的,发亮的allocation[75]n.分配；安置allude[5:]vi.暗指,影射；间接提到allure[5]v.吸引,引诱,诱惑almighty[:5]adj.全能的alternate[:5:]adj.交替的,轮流的；预备的v.交替,轮流；改变alteration[7:5]n.变更,改造amass[5]vt.积,积蓄,积聚amazement[5]n.惊愕,惊异ambient[5]adj.周围的n.周围环境ambiguous[5]adj.有多种意思的；意思含糊的ambitious[5]adj.野心勃勃的；有抱负的amble[5]vi.缓行,溜蹄amiable[5]adj.亲切的,和蔼可亲的amid[5]prep.在…之中amoral[5]adj.与道德无关的,超道德的amplify[5]vt.放大(声音),增强（电压),扩大（效果范围）amusement[5:]n.消遣,娱乐(活动)analog[5^]n.类似物,相似体anarchy[5]n.无政府状态；政治混乱ancestor[5]n.祖先,祖宗angel[5]n.天使,可爱的人anguish[5^]n.痛苦,苦恼vt.使极苦闷,使极痛苦vi.感到痛苦animation[75]n.活泼,有生气;动画anniversary[75:]n.周年纪念anonymous[5]adj.无名的；不具名的,匿名的Antarctic[5:]adj.南极的antenna[5]n.天线;触角anthropology[75]n.人类学antibody[57]n.抗体antigen[5]n.抗原antipathy[5]n.憎恶,反感apex[5]n.顶点applaud[5:]v.鼓掌;称赞,赞成applause[5:]n.鼓掌欢迎,欢呼applicable[5]adj.可适用的,可应用的applicant[5]n.申请者,请求者appraisal[5]n.评价,估价,鉴定apprehend[75]v.领会理解;逮捕aptitude[5:]n.能力,才能；天资arbiter[5:]n.仲裁者；权威人士arbitrary[5:]adj.任意的,武断的,专断的archaeology[7:5]n.考古学architect[5:]n.建筑师architectural[7:5]adj.建筑上的,建筑学的archives[5:]n.档案,公文,档案室arena[5:]n.竞技场；舞台argumentation[7:^5]n.争论,论证;论点;讨论armament[5:]n.军备;武器array[5]n.展示；陈列;军队阵列;盛装vt.部署;穿着;排列arrogance[^]n.傲慢态度,自大artistic[:5]adj.艺术的,有美感的,风雅的artifact[5:]n.人造物品ascend[5]v.攀登;上升ascertain[75]vt.发现；查明；确定ashore[5:]adv.向岸,在岸上asperse[5:]v.诽谤，中伤assassinate[5]vt.暗杀,行刺assault[5:]n.攻击,袭击v.袭击assert[5:]v.断言,声称assertion[5:]n.主张,断言,声明assessment[5]n.估计，估算;评估，评价asset[5]n.财产；资产assignment[5]n.指派的职位;分配；指派assistance[5]n.帮助，协助assumption[5]n.假定；假设astound[5]vt.使惊骇,使大吃一惊atmospheric[75]adj.大气的attachment[5]n.附件,附加装置,配属attendant[5]n.服务员;随从人员attentive[5]adj.注意的,专心的,留意的attest[5]v.证明attic[5]n.阁楼；顶楼attorney[5:]n.<美>律师,代理人audible[5:]adj.听得见的augment[:^5]v.增加,增大;n.增加authentic[:5]adj.可信的;真的authoritarian[:75]adj.独裁的,独裁主义的autobiography[7:5^i]n.自传automate[5:]v.使自动化,自动操作autonomous[:5]adj.自治的autonomy[:5]n.自治；自治权auxiliary[:^5]adj.辅助的,补助的availability[75]n.可用性,有效性,实用性avenge[5]vt.为...报复,报仇aver[5:]vt.断言,主张awareness[5]n.意识,注意awe[:]n.敬畏;vt.敬畏axis[5]n.轴Bbachelor[5]n.单身汉,文理学士,幼雄兽bacon[5]n.咸肉,熏肉baffle[5]vt.困惑,阻碍,为难balcony[5]n.阳台;包厢,(戏院)楼厅bald[:]adj.光秃的;单调的,枯燥的ban[:]n.禁令vt.禁止,取缔(书刊等) bandage[5]n.绷带bankruptcy[5]n.破产，无偿付能力banner[5]n.旗帜,横幅,标语banquet[5]n.宴会bark[:]n.树皮;吠声v.吠,咆哮;剥树皮barren[5]adj.不孕的,贫瘠的,没有结果的n.荒地barricade[75]v.设路障n.路障barrister[5]n.出庭律师barter[5:]n.物品交换,实物交易v.物品交换bead[:]n.珠子,水珠bearing[5]n.轴承;关系;方面;意义;方位beckon[5]v.招手;召唤belittle[5]vt.轻视;使渺小beloved[5]adj.心爱的;n.所爱的人,爱人benevolent[5]adj.慈善的benign[5]adj.(病)良性的；(气候)良好的；（人）和蔼的bereave[5:]vt.剥夺,使失去bereft[5]adj.被剥夺的,失去亲人的,丧失的besiege[5:]vt.围困,围攻,包围beverage[5]n.饮料bewilder[5]vt.使迷惑,使不知所措,使昏乱bid[]vt.出价,投标;祝愿;命令,吩咐n.出价,投标v.支付biographer[5^]n.传记作者biologist[5]n.生物学家bleach[:]v.漂白,变白blend[]vt.混和n.混和bleak[:]adj.寒冷的,阴冷的,荒凉的,blemish[5]n.污点,缺点,瑕疵vt.弄脏,玷污,损害blizzard[5]n.大风雪blond[]adj.金发的n.白肤碧眼金发的人blueprint[5:7]n.蓝图,设计图;计划vt.制成蓝图blunder[5]v.跌跌撞撞地走,犯错;n.大错,失误blush[]v.脸红,羞愧；呈现红色n.脸红；红光bode[]v.预示;预告bombardment[5:]n.炮击,轰击bondage[5]n.奴役,束缚boorish[5]adj.土气的,粗鄙的boost[:]v.促（推）进；提升；增加；大肆宣传bootless[5:]adj.无用的,无益的botanical[5()]adj.植物学的n.植物性药材botany[5]n.植物学bracelet[5]n.手镯；臂镯brag[^]n.v.吹牛brandish[5]n.vt.挥；舞动breach[:]n.违背,破坏,破裂vt.打破,突破brevity[5]n.(时间)短暂;(讲话,文章等)简短bribe[]n.贿赂vt.贿赂,向...行贿bridegroom[5^:]n.新郎brink[]n.(峭岸、崖的)边缘brisk[]adj.敏锐的;凛冽的;轻快的,活泼的vt.使活泼vi.活跃起来bruise[:]n.瘀伤,擦伤v.打伤,撞伤bulletin[5]n.公告,bump[]n.撞击,肿块v.碰(伤),撞(破),颠簸buoyant[5]adj.有浮力的,轻快的Ccabal[5]n.(政治)阴谋小集团;(尤指政治上的)阴谋vi.策划阴谋calamity[5]n.灾难,不幸事件cabinet[5]n.橱柜;<美>内阁adj.<美>内阁的;小巧的caliber[5()]n.口径;才干;器量callous[5]adj.无情的,冷淡的;硬结的,起老茧的calumniate[5]vt.中伤,诽谤candid[5]adj.无偏见的,公正的;坦白的,率直的canny[5]adj.谨慎的;精明的;节约的cant[]n.伪善之言,黑话,隐语;斜面;角落vi.讲黑话;倾斜canvass[5]n.细查;讨论;拉票；推销vt.细究;向...拉选票或生意;讨论vi.游说,拉选票capacious[5]adj.容积大的;宽敞的,广阔的capacitance[5]n.容量;电容caprice[5:]n.反复无常;任性;怪想capsize[5]v.(特指船)倾覆caption[5]n.标题，说明,字幕vt.加上标题,加上说明captious[5]adj.吹毛求疵的,挑剔的captive[5]n.俘虏;被迷住的人adj.被俘的,被迷住的carrier[5]n.运送者,邮递员,航空母舰n.[电]载波（信号）cartridge[5:]n.弹药筒cascade[5]n.小瀑布,喷流vi.成瀑布落下casual[5]adj.偶然的,不经意的;临时的casualty[5]n.伤亡catalyst[5]n.催化剂；接触剂catastrophe[5]n.大灾难,大祸category[5^]n.种类,类别,[逻]范畴cathedral[5:]n.大教堂catholic[5]n.天主教徒adj.天主教的caustic[5:]adj.腐蚀性的；刻薄的，尖刻的caution[5:]n.小心,谨慎;警告vt.警告cede[:]vt.（权力，土地）放弃，割让celestial[5]adj.天上的censor[5]n.检查员vt.检查,审查censure[5]v.责难n.责难centrifugal[5^]adj.离心的cereal[5]n.谷类食品,谷类chaff[:]n.谷壳,糠;愚弄v.戏弄,开玩笑chamber[5]n.室,房间;议院,会所;(枪)膛champagne[5]n.香槟酒,香槟色chaos[5]n.混乱,混沌(宇宙未形成前的情形) characterize[5]vt.表现...的特色;刻画的...性格charitable[5]adj.仁慈的;(为)慈善事业的;宽恕的charter[5:]vt.租,包(船、车等)n.宪章chary[5]adj.仔细的,谨慎的;吝啬的chasm[5]n.深坑,裂口，断层chatter[5]n.(鸟类)啁啾声;(小溪)流水声vi.喋喋不休地谈cherish[5]vt.珍爱;怀抱(希望等)chew[:]vt.咀爵(食物等)v.咀嚼,认真考虑chilly[5]adj.寒冷的choleric[5]adj.易怒的chord[:]n.弦,和音;情绪chronic[5]adj.慢性的;延续很长的chum[]n.(特指男孩之间)密友,室友vi.结为密友（与up连用）cider[5]n.苹果酒circumscribe[5:]vt.在...周围画线;限制circumspect[5:]adj.慎重的,周到的circumvent[7:5]vt.围绕,包围;智取civilian[s5]n.平民,公务员,文官adj.民间的,民用的civilize[5]vt.使开化,使文明,教化champ[]v.(指马)使劲地嚼;焦急clarify[5]v.澄清;阐明clarity[5]n.清楚,透明clash[]n.冲突;撞击声;抵触v.(使)发出撞击声;猛撞;冲突clasp[:]n.扣子;钩;紧握classification[75]n.分类,分级clearance[5]n.清理，清除；出空cleanse[]v.纯净；使清洁cleft[]n.裂缝,隙口cliche[:5]adj.陈腐的climax[5]n.高潮,顶点clique[:]n.朋党派系，小集团clog[^]n.障碍,重物v.障碍,阻塞closed-minded[-5]adj.倔强的,顽固的closet[5]n.壁橱,小室，厕所adj.秘密的,非公开的clot[]n.凝块,群v.(使)凝结cloudburst[5\:]n.倾盆大雨,豪雨clout[]n.权力,势力cloying[]adj.甜得发腻的clumsy[5]adj.笨拙的cluster[5]n.串,丛vi.丛生,成群coagulant[^]n.凝结剂coalesce[5]v.合并,联合,结合coarse[:]adj.粗略的,粗糙的,粗鄙的coax[]vt.巧言诱哄coda[5]n.终结句,乐章结尾部coerce[5\:]vt.强制,强迫coeval[5:()]adj.同年龄的，同时代的cogent[5]adj.强有力的,使人信服的,恰到好处的cognizant[5^]adj.了解的,知道的,觉察到的cohere[5]vi.粘合(连),凝结；联(结)合,有连贯性coincide[75]vi.一致,符合collapse[5]v.(使)倒塌n.倒塌collude[5:]v.串通，共谋colonnade[5]n.柱廊colossal[5()l]adj.大的,庞大的coma[5]n.昏迷（状态）combustion[5]n.燃烧combustible[5()]adj.易燃的,燃烧性的；易动激情的comical[5()]adj.好笑的,滑稽的comely[5]n.清秀,美丽;合宜comity[5]n.礼让,礼仪;团结,联合commencement[55]n.(大学)毕业典礼;开始commend[5]vt.委托给；推荐；嘉奖commensurate[5]adj.同样大小的，相称的commercial[5\:()]n.广告节目adj.商业的,贸易的commitment[5]n.委托,实行,承担义务,赞助committed[5]adj.效忠的；忠于…的commodious[5]adj.宽敞的commonsense[9]adj.具有常识的commotion[5()]n.骚动，动乱compassion[5]n.同情,怜悯compendium[5]n.简要，概略compensate[5]v.偿还,补偿；付报酬complacency[5]n.满足,安心complaisance[5]n.彬彬有礼,殷勤,柔顺complexion[5]n.面色,肤色;情况,局面compliant[5]adj.顺从的,适应的compliment[5]vt.称赞,褒扬,恭维comply[5]vi.顺从,答应composed[]adj.镇静的,沉着的compress[5]vt.压缩,压榨compromise[5]n.妥协（案）,折衷(案),和解v.妥协,折衷；危及...的安全,危害；损害（名誉）compunction[5()]n.良心的责备,后悔,悔恨concatenate[5]v.成串地连结，连锁concede[5:]v.承认（为正确）；让步concentrate[5]v.集中,专心；浓缩concerted[5\:]adj.商议好的,协同的；预定的concerto[5]n.协奏曲conciliate[5]v.安抚；调和concise[5]adj.简明的,简洁的concord[5:]n．和睦;公约concur[5\:()]vi.意见相同,一致；同时发生condemn[5]vt.判刑;责备,谴责;声讨condescending[5]adj.谦逊的;故意屈尊的condign[5]adj.相当的,适宜的condole[5]v.表达同情或悲伤condone[5]vt.赦免；宽恕conducive[5]adj.有助于…的confess[5]v.承认,坦白；忏悔confidant[5t]n.心腹朋友,知己confident[5]adj.有信心的,有把握的confine[5]vt.限制；闭居confluence[5]n.（河流）汇流处；（意见）汇集conform[5:]vt.使遵守vi一致confront[5]vt.使面对；对抗；比较；使对质congeal[5:]v.(使)冻结；(使)凝结congenial[5:]adj.同性质的；适意的；趣味相同的congruent[5^]adj.适合的；一致的,符合的；全等的conjecture[5()]n.v.推测，臆测connive[5]vi.默许，纵容；暗中合作,密谋策划connoisseur[5\:()]n.鉴赏家，行家conquest[5]n.战胜,征服,战利品conscientious[5]adj.有责任心的,负责的,本着良心的consensus[5]n.一致,交感,团结conservative[5\:]adj.保守的n.保守的人conserve[5\:]n.蜜饯,果酱vt.保存,保全considerable[k5()]adj.相当的可观的,重要的consign[5]vt.托运,委托console[5]vt.安慰,藉慰consolidate[5]vt.巩固；使联合,统一consonance[5]n.一致,调和；和音conspicuous[5]adj．显著的，显而易见的conspiracy[5]n.共谋,阴谋constellation[5()]n.星座，星群constitute[5:]vt.构成,组成,任命constrained[5]adj.被强迫的；拘泥的；不舒服的constringe[]vt.使收缩；使收敛；压缩consult[5]v.商量,商议,请教；参考；考虑consummate[5]adj.完美的；极致的；圆满的contagious[5]adj.传染性的,会蔓延的,会传播的contaminate[5]vt.弄污,弄脏；毒害；传染,染污contemplate[5]vt.注视；沉思；打算contempt[5]n.轻视,轻蔑content[5]adj.满足的,满意的contentious[5]adj.好辩的，喜争吵的contingent[5]adj.偶尔发生的,意外的；视条件而定的contort[5:]v.扭弯；曲解contradictory[9]adj.反驳的,反对的,抗辩的contravene[5:]v.违反，违背；反驳,反对contrived[5]adj.做作的,不自然的controversial[75:]adj.争论的,有争议的contumacious[:5]adj.违抗的，不服从的conundrum[5]n.(答案有双关意义的)谜语,难题convalesce[5]vi.渐渐康复,渐愈convenience[5:]n.便利,方便；有益convention[5()]n.大会；协定；惯例conventional[5()]adj.惯例的,常规的；习俗的,传统的convergent[\:]adj.趋集于一点的,会聚性的；收敛的conversant[5\:]adj.亲近的,有交情的；熟悉的convert[5\:]vt.使改变信仰；兑换；倒置convex[5]adj.表面弯曲如球的外侧,凸起的convey[5]vt.传达,运输,转移conviction[5()]n.确信，信服，深信;定罪convoke[5]v.召集（会议）coordinate[5:]n.同等者,同等物；(复数)坐标adj.同等的,并列的vt.调整,整理cope[]vi.(善于)应付或处理copious[5]adj.丰富的corpse[:]n.尸体cord[:]n.细绳，索，带coronation[:5()]n.加冕典礼corporeal[:5:]adj.肉体的；有形的,物质的corral[5]vt.占有，围住n.畜栏corroborate[5]vt.（以新资料）支持或加强（意见，主张）；证实corrosive[k5]adj.腐蚀的,腐蚀性的,蚀坏的costume[5:]n.装束,服装coterie[5]n.（有共同兴趣的）小团体，小圈子counsel[5]n.讨论,商议；辩护律师vt.劝告,忠告covet[5]v.垂涎,觊觎cower[5]vi.畏缩,退缩coy[]adj.腼腆的,怕羞的,卖弄风情的cozy[5]adj.舒适的,安逸的,惬意的crave[]v.恳求,渴望credulous[5]adj.轻信的creed[:]n.信条crimson[5]adj.深红色的n.深红色cripple[5]n.跛子v.削弱crisp[]adj.脆的,易碎的crooked[5]adj.弯曲的；拐骗的；不老实的crouch[5]vi.蜷缩,蹲伏crucial[5:]adj.至关紧要的cruise[:]vi.巡游,巡航n.巡游,巡航crumb[]n.碎屑；少许vt.搓碎,弄碎crumble[5]v.弄碎,粉碎,崩溃n.面包屑crush[]vt.压碎,碾碎；压垮,粉碎；(使)变形culminate[5]v.达到顶点curator[5]n.馆长,监护人currency[5]n.流通;货币curriculum[5]n.课程curt[:]adj.简略的customary[5]adj.习惯的,惯例的cutter[5]n.刀具,切割机cylindrical[s5()]adj.圆柱体的；圆筒形的cynical[5()]adj.愤世嫉俗的,讽刺的,冷嘲的Ddabble[5()]vi.玩水,泼溅,涉猎daft[]adj.傻的，愚蠢的damper[5()]n.起抑制作用的因素,断音装置dank[]adj.阴湿的dapper[5()]adj.衣冠楚楚的；干净的dart[:]vi.疾走,突进,飞奔,投掷dastard[5]n.懦夫,胆小的人daunt[:]vt.使胆怯，使畏缩dawdle[5:()]vi.vt.游手好闲,混日子deactivate[:5]vt.解除动员,复员,使无效,使不活动deaden[5()]vt.使减弱,消除dearth[\:]n.缺乏,粮食不足,饥谨debark[:5:]vt.使登陆,卸载,使下船debase[5]v.贬低，贬损debilitate[5]vt.使衰弱debonair[5()]adj.殷勤的,高兴的,快活的,温文尔雅的debris[5:]n.碎片,残骸debunk[:5]v．揭穿真相，暴露decadence[5]n.衰落，颓废decant[5]vt.轻轻倒出,移入其他容器decelerate[:5]v.(使)减速decibel[5]n.分贝（音量的单位）decipher[()]vt.破解,解释decode[:5]vt.解码,译解decorum[5:]n.礼仪decree[5:]n.法令,政令,判决v.颁布decrepit[5]adj.衰老的，破旧的dedication[5()]n.奉献;致力;献辞deduce[5:]vt.推论,演绎出deference[5]n.敬意，尊重deficiency[5]n.缺乏,不足defile[:5]v．弄污，弄脏n．（山间）小道definitive[5]adj.最后的;确定的;权威性的deforest[:5:]vt.采伐森林,清除树林defraud[5:]vt.欺骗defuse[:5:]vt.放松;抚慰;减轻defy[5]vt.不服从,藐视,挑衅,违抗dehydrate[:5]vt.(使)脱水deject[5]vt.使沮丧,使灰心deliberate[5]adj.深思熟虑的；审慎的delicacy[5]n.细软;精致;精美的食品;娇气delude[5:]vt.迷惑,蛊惑delve[]v.探究,查考demagogue[5^^]n.煽动者,群众煽动者demanding[5]adj.过分要求的,苛求的demise[5]n.死亡vt.让渡,遗赠,转让demography[5^]n.人口统计学demolition[9]n.破坏,毁坏,坏之遗迹demoralize[5:]vt.使道德颓废,使堕落,挫折锐气demotic[(:)5]adj.通俗的;与平民有关的；大众化的demur[5\:()]v．表示异议，反对denigrate[5^]vt.使变黑,玷污,诋毁denounce[5]v.指责，揭发denude[5:]v．脱去;剥蚀;剥夺depart[5:]vi.离开,出发;去世;违反;放弃depict[5]vt.描述,描写deplete[5:]vt.耗尽,使衰竭deplore[5:()]vt.悲悼,哀叹；指责deploy[5]v.展开;调度;部署deportation[::5()]n.驱逐,放逐depose[5]vt.免职;作证deposit[5]vt.使淤积depravity[5]n.堕落,腐败,邪恶deprecate[5]vt.声明不赞成,抨击,反对depreciate[5:]v.贬低，贬值depress[5]vt.使沮丧;压低,降低;使萧条deprivation[75]n.剥夺;剥夺官职,免职deracinate[5()]vt.根除,灭绝;孤立derelict[5]adj.被抛弃了的n.遗弃物deride[5]vt.嘲弄,嘲笑derivative[5]adj.摸仿他人的；无创意的n.衍生物descendant[5]n．后代，后裔descent[5]v.降落n.降下,降落;世系,血统;侵袭desert[5\:]vt.放弃;遗弃;逃跑desiccate[5]vt.使干,干贮designate[5^]adj.（官职）已任命但还未就职的despair[5()]n.绝望,失望,令人失望的人(事物) despicable[5()]adj.可鄙的,卑劣的despise[5]vt.轻视;厌恶despondent[5]adj.失望的，意气消沉的dessert[5\:]n.甜点心detain[5]v.拘留；留住；阻止detergent[5:]n.清洁剂,去垢剂deteriorate[5]v.(使)恶化detest[5]vt.厌恶,憎恨detract[5]v.转移devoid[5]adj.全无的,缺乏的devolve[5]vt.转移；传下；[生物]退化；衰落vi.被移交devour[5]vt.(尤指动物)吞吃,狼吞虎咽；挥霍devoutly[5]adv.虔诚地,虔敬地diagnose[^,]v.诊断；分析原因dialectic[75]adj.辩证的didactic[]adj．教诲的，说教的diehard[5:]adj.顽固的diffident[5]adj.无自信的,内向的,羞怯的diffuse[5:]adj.散开的;罗嗦的v.发散；散播；普及；散射digit[5]n.数字,位数,指头dignity[5^]n.尊严,高贵digress[5^]v.离题；转移话题dilapidate[]v.(使)荒废;(使)毁坏dilate[5]vt.使膨胀；使扩大diligent[5()]adj.勤勉的,用功的dilute[5:]v.冲淡,稀释;削弱减小dimension[5()]n.尺寸,存在于空间范围的一种量变diminish[5]v.减少,减损（权势、声誉）din[]n.喧闹声，嘈杂声diplomatic[5]adj.外交的,老练的disabuse[5:]v.打消（某人）的错误念头;纠正disaffected[5]adj．（政治上）不满的;叛离的disagreeable[5^:()]adj.不愉快的,厌恶的,不为人喜的disarray[5]n.杂乱的状态；混乱disavow[5]vt.否认,否定,抵赖discard[5:]vt.丢弃,抛弃,解雇discernible[\:]adj.可辨别的discerning[5\:]adj.有洞察力的,眼力好的眼光敏锐的discharge[5:]vt.卸下;放出;解雇;放电;履行disciple[5()]n.信徒,弟子,门徒discipline[5]n.纪律;学科v.使遵守准则，使服从权威disclaim[5]v.放弃;弃权;拒绝discombobulate[9]v.扰乱，使困惑陷入混乱的状态discomfit[5]v.使窘迫；使困惑；使惊慌discommode[5]v.使不便；打扰；给…添麻烦discompose[5]vt.使不安,使烦乱,使烦恼disconcert[5\:]vt.使困惑,使仓皇失措,破坏discord[5:]n.不调和,不和discourse[5:]n.演讲;论文discredit[5]v.败坏…的名声；诽谤;使羞辱discrepancy[5]n.不同，矛盾discrete[5:]adj.分离的,不连续的,离散的discretion[5()]n.慎重,辨别力,考虑,处理权discriminate[5t]v.区别,差别待遇discursive[5\:]adj.散漫的；无层次的disdain[5]v.轻视、鄙视disembody[5]v.使脱离实体；使脱离现实disengage[5^]vt.使自由,解放,解开disentangle[5^()]v.解决，解脱，解开，澄清disfigure[5^]v.损伤外貌,使变丑disgorge[5^:]v.呕出；（水）流走disguise[5^]vi.隐瞒，掩埋n.假装disgust[5^]n.厌恶,嫌恶dishevel[5]vt.使蓬乱,使头发凌乱,使衣服弄皱disinfect[5]vt.消毒disinterested[5]adj.无私欲的,廉洁的,公平的disjunctive[5]adj.可分的,分离的,隔的disparage[5]v.贬抑；轻蔑dispassionate[5()]adj.冷静的,不带感情的,平心静气的dispatch[5]v.n.派遣，发送；速办disposal[5()]n.处理,排列,支配,布置；废料disquiet[5]n.v.担心，焦虑disregard[5^:]v.不理会,忽略,漠视disrupt[5]vt.使分裂,使瓦解dissemble[5()]v.隐藏、掩饰（感受，意图）disseminate[5]vt.散播,传播,宣传dissent[5]vi.持异议,不同意dissertation[5()]n.论文dissociate[5]v.(使)分离,游离,分裂dissolute[5:]adj．放荡的，无节制的dissolve[5]v.（使）溶解，分解，分离；解散，取消dissuade[5]vt.劝阻distention[]n.膨胀（作用）distillation[5()]n.蒸馏distinction[5()]n.区别，差别；特征（性）；高贵；著名；荣誉distinguished[5^]adj.卓著的,著名的distort[5:]vt.扭曲,歪曲distract[5]vt.转移,使分心；使发狂distraught[5:]adj.心神狂乱的,极其烦恼的distress[5]n.精神紧张v.使忧虑；使痛苦district[5]n.区域,地方,管区,行政区diverge[5\:]vi.分歧,岔开divert[5\:]vt.使转向vi.转移divulge[5]vt.泄漏(秘密等);宣布doctrine[5]n.教义，主义；学说dogged[‘:^]adj.顽固的,顽强的dogma[‘:^]n.教条dolorous[5]adj.悲哀的，忧愁的domicile[5]n.住所,住宅domination[5()]n.支配,控制,管辖donor[5()]n.捐赠人downpour[5:()]n.暴雨doze[]vi.瞌睡;假寐drain[]vt.排出沟外;喝光;耗尽dreary[5]adj.沉闷的dubious[5:]adj.可疑的;不确定的dull[]adj.钝的,无趣的,呆滞的,阴暗的dullard[5]n.愚人,笨蛋dune[:]n.(由风吹积而成的)沙丘dwelling[5]n.住处dyspeptic[]adj.消化不良的,患胃病的;脾气坏的Eearthy[5:]adj.土的,粗陋的,朴实的;现实的eccentric[5]adj.古怪n.行为古怪的人eclipse[5]n.(天)食,日蚀,月蚀;蒙蔽;衰落ecological[75]adj.生态学的,社会生态学的ecstasy[5]n.入迷，狂喜edifice[5]n.大厦,大建筑物efface[5]v.擦掉，抹去；忘却，漠视effete[5:]adj.衰老的，虚弱的，精疲力尽的effulgent[5()]adj．光辉的，灿烂的effusive[5:]adj.感情横溢的；充溢的；喷涌而出的elaborate[5]adj.精细的,详尽的,精心的elastic[5]adj.有弹性的,能伸缩的；可通融的elated[]adj.得意洋洋的；振奋的elegant[5^]adj.优雅的,端庄的,高雅的elevate[5]vt.举起；提拔；鼓舞elicit[5]vt.引出,抽出（事实）；诱出（回答）elitism[5:()]n.精英论ellipsis[5]n.省略elongate[5:^]v.延长,伸长emaciate[5]v.消瘦,虚弱emanate[5]vi.散发,发出,发源emancipate[5]v.解放，解除embark[5:]vi.乘船；着手,从事；上飞机embarrass[5]vt.使困窘,使局促不安；阻碍embed[5]vt.埋；使插入embolden[5]v.给……壮胆，鼓励embrace[5]n.v.互相拥抱；包含；收买；信奉emigrate[5^]v.(使)移居,(使)移民eminence[5]n.卓越；显赫emphasis[5]n.强调,加强;重要,强语气emulate[5]vt.与…竞争；效法enclosure[5()]n.附件;围墙;围绕encompass[5]v.围绕,包围,包含,含有encounter[5()]n.v.相会,相遇,遭遇encumber[5]v.阻碍,妨害;成累赘encyclopedia[5:]n.百科全书endorse[5:]vt.签名于(票据)等的背面;确认;赞同enduring[]adj.持久的；忍耐的engross[5^]vt.全神贯注于enlighten[5()]vt.授予...知识,启发,教导,开导enmity[5]n.敌意,憎恨ensue[5:]vi.跟着发生,继起entangle[5^()]vt.使纠缠,卷入,使混乱enthusiasm[5:()]n.狂热,热心entrap[5]vt.骗入，诱捕；陷入enumerate[5:]vt.列（枚）举；计算,数envision[]vt.想象；预想epic[5]n.史诗；英勇的;超出正常范围的epilogue[5^]n.收场白，尾声epistemology[5]n.认识论epitomize[]vt.摘要,概括equipoise[5]n.平衡,均衡equity[5]n.公正,（公平的）事物；资产净值erect[5]adj.直立的,笔直的；毅然的；谨慎的v.建立，竖起erode[5]v.(受)腐蚀，(受)侵蚀erratically[5]adv.不规律地,反常地escalate[5]v．(战争等)升级,扩大;上升esteem[5:]n.v.尊敬,尊重estimable[5()]adj.可尊敬的,可估计的estrange[5]vt.使疏远,离间,使离开etch[]n.腐蚀剂v.蚀刻eternal[5\:()]adj.永恒的,永远的,不灭的ethereal[5]adj.轻的;象空气的;天上的ethics[]n.道德规范evacuate[5]v.疏散,撤出;排泄evade[5]v.规避,逃避,躲避evanescent[5()]adj.短暂的,瞬息的everlasting[5:]adj.永恒的,持久的,无止境的evict[5]vt.逐出,赶出,驱逐evoke[5]vt.唤起,引起exaggerate[^5]v.夸大,夸张exalt[^5:]v.提升,提高,得意洋洋exasperate[^5:]vt.使恼怒,激怒,恶化exceptional[5()]adj.例外的,异常的,特别的excerpt[5\:]n.摘录,节录;引用(from) exclamation[5()]n.惊呼,惊叹词excoriate[5:]v.剥（皮）；擦伤（皮）；严厉批评excrete[5:]vt.排泄；分泌excursive[5\:]adj.游览的；离题的；散漫的execute[5:]vt.执行,实行,制成,处死exemplary[^5]adj.可仿效的,可做模范的exert[^5\:]vt.发挥,运用,施以影响exhaust[^5:]vt.用尽,耗尽,抽完,使精疲力尽exonerate[^5]v.免除责任，确定无罪exorbitant[^5:]adj.过份的,过度的exotic[^5]adj.外来的，异国的expansive[5]adj.易膨胀的,易扩张的;健谈的expedite[5]vt.加快,促进；派出adj.畅通无阻的,迅速的；方便的expedition[e5()]n.远征,探险（队）；迅速exposure[5]n.暴露,揭露,曝光；方向,陈列expound[5]v.详细说明,解释extempore[5]adj.即席的,当场的adv.当场n.即席之作exterminate[[5:]v.消除；根除extinct[5]adj.熄灭的,灭绝的,耗尽的extraterrestrial[75]adj.地球外的,宇宙的extravagant[5^]adj.奢侈的,浪费的；过分的,放纵的extricate[5]]vt.使解脱,救出；使(气体)游离；放出extrovert[5:]n.性格外向者extrude[5:]v.挤压出（成）；突（伸）出；逐出Ffable[5]n.寓言,神话,谎言;vi.讲故事,编寓言fabricate[5]vt.制作,构成,捏造,伪造,虚构facade[5:]n.正面facilitate[5]vt.使容易,使便利；推动,帮助,促进factitious[5]adj.人为的,做作的,不自然的faculty[5]n.才能,本领,；全体教员；(大学的)系,科fallacious[5]adj.谬误的,靠不住的,令人失望的,不合理的fallible[5]adj.易错的,可能犯错的falter[5:]vt.支吾地说,结巴地讲出;vi.支吾,蹒跚踉跄,摇摆,(声音)颤抖;n.颤抖,支吾,踌躇famine[5]n.饥荒,<古>饥饿；严重缺乏fantastic[5]adj.幻（空）想的；奇异的fantasy[5]n.幻想,白日梦fascinate[5]vt.使着迷,使神魂颠倒fastener[5:]n.扣件,纽扣,按钮,使系牢之物fawn[f%8n]n.(未满一岁的)小鹿,小山羊,小动物v.奉承,讨好adj.浅黄褐色feasible[6fi8z*b*l]adj.(切实)可行的feat[fi8t]n.技艺;功绩;技艺表演adj.漂亮;合适的fecund[6fi8k*nd]adj.生殖力旺盛的,多产的;丰饶的,肥沃的ferry[6feri8]n.摆渡,渡船,渡口v.渡运,(乘渡船)渡过,来往行驶fervent[6f*8v*nt]adj.炽热的fictitious[fik6ti.*s]adj.假想的,编造的;虚伪的,假装的;小说中的finicky[6finiki]adj.过分注意(讲究,周到)的finite[6fai7nait]adj.有限的,[数]有穷的,限定的fixture[6fikst.*]n.固定设备；预定日期；比赛时间；[机]装置器flake[fleik]n.薄片v.使成薄片；剥落；雪片般落下flap[fl#p]n.拍打（声）v.拍打；鼓翼而飞；飘动；扔,掷flaunt[fl%8nt]n.招摇,炫耀；飘扬;v.挥动；夸耀,炫耀；飘扬flaw[fl%8]n.缺点,裂纹,瑕疵vt.使破裂,使有缺陷,使无效flee[fli8]vt.逃避,逃跑vi.消散,逃,消失flick[flik]n.(用鞭)快速的轻打,轻打声；弹开v.轻弹,轻轻拂去；忽然摇；(翅)拍动；(旗)飘扬flicker[6flik*]n.扑动,闪烁,闪光,颤动vi.闪动,闪烁,摇动,[美俚]昏倒,假装昏倒vt.使摇曳,使闪烁fling[fli0]n.投,掷,猛冲,暴躁的行动,急冲,嘲弄,讥笑vt.猛投,抛,掷,使陷入,挥动,嘲笑,扫视vi.猛冲,直冲,急行flip[flip]v.掷,用指轻弹,抽打，轻击,空翻，翻动书页n.抛,弹,筋斗adj.无礼的,冒失的,轻率的fluster[6fl(st*]n.慌乱,狼狈,混乱；激动vt.使酩醉；使慌张；使激动vi.慌张的行动,混乱flux[fl(ks]n.涨潮；变迁；[物]流量；通量vi.熔化；流出vt.使熔融,用焊剂处理foil[f%il]n.箔,金属薄片；烘托,衬托vt.衬托,阻止,挡开,挫败,贴箔于foist[f%ist]vt.偷偷插入,使混入；把...强加(于),把...塞(给) forcibly[5:]adv.强制地,用力forebode[f%8r6boud,four-]v.预示,预言,预兆,预感forlorn[5:]adj.被遗弃的；绝望的；孤独的formation[f%8r6mei.*n]n.形成,构成；编队formidable[6f%8rmid*b*l]adj.强大的,令人敬畏的,艰难的formulate[6f%8rmj*7leit]v.用公式表示,明确表达；作简洁陈述；阐明fortitude[6f%8rti7tu8d]n.坚忍不拔fossil[6f%s*l]n.化石；僵化的事物adj.化石的；陈腐的,守旧的foster[6f%8st*]vt.养育,抚育,培养,鼓励n.养育者,鼓励者fractious[5]adj.易怒的,倔强的,脾气不好的fracture[5]n.破裂,骨折v.(使)破碎,(使)破裂fragile[5]adj.易碎的,脆的fragment[5^]n.碎片,断片,片段frail[]adj.虚弱的,脆弱的n.<美俚>少女,少妇frantic[5]adj.狂乱的,疯狂的fraud[:]n.欺骗,欺诈行为,诡计,骗子,假货fray[]n.冲突,打架,争论；(织物等)磨损处vt.使磨损vi.被磨损freelance[6fri87l#ns]n.自由作家；自由记者freshen[5]v.(使)显得新鲜；(使)精神饱满；(使)减少咸味fringe[]n.边缘,须边,刘海adj.边缘的,额外的v.在...上加以缘饰,成为...的边缘frustrate[5]v.挫败,阻挠,使感到灰心,阻止fulsome[5]adj.过度的,令人生厌的,过分的functional[5]adj.功能的furtive[5:]adj.偷偷摸摸的,秘密的；私下的fuse[:]n.保险丝,熔丝v.熔合futile[5:]adj.琐细的；无用的,无效果的；(人)没有出息的Ggadfly[5^]n.牛蝇；讨厌的人gainsay[^5]v.否认galaxy[5^]n.星系,银河；一群显赫的人gamble[5^]n.冒险，赌博v.赌博,投机,孤注一掷gangster[5^]n.歹徒,士匪,强盗gape[^]v.打呵欠n.呵欠garbage[5^:]n.垃圾,废物garble[5^:]vt.断章取义,混淆garnish[5^:]v.装饰gaunt[^:]adj.憔悴的gaze[^]v.盯,凝视n.凝视gear[^]n.齿轮,传动装置;v.调整,(使)适合；换档gem[]n.宝石,珍宝,美玉；精华；被喜爱的人generality[75]n.一般（普遍）性；概要genial[5]adj.亲切（和蔼）的；（气侯）温和适宜的generate[57]v.产生,发生genetic[5]adj.遗传的；起源的gentry[5]n.上流社会；上流人士geologic(al)[5]adj.地质(学)的,地质(学)上的germane[:5]adj.有密切关系的；适切的ghastly[5^:]adj.苍白的,死人般的；可怕的,惊人的adv.可怕地；惨白地gibe[]v.嘲笑n.嘲笑gigantic[5^]adj.巨人般的,巨大的giggle[5^^]v.咯咯地笑n.傻笑gist[]n.要点,要旨；依据；[法律]诉讼主因glamorous[5^]adj.富有魅力的,迷人的glare[^]n.眩目的光,显眼,怒目而视v.闪耀gleam[^:]n.微弱的闪光,一丝光线；瞬息的一现v.（使）发微光,使）闪烁，隐约闪现glide[^]v.滑行,悄悄地走；(时间)消逝n.滑行,滑翔,滑移,滑音glitter[5^]vi.闪烁,闪光n.闪光global[5^]adj.球形的,全球的,全世界的gloomy[5^:]adj.黑暗的,阴沉的；令人沮丧的,阴郁的glossary[5^]n.语汇，术语表glossy[5^]adj.平滑的,有光泽的gorge[^:]n.咽喉；胃；暴食；山峡；障碍物v.狼吞虎咽gracious[5^]adj.亲切的,高尚的graphic[5^]adj.绘画似的；图解的gratitude[5^:]n.感激之情gratuitous[^5(:)]adj.无报酬的，免费的；无必要的，无理由的grievance[5^:]n.委屈,冤情,不平grope[^]v.摸索n.摸索grouch[^]n.不高兴的人,心怀不满vi.闹脾气,发牢骚grudge[^]v.吝啬，不给予；羡慕，妒嫉n.怨恨，恶意gruel[^,^]n.麦片粥vt.重罚；使精疲力尽grumble[5^]n.怨言,满腹牢骚v.抱怨,发牢骚,咕哝，喃喃地说出guile[^]n.狡诈,诡计guise[^]n.外观,姿态,装束,伪装v.伪装guilty[5^]adj.犯罪的,有罪的；内疚的gullible[5^()]adj.易受骗的gush[^]v.涌出Hhabitation[75]n.居住；生活环境,住所haggard[5^]n.野鹰adj.憔悴的,形容枯槁的；野性的haggle[5^]n.v.争论；争价hail[]n.冰雹；致敬,招呼；一阵vt.向...欢呼,致敬,招呼；使象下雹样落下hamburger[5:^]n.<美>碎牛肉,牛肉饼,汉堡包hamper[5]v.妨碍,牵制handicap[5]n.障碍,阻碍；障碍赛跑v.妨碍,使不利,阻碍。
《中国科学院博士入学英语考试大纲重点词汇 精讲 巧记 速练》读书笔记思维导图
01
Groups 61-65
02
Groups 66-70
03
Groups 71-75
04
Groups 76-80
06
Groups 86-90
05
Groups 81-85
谢谢观看
02
Section H
03
Section I
04
Section J
06
Section L
05
Section K
01
Section M
02
Section N
03
Section O
04
Section P
06
Section R
05
Section Q
Keys to the Exercise...
01
Groups 1-5
最新版读书笔记，下载可以直接修改
《中国科学院博士入学英 语考试大纲重点词汇 精
讲 巧记 速练》
思维导图PPT模板
本书关键字分析思维导图
中国科学 院
英语词汇 中英文
词组 练习
例句
模拟
词汇
英语考试
聚焦 释义
测验
博士
同学
真题
形式多样
文字
硕士
文学语言
目录
01 Part One Key Vocabul...
03 Keys to the Exercise...
02 Part Two Key Phrases...
本书收录了中国科学院《硕士博士研究生词汇速记》和中国科学院博士入学英语考试历年真题中出现的高频 词汇和词组，配以中英文释义、例句以及形式多样的练习和模拟测验，旨在帮助正在准备参加中国科学院博士入 学英语考试的同学实现英语词汇的聚焦，短时高效地掌握考博的高频词汇。
博士英语常用词汇
博士英语常用词汇2019.10ward off 避开寒冷（邪恶）feverish (情绪) 极度紧张兴奋的，极度焦虑狂躁的（Feverish emotion）紧张忙乱的; 狂乱的（Feverish activity ）courteous 彬彬有礼的 puppy 小狗 set out 动身，制定 set in （季节）到来，（雪冰）开始降落 set apart 拨出（时间，金钱） set back 使受挫折 startle 受惊的 elevate 升高disperse 驱散传播 proclaim vt. 宣告，公布；表明；赞扬，称颂 declaim 慷慨陈词; 高声朗诵 vi. 抨击；（在公共场合）大声抗议 admonish 责备 address 向…作正是讲话，对…发表演说confide 吐露，承认 leave his options open 保留余地 disseminate 散步，传播 repository 存储库 pertinent to 有关系的 subject to 视.. 而定，由.. 决定的 a full rang of 全面的 erroneously adv. 错误，不正确 genuinely 真正的；非伪造的；名副其实的 metropolitan 大都市，大城市 firmly adv. 坚固地；稳固地；坚定地；坚决地 firm 商行，商号 rhetoric n. 修辞学；辩论法，雄辩术；华丽的文词；花言巧语 incentives n. 激励某人做某事的事物 penalties n. 惩罚( penalty 的名词复数 ) ；刑罚；害处；足球点球reap 获得；收获；得到；取得 campaign n. 运动；竞选运动；战役；季节性竞赛 vi. 参加[发起]运动，参加竞选；参战，参加战役；作战smuggle vt. 偷运；私运；lieutenant colonel 陆军中尉 amputate （cut off）vt.（用外科手术）截（肢等）；切断；砍掉；删除 hook vt. 钩，钩住；引上钩；牢牢抓住commitment n. 承诺，许诺；委任，委托；致力，献身；承担义务；收监; 送入医院prey 捕食（习性）；受害者；受骗者 nibbling 动词啃; 一点一点地咬(或吃) staple (食物、产品或活动) 主要的，基本的；主要部分; 重要内容；订书钉 embark vt. 使…上船或飞机；使从事，使着手；投资 tributary n. 支流；进贡国；附庸国；进贡者adj. （需向…）进贡的；附庸的；辅助的；支流的 trophy n. 纪念品，战利品；奖品，奖杯（牌）；胜利纪念柱；战利品雕饰 adj. 显示身份或地位的；提高身价的；有威望的 persecution （尤指因宗教、政治信仰或种族而受到的）迫害 hypothetical adj.假设的，假定的；有前提的；爱猜想的；假想 tantalized 使(某人) 想要却得不到(某物); 逗引; 挑逗; 撩拨tormented adj. 饱受折磨的 v. 使备受折磨，使痛苦，烦扰( torment的过去式和过去分词 ) ；折磨，戏弄，烦扰 shimmering v. 闪闪发光，发微光( shimmer的现在分词 ) The lights shimmered on the water... 水面上波光粼粼coveted adj. 令人垂涎的；垂涎的，梦寐以求的，人人向往的 v. 贪求，觊觎(covet的过去分词) ；垂涎；贪图 commodity n. 商品；日用品；有价值的物品；有利，有益immortality n. 不朽，不朽的声名，流芳百世 immorality n不道德 girding empires and currencies 束缚帝王和货币 malleability n. 有延展性，柔韧性，柔顺 pharaohs暴君 fine 罚款 attachment n 爱慕，忠诚；（邮件、文件）附件 ruffle （为表示喜爱）抚弄(他人头发) ；使泛起涟漪; 使起伏不平；使惊慌; 使失去信心; 激怒; 使沮丧；(鸟类) 竖起(羽毛) ；衣服领口、袖口等处的）褶边，褶饰，花边2019.03Wither 枯萎凋谢 withhold 抑制，阻挡 withstand 反抗，抵挡，禁得起 knockout（拳击比赛中）击倒 bail out 帮助摆脱困境 rule out 排除，用直线划掉；宣布…不可能，排除…的可能性 envisage 想象，设想 visualize 想象，设想 improvise 即兴发挥 trophy 战利品，奖品 treat 请客 trifle 小事 tribute 贡品 prompt 敏捷的，及时的，迅速的 dove 和平鸽 dose 药物剂量 dole 施舍物，赈济品 doze 小睡contend 全力对付，竞争，奋斗 enhance 提高，增加（价值、品质、吸引力entertainer 表演者outdo 胜过 overtake 追上，赶上linger over磨蹭，拖延，慢慢的进行 predecessor前任（被取代的原有事物）premium 保险费 sensation 激动 upheaval 动乱，剧变outbreak 爆发（疾病战争）hold out 坚持到底 hold forth 给予提供 hold off 推迟hold down 保有工作，抑制热情 convert 兑换转变 propaganda （政治）宣传活动further evolution and refinement 进一步的发展和改善 shed light on提供信息说明be prone to有…倾向的，易于…的 poise n.泰然自若；自信；体态；姿态vt. 使平衡；保持（某种姿势）；抓紧；使稳定 look through看一遍 carry through渡过难关 sail through顺利通过 put through接通电话，做妥一件工作 groundless adj. 无理由的，无根据的；平白无故；飞；莫须有 hasty adj. 仓促完成的；急忙的；草率的；轻率的 conducive 有益的 entitled to有.. 的资格 arrogant 傲慢的，自负的 self-esteem 自尊自大傲骨cynical 愤世嫉俗 amiable 和蔼可亲的 sloppy adj. 懒散的，草率的；稀薄的；多雨的，泥泞的；过于伤感的 nothing but 是，只有 anything but 不是 catastrophe 大灾难maiden 未婚女子 in the bosom of 在…怀里 feudal 封建的 peculiar 古怪的，异常的，特殊的 genre 类型种类 enrage vt. 激怒，使暴怒 impetus 动力促进势头 protest抗议；反对 grievance n. 不满；苦衷；委屈；牢骚 pervade 渗透 be reluctant to 不情愿 allegedly 据说 forge 伪造signature 签名 enrolling 登记，招收，入学，入伍gross 显而易见的，粗俗的 probation 试用缓刑domestic violence家庭暴力 riddle （用子弹）把…打得到处是洞，使满是弹孔；谜团，谜语 overblown 停息的 liver 肝脏regimen n. （为病人规定的）生活规则，养生法；养生之道trainers 教练 certify vt. （尤指书面）证明；发证书给…；证明（某人）患有精神病；颁发（或授予）专业合格证书 solicit v. 恳求；（指娼妇）拉客；索求；征求 flatly 纯粹的，直截了当的maliciously 恶意的 grudge 不满 rein 控制 2019.03Privilege 特权prime 全盛期，最佳部分dwindle 减小 come into play起作用asto关于take apart剖析come around恢复知觉compliment 称赞，致意concealment 隐藏，隐瞒endow 捐赠，赠予occasionally 偶尔 draw on利用 everything else无论什么事情所有事情anything else 别的东西anything but 决不anything 任何事etiquette （尤指特定阶层的）礼仪，礼节; （尤指特定行业的）行为规范，规矩willingly 欣然的dreary adj.沉寂的；阴沉的；令人厌烦的；枯燥的 n. 可怕的人物bunch 一串，一群 inscrutable 不可理解的connotation 内涵，含义，言外之意unify使相同，使一致 accessible 易接近的，可理解的reinforce 加固pitfall 缺陷，陷阱sexuality 性行为aggression 侵略行为expositor 说明者inaccessible adj. 达不到的；难见到的；不能接近的；可望而不可即 triumphant 成功的thrive on 靠吃…长壮；喜欢…mammoth 庞大的grumbling 抱怨binding 约束awe 使惊奇，使恐惧admission n.准许进入；承认；坦白；入场费substance 物品；重要性; 重大意义；主旨; 要点; 实质; 基本内容；事实基础; 根据substantial buildings 坚固的建筑 substantial number of weapons 大量的武器 substantial change重大变化 substantial agreement基本一致2019.10retailing industry零售业 escalate 使逐步上升exalt 提升，提高dash out冲撞a stock in trade惯用手段set the stage era为…打好基础为…创造了条件unintentional 无心的，不是故意的 apprehend vt. 理解，明白；逮捕，拘押；忧虑apprehension n. 不安，忧虑，忧惧；理解（力），领悟，了解；拘捕apprehensive adj. 忧虑的；有理解力的；惶惑exclamation n. 呼喊，惊叫；感叹；感叹语；感叹词 shy away避免stay away远离，保持距离discharge the feeling释放情绪 discharge 卸下，解雇，放出dispatch 派遣，发送 disarm 解除武装缓和 displace 移植取代underneath 骨子里ail v. 生病；感到不舒服；处境困难；境况不佳 cyber-security 网络安全obligation n. 义务，责任；证券，契约；债务；恩惠obligatory adj. 必须的；应尽的；义务的；强制性的 disclosure 公开，揭露 router 路由器 holes 洞 luster光泽 vender 卖主 innate sense 天生，天赋 kick in开始生效；起作用；捐献；捐助cubs 不懂规矩的年轻人 degraded soils 土地退化dried-out aquifers地下蓄水层干枯warrant n. 授权证；许可证；正当理由；依据 vt. 保证，担保；授权，批准；辩解eavesdrop 偷听omit 漏掉defend 辩护civil servants文职，公务员 civil 公民的，有礼貌的，民用的 navigate 驾驶 aggravates 使恶化，使更严重cutthroat 不公正的，不道德的，n 残暴的犯罪 gobbling down狼吞虎咽的吃 crafted 手工制作perception看法，知觉，观察力norm 标准2019.03Frugally adv. 节约地，俭朴地 explicitly adv. 明白地，明确地 fall out翻脸intangible 无形的 intelligible 明白易懂的，可理解的imminent 即将到来tedious冗长的redundant 冗长的，多余的disposable 可供使用的，一次性使用royalties n.王族（成员）( royalty的名词复数 ) ；（著作的）版税；矿区土地使用费（由采矿或石油公司等付给土地所有人）spark 激起 spark outrage 激起民愤bare 光秃秃的futility 无益，无效 reinventing 重新发明彻底改造yearn to渴望向往 nag 抱怨折磨 eloquently 善辩地，富于表现力的graceful 优美的memoir 自传silliness 愚钝，糊涂 demolishing v. 摧毁( demolish的现在分词 ) ；推翻；拆毁（尤指大建筑物）；吃光 beholder 旁观者canvas 帆布，油画raggedy 破烂的vegetation 植物dug up挖出pedestrians 步行者 hydrangeas 八仙花属 prairie 大草原mess with混乱caged greenery被关在温室里gimmick 花招exceptional adj. 优越的；杰出的；例外的；独特的 n. 超常的学生 nor 也不；也不是throwback 复古; 回归 buffet 自助餐连续猛打buffer 缓冲tramp 大步走entice 诱惑infuriating 令人大怒的maddening 令人发狂的faddism 追随流行baffler n. 调节墙；困扰阻碍者rattle 使紧张; 使不安；（使）发出震颤（或碰撞）声; （使）发出格格声the media hype跟风类型lurking 潜在gaunt憔悴的荒凉的struck 罢工迷恋某事物tertiary 第三纪lavas 火山岩basalt 玄武岩hexagonal 六角形的quadrangular 四边形pentagonal 五边形heptagonal 七边形的octagonal 八边形的Trihedral 三边形的 faint-hearted 胆怯的，怯弱的intimate 令人惊恐的; 骇人的; 令人胆怯的 faint adj. 微弱的，模糊的；软弱的；无勇气的；将昏倒似的fanciful 不现实的，富于幻想的chasm 峡谷 initiated 开始; 创始; 发起multiplicity n. 多样性silhouettes 轮廓recyclable 可循环再利用counterproductive adj. 反生产的，使达不到预期目标的misconduct 行为不正的obstruct 阻塞 eligible 有资格的outrageous 不可理喻的，无法容忍的 2019.10strip 除去at will随时at ease不拘束drawdown n. （抽水后）水位降低，水位降低量；垂伸；牵伸perplexed 困惑，不知所措held up耽搁well-integrated 完全融入on/to the verge of接近，频临于 counterpart 职能(或地位) 相当的人; 对应的事物crew 工作人员tale 传说，谣言mutiny 反叛，叛乱allegedly 据说contentious 引起争论的unmitigated adj. 彻底的，未缓和的；未减轻的；十足的 loathing 厌恶；憎恶；强烈的反感rotting carcasses腐烂的尸体hedgerows （通常指乡间路边或田边的）树篱law-abiding 奉公守法prosecuted 控告，起诉mutt 笨狗barristers 法律顾问deploy有效的利用，施展entice vt 诱惑怂恿seductively 富有魅力的rammed 夯实，猛撞campaigner n. 从军者，出征者，竞选者energize vt. 加强，给与…以活力；使活跃；[物]给与…能量，给与…电压 poignancy 辛酸 grumpy 脾气暴躁的plague 困扰折磨jet lag时差反应alien 外星人alienate 疏远 alienability 可疏远的 alienable 可让与的mutual adj. 共有的；共同的；相互的；彼此的film stock股份self-deprecating 谦虚的revitalize 使复兴，使恢复元气disillusionment 幻想破灭glaring 耀眼的2019.03tempo with节奏 obsolete 废除obscene 淫秽的oblique 倾斜的，直截了当的provisional adj. 暂时的，临时的；暂定的sensational 巨大的，了不起的count for有价值unearth vt. 发掘；揭露bewildering 让人困扰reignite 重新激起toddler 幼童democrats 民主党党员 republicans 共和党的sober 头脑清醒的fraught with dire-consequences担心可怕的结果fraught 装满的，忧虑的，担心的mandatory 强制的aggravating 使恶化2019.10Bombard 轰炸afloat 在经济上应付自如jargon 行话evasive 逃避shoot hermouth off说话不谨慎judicious 明智的far-fetched 牵强，不自然sanitary 清洁卫生sensible 明智的shares 股份，股票compliment 问候unduly poking his nose干涉别人的nerves 令人心烦make a point of重视，强调appalling 令人震惊的，骇人听闻的legalese 法律术语contestant 竞争者 hierarchical adj. 按等级划分的spark 发动，燃起火花disposition n. 性情，性格；意向，倾向smatter 一知半解appalling adj. 骇人听闻的，令人震惊的；可怕的contestant n. 竞争者legalese 法律术语device 设计pun 双关语crave 渴望，恳求victimhood 自找苦吃的人paradox 自相矛盾的人或事，悖论unorthodox 非正统的parade 展示，游行，炫耀portray 描绘menial jobs不体面的工作a slew of大量patriotism 爱国主义者entity 实体，实际存在的物patron saint守护神patron 资助人，保护神shamrocks 三叶草drums 击鼓proliferate 激增，增值out of hand无法控制sorely 严重的donors 捐赠者Acknowledging v. 承认( acknowledge的现在分词 ) ；鸣谢；对…打招呼；告知已收到Assumption n. 假定，臆断( assumption 的名词复数 ) ；（责任的）承担；（他人债务的）承继；[the A-][基督教]1)。
博士生入学考试英语辅导(写作部分)
博士生入学考试英语辅导(写作部分)博士生入学考试英语辅导(写作部分) 黄年根解放军理工大学工程兵工程学院Lecture on WritingFor Non-English Major Doctor CandidatesBy Prof. HuangEngineering Institute of Engineer Corps, PLA University of Science and EngineeringRequirement:write a passage of 120--140 words in 30 minutesGrading Criterion:1. coherence (内容切题): related ideas, topic sentences in paragraphs; 2. construction: full development, unity, logic, cohesion, being clear and to the point; 3. transition and variation of sentences; 4. grammar and dictionSampleTopic: Do you think it a good idea to have the graduate students participate in more physical activities in the army, factories or the countryside instead of concentrating on their textbooks alone? Give your reasons to support your opinionsI think it a good idea to have the graduate students participate in more physical activities in the army, factories or the countryside instead of concentrating on their textbooks alone. It bases on the following reasons. The most important of all, These activities is good to our health. By more physical activiteis in the army, factories or the countryside. Our body canbe exerciesed stronger and more heathy. So It can deal with our poor health after long term studying. Secondly, It can make us connect the knowledge with the proactieces. Our knowledges are often limited to the textbooks and we often find it is impractcable after we graduate from colleges. So, It is useful to make out knowledge more reasonable. Thirdly, It help us develop the patrocism idea. And recognize our nation’s real situaltion. Based on the above reasons, I think we should participate in more such activities.AppraisementI think it a good idea to have the graduate students participate in more physical activities in the army, factories or the countryside instead of concentrating on their textbooks alone. It bases on the following reasons. The just important of topic direction Para. 1most a copy of the all, These activities is good to our health. By more physical bases on…‖ the army, be correctedthe DIt is based Our Mistake in DIt activiteis in It should factories or as countryside. body can be exerciesed stronger and more heathy. So It can deal with on….‖ health after long term studying. Secondly, It can make us our poor connect the knowledge with the proactieces. Our knowledges are 1. Capitalization:textbooks and we often find it is impractcable often limited to the after we graduate from colleges. So, It is useful to make out 2. Spelling mistakes knowledge more reasonable. Thirdly, It help us develop the 3. Grammar mistakes patrocism idea. And recognize our nation’s real situaltion. 4. Ba sed on the abovereasons, I think we should participate in more Illogic such activities. 5. Poor dictionSample 2:Not just on your textbooksAs a graduate student, you can not just pay attention to your textbooks. You should participate in more ph ysical activities in the army, factories or countryside. First of all, we are in a society that is full of all kinds of knowledge. It is necessary for us to learn them in the society. Then, if you want to be competitive in applying a job after graduation, you had better participate in more physical activities. For a company, your social experience may be more important than your knowledge from your textbooksNot just on your textbooksFinally, taking such activities can help you grasp your textbook better. When you solve the practical problem with your knowledge, you improve it also. I would like to give the suggestion: Don’t missing any opportunity to participate in physical activities.评析：观点明确，文字连贯。
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近义词或同义词
A. income B. commission C. salary D. pension A. overwhelmed B. affected C. dominated D. influenced
Words and Phrases
Word-study: 动词词组(V+prep, 动词词组(V+prep, V+adv)
Words and Phrases
Skills:
– 词汇量题 (测试对词语的识别能力，选择项中的词一般较生僻或难掌握） He made such a ＿＿＿＿ contribution to the university that they are naming one of the buildings after him.
构词法的掌握情况）
The rain was heavy and ＿＿＿＿ the land was flooded.
A) consequently C) continuously B) constantly D) consistently
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
Words and Phrases
Skills:
– 固定搭配题（动词搭配，名词搭配和形容词搭配等，既测试识别词汇
博士生入学英语辅导
黄 年 根
解放军理工大学工程兵工程学院
Words and Phrases
Requirement (based on the various syllabus) :
CET 4: 4200 words CET 6: 5500 words AE: 6500 words Master: CET-4+1300 words=5300 words Doctor: Master+1000 words=6300 words Exam: either based on CET 6 or Master English, that is to have at least 5300 words plus 600 phrases.
Words and Phrases
Word-study: 构词法 Word-Roots 举例：
– – – – – – – – – – bio:biology, antibiotic, biochemistry center:concentrate, centrifugal clud:conclude, exclude, include, dict: dictation, predict, indicate fact:factory, manufacture geo:geology, geography ject:eject, inject, project lect:collect, elect, selection log, loqu: logic, dialogue, eloquent spec: spectacle, prospect
A) genuine C) minimum B) modest D) generous
I should like to rent a house， modern， comfortable and ＿＿＿ in a quiet neighbourhood.
A) all in all C) above all B) after all D) over all
Words and Phrases
More examples of Word-formation Commonly-Tested Phrases
Test One Test Two
Model Test
下一讲：语法
Goodbye
其它固定搭配词组
– be full of , be interested(absorbed in), to be frank with, in front of, generally speaking
Words and Phrases
Word-formation:构词法
– Derivation through Affixes: Prefixes, Suffixes (modern, modernization) – Conversion: water, swim, run, walk, smoke, advance, produce, interview, debate – compounding:easy-going, heart-felt, ready-made, duty-free,sightseeing, long-term, sometimes – shorting, clipping, acronyms and blending: phone, (omni)bus, lab(oratory), taxi(cab), photo(graph), maths, flu, smog, heliport ,brunch, newscast, medicare, NATO, TNT, WTO, VIP, CCTV
的能力，又检查对词语的辨异能力以及活用的能力）
In the experiment we kept a watchful eye ＿＿＿＿ the developments and recorded every detail. A) in B) for C) at D) on
Suggested Way of Word-Study: Word– usage difference: for reading --a large vocabulary for listening, reading and writing--key words – words of production and words o f recognition – root words and their derivations: e.g.wave, stand
Words and Phrases
Types of Words: 异形异义词
A. individually C. correspondingly B. respectively D. accordingly
近形异义词
A. mentality B. morality C. majesty D. majority
Words and Phrases
Parts of the Exam :
Part I . Listening (9 conversations and 2 passages) Part II. Voc and Structure (50% each) Part III. Reading (4-5 Passages) Part IV. Colze Part V. Translation Part VI. writing (Ref. Test Paper `99 ）
Words and Phrases
Skills:
– 词汇量题 (测试对词语的识别能力，选择项中的词一般较生僻或难掌握） – 同／近义词题（注意各个词的特殊意义以及各自在用法上的特殊
要求）
American women were ＿＿＿＿ the right to vote until after many years of hard struggle. A) ignored B) refused C) neglected D) denied – 同／近形词题（测试考生对词形和词义掌握的准确程度，以及对
– A.go in for – A.took over – A.think out – A.give out B.go over B.took out B.give up C.go without C.took off C.give off D.go out D.took on D.give in
B.think about C.think over D.think for
Words and Phrases
Word-study: 介词词组(Prep+noun, 介词词组(Prep+noun, pronoun gerund)
– in return, in the long run, in turn, in place, in all, in the first place, in time, in brief – at least, at all, at best, at worst, at once