社会学英语
社会学英语名词释
社会学英语名词释————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：23 社会学英语名词解释Aaccounting 说明过程 人们提供说明以理解世界的过程。
（俗民方法论）accounting practices 说明过程的实践 某人提出说明而其他人接受或拒绝该说明的方式。
（俗民方法论） accounts 说明 行动者解释（描述、批评及理想化）特定情境的方式。
（俗民方法论）act 行动 米德理论的基本元素，包含冲动、知觉刺激、对知觉感到的客体采取行动，并利用该客体满足原先的冲动。
action 行动 人们所做之事是意识过程创造的结果。
actual social identity 实际的社会认同 人们真正是什么样的人。
(戈夫曼)adaptation 适应 帕森斯的四种必要功能之一。
系统必须能适应它的环境，并能调整环境以符合系统所需。
更详细地说就是，系统必须能处理外在情境的危险及突发事件。
affectivity-affective neutrality 情感-情感中立 此模式变量系指对某种社会现象要投注多少情绪(或情感)。
(帕森斯)affectual action 情感性行动 由情绪引起的非理性行动。
(韦伯)agency 能动力(性) 系指行动者所做之行动;亦即，如果不是行动者介入并采取所谈论之行动，所发生之事可能不会以那种方式发生。
agents 行(能)动者 有能力为社会世界带来影响的行(能)动者;行(能)动者拥有权力。
alienation 异化 人们与其生产活动、所生产的物品、一起共事的同僚及其潜能之间的自然联系崩解了或被分离了。
(马克思)anomie 失序 伴随有机连带社会而兴起的一种感觉，亦即不知道自己该做什么。
人们在社会游荡，并且缺乏清楚、具安全感的寄托。
(涂尔干)对默顿而言，当社会结构个文化之间发生严重断裂，被结构创造出来的人们依文化规范和目标运作，但当规范和目标发生严重断裂时，就产生失序的情形。
社会学英语词汇大全了解社会学术语洞察社会现象与人际关系
社会学英语词汇大全了解社会学术语洞察社会现象与人际关系社会学英语词汇大全：了解社会学术语，洞察社会现象与人际关系社会学是研究社会现象和人际关系的学科，其专业术语涉及广泛并且具有一定的专业性。
对于想要深入了解社会学的人来说，熟悉社会学的英语词汇是非常重要的。
本文将为您提供一个社会学英语词汇大全，帮助您更好地理解社会学术语，洞察社会现象与人际关系。
一、社会学基础术语1. Sociology（社会学）- 一门研究社会行为和社会关系的学科。
2. Society（社会）- 人们通过共同的文化和制度相互关联的社会结构。
3. Individual（个体）- 社会中的单个成员，具有独特的特征和行为。
4. Community（社区）- 具有共同利益和目标的个体的集体组织。
5. Culture（文化）- 一组共同的实践、信仰、价值观和行为方式，塑造着社会的特征。
二、社会学理论和学派1. Functionalism（功能主义）- 强调社会结构的作用，以及不同社会机构与整个社会的相互关系。
2. Conflict theory（冲突理论）- 着重于社会中不同群体之间的冲突和不平等。
3. Symbolic Interactionism（符号互动主义）- 特别关注个体之间的相互作用和符号的使用。
4. Structuralism（结构主义）- 强调社会结构和文化观念对个体行为的影响。
5. Feminism（女性主义）- 关注性别平等和女性权益的理论和运动。
三、社会学研究方法1. Survey（调查）- 通过问卷、采访等方式收集大量数据，以了解群体的意见和行为。
2. Observation（观察）- 观察和记录社会现象和行为，以获得深入的了解。
3. Experiment（实验）- 在特定条件下进行控制和观察，以测试假设和因果关系。
4. Interview（访谈）- 通过面对面或电话交流，收集个人的经验和观点。
5. Content analysis（内容分析）- 对书籍、文章、广告等文本进行定性分析，以获取信息和洞察。
学科类英语单词
学科类英语单词学科类英语单词引导语；学科是与知识相联系的一个学术概念，是自然科学、社会科学两大知识系统。
以下是店铺为大家整理的学科类英语单词，欢迎阅读！1、Chinese语文2、English英语3、Japanese日语4、mathematics数学5、science理科6、gymnastics体育7、history历史8、algebra代数9、geometry几何10、geography地理11、biology生物12、chemistry化学13、biochemistry生物化学14、physics物理15、physical geography地球物理16、literature文学17、sociology社会学18、linguistics语言学19、psycology心理学20、philosophy哲学21、engineering工程学22、mechanical engineering机械工程学23、electronic engineering电子工程学24、medicine医学25、social science社会科学26、agriculture农学27、astronomy天文学28、economics经济学29、politics政治学30、comercial science商学31、Medical Molecular Biology医学分子生物学32、anthropology人类学33、languistics语言学34、accounting会计学35、law， jurisprdence法学36、banking银行学37、metallurgy冶金学38、finance财政学39、mass—communication大众传播学40、journalism新闻学41、atomic energy原子能学42、civil engineering土木工程43、architecture建筑学44、chemical， engineering化学工程45、accounting and satisics会计统计46、business administration工商管理47、library图书馆学48、diplomacy外交49、foreign language外文50、botany植物51、major主修52、minor辅修。
社会学专业英语文章——什么是社会学
Sociology is the study of society.[1] It is a social science (with which it is informally synonymous) that uses various methods of empirical investigation[2] and critical analysis[3] to develop and refine a body of knowledge about human social activity, often with the goal of applying such knowledge to the pursuit of social welfare. Subject matter ranges from the micro level of agency and interaction to the macro level of systems and social structures.[4] Sociology is both topically and methodologically a very broad discipline. Its traditional focuses have included social stratification (i.e., class relations), religion, secularization, modernity, culture and deviance, and its approaches have included both qualitative and quantitative research techniques. As much of what humans do fits under the category of social structure and agency, sociology has gradually expanded its focus to further subjects, such as medical, military and penal institutions, the internet, and even the role of social activity in the development of scientific knowledge. The range of social scientific methods has also broadly expanded. The linguistic and cultural turns of the mid-20th century led to increasingly interpretative, hermeneutic, and philosophic approaches to the analysis of society. Conversely, recent decades have seen the rise of new mathematically and computationally rigorous techniques, such as agent-based modelling and social network analysis.。
社会学的英语作文
社会学的英语作文Title: The Role of Sociology in Understanding Contemporary Society。
Sociology plays a crucial role in comprehending the complexities of contemporary society. Through its systematic study of human behavior, social relationships, and institutions, sociology provides valuable insights into the dynamics and structures that shape our lives. In this essay, we will explore the significance of sociology in understanding various aspects of modern society.Firstly, sociology helps us grasp the intricacies of social interaction. By examining patterns of behavior and social norms, sociologists shed light on how individuals navigate interpersonal relationships and group dynamics. Through concepts such as socialization and social control, sociology elucidates the mechanisms through which society maintains order and cohesion.Moreover, sociology enables us to analyze the formation and functioning of institutions within society. Whetherit's education, family, economy, or politics, institutions exert profound influence on our lives. Sociological perspectives, such as structural functionalism and conflict theory, offer contrasting lenses through which we can understand how these institutions operate, evolve, and sometimes clash.One area where sociology proves particularly insightful is in the study of social stratification and inequality. In every society, there exist hierarchies based on factors such as wealth, race, gender, and education. Sociology examines the underlying mechanisms that perpetuate these inequalities, whether through institutional discrimination, economic disparities, or cultural norms. By uncovering these dynamics, sociologists contribute to the pursuit of social justice and equality.Furthermore, sociology helps us comprehend the complexities of globalization and cultural diversity. In an increasingly interconnected world, understanding howcultures interact, merge, or resist each other is essential. Sociologists investigate phenomena such as cultural diffusion, cultural imperialism, and multiculturalism, shedding light on both the opportunities and challenges presented by globalization.Another crucial aspect where sociology plays a vitalrole is in addressing social problems and promoting social change. By identifying root causes and underlying patterns, sociologists contribute valuable knowledge to efforts aimed at tackling issues such as poverty, crime, environmental degradation, and healthcare disparities. Through research, advocacy, and policy analysis, sociology serves as acatalyst for positive social transformation.In addition, sociology provides a lens through which we can examine the impact of technology on society. Thedigital revolution has transformed how we communicate, work, and interact with each other. Sociologists study phenomena such as social media, online communities, and digital surveillance, exploring their implications for privacy, identity, and social cohesion.Moreover, sociology offers valuable perspectives on the relationship between individuals and the broader social structures. Through concepts such as agency and structure, sociologists explore the interplay between individual actions and societal constraints. This understanding is crucial for navigating issues such as freedom, responsibility, and social change.In conclusion, sociology is indispensable for understanding the complexities of contemporary society. From analyzing social interactions to addressing social problems and examining the impact of globalization and technology, sociology provides valuable insights into the dynamics that shape our lives. By fostering critical thinking and promoting social awareness, sociology contributes to building a more informed, equitable, andjust society.。
各个学科名字的英文单词
各个学科名字的英文单词各个学科名字的英文单词每一门学科的名字都有属于它的英文单词，为此店铺为大家带来各个学科名字的英文单词。
学科名的英文单词Chinese 语文English 英语Japanese 日语history 历史mathematics 数学physical education 体育algebra 代数geometry 几何geography 地理biology 生物chemistry 化学physics 物理literature 文学psychology 心理学sociology 社会学philosophy 哲学engineering 工程学mechanical engineering 机械工程学electronics 电子学medicine 医学social science 社会学agriculture 农学astronomy 天文学economics 经济学politics 政治学biochemistry 生物化学anthropology 人类学linguistics 语言学accounting 会计学law 法学metallurgy 冶金学finance 财政学,金融学journalism 新闻学civil engineering 土木工程学architecture 建筑学business administration 工商管理学chemical engineering 化学工程学botany 植物学学科的英文例句计算机科学目前已是一门成熟的.学科。
Computer science is now a fully-fledged academic subject.他熟悉这一学科。
He is at home with this subject.她已全面掌握了这一学科。
She has a comprehensive grasp of the subject.但愿我能精通这门学科就好了。
各个学科的英文单词
各个学科的英文单词在大学中有那么多个学科，你能一一用英语说出来吗?下面是店铺整理的各个学科的英文单词，欢迎大家阅读!中文学科、专业名称英文学科、专业名称哲学 Philosophy哲学 Philosophy马克思主义哲学 Philosophy of Marxism中国哲学 Chinese Philosophy外国哲学 Foreign Philosophies逻辑学 Logic伦理学 Ethics美学 Aesthetics宗教学 Science of Religion科学技术哲学 Philosophy of Science and Technology西方经济学 Western Economics世界经济 World Economics人口、资源与环境经济学Population, Resources and Environmental Economics应用经济学 Applied Economics国民经济学 National Economics经济学 Economics理论经济学 Theoretical Economics政治经济学 Political Economy经济思想史 History of Economic Thought经济史 History of Economic区域经济学 Regional Economics财政学(含税收学) Public Finance (including Taxation)金融学(含保险学) Finance (including Insurance)产业经济学 Industrial Economics国际贸易学 International Trade劳动经济学 Labor Economics统计学 Statistics数量经济学 Quantitative Economics中文学科、专业名称英文学科、专业名称国防经济学 National Defense Economics法学 Law法学 Science of Law法学理论 Jurisprudence法律史 Legal History宪法学与行政法学 Constitutional Law and Administrative Law 刑法学 Criminal Jurisprudence民商法学(含劳动法学、社会保障法学) Civil Law and Commercial Law (including Science of Labour Law and Science of Social Security Law )诉讼法学 Science of Procedure Laws经济法学 Science of Economic Law环境与资源保护法学Science of Environment and Natural Resources Protection Law国际法学(含国际公法学、国际私法学、国际经济法学、) International law (including International Public law, International Private Law and International Economic Law)军事法学 Science of Military Law政治学 Political Science政治学理论 Political Theory中外政治制度 Chinese and Foreign Political Institution科学社会主义与国际共产主义运动Scientific Socialism and InternationalCommunist Movement中共党史(含党的学说与党的建设) History of the CommunistParty of China(including the Doctrine of China Party and Party Building)马克思主义理论与思想政治教育Education of Marxist Theory and Education in Ideology and Politics国际政治学 International Politics国际关系学 International Relations外交学 Diplomacy社会学 Sociology社会学 Sociology人口学 Demography人类学 Anthropology民俗学(含中国民间文学) Folklore (including Chinese Folk Literature)民族学 Ethnology民族学 Ethnology马克思主义民族理论与政策 Marxist Ethnic Theory and Policy 中国少数民族经济 Chinese Ethnic Economics中国少数民族史 Chinese Ethnic History中国少数民族艺术 Chinese Ethnic Art教育学 Education教育学 Education Science教育学原理 Educational Principle课程与教学论 Curriculum and Teaching Methodology教育史 History of Education比较教育学 Comparative Education学前教育学 Pre-school Education高等教育学 Higher Education成人教育学 Adult Education职业技术教育学 Vocational and Technical Education特殊教育学 Special Education教育技术学 Education Technology心理学 Psychology基础心理学 Basic Psychology发展与心理学 Developmental and Educational Psychology应用心理学 Applied Psychology体育学 Science of Physical Culture and Sports体育人文社会学 Humane and Sociological Science of Sports 运动人体科学 Human Movement Science体育教育训练学 Theory of Sports Pedagogy and Training民族传统体育学 Science of Ethnic Traditional Sports文学 Literature中国语言文学 Chinese Literature文艺学 Theory of Literature and Art语言学及应用语言学 Linguistics and Applied Linguistics汉语言文字学 Chinese Philology中国古典文献学 Study of Chinese Classical Text中国古代文学 Ancient Chinese Literature中国现当代文学Modern and Contemporary Chinese Literature中国少数民族语言文学 Chinese Ethnic Language andLiterature比较文学与世界文学Comparative Literature and World Literature外国语言文学 Foreign Languages and Literatures英语语言文学 English Language and Literature俄语语言文学 Russian Language and Literature法语语言文学 French Language and Literature德语语言文学 German Language and Literature日语语言文学 Japanese Language and Literature印度语言文学 Indian Language and Literature西班牙语语言文学 Spanish Language and Literature阿拉伯语语言文学 Arabic Language and Literature欧洲语言文学 European Language and Literature亚非语言文学 Asian-African Language and Literature外国语言学及应用语言学 Linguistics and Applied Linguistics in Foreign Languages新闻传播学 Journalism and Communication新闻学 Journalism传播学 Communication艺术学 Art艺术学 Art Theory音乐学 Music美术学 Fine Arts设计艺术学 Artistic Design戏剧戏曲学 Theater and Chinese Traditional Opera电影学 Film广播电视艺术学 Radio and television Art舞蹈学 Dance历史学 History历史学 History史学理论及史学史 Historical Theories and History of Historical Science考古学及博物馆学 Archaeology and Museology历史地理学 Historical Geography历史文献学(含敦煌学、古文字学) Studies of Historical Literature (includingPaleography and Studies of Dunhuang)专门史 History of Particular Subjects中国古代史 Ancient Chinese History中国近现代史 Modern and Contemporary Chinese History世界史 World History理学 Natural Science数学 Mathematics基础数学 Fundamental Mathematics计算数学 Computational Mathematics概率论与数理统计 Probability and Mathematical Statistics应用数学 Applied mathematics运筹学与控制论 Operational Research and Cybernetics物理学 Physics理论物理 Theoretical Physics粒子物理与原子核物理 Particle Physics and Nuclear Physics原子与分子物理 Atomic and Molecular Physics等离子体物理 Plasma Physics凝聚态物理 Condensed Matter Physics声学 Acoustics光学 Optics无线电物理 Radio Physics化学 Chemistry无机化学 Inorganic Chemistry分析化学 Analytical Chemistry有机化学 Organic Chemistry物理化学(含化学物理) Physical Chemistry (including Chemical Physics)高分子化学与物理 Chemistry and Physics of Polymers天文学 Astronomy天体物理 Astrophysics天体测量与天体力学 Astrometry and Celestial Mechanics地理学 Geography自然地理学 Physical Geography人文地理学 Human Geography地图学与地理信息系统Cartography and Geography Information System大气科学 Atmospheric Sciences气象学 Meteorology大气物理学与大气环境 Atmospheric Physics and Atmospheric Environment海洋科学 Marine Sciences物理海洋学 Physical Oceanography海洋化学 Marine Chemistry海洋生理学 Marine Biology海洋地质学 Marine Geology地球物理学 Geophysics固体地球物理学 Solid Earth Physics空间物理学 Space Physics地质学 Geology矿物学、岩石学、矿床学Mineralogy, Petrology, Mineral Deposit Geology地球化学 Geochemistry古生物学与地层学(含古人类学) Paleontology and Stratigraphy (includingPaleoanthropology)构造地质学 Structural Geology第四纪地质学 Quaternary Geology生物学 Biology植物学 Botany动物学 Zoology生理学 Physiology水生生物学 Hydrobiology微生物学 Microbiology神经生物学 Neurobiology遗传学 Genetics发育生物学 Developmental Biology细胞生物学 Cell Biology生物化学与分子生物学 Biochemistry and Molecular Biology生物物理学 Biophysics生态学 Ecology系统科学 Systems Science系统理论 Systems Theory系统分析与集成 Systems Analysis and Integration科学技术史 History of Science and Technology工学 Engineering力学 Mechanics一般力学与力学基础 General and Fundamental Mechanics固体力学 Solid Mechanics流体力学 Fluid Mechanics工程力学 Engineering Mechanics机械工程 Mechanical Engineering机械制造及其自动化Mechanical Manufacture and Automation机械电子工程 Mechatronic Engineering机械设计与理论 Mechanical Design and Theory车辆工程 Vehicle Engineering光学工程 Optical Engineering仪器科学与技术 Instrument Science and Technology精密仪器及机械 Precision Instrument and Machinery测试计量技术及仪器 Measuring and Testing Technologies and Instruments材料科学与工程 Materials Science and Engineering材料物理与化学 Materials Physics and Chemistry材料学 Materialogy材料加工工程 Materials Processing Engineering冶金工程 Metallurgical Engineering冶金物理化学 Physical Chemistry of Metallurgy钢铁冶金 Ferrous Metallurgy有色金属冶金 Non-ferrous Metallurgy动力工程及工程热物理Power Engineering and Engineering Thermophysics工程热物理 Engineering Thermophysics热能工程 Thermal Power Engineering动力机械及工程 Power Machinery and Engineering流体机械及工程 Fluid Machinery and Engineering制冷及低温工程 Refrigeration and Cryogenic Engineering化工过程机械 Chemical Process Equipment电气工程 Electrical Engineering电机与电器 Electric Machines and Electric Apparatus电力系统及其自动化 Power System and its Automation高电压与绝缘技术 High Voltage and Insulation Technology电力电子与电力传动 Power Electronics and Power Drives电工理论与新技术Theory and New Technology of Electrical Engineering电子科学与技术 Electronics Science and Technology物理电子学 Physical Electronics电路与系统 Circuits and Systems微电子学与固体电子学Microelectronics and Solid State Electronics电磁场与微波技术Electromagnetic Field and Microwave Technology信息与通信工程 Information and Communication Engineering 通信与信息系统 Communication and Information Systems信号与信息处理 Signal and Information Processing控制科学与工程 Control Science and Engineering控制理论与控制工程 Control Theory and Control Engineering 检测技术与自动化装置Detection Technology and Automatic Equipment系统工程 Systems Engineering模式识别与智能系统Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Systems导航、制导与控制 Navigation, Guidance and Control计算机科学与技术 Computer Science and Technology计算机软件与理论 Computer Software and Theory计算机系统结构 Computer Systems Organization计算机应用技术 Computer Applied Technology。
社会学作文 英语
社会学作文英语Title: The Dynamics of Social Change: Exploring Sociological Perspectives。
In examining the intricacies of society, sociologists employ various theoretical frameworks to understand the complexities of human interaction, social structures, andthe mechanisms driving social change. Through the lenses of functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism, we can grasp the dynamics of social change and its implications on individuals and communities.Functionalism, pioneered by Emile Durkheim, viewssociety as a complex system composed of interrelated parts working together to maintain stability and equilibrium. According to functionalists, social change occurs when societal institutions adapt to meet the evolving needs ofits members. For instance, the transition from agrarian to industrial societies marked a significant shift in social organization, leading to the emergence of new institutionsand norms. Functionalists emphasize the importance of social cohesion and the role of institutions in promoting social order and stability.On the other hand, conflict theory, championed by Karl Marx, interprets society as a battleground where competing groups vie for resources, power, and influence. Social change, in this perspective, arises from conflicts between dominant and subordinate groups seeking to advance their interests. The Industrial Revolution, for instance, fueled class struggles as capitalists sought to maximize profits at the expense of the working class. Conflict theorists highlight the role of power dynamics, exploitation, and inequality in shaping social structures and driving transformative change.Symbolic interactionism, developed by George Herbert Mead, focuses on the micro-level interactions between individuals and the symbols and meanings they ascribe to social phenomena. Social change, according to symbolic interactionists, emerges from the collective interpretations and actions of individuals within society.For example, the civil rights movement in the United States was driven by grassroots activism and the redefinition of societal norms regarding race and equality. Symbolic interactionists underscore the significance of subjective experiences, identity formation, and social constructionsin influencing change.Despite their divergent perspectives, these theoretical frameworks offer valuable insights into the mechanisms of social change. However, it is essential to recognize their limitations and the need for interdisciplinary approachesin understanding complex social phenomena. Moreover, globalization, technological advancements, and environmental challenges present new avenues for examining the dynamics of social change in the contemporary world.Globalization, characterized by increased interconnectedness and interdependence among nations, has led to the diffusion of cultures, ideas, and technologies on a global scale. This phenomenon has sparked debates about cultural homogenization versus cultural diversity and its impact on local communities. Furthermore, technologicalinnovations, such as the internet and social media, have revolutionized communication and facilitated social movements and activism across borders.Environmental challenges, including climate change, resource depletion, and ecological degradation, pose existential threats to societies worldwide. Addressing these challenges requires collective action, policy interventions, and changes in individual behaviors. Social movements advocating for environmental sustainability and climate justice have emerged to challenge existing power structures and promote ecological stewardship.In conclusion, the study of social change encompasses a multidimensional and interdisciplinary approach, drawing insights from sociology, economics, psychology, and other fields. By examining society through various theoretical lenses and analyzing historical and contemporary contexts, we can deepen our understanding of the forces drivingsocial change and its implications for individuals and communities. Ultimately, sociological perspectives offer valuable tools for navigating the complexities of an ever-changing world and striving towards a more equitable and sustainable future.。
社会学英语词汇大全了解社会现象的关键词
社会学英语词汇大全了解社会现象的关键词社会学是一门关于人类社会的科学研究，通过词汇的学习，我们可以更好地了解和分析各种社会现象。
下面是社会学英语词汇大全，这些关键词可以帮助我们更深入地理解社会学的核心概念。
1. 社会学（Sociology）- 研究社会和人类行为的学科。
2. 社会（Society）- 由一组相互依赖、共享文化和价值观的个人组成的社会机构。
3. 文化（Culture）- 一群人所共享的信仰、价值观、行为模式和方式。
4. 习俗（Customs）- 特定社会中根深蒂固的长期存在的行为模式。
5. 价值观（Values）- 对社会行为的普遍准则和信念系统。
6. 角色（Roles）- 在特定社会中所扮演的位置或身份。
7. 社会结构（Social Structure）- 社会中个体之间的互动关系和组织方式。
8. 社会化（Socialization）- 通过教育和社会联系来适应社会的过程。
9. 性别（Gender）- 社会认可的男性和女性的行为、角色和特征。
10. 移民（Migration）- 人们从一个地方迁移到另一个地方的过程。
11. 社会不平等（Social Inequality）- 社会中不同群体之间的资源、权力和机会的不平等分配。
12. 族群（Ethnicity）- 基于共同文化、起源、共同历史和传统的特征而形成的群体。
13. 种族（Race）- 基于生物学特征或外貌的人类分类。
14. 阶级（Class）- 基于经济或社会地位的不同群体。
15. 社会控制（Social Control）- 通过法律、道德规范和社会机构来规范和约束行为的过程。
16. 社会变迁（Social Change）- 社会结构、文化和价值观的演变过程。
17. 犯罪（Crime）- 违背法律和社会规范的行为。
18. 家庭（Family）- 一个社会单元，由亲属关系和共同居住组成。
19. 教育（Education）- 通过学校和教育机构传递知识和价值观的过程。
社会学英语名词解释
社会学英语名词解释Aaccounting 说明过程人们提供说明以理解世界的过程。
（俗民方法论）accounting practices 说明过程的实践某人提出说明而其他人接受或拒绝该说明的方式。
（俗民方法论）accounts 说明行动者解释（描述、批评及理想化）特定情境的方式。
（俗民方法论）act 行动米德理论的基本元素，包含冲动、知觉刺激、对知觉感到的客体采取行动，并利用该客体满足原先的冲动。
action 行动人们所做之事是意识过程创造的结果。
actual social identity 实际的社会认同人们真正是什么样的人。
(戈夫曼)adaptation 适应帕森斯的四种必要功能之一。
系统必须能适应它的环境，并能调整环境以符合系统所需。
更详细地说就是，系统必须能处理外在情境的危险及突发事件。
affectivity-affective neutrality 情感-情感中立此模式变量系指对某种社会现象要投注多少情绪(或情感)。
(帕森斯)affectual action 情感性行动由情绪引起的非理性行动。
(韦伯)agency 能动力(性)系指行动者所做之行动;亦即，如果不是行动者介入并采取所谈论之行动，所发生之事可能不会以那种方式发生。
agents 行(能)动者有能力为社会世界带来影响的行(能)动者;行(能)动者拥有权力。
alienation 异化人们与其生产活动、所生产的物品、一起共事的同僚及其潜能之间的自然联系崩解了或被分离了。
(马克思)anomie 失序伴随有机连带社会而兴起的一种感觉，亦即不知道自己该做什么。
人们在社会游荡，并且缺乏清楚、具安全感的寄托。
(涂尔干)对默顿而言，当社会结构个文化之间发生严重断裂，被结构创造出来的人们依文化规范和目标运作，但当规范和目标发生严重断裂时，就产生失序的情形。
appearance 外表观众眼中的行动者;尤其指那些能暗示出表演者社会地位的项目。
(戈夫曼)ascription-achievement 先赋-成就此模式变量关心的是，当我们判断某一社会现象时，是以它被赋予了什么，还是以它成就了什么来判断的。
社会学 Sociology 外国学生英语作文
Sociology>Sociology Essay:Sociology is a subject that covers vast sub-topics under it. The study of the society, the social changes, social lives and social causes is what is known as sociology. The word sociology has been derived from a Latin and Greek word. In layman terms, sociology means understanding human behaviour.Auguste Comte, a French philosopher, is known as the Father of Sociology. The study of society has become an integral part of our lives andcannot be escaped. Sociology is important to understand why society functions the way it does and the relationships within it.Long and Short Essays on Euthanasian for Students and Kids in EnglishWe are providing the student with essay samples on long argumentative essay of 500 words and a short argumentative essay of 150 words on the topic of Sociology for reference.Long Essay on Euthanasia 500 Words in EnglishLong Essay on Euthanasia is usually given to classes 7, 8, 9, and 10.Sociology, to be put simply is the study of society, but once we go a little in-depth, it is not just that. Sociology covers the study of social lives, social causes and social changes. Sociology also means an understanding of human behaviour. Sociology stands amongst the sciences and falls under the category of general science. It is called a science as it involves the process of observation, verification and investigation. Sociology being a hybrid word, has been derived from the Greek and Latinwords. The word has been derived from the words ‘socius’ meaning compa nion and the suffix ‘-logy’ meaning ‘the study of’.Sociology is an extremely enlightening field of study, both on personal levels and communal levels. Social consequences and social causes of romantic love, family conflicts, racial and gender identity, religious faith, etc. are discussed in personal fields of sociology. Matters like poverty, wealth, law, crime, education, etc. are the topics that are discussed in the levels of societal sociology.A French philosopher, August Comte, established the sociological studies and established it as a medium of study. Hence, he is called the ‘Father of Sociology’. Inspired by Auguste Comte, another French theorist names Saint-Simon coined the term sociology. He is also the founder of positivism, which is a topic that falls under the sociological studies and covers the three steps of verification, experimentation and observation. He established his theories on positivism through his book ‘Positive Philosophy’ (1839).Sociology has its roots in philosophy and western knowledge. Sociology has such old roots that some of the earliest traces of sociology can be found in medieval Arabic writings. Hence some consider Arabic-Islamic scholar Ibn Khaldun of the 14th century from Tunisia to be the Father of Sociology although there is no solid evidence of his works.Karl Marx denied Comte’s philosophy of positivism but set out to establish a ‘science of society’ and became an integral part in the establishment of sociology.Albion Small in 1892 established the first formal Department of Sociology in the world in Chicago. However, it was Emile Durkheim who developed the institutionalization of sociology as an academic discipline. Durkheim also developed the theories of positivism although he disagreed with most of Comte’s theor ies.Modern Sociological structure is mostly derived from conflict (Weber and Marx), and functionalist (Durkheim) approaches of social structure. Structural functionalism implies that everything within the system is a necessary function for thewhole. Cohesive systems by functionalist theorists are contrasted with conflicting theories.Sociology is highly dependent on the social structure of society. Everything related to society falls under sociology, starting from a small behaviour on how you sit at certain places.You can now access more Essay Writing on this topicThus, we can say that sociology as emerged over the years as an important discipline which is an important response to the challenge of modernization. It is a social science-based ofinteraction between humans and the various processes that change them. Henceforth, sociology is regarded as one of the highest levels of sciences and is a subject that cannot be escaped.Short Essay on Sociology 150 Words in EnglishShort Essay on Sociology is usually given to classes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6.Sociology is basically what is known as the study of society and human interaction within society. It is known as a general science as itfollows processes of verification, observation and investigation.Auguste Comte, a french philosopher, is known as the ‘Father Of Sociology’. He not only established sociology as an institution but also developed his theory of positivism. Emile Durkheim is another person who has immense contributions in the field sociology.The word sociology is a hybrid word of both Latin and Greek. Sociology follows both personal and societal boundaries. Another French philosopher Saint Simon, after beinginspired by August Comte, coined the term ‘sociology’.Social stratification, social structure, religion, family, posture, wealth, poverty, etc. are all part of the social studies. Sociology, with time, has become an extremely important discipline and affects every sector of each person’s life. Sociology is a subject that one cannot escape no matter what.10 Lines on Sociology Essay in English1. Sociology is the study of society and human relationships within society.2. Auguste Comte isknown as the ‘Father of Sociology’. 3. August Comte also developed positivism. 4. ‘Positive Theory’ is a book written by Comte on positivism.5. The word ‘sociology’ has been derived from Greek and Latin words.6. The word ‘socius’ means companion and ‘-logy- means ‘the study of’.7. Sociology is general science.8. The general science of sociology follows the steps of observation, verification and investigating.9. In 1892, the first department of sociology was established in Chicago. 10. Modern Sociological Structure is derived from conflict and functional perspectives.FAQ’s on Sociology EssayQuestion 1.What is the definition of sociology?Answer:There is no particular definition of sociology. Sociology is the study of the societal structure and human relations within the structure.Question 2.Who is the ‘Father of Sociology’?Answer:August Comte is the ‘Father of Sociology’.Question 3.What is the meaning of the word ‘sociology’?Answer:The word ‘socius’ means ‘companion’ and ‘-logy’ means ‘the study of’.Question 4.When was sociology introduced as part of the academics?Answer:In 1892, the first department of sociology was introduced in Chicago.。
社会学专业英语
社会学专业英语In the realm of academic discourses, sociology stands out as a discipline that deals with the study of human society and its diverse elements. As the field expands and becomes increasingly interdisciplinary, the significance of sociological terminology in global communication cannot be overstated. This article aims to explore the importance of sociological terminology, its influence on cross-cultural understanding, and the challenges posed by languagebarriers in the globalization of sociological knowledge.**1. The Evolution of Sociological Terminology**Sociological terminology has evolved over centuries, reflecting changes in society, culture, and technology. Terms such as "social class," "gender roles," and "cultural norms" have become integral to the sociological lexicon, providing a common language for scholars to discuss and analyze social phenomena. These terms are not static; they evolve as society evolves, taking on new meanings and connotations.**2. The Globalization of Sociological Knowledge**In the age of globalization, the exchange of ideas and knowledge has become more frequent and widespread. Sociological terminology plays a crucial role in this process, facilitating the understanding and comparison of social issues across different cultures and contexts. Terms like "social capital," "globalization," and "inequality" have become part of the global vocabulary, used by scholars and policymakers alike to discuss pressing social problems. **3. Language Barriers and Cultural Misunderstandings** However, the globalization of sociological terminology also poses challenges. Language barriers can hinder the effective communication of sociological concepts, leading to misunderstandings and misinterpretations. Cultural differences can further complicate the process, as terms may have different meanings and implications in different cultural contexts.**4. The Role of Translation and Interpretation**Translation and interpretation play a crucial role in bridging these language and cultural gaps. By translating sociological terminology into different languages and cultural frameworks, scholars can ensure that their ideasand findings are accessible and comprehensible to a wider audience. This process, however, requires a high level of expertise and cultural sensitivity, as it involves not just the translation of words but also the translation of concepts and ideas.**5. The Future of Sociological Terminology**As the world becomes increasingly interconnected, the role of sociological terminology in global discourse is likely to grow even more significant. New terms and concepts will continue to emerge, reflecting the evolving nature of society and culture. At the same time, the need for accurate and inclusive translation and interpretation will become even more urgent, ensuring that sociological knowledge is accessible and relevant to a global audience. **社会学专业英语在全球话语中的作用**在学术话语领域，社会学作为一门研究人类社会及其各种元素的学科，具有举足轻重的地位。
社会学英语副词练习30题
社会学英语副词练习30题1. In the sociological study, the data were analyzed _____.A. carefullyB. carelesslyC. roughlyD. extremely答案：A。
本题考查程度副词的用法。
carefully 表示“仔细地”，符合社会学研究中对数据进行分析应有的态度；carelessly 意为“粗心地”，与研究的严谨性不符；roughly 表示“粗略地”，不符合对数据深入分析的要求；extremely 表示“极其”，程度过强且不太符合分析数据的常规描述。
2. The case was described ______ in the report.A. vividlyB. dimlyC. slightlyD. rarely答案：A。
vividly 意为“生动地”，能够恰当形容案例在报告中的描述情况；dimly 表示“昏暗地”，与清晰描述案例相悖；slightly 指“轻微地”，不符合对案例充分描述的语境；rarely 意思是“很少地”，与描述的程度无关。
3. The researcher observed the phenomenon ______.A. closelyB. widelyC. shallowlyD. deeply答案：A。
closely 表示“密切地”，符合研究者观察现象的专注和仔细；widely 指“广泛地”，侧重于范围而非观察的细致程度；shallowly 意为“肤浅地”，与科学研究的深入要求不符；deeply 虽有“深入地”之意，但更强调内在的深度，closely 更强调近距离、密切的观察。
4. The social change was evaluated ______.A. preciselyB. approximatelyC. roughlyD. casually答案：A。
precisely 意思是“精确地”，在评估社会变化时需要准确；approximately 表示“大约”，不够精确；roughly 指“粗略地”，不符合评估的严谨性；casually 意为“随便地”，与严肃的评估不符。
英语社会学英语30题
英语社会学英语30题1. In a community, people help each other. This shows the concept of _____.A. competitionB. cooperationC. isolationD. conflict答案：B。
本题主要考查英语社会学中的概念理解。
A 选项“competition”意为竞争，强调个体或群体之间为了有限的资源而相互争斗，不符合人们互相帮助的场景。
B 选项“cooperation”意为合作，与题干中人们互相帮助的描述相符。
C 选项“isolation”意为孤立，与互相帮助的场景相悖。
D 选项“conflict”意为冲突，与题干情境不符。
2. Social rules are important for a society. Which of the following is a social rule?A. Wearing colorful clothes.B. Studying hard at school.C. Saying hello when meeting someone.D. Eating a lot of junk food.答案：C。
本题考查对社会规则的认识。
A 选项“Wearing colorful clothes.”穿彩色衣服不是社会规则。
B 选项“Studying hard at school.”在学校努力学习是个人的学习态度，不是社会规则。
C 选项“Saying hello when meeting someone.”见面打招呼是常见的社交礼仪，属于社会规则。
D 选项“Eating a lot of junk food.”吃大量垃圾食品是不健康的饮食习惯，不是社会规则。
3. In a society, different people have different jobs. A doctor's job is to _____.A. build housesB. teach studentsC. cure patientsD. sell goods答案：C。
社会学pre
社会学pre社会学（英语：sociology）起源于19世纪末期，是一门研究社会的学科。
社会学使用各种研究方法进行实证调查和批判分析，以发展及完善一套有关人类社会结构及活动的知识体系，并会以运用这些知识去寻求或改善社会福利为目标。
简单来说，社会学对于中国人来说，是绝对不陌生的。
近代化以前中国的儒学教育，儒家学说就可归于社会学分类。
社会学在社会改组或者社会动荡的时候最为兴盛。
在旧的生产关系，旧的社会制度阻碍生产力发展，新的生产关系，新的社会阶级崛起的时代，新旧组织和势力发生激烈碰撞，导致维新，改革变法甚至于革命。
社会学的职责在于针对这种时代下的社会改组提出自己的方案和解决方法，促使社会更快更有效率更少代价地完成社会转型，实现跨越式发展。
社会学作用有：社会学的作用在于突破旧制度，旧时代的知识局限。
在这层意义上来说，中国近代的衰弱在于中国社会学的僵化和落后。
在以科学为基础的核心工业崛起的年代，中国的知识分子还在以孔孟道德学说在进行社会变革，以期实现在孔孟学说（封建制度）下的国家富强。
孔孟学说的社会学思维下，中国的知识分子看到西方的强大，看到的是船坚炮利，看不到支撑船坚炮利背后的科学体系和科学知识。
这种视野上的盲区使得中国近代的改革重臣看不到正确方向，以致于李鸿章叹道：三千年未有之变局。
社会学的落后使得近代中国自1840年后在泥潭中深陷100多年，而当中国真正开始建立起自己的现代社会学，中国才真正在很短时间内实现了国家的崛起。
社会学的最终目的是改善社会福利，促进生产力的发展。
除却整个民族跟国家的前进方向这类问题之外，微观层面社会学的应用渠道仍旧广泛。
比如，国家经济层面的房价问题，工业竞争力问题，产业问题，不同产业利益之间的协调问题，收入分配问题等。
对于个人来说，微观层面的应用依然很大。
对于就业来说，社会学最好的就业路子还是官员，战略家这类。
这些渠道岗位有限的情况下，社会学自然就没有理工，it，化学这类对口就业岗位广泛的专业受欢迎跟吃香了。
《社会学英语》课程教学大纲
《社会学英语》课程教学大纲课程名称：《社会学英语》课程类型：专业选修课适用专业：社会学考核方式：考查总学时、学分：32学时 2学分其中实验学时 0 学时一、课程教学目的《社会学英语》是社会学专业的重要课程，社会学在我国起步较晚，但在国外却有较长的历史，我国的社会学理论基本上是从国外引进并在结合我国具体情况的基础上发展起来的，因此,了解西方国家社会学的理论对于我国社会学专业和学科的发展建设尤为重要。
《社会学英语》选取社会学方面的英文材料，对西方社会学的有关理论进行解读，这对于社会学专业本身的发展具有重要意义。
《社会学英语》课程的开设具有多重目的，概而言之，有以下几个方面：1.拓宽学生的专业视野；2.学习并了解西方社会学的研究状况，加深学生对社会学的专业认知；3.提高社会学专业学生的专业外语水平；4.加深社会学专业学生对西方社会学理论的理解；5.学习西方社会学的研究方法。
二、课程教学要求1.教师要注意选取的材料难易适中，材料太难，学生不易理解，会增加学习难度，影响教学效果，因此，材料的选择十分重要。
2.在课程的讲授上，教师要做到深入浅出，注意英语讲解和汉语讲解相结合，使教师的“讲”和学生的“学”能有效衔接。
3.本课程的学习，要求学生做好课前预习和课后复习，以更好地掌握所学知识。
三、先修课程《社会学概论》、《社会学研究方法》、《社会心理学》、《西方社会学理论》四、课程教学重、难点Chapter I Social Forces in the Development of Sociological 、Theory Chapter II History of SociologyChapter III Positivism and Anti-positivismChapter IV Theoretical frameworksChapter VI Research and Methodology五、课程教学方法与教学手段讲授法、双语教学、多媒体教学法六、课程教学内容Preface The Discipline of Sociology(2 hours)1．教学内容(1)Sociology；(2)The Discipline of Sociology2．重、难点提示(1)The Discipline of SociologyChapter I Social Forces in the Development of Sociological Theory (3hours)1．教学内容(1)Political Revolutions(2)The Industrial Revolution and the Rise of Capitalism(3)The Rise of Socialism(4)Feminism(5)Urbanization(6)Religious Change2．重、难点提示(1)Political Revolutions(2)The Industrial Revolution and the Rise of Capitalism(3)The Rise of Socialism(4)Feminism(5)Religious ChangeChapter II History of Sociology (5 hours)1．教学内容(1)Origins(2)Foundations of the Academic Discipline2．重难点提示(1)Foundations of the Academic DisciplineChapter III Positivism and Anti-positivism (3 hours) 1．教学内容(1)Positivism(2)Anti-positivism2．重难点提示(1)Positivism(2)Anti-positivismChapter IV Theoretical frameworks (6 hours) 1．教学内容(1)Functionalism(2)Conflict theory(3)Contemporary social theory2．重、难点提示(1)Functionalism(2)Conflict theoryChapter V Research and Methodology (5 hours) 1．教学内容:(1)Sampling(2)Methods(3)Computational sociology(4)Practical applications of social research 2．重、难点提示(1)Sampling(2)Methods(3)Computational sociologyChapter VI Scope and Topics (8 hours) 1．教学内容(1)Culture(2)Criminality, deviance, law and punishment(3)Economic sociology(4)Environment(5)Education(6)Family, gender, and sexuality(7)Health and illness(8)Internet(9)Knowledge and science(10)Media(11)Military(12)Political sociology(13)Race and ethnic relations(14)Religion(15)Social networks(16)Social psychology(17)Stratification(18)Urban and rural sociology(19)Work and industry2．重、难点提示(1)Culture(2)Criminality, deviance, law and punishment(3)Economic sociology(4)Education(5)Family, gender, and sexuality(6)Knowledge and science(7)Political sociology(8)Race and ethnic relations(9)Religion(10)Social networks(11)Social psychology(12)Stratification(13)Urban and rural sociology七、学时分配八、课程考核方式1.考核方式：口试或笔试；开卷2.成绩构成平时成绩+期末考查成绩九、选用教材和参考书目［1］《社会学基础读本》(影印第一版)，(美)卡尔甘等编，北京大学出版社，2005年;［2］《当代社会学读本》(影印第一版)，(美)帕特里夏.A.阿德勒，彼得.阿德勒编，北京大学出版社，2005年;［3］《社会问题读本》(影印第一版)，(美)卡龙编，北京大学出版社，2005年;［4］《后现代社会理论》(影印第一版)，(美)George Ritzer著，北京大学出版社，2004;［5］《社会研究方法读本》(影印第一版)，D.K. Wysocki编，北京大学出版社，2004。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Action theory
行动理论
Activity，expressive
表意性活动
Activity，instrumental
工具性活动Adjustment，work
工作调适
Alienation
疏离
Assimilation
同化
Authority
权威
Authority，bureaucratic 科层权威
Authority，charismatic 感召权威
Authority，dual
双重权威
Behavior，illness
患病行为
Behavior，role
角色行为
Bias
偏见
Bourgeoisie
资产阶级
Bureaucracy
科层制度
Capitalist
资本家
Change agent
变迁推动者/ 变媒Channel，communication 传意途径
Charisma
感召力
Cultural lag
文化间距
Cultural shock
文化震惊
Culture
文化
Culture patterns
文化模式
Culture traits
文化特质
Culture，mainstream
主流文化
Darwin
达尔文Depersonalization
非个人化
Deviance
偏差
Deviance，primary
初级偏差
Deviance，secondary
次级偏差
Deviant
偏差者
Deviant behavior
偏差行为
Deviant social status
偏差社会地位
Doctor - shopping behaviour 选择医生行为
Durkheim
涂尔干
Family
家庭
Family，equalitarian
平等（平权）家庭Family，extended
扩展式家庭
Family，foster
寄养家庭
Family，matriarchal
母权家庭
Family，nuclear
核心家庭
Family，patriarchal
父权家庭
Family，single-parent
单亲家庭
Family，traditional
传统式家庭
Folk medicine
民间医药
Force，social
社会动力
Gain，primary
初级收获
Gain，secondary
次级收获
Gang
帮派
Gender
性相
Generation gap
代沟
Group
群体
Group，in
内群体
Group，out
外群体
Group，peer
朋辈群体
Group，primary
初级（直接）群体Group，race and ethnic 种族与民族群体Group，reference
参照群体
Group，secondary
次级（间接）群体Group，they-
他群体
Group，we-
我群体
Ideology
意识型态Industrialization
工业化Institutionalization
规范（制度）化Internalization
内化
Juvenile delinquency
少年罪行
Labelling theory
标签理论
Legitimate power
认可权力
Macro-sociology
宏观社会学
Marx
马克斯
Medical sociology
医疗社会学
Micro-sociology
微观社会学
Modernization
现代化
Monogamy
一夫一妻制
Mores
民德
Negotiated order
协商秩序
Non-task oriented
非工作取向
Norms
规范
Organization，coercive
强制性组织Organization，formal
正式组织
Organization，voluntary
志愿性组织
Paradigm
典范/ 范例
Patriarchal society
父（男）权社会
Plato
柏拉图
Reality shock
现实冲击Resocialization
再社会化
Role
角色
Role conflict
角色冲突
角色集合
Role，dependant - patient 倚赖性的病人角色
Self - fulfilling prophecy 自我实现预言
Sick role
病者角色
Social change
社会变迁
Social classes
社会阶层（级）
Social control
社会管制
Social institutions
社会制度
Social interaction
社会互动
Social mobility
社会流动
Social norm
社会规范
Social order
社会秩序
Social organization
社会组织
Social stigma
社会污名（烙印）Social stratum
社会阶层
Social structure
社会结构
Social support network
社会支援网络Socialization
社会（教）化Socialization process
社会（教）化过程Socialization，agents of 社会化的机构（媒介）Socialization，primary
初级社会化Socialization，secondary 次级社会化
地位
Status，achieved
自致（成就）地位Status，ascribed
先赋地位
Stereotyping effect
定型效应
Stigma
污名/ 烙印Stigmatization
污名化/ 烙印化
Subculture
次文化
System of interpretation 演译系统
Taboo
禁忌
V alue system
价值体系Westernization
西化。