课时提升作业(五) 5.2.2
高中生物 高三一轮课时提升作业 必修3 5.2-3生态系统的能量流动、物质循环
高中生物高三一轮课时提升作业必修3 5.2-3生态系统的能量流动、物质循环(45分钟 100分)一、选择题(包括10小题,每小题5分,共50分)1.(2013·银川模拟)地球上的三个碳库为大气圈库、水圈库和生物库,碳在生物和无机环境之间迅速交换。
如图是自然界碳循环的简图,下列叙述错误的是( )A.甲为分解者,乙为消费者,丙为生产者B.①②③表示CO2经甲、乙、丙的呼吸作用进入大气C.④过程表示大气中的CO2进入生物群落的主要途径D.碳元素以无机物形式在丙→乙→甲所示的渠道流动2.某同学通过分析蛇的食性绘制了如图所示的食物关系。
假如一条1 kg的蛇,4/5的食物来自鼠,1/5的食物来自蛙。
按能量流动的最高效率计算,此蛇间接消耗的植物为( )A.45 kgB.22.5 kgC.90 kgD.20 kg3.(2013·新余模拟)如图为生物圈中碳循环的主要途径,有关叙述错误的是( )A.A为生态系统的主要成分B.B、D之间碳是以有机物的形式传递的C.C为食物链中的第三营养级D.A、B、C、D之间为捕食关系4.如图表示某种生态系统中4种成分之间的关系,以下相关叙述中正确的是( )A.甲和乙所包含的所有种群构成群落B.乙1的同化量越大,流向乙2的能量就越少C.丁的CO2含量增加将导致臭氧层被破坏D.丙不一定是原核生物5.中国共产党第十八次全国代表大会首次明确提出“推进绿色发展、循环发展、低碳发展”“建设美丽中国”的号召。
减少温室气体(如CO2)排放,实现低碳经济再一次成为我们努力的目标。
如图是碳循环的部分过程,有关分析不正确的是( )A.碳循环的过程①②伴随着生态系统的能量流动B.植树造林有助于增强过程②而减少大气中CO2含量C.减少对过程③的依赖是缓解温室效应的重要措施D.低碳生活方式有助于维持生物圈中碳循环的平衡6.如图是生态系统的能量流动图解,N1~N6表示能量数值,下列有关叙述中错误的是( )A.流经该生态系统的总能量为N2,由初级消费者流向蜣螂的能量为N6B.能量由第一营养级传递给第二营养级的传递效率为N5/N2×100%C.N5将有两个去向,其中之一是用于初级消费者的生长、发育和繁殖D.能量在各营养级的流动离不开生态系统的物质循环和信息传递7.(2013·南昌模拟)如图为生态系统中能量流动的部分示意图,①②③④⑤各代表一定的能量值,下列各项中正确的是( )A.在人工饲养的高密度鱼塘中⑤肯定大于①B.④中包含了次级消费者粪便中的能量C.在食物链中各营养级获得能量的方式及能量的用途完全相同D.第二营养级流向第三营养级的能量传递效率为(②/①)×100%8.如图是生态系统中碳循环示意图,图中“→”表示碳的流动方向。
2022人教版高中数学必修四课时提升作业(五) 1.2.2 同角三角函数的基本关系
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课时提升作业(五)同角三角函数的基本关系(25分钟 60分)一、选择题(每小题5分,共25分)1.sin α=√55,则sin 2α-cos 2α的值为( )A.-15B.-35C.15D.35【解析】选B.由于sin α=√55,所以cos 2α=1-sin 2α=45,则原式=15-45=-35.【延长探究】本题条件下,求sin 4α-cos 4α的值. 【解析】由sin 4α-cos 4α=(sin 2α+cos 2α)(sin 2α-cos 2α)=sin 2α-cos 2α =-35.2.(2021·福建高考)若sin α=-513,且α为第四象限角,则tan α的值等于( )A.125B.-125C.512D.-512【解题指南】利用同角三角函数关系,“知一求二”.【解析】选D.由sin α=-513,且α为第四象限角可知cos α=1213,故tan α=sinαcosα=-512.3.(2021·葫芦岛高一检测)已知α是其次象限角,cos α=-13,则3sin α+tan α=( )A.-√2B.√2C.-1D.0 【解析】选D.由于cos α=-13,α是其次象限角,所以sin α=√1−cos 2α=√1−(−13)2=2√23. 所以tan α=sinαcosα=2√23−13=-2√2.所以3sin α+tan α=3×2√23-2√2=0. 4.(2021·重庆高一检测)已知角θ为第四象限角,且tan θ=-34,则sin θ- cos θ=( )A.15B.75C.-15D.-75【解析】选D.由已知得{sinθcosθ=−34,sin 2θ+cos 2θ=1,所以(−34cosθ)2+cos 2θ=1,cos 2θ=1625,又角θ为第四象限角,所以cos θ=45.所以sin θ=-34cos θ=-34×45=-35. 所以sin θ-cos θ=-35-45=-75.5.已知sin α-cos α=-√52,则tan α+1tanα的值为( )A.-4B.4C.-8D.8【解析】选C.tan α+1tanα=sinαcosα+cosαsinα=1sinαcosα.由于sin αcos α=1−(sinα−cosα)22=-18,所以tan α+1tanα=-8.二、填空题(每小题5分,共15分)6.(2021·北京高一检测)已知α是其次象限的角,且sin α=513,则cos α=________.【解析】由于α是其次象限的角,且sin α=513,所以cos α=-√1−sin 2α=-√1−(513)2=-1213.答案:-12137.若sin θ=k+1k−3,cos θ=k−1k−3,且θ的终边不落在坐标轴上,则tan θ的值为________.【解析】由于sin 2θ+cos 2θ=(k+1k−3)2+(k−1k−3)2=1,所以k 2+6k-7=0,所以k 1=1或k 2=-7.当k=1时,cos θ不符合,舍去. 当k=-7时,sin θ=35,cos θ=45,tan θ=34.答案:348.已知sinx=3cosx ,则sinxcosx 的值是________. 【解析】将sinx=3cosx 代入sin 2x+cos 2x=1中得9cos 2x+cos 2x=1,即cos 2x=110, 所以sin 2x=1-cos 2x=910, 由于sinx 与cosx 同号,所以sinxcosx>0, 则sinxcosx=√sin 2xcos 2x =310.答案:310三、解答题(每小题10分,共20分) 9.(2021·武汉高一检测)已知tan 2α1+2tanα=13,α∈(π2,π). (1)求tan α的值. (2)求sinα+2cosα5cosα−sinα的值.【解析】(1)由tan 2α1+2tanα=13,得3tan 2α-2tan α-1=0,即(3tan α+1)(tan α-1)=0,解得tan α=-13或tan α=1.由于α∈(π2,π),所以tan α<0,所以tan α=-13.(2)由(1),得tan α=-13,所以sinα+2cosα5cosα−sinα=tanα+25−tanα=−13+25−(−13)=516.【延长探究】本例条件下,计算sin 2α+sin αcos α的值.【解析】sin 2α+sin αcos α=sin 2α+sinαcosαsin 2α+cos 2α=tan 2α+tanαtan 2α+1=(−13)2+(−13)(−13)2+1=-15.10.求证:3-2cos 2α=3tan 2α+1tan 2α+1.【证明】右边=3(tan 2α+1)−2tan 2α+1=3-2tan 2α+1=3-2sin 2αcos 2α+1=3-2cos 2αsin 2α+cos 2α=3-2cos 2α=左边,所以原式得证. 【一题多解】左边=3(sin 2α+cos 2α)−2cos 2αsin 2α+cos 2α=3sin 2α+cos 2αsin 2α+cos 2α=3tan 2α+1tan 2α+1=右边,所以原式得证.(20分钟 40分)一、选择题(每小题5分,共10分)1.化简sin 2α+cos 4α+sin 2αcos 2α的结果是( ) A.14B.12C.1D.32【解析】选C.原式=sin 2α+cos 2α(cos 2α+sin 2α)=sin 2α+cos 2α=1.【补偿训练】若sin α+sin 2α=1,则cos 2α+cos 4α等于________.【解析】由于sin α+sin 2α=1,sin 2α+cos 2α=1,所以sin α=cos 2α,所以cos 2α+cos 4α=sin α+sin 2α=1. 答案:12.(2021·宣城高一检测)已知sin θ=2cos θ,则sin 2θ+sin θcos θ-2cos 2θ等于( )A.-43B.54C.-34D.45【解题指南】关于sin θ,cos θ的齐次式,可用1的代换、化弦为切求值. 【解析】选D.由于sin θ=2cos θ,所以tan θ=sinθcosθ=2, sin 2θ+sin θcos θ-2cos 2θ =sin 2θ+sinθcosθ−2cos 2θsin 2θ+cos 2θ=tan 2θ+tanθ−2tan 2θ+1=22+2−222+1=45.二、填空题(每小题5分,共10分)3.(2021·龙岩高一检测)化简:α为其次象限角,则cosα√1+tan 2α+√1+sinα1−sinα-√1−sinα1+sinα=__________.【解析】原式=cosα√1+2cos 2α+√(1+sinα)21−sin 2α-√(1−sinα)21−sin 2α=cosα·√1cos 2α+|1+sinαcosα|-|1−sinαcosα|.又由于α为其次象限角,所以cos α<0,1+sin α>0,1-sin α>0, 所以原式=1cosα·1−cosα-1+sinαcosα-(−1−sinαcosα)=-1-1+sinαcosα+1−sinαcosα=-1+−2sinαcosα=-1-2tan α.答案:-1-2tan α 【补偿训练】√1−2sin70°cos70°sin70°−√1−sin 270°=________.【解析】原式=√sin 270°+cos 270°−2sin70°cos70°sin70°−√cos 270°=√(sin70°−cos70°)2sin70°−|cos70°|=|sin70°−cos70°|sin70°−|cos70°|由于sin 70°>cos 70°>0, 所以原式=sin70°−cos70°sin70°−cos70°=1.答案:14.已知关于x 的方程4x 2-2(m+1)x+m=0的两个根恰好是一个直角三角形的一个锐角的正、余弦,则实数m 的值为________. 【解析】设直角三角形中的该锐角为β, 由于方程4x 2-2(m+1)x+m=0中, Δ=4(m+1)2-4·4m=4(m-1)2≥0, 所以当m ∈R 时,方程恒有两实根. 又由于sin β+cos β=m+12,sin βcos β=m4,所以由以上两式及sin 2β+cos 2β=1, 得1+2·m4=(m+12)2,解得m=±√3.当m=√3时,sin β+cos β=√3+12>0,sin β·cos β=√34>0,满足题意, 当m=-√3时,sin β+cos β=1−√32<0,这与β是锐角冲突,舍去. 综上,m=√3. 答案:√3三、解答题(每小题10分,共20分)5.(2021·盐城高一检测)已知sin α+cos α=12(0<α<π),(1)求sin αcos α.(2)求sin α-cos α.【解析】(1)平方得1+2sin αcos α=14,所以sin αcos α=-38.(2)由(1)式知sin αcos α<0,0<α<π,所以π2<α<π,所以sin α-cos α>0,由于(sin α-cos α)2=1-2sin αcos α=74,所以sin α-cos α=√72.【补偿训练】在△ABC 中,sinA+cosA=15,求(1)sinA ·cosA. (2)tanA. 【解析】(1)由于sinA+cosA=15,所以(sinA+cosA)2=125,即1+2sinAcosA=125,所以sinAcosA=-1225.(2)由于sinA+cosA=15,①A ∈(0,π),所以A ∈(π2,π),所以sinA-cosA>0,又由于(sinA-cosA)2=1-2sinAcosA =1-2×(−1225)=4925,所以sinA-cosA=75②联立①②解得,sinA=45,cosA=-35,所以tanA=sinAcosA=45−35=-43.6.已知sin θ=asin φ,tan θ=btan φ,其中θ为锐角,求证:cos θ=√a 2−1b 2−1.【证明】由sin θ=asin φ,tan θ=btan φ,得sinθtanθ=asinφbtanφ,即acos φ=bcos θ,而asin φ=sin θ,得a 2=b 2cos 2θ+sin 2θ,即a 2=b 2cos 2θ+1-cos 2θ, 得cos 2θ=a 2−1b 2−1,而θ为锐角,所以cos θ=√a 2−1b 2−1.关闭Word 文档返回原板块。
【分层作业】5.2 平行四边形和梯形(同步练习) 四年级上册数学同步课时练 (人教版,含答案)
第五单元平行四边形和梯形5.2 平行四边形和梯形【基础巩固】一、选择题1.下图中,直线a、b相互平行,c、d相互平行,m和n不平行。
那么,图1,图2,图3,图4中,()不是梯形。
A.图1 B.图2 C.图3 D.图42.在图中找一个点,使它和点A、B、C顺次连接成为一个梯形,一共有()种不同的选法。
A.4 B.5 C.6 D.73.()的四边形肯定是平行四边形。
A.有一组对边平行B.只有一组对边平行 C.两组对边分别平行 D.有一个角是直角4.可以用下面这样的图来表示我们生疏的四边形之间的关系。
图中A表示的图形是()。
A.三角形B.正方形C.平行四边形D.梯形5.下列叙述中,不正确的是()。
A.平行四边形是特殊的梯形。
B.已知4小时走的路程,可以求速度。
C.大于90°,小于180°的角叫钝角。
二、填空题6.如图中一共有( )梯形,( )个平行四边形。
7.下图中:( )和( )是相互平行的街道。
( )和( )是相互垂直的街道。
8.( )的梯形叫做等腰梯形。
( )的梯形叫做直角梯形。
9.从平行四边形一条边上的一点向对边引一条( ),这点和( )之间的线段叫做平行四边形的高,( )所在的边叫做平行四边形的底。
10.平行四边形的( )组对边分别平行;两条平行线之间的距离( )。
【力量提升】三、作图题11.在下面点子图上画一个平行四边形,并画出它的一条高,标出这条高对应的底;再画一个等腰梯形,画出它的高,并标出它们的上底、下底、高和腰。
四、解答题12.画一画,量一量。
(1)画出下面平行四边形指定底边上的一条高,把它分一个三角形和一个梯形。
(2)这条底边上的高长是()毫米。
13.下面的图形中有几个梯形?把它们写出来。
【拓展实践】14.小雅画了一个平行四边形,不当心擦掉了两条边,只剩下一个角(如下图):(1)这个角的度数为()。
(2)请把这个平行四边形补充完整。
(3)过点A画这个平行四边形的高。
课时分层作业数学(3篇)
第1篇一、作业背景随着新课程改革的深入推进,教育工作者越来越重视学生个体差异,关注学生个性化发展。
数学作为一门基础学科,其教学目标不仅在于传授知识,更在于培养学生的思维能力、解决问题的能力和创新精神。
为了实现这一目标,本课时分层作业旨在根据学生的不同学习基础和能力,设计不同层次的学习任务,满足不同学生的学习需求,提高学生的学习兴趣和数学素养。
二、作业设计原则1. 符合学生认知规律:作业设计应遵循学生的认知规律,从简单到复杂,从具体到抽象,逐步提高学生的思维能力。
2. 注重学生个体差异:作业设计应充分考虑学生的个体差异,满足不同层次学生的学习需求。
3. 强化实践应用:作业设计应注重培养学生的实践能力,让学生在实际操作中掌握数学知识。
4. 调动学习兴趣:作业设计应富有创意,激发学生的学习兴趣,提高学生的学习积极性。
三、课时分层作业内容(一)基础题1. 知识回顾:回顾本节课所学知识,如概念、性质、法则等。
2. 基本运算:完成基础的计算题,如加减乘除、分数运算等。
3. 简单应用题:解决简单的实际问题,如行程问题、工程问题等。
(二)提高题1. 综合应用题:解决较为复杂的实际问题,如几何问题、概率问题等。
2. 创新题:结合所学知识,设计新的数学问题,培养学生的创新能力。
3. 拓展题:阅读相关数学资料,了解数学史、数学家等,提高学生的数学素养。
(三)挑战题1. 高级应用题:解决高难度的实际问题,如数学建模、数学竞赛等。
2. 数学竞赛题:参加数学竞赛,提高学生的数学竞赛能力。
3. 数学探究题:针对某一数学问题,进行深入探究,培养学生的研究能力。
四、作业实施建议1. 教师应根据学生的实际情况,合理布置作业,确保作业难度适中。
2. 教师应关注学生的学习进度,及时调整作业难度,帮助学生提高学习成绩。
3. 教师应鼓励学生积极参与作业,培养学生独立思考、合作交流的能力。
4. 教师应定期检查作业,了解学生的学习情况,给予针对性的指导和帮助。
课时提升作业(二十二) 必修2 5.2
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课时提升作业(二十二)染色体变异(45分钟100分)一、单项选择题(包括7题,每题4分,共28分。
每题只有一个选项符合题意。
)1.(2014·广州模拟)下列关于基因突变与染色体变异的叙述中,正确的是( )A.基因突变的频率很低,染色体变异可以用显微镜直接观察B.基因突变发生在有丝分裂过程中,染色体变异发生在减数分裂过程中C.染色体变异是定向的,基因突变是不定向的D.基因突变是可遗传的,染色体变异是不可遗传的2.如图表示某生物体细胞中染色体的组成,其基因型不可能是( )A.ABedB.AaaaC.AAAAD.BBBbDDdd3.(2014·南通模拟)科学家以玉米为实验材料进行遗传实验,实验过程和结果如图所示,则F1中出现绿株的根本原因是( )A.在产生配子的过程中,等位基因分离B.射线处理导致配子中的染色体数目减少C.射线处理导致配子中染色体片段缺失D.射线处理导致控制茎颜色的基因发生突变4.如图是某高等植物根尖分生区内一个正在分裂的细胞,下列叙述不正确的是( )A.该植物的基因型为AaBBB.若该植物是由花粉粒发育而来的,则其亲本是四倍体C.若该植物是由受精卵发育而来的,则其配子含一个染色体组D.该细胞发生过基因突变5.(2014·浙江五校联考)下图为利用纯合高秆(D)抗病(E)小麦和纯合矮秆(d)染病(e)小麦快速培育纯合优良小麦品种矮秆抗病小麦(ddEE)的示意图。
下列有关此图叙述错误的是( )A.②过程中发生了非同源染色体的自由组合B.实施④过程通常用一定浓度的秋水仙素C.实施③过程依据的主要生物学原理是细胞增殖D.实施①过程的主要目的是让控制不同优良性状的基因组合到一起6.(2014·柳州模拟)下列各杂交组合中,果实中没有种子的是( )A.用秋水仙素处理采用花药离体培养的方法培育的幼苗,获得的纯合子自交B.用秋水仙素处理二倍体正常西瓜的幼苗,得到染色体数目加倍的多倍体自交C.没有用秋水仙素处理的二倍体不同品种的西瓜幼苗,生长发育成熟后杂交D.用秋水仙素处理二倍体西瓜的幼苗,长成的个体作母本,二倍体西瓜作父本,杂交后自交7.(2014·梅州模拟)细胞的有丝分裂和减数分裂都可能产生可遗传的变异,其中仅发生在减数分裂过程中的是( )A.染色体不分离或不能移向两极,导致染色体数目变异B.染色体复制时受诱变因素影响,导致基因突变C.非同源染色体的自由组合,导致基因重组D.非同源染色体之间某片段移接,导致染色体结构变异二、双项选择题(包括3题,每题6分,共18分。
高中英语 课时作业(五)Unit2 Section Ⅲ 新人教版必修第三册
课时作业(五) UNIT 2 Section ⅢDiscovering UsefulStructures层级一即时应用体验维度1 单句语法填空1.I noticed a thief ________ (steal) money from the old man's pocket when I passed by.2.With more and more farmers ________ (rush) into city,their children's education becomes a problem.3.________ (compare) with many other women, she leads a very happy life.4.Their car was caught in a traffic jam, ________ (cause) them to be late.5.________ (give) another five minutes, I can finish the work on time.维度2 用动词-ing形式完成语段A teacher once told each of her students to bring a clear plastic bag and a large bag of potatoes to school.1.____________________ (写下……名字)the person that the students refused to forgive in their life on a potato and put them in the plastic bag,they were then told to carry these bags with them everywhere for one week,2.________________________ (把他们放在床边)at night,on their car seats3.________________ (在开车的时候), and next to their desks at work.During this time,4.__________________________ (带着包到处走),they realized what a weight they were, and how they needed to pay attention all the time,so as not to forget them or leave them in embarrassing places.Of course,the potatoes were becoming rotten,5.________________ (闻起来很糟糕).维度3 句型转换1.As time passes by, we will have a better life.→____________, we will have a better life.2.I stood on the bridge and watched boats were passing by.→I stood on the bridge, ________________.3.I heard that Mary sang a song in the next room this time last night.→I heard Mary________________ in the next room this time last night.4.After he had eaten his dinner, the boy rushed out.→________________, the boy rushed out.5.When she turned around,she saw a car driving up.→________________,she saw a car driving up.6.As I did not know how to get there, I had to ask the way.→________________________, I had to ask the way.维度4 语法与语篇用适当的动词-ing形式完成下列短文Mary Smith looked at the beautiful ripe plums(梅子).They would make lovely jam. After she had finished 1.________ (cook),she filled all her empty jam jars 2.________ (leave) the rest of the jam in the pan. She would put it in the fridge when it was cooler.But just then the telephone rang.3.________________ (learn) that her mother was in hospital after a car accident,Mary picked up her bag and ran out of the house.Some days later, her husband,John,came home from a business trip.He had been travelling all day and felt like 4.________ (have) a drink and a piece of cake.5.________ (enter) the kitchen, he saw a pan with a dark red mess inside it.He lifted it up and smelled it.It smelled horrible.6.________ (think) Mary must have forgotten to clean this pan, he poured all the jam into the chicken yard and cleaned the pan.Then 7.________ (feel) comfortable, he began to eat a piece of cake.When Mary returned,she noticed the chickens 8.________ (behave) strangely.They were running round the yard as if they were sick. She saw the dark red mess on the ground and went closer.9.________ (see) a plum stone,she went into the kitchen.Her husband was at the table 10.________ (read) a newspaper. Angrily,Mary rushed up to him shouting “You threw away my jam!” Her husband said,“I'm sorry,but I thought it was porridge gone bad in the hot weather.”层级二主题阅读训练Ⅰ.阅读理解AWith the help of the car manufacturer (汽车制造商) Hyundai, a 13-year-old girlwas able to send a message to space, where her dad works on the International Space Station (ISS).“He gets to live and work in space and he is doing lots of experiments up there. He has to stay there for long periods of time... I miss him when he is gone, ” Stephanie, who is from Houston, Texas, said in a video. “I think if we could write a really big message he would be able to see it from space. ”Hyundai took her wish to heart and decided to take on the challenge. Using Nevada's Delamar Dry Lake as a canvas (画布), 11 drivers drove Hyundai cars, spelling out “Steph s you” across 2.14 square miles of desert. A promotional video, which Hyundai made to record the process, caught her father's response and showed the picture he took of her message from the ISS.“I am happy that he could see it and knows that we are think ing about him back home, ” Stephanie said. “He has seen so many things up there, but I hope that this message was the most special. ”There are many misunderstandings about what can and cannot be seen from space. Contrary to popular belief, the Great Wall of China cannot be seen from space, but many seemingly less important things can be seen.“A farmer from Louisiana could be burning wastes in his backyard, and it would make a big smoke trail that astronauts could see from space, ” said Mike Gentry, a photo researcher for NASA's human-tended vehicles. And with a special camera, they can see the earth in great detail and even keep an eye on their favorite sports teams.1.What can we know about Stephanie's father?A.He likes taking pictures.B.He spends little time at home.C.He works in a car company.D.He often sends messages to his daughter.2.How did Hyundai help the girl?A.By offering a free ride.B.By taking her to a guided tour.C.By replaying her father's response.D.By making a large picture with cars.3.Which of the following can be seen from space?A.A moving car.B.A standing farmer.C.The Great Wall of China.D.The smoke of burning rubbish.4.What is the best title for the text?A.Send Love to SpaceB.A Girl of Great TalentC.Observe the Earth Far AwayD.A New Way to Explore SpaceB[2022·福建师大附中高一期末]When it comes to who is happier, people with kids or those without, most research points to the latter. But a new study suggests that parents are happier than non-parents later in life, when their children move out and become sources of social enjoyment rather than stress.Most surveys of parental happiness have focused on those whose children still live at home. These tend to show that people with kids are less happy than their child-free peers because they have less free time, sleep and money.Christoph Becker at Heidelberg University in Germany and his colleagues wondered if the story might be different for parents whose kids have left home. To find out, they analyzed data from a European survey that asked 55,000 people aged 50 and older about their emotional well-being.They found that, in this older age group, people with children had greater life satisfaction and fewer symptoms of depression than people without children, but only if their kids had left home.“This may be because when children grow up and move out, they provide social enrichment to their parents minus (抵消) the day-to-day stress of looking after them,” says Becker. They may also give something back by providing care andfinancial sup port to their parents, he says. “Hence, children's role as caregivers, financial support or simply as social contact might outweigh negative aspects of parenthood,” he says.If parents disobey the idea of waiting for their kids to move out to maximize their potential happiness, they could move to a country with better childcare support, says Becker. A 2016 study of 22 countries found that parents with children at home were actually slightly happier than their child-free peers if they lived in places like Norway, Portugal and Sweden that have paid parental leave and generous childcare subsidies (补助).5.Why did Christoph Becker and his colleagues analyze data from a European survey?A.To show their opinions are different.B.To prove the earlier findings are wrong.C.To prove if parents can be happier under certain conditions.D.To figure out old people's emotional well-being.6.According to the new study, what is the key point of parental happiness?A.Whether the kids have moved out or not.B.Which country they choose to live in.C.Whether kids are to play roles of caregivers.D.Whether parents are willing to wait for kids' growth.7.How can people with kids at home achieve more happiness according to Becker?A.Moving to another country without trouble from kids.B.Asking their kids to move out as soon as possible.C.Living in a country with better policies on childcare.D.Paying for parental leave, generous childcare subsidies.8.What is the main idea of this passage?A.How people can achieve happiness in their life.B.People without children are happier than those with kids.C.Why people have greater life satisfaction in their older age.D.Parents whose children have left home feel happier than non-parents.Ⅱ.完形填空[2022·海南省琼海市嘉积中学高一下检测]Six years ago when I was told that my father suffered from dementia(痴呆), everything changed overnight. Until then, I was loved and lived with little __1__. My father became a child who needed round -the-clock __2__ for everyday activities. __3__, we learnt that the best way to deal with him was with patience and __4__.Our family started __5__ more time and activities together——Sundays were set aside for a drive, a park visit and dinner at a restaurant. Each __6__ gave us the chance to connect as a family.They were special to my father and gave him great __7__. It was also a time of __8__—— I found myself tested in different ways and found perseverance (坚毅) that I didn't __9__ I had.By December last year, my father's condition became more __10__. Unable to deal with his illness, we were __11__ to send him to a centre for dementia care.We brought my father home in February when he got __12__. The next month, the government advised us to stay home because of COVID-19. I was worried that he would miss his walks and would get __13__ if he had to stay home all day long, but when we explained the __14__ to him, he understood. Perhaps it was because he knew hisfamily would __15__ with him.,1.A.pay B.honourC.worry D.knowledge2.A.schedule B.purposeC.trust D.help3.A.Slowly B.ClearlyC.Similarly D.Usually4.A.power B.kindnessC.love D.bravery5.A.planning B.missingC.needing D.remembering6.A.game B.outingC.discussion D.visit7.A.luck B.joyC.pride D.surprise8.A.self-control B.self-studyC.self-discovery D.self-pity9.A.agree B.meanC.guess D.know10.A.serious B.commonC.important D.special11.A.ordered B.forcedC.trained D.wished12.A.better B.happierC.safer D.quicker13.A.injured B.lostC.concerned D.upset14.A.lesson B.changeC.story D.reason15.A.talk B.stayC.work D.waitⅢ.语法填空Loyalty is one of the most important 1.________ (quality) a person can have, a retired farmer Alastair Eckhoff said.Mr Eckhoff was a stock and station agent (代理商) for 38 years and owns a sheep farm in Moa Creek. When 2.________ (ask) what wisdom he would like to pass on to the next generation, he said,“The really major one is loyalty.”Loyalty proved its worth early in his career (职业), when he was just starting out as 3.________ young employee on the Wrightson's experimental farm near Lincoln.“I used to complain 4.________ the pay, as I was only getting 600 a year,”he said.His boss told 5.________ (he) that things would improve if he was loyal and did the job he was asked to do.Later, he was given a stock and station agent position in Omakau, which came with a high pay, a car and a house.He said it was also 6.________ (extreme) important to be loyal to a company and not always go after the best markets or the best deals.When he was younger, he 7.________ (help) into his farm by the original, older owner.He said he decided to lease (出租) his farm to a young couple 8.________ were just starting out earlier this year.“I was given the opportunity 9.________(go) farming,”he said.“Now, I am doing the same thing. I am 10.________ (excite) to pay it forward.”课时作业(五)层级一即时应用体验维度11.stealing 2.rushing pared 4.causing 5.Given维度21.Having written the name of 2.putting them beside their beds 3.while driving 4.carrying the bags around with them5.smelling very bad维度31.With time passing by 2.watching boats passing by3.singing a song 4.Having eaten his dinner5.Turning around 6.Not knowing how to get there维度41.cooking 2.leaving 3.Learning 4.having 5.Entering 6.Thinking 7.feeling 8.behaving 9.Seeing10.reading层级二主题阅读训练Ⅰ.阅读理解A【语篇解读】本文为记叙文。
课时提升作业(15) 必修2 第五章 第2讲
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课时提升作业(十五)(40分钟 100分)一、选择题(本大题共7小题,每小题8分,共56分。
每小题至少一个答案正确,选不全得4分)1.一人站在电梯中,当电梯匀加速上升时( )A.人处于超重状态B.人对电梯的压力大于电梯对人的支持力C.电梯对人做的功等于人增加的动能D.电梯对人做的功等于人增加的机械能2.质量m=2 kg的物体,在水平面上以v1=6 m/s的速度匀速向西运动,若有一个F=8 N方向向北的恒力作用于物体,在t=2 s内物体的动能增加了( )A.28 JB.64 JC.32 JD.36 J3.(2013·南昌模拟)质量为10 kg的物体,在变力F作用下沿x轴做直线运动,力随坐标x的变化情况如图所示。
物体在x=0处,速度为1 m/s,一切摩擦不计,则物体运动到x=16 m处时,速度大小为( )A. B.3 m/s C.4 m/s4.如图所示,长为L 的长木板水平放置,在木板的A 端放置一个质量为m 的小物块。
现缓慢地抬高A 端,使木板以左端为轴转动,当木板转到与水平面的夹角为α时小物块开始滑动,此时停止转动木板,小物块滑到底端的速度为v ,则在整个过程中( )A.支持力对小物块做功为0B.支持力对小物块做功为mgLsin αC.摩擦力对小物块做功为mgLsin αD.滑动摩擦力对小物块做功为21mv 2-mgLsin α5.(2013·日照模拟)质量为1 kg 的物体被人用手由静止向上提高1 m(忽略空气阻力),这时物体的速度是2 m/s ,下列说法中正确的是(g=10 m/s 2)( ) A.手对物体做功12 J B.合外力对物体做功12 J C.合外力对物体做功10 J D.物体克服重力做功10 J6.如图所示,质量相等的物体A 和物体B 与地面间的动摩擦因数相等,在力F 的作用下,一起沿水平地面向右移动x ,则( )A.摩擦力对A 、B 做功相等B.A、B动能的增量相同C.F对A做的功与F对B做的功相等D.合外力对A做的功与合外力对B做的功不相等7.如图所示,在光滑的水平面上有一个质量为M的木板B处于静止状态,现有一个质量为m的木块A在B的左端以初速度v0开始向右滑动,已知M>m,用①和②分别表示木块A和木板B的图像,在木块A从B的左端滑到右端的过程中,下面关于速度v随时间t、动能E k随位移x的变化图像,其中可能正确的是( )二、计算题(本大题共3小题,共44分。
课时提升作业(九) 必修1 5.1&5.2
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课时提升作业(九)降低化学反应活化能的酶细胞的能量“通货”——ATP(45分钟100分)一、单项选择题(包括7题,每题4分,共28分。
每题只有一个选项符合题意。
)1.(2014·云浮模拟)下列关于酶的叙述中,正确的是( )A.人体中酶只能在人体的内环境中起作用B.酶的形成都要经过核糖体的合成、内质网和高尔基体的加工等几个阶段C.基因控制生物的性状有些是通过控制酶的合成来控制相应代谢过程实现的D.酶均是由内分泌腺或外分泌腺的细胞合成的,具有高效性、专一性2.(2014·漳州模拟)如图表示不同pH及温度对某反应产物生成量的影响,下列相关叙述正确的是( )A.随着pH的升高,酶的活性先降低后增大B.该酶的最适温度是35℃C.酶的最适pH是一定的,不随着温度的升高而升高D.随着温度的升高,酶的活性逐渐降低3.(2012·海南高考)下列操作中,不可能导致淀粉酶活性发生变化的是( )A.淀粉酶溶液中加入强酸B.淀粉酶溶液中加入蛋白酶C.淀粉酶溶液中加入淀粉溶液D.淀粉酶经高温烘干制成粉剂4.(2014·延吉模拟)关于探究淀粉酶最适用量的实验,叙述不正确的是( )A.各组需加入等量不同浓度的淀粉酶溶液B.要保证各组适宜并相同的pH和温度等条件C.需要检测不同反应时间条件下的生成物量D.几组实验之间可形成相互对照,不需单设空白对照5.下列有关细胞的能量“通货”——ATP变化的叙述错误的是( )A.ATP与ADP相互转化的能量供应机制是生物界的共性B.人体在紧张或愤怒状态下,细胞内产生ATP的速率大大超过产生ADP的速率C.ATP中的能量可以来源于光能或化学能D.人体在剧烈运动时,通过机体的神经调节和体液调节,细胞产生ATP的速率迅速增大6.(2014·南京模拟)下列曲线中能正确表示人体消化酶作用规律的是( )A.Ⅰ和ⅢB.Ⅱ和ⅢC.Ⅰ和ⅣD.Ⅱ和Ⅳ7.(2014·成都模拟)ATP是细胞内直接的能源物质,可通过多种途径产生,如图所示。
人教版八年级数学上册金榜名师推荐课时提升作业11.3多边形及其内角和(含答案解析)
课时提高作业 ( 五)多边形及其内角和(30 分钟50分)一、选择题 ( 每题 4 分, 共 12 分)1. 如图 , 以下图形不是凸多边形的是()【分析】选 C.若将侧,有一部分在直线ABAB向双方延伸右边 .,这个图形有一部分在直线AB左【知识概括】多边形的分类多边形有两类 :一类是凸多边形 ,它的每个内角都小于180 °,另一类是凹多边形 ,它的内角中起码有一个大于180°.2.(2014 ·连江理智质检 ) 如下图 , 一个 60°角的三角形纸片 , 剪去这个 60°角后 , 获得一个四边形 , 则∠ 1+∠2 的度数为()A.120 °B.180°C.240°D.300°【分析】选 C.依据三角形的内角和定理得:四边形除掉∠1,∠2 后的两角的度数为180 °-60 °=120 °,则依据四边形的内角和定理得: ∠1+ ∠2=360 °-120 °=240 °.3.多边形的每个内角都等于 150°, 则此后多边形的一个极点出发可作的对角线共有 ()A.8 条B.9条C.10条D.11条【分析】选 B.∵多边形的每个内角都等于 150 °,∴多边形的每个外角都等于180 °-150 °=30 °,∴边数 n=360 °÷30°=12, ∴此后多边形的一个极点出发可作的对角线条数为12-3=9.二、填空题 ( 每题 4 分, 共 12 分)4. 剪掉多边形的一个角 , 则所成的新多边形的内角和.【分析】 n 边形的内角和是 (n-2) ·180 °,因为剪掉一个多边形的一个角,则所得新的多边形的边数可能增添一, 可能不变 ,也可能减少一 , 因此所成的新多边形的内角和增添180°或不变或减少180 °.答案 :增添 180 °或不变或减少180°5.如图 : 小亮从 A 点出发行进 10m,向右转 15°, 再行进 10m,又向右转15° , , 这样向来走下去, 他第一次回到出发点 A 时 , 一共走了m.【分析】此多边形的每个外角均相等,每一条边都相等, 由外角和为360 °,得边数 ==24, 则小亮走的总行程为24 ×10=240(m).答案 :2406. 因为一个多边形的外角最多能有个钝角,所以,一个多边形的内角最多能有个锐角 .【分析】多边形的外角和是360 °,设最多有x 个钝角 ,则 90 °x<360 °,解得 x<4, ∴x 最大取 3,即外角最多有 3 个钝角 .∴内角最多有 3 个锐角 .答案:3 3三、解答题 ( 共 26 分)7.(8分)在一个正多边形中,一个外角的度数等于一个内角度数的,求这个正多边形的边数和它每一个内角的度数.【分析】设这个正多边形的边数为n,由题意得 : (n-2) ×180=360, 解得 :n=9,故每一个内角为180 °-=140 °.答:这个正多边形的边数为 9,每一个内角的度数为 140 °.8.(8 分) 四边形 ABCD中, ∠A=140°, ∠D=80°.(1) 如图 1, 若∠ B=∠C,试求出∠ C的度数 .(2) 如图 2, 若∠ ABC的角均分线 BE交 DC于点 E, 且 BE∥AD,试求出∠ C 的度数 .【分析】 (1)因为∠A+∠B+∠C+ ∠D=360 °,∠B=∠C,所以∠B=∠C===70 °.(2) ∵BE∥AD,∴∠BEC= ∠D=80 °,∠ABE=180 °-∠A=180 °-140 °=40 °.又∵BE 均分∠ABC, ∴∠EBC= ∠ABE=40 °,∴∠C=180 °-∠EBC- ∠BEC=180 °-40 °-80°=60 °.【培优训练】9.(10 分) 小明和小亮分别利用图①、图②的不一样方法求出了五边形的内角和都是 540°. 请你考虑在图③中再用此外一种方法求五边形的内角和 . 并写出求解过程 .【分析】(答案不独一)连结五边形的一对不相邻的极点,获得一个三角形和一个四边形,三角形的内角和是180 °,四边形的内角和是360°,因此五边形的内角和是 180 °+360 °=540 °.。
高中英语 课时作业(五)Module 2 The Renaissance Section Ⅰ(含解析
课时作业(五) Module 2 Section ⅠIntroduction &Readingand Vocabulary—ComprehendingⅠ.阅读理解ASnow leopards (豹) are so hard to photograph that scientists aren't even sure how many of these endangered animals still live in the wild.The Snow Leopard Conservancy(SLC) set up 20 cameras in Russia in 2010 to learn more about the big cats. After a full six months, they had exactly zero picture! That's when the organization understood they needed help. And the only people who could help them in finding the leopards were the very people from whom they wanted to protect the animals—local hunters (猎人).Hunting snow leopards is against the law in Russia, but in the terrible climate of Siberia, the few people living there had to turn to poaching (盗猎) to feed their families.In 2013, Russian naturalist Sergei Spitsyn approached Mergen Markov, a local hunter, and told him his project. Markov agreed to set up the camera where he knew he would find leopards, and it worked.Markov, once a poacher, works full time for the conservationists now and has 10 cameras monitoring leopards. “I visit each camera once a month. I have known this whole region since I was a child,〞 he said proudly.The World Wildlife Fund (WWF) began working with other local villagers in 2015. The village would be paid 40,000 rubles at the end of the year if the image of a snow leopard is caught. WWF also rents horses from the villagers so that they do not need to make money by poaching anymore. “Today there are far fewer leopard poachers but leopards still get caught in traps set for other animals, so I have to stay watchful,〞said Markov.Changing guns for cameras has made a big difference in the lives of these former poachers, the village, and the Russian snow leopards. The number of snow leopards has been rising and their population is expected to recover to normal levels within 10 years.1.Why was no picture of snow leopards taken in six months?A.SLC's 20 cameras failed to work properly.B.The number of snow leopards in the wild was too small.C.The local poachers destroyed these cameras on purpose.D.The researchers knew little about the animal's living habits.2.What did Sergei Spitsyn persuade Markov to do?A.Find the poachers.B.Repair cameras in the forest.C.Catch more leopards.D.Work for SLC.3.Why did the WWF begin working with local villagers?A.To get some pictures of snow leopards.B.To help villagers make a living.C.To prevent villagers from hunting animals.D.To rent their horses at a low price.4.How can we describe the WWF's cooperation with the villagers?A.Practice makes perfect.B.Curiosity kills the cat.C.Kill two birds with one stone.D.Old habits die hard.BA young Jewish girl begins a diary just as World War II is about to break out in Europe. She records the details of her daily life, but more than that. Eventually, the diary comes to a heartbreaking end with the girl shot to death by the Nazis. However, it's not the story of Anne Frank. This is Renia's Diary, a journal that was hidden for years in a safe box. Now it's coming to light with the help of Renia's sister and niece.For a long time, Elizabeth didn't even know that her older sister Renia had kept a diary as a teenager in Poland. Then suddenly one day in the 50s, Elizabeth got the diary and started to read it. She was totally stunned and couldn't get very far. “It was too painful to read it,〞Elizabeth recalls. “I just put it in the basement and didn't think about it.〞Alexandra, Elizabeth's daughter, grew up knowing about the locked diary. As Alexandra got older, she was more in terested in it. “If I could read this diary, maybe I'll explore some things from the past,〞 she thought.She got the diary from its hiding place. When she read it, Alexandra was shocked. “It's the description of a wonderful girl who showed great courage in terrible times. My aunt's world comes to life as the diary shifts between a teenage girl's daily life and the war.〞Elizabeth and her daughter Alexandra are excited that the diary will be published. “It is a story that needs to be heard now more than ever. We should never repeat the same types of racism(种族主义) and hate that lead to violence,〞 Alexandra says.5.What does the underlined word “stunned〞 mean in Paragraph 2?A.Embarrassed. B.Bored.C.Excited. D.Shocked.6.Why was Alexandra so interested in Renia's Diary?A.She was curious about her aunt's experience.B.She wanted to comfort her mother.C.She planned to publish her aunt's dairy.D.She decided to prove how strong Renia was.7.What's the best title of the passage?A.A girl fighting against the racism and hateB.Renia's Diary is to come to lightC.Discovering the history of a Jewish familyD.A Jewish family in World War IIⅡ.七选五根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最优选项。
【分层作业】5.2 圆的周长(同步练习) 六年级上册数学同步课时练 (人教版,含答案)
第五单元圆5.2 圆的周长【基础巩固】一、选择题1.一个挂钟的时针长5厘米,分针长8厘米,一昼夜这根时针的尖端走了()厘米。
A.10πB.32πC.16πD.20π2.地球赤道长约4万千米,假设地球赤道上围一根腰带,这根腰带比赤道长20米,那么这根腰带离地面的平均高度大约是()。
A.3毫米多B.3厘米多C.3分米多D.3米多3.下图是一个半圆,求它的周长的正确算式是()。
A.3.141522⨯⨯B.3.14(152)152⨯⨯+C.3.1415152⨯⨯+D.3.141521522⨯⨯+÷4.大圆的圆周率和小圆的圆周率相比,()。
A.大圆的圆周率大B.小圆的圆周率大C.同样大5.一个边长是4cm的正方形画一个最大的圆,周长是()cm。
A.12.56 B.16 C.25.12二、填空题6.一辆自行车的车轮直径是0.5m,前齿轮有48个齿,后齿轮有16个齿,蹬一圈自行车前进( )m。
7.一个时钟的分针长12厘米,它走1小时,分针的针尖所经过的路线的总长为( )厘米。
8.圆无论大小,它的周长总是直径的( )倍多一些,这个固定的倍数用字母( )表示。9.维维想在一张长是3厘米,宽是2厘米的长方形纸片上画一个最大的圆,圆规两脚之间的距离应取( )厘米,这个圆的周长是( )厘米。
10.用圆规画一个周长是15.42cm的半圆,圆规两脚之间的距离是( )cm。
三、作图题11.画周长是6.28cm的圆,并用字母O、r标出它的圆心和半径。
四、计算题12.计算下面图形的周长。
13.求图中图形的周长。
【能力提升】五、解答题14.用一根25.62米的绳子正好可以绕一棵树的树干10圈,还余0.5米。
这棵树树干的横截面的半径大约是多少厘米?15.一个圆形花坛的直径是24米,沿着它的边线大约每隔3米栽种一棵月季花,大约可以栽种多少棵?【拓展实践】16.动手实践,操作应用。
上图的每个方格是边长1cm的正方形。
①请你用圆规在长方形里画一个最大的圆,这个圆的周长是()cm。
【分层作业】5.2 求一个数的几倍是多少(同步练习) 三年级上册数学同步课时练 (人教版,含答案)
第五单元倍的认识5.2 求一个数的几倍是多少【基础巩固】一、选择题1.4的8倍是()。
A.2 B.12 C.322.下列可以用如图线段图表示题意的是()。
A.香蕉有2箱,苹果的箱数是香蕉的3倍,苹果有多少箱?B.一副军棋8元,4副军旗多少元?C.白萝卜有4根,红萝卜的根数比白萝卜多3根,红萝卜有多少根?3.小丁去年3岁,今年爸爸的岁数是小丁的7倍,今年爸爸()岁。
A.21 B.24 C.284.4的6倍与6的4倍()。
A.4的6倍大B.6的4倍大C.一样大5.同一物体,在地球上的重量是在月球上的6倍。
月球上重9千克的物体,在地球上重()。
A.60千克B.54千克C.48千克D.9千克二、填空题6.根据图意计算。
的数量是的5倍。
有多少枝?算式是:_____________________________7.先填一填,再写算式。
第一行:第二行:第二行的数量是第一行的( )倍,就是( )里面有5个( )。
用除法算式表示:______________________________8.(1)妈妈今年( )岁。
(2)今年爷爷的年龄是思思的( )倍。
明年爷爷的年龄是思思的( )倍。
9.有7只,的辆数比只数的2倍少4,有( )辆。
10.有两根绳子,第一根长7米,第二根是第一根的3倍,第二根长( )米。
三、看图列式计算11.看图写算式。
老鼠只能活4年,狮子可以活多少年?乘法算式:(年)12.【能力提升】四、解答题13.(1)今年妈妈多少岁?(2)如果奶奶今年64岁,那么今年奶奶的年龄是军军的几倍?14.小红有8个黄气球和一些红气球,红气球的个数比黄气球的5倍多6个,小红有多少个红气球?【拓展实践】15.逛超市。
(1)小可的钱刚好能买4个闹钟,小可有多少钱?(2)保温瓶的价格是拖鞋价格的7倍,保温瓶的价格是多少元?(3)笑笑有45元钱,想买6双拖鞋,她带的钱够吗?16.北京冬奥组委会以吉祥物“冰墩墩”为主题推出了徽章、钥匙扣、书签等纪念品。
2014版山东《复习方略》(人教A版数学理)课时提升作业第五章 第二节等差数列及其前n项和
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课时提升作业(三十一)一、选择题1.(2012·辽宁高考)在等差数列{a n}中,已知a4+a8=16,则a2+a10=( )(A)12 (B)16 (C)20 (D)242.等差数列{a n}满足a2+a9=a6,则前9项和S9=( )(A)-2 (B)0 (C)1 (D)23.(2013·哈尔滨模拟)已知数列{a n}为等差数列,S n为其前n项和,且a2=3a4-6,则S9等于( )(A)25 (B)27 (C)50 (D)544.如果等差数列{a n}中,a3+a4+a5=12,那么a1+a2+…+a7=( )(A)14 (B)21 (C)28 (D)355.设等差数列{a n}的前n项和为S n,若S3=12,S6=42,则a10+a11+a12=( )(A)156 (B)102 (C)66 (D)486.已知等差数列{a n}中,|a3|=|a9|,公差d<0,S n是数列{a n}的前n项和,则( )(A)S5>S6(B)S5<S6(C)S6=0 (D)S5=S67.(2013·滨州模拟)等差数列{a n}的前n项和记为S n,若a2+a4+a15的值是一个确定的常数,则数列{a n}的前n项和中也为常数的是( )(A)S 7(B)S 8(C)S 13(D)S 15二、填空题8.若S n 是等差数列{a n }的前n 项和,且S 8-S 3=10,则S 11的值为________. 9.若{a n }为等差数列,a 15=8,a 60=20,则a 75=_________.10.(2013·济南模拟)设关于x 的不等式x 2-x <2nx(n ∈N *)的解集中整数的个数为a n ,则数列{a n }的前n 项和S n =________.11.(能力挑战题)设等差数列{a n },{b n }的前n 项和分别为S n ,T n ,若对任意自然数n 都有n n S 2n 3T 4n 3--=,则935784a ab b b b +++的值为___________. 三、解答题12.(2013·太原模拟)已知数列{a n }是等差数列,且a 2=-1,a 5=5. (1)求{a n }的通项a n .(2)求{a n }前n 项和S n 的最小值.13.(2013·温州模拟)等差数列{a n }的首项为a 1,公差d=-1,前n 项和为S n . (1)若S 5=-5,求a 1的值.(2)若S n ≤a n 对任意正整数n 均成立,求a 1的取值范围.14.(能力挑战题)数列{a n }满足a 1=1,a n +1=(n 2+n -λ)·a n (n =1,2,…),λ是常数.(1)当a 2=-1时,求λ及a 3的值.(2)数列{a n }是否可能为等差数列?若可能,求出它的通项公式;若不可能,说明理由.答案解析1.【思路点拨】利用首项a1与公差d的关系整体代入求解,也可直接利用等差数列的性质求解.【解析】选B.方法一:≧a4+a8=(a1+3d)+(a1+7d)=2a1+10d,a2+a10=(a1+d)+(a1+9d)=2a1+10d,≨a2+a10=a4+a8=16.方法二:由等差数列的性质a2+a10=a4+a8=16.2.【解析】选B.由a2+a9=a6得a5+a6=a6,由此得a5=0,故S9=9a5=0.3.【解析】选B.由a2=3a4-6,得a1+d=3(a1+3d)-6,即a1=-4d+3,S9=9a1+36d=9(-4d+3)+36d=27.4.【解析】选C.在等差数列{a n}中,a3+a4+a5=12,由等差数列的性质可知a3+a5=a4+a4,所以a4=4.根据等差数列的性质可知a1+a2+…+a7=7a4=28,故选C.5.【思路点拨】根据已知的特点,考虑使用等差数列的整体性质求解.【解析】选C.根据等差数列的特点,等差数列中a1+a2+a3,a4+a5+a6,a7+a8+a9,a10+a11+a12也成等差数列,记这个数列为{b n},根据已知b1=12,b2=42-12=30,故这个数列的首项是12,公差是18,所以b4=12+3×18=66.6.【思路点拨】根据已知得到a3+a9=0,从而确定出a6=0,然后根据选项即可判断.【解析】选D.≧d<0,|a3|=|a9|,≨a3>0,a9<0,且a3+a9=0,≨a6=0,a5>0,a7<0,≨S5=S6.【变式备选】(2013·聊城模拟)等差数列{a n }的前n 项和为S n ,若a 3+a 17=10,则S 19=( )(A)55 (B)95 (C)100 (D)不能确定【解析】选B.≧a 3+a 17=10,≨a 10=5,那么S 19=19a 10=95. 7.【解析】选C.设a 2+a 4+a 15=p(常数), ≨3a 1+18d=p,解得a 7=13p ,≨S 13()113713a a 1313a p.23⨯+=== 8.【解析】()()1813838a a 3a a S S 101022++-=⇒-= ⇒5a 1+8a 8-3a 3=20⇒10a 1+50d=20⇒a 1+5d=2⇒a 6=2 ⇒()11111611a a S 11a 222+===. 答案:229.【思路点拨】直接解出首项和公差,从而求得a 75,或利用a 15,a 30,a 45,a 60,a 75成等差数列直接求得.【解析】方法一:{a n }为等差数列,设公差为d ,首项为a 1,那么1560a 8,a 20=⎧⎨=⎩,即11a 14d 8a 59d 20.+=⎧⎨+=⎩,解得:1644a d 1515==,. 所以751644a a 74d 74241515=+=+⨯=.方法二:因为{a n }为等差数列,所以a 15,a 30,a 45,a 60,a 75也成等差数列,设公差为d ,则a 60-a 15=3d ,所以d=4,a 75=a 60+d=20+4=24.答案:2410.【解析】由x 2-x <2nx(n ∈N *)得0<x <2n+1, 则a n =2n,所以S n =n 2+n. 答案:n 2+n(n ∈N *)11.【解析】≧{a n },{b n }为等差数列, ≨93939366578466666a a a a a a 2a a.b b b b 2b 2b 2b 2b b +=+===+++ ≧661111111111662a a S a a 21131919,T b b 2b 411341b 41+⨯-====∴=+⨯-. 答案:1941【方法技巧】巧解等差数列前n 项和的比值问题关于等差数列前n 项和的比值问题,一般可采用前n 项和与中间项的关系,尤其是项数为奇数时S n =na 中,也可利用首项与公差的关系求解.另外,熟记以下结论对解题会有很大帮助:若数列{a n }与{b n }都是等差数列,且前n 项和分别是S n 与T n ,则m 2m 1m 2m 1a Sb T --=. 【变式备选】已知两个等差数列{a n }和{b n }的前n 项和分别为A n 和B n ,且n n A 7n 45B n 3+=+,则使得n nab 为整数的正整数n 的个数是( ) (A)2 (B)3 (C)4 (D)5 【解析】选D.由等差数列的前n 项和及等差中项,可得12n 112n 1n n 12n 112n 111(a a )(2n 1)(a a )a 2211b (b b )(2n 1)(b b )22----+-+==+-+()()2n 12n 172n 145A14n 387n 19B 2n 132n 2n 1---+++====-+++ 127n 1=++ (n ∈N *),故n=1,2,3,5,11时,nna b 为整数.故选D. 12.【解析】(1)设{a n }的公差为d ,由已知条件,11a d 1,a 4d 5+=-⎧⎨+=⎩,解得a 1=-3,d=2.所以a n =a 1+(n-1)d=2n-5. (2)S n =()()221n n 1na d n 4n n 242-+=-=--. 所以n=2时,S n 取到最小值-4.【变式备选】设等差数列{a n }的前n 项和为S n ,已知a 3=12,S 12>0,S 13<0. (1)求公差d 的取值范围.(2)求{a n }前n 项和S n 最大时n 的值.【解析】(1)≧S 12>0,S 13<0,≨11112a 66d 0,13a 78d 0,a 2d 12.+>⎧⎪+<⎨⎪+=⎩≨-247<d<-3. (2)由()11313713a a S 13a 0,2+==<知a 7<0, S 12=6(a 1+a 12)=6(a 6+a 7)>0,知a 6>0,又≧d <0,≨n ≤6时,a n >0,n ≥7时,a n <0, ≨S 6最大,即n=6.13.【解析】(1)由条件得,S 5=5a 1+542⨯d=-5, 解得a 1=1.(2)由S n ≤a n ,代入得()11n n 1na a 1n 2--≤+-, 整理,变量分离得:()2113n 1a n n 122-≤-+=12(n-1)(n-2), 当n=1时,上式成立.当n>1,n ∈N *时,a 1≤12(n-2), n=2时,12(n-2)取到最小值0, ≨a 1≤0.【变式备选】等差数列{a n }的各项均为正数,其前n 项和为S n ,满足2S 2=a 2(a 2+1),且a 1=1.(1)求数列{a n }的通项公式. (2)设n n 2S 13b n +=,求数列{b n }的最小值项. 【解析】(1)设数列{a n }的公差为d. 由22222S a a =+,可得2(a 1+a 1+d)=(a 1+d)2+(a 1+d). 又a 1=1,可得d=1(d=-2舍去), ≨a n =n. (2)根据(1)得()n n n 1S 2+=, ()n n n n 1132S 1313b n 1n n n+++===++.由于函数f(x)=x+13x(x>0)在上单调递减,在≦)上单调递增, 而,且f(3)=13228833312+==,f(4)=13298744412+==,所以当n=4时,b n 取得最小值, 且最小值为2933144+=, 即数列{b n }的最小值项是b 4=334. 14.【解析】(1)由于a n +1=(n 2+n -λ)a n (n =1,2,…),且a1=1,所以当a2=-1时,得-1=2-λ,故λ=3.从而a3=(22+2-3)×(-1)=-3.(2)数列{a n}不可能为等差数列,理由如下:由a1=1,a n+1=(n2+n-λ)a n,得a2=2-λ,a3=(6-λ)(2-λ),a4=(12-λ)(6-λ)(2-λ).若存在λ,使{a n}为等差数列,则a3-a2=a2-a1,即(5-λ)(2-λ)=1-λ,解得λ=3.于是a2-a1=1-λ=-2,a4-a3=(11-λ)(6-λ)(2-λ)=-24.这与{a n}为等差数列矛盾.所以,对任意λ,{a n}都不可能是等差数列.关闭Word文档返回原板块。
2021高考一轮复习课时提升作业 十五 5.2动能定理及其应用
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课时提升作业十五动能定理及其应用(45分钟100分)一、选择题(本题共8小题,每小题6分,共48分。
1~5题为单选题,6~8题为多选题)1.(2017·厦门模拟)如图所示,两个光滑斜面的高度h相同,倾角θ1<θ2。
一物体m先后沿两斜面由静止从顶端下滑,到底端时的动能分别是E k1和E k2,则( )A.E k1<E k2B.E k1>E k2C.E k1=E k2D.条件不足,无法比较【解析】选C。
物体下滑过程中,只有重力做功,由动能定理得mgh=E k-0,由于m 和h相等,则有E k1=E k2,故选项C正确。
2.(2017·江门模拟)一个物块以初动能E滑上斜面最高处时克服重力做功0.6E,则它又滑回斜面底端时的动能为( )A.0.8EB.0.6EC.0.4ED.0.2E【解析】选D。
物块向上滑动过程,由动能定理得-mgh-W f=0-E,由题意可知mgh=0.6E,解得W f=0.4E,物块下滑过程,由动能定理得mgh-W f=E k,解得E k=0.2E,故D正确。
3.如图所示,在竖直平面内有一“V”形槽,其底部BC是一段圆弧,两侧都与光滑斜槽相切,相切处B、C位于同一水平面上。
一小物体从右侧斜槽上距BC平面高度为2h的A处由静止开始下滑,经圆弧槽再滑上左侧斜槽,最高能到达距BC所在水平面高度为h的D处,接着小物体再向下滑回,若不考虑空气阻力,则( )A.小物体恰好滑回到B处时速度为零B.小物体尚未滑回到B处时速度已变为零C.小物体能滑回到B处之上,但最高点要比D处低D.小物体最终一定会停止在圆弧槽的最低点【解析】选C。
小物体从A处运动到D处的过程中,克服摩擦力所做的功为W f1=mgh,小物体从D处开始运动的过程,因为速度较小,小物体对圆弧槽的压力较小,所以克服摩擦力所做的功W f2<mgh,所以小物体能滑回到B处之上,但最高点要比D处低,C正确,A、B错误;因为小物体与圆弧槽间的动摩擦因数未知,所以小物体可能停在圆弧槽上的任何地方,D错误。
人教版九年级数学上册:《因式分解法》课时提升作业(含答案)
课时提升作业因式分解法(30分钟50分)一、选择题(每小题4分,共12分)1. (20XX •河南中考)方程(x-2)(x+3)=0 的解是()A.x=2B.x=-3C.x i=-2,x 2=3D.X I=2,X2=-3【解析】选 D. T (x-2)(x+3)=0,••• x-2=0 或x+3=0,解得:x i=2,x 2=-3.2. 一元二次方程5x(7-x)+14=2x的根是()2 2 2A.--B.7 C-和7 D.--和7二二二【解析】选D.原方程转化为5x(7-x)+2(7-x)=0,所以(5x+2)(7-x)=0,解得X I=-=,X2=7.【易错提醒】等号两边都含有公因式时,不先移项提公因式,而是两边都除以公因式,造成题目丢根•3. (20XX •铁岭中考)如果三角形的两边长分别是方程x2-8x+ 15=0的两个根,那么连接这个三角形三边的中点,得到的三角形的周长可能是()A.5.5B.5C.4.5D.4【解题指南】解决本题的三个关键(1) 三角形成立的条件,两边之和大于第三边,两边之差小于第三边•(2) 三角形的中位线等于第三边的一半•(3) 不等式的性质.【解析】选A.方程x2-8x=-15,配方,得x2-8x+ 16=1,所以x-4= ± 1,即X1=3,x 2=5,则第三边c的范围是:5-3<c<5+3,即2<c<8.则三角形的周长I的范围是:10<1<16,•连接这个三角形三边的中点,得到的三角形的周长m的范围是:5<m<8.故满足条件的只有A.【变式训练】方程x2-9x+18=0的两个根是等腰三角形的底和腰,则这个三角形的周长为( )A.12B.12 或15C.15D.不能确定【解析】选C.解方程X2-9X+18=0,得X I=3,X2=6.当腰为3,底为6时,由于3+3=6,不符合三角形的三边关系不能构成三角形;当腰为6,底为3时,符合三角形的三边关系,所以三角形的周长为6+6+3=15.二、填空题(每小题4分,共12分)4. 方程X2-6X+9=(5-2X)2的解是_________ .【解析】原方程可变形为(x-3) 2=(5-2X)2,即(X-3)2-(5-2X)2=0,(X-3+5-2X)(X-3-5+2X)=0,8即2-X=0,3X-8=0,• x i=2,x 2=-."宀e答案:X l=2,X 2h35. 如果(x+y)(x+y-1)=0, 那么x+y 的值为__________ .【解析】因为(x+y)(x+y-1)=0,所以x+y=O或x+y-仁0,即x+y=O 或x+y=1答案:O或16. 实数a,b 满足(a+b) 2+a+b-2=0,则(a+b)2的值为____________ ., , 2【解析】设x=(a+b),贝U原方程变为X +X-2=0,解得X1=-2,X 2=1.所以(a+b) 2=4或者1.答案:4或1三、解答题(共26分)7. (8分)选择合适的方法解题:(1) (X-1)2-2(X2-1)=O.2【解析】(1)原方程变形为(X-1)-2(X+1)(X-1)=0,左边因式分解得,(X-1)(X+3)=0,或X+3=0,所以原方程的解为:X 1=1,X 2=-3.⑵移项,得2(t-1) 2+t-1=0.(2) 2(t-1) 2+t=1.2(3) 2X -3X-5=0.所以X-仁O 左边因式分解得,(t-1)(2t-1)=0,所以t-1=0 或2t-1=0,所以原方程的解为t 1=1,t 2='.2⑶a=2,b=-3,c=-5, △=(-3) 2-4 x 2X (-5)=49.所以%=一1 ,2X2 4所以X lh,X 2=-1.28. (8分)阅读材料:为解方程(x2-1) 2-5(X2-1)+4=0,我们可以将x2-1看作一个整体,然后设x2-仁y…①,那么原方程可化为y2-5y+4=0,解得y i=1,y2=4.当y=1 时,x2-仁1,二x2=2,二x=± _;当y=4 时,x 2-1=4,二x2=5,二x=±¥5,故原方程的解为X1 = j!,X 2=- fi,X 3= ,x 4二哂k.解答问题:(1)上述解题过程,在由原方程得到方程①的过程中,利用_________ 法达到了解方程的目的体现了转化的数学思想.⑵请利用以上知识解方程x4-x2-6=0.【解析】(1)换元⑵设x2=y,那么原方程可化为y2-y-6=0,解得y1=3,y2=-2,当y=3 时,x2=3, ••• x=±*/I,当y=-2时,x 2=-2不符合题意,故舍去.•原方程的解为:X 1^1,X 2=< :.【互动探究】若将⑵ 中的方程换为(x2-x) 2-4(x 2-x)-12 =0,请利用换元法求出它的解.【解析】设y=x2-x,原方程变为y2-4y-12=0.解这个方程得,y 1=6,y 2=-2.2 2当y=6 时,x -x=6,即x -x-6=0,解得X1=3,x 2=-2.2 2当y=-2 时,x -x=-2,即x -x+2=0, 由于△ <0,这个方程无实数根.所以原方程有两个实数根:x I=3,X 2=-2. 【培优训练】9.(10分)(20XX •遵义中考)已知实数a 满足a 3+2a-15=0,求——-——宁 —— 的值.a+l a 2-l a 2 -2a+l a+1 (a+l)(a-lj (a-HXa+2)3 2T a+2a-15=0, ••• a+2a+1=16.• (a+1) 2=16, •原式的值为-. s a+2 (a+l :(a+2) 【解析】,加「一___ 1 n+2 (a-1}2。
人教版必修一高中英语作业与测评-课时提升作业(五) Unit 2(含答案)
课时提升作业(五)Learning about LanguageⅠ. 将下列直接引语变为间接引语1. The teacher said to me, “Come in. ”→The teacher told___________________.2. The teacher said to me, “Don’t be late again. ”→The teacher advised___________________ again.3. Peter said, “What a fine day it is! ”→Peter said _______________________.→Peter said_________________________.4. “Let’s go to the country for a picnic. ”Peter said to me.→Peter advised me __________________ for a picnic with him.5. “Give me a hand, please, ”she said to the boy.→She asked the boy___________________________.6. He said to her, “If the boy refuses to help, tell his father. ”→He advised her _____________ his father if the boy_____________to help.7. “Don’t tell him the news. ”she said to me.→She told me _________________ him the news.8. The shop assistant said to me, “Can I help you? ”→The shop assistant asked me whether___________________.9. “Relax, please, ”the doctor said to the young mother.→The doctor asked___________.10. The teacher said to the boy students, “Don’t play football on the grass. ”→The teacher told the boy students ________________on the grass.答案:1. me to go in2. me not to be late3. what a fine day it was how fine the day was4. to go to the country5. to give her a hand6. to tell refused7. not to tell8. she could help me9. the young mother to relax10. not to play footballⅡ. 完成句子1. The teacher told the student ___________what he said. (set)老师要这个学生记下他所说的话。
【分层作业】5.2 分饼(同步练习) 五年级上册数学同步课时练 (北师大版,含答案)
第五单元分数的意义5.2 分饼【基础巩固】一、选择题 1.a 是个正整数,7a是假分数,10a也是假分数,那么a 的取值有( )种可能。
A .4 B .3C .2D .12.分数单位是17的最小假分数是( )。
A .77B .87C .973.分母是10的最大真分数是( )。
A .1010B .910C .11104.分子是7的所有假分数有( )个。
A .6B .7C .85.下图中,表示54的点应该在( )。
A .0和m 之间B .m 和n 之间C .n 和1之间D .1的右边二、填空题6.最小的质数里面含有( )个47的分数单位。
7.分数ba(a 、b 均为自然数),当a =7时,b =( )时,是最大的真分数;当a =7时,b =( )时,是最小的假分数。
8.在59,65,118,516这四个数中,真分数有( )。
9.若13x是真分数,12x 是假分数,则x =( )。
10.在数轴上面的□里填上假分数,在下面的□里填上带分数。
【能力提升】三、作图题11.涂色表示下列分数。
四、解答题12.把数放入相应的筐内。
13535391111139111121、、、、、、、、、、、、、133474768561444341414【拓展实践】13.请你选用3,5,7组成一个真分数,一个假分数,一个最小的带分数,一个最大的带分数。
14.有一些带分数,它们的分数部分的分子是3,把它们化成假分数后分子是63。
写出所有这样的带分数。
参考答案1.A【分析】根据假分数的意义:分子大于或等于分母的分数叫做假分数,据此解答。
【详解】a7是假分数,则a≥710a是假分数,a≤10由此可知a的取值有7,8,9,10,共4种。
故答案为:A【点睛】利用假分数的意义进行解答。
2.A【分析】分子大于或等于分母的分数叫做假分数。
分数的分数单位是17,即分数的分母是7,那么分子等于分母时,这个假分数最小。
据此解答。
【详解】分数单位是17的最小假分数是77。
2021_2022学年新教材高中英语课时性评价五Unit2Usinglanguage练习含解析外研版
五Unit 2 Using languageⅠ. 写出下列句中画线单词的词性和词义1. Although my new cellphone has many functions, it doesn’t function well. (n. 功能); (v. 起作用, 运转)2. I have booked my ticket and bought three books for my sister. (v. 预订); (n. 书)3. My brother is studying for the ing examination in our father’s study. (v. 学习); (n. 书房)4. Let’s go out for a walk after supper, but don’t walk too fast. (n. 散步); (v. 走)5. You must slow down a little or you’ll make yourself ill. (v. 放慢)6. Lily wanted to take a career break in order to have children. (n. 休息)7. There is no need for you to get up early tomorrow. (n. 必要)8. The boy dreams of being a pilot. (v. 梦想)9. Who scored the goal? (v. 进球)10. The accident resulted in the death of two passengers. (v. 导致)Ⅱ. 单句语法填空1. He had misread (read) a road sign and taken the wrong way.2. It is hoped that natural(nature) resources will be found on Mars.3. He didn’t like his work; he did it simply(simple) for the money.4. Martin was very helpful(help); we couldn’t have finished the work on time without him.5. He was one of the greatest thinkers (think) and had a great effect on Chinese culture.6. We hope these lovely children grow happily and healthily(health) every day.7. It’s a(n)informal (formal) party, so you needn’t go home to get changed.8. Many accidents are caused by some drivers’carelessness (careless).9. The Great Wall in China left a deep impression(impress) on the people all over the world.10. Father looked at the result of his son’s examination with satisfaction (satisfy) and pride.Ⅰ. 阅读理解(2021·某某高一检测) As is known to all, “I am sorry. ”is the phrase we hear most in daily munication in Britain. What does it mean? Does it always mean you apologize (道歉) for what you have done wrong? Let us review a scene happening in a British street one day.A young man walked down a road playing with his smart phone when a lady came over in his opposite direction. The man failed to give his way to the lady in time. As a result, he bumped (碰撞) into the lady. As a rule in China, the man must say “I am sorry”first, because he was so busy playing with his smart phone that he got in the way of the lady. However, both the persons apologized to each other by saying “I am sorry. ”Why is this the case? As a matter of fact, the phrase “I am sorry”takes on another meaning in Britain. Anyone should speak to the other this way if either of them creates inconvenience (不便). The apology is just a way to avoid unnecessary fights between them.Another cultural difference about “I am sorry. ”can also be found at British restaurants. Supposing an old woman says to a waiter in a pub (酒馆), “I am sorry, but can I order another drink? ”This time you must realize it doesn’t mean she apologizes to the waiter for what she has done wrong, but means she really needs the waiter to do something for her.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。
高中地理 课后提升作业十 5.2 产业转移——以东亚为例
课后提升作业十产业转移——以东亚为例(45分钟50分)一、选择题(每小题2分,共22分)(2016·海南高考)非洲的马达加斯加(约12°S~26°S)于1991年开设免税工业区,吸引国际投资,产业以纺织、普通服装制造为主。
1997年,我国某羊绒企业在该免税工业区投资办厂,生产羊绒衫等纺织品,产品直接面向欧美市场。
当时欧美对进口我国的羊绒衫等纺织产品设置配额,而对产自非洲的同类产品没有此限制。
据此完成1~3题。
1.除政策优惠外,马达加斯加吸引国际纺织、服装类企业来投资办厂的主导因素是( )A.交通B.劳动力C.资源D.技术2.导致马达加斯加对羊绒衫几乎没有市场需求的主要因素是( )A.居民收入B.文化传统C.国家政策D.气候3.当时,我国该羊绒企业在马达加斯加兴办工厂,主要目的是( )A.增加产品销量B.接近消费市场C.提高设计水平D.增加当地就业【解析】1选B,2选D,3选A。
第1题,具体分析如下:第2题,由材料可知马达加斯加地处12°S~26°S,属于低纬度地区,终年气温较高,所以对羊绒衫的需求很少。
第3题,相比我国,马达加斯加的设计水平并不高;材料中“产品直接面向欧美市场”,说明我国在马达加斯加办厂会远离部分消费市场;虽然办厂可以增加当地就业,但不是主要目的;从材料提取信息“当时欧美对进口我国的羊绒衫等纺织产品设置配额,而对产自非洲的同类产品没有此限制”说明我国在该地兴办工厂的主要目的是增加销量。
(2016·南昌高二检测)下面是某工业“候鸟”迁移时间先后顺序表,读表回答4、5题。
4.该工业可能是( )A.汽车工业B.纺织工业C.化学工业D.电子工业5.该工业转移所体现的主要区位因素的变化是( )A.科技→劳动力→原材料B.能源→技术→劳动力C.原材料→政策→科技D.劳动力→原材料→科技【解析】4选B,5选A。
第4题,读图可知,该工业由发达国家向发展中国家迁移,应是劳动密集型工业,可能是纺织工业;汽车工业、化学工业不是劳动密集型工业,属于市场或原料导向型工业;电子工业是技术导向型工业。
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课时提升作业(五)
平行线的判定
(30分钟50分)
一、选择题(每小题4分,共12分)
1.对于图中标记的各角,利用下列条件能够推理得到a∥b的是( )
A.∠1=∠2
B.∠2=∠4
C.∠3=∠4
D.∠1+∠4=180°
【解析】选D.因为∠1与∠2,∠2与∠4,∠3与∠4,都不是a,b被截得的同位角或内错角,
所以选项A,B,C不能判定a∥b;
若∠1+∠4=180°,
因为∠1与∠5为对顶角,
所以∠1=∠5,则∠5+∠4=180°,
所以a∥b.所以选项D可以判定a∥b.
【变式训练】如图,∠1=52°,∠2=58°,∠3=70°,下列条件中能得到DE∥BC的是( )
A.∠B=58°
B.∠C=52°
C.∠B=70°
D.∠C=70°
【解析】选D.∵∠3=70°,∠C=70°,∴∠3=∠C,
∴DE∥BC(内错角相等,两直线平行).
2.如图,下列条件中,一定能判断AB∥CD的是( )
A.∠2=∠3
B.∠1=∠2
C.∠4=∠5
D.∠3=∠4
【解析】选B.A、由∠2=∠3,不能判断AB∥CD,故本选项错误;B、∵∠1=∠2, ∴AB∥CD,故本选项正确;C、由∠4=∠5,不能判断AB∥CD,故本选项错误;D、由∠4=∠3,不能判断AB∥CD,故本选项错误.故选B.
3.如图,下列条件中,不能判定直线AB∥CD的是( )
A.∠HEG=∠EGF
B.∠EHF+∠CFH=180°
C.∠AEG=∠DGE
D.∠EHF=∠CFH
【解析】选D.A:因为∠HEG=∠EGF,由内错角相等,两直线平行,得出AB∥CD;B:因为∠EHF+∠CFH=180°,由同旁内角互补,两直线平行,得出AB∥CD;C:因为
∠AEG=∠DGE,由内错角相等,两直线平行,得出AB∥CD;D:∠EHF和∠CFH关系为同旁内角,它们互补了才能判断AB∥CD.故选D.
二、填空题(每小题4分,共12分)
4.如图,根据图形填空:∵∠A= (已知),
∴AC∥DE(同位角相等,两直线平行);
∵∠2= (已知),
∴DF∥AB(内错角相等,两直线平行).
【解析】∵∠A=∠4(已知),
∴AC∥DE(同位角相等,两直线平行);
∵∠2=∠4(已知),
∴DF∥AB(内错角相等,两直线平行).
答案:∠4 ∠4
5.如图所示,请你添加一个条件,使得AD∥BC, .
【解析】由同位角相等,两条直线平行可添加∠EAD=∠B;
由内错角相等,两条直线平行可添加∠CAD=∠C;
由同旁内角互补,两条直线平行可添加∠BAD+∠B=180°.
答案:∠EAD=∠B(∠CAD=∠C或∠BAD+∠B=180°)
【变式训练】1.如图,请你填写一个适当的条件:,使BE∥AC.
【解析】①根据两条直线被第三条所截,如果同位角相等,那么这两条直线平行, 所以∠DBE=∠C时,BE∥AC.
②两条直线被第三条所截,如果内错角相等,那么这两条直线平行,所以∠EBA=∠A时,BE∥AC.
③两条直线被第三条所截,如果同旁内角互补,那么这两条直线平行,
所以∠EBC+∠C=180°时,BE∥AC.
答案:∠DBE=∠C或∠EBA=∠A或∠EBC+∠C=180°
2.如图,已知AB∥EF,∠1=∠2,那么AB与CD平行吗?为什么?请说明理由.
【解析】结论:AB∥CD.∵∠1=∠2(已知),
∴EF∥DC(同位角相等,两直线平行),
∵AB∥EF(已知),
∴AB∥CD(平行于同一条直线的两直线平行).
6.如图,直线a,b都与直线c相交,给出下列条件:①∠1=∠2;②∠3=∠6;
③∠4+∠7=180°;④∠5+∠8=180°.其中能判断a∥b的条件是.
【解析】因为∠1=∠2,
所以a∥b(同位角相等,两直线平行).
因为∠3=∠6,
所以a∥b(内错角相等,两直线平行).
因为∠4=∠6(对顶角相等),∠4+∠7=180°,
所以∠6+∠7=180°,
所以a∥b(同旁内角互补,两直线平行).
因为∠5=∠3,∠8=∠2(对顶角相等),∠5+∠8=180°,
所以∠2+∠3=180°,
所以a∥b(同旁内角互补,两直线平行).
答案:①②③④
三、解答题(共26分)
7.(8分)如图,已知∠1=∠2,∠3=∠4,试判断直线EF与GH是否平行,并说明理由.
【解题指南】由∠1=∠2,结合“对顶角相等”可得∠1与∠5的关系,再结合
∠3=∠4,可得∠MEF与∠HGE的关系.
【解析】EF与GH平行,理由:
∵∠1=∠2(已知),∠2=∠5(对顶角相等),
∴∠1=∠5(等量代换),
又∵∠3=∠4(已知),
∴∠1+∠3=∠4+∠5(等量加等量,和相等),
即∠MEF=∠HGE,
∴EF∥HG(同位角相等,两直线平行).
【变式训练】1.如图,已知直线EF和AB,CD分别相交于点K,H,且EG⊥AB,
∠CHF=60°,∠E=30°,试说明:AB∥CD.
【解析】∵EG⊥AB,∠E=30°,
∴∠EKG=180°-∠EGK-∠E
=180°-90°-30°=60°,
∴∠AKH=∠EKG=60°,∵∠CHF=60°,
∴∠AKH=∠CHF=60°,∴AB∥CD.
2.如图,∠1=115°,∠2=50°,∠3=65°,EG为∠NEF的平分线,试说明AB∥CD, EG∥FH.
【解析】∵∠1=115°,∴∠FCD=65°.
∵∠3=65°,
∴∠FCD=∠3,∴AB∥CD,
∵∠2=50°,∴∠NEF=130°,
∵EG为∠NEF的平分线,
∴∠GEF=130°÷2=65°,
∵∠3=65°,
∴∠GEF=∠3.∴EG∥FH.
8.(8分)如图所示,给你两块同样的三角板和一根直尺(直
尺比桌子长),请你设计一个方案,检验桌子的相对边缘线
是否平行?
【解析】(1)将直尺放在桌面上,使其与桌面一组对边相交;
(2)将三角板一边贴近直尺,斜边贴近桌面边缘;
(3)使另一个三角形同样方法放置,如果相符合说明对边平行,原理如图所示,若∠1=∠2,则a∥b,再检查另一组对边是否平行.
【互动探究】如图,在四边形ABCD中,∠A=∠C=90°,BF,DE分别平分∠ABC,∠ADC.判断DE,BF是否平行,并说明理由.
【解析】ED∥BF.
∵四边形ABCD中,∠A=∠C=90°,
∴∠ADC+∠ABC=180°,
∵BF,DE分别平分∠ABC,∠ADC,
∴∠ADC+∠ABC=2∠ADE+2∠ABF=180°,
∴∠ADE+∠ABF=90°,
又∵∠A=90°,∠ADE+∠AED=90°,
∴∠AED=∠ABF,
∴ED∥BF(同位角相等,两直线平行).
【培优训练】
9.(10分)如图所示,已知∠1=∠2,问:再添加什么条件可使AB∥CD(至少用三种方法)?并说明理由.
【解析】方法一:添加∠MBE=∠MDF.
∵∠1=∠2,∠MBE=∠MDF,
∴∠MBE-∠1=∠MDF-∠2,
即∠MBA=∠MDC,
∴AB∥CD(同位角相等,两直线平行).
方法二:添加∠EBN=∠FDN.
∵∠1=∠2,∠EBN=∠FDN,
∴∠1+∠EBN=∠FDN+∠2,
即∠ABN=∠CDN,
∴AB∥CD(同位角相等,两直线平行).
方法三:添加∠EBD+∠BDF=180°.
∵∠EBD+∠BDF=180°,∠EBD+∠MBE=180°,
∴∠MBE=∠BDF(同角的补角相等),
∵∠1=∠2,∴∠MBE-∠1=∠BDF-∠2,
即∠MBA=∠MDC.
∴AB∥CD(同位角相等,两直线平行).
方法四:添加EB⊥MN,FD⊥MN.
∵EB⊥MN,FD⊥MN,
∴∠MBE=∠MDF=90°(垂直的定义),
∵∠1=∠2,
∴∠MBE-∠1=∠MDF-∠2,
即∠MBA=∠MDC.∴AB∥CD(同位角相等,两直线平行).
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