南方医科大学肿瘤学2008年考博真题试卷

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肿瘤科专业知识考试试题及答案(最全)

肿瘤科专业知识考试试题（A卷）一单项选择题（在备选答案中选择一个最佳答案，每题1分，共45分）1 化疗最常见的主要限制毒性反应为（A ）A骨髓抑制 B 疼痛 C恶心 D恶吐E 脱发2 乳腺癌最常见的症状是（ A ）A乳房肿块 B乳头溢液 C乳房皮肤异常 D乳房乳头内陷3 抽取抗肿瘤药物应用一次性注射器，且抽出药液不超过注射器的（B ）A2/3 B3/4 C 4/5 D1/2 E1/34 化疗药物不慎入眼，应立即用哪种溶液清洗（ A ）A生理盐水 B 碳酸氢纳 C碘酊 D过氧化氢5 化疗药物所致的心血管系统的反应常见的是（D ）A高血压 B冠心病 C心肌梗死 D心肌损伤6 下列属于恶性肿瘤的是（D ）A 子宫肌瘤 B纤维囊性乳腺病 C皮肤乳头状瘤 D无性细胞瘤7 恶性肿瘤病人心理变化哪一期会表现为哭泣。

警惕。

易出汗等（B ）A怀疑期 B恐惧期 C平静期 D体验期 E幻想期8 食管癌手术后极为严重的并发症是（A ）A吻合口瘘 B伤口出血 C神经损伤 D感染 E疼痛10 女性乳腺癌的好发年龄是（ C ）A 20~30岁B 30~40岁 C40~49岁 D50~55岁11 疼痛三阶段给药第三阶段多使用（B ）A曲马多 B吗啡 C可待因 D布落芬12 在完成全部肿瘤药配制后，×109应用哪种消毒剂擦试操作台面（ C ）A95%酒精 B2%碘酊 C75%酒精 D3%过氧化氢13 化疗期间应注意病人血常规变化，白细胞低于多少是应采取保护措施（A ）A1.0×109 2.0×109 C3.0×109 D4.0×10914 卫生部护理质量评比主要指标——病人对护理工作满意率为（C ）A ≧93% B≧94 % C ≧95 % D≧96%15 化疗后静脉局部中度疼痛，轻度肿胀，灼热，评估属于静脉炎（D ）A0级 B1级 C 2级 D3级 E4级16 PICC冲管时不能使用小于多少毫升注射器（B ）A5毫升 B10毫升 C20毫升 D 50毫升17 肠内营养液的温度一般以多少为宜（C ）A20~30℃ B 30~33℃ C38~40℃ D40~42℃18 化疗废弃物处理要放入哪种颜色标记废弃物容器（A ）A红色 B黄色 C黑色 D白色19 重组粒细胞刺激因子最好在化疗后什么时候使用（B ）A12小时 B24小时 C 36小时 D48小时20 化疗废物容器装满多少时不再使用（ A ）A2/3 B1/3 C3/4 D1/221 环磷酰胺不易溶于水需加热才能完全溶解但需小于多少度（ D ）A 30℃ B40℃ C50℃ D60℃22 卡培他滨应在餐后何时服用（B ）A20分钟 B30分钟 C40分钟 D60分钟23 顺泊必须用何种溶液溶解（A ）A生理盐水 B5%葡萄糖 C10%葡萄糖 D灭菌注射用水24 什么是肺癌病人首发症状（A ）A咳嗽 B血痰 C胸痛 D发热25 用紫杉醇前口服地塞米松的时间为（A ）A6小时 12小时 B4小时8小时 C2小时6小时 D半小时1小时26 疼痛按阶梯给药的顺序为（ D ）A可待因→吗啡针→阿司匹林 B吗啡针→阿司匹林→可待因C吗啡针→可待因→阿司匹林 D阿司匹林→ 可待因→→吗啡针27 配制化疗药物需戴几副手套（ C ）A不需要 B1副 C2副 D3副28 所有化疗废物需经多少度高温焚烧灭毒（D ）A100℃ B200℃ C 500℃ D 1000℃29 换PICC贴膜时撕膜顺序为（ D ）A从内至外 B从外至内 C从上至下 D从下至上●30采用数字法评估疼痛时中度疼痛为几分（C ）A1~3 B2~5 C4~6 D7~1031 乳腺癌常见而最早转移的淋巴结是（A）A同侧腋下淋巴结 B锁骨下淋巴结 C锁骨上淋巴结 D锁骨旁淋巴结 D对侧腋下淋巴结32胃癌好发的部位是（E）A贲门 B胃底 C胃体小弯侧 D胃体大弯侧 E胃窦33结肠癌最应重视的早期症状是（C）A腹痛 B贫血 C排便习惯改变 D粪便带脓血或粘液 E肿块34胃癌最主要的转移途径是（B）A直接蔓延 B淋巴转移 C血行转移 D腹腔内种植 E消化道转移35下列关于良性肿瘤特征的描述不正确的是（D）A边界清楚 B生长缓慢 C活动度好 D疼痛明显 E形状规则36国际TNM分期法中的M是指（C）A原发肿瘤 B肿瘤部位 C远处转移 D区域淋巴结 E肿瘤的恶性程度37下列有关于肿瘤化疗的护理叙述不正确的是（C）A药物必须现配先用 B药物不可溢出静脉外 C若出现药物外渗，应立即热敷 D每周检查白细胞和血小板计数 E用后的注射器和空药瓶单独处理38放疗病人口腔出现假膜时，应采用的漱口液为( B )A生理盐水 B双氧水 C甘草水 D金银花水 E呋喃西林液39患者李某，男，49岁，患胃癌晚期，病情日趋恶化，病人对医务人员工作不满，常常对陪伴家属发脾气，请问该病人的心理反应属于哪一阶段（B）A否认期 B愤怒期 C忧郁期 D协议期 E接收期40奥沙利铂在静脉治疗时出现渗漏，下面处理最不应该的是哪一项（B）A热敷 B 冷敷 C硫酸镁湿敷 D局部封闭 E喜辽妥外涂41长春新碱属于哪类抗肿瘤药物( D )A细胞毒素类 B抗代谢类 C抗肿抗生素类 D植物类42 PICC置管者封管注射器最佳选择是（C）A 2.5cm注射器B 5ml注射器C 10ml以上注射器D 以上都可以43原发性肝癌转移最早，最常见的是（A）A肝内血行转移 B淋巴转移 C种植转移 D外血行转移44抽吸化疗药物时，要注意抽出的药液不超过注射器容量的( D )A 1／2B 1／3C 2／3D 3／445诊断恶性肿瘤最可靠的依据是（C）A B型超声波B放射性核素检查C 病理检查 D X线造影46肺癌的恶性程度最高的是( B )A鳞状上皮细胞癌 B小细胞末分化癌 C大细胞未分化癌 D腺癌47早期肺癌的特征性症状是（B）A发热 B血丝痰 C哮鸣 D气促48以下哪项不是三阶梯癌痛治疗原则（B）A个体化给药 B按需给药 C口服给药 D按时给药49哪项不是上腔静脉压迫症状（A）A全身浮肿 B头面部及上肢浮肿 C颈静脉怒张 D口唇发青，呼吸困难51 甲状腺次全切除术中患者突然呼吸困难，失音，发绀应考虑（B）A 喉头水肿B 血管压迫气管C 两侧喉返神经损伤D 两侧喉返神经损伤与两侧喉上神经损伤E 两侧喉上神经损伤52对倾倒综合征的认识正确的是（A）Ａ表现为进甜食后上腹部不适，心慌，恶心等B 可出现休克大出血C 长期不愈者可将毕式1式改为毕式2式手术D 为胃肠吻合过小而引起的 E 治疗应先禁食并给予胃肠减压，消炎等53结肠癌最应重视的早期症状是（C）A 腹痛B 贫血C 排便习惯改变D 粪便带脓血或黏液E 肿块54 急性肠梗阻的早期体征是（A）A 腹胀B 绞痛时伴肠鸣音亢进C 肠形蠕动波D 腹部包块E 腹膜刺激症55 能较早发现大肠癌术后复发的检查是（C）A 纤维结肠镜B 坝餐肠造影C 癌胚抗原检查D 直肠指检E 大便隐血实验●56乳房的正确检查方法（A）A 外上，外下，内下，内上、中央各区B 外上，外下，内上，内下中央各区C 中央，内下，内上，外上，外下D 外上，外下，内上，外上，外下E 内下，内上，外下，外上，中央各区57乳房肿瘤最常见的是（B）A 乳癌B 乳房纤维腺病C 乳管外乳头状瘤D 乳管内乳头状瘤E 乳房肉瘤58 胃癌最主要的转移途径是（B）A 直接蔓延B 淋巴转移C 血行转移D 腹腔内种植E 消化道转移60 患者女性，57岁，肺癌晚期行放射治疗，现皮肤高度充血，有水疱，局部有渗出液，该患者的皮肤状况以下说法正确的是（C）A 正常反应B 一度反应C 二度反应D 三度反应E 低蛋白水肿61 通过中心静脉途径进行胃肠外营养支持的病人，估计其接受营养支持的时间至少应为（C）A 3天B 1周C 2周D 3周E 4周62 对于门诊病人，判断甲状腺功能亢进病情程度最简单而主要的指标（B）A 突眼程度B 脉率和脉压C 体重减轻程度D 食欲亢进程度E 甲状腺肿大程度63女性，30岁，月经前乳房胀痛及出现肿块，月经后自行消退，应考虑为（C）A 乳腺癌B 乳腺肉瘤C 囊性增生病D 纤维腺瘤E 乳管内乳头状瘤64 下列关于良性肿瘤特征的描述不正确的是（D）A 边界清楚B 生长缓慢C 活动度好D 疼痛明显E 形状规则65 国际TNM分期法中的M是指（c）A 原发肿瘤B 肿瘤部位C 远处转移D 区域淋巴瘤E 肿瘤的恶性程度66下列有关肿瘤化疗的护理叙述不正确的是（C）A 药物必须新鲜配制B 药物不可溢出静脉外C 若出现药物外渗，应立即热敷，计数。

南方医科大学外科学(骨外)2006,2008,2011--2019年考博真题

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南方医科大学
2013年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：外科学（骨外）
注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
第一部分外科学总论（共28分）一、名词解释（每题2分，共8分） 1、痈 2、SIRS 3、三期愈合 4、急性肾衰竭二、简答题（每题5分，共20分） 1、无菌术是什么，有何内容，灭菌和消毒的区别 2、代谢性酸中毒的治疗原则 3、肠外营养的指征 4、肿瘤共同的临床表现第二部分骨外科学（共72分）一、简答题(6选4，每题8分，共32分) 1.周围神经感觉障碍的分级。 2.全膝关节置换术的适应症和并发症。 3.迟发型尺神经炎的病因及临床表现。 4. 骨巨细胞瘤的病理学分期及X线表现。 5. 胸腰椎骨折的分类及治疗原则。 6.骨盆骨折的常见并发症。二、问答题（3选2 每题20分，共40分） 1.股骨颈骨折的分型及治疗原则 2.颈椎病的分型及治疗原则 3.开放性骨折的治疗原则
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南方医科大学
2014年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：外科学（骨外）注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸别代表什么，写出中英文 2肠外营养适应证
一、名词解释 1、等渗性缺水 2、交界性肿瘤 3、休克 4、自身输血二、简答题（5选4） 1、骨组织工程的几个要素，你对该研究的前景如何看待？ 2、髌骨软骨软化症的表现和治疗 3、膝关节半月板损伤的诊断要点和治疗原则 4、急性化脓性骨髓炎的临床表现和治疗原则 5、骨巨细胞瘤的病理分型、X线表现和治疗原则三、论述题（3选2） 1、开放性骨折的分类和清创原则 2、腰椎间盘突出的诊断、鉴别诊断和治疗原则 3、骨折的并发症
考试科目：外科学（骨外）
注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。

2008年医学博士外语真题试卷.doc

2008年医学博士外语真题试卷(总分：206.00，做题时间：90分钟)1.Section A（分数：10.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________A.It was called off unexpectedly.B.It raised more money than expected.C.It received fewer people than expected.D.It disappointed the woman for the man" s absence.A.A thoracic case.B.A nervous disorder.C.A stomach problem.D.A psychiatric condition.A.In the housing office on campus.B.In the downtown hotel.C.At the rental agency.D.In the nursing home.A.Thrilled.B.Refreshed.C.Exhausted.D.Depressed.A.To travel with his parents.B.To organize a picnic in the country.C.To cruise, even without his friends.D.To take a flight to the Maldives instead.A.He" s got a revert.B.He" s got nausea.C.He" s got diarrhea.D.He" s got a runny nose.A.To suture the man" s wound.B.To remove the bits of glass.C.To disinfect the man" s wound.D.To take a closer look at the man" s wound.A.Mr. Lindley had got injured.B.Mr. Lindley had fallen asleep.C.Mr. Lindley had fallen off his chair.D.Mr. Lindley had lost consciousness.A.She will apply to Duke University.B.She will probably attend the University of Texas.C.She made up her mind to give up school for work.D.She chose Duke University over the University of Texas.A.Her boyfriend broke up with her.B.She was almost run over by a truck.C.One of her friends was emotionally hurt.D.She dumped her boyfriend" s truck in the river.A.The patient will not accept the doctor" s recommendation.B.The doctor lost control of the allergic reaction.C.The doctor finds it hard to decide what to do.D.The medicine is not available to the patient.A.It was more expensive than the original price.B.It was given to the woman as a gift.C.It was the last article on sale.D.It was a good bargain.A.Excited.B.Impatient.C.Indifferent.D.Concerned.A.She regrets buying the car.B.The car just arrived yesterday.C.She will certainly not buy the ear.D.This is the car she has been wanting.A.He is seriously ill.B.His work is a mess.C.The weather is lousy this week.D.He has been working under pressure.2.Section B（分数：10.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________A.He has got bowel cancerB.He has got heart disease.C.He has got bone cancer.D.He has got heartburn.A.To have a colonoscopy.B.To seek a second opinionC.To be put on chemotherapy.D.To have his bowel removed.A.A pretty minor surgery.B.A normal life ahead of him.C.A miracle in his coming years.D.A life without any inconveniences.A.Thankful.B.Admiring.C.Resentful.D.Respectful.A.It was based on the symptoms the man had described.B.It was prescribed considering possible complications.C.it was given according to the man" s actual condition.D.it was effective because of a proper intervention.A.Smoking and lung Cancer.B.Lung cancer and the sexes.C.How to quit Smoking.D.How to prevent lung cancer.A.Current smokers exclusively.B.Second-hand smokers.C.With a lung problem.D.At age 40 or over.A.156.B.269.C.7498D.9427A.Smoking is the culprit in causing lung cancerB.Women are more vulnerable in lung cancer than men.C.Women are found to be more addicted to smoking than men.D.When struck by lung cancer, men seem to live longer than women.A.Lung cancer can be early detected.B.Lung cancer is deadly but preventable.C.Lung cancer is fatal and unpredictable.D.Smoking affects the lungs of men and women differently.A.A hobby.B.The whole world.C.A learning experience.D.A career to earn a riving.A.Her legs were broken.B.Her arms were broken.C.Her shoulders were severely injured.D.Her cervical vertebrae were seriously injured.A.She learned a foreign language.B.She learned to make friendsC.She learned to be a teacher.D.She learned living skills.A.She worked as skiing coach.B.She was a college instructor.C.She was a social worker in the clinic.D.She worked as elementary school teacher.A.Optimistic and hard-bitten.B.Pessimistic and cynical.C.Humorous and funny.D.Kind and reliable.3.Section A（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________4.I am afraid that you" 11 have to______the deterioration of the condition.（分数：2.00）A.account forB.call forC.look forD.make for5.Twelve hours a week seemed a generous______of your time to the nursing home.（分数：2.00）A.afflictionB.alternativeC.allocationD.alliance6.Every product is______tested before being put into the market.（分数：2.00）A.expensivelyB.exceptionallyC.exhaustivelyD.exclusively7.Having clean hands is one of the______rules when preparing food.（分数：2.00）A.potentB.conditionalC.inseparableD.cardinal8.The educators should try hard to develop the______abilities of children.（分数：2.00）A.cohesiveB.cognitiveC.collectiveic9.Mortgage______had risen in the last year because the number of low-income families was on the increase.（分数：2.00）A.defectsB.deficitsC.defaultsD.deceptions10.The symptoms may be______by certain drugs.（分数：2.00）A.exaggeratedB.exacerbatedC.exceededD.exhibited11.Her story was a complete______from start to finish, so nobody believed in her.（分数：2.00）A.facilityB.fascinationC.fabricationD.faculty12.The police investigating the traffic accident have not ruled out______.（分数：2.00）A.salvageB.safeguardC.sabotageD.sacrifice13.The government always______on the background of employees who are hired for sensitive military projects.（分数：2.00）A.takes upB.cheeks upC.works outD.looks into14.Section B（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 15.The 19 th century physiology was dominated by the study of the transformations of food energy into body mass and activity.（分数：2.00）A.boostedernedC.clarifiedD.pioneered16.Surely, it would be sensible to get a second opinion before taking any further action.（分数：2.00）A.realisticB.sensitiveC.reasonableD.sensational17.The Chinese people hold their ancestors in great veneration .（分数：2.00）A.recognitionB.sincerityC.heritageD.honor18.I worked to develop the requisite skill for a managerial .（分数：2.00）A.perfectB.exquisiteC.uniqueD.necessary19.If exercise is a bodily maintenance activity and an index of physiological age, the lack of sufficient exercise may either cause or hasten aging.（分数：2.00）A.instanceB.indicatorC.appearanceD.option20.The doctor advised Ken to avoid strenuous exercise.（分数：2.00）A.arduousB.demandingC.potentD.continuous21.The hospital should be held accountable for the quality of care it delivers.（分数：2.00）A.practicableB.reliableC.flexibleD.responsible22.Greenpeace has been invited to appraise the environment costs of such an operation.（分数：2.00）A.esteemB.appreciateC.evaluateD.approve23.The company still hopes to find a buyer, but the future looks bleak .（分数：2.00）A.chillyB.dismalC.promisingD.fanatic24.These were vital decisions that bore upon the happiness of everybody.（分数：2.00）A.ensuredB.minedC.achievedD.influenced五、PartⅢ Cloze(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Are some people born clever and others born stupid? Or is intelligence developed by our environment and our experiences? Strangely【C1】______, the answer to both these questions is yes. To some extent our intelligence is given us at birth, and no amount of special education can make a genius 【C2】______a child born with low intelligence. On the other hand, a child who lives in boring environment will develop his intelligence less than the one who lives in rich and varied surroundings. Thus the【C3】______of a person" s intelligence are fixed at birth, but whetheror not he reaches those limits will depend on his【C4】______This view, not held by most experts, can be supported in a number of ways. It is easy to show that intelligence is to some extent 【C5】______we are born with. The closer the blood relationship between two people, the closer they are likely to be in intelligence. Thus if we take two unrelated people【C6】______, it is likely that their degrees of intelligence will be completely different. If on the other hand we take two identical twins they will likely be as intelligent as each other. Relations like brothers and sisters, parents and children, usually have【C7】______intelligence and this clearly suggests that intelligence depends on birth. 【C8】______now that we take identical twins and put them in different environments. We might send one, for example to a university and the other to a factory where the work is boring. We would soon find differences in intelligence developing, and this indicates that environment【C9】______birth plays a part. This conclusion is also suggested by the【C10】______that people who live in close contact with each other,but who are not related at all, are likely to have similar degrees of intelligence.（分数：20.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.quiteB.enoughC.sureD.so(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.out ofB.intoC.from withinD.off(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.amountsB.qualitiesC.limitsD.scores(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.dispositionB.perceptionC.endowmentD.environment(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.anythingB.somethingC.nothingD.everything(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.in advanceB.for effectC.at randomD.under way(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.similarB.variousC.appropriateD.inborn(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.LookB.BelieveC.SuggestD.Imagine(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.andB.or ratherC.as well asD.but for(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.factB.eventC.conditionD.environment六、PartⅣ Reading Compre(总题数：6，分数：60.00)Fourteen-year-old Sean MeCallum lay in a hospital bed waiting for a new heart. Without it, Scan would die. Sean" s case is not unusual. Everyday many people die because there just aren" t enough human organs to go around. Now scientists say they can alter the genetic make-up of certain animals so that their organs may be acceptable to humans. With this gene-altering technique to overcome our immune rejection to foreign organs, scientists hope to use pig hearts for transplants by the year 2008. That prospect, however, has stirred up strong opposition among animal fight activists. They protest that the whole idea of using animal organs is cruel and unjust; some scientists also fear such transplants may transform unknown diseases to humans. Others believe transplanting animal organs into humans is unnecessary. Millions of dollars spent on breeding pigs for their organs could be better spent on health education programs. They believe seventy-five percent of the heart disease cases that lead to a need for organ transplant are preventable. The key is to convince people to eat healthfully, and not to smoke or drink alcohol. Scientists could also use research funds to improve artificial organs. Still others believe that though new inventions and prevention programs may help, spending money to encourage more people to donate their organs is an even better idea. If enough people were educated about organ donations, everyone who needed an organ could be taken off the waiting list in a year.（分数：10.00）(1).What is the problem the passage begins with?（分数：2.00）A.High mortality rate of immune rejectionB.A malpractice in heart transplantation.C.An unusual case of organ transplantD.A shortage of human organs(2).Not only is the gene-altering technique a technical issue, according to the passage but also it______.（分数：2.00）A.introduces an issue of inhumanityB.raises the issue of justice in medicineC.presents a significant threat to the human natureD.pushes the practice of organ transplant to the limits(3).Doubtful of the necessity of using animal organs, some scientists______.（分数：2.00）A.are to narrow the scope of organ transplantsB.switch to the development of artificial organse up with alternatives to the current problemD.set out to pursue better ways of treating heart disease(4).It can be inferred from the concluding paragraph of the passage that______.（分数：2.00）A.the gene-altering technique will help those waiting for organ transplantsB.the present supply of human organs still has potential to be exploredC.people prefer the use of animal organs for medical purposesD.the gene-altering technique leaves much to believed(5).The information the passage carries is______.（分数：2.00）A.enlighteningB.unbelievableC.imaginativeD.factualThere is a great irony of 21st-century global health: While many hundreds of millions of people lack adequate food as a result of economic inequities, political corruption, or warfare, many hundreds of millions more are overweight to the point of increased risk for diet-related chronic diseases. Obesity is a worldwide phenomenon, affecting children as well as adults and forcing all but the poorest countries to divert scarce resources away from food security to take care of people with preventable heart disease and diabetes. To reverse the obesity epidemic, we must address the fundamental causes. Overweight comes from consuming more food energy than is expended in activity. The cause of this imbalance also is ironic: improved prosperity. People use extra income to eat more and be less physically active. Market economies encourage this. They make people with expendable income into consumers of aggressively marketed foods that are high in energy but low in nutritional value, and of cars, televisions set. And computers that promote sedentary behavior. Gaining weight are good business. Food is particularly big business because everyone eats. Moreover, food is so overproduced that many countries, especially the rich ones that far more than they need, another irony, than the United States, to take an extreme example, most adults —-of all ages, incomes, educational levels, and census categories—are overweight. The U. S. food supply provides 3800 kilocalories per person per day, nearly twice as much as required by many a-dults. Overabundant food forces companies to compete for sales through advertising, health claims, new products, larger portions, and campaigns directed toward children. Food marketing promotes weight gain. Indeed, it is difficult to think of any major industry that might benefit if people ate! Less food; certainly not the agriculture, food product, grocery, restaurant, diet or drug industries. All flourish when people eat more. And all employ armies of Lobbyists to discourage governments from doing anything to inhibit overeating.（分数：10.00）(1).The great irony of 21st century global public health refers to______.（分数：2.00）A.the cause of obesity and its counteractive measuresB.the insufficient and superfluous consumption of foodC.the seas natural resource and the green of food sourceD.the consumption of food and the increased risk for diet-related diseases(2).To address the fundamental cause of the obesity epidemic, according to the passage, is______.（分数：2.00）A.to improve political and economic managementB.to cope with the energy imbalance issueC.to combat diet-related chronic diseasesD.to increase investment in global health(3).As we can learn from the passage, the second irony refers to______.（分数：2.00）A.affluence and obesityB.food energy and nutritional valueC.food business and economic prosperityD.diseases of civilization and pathology of inactivity(4).As a result of the third irony, people______.（分数：2.00）A.consume 3800 kilocalories on a daily basisplain about food overproductionC.have to raise their food expensesD.are driven towards weight gain(5).Which of the following can be excluded as we can understand based on the passage?（分数：2.00）A.The economic dimension.B.The political dimension.C.The humane dimension.D.The dietary dimension.Women find a masculine face—with a large jaw and a prominent brow—-more attractive when they are most likely to attractive, according to a study published in the June 24 NATURE. Before, during, and use after menstruation, however, they seem to be drawn to less angular, more "feminine" male faces, the researchers report. " Other studies of female preference, mainly for odors, show changes across the menstrual cycle ," says lead author Ian Penton-Voak of the University of St. Andrews in Scotland. " We thought it would be interesting to look at visual preferences and see if they changed also". The researchers showed 39 Japanese women composite male faces that emphasized masculine or feminine facial features to differing degrees. The women preferred images with more masculine features when they were in the fertile phase of their menses but favored more feminine features during their less fertile phase. The type of face women find attractive also seems to depend on the kind of relationship they wish to pursue, according to another experiment. The cyclic preference for muscular faces was evident among 23 British women asked to choose the most attractive face for a short-term relationship, Penton-Voak says. The 26 women asked to choose an attractive face for a long-term relationship, however, preferred the more feminine features throughout their menstrual cycle. Another 22 women who were using oral contraceptives did not show monthly changes in the faces they preferred even for short-term relationships, indicating that hormones might play a role in determining attractiveness, Penton-Voak says. Men whose faces have some feminine softness are perceived as " kinder" men who may make better husbands and partners, he adds, while macho features may be associated with higher testosterone(睾丸素)levels and good genes. He cautions, however, that research hasn"t yet shown a link between a woman" s preferences in such tests and her actual behavior.（分数：10.00）(1).The researchers made a study on______.（分数：2.00）A.women" s menstrual cycleB.men" s preferred female imagesC.women" s visual preferences of menD.men" s masculine and feminine features(2).Women are drawn to a masculine face, according to the researchers, when they______.（分数：2.00）A.grow to be more feminineB.are on oral contraceptivesC.are ready for conceptionD.are on menstruation(3).It was found in Britain that women" s preferred male images were influenced by______.（分数：2.00）A.their family planningB.the years of marriage they hadC.the length of their menstrual cycleD.the term or relationship they seek(4).Just because the studies of female preferences show changes across the menstrual cycle, as Pen-ton-Voak implies, does not mean that______.（分数：2.00）A.visual preferences do existB.a woman acts this way is realityC.a man will buy into the phenomenonD.men and women prefer the same image(5).Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Does a woman judge from a man" s appearance?B.Is there such a thing as beauty in the world?C.Are women more emotional than men?D.Is beauty more than meets the eye?WELL—do they or don"t they? For years, controversy has raged over whether the electromagnetic fields produced by power lines could cause cancer especially leukemia in young children. But in Britain last week confusion reached new heights. One team from Bristol announced that it had evidence to back a controversial but plausible theory which would explain how power lines might cause cancer(electric fields attract airborne pollutants). Only to be followed by the release of results by another group in London which suggested there is nothing to worry about. What is going on? Actually, the confusion may be more apparent than real. There can be no doubt that the effects of power lines on water droplets, pollutants and naturally occurring radon uncovered by the Bristol team are real and interning. But to suggest that they have anything to do with leukemia in children is premature. The extra exposure to pollution for a child living near power lines would be tiny, and it is not obvious why radon, a gas normally associated with lung cancer—would cause leukemia in children. The second study, which drew reassuring blank, is the world" s biggest ever probe of the statistical link between childhood cancers and magnetic fields of the sort produced by power lines and electrical appliances. It is one of several recent studies that have failed to find a link. Unlike earlier research, these newer studies involved going into homes to measure the electromagnetic fields. The fields they measured included input from major power lines if they were. Which is not to say the research is perfectly. Critics argue that Britain" s childhood cancer study, for example, has not yet taken into account the surges in exposure that might come from, say, switching appliances on and off. And some people might wonder why measurements of the electric fields that are also produced by power lines did not figure in last week" s study. But neither criticism amounts to a fatal blow. Electrical fields cannot penetrate the body significantly, for example. A more serious concern is whether the British research provides an all-clear signal for such countries as the US where power lines carry more current and therefore produce higher magnetic fields. Pedants(书呆子)would conclude that it doesn" t. But these counties will not have long to wait for answers from a major Japanese study. In Britain the latest epidemiological study can be taken as the final word on the matter. If the electromagnetic fields in British homes can in some unforeseen way increase the risk of cancer, we can now be as certain as science allows that the increase is too tiny to measure.（分数：10.00）(1).Both the question "Well—do they or don"t they?" and the question "What is going on?" suggest ______.（分数：2.00）A.the high incidence of LeukemiaB.the advent of bewilderment among peopleC.the warning of the worsening air pollutionD.the tense relation between Bristol and London(2).What would the author say of the results of the first study?（分数：2.00）A.Enlightening.B.Insignificant.C.Reassuring.D.Apparent.(3).What can be suggested from the results of the second study?（分数：2.00）A.There does exist a danger zone near power lines.B.There is much to be improved in terms of design.C.There is nothing to worry about as to power lines.D.There is no link between the first and second study.(4).It can be inferred from the passage that the British outcomes______.（分数：2.00）A.are expected to convince nobody but pedantsB.were found to have left much room for doubtC.could have implications in such countries as the USD.will be consistent with the Japanese ones in the near future(5).To conclude, the author______.（分数：2.00）A.reassures us of the reliability of the latest research in BritainB.asks for improved measurements for such an investigationC.points out the drawbacks of the latest research in BritainD.urges further investigations on the issueSmoking causes wrinkles by upsetting the body" s mechanism for renewing skin, say scientists in Japan. Dermatologists say the finding confirms the long-held view that smoking ages skin prematurely. Skin stays healthy and young-looking because of a fine balance between two processes that are constantly at work. The first breaks-down old skin while the second makes new skin. The body breaks down the old skin with enzymes called matrix metalloproteinases, or MMPs, They chop up the fibers that form collagen(胶原质)—the connective tissue that makes up around 80 percent of normal skin. Akimichi Morita and his colleagues at Nagoya City University Medical School suspected that smoking disrupted the body" s natural process of breaking down old skin and renewing it. To test their idea, they first made a solution of cigarette smoke by pumping smoke through a saline(盐的)solution. Smoke was sucked from cigarettes for two seconds every minute. Tiny drops of this smoke solution were added to dishes of human fibroblasts, the skin cells that produce collagen. After a day in contact with smoke solution, the researchers tested the skin cells, to see how much collagen-degrading MMP they were making. Morita found that cells exposed to cigarette smoke had produced far more MMP than normal skin cells. Morita also tested the skin cells to see how much new collagen they were producing. He found that the smoke caused a drop in the production of fresh collagen by up to 40 percent. He says that this combined effect of degrading collagen more rapidly and producing less new collagen is probably what causes premature skin ageing in smokers, in both cases, the more concentrated the smoke solution the greater the effect on collagen. " This suggests the amount of collagen is important for skin ageing," he says. "It looks like less collagen means more wrinkle formation". Morita doesn" t know if this is the whole story of why smokers have more wrinkles. But he plans to confirm his findings by testing skin samples from smokers and non-smokers of various ages to see if the smoking has the same effect on collagen. "So far we" ve only done this in the lab. " he says. " We don"t know exactly what happens in the body yet that might take some time. " Other dermatologists are impressed by file work. "This is fascinating," says Lawrence Parish. Director of the Centre for International Dermatology at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital in Philadelphia. This confirms scientifically what we"ve long expected, he says. "Tobacco smoke is injurious to skin. "（分数：10.00）(1).Healthy skin lies in______.（分数：2.00）A.a well-kept balance between two working processesB.the two processes of breaking down skin cellsC.a fine balance in the number of cigarettesD.the two steps of forming collagen(2).For the Japanese scientists, to test their idea is______.（分数：2.00）A.to verify the aging of human beingsB.to find out the mechanism of renewing skinC.to prove the two processes of wrinkle formationD.to confirm the hazards of smoking proven otherwise(3).The Japanese scientists tested their idea using______.（分数：2.00）A.MMPs to form fresh collagenB.cigarette smoke to contaminate skin cellsC.human fibroblasts to produce fresh collagenD.non-smokers to be exposed to cigarette smoke(4).As inferred from Morita" s results, smoking______.（分数：2.00）A.could stimulate tile production of fresh collagenB.is unlikely to promote the production of MMPC.tends to cause skin to age prematurelyD.may cause collagen to die by 60%(5).Monrita implies that his findings______.（分数：2.00）A.took less time than expectedB.were hard to accept in dermatologyC.were not exclusively based on the labD.need to be further verified in the human bodyToday, I sit in a surgical ICU beside my favorite Jack as he recovers from a five-hour operation to repair a massive aortic aneurysm. For me it has been a journey into the medical system as an inexperienced consumer rather than in my usual position as a seasoned provider. This journey to an urban referral center has produced some disappointing surprises for Dad, and especially for me. For the past two days, my beloved Jack has been called "Harold"(his first name; Jack is his middle name). Of course, there is nothing wrong with "Harold"—it was what he was called in the army—but Dad never has been "Harold" except to those who really don"t know him. Telephone callers at our family home who asked for "Harold" were always red flags that the caller was a telemarketer or insurance salesperson. Dad doesn" t correct his physicians or the office receptionists—he is from the old school, where it is impolite to question or correct your physician. Once he was an almost ideal "Jack," strong, athletic, quietly confident and imminently trustworthy, but his recent renal failure and dialysis treatments , his stroke and his constant tremor have robbed him of his strength, mobility, and golf game, but not of his will or love of his family, part of the reason he agreed to undertake this risky operation at his advanced age was because his wife and sisters still need his protective support. With so much at risk, he faced thislife-threatening challenge in a city far away from his home and friends and in a place where he is greeted as "Harold. "（分数：10.00）(1).The author relates the story______.（分数：2.00）A.from a consumer" s point of viewB.with a view to punctuating patient rightsC.according to his own standards of health careD.based on his own unpleasant medical treatment(2).Apparently the author" s father______.（分数：2.00）A.did not like to be called by the first nameB.was not well taken care of as expectedC.was mistaken for somebody elseD.was treated like a businessman(3).As the author implies his father______.（分数：2.00）A.encountered so many impolite physiciansB.did nothing but kept quiet in the hospitalC.accepted the way he was greetedD.had his diagnosis made wrongly。

南方医科大学外科学(神外)2004,2009,2012,2015--2016,2018年考博真题

医学考博
历年真题试卷
攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试卷
南方医科大学2004年神经外科学（博士）
1垂体腺瘤经蝶窦入路的手术指征和手术注意事项
2颅脑损伤或脑部手术后呼吸机治疗的适应征和使用要点
3写出颅内动脉瘤Hunt和Hess临床分级
4写出下列词汇相对应的中文或英文名称
(1) subdural perimedullary arteriovenous fistuala;
(2)中枢神经细胞瘤
(3)深部脑刺激(DBS)
(4) craniopharyngioma
(5) subfrontal approach
5写出你对博士研究生课题研究的设想
南方医科大学
2012年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：外科学（神外）
注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
2.简述何为脑室裂隙综合征？及临床表现。
3.开放性非火器伤颅脑损伤的救治原则。
4.中脑周围非动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血定义及可能出血来源。
二、问答题
1.听神经瘤进展分期及临床表现。
2.简述缺血性疾病的检查手段的优缺点。
南方医科大学
2018年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：外科学（神经外科学）
注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
外科总论
一、名词解释
1.体液容量失调
2.CVP
3.冷休克
4.血清肿
5.消毒
二、简答题
1.高钾血症诊断，治疗
2.输血溶血的诊断，治疗
3.S评分，病情判断的意义。
2，动脉瘤蛛网膜下腔出血双H分级。
3，视野缺损的解剖基础，常见疾病。

(完整)肿瘤学考博试题汇总,推荐文档

肿瘤学北京大学医学部2000年硕士肿瘤学：一、选择题（略，2*20分）二、问答题（任选４题，每题15分）1. 说明良性胃溃疡与溃疡型胃癌在临床表现与X线、钡餐检查的鉴别要点2. 防射治疗的基本原则是什么？3. 恶性肿瘤化疗药物的分类及作用原理4. 恶性肿瘤血道转移最常见的靶器官有哪几个？5. 人类恶性肿瘤细胞的主要特性有哪些？6. 肿瘤逃避免疫监视的可能机制有哪些？7. 癌基因与肿瘤发生有什么关系？试举例说明。

8. 原核细胞与真核细胞的主要区别有哪些北京大学医学部2009年博士肿瘤学有30分的题是一样的，另外70分根据报考导师不同作答不同题这30分题是：1.肿瘤扩散方式、各种扩散方式概念、特点、过程2.肿瘤靶向治疗定义、药物机制、谈谈个人对其认识3.肿瘤转移过程、可能分子机制北京大学医学部2011年博士肿瘤学一、简答6选41.抑癌基因失活的主要机制2.细胞周期及其主要的检测点（check point）3.4.二、简述2选11. 靶向治疗与普通化疗有什么区别？2.三、论述题2选11. 肿瘤抗原是什么？请设计一个实验，发现新的肿瘤抗原，并在临床予以验证。

2. 肿瘤的细胞分型与分子分型有什么不同？分子分型在临床的应用。

前面三大题是公选题（60分）。

后面的题是每个老师不同。

（40分）四、名词解释1. 调节性T细胞2.树突状细胞五、简述题1. 乳腺癌的分子分型为哪五种？哪一种更接近乳腺癌干细胞？2. 肿瘤的免疫治疗分类，请举例说明。

3. 化疗耐药的形成机制，针对此如何制定乳腺癌的治疗策略？复旦大学医学院2005年博士肿瘤学一. 简答题1.影像学在肿瘤中的作用2.综合治疗的重要性及其原则3.我国临床实验分几期,各期目的4.恶性肿瘤的转移途径5.微创外科中的无瘤原则6.原癌基因的活化机理,并举例说明7.什么是细胞调亡?肿瘤调亡与肿瘤治疗的关系8.宫颈癌的发病机制二、问答题1.凋亡的形态学及生化特点2.肿瘤外科生物学概念、临床意义3.肿瘤综合治疗分几部分复旦大学医学院2006年博士肿瘤学6道选5道1.DNA 的2种修复机制2.肿瘤的组织学来源3.试述临床研究方案的内容及注意事项4.基因扩增的检测方法5.防止肿瘤转移的治疗及方向6.肿瘤和遗传相关性的2个方面郑州大学2007年博士肿瘤学一.名词解释(每题2分):1.MTD 2.BSC 3.DD 4.DFS 5.EGFR二.问答(每题10分(1.消化肿瘤的主要特点?2.何谓恶病质,主要处理原则?3.肿瘤急性溶解综合征表现及其防治?4.上腔静脉综合征?5.请为CHOP治疗失败或复发的惰性淋巴瘤患者设计一个比较好的化疗方案6.目前骨肉瘤主要的三个化疗药物?7.癌发生的两阶段学说?8.癌细胞进入淋巴管、血管的过程？9.说出FDA批准的四个靶向治疗药物的适应症。

肿瘤学试卷试题库题集.doc

精品文档一、填空题1、环磷酰胺是烷化剂类药物，５ - 氟脲嘧啶是抗代谢类药物。

2、腹水患者应监测腹围，准确记录出入量。

3、甲胎蛋白（ AFP）是诊断肝癌最特异性的血清标志物。

4、肿瘤的介入治疗主要有肝癌肝动脉栓塞化疗和肾癌肾动脉栓塞化疗。

5、三阶梯癌痛治疗原则是按阶梯给药、口服给药、按时给药、个体化给药。

6、化疗药物的毒副作用有即刻反应、早期反应、迟发反应、远期反应等。

7、肿瘤标志物主要包括蛋白质、激素、酶和多胺等。

8、按医瞩准备药物，熟悉常用抗癌药物作用，给药方法和毒性反应。

了解患者的治疗方案。

9、使用化疗药物，应注意药物的配伍禁忌，现配现用，不得放置。

掌握药物的剂量，用法及给药速度，给药顺序及间隔时间。

10 、长期使用阿片类药物可引起便秘，鼓励多饮水，每日1000～ 1500 ml 。

11 、在化疗中，要注意观察患者的病情变化，随时注意体温、脉搏、呼、血压、神志等变化。

12、在化疗中，注意有无药物毒性反应发生，如出现出血、呕吐、皮疹、便秘、腹泻、便血及时报告医生，给予对症处理。

13、处理化疗后患者的排泄物、分泌物，呕吐物时必须戴手套。

14、患者胸腔注药后，指导并协助患者翻身，观察注药后反应。

15 、淋巴瘤患者抵抗力低下易造成口腔感染，应加强口腔护理。

16 、应用紫杉醇发生过敏反应的主要表现是心律失常和血压下降。

17 、抗癌药物的常用给药方法有全身给药和局部用药。

18、化疗期间嘱病人多饮水，每天液体总量不少于3000ml 。

19、顺铂腹腔化疗后应记录24 小时尿量，每日尿量不能少于2500ml 。

20、腹腔化疗药液使用前须加温到37℃～38℃左右，防止冷刺激引起寒战等不良反应。

21、化疗药液外漏应即刻停药，并用生理盐水，利多卡因加地塞米松封闭。

22、使用抗代谢或抗癌抗生素药物易引起口腔炎，要注意做好口腔护理。

精品文档24、肝癌患者发生皮肤搔痒，可用 1 ％薄荷乙醇溶液外涂，不可用力搔抓皮肤，以免皮肤破溃感染。

南方医科大学考博外科真题部分答案

1 骨折内置物术后感染的诊断和治疗策略急性感染:内固定术后急性感染的诊断较容易，一般根据患者的临床表现如现发热、夜间出汗、寒战、肿胀、僵硬以及活动性疼痛可有助于确定感染。

体查发现感染体征，如发红、发硬、苍白、肿胀、局部淋巴结肿大、伤口渗出、窦道和活动性疼痛。

结合实验室检查（全血细胞计数、血沉和C反应蛋白）即可做出明确诊断。

迟发感染:迟发感染因其发病隐匿，在诊断上有一定的困难。

目前诊断标准是：①原骨折处出现酸胀感、深部疼痛、休息痛或原有疼痛加剧，患肢肿胀持续不退。

②原切口局部出现红肿、发热，部分有全身发热发冷等中毒症状。

③有窦道形成。

④穿刺培养可得到阳性结果，但穿刺有脓性液者不一定能培养出细菌⑤实验室检查：早期WBC一过性升高、ESR持续加快，有诊断价值。

⑥X线片表现为软组织肿胀阴影，骨折端有吸收、变位，钉道有透光区出现，内固定物结构不良等。

⑦x线片示骨折端常没有外骨痂形成。

急性感染的治疗:•①清创:彻底清除所有的血肿．坏死组织(皮缘．皮下组织及肌肉组织)．死骨及增生的肉芽组织。

从多个部位切取标本送细菌学及组织学检查。

髓内感染如果存在骨坏死行锉髓清创，通过锉髓将坏死组织清除，并在髓腔远端开将坏死物排出。

•②内固定物处理:只要内固定还能提供稳定的固定，就将其保留到骨性连接出现。

即使是置于皮下的钢板，感染后外露．如果稳定性还在，仍然可以保留，开放换药，并用消毒剂保护伤口，防止外源性感染，髓内钉固定后感染．如果骨折有愈合征像．就保留髓内钉．先行清创．引流脓肿，待骨折愈合后再取出髓内钉．外固定支架钉道感染时通过X线拍片检查确定钉道周围有无环行死骨形成。

如果有骨坏死．就进行清创冲洗更换支架固定螺钉。

•③伤口的处理:有开放治疗和闭合治疗两种方法。

开放治疗效果比较可靠．但病程较长。

具体做法是用含消毒剂的敷料保护伤口，每天换药防止外源性细菌感染。

闭合性治疗：虽然有风险．但可望使伤口较快愈合。

伤口深层一般不缝合放置大号引流营．用林格氏液或伤口冲洗剂行闭式引流、冲洗。

肿瘤学

肿瘤学历届考试大题08本科肿瘤1.案例食管癌（见往年考题）2.良恶性肿瘤的区别？恶性肿瘤的特性？3.请阐述乳腺癌个体化的内科治疗策略。

07本硕肿瘤学1.哪些情况下甲状腺结节应警惕为甲状腺癌2.肿瘤治疗的三种方式及其适用证和局限性3.RNA病毒的分类特征4.一个结肠癌的病例，要求写出进一步检查，诊断和治疗原则5.小细胞肺癌的特点07本科临床肿瘤学1、概述良性肿瘤和恶性肿瘤的相同点和不同点。

2、食管癌和鼻咽癌是潮汕地区的高发肿瘤。

写出导致食管癌和鼻咽癌的发病因素，谈谈你对这个问题的认识。

3、患者男性，60岁，农民，汕头市潮阳区人。

出现进食吞咽困难3月，逐步加重。

伴有体重下降5斤/3月，无声音嘶哑，无背部疼痛，大、小便正常。

既往健康。

入院查体无发现异常。

初步诊断是什么？应行什么检查明确诊断？如何进一步检查了解病变分期以便决定治疗方案？如行手术治疗，术后可能发生的主要并发症有那些？06本硕肿瘤学1.病例分析：胃窦癌①诊断以及诊断依据②鉴别诊断③进一步检查④治疗原则~~~~2.CIN的治疗原则3.应怀疑甲状腺肿瘤的甲状腺结节4.辅助化疗的用药原则5.肿瘤的主要治疗手段有哪三个？适应症和主要限制是什么？05本硕临床肿瘤学1. 概述肿瘤的定义。

比较肿瘤和炎症增生肿块表现有什么不同。

比较它们的治疗原则。

2.抗肿瘤药物的毒副作用。

3.颈清扫术依据.4.肝脏的治疗方法。

5.患者男性，60岁，农民，汕头市潮阳区人。

出现进食吞咽困难3月，逐步加重。

伴有体重下降5斤/3月，无声音嘶哑，无背部疼痛，大、小便正常。

既往健康。

入院查体无发现异常。

初步诊断是什么？应行什么检查明确诊断？如何进一步检查了解病变分期以便决定治疗方案？如行手术治疗，术后可能发生的主要并发症有那些？03级本硕班必修试题：1.肿瘤侵袭和转移的机制2.根据不同的目的，化疗可以分为哪几种？3.“无瘤原则”的定义4.卵巢肿瘤的转移途径。

5.概述肿瘤的定义。

比较肿瘤和炎症增生肿块表现有什么不同。

医学肿瘤学测试题(含参考答案)

医学肿瘤学测试题（含参考答案）一、单选题（共100题，每题1分，共100分）1、我国肝癌的地理分布特点是()。

A、沿海高于内地,西北、华北和西南高于东南和东北,沿海江河海口或岛屿高于沿海其他地区B、沿海高于内地,东南和东北高于西北、华北和西南,沿海江河海口或岛屿高于沿海其他地区C、内地高于沿海,东南和东北高于西北、华北和西南,沿海江河海口或岛屿高于沿海其他地区D、内地高于沿海,西北、华北和西南高于东南和东北,沿海江河海口或岛屿高于沿海其他地区E、沿海高于内地,东南和东北高于西北、华北和西南,沿海其他地区高于沿海江河海口或岛屿正确答案：B答案解析：我国肝癌的地理分布特点为:沿海高于内陆,沿海岛屿和江河海口又高于沿海其他地区,东南地区高于西北、华北和西南地区。

2、目前患病率呈下降趋势的肿瘤是()。

A、肝癌B、肺癌C、大肠癌D、宫颈癌E、乳腺癌正确答案：D答案解析：由于癌症普查措施的普及,目前患病率呈下降趋势的肿瘤是胃癌、宫颈癌和食管癌。

3、下列属于真性肿瘤的是()。

A、迷离瘤B、畸胎瘤C、错构瘤D、动脉瘤E、结核瘤正确答案：B答案解析：A项,迷离瘤又称为异位组织肿瘤,是在胚胎发育过程中,体内某些组织可离开其正常部位,而到一些不该存在的部位,该组织形成的肿块称迷离瘤,其本质非真性肿瘤。

C项,错构瘤是机体某一器官内局部原有成熟组织或细胞异常组合,过度生长,形成肿块,非真性肿瘤,为肿瘤样畸形。

D项,动脉瘤是动脉壁的扩张膨出。

E项,结核瘤是结核菌感染而导致的结缔组织增生形成的瘤样病变。

4、女,26岁,右颈单一无痛性淋巴结肿大为2.5cm×3.0cm,活动欠佳。

活体组织检查发现包膜完整,无出血及坏死。

镜下见其结构已破坏,大量的束状纤维组织增生及散在一些大细胞。

其胞质丰富、透明、核大,有多个核仁,并与周围形成透明的空隙。

同时还可见嗜酸性粒细胞、浆细胞及少量的中性粒细胞。

该病最可能的诊断是()。

A、淋巴结反应性增生B、淋巴结转移性癌C、非霍奇金淋巴瘤D、淋巴结炎E、霍奇金病,结节硬化型正确答案：E答案解析：结节硬化型淋巴细胞为主型霍奇金淋巴瘤:淋巴结的结构基本消失,但可以找到少数残存滤泡的情况并不少见,病变在低倍下呈红蓝斑状,位于淋巴细胞和组织细胞比较集中的部位,淋巴细胞和组织细胞分化基本良好,但有些稍大而不规则,核仁比较明显。

肿瘤学基础试题及答案

肿瘤学基础试题及答案一、单选题（每题2分，共10题，满分20分）1. 肿瘤细胞的无限增殖能力是由于以下哪个基因突变引起的？A. TP53基因突变B. RAS基因突变C. MYC基因突变D. BRCA1基因突变答案：C2. 下列哪项不是肿瘤的三级预防措施？A. 早期发现B. 早期诊断C. 早期治疗D. 晚期治疗答案：D3. 肿瘤的转移方式不包括以下哪项？A. 淋巴转移B. 血行转移C. 种植转移D. 直接转移答案：D4. 肿瘤的TNM分期中，N表示什么？A. 原发肿瘤的大小B. 淋巴结受累情况C. 远处转移情况D. 肿瘤的深度答案：B5. 以下哪个不是肿瘤化疗的副作用？A. 恶心和呕吐B. 脱发C. 贫血D. 皮肤变黑答案：D二、多选题（每题3分，共5题，满分15分）1. 肿瘤的早期诊断方法包括以下哪些？A. 影像学检查B. 实验室检查C. 病理学检查D. 基因检测答案：ABC2. 肿瘤的预防措施包括以下哪些？A. 健康饮食B. 戒烟限酒C. 定期体检D. 避免过度紫外线暴露答案：ABCD3. 下列哪些因素与肿瘤的发生有关？A. 遗传因素B. 环境因素C. 病毒感染D. 免疫缺陷答案：ABCD4. 肿瘤的靶向治疗包括以下哪些？A. 单克隆抗体B. 小分子抑制剂C. 细胞毒性药物D. 免疫检查点抑制剂答案：ABD5. 肿瘤的放疗副作用包括以下哪些？A. 皮肤反应B. 疲劳C. 胃肠道反应D. 心脏毒性答案：ABC三、判断题（每题1分，共5题，满分5分）1. 肿瘤细胞的凋亡是由基因控制的程序性死亡过程。

（对）2. 所有肿瘤都是恶性的。

（错）3. 肿瘤的化疗药物对正常细胞没有影响。

（错）4. 肿瘤的免疫治疗是通过激活或增强患者自身免疫系统来攻击肿瘤细胞。

（对）5. 肿瘤的放疗只对局部肿瘤有效，不能控制远处转移。

（错）四、简答题（每题5分，共2题，满分10分）1. 简述肿瘤的三级预防措施。

答案：肿瘤的三级预防措施包括：一级预防：通过健康的生活方式和环境干预，减少肿瘤的发生。

肿瘤学复试题库南方医

肿瘤学复试题库南方医肿瘤学是一门研究肿瘤发生、发展、诊断和治疗的医学科学。

南方医学院校的肿瘤学复试题库旨在帮助学生系统地复习和掌握肿瘤学的关键知识点。

以下是一些可能包含在题库中的题目类型和示例：1. 定义题：- 肿瘤是什么？- 什么是恶性肿瘤和良性肿瘤的区别？2. 分类题：- 肿瘤如何分类？- 请列举至少三种常见的恶性肿瘤。

3. 病因学题：- 肿瘤的发生可能与哪些因素有关？- 请解释基因突变在肿瘤发生中的作用。

4. 临床表现题：- 肿瘤的常见临床表现有哪些？- 肿瘤转移的途径有哪些？5. 诊断题：- 肿瘤的诊断方法包括哪些？- 影像学检查在肿瘤诊断中的作用是什么？6. 治疗题：- 肿瘤的主要治疗方法有哪些？- 请解释化疗和放疗的区别。

7. 预防题：- 如何预防肿瘤的发生？- 肿瘤筛查的重要性是什么？8. 病例分析题：- 根据以下病例描述，分析可能的肿瘤类型及推荐的治疗策略。

- 患者，男性，55岁，近期出现持续性咳嗽，胸部X光显示肺部有不规则阴影。

9. 多选题：- 下列哪些是肿瘤的高危因素？A. 长期吸烟B. 遗传因素C. 长期暴露于紫外线D. 营养不良10. 简答题：- 简述肿瘤的分期及其临床意义。

11. 论述题：- 论述肿瘤免疫治疗的基本原理及其在肿瘤治疗中的应用前景。

12. 计算题（如果涉及剂量计算等）：- 给定一个患者的体重和化疗药物的剂量计算公式，计算该患者每次治疗的剂量。

结束语：肿瘤学是一个不断发展的领域，新的研究和治疗方法不断涌现。

掌握基础知识，了解最新的研究进展，对于医学生来说是非常重要的。

希望这个复试题库能够帮助大家更好地复习和准备考试。

南方医科大学肿瘤学2017-2018年考研复试真题

南方医科大学肿瘤学2017-2018年考研复试真题
年份不详
（一）名词解释
1.CTC
2.GCP
3.CART
4.MDT
（二）简答题
1.乳腺癌的TNM分期
2.鼻咽癌各期治疗方案
3.RECIST1.1的标准
4.放疗剂量四原则
5.非小细胞肺癌的最新TNM分期
6.简述放射治疗的临床剂量学原则
7.乳腺癌的分子分型及相应的治疗方法
3.放射治疗的临床剂量学原则
4.放疗敏感性和放疗可治愈性和定义及两者之间的关系
相关阅读
37所医学院校复试真题汇总
上海交通大学肿瘤学2017年考研复试真题
延安大学肿瘤学2018年考研复试真题
昆明医科大学肿瘤科2016、2018年考研复试真题
广东医科大学肿瘤学2018年考研复试真题
福建医科大学肿瘤科2010-2011年考研复试真题
（一）简答题
1.简述肿瘤转移途径
2.非小细胞肺癌分子靶向治疗策略，我国市面上的靶向治疗药物
3.晚期结肠癌一线治疗策略
4.原发性肝癌诊断及治疗
5.对MDT的看法
（二）翻译题
英译汉：一篇糖代谢和肿瘤发生机制的小论文
2017年南方医科大学肿瘤学复试真题
简答题
1.什么是精准放疗？说说放疗的最新进展
2.肿瘤细胞的修复4R反应
8.液体活检与精准医疗
9.国市面上的靶向治疗药物
10.肿瘤的转移途径
11.晚期结肠癌的一线治疗方案
12.还有一个肺癌的TNM分期
13.急性肿瘤溶解综合征的定义，预防及治疗方法
14.小细胞肺癌的临床分期
15.列举巴中分子靶向药物及其作用
16.癌前病变的定义，并举出五个例子

(完整版)肿瘤学试卷(带答案)

肿瘤学试卷适用范围：__________ 出题教师：__________(本大题满分30分,每小题1.5分)1. 判断直肠癌侵润深度最敏感的是：( )A. CTB. MRIC. 腔内超声波检查+CTD. 腔内超声波检查E. CT+MRI2. 抗肿瘤药物之所以不能根治肿瘤的原因：( )A. 肿瘤细胞负荷太大B. 细胞动力学中，有G0期细胞存在C. 耐药性产生，肿瘤细胞不敏感D. 免疫力低下，不能接受反复化疗E. 剂量不够大3. 下述那项不属于Tumbull倡导的"无接触技术"的内容：( )A. 广泛切除相应淋巴结B. 结扎肿瘤两端肠管C. 广泛切除相应肠系膜D. 先结扎相关动脉E. 最后游离结肠4. 下列哪一种不是食管癌的X线分型：( )A. 溃疡型B. 蕈伞型C. 缩窄型D. 浸润型E. 髓质型5. 上颌窦癌术前放疗下列中的哪一项不是禁忌症：( )A. 肿瘤侵犯鼻咽筛窦B. 肿瘤侵犯颅底C. 肿瘤侵犯眼眶D. 肿瘤侵犯鼻中隔E. 有颈部淋巴结转移6. 鼻咽癌最常见的首见体征是：( )A. 霍纳氏征B. 鼻唇沟变浅C. 眼球活动障碍D. 鼻咽肿物E. 颈部肿块7. 下面关于剂量建成区的描述哪一个是不正确的：( )A. 从表面到最大剂量深度区域称为剂量建成区B. 由于以上两个原因，造成在最大电子射程范围内，由高能次级电子产生的吸收剂量随组织深度增加而减少C. 在一定深度（建成区深度）以内，总吸收剂量随深度而增加D. 高能次级电子要穿过一定的组织深度耗尽能量后才停止E. 当高能X线入射到人体或体模时，从体表或皮下组织产生高能次级电子8. 早期胃癌多采用下述何种分期方法：( )A. 德国分期法B. 美国抗癌协会分期法C. 日本提出的分期法D. 澳大利亚分期法E. 国际抗癌联盟分期法9. 恶性肿瘤特性中错误的是：( )A. 恶性肿瘤具有浸润和扩散的生物学特性B. 低分化鳞癌生长快,早期可出现转移C. 恶性肿瘤均可以发生淋巴及血行转移D. 恶性肿瘤发生淋巴结转移和血行播散的速度和范围不同E. 高分化鳞癌可以长期局限于局部10. 睾丸精原细胞瘤的病因与下列因素有关：( )A. 既往有睾丸结核B. 睾丸炎症C. 病毒感染D. 与放射线照射有关E. 隐睾或异位睾丸11. 上颌窦癌的治疗原则近年来通常采用：( )A. 动脉化疗＋开窗刮除肿瘤B. 化疗＋手术C. 手术＋化疗D. 放疗＋手术E. 手术＋放疗12. 防止抗肿瘤药物局部栓塞性静脉炎的方法：( )A. 局部热敷B. 滴管内快速滴入C. 局部0.25%普鲁卡因封闭D. 局部冷敷13. 下列症状中哪一个不是鼻咽癌的症状：( )A. 眩晕B. 头痛C. 耳鸣D. 面麻E. 鼻堵14. 芳香化酶抑制剂治疗晚期乳腺癌的机理：( )A. 细胞毒药物，影响DNA的复制B. 抑制雄激素向雌激素转化C. 免疫调节剂，抑制肿瘤血管生成。

肿瘤学考博试题汇总

2. 肿瘤的细胞分型与分子分型有什么不同？分子分型在临床的应用。

前面三大题是公选题（60分）。

后面的题是每个老师不同。

中南大学湘雅医院临床肿瘤学(肿瘤学基础)2008--2013,2016,2018-2019年考博真题

2. artificial active immunization：人工主动免疫是用疫苗接种人体，使之产生特异性免疫，从而预防传染病发生的措施。疫苗（vaccine）是病原微生物或其代谢产物经物理化学因素处理后，使之失去毒性但保留抗原性所制备的生物制品。
3. cancer molecular epidemiology：肿瘤分子流行病学。肿瘤分子流行病学应用流行病学方法研究肿瘤标志物在高危人群和癌症患者中的分布和影响因素,对机体致癌物质暴露、生物学效应以及个体遗传易感性进行测量和评价,试图打开肿瘤病因“黑箱”, 揭示肿瘤发病的本质,它对肿瘤标志物的研究涉及病因学、预防医学和临床治疗各个领域。
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中南大ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้湘雅医院
2009年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：肿瘤学基础注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。一、名词解释 1. cancer susceptibility 肿瘤易感性 2. microRNA 3. cancer molecular epidemiology 肿瘤分子流行病学 4. tumor infiltrating lymphocyte肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞 5. single mucleotide polymorphism单核苷酸多态性
4. tumor infiltrating lymphocyte：肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞。TIL细胞表型具有异质性。一般来说，TIL中绝大多数细胞CD3阳性。不同肿瘤来源的TIL细胞中，CD4+T细胞、CD8+T细胞的比例有差异。大多数情况下以CD8+T细胞为主。新鲜分离的TIL中CD25+细胞百分率较低，随着体外加IL2培养时间的延长，CD25+细胞百分率逐渐升高。NK细胞的标记（CD16，CD56 ）在 TIL体外加IL-2培养过程中有先增高后降低的趋势。

肿瘤学真题及复习题(分章节)

说明：1)标识：灰色字体不考，灰色标记存疑，红色字体重点。

按章节排列，每章尽量按选择、填空、名解、简答、论述的顺序排列，后标有考题年号或复习题号。

2)参考文献：肿瘤往届题00-04、肿瘤题回忆05、2011肿瘤学课件肿瘤学绪论肿瘤细胞与正常细胞相比有___、___、_____三个重要特征NSE见于何种肿瘤：小细胞肺癌（03选择）实体瘤（02名解）：癌、肉瘤、良性肿瘤统称为实体瘤。

其特点是不浸润全身，而是产生局部肿物。

与白血病（浸润全身，不产生局部肿物）相对。

Cancer（03名解）：恶性肿瘤是一组疾病，基本特征为：细胞失去控制地异常增殖，生长迅速，呈浸润性扩张，无包膜或仅有假包膜；组织分化程度差；病变破坏原发部位组织，侵袭邻近组织，并经淋巴道、血道和种植途径向其他组织器官播散，形成转移病变；若得不到有效控制，将侵犯要害器官，引起功能衰竭，导致死亡。

Carcinoma（03、06名解）：上皮组织来源的恶性肿瘤，主要是鳞癌、腺癌。

实体瘤的概念是怎么发展得来的（00问答）与白血病相对应的，包括良性肿瘤、癌、肉瘤肿瘤流行病学占10分适用于人群筛查的肿瘤的特性：有明确的自然过程和治疗方法1)该疾病在普查对象中危害严重。

2)对早期病变有行之有效的治疗手段。

3)有对筛查出来的可疑病人进行确诊和治疗的设施。

4)有一个可以被鉴别的临床前期。

5)筛查方法或手段必须有效、可靠。

6)筛查方法必须被筛查人群接受。

7)该疾病的自然史必须足够清楚。

8)对筛查出的病人和正常人有完整的处理方案。

9)筛查的花费即成本效益必须是可接受的。

10)必需有一个长期的考虑和安排，切忌一次性行为（03、05选择）哪种情况使宫颈癌发生率大大提高：HPV（03、05选择）近20年发病率上升最快的肿瘤：肺癌（03、05选择）肿瘤流病学国家间资料主要对比：患病率、发病率、年龄调整死亡率、调整发病率（03选择）肿瘤患病率（00、04名解）：某段时间内某地区全部人口中存在肿瘤的病例数（包括新旧病例）与调查期内人口数之比。

南方医科大学肿瘤学2008年考博真题试卷

医学考博真题试卷
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南方医科大学
2008年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：肿瘤学
注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、名词解释（每题3分，共15分）
生物化疗
调强放疗
DC
肿瘤微环境
肿瘤标志物
二、简答题
1．简述生活质量评估的意义（10分）
2．参照ER/PR/HER2的表现，简述晚期乳腺癌的综合治疗（15分）
3．什么是循证医学，什么是个体化治疗，说明其辨证关系并举例（15分）
三、问答题
1．肿瘤分子靶向药物，并举三例，说明其原理和应用（15分）
2．质子刀原理及其特点（15分）3．光动力原ຫໍສະໝຸດ 及临床应用（15分）复试笔试题
一、什么叫肿瘤标志物和其在临床的意义
二、循证医学和个体化治疗原则的关系，如何遵循
三、肿瘤放射治疗新进展
四、多学科综合治疗的定义和原则
五、什么叫生物化疗，举例说明，不少于300字