英语翻译中的词汇辨析

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“闪光”之说:
1、shine: 照耀,指光稳定发射;
2、glitter: 闪光,指光不稳定发射;
3、glare: 耀眼,表⽰光的强度;
4、sparkle:闪烁,指发射微细的光度。

“打破”之说:
1、break: ⼀般⽤语,经打击或施加压⼒⽽破碎;
2、crack:出现了裂缝,但还没有变成碎⽚;
3、crush: 指从外⾯⽤⼒向内或从上向下压⽽致碎;
4、demolish: 破坏,铲平或削平(如⼟壤,建筑物,城堡等);
5、destroy: 在⾁体上、精神上或道义上彻底摧毁,使之⽆法复原;
6、shatter:突然使⼀个物体粉碎;
7、smash: 指由于突如其来的⼀阵暴⼒带⼀声响⽽彻底粉碎。

有关“死”之说:
1、去世,与世长辞:to pass away;
2、寿终: to close (end) one's day;
3、咽⽓,断⽓: to breathe one's last;
4、归西: to go west;
5、了解尘缘: to pay the debt of nature;
6、命归黄泉: to depart to the world of shadows;
7、见阎王: to give up the gost;
8、翘辫⼦: to kick the bucket;
9、蹬腿: to kick up one's heels;
10、不吃饭: to lay down one's knife and fork.
有关“怀孕”(pregnant)之说:
1、she is having baby;
2、she is expecting;
3、she is in a family way;
4、she is in a deliacate condition;
5、she is in an interesting condition;
6、she is knitting little booties.
“broken”涵义种种:
1、a broken man: ⼀个绝望的⼈;
2、a broken soldier: ⼀个残废的军⼈;
3、broken money: 零花钱;
4、a broken promise: 背弃的诺⾔;
5、broken English: 蹩脚的英语;
6、a broken spirit: 消沉的意志;
7、a broken heart: 破碎的⼼。

准确理解“kill”(后⾯附词义):
1、he killed the man.杀;
2、he killed the dog,宰;
3、he killed time down at the park,消磨;
4、he killed his chance of success,断送;
5、he killed the motion when it came from the committee,否决;
6、he killed himself by overwork,致死;
7、he killed the spirit of the group,抹杀;
8、he killed three bottles of whiskey in a week,喝光;
9、kill the peace,扼杀;
10、kill the friendship,终⽌;
11、kill a marriage,解除。

“声誉”种种:
1、fame:褒义,指关于⼀个⼈的⼈格、⾏为、才能等⽅⾯的优点;
2、reputation和repute差不多,可褒义可贬义,指对⼈或物的评价、看法,词义较窄;
3、distinction,褒义,指因职衔、地位或⼈格所造成的,通常包含“优越于⼈,与众不同”;
4、renown,褒义,指显赫的声誉或应该得到的荣誉;
5、notoriety,贬义,与fame相对应。

“空空如也”:
1、hollow,表⽰“空洞的,虚的,不实的,下陷的',可以和tree, voice, sound, cheeks等连⽤;
2、vacant,表⽰“没⼈占⽤的,出缺的”,常和position, room, house, seat等连⽤;
3、empty,表⽰“空的,⼀⽆所有的”,可以和house, room, cup, box, stomatch, head, words等连⽤.
你能理解“or”吗?
1、连接两个对等的事物或⼈,可译为“或”,“或者”;
2、前后为同⼀个事物时,应译为“即”,“或称”,“或作”
The exact mechanism of Yutin, or vitamin P as is sometimes called, on the capillary wall is not understood. 附译⽂:路丁,即有时所称的维⽣素P,其对⽑细⾎管壁的确切作⽤(机理)还不了解。

3、连接两组数字,代表不同单位的同⼀数量时,⼀般译为“合”,“等于”;
Normal temperature in man is 98.6F or 37C(遗憾的时表温度上标我不会)。

4、从or中导致⽅⾯结果时,应译为“否则”;
Hurry up, or you will be late.
5、“or so ”左右;"or more"以上;"or rather"甚⾄ "general"涵义种种:
1、全⾝⿇醉 general anesthesia
2、普查,集体检查 general check-up
3、⼀般健康情况 general health condition
4、综合性医院 general hospital
5、总路线 genegral line
6、⼤纲 general outline
7、弥漫性腹膜炎 general peritonitis
8、普通医师 general practitioner
9、总查(病)房 general purpose
10、秘书长 general secretary
你能“定”下来吗?
1、set a date: 决定⽇期
2、set an example:树⽴榜样
3、set fruit:结果⼦
4、set a fire:点⽕
5、set a severed limb:断肢再接
6、set sail:开航,起航
7、set the camera lens:调整(相机)镜头
8、set a pen to paper::动笔,下笔
9、set a new task:提出新任务
10、set down all items:记下所有项⽬
11、set oneself to learn from:决⼼向……学习 你知道这有多“重”?
1、heavy applause:热烈的⿎掌
2、heavy gait:沉重的步态
3、heavy chemicals⼤量⽣产的化学药品
4、heavy sea 波涛汹涌的海⾯
5、heavy sleep:熟睡
6、heavy smoker:烟瘾⼤的⼈
7、heavy current:强电流
8、heavy eater:⾷量⼤的⼈
9、heavy task:繁重的任务
10、heavy food:油腻⽽难消化的⾷物
11、heavy traffic:拥挤的交通
12、heavy weather:恶劣的天⽓
13、heavy road:泥泞的路
14、heavy rain:⼤⾬
15、heavy clouds:厚云
16、heavy crops:丰收
17、heavy frost:浓霜
18、heavy wine:烈酒
19、heavy news:悲痛的消息
20、heavy heart:忧愁的⼼
21、heavy fire:猛烈的炮⽕
22、heavy bread:没有发酵好的⾯包
23、heavy wire:粗线
24、heavy load:重载
25、heavy storm:暴风⾬
26、heavy reader:沉闷冗长的读物
“强度”怎么说?
1、intensity:指强烈的程度,多⽤于磁、电、热、光、声、⽕、劳动等抽象或⾮(易于触摸到的)实体。

例:colour intensity intensity of light
2、strength:指坚强的程度,⽤于可触摸到的具体实物抗拒能⼒的⼤⼩。

strength of cement(⽔泥标号) engine strength
working strength
你打牢“基础”了吗?
1、base:指有形、具体的基础、基地。

base line 基线 base plate 底座
cotton base 产棉区 data base 数据库
paint base 底漆 raw material base 原料基地
2、basic:基本的,碱性的
basic Bessemer steel 底吹碱性转炉钢
basic hole 基孔 basic industry 基础⼯业
basic material 碱性材料
3、basis:⽆形、抽象的基础、根据
econimic basis 经济基础
hole basis 基孔制
scientific basis 科学根据
4、foundation:指⼤厦建筑物的地基,引申为“根据”
foundation bolt 地脚螺栓
material foundation of society社会物质基础
reinforced concrete foundation钢筋混凝⼟基础
The rumour has no foundation这传闻毫⽆根据
你了解这些“组织”吗?
1、construction:指“构造”(将零部件装配,组合在⼀起成为整体的⽅式):“结构”(各组成部分的搭配和排列,建筑物上承担重⼒部分的构造)
aircraft construction飞机构造
welded construction焊接结构
This machine is simple in construction这种机器构造简单
body construction车⾝(机⾝、弹体)构造
capital construction基本建设
physical construction机械构造
prefabricated construction预制构造
ships of similiar construction结构类似的船
2、structure:“结构、组织”
age structure年龄构成
atomic structure原⼦结构
steel stucture钢结构
shell stucture薄层结构
brick stucture砖建筑物
geological stucture地质构造
market stucture市场结构
microscopic stucture显微组织
The human body is a wonderful stucture⼈体是个奇妙的构造物
the stucture of a plant⼀种植物的构造
"charge"涵义知多少?
1、费⽤:service charge服务费;
2、责任:in charge of 负责;
3、装料:furnace charge炉料;
4、电荷:induced charge感应电荷;
5、装药:shaped charge锥孔炸药
再解“develop”
1、发展:
agriculture develpopment
social development
industrial develpopment
development in foreign affairs
2、开发
water-power development
oil-field development
development of natural resouerces
interllectual development
3、研制
advanced development远景产品研制,样机试制 under development
engineering development
operatinal development产品改进性研制
exploratory development探索性研制
4、开拓
ore development
lateral development⽔平开拓
5、展开(⽤于数学)
series development级数展开
development of function函数的展开
6、显影
chemical development化学显影
over development显影过度
time development定时显影
The shade meaning of "power":
「数学」乘⽅、幂
The sixth power of two is sixty-four.
「⼒学」
⼒:horse power
功率:rated power额定功率
「电学」
电⼒:power network
电源:power switch
功率:power export
「化学」
能:chemical power
本领:catalytic power催化本领
化合价:Aluminium has a conmbining power of three. 「机械」
动⼒:power shaft传动轴
⼒:brake power
「社会」
⼒量:knowlege is power
权⼒:politica power
强国:superpower
The shade meaning of "system":
「机电」
系统:electric light system电照明系统
lubricating system润滑系统
电⼒:system fault电⼒故障
装置:tierod-crank system连杆曲柄装置
top charging system炉顶装料装置
设备:loading system转载设备
制:basic hole(shaft) system基孔(轴)制
「数学」组:system of equations
「⼒学」系:system of forces
「化学」法:acid system酸法
「社会」
体系:industrial system
制度:social system
⽅法:a new system of teaching foreign language
The shade meaning of "work":
⼯作:work experience
⼯件:stamp work模锻⼯件
⼯⼚: Motor Vehical Works
⼯事:defence works
著作:new works on acupuncture针刺疗法新书
功:mechanical work
运转:The machine works well.
加⼯:The wood works easily.
起作⽤:The medicine works.
造成:work wonders(miracles)创造奇迹
The shade meaning of "sound":
「声⾳」sound wave
「听起来」The plan sounds reasonable.
「发⾳」sound every syllable!每个⾳节都要发⾳。

The ship moved slowly forward sounding as she went.航船慢速前进,⼀路锤测⽔深。

「完好的」sound metal优质⾦属
「牢固的」sound casting 坚实的铸件
The meaning of "sound":
「圆的」round plate
「整的」a round ton
「环形」a round trip往还⼀次
「圆⾓」fillet and round内圆⾓和外圆⾓
「弹」guided round (missile)导弹
「围绕」The moon moves round the earth.
「到处」show sb round
「使圆」round the corners
「舍⼊」3.14159 rounded to four decimals becomes 3.1416
"废物"之说:
1、litter:并不是真正意义上的废物,⽽是⽤后散置的“杂物”,相当于odds and ends,或索性说是残余物(leavings)
Always pick up your litter after a picnic.
2、waste:真正的废物,美国⼈常⽤trash,此字还有“残屑”、或“垃圾”之意。

垃圾篓美国⼈⽤trash can;英国⽤dustbin.美国⼈把南⽅的穷苦⽩⼈叫the (poor) white trash;可见,此词⼜可作“⽆价值的⼈或物”解释。

That book is mere trash.
3、rubbish:范围⼴,真正的废物。

也可表惊叹“Rubbish(胡说!)”
英国⼈常说:That book is all rubbish.
4、厨房残屑:kitchen refuse或refuse:此词做废物或⽆⽤之物讲,但⼀般指固体废物,不指可排泄的垃圾。

5、到垃圾的地⽅:a dumping ground; a dumping-place for rubbish; a rubbish dump.
6、junk:垃圾、废物。

原意是“破烂货”。

His writing is all junk.
7、废⼈、社会渣滓:human waste; debris; dregs of population; off-scourings of humanity; dross of mankind; hobo
He is now a "has-been"(他现成了废物)=He outlived his usefulness.
Commitment译法:
动词commit在字典中涵义:
1、犯、⾏、作:commit a crime; commit a blunder; commit murder; commit suicide
2、委托、付诸:commit some funds to the care of trustees(委托资⾦与保管委员会);commit a bill(议会将议案交付委员审查);commit thoughts to writing(将想法写出来);commit something to memory(暗记某事);
3、承担:If you agreed to give a number of lectures, help to pay your brother's school expenses, and give $ 500 a year for clothes, you have quite a lot of commitments.
4、(束缚⾝体之意转为)牵累,陷⼊,献⾝:Do not commit yourself(勿⾃限累);commit oneself to a promise;
例析:
1、 In the last decade, however, we have sought to fulfill the goal with greater zeal, greater commitment, and greater success than at any period in our history.
在过去⼗年中,我们⽐历任何时期都⼒求更加热⼼地、更加献⾝地、更加成功地来达到这个⽬标(献⾝)。

2、(李光耀对新加坡⼈的定义)A Singaporean is a person who feels committed to upholding society as it is—multi-racial, tolerant, accommodating, forward-looking——and who is prepared to stake his life for the community.
⼀个新加坡⼈就是⼀个对现存的多元种族、容忍互助⽽⼜⾼瞻远瞩的社会,以献⾝精神来⽀持它,并装备为它付出⽣命的⼈(献⾝的)。

3、I believe that both candidates should make it absolutely clear that they share a basic commitment to the success of the negotiations now taking place in Paris.
我相信两党的总统候选⼈,都应绝对明确地表⽰,他们对于促成现在巴黎举⾏的商谈成功,具有基本的⾔语约束(⾔约)。

4、 he second imperative of our policy for peace is that we must meet our commitment and keep our promises to use our strength to oppose aggression.
我们和平政策的第⼆条诫命,就是我们必须尽我们的义务,守住我们的诺⾔,竭尽所能,反抗侵略(诺⾔)。

5、 Vietnam may be a bitter hoax or it may be a major commitment in the defense of freedom, but it will go away because we yell “foul”; it will not fade because we blow retreat.
越南可能是⼀种痛苦的玩笑,也可能是在保卫⾃由中的⼀个⼤的牵累,它不会因为我们⼤叫讨厌⽽⾛开,也不会因为我们鸣⾦收兵⽽消失(牵累)
6、 The report said that new commitments of US$50.7 million during fiscal year 1968 raised total investments of the International Finance Corporation in private enterprises in its member countries to US$271.8 million in 39 countries.
1968年会计年度新的投资计有5070万美元,使得国际⾦融公司在其他会员国的私⼈企业总投资,39个国家共达27180万美元(投资)。

7、 The Japanese have faithfully observed their commitments.⽇本⼈忠实地遵守了投降条件(条件)。

其他:
an all-around commitment(全⾯的约束)
to give a precipitate commitment(给以轻率的
保险种种:
accident insurance
意外保险
accident death insurance
意外死亡保险
accounts receivable insurance
应收帐款保险
additional insurance
加保
agricultural insurance
农业保险
air transport insurance
空运保险
air transportation cargo insurance
空运货物保险
aircraft hull insurance
飞机机⾝保险
aircraft passenger insurance
飞机乘客保险
all risks insurance
综合保险
annuity insurance
年⾦保险
automobile insurance
汽车保险
aviation insurance
航空保险
aviation liability insurance
航空责任保险
aviation personal accident insurance 航空⼈⾝意外保险
bad debt insurance
坏帐保险
baggage insurance
⾏李保险
bailee's customers insurance
受托⼈代客保险
basic insurance
基本保险
blanket insurance
总括保险
block insurance
船舶保险
boiler explosion insurance
锅炉爆炸保险
bond insurance
债券保险
bonding insurance
保证保险
broker insurance
保险掮客
building insurance
建筑物保险
burglary insurance
盗窃保险
business interruption insurance 业务中断保险
business liability insurance
营业责任保险
capital insurance
资本保险
cargo insurance
货物保险
cargo marine insurance
海洋货运保险
cargo transportation insurance 货物运输保险
carrier's liability insurance
承运⼈责任保险
cash messenger insurance
现⾦运送保险
casualty insurance
不幸事故保险, 灾害保险
cattle insurance
家畜保险
cede insurance
分保
child's insurance
⼉童保险
civilliability insurance
民事责任保险
civil responsibility insuranc e / p >。

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