高中英语重要知识点

⾼中英语重要知识点
学习英语的帮⼿就是兴趣，英语有许多的知识是需要记忆的，也是学习英语的基础。

下⾯⼩编给⼤家分享⼀些⾼中英语重要知识，希望能够帮助⼤家，欢迎阅读!
⾼中英语重要知识1
疑问代词概说
"疑问代词有who(谁，主格)，whom(谁，宾格)，whose(谁的，所有格)，what(什么)和which(哪个，哪些)等。

疑问代词⽤于特殊疑问句中
疑问代词⼀般都放在句⾸，并在句中作为某⼀句⼦成分。

如：
Who is going to speak to us tomorrow?明天谁来跟我们讲话?(who作主语)
Who told you so?是谁告诉你的?(who作主语)
Whom are you talking about ?你们在说谁?(whom作宾语，但在句⾸时⼝语常⽤who代替whom)
Whose umbrella is this ?这是谁的伞?(whose作定语)
What is that? 那是什么?(what作表语)
What did he say?他说什么?(what作宾语)
Which is yours，the blue pen or the redone?蓝笔和红笔哪⼀⽀是你的?(which作主语)
[注⼀]关于疑问代词的各种⽤法，可参看77.70-77.72。

[注⼆]疑问代词who，what，which等后⾯加单词ever，可强调语⽓，表达说话⼈的各种感情。

如：What ever do you want?你到底想要什么?
Who ever is she looking for ?她究竟是在找谁?
[注三]which表⽰在⼀定范围之内的选择，what则没有这种限制。

如：
What do you usually have for lunch?你们午饭通常吃些什么?
Which do you like best?你最喜欢哪⼀个?
Which of you comrades come from the Northeast? 你们同志们中间谁是东北⼈?
疑问代词可以引导⼀个间接疑问句
间接疑问句在句中可⽤作主语、宾语、表语等。

疑问代词本⾝在间接疑问句中⼜担任⼀定的句⼦成分。

如：
Who will be in charge of the work is still not decided.谁将负责这项⼯作，现在还没有决定。

(疑问代词who引导⼀个主语从句，它本⾝⼜在从句中⽤作主语。

)
Do you know what his name is?你知道他叫什么名字吗?(疑问代词what引导⼀个宾语从句，⽽它本⾝⼜在从句中⽤作表语。

)
[注⼀] what所引导的名词性从句(即主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句) 有时不是间接疑问句。

如：
What he says is quite true.他所讲的话很对。

(what相当于that which。

它引导⼀个主语从句，这个从句不是间接疑问句。

)
Children do what the nurse tells them to do.保育员让孩⼦⼲什么他们就做什么。

(what引导⼀个宾语从句，这个从句也不是间接疑问句。

)
[注⼆] whatever，whoever，whichever等词可引导名词性从句。

这些名词性从句也不是间接疑问句。

whatever，whoever，whichever也可引导表⽰让步的状语从句。

见15.65和15.72)如：
They eat whatever they can find.他们找到什么就吃什么。

(whatever引导⼀个宾语从句，并在从句中作宾语。

)
I've got plenty of books 1eft.Whoever wants an extra copy can get one from me.我还剩下许多书，谁还
想再要⼀本可来拿。

(whoever引导⼀个主语从句，并在从句中作主语。

)
⾼中英语重要知识2
关系代词
两种可⽤来引导从句并将从句和主句连接起来的代词
这样的代词⼀⽅⾯在从句中⽤作句⼦成分，可作主语、宾语、定语等;另⼀⽅⾯⼜起连词的作⽤。

这样的代词有关系代词和疑问代词两种。

关系代词概说
关系代词有who，whose，whom，that，which等，⽤来引导定语从句。

它们在定语从句中可⽤作主语、宾语、定语或表语;另⼀⽅⾯它们⼜代表主句中为定语从句所修饰的那个名词或代词(这样的名词和代词叫做先⾏词)。

如：
The man who is talking with Mr. Brown is an eye Specialist和布朗先⽣谈话的那个⼈是个眼科⼤夫。

(关系代词who在从句中⽤作⼟语，它的先⾏词是man)
He is the comrade whom you have been looking for他就是你要找的那位同志。

(关系代词whom在从句中作宾语，它的先⾏词是comrade，whom在⼝语中⼀般可省去)
The old man whose son is in the navy used to be carpenter.⼉⼦在海军的那位⽼⼈过去是个⽊匠。

(关系代词whose在从句中⽤作定语，先⾏词为man)
The film which I saw last night is about a young teacher.我昨晚看的那部电影说的是⼀个年轻教师的事。

(关系代词which在从句中⽤作宾语，先⾏词为film, which在⼝语中可省略)
This is the plane that will fly to Tokyo in the afternoon.这是下午要飞往东京的飞机。

(关系代词that在从句中⽤作主语，先⾏词为plane)
⾼中英语重要知识3
不定代词的⽤法
不定代词⼤都可代替名词和形容词，在句中可⽤作主语、宾语、表语和定语。

如：
1.⽤作主语
Both of them are waiters.他们俩⼈都是男侍者。

Is everybody here?⼈都到了吗?
2.⽤作宾语
I know little about the novel关于这本⼩说我知道的很少。

I am speaking for myself，not for others.我只代表⾃⼰，不代表别⼈发⾔。

I was interested in everything that the old man told me.我对于这位⽼⼈告诉我的⼀切都感兴趣。

3.⽤作表语
That's all for today. class is dismissed.今天就讲这⼀些。

现在下课。

This book is too much for me.这本书对我说太难了。

4.⽤作定语
Study well and make progress every day.好好学习，天天向上。

He has some English books.他有⼀些英⽂书。

china will become a powerful modern country in another twenty years.再过⼆⼗年中国将成为现代化强国。

[注]有些不定代词也可⽤作同位语和状语。

如：
Wang and Li both made good progress.王和李两⼈都有很⼤进步。

They all went to the Zoo.他们都去动物园了。

Are you any good at mathematics?你数学好吗?
The meeting lasted some two hours.会议进⾏了两个⼩时左右。

⾼中英语重要知识4
would rather that somebody did…"宁愿……;更愿意……"(表⽰现在或将来的愿望)
would rather that somebody had done…"宁愿……;更愿意……"(表⽰过去的愿望)
[例句]
I'd rather you posted the letter right now. 我想让你现在去寄信。

I'd rather you were not a celebrated actor. In that case, we could spend more time together.
我到情愿你不是个知名演员，这样我们可以有更多的时间在⼀起。

I'd rather that I hadn't seen her yesterday. 我情愿昨天没有看到她。

句型2
as if/though+主语+did/had done…好像……(表⽰现在或将来的情况⽤过去时;表⽰过去的情况⽤过去完成时)[参考句型4]
[例句]
Our head teacher treats us as if we were her own children, so all the students in our class think highly of her.
Alan talked about Rome as if he had been there. Alan谈起罗马来就好像他去过那⾥似的。

句型3
"wish +宾语从句"，表⽰不⼤可能实现的愿望
表⽰现在的愿望：主语+过去时;
表⽰过去的愿望：主语+had done;
表⽰将来的愿望：主语+would/could do
[例句]
How I wish we students had more free time to relax ourselves! 我们学⽣多么希望有更多的⾃由时间放松⾃⼰!
I failed in the maths exam. How I wish I hadn't wasted so much time playing!
What a pity you can't go to the party. How I wish I could dance with you at the party!
句型4
It's high/about time that somebody did (should do) (should通常不省略) …早就该……
[例句]
It's time that you went to school.= It's time that you should go to school.
It's high time that we did something to improve our environment. 该是我们为环保做些事情了。

I think it's high time that she made up her mind. 我想她该拿定主意了。

句型5
情态动词+动词不定式完成结构的⽤法
could have done "本来可以……"(表⽰过去没有实现的可能)。

might have done "本来可能……;本来应该或可以做某事"(实际没有发⽣;含有轻微的责备语⽓。

should/ought to have done "本来该做某事"(⽽实际未做)
should not/ought not to have done "本来不该做"(实际却做过了，含有责备语⽓)
needn't have done "本来不必做"(但是已经做过了)
would rather have done "当时宁愿做了某事"(实际没有做过);否定式would rather not have done表达相反意思，两者都有表⽰"后悔"之意。

句型6
as, though, although引导的让步状语从句。

[注意]although位于句⾸;though位于句⾸或句中;as位于句中=though。

它的词序是把句中强调的形容词、副词、动词或名词放在连词前。

[参考倒装结构] 请注意下列句式的变化：
1. Although/Though I'm young, I already know what career I want to follow.
→Young as/though I am, I already know what career I want to follow.
我虽然年轻，但我已经明⽩我应该追随什么样的事业。

2. Although/Though I respect him very much, I cannot agree with his idea.
→Much as/though I respect him, I cannot agree with his idea. 虽然我很尊重他，但是我不同意他的观点。

3. Although/Though he is a child, he knows a lot of Chinese characters.
→Child(省略冠词)as/though he is, he knows a lot of Chinese characters. 他虽然还是个孩⼦，却认识了许多汉字。

4. Although he tried, he couldn't solve the problem.
→Try as he might, he couldn't solve the problem. 尽管他努⼒了，但是他没有解决问题。

5. Although it is raining, I'm going out for a walk.
→Raining as it is, I'm going out for a walk. 天虽然在下⾬，我还是要出去散步。

6. Strange as it may seem, nobody was injured in the accident. 这次意外虽然显得不可思议，却没有⼈受伤。

7. Much as I would like to help, I have a lot to do. 虽然我很想帮助你，但是我有很多事要做。

8. Object as you may, I will go. 纵使你反对，我也要去。

句型7
…before…特殊⽤法(1)"没来得及……就……"
[例句]
The roof fell before he had time to dash into the room to save his baby.
他还没有来得及冲进房间救孩⼦，房顶就塌了。

He ran off before I could stop him. 我还没有来得及阻⽌，他已经跑了。

To my great disappointment, my favorite singer left the concert before I could have a word with her.
让我⾮常失望的是，我还没有来得及和我最喜欢的歌⼿打招呼，她就已经离开了。

句型8
…before…特殊⽤法(2)"过了多久才……"或"动作进⾏到什么程度才……"
[例句]
They walked about fifty miles to the west before they saw a village.
他们西⾏50英⾥才看到⼀个村庄。

The workers worked day and night about three days before everything returned to normal.
⼯⼈们连续⼯作3天才使⼀切恢复正常。

He almost knocked me down before he knew it.
他⼏乎撞到我了才意识到。

We had walked a long way before we found some water.
我们⾛了很长的路才找到⼀点⽔。

Five years went by before I knew it. 不知不觉，五年过去了。

句型9
It was + 时间段+before…."过了多久才(怎么样)……"
It was not long before…."不久，就……"
It will (not) be +时间段+before…."要过多久(不久)……才……"(before从句谓语动词要⽤⼀般时态)
It was not long before he sensed the danger of the position.不久他就意识到他处境的危险。

It was five days before he came back. 五天后他才回来。

It will be half a year before you graduate from the school. 再过半年你才能毕业。

It will not be long before they understand each other. 他们⼤概不久就会互相了解。

句型10
in case of…(+n.) "以防;万⼀";
in case that…"以防，万⼀……"(谓语动词⽤⼀般现在时态或should+动词原形)
[例句]
In case of fire, what should we do?
Please remind me about it in case I forget/should forget. 万⼀我忘了，请提醒我。

In case (that) John comes/should come, please tell him to wait.
Please take your umbrella in case (that it rains/should rain).带上⾬伞，以防下⾬。

⾼中英语重要知识5
⼀. 直接引语和间接引语
(⼀)直接引述别⼈的原话，叫做直接引语;⽤⾃⼰话转述别⼈的话，叫做间接引语。

间接引语⼀般构成宾语从句。

直接引语必须放在引号内，间接引语则不⽤引号。

直接引语改为间接引语时，除将引语部分变成宾语从句外，还必须对直接引语中的⼈称、时态、指⽰代词、时间状语、地点状语等进⾏改变。

1. 时态的变化：直接引语变为间接引语时，通常受转述动词said, asked等的影响⽽使⽤过去化的时态，即把原来的时态向过去推，也就是⼀般现在时变为⼀般过去时，现在进⾏时变为过去进⾏时，等等。

例如：
Tom said to me,“My brother is doing his homework.”
→Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework.
2. ⼈称代词、指⽰代词、时间状语、地点状语等等的变化：根据意义进⾏相应的变化，例如：
She asked Jack,“Where have you been?”
→She asked Jack where he had been.
He said,“These books are mine.”
→He said that those books were his.
(⼆)直接引语改为间接引语时，都使⽤陈述语序，但是因为原句的句式不同，所以变成间接引语时所⽤的连词会有所不同。

直接引语如果是⼀般疑问句，⽤连接词whether或if;如果是特殊疑问句，则⽤疑问词引导间接引语。

转述的动词⼀般⽤asked，可以在其后加上⼀个间接宾语me, him, her, us等。

如：She said,“Is your father at home?”
→She asked me if/whether my father was at home.
“What do you do every Sunday?”My friend asked me.
→My friend asked me what I did every Sunday.
直接引语如果是祈使句，改为间接引语时，要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式，并在不定式的前⾯根据原句的语⽓(即请求或命令)加上ask, tell, order等动词，如果祈使句为否定式，则在不定式前加not。

其句型为：ask / tell / order someone (not) to do something. 例如：
She said to us,“Please sit down.”
→She asked us to sit down.
He said to him,“Go away!”
→He ordered him to go away.
He said, “Don’t make so much noise, boys.”
→He told the boys not to make so much noise.
⼆. 各种时态的被动语态
被动语态概述
被动语态的概念：它是动词的⼀种形式，表⽰主语与谓语之间的执⾏或被执⾏关系。

主动语态表⽰主语是谓语动作的执⾏者，例如：They saw the little boy crying by the river. 被动语态表⽰主语是谓语动作的承受者，例如：The little boy was seen crying by the river.
被动语态的构成
被动语态的形式是由“助动词be+动词的过去分词”构成。

助动词be随着主语的⼈称、数、时态等的不同⽽变化。

⼏种常见时态的被动语态形式如下：
1. ⼀般现在时 am/is/are + 过去分词
例如：Rice is planted in the south of China.
2. ⼀般过去时 was/were + 过去分词
例如：These trees were planted the year before last.
3. ⼀般将来时 will/shall + be + 过去分词
例如：A sports meeting will be held next week in our school.
4. 现在进⾏时 am/is/are + being + 过去分词
例如：Your radio is being repaired now.
5. 过去进⾏时 was/were + being + 过去分词
When he got there, the problem was being discussed.
6. 现在完成时 have/has + been + 过去分词
His work has been finished.
Has his work been finished? Yes, it has. / No, it hasn’t.
7. 过去完成时 had + been + 过去分词
注意：
1.除了be之外的其它系动词如get, stay等也可以和过去分词构成被动语态。

例如：Their questions haven’t got answered.
2. 含有情态动词的谓语变成被动语态使⽤“情态动词+ be + 过去分词”结构。

例如：
More attention should be paid to the old in this country.
This work can’t be done until Mr. Black comes.
3. 含有“be going to”, “be to”等结构的谓语，其被动语态分别⽤“be going to + be + 过去分词”和“be to + be + 过去分词”。

例如：
The problem is going to be discussed at the next meeting.
All these books are to be taken to the library.
4. 被动语态与系表结构的区别：“连系动词+⽤作表语的过去分词”构成的系表结构，与被动语态的形式完全⼀样，所以应注意它们的区别。

被动语态中的过去分词是动词，多强调动作;系表结构中的过去分词相当于形容词，多强调状态。

前者通常可⽤by 引出动作的执⾏者，⽽后者则不可以。

例如：
The map was changed by someone.(被动结构)
That custom remained unchanged for many centuries.(系表结构)
系表结构中的过去分词通常可被very修饰，被动语态中的过去分词往往要⽤much修饰。

例如：
He was very excited.(系表结构)
He was much excited by her words.(被动结构)
5. 主动形式表被动意义。

有些动词的主动形式有被动意味，如 open, read, sell, shut, wash, wear, write 等。

此时句⼦的主语⼀般是物。

例如：
These books sell well. 这些书很畅销。

The door won’t shut. 这门关不上。

The clothes wash well. 这些⾐服很好洗。