race_matters2006 (1)
2006年 考研英语一 第三篇
2006年考研英语一第三篇In 2006, China witnessed a significant milestone in its academic landscape with the reformation of the National Entrance Examination for Postgraduate (NEEP), commonly known as the "gaokao." Among the sections of the exam, the English test, particularly the first paper, has always been a focal point for candidates. Let's delve into the third passage of the 2006 English exam, dissecting its content, structure, and implications.The third passage of the 2006 English exam revolves around the theme of cultural diversity and communication. It begins by highlighting the challenges posed by globalization and the necessity for effective cross-cultural communication in today's interconnected world. The passage emphasizes the importance of understanding cultural nuances and overcoming linguistic barriers to foster mutual understanding and cooperation among people from different cultural backgrounds.Moreover, the passage delves into the role of language as a bridge between cultures and emphasizes the need for language learners to go beyond mere linguistic proficiency to truly grasp the cultural context embedded within a language. It stresses the significance of cultural immersion and intercultural experiences in language learning, advocating for a holistic approach that integrates language acquisition with cultural understanding.Furthermore, the passage discusses the impact of cultural differences on communication styles and strategies. It highlights how cultural norms and values influence communication patterns, such as directness versus indirectness, and the importance of adapting one's communication style to effectively interact with individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds.Additionally, the passage explores the concept of cultural empathy and its role in facilitating intercultural communication. It emphasizes the importance of empathy in bridging cultural divides and fostering empathy-based communication that transcends cultural differences and promotes mutual respect and understanding.Furthermore, the passage touches upon the challenges of cultural stereotypes and prejudices in intercultural communication. It underscores the need to challenge stereotypes and foster a mindset of cultural sensitivity and openness to combat prejudice and discrimination in cross-cultural interactions.In conclusion, the third passage of the 2006 English exam offers valuable insights into the significance of cultural diversity and communication in today's globalized world. It underscores the importance of cultural understanding, empathy, and effective communication strategies in bridging cultural divides and fostering mutual respect and cooperation among people from diverse cultural backgrounds. As we navigate an increasingly interconnected world, the lessons gleaned from this passage remain as relevant and pertinent as ever, serving as a reminder of the transformative power of cross-cultural communication in building a more inclusive and harmonious global society.。
人教版高中英语必修第一册课后习题 Unit 5 Section Ⅲ
SectionⅢDiscoveringUsefulStructures课后·训练提升一、用适当的关系词填空1.This is the place we held a party last week.答案:where2.Do you remember the days we spent together on the farm?答案:that/which3.I don’t know the reason he didn’t turn to his good friend for help yesterday.答案:why4.Let’s get to the reason I’m making this video.答案:why5.This is the place we visited last year.答案:that/which6.Do you remember the days we chatted with each other all night?答案:when二、用适当的关系词补全短文Children are always happy on the day 1. summer vacation begins.They think about the plans 2. they have for the summer.Some children go to a-day camp 3. is near their home.At the end of the day,they can go home.Other kids choose to go to a camp in the country 4. they are taught by camp counselors(顾问).These counselors are often college students 5. are trying to earn a little emer vacation.Some kids go to professional camps.There they can improve a particular skill or learn a new hobby 6. they are interested in.This is the reason 7. specialised camps are popular with both parents and kids.There are some kids 8. parents take them on a trip in a car.They often visit state and national parks.答案:1.when 2.that/which 3.that/which 4.where 5.who/that6.which/that7.why8.whose三、阅读理解The number of speakers of English in Shakespeare’s times is estimated to have been about five million.Today it is estimated that some 260 million people speak it as a native language,mainly in the United States,Canada,Great Britain,Ireland,SouthAfrica,Australia and New Zealand.In addition to the standard varieties of English found in these areas,there are a great many regional and social varieties of the language as well as various levels of usage that are employed both in its spoken and written forms.In fact,it is impossible to estimate the number of people in the world who have acquired an adequate(足够的) working knowledge of English in addition to their own languages.The purposes of English learning and the situations in which such learning takes place are so varied that it is difficult to eore difficult to judge what forms an adequate working knowledge for each situation.The main reason for the widespread demand for English is its present-day importance as a world language.Besides serving the indefinite needs of its native speakers,English is a language in which some of important work in science,technology,and other fields is being produced,and not always by native speakers.It is widely used for such purposes as meteorological and airport communications,international conferences,and the spread of information over the radio and television networks of many nations.It is a language of wider communication for a number ofdeveloping countries,especially former British colonies.Many of these countries have multilingual populations and need a language for internal communication in such matters asgovernment,commerce,industry,law and education as well as for international communication and for entrance to the scientific and technological developments in the West.1.Which is the best title for this passage?A.The Difficulties of Learning EnglishB.International CommunicationsC.The Standard Varieties of EnglishD.English as a World Language答案:D解析:标题归纳题。
2006年考研英语真题及解析
Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America?Indeed.It is big enough to have a bit of everything.But particularly when viewed against America’s turbulent past,today’s social indices hardly suggesta dark and deteriorating social environment.21.The word“homogenizing”(Line2,Paragraph1)most probably means________.[A]identifying[B]associating[C]assimilating[D]monopolizing22.According to the author,the department stores of the19th century________.[A]played a role in the spread of popular culture[B]became intimate shops for common consumers[C]satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite[D]owed its emergence to the culture of consumption23.The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S.________.[A]are resistant to homogenization[B]exert a great influence on American culture[C]are hardly a threat to the common culture[D]constitute the majority of the population24.Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph5?[A]To prove their popularity around the world.[B]To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants.[C]To give examples of successful immigrants.[D]To show the powerful influence of American culture.25.In the author’s opinion,the absorption of immigrants into American society is_______.[A]rewarding[B]successful[C]fruitless[D]harmfulText2Stratford-on-Avon,as we all know,has only one industry—William Shakespeare—but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches.There is the Royal Shakespeare Company(RSC),which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon.And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come,not to see the plays,but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage, Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights.The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny totheir revenue.They frankly dislike the RSC’s actors,them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness.It’s all deliciously ironic when youconsider that Shakespeare,who earns their living,was himself an actor(with a beard)and did his share of noise-making.The tourist streams are not entirely separate.The sightseers who come by bus—and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side—don’t usually see the plays,and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford.However,the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing.It is the playgoers,the RSC contends,who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they spend the night(some of them four or five nights)pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants.The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.The townsfolk don’t see it this way and the local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company.Stratford cries poor traditionally.Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge.Hilton is building its own hotel there,which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars,the Lear Lounge,the Banquo Banqueting Room,and so forth,and will be very expensive.Anyway,the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy.(The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a st year its1,431seats were94per cent occupied all year long and this year they’ll do better.)The reason,of course,is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford’s most attractive clientele.They come entirely for the plays,not the sights.They all seem to look alike(though they come from all over)—lean,pointed,dedicated faces,wearing jeans and sandals,eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the20seats and80standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at10:30a.m.26.From the first two paragraphs,we learn that________.[A]the townsfolk deny the RSC’s contribution to the town’s revenue[B]the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage[C]the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms[D]the townsfolk earn little from tourism27.It can be inferred from Paragraph3that________.[A]the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately[B]the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers[C]the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers[D]the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater28.By saying“Stratford cries poor traditionally”(Line2,Paragraph4),the author implies that______.[A]Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects[B]Stratford has long been in financial difficulties[C]the town is not really short of money[D]the townsfolk used to be poorly paid29.According to the townsfolk,the RSC deserves no subsidy because________.[A]ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending[B]the company is financially ill-managed[C]the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable[D]the theatre attendance is on the rise30.From the text we can conclude that the author________.[A]is supportive of both sides[B]favors the townsfolk’s view[C]takes a detached attitude[D]is sympathetic to the RSCText3When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world,something strange happened to the large animals:they suddenly became extinct.Smaller species survived.The large,slow-growing animals were easy game,and were quickly hunted to extinction.Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.That the seas are being overfished has been known for years.Whatresearchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing.They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world.Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass(the amount of living biological matter)of fish species in particular parts of the ocean,but rather changes in that biomass over time.According to their latest paper published in Nature,the biomass of large predators(animals that kill and eat other animals)in a new fishery is reduced on average by80%within15years of the start of exploitation.In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.Dr.Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative.One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved.Today’s vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar,which were not available50years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught,so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes.In the early days,too,longlines would have been more saturated with fish.Some individuals would therefore not have been caught,since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them,leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past.Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing,a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked.That is no longer a problem,because there are fewer sharks around now.Dr.Myers and Dr.Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline,which future management efforts must take into account.They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists,that of the“shifting baseline”.The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past.That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about50%of its original levels.Most fisheries are well below that,which is a bad way to do business.31.The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that________.[A]large animals were vulnerable to the changing environment[B]small species survived as large animals disappeared[C]large sea animals may face the same threat today[D]slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones32.We can infer from Dr.Myers and Dr.Worm’s paper that________.[A]the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by90%[B]there are only half as many fisheries as there were15years ago[C]the catch sizes in new fisheries are only20%of the original amount[D]the number of large predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old33.By saying“these figures are conservative”(Line1,paragraph3),Dr.Worm means that________.[A]fishing technology has improved rapidly[B]then catch-sizes are actually smaller than recorded[C]the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss[D]the data collected so far are out of date34.Dr.Myers and other researchers hold that________.[A]people should look for a baseline that can work for a longer time[B]fisheries should keep their yields below50%of the biomass[C]the ocean biomass should be restored to its original level[D]people should adjust the fishing baseline to the changing situation35.The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries’________.[A]management efficiency[B]biomass level[C]catch-size limits[D]technological applicationText4Many things make people think artists are weird.But the weirdest may be this:artists’only job is to explore emotions,and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad.This wasn’t always so.The earliest forms of art,like painting and music,are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere from the19th century onward,more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless,phony or, worst of all,boring,as we went from Wordsworth’sdaffodils to Baudelaire’s flowers of evil.You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen so much misery. But it’s not as if earlier times didn’t know perpetual war,disaster and the massacre of innocents.The reason,in fact,may be just the opposite:there is too much damn happiness in the world today.After all,what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness? Advertising.The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media,and with it,a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology.[D]Mass media are inclined to cover disasters and deaths.Part BDirections:In the following article,some sentences have been removed.For Questions41-45,choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of numbered gaps.There are two extra choices,which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points)On the north bank of the Ohio river sits Evansville,Ind., home of David Williams,52,and of a riverboat casino(a place where gambling games are played).During several years of gambling in that casino,Williams,a state auditor earning$35,000a year,lost approximately $175,000.He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for$20worth of gambling.He visited the casino,lost the$20and left.On his second visit he lost$800.The casino issued to him,as a good customer,a“Fun Card”,which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks,and enables the casino to track the user’s gambling activities.For Williams,these activities become what he calls“electronic heroin”.(41)________.In1997he lost$21,000to one slot machine in two days.In March1997he lost$72,186.He sometimes played two slot machines at a time,all night,until the boat docked at5a.m.,then went back aboard when the casino opened at9a.m.Now he is suing the casino,charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted.It did know he had a problem.In March1998a friend of Williams’s got him involuntarily confined to a treatment center for addictions,and wrote to inform the casino of Williams’s gambling problem.The casino included a photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers,and wrote to him a“cease admissions”letter.Noting the“medical/psychological”nature of problem gambling behavior,the letter said that before being readmitted to the casino he would have to present medical/psychological information demonstrating that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well-being.(42)________.The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has24signs warning:“Enjoy the fun...and always bet with your head,not over it.”Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Mental Health.Nevertheless,Williams’s suit charges that the casino,knowing he was“helplessly addicted to gambling,”intentionally worked to“lure”him to“engage in conduct against his will.”Well.(43)________.The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says“pathological gambling”involves persistent,recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less of money than of the thrill of taking risks in quest ofa windfall.(44)________.Pushed by science,or what claims to be science,society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.(45)________.Forty-four states have lotteries,29have casinos,and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on—you might say addicted to—revenues from wagering.And since the first Internet gambling site was created in 1995,competition for gamblers’dollars has become intense.The Oct.28issue of Newsweek reported that2160-200words neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.(20points)2006年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）答案详解Section I Use of English一、文章结构分析本文介绍了美国无家可归者日益增多这个社会问题。
河北省张家口市桥西区2023-2024学年八年级下学期期末考试英语试题(含答案)
2023—2024学年度第二学期期末学情诊断测试八年级英语试卷考生注意：1．本试卷共6页，总分100分，考试时间为90分钟。
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听力部分（25%）Ⅰ．Listen and choose what you hear.（1*5=5）1．A．a planet B．a jacket C．a pocket2．A．win a match B．become a coach C．sort rubbish3．A．stand out B．stand for C．start out4．A．I will wake Jenny up when I get home.B．I will ring Jenny up when she gets home.C．Jenny will call me on the phone when she gets home.5．A．Mike’s poster drew our attention.B．We prepared a poster for Mike.C．Mike sold his poster to us.Ⅱ．Listen and choose the best response to each sentence.（1*5=5）6．A．That’s crazy.B．That’s awful.C．That’s for sure.7．A．Yes, I do.B．Sorry, I forgot.C．How useful it is!8．A．Sit down.B．Walk away.C．Shake hands with them. 9．A．Good for you.B．Good luck.C．No problem.10．A．What is the product for?B．How much does the product cost?C．How can you push the product?Ⅲ．Listen to the dialogues and choose the correct answer to each question.（1*5=5）11．What are they talking about?A．B．C．12．What does Jenny think is the best way to learn geography?A．Reading books.B．Searching the Internet.C．Travelling.13．What did Mary do last night?A．She collected old books and toys.B．She collected old clothes and toys.C．She collected old books and clothes.14．When will they have a school sale?A．Next week.B．Next weekend.C．Next month.15．What will Mary do with the money?A．She will buy a new schoolbag.B．She will give it to her school teams.C．She will give it to the poor children.Ⅳ．Listen to two passages and choose the correct answer to each question.（1*5=5）16．What’s the population of Egypt?A．109 million B．119 million C．190 million17．What place doesn’t Zhang Hua want to visit in the passage?A．The Pyramids.B．The Nile.C．The Sahara Desert.18．When do you have to wait in long lines in a car?A．When the traffic is heavy.B．When the weather is terrible.C．When the road is clear.19．Where can you park your bicycle in the speaker’s mind?A．Only near the office.B．Only near the house.C．Almost anywhere.20．What is the speaker?A．A driver.B．A bicycle seller.C．A teacher.Ⅴ．Fill in the blanks according to what you hear.（1*5=5）Information SheetDate21．July ______.Topic22．How to ______ the environment.Activities23．The head teacher will show a film about ______.24．The science teacher can teach how to ______ some things.25．Dr. Zhou will ______ why we need to reduce the waste.笔试部分（75%）Ⅵ．Choose the best answer.（1*5=5）26．Sam and I are very good friends. We ______ each other for eight years.A．knew B．known C．have known D．will know27．I got a few English dictionaries. That one on the desk is ______ useful, it is No. One in my heart.A．less B．much C．more D．the most 28．—The result of the exam ______ to you by e—mail the other day.—Oh, sorry. I didn’t check it in time.A．sent B．was sent C．will send D．will be sent 29．We find ______ helpful for students to do new eye exercises.A．it B．them C．one D．ones30．—Karl Mar x was a great thinker. Do you know ______?—In 1818．A．where he was from B．how old he wasC．how he learned foreign languages D．when he was bornⅦ．Close test.（1*15=15）Read the passage and choose the best answer to complete the passage.Once there was a teenage boy. Everyone in his village knew he was a fast runner. The only thing he cared about was 31 every race and becoming the fastest.One day, the boy took part in a running race and won it 32 any trouble. When he heard people clapping and shouting, he was 33 of himself. But his grandfather stepped in and asked him to 34 with two unexpected competitors, an old man and a blind girl. Although the boy thought it was 35 , he accepted.In the race, the boy reached the destination（终点）first, while the old man and the blind girl were 36 standing at the starting line. With pleasure, he 37 his hands at the crowd. But to his surprise, all of them kept 38 “Don’t they want to cheer for 39 like before?”, he asked his grandfather. “Start the race again with them. But this time, all of you should 40 the finishing line at the same time,” the grandfather replied. The boy didn’t know the reason 41 he agreed to do it again.During the second race, the boy took the 42 of the old man and the blind girl. He walked 43 with them to the finishing line. It took a long time but the crowd gave them a standing applause（喝彩）. The boy asked his grandfather,“ 44 are the people so excited?”, The grandfather smiled, “Because all of you 45 in the race.” Facing the race of life, what matters is not just winning, but how you run the race.31．A．dividing B．winning C．watching D．facing 32．A．without B．about C．into D．for33．A．bored B．proud C．afraid D．careful34．A．mix B．agree C．compete D．increase 35．A．cool B．fair C．strange D．thick36．A．ever B．still C．usually D．already 37．A．waved B．washed C．counted D．touched 38．A．brave B．honest C．quiet D．nervous39．A．me B．her C．him D．them40．A．cut B．draw C．watch D．cross41．A．so B．or C．and D．but42．A．legs B．faces C．hands D．mouths 43．A．nearly B．rudely C．noisily D．patiently 44．A．What B．Where C．Why D．When 45．A．offered B．afforded C．failed D．succeeded Ⅶ．Reading Comprehension.（2*10=20）Read the three passages and choose the best answer.ABeijing held the 2022 Winter Olympics in February. It made Beijing the first city to hold both the Summer and Winter Olympic Games. There are often seven winter sports in the Olympics and let’s learn some of them.Figure skating. It started in Britain in the 18th century. In a pair event, skaters show lots of amazing movements along with nice music. It looks as if they are dancing on ice. Its beauty makes lots of people fall in love with it and enjoy it most.Ice hockey. It is a flexible（灵活）and fast team sport. It draws many people at the Winter Olympics. The men’s ice hockey has been on the program since 1924 and the women’s started in 1998．Each match has three 20- minute parts with two 15- minute breaks.Snowboarding. In the sport of skiing, it started in America in the 1990s. The players have to show their skiing skills and race down the snow- covered hill as fast as possible.46．From the article, we know. ______ is the most enjoyable among the three winter sports.A．skiing B．ice hockey C．snowboarding D．figure skating 47．Which of the following is TRUE according to the article?A．The Winter Olympics often has six winter sports.B．The women’s ice hockey started in 1924．C．A player shows skiing skills in snowboarding.D．Figure skating started in America in the 18th century.BHave you bought any second-hand things? Have you sold anything of yours to others? Any stories behind it?After a whole week of rain, we finally had a comfortable, beautiful summer day out-side. My family and I were driving to a nearby town when we found a yard sale. We saw old toys and a couple of guitars. We saw huge piles of clothes and even a piece of furniture for sale. Best of all, we saw lots of smiling people talking, laughing, sitting and standing in the sunshine. Seeing all of this brought back memories of my childhood. Most of my clothes came from yard sales. My mom was a talented yard sale shopper. I used to hate going to them until I saw that they also sold old books there. After that, I always looked through the books until it was time to go. Sometimes my mom bought me one. Soon a large part of my home library came from yard sale books. To me, they were more priceless than new ones.Why do we have yard sales? We throw away our old things and we buy “new” old things. But it certainly isn’t for the money. It’s that yard sales bring us together. We talk and catch up with old friends and new neighbors. We connect with kindness and our love for all the old goods. I think yard sales teach us something about life, too. All we get is to have the goods for a period of time. Then it is time to let it go and pass it on.48．What’s the purpose of Paragraph 1?A．To ask some questions.B．To lead in the topic of the text.C．To tell the difference.D．To give some useful advice.49．How was the weather when they were driving to the town?A．Sunny.B．Snowy.C．Rainy.D．Windy.50．What is probably the main reason why people have yard sales?A．To make more money.B．To throw away old things.C．To find something valuable.D．To connect with others.CHave you ever wondered what the world looked like millions of years ago? Although it’s impossible to travel back in time, we can still get some clues（线索）from fossils.A research team led by Chinese scientists recently published their research of a large group of fossils. They found them in Zhangpu County in Fujian Province. They call the group the Zhangpu biota（生物群）. The biota includes around 25, 000 amber（琥珀）fos-sils and 5, 000 plant fossils. They are nearly 15 million years old.Scientists first found the Zhangpu biota in 2010．They kept doing research there for o-ver 10 years and made several big discoveries. According to the research, today’s Fujian Province was once a rainforest 15 million years ago. At that time, the average temperature was 22．5 degrees Celsius. There were all kinds of animals and plants in the forest, such as mosses, broadleaf trees and snails. Many of them can still be found today. It’s the richest rainforest biota discovered so far.The best finding of all is the rich samples of insects in amber. Millions of years ago, insects in the forest got stuck in tree sap（汁液）. The sap hardened and became amber fossils. Today, the insects inside look just like what they were when they first got stuck in the sap. In the Zhangpu biota, scientists have found more than 200 families of insects, including bees and ants. The amber fossils have kept the ancient insects quite well, making it a natural “museum”.51．What is Paragraph 2 about?A．Recent research on amber fossils.B．The development of a Chinese research team. C．The importance of the Zhangpu biota.D．The discovery of a large group of fossils. 52．What does the research show?A．There were 5, 000 kinds of plants in Zhangpu.B．The plants in the fossils once lived in the rainforest.C．Fujian Province was an ocean 15 million years ago.D．The plants and animals in the rainforest are no longer seen today.53．Which sentence correctly describes the insects in the fossils?A．They fed on tree sap.B．Most of them are bees and ants.C．They are still in good condition.D．It took them 200 years to become fossils. 54．What’s the Chinese meaning of the underlined phrase “got stuck” in the passage?A．害怕B．准备C．迷路D．困住55．This passage is written to ______.A．help readers learn about the Zhangpu biotaB．show how the environment has changedC．ask readers to save animals and plantsD．introduce a, natural history museum to readersⅨ．Reading expression.（阅读表达）（2*5=10）Read the passage and answer the following questions according to it.（阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题.）Long ago, people lived off wild animals, fruits and other plants and they didn’t need to use money. As time passed, people had more products than they needed, such as animals and crops, so they wanted to trade with others. They began to use money to make it convenient. However, it was not like the money we use today. They used shells, rice, salt or large stones.During the 600s BC, people began using coins as money. Because they were easier to carry than goods. And countries began to make coins as their money.The Chinese were the first to use paper money, as early as the 11th century. An Italian traveller, Marco Polo, saw the Chinese use paper money when he visited China in the 1200s. After his travel, he told the western people what he saw. But European countries started using paper money six centuries later than China.Today we have many ways to pay for things. We can use coins, paper money, cards and mobile phones. Some prefer to pay by mobile phone. That’s because paying with a mo-bile phone is easier and safer than carrying a lot of “real” money.56．Why did people want to trade products with others as time passed?___________________________________________________________________________________________ 57．What did people begin using as money during the 600s BC?___________________________________________________________________________________________ 58．What country was the first to use paper money?___________________________________________________________________________________________ 59．When did European countries start using paper money?___________________________________________________________________________________________ 60．Do you like paying by mobile phone? Why or why not?___________________________________________________________________________________________Ⅹ．Fill in the blanks with the right words.（1*10=10）I have a friend named Zhang Heng from Zhangjiakou, China. Zhang Heng is learning English as his 61．______（two）language abroad. Sometimes he doesn’t do well in 62．______（translate）Chinese into English. When he meets the problems in English study, he asks us for help 63．______（polite）. He often introduces his hometown 64．______ us in English. He tells us that in the past few years, great changes 65．______（take）place in Zhangjiakou. All the people and 66．______（factory）take action to make it a clean city. Zhangjiakou is much 67．______（beautiful）than ever. It has pleasant climate and fresh air, 68．______ lots of tourists come here every year. As 69．______ middle school student from Zhangjiakou, Zhang Heng wishes his hometown to get famous a-round the world, he also hopes to be the 70．______（proud）of the city.Ⅺ．Situational communication,（情景交际）（1*5=5）从下面方框中选择适当的选项补全对话，其中有两项是多余的.A: Are you reading the newspaper now?B: Yes, I am.A: Which part are you looking at?B: The news part.A: 71．________________________B: Yes. The slogan for the 2024 Paris Olympics has come out.A: 72．________________________B: Games Wide Open.A: What does it mean?B: IOC hopes that this slogan can become a power to open people’s hearts and minds.A: 73．________________________ Sports can really make people closer.B: I agree.A: 74．________________________B: Yes. I enjoy all ball games, and I also enjoy swimming and cycling. How about you?A: Well, I’m not good at sports.B: 75．________________________ Just move for fun and for health.A: You’re right. Let’s move!A．What a good idea!B．How do you like the games?C．Do you like doing sports?D．Is there any news about the 2024 Paris Olympics?E．It doesn’t matter.F．Do you know about any other dream teams?G．What is it?Ⅻ．Composition.（10%）76．习主席说过“地球是我们唯一可以称之为家园的地方”。
外研版高中英语选择性必修第一册课后习题 Unit 4 分层跟踪检测2 Using language
分层跟踪检测(二)UsinglanguageA级必备知识基础练Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.This bit of success,however,was the point at my problem began.2.On the way home,the girl looked her shoulder and found a figure following her.3.Hearing my words,David turned to me tremblingly with tears (spill) out of his eyes.4.He was determined (save) his dad’s life no matter how much he would spend.5. (fascinate) by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter,she is equally interested to learn more about Chinese philosophy.Ⅱ.选词填空1.The jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older,and the music has failed to younger generations.2.We must well-founded criticism with willingness to change.3. her own efforts,teamwork is also an essential part of her success.4.The good news is that it’s simple to learn and canthe effort.5.We collect as many school supplies as possible and we succeeded.6.I thought the doctors would hours of surgery.7.The woman at the man and he was still staring at her.8.We bought a sofa big enough a bed when necessary.Ⅲ.单句写作1.有导游带我们参观景点,我们玩得很开心。
2006英语一text2阅读理解
2006英语一text2阅读理解Apes and humans share both similar physical traits and behaviors. In fact, Humans and apes share more than 98 percent of the same DNA, making them the animals most closely related to humans. Due to their similarities, apes are often used as a research model for studying various aspects of human biology and behavior.One area in which apes have been extensively studied is social behavior. Like humans, apes live in complex social groups and engage in various social interactions. They form close bonds with family members and engage in cooperative behaviors, such as grooming each other. Apes also use facial expressions, gestures, and vocalizations to communicate with each other, just like humans do.Another area of research is cognitive abilities. Apes are known for their intelligence and problem-solving skills. They are capable of learning new tasks and using tools to accomplish goals. For example, some apes have been taught to use tools like sticks and rocks to obtain food or solve puzzles. They also exhibit self-awareness, as demonstrated by their ability to recognize themselves in a mirror.In addition, apes have similar emotional and psychological experiences as humans. They can experience happiness, sadness, fear, and anger, much like humans do. They also display empathy and can understand the emotions of others. For example, when a member of their group is injured or killed, apes show signs of distress and mourning.Studying apes can provide valuable insights into human biology and behavior. By comparing the similarities and differences between humans and apes, researchers can better understand the evolutionary origins of certain traits and behaviors. This knowledge can then be applied to various fields, such as medicine, psychology, and anthropology. Overall, the close relationship between humans and apes makes them an important research model for studying the complexities of human nature.。
2006考研英语真题英语一阅读部分
Text 1①In spite of“endless talk of difference,”American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. ②There is“the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of deference”characteristic of popular culture. ③People are absorbed into“a culture of consumption”launched by the 19th century department stores that offered“vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. ④Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite”these were stores“anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. ⑤This turned shopping into a public and democratic act.”⑥The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.①Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. ②Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today's immigration is neither at unprecedented levels nor resistant to assimilation. ③In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of the population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. ④In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000. ⑤Now, consider three indices of assimilation—language, home ownership and intermarriage.①The 1990 Census revealed that“a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English‘well’or‘very well’after ten years of residence.”②The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. ③“By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.”④Hence the description of America as a“graveyard”for languages. ⑤By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rate of75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans.①Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics“have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S.-born whites and blacks.”②By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians.①Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like ArnoldSchwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet“some Americans fear that immigrant living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation's assimilative power.”①Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America? ②Indeed. ③It is big enough to have a bit of everything. ④But particularly when viewed against America's turbulent past, today's social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.21.The word“homogenizing”(Line 1, Paragraph 1) most probably means________.[A] identifying[B] associating[C] assimilating[D] monopolizing22.According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century_________.[A] played a role in the spread of popular culture[B] became intimate shops for common consumers[C] satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite[D] owed its emergence to the culture of consumption23.The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S._________.[A] are resistant to homogenization[B] exert a great influence on American culture[C] are hardly a threat to the common culture[D] constitute the majority of the population24.Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5?[A] To prove their popularity around the world.[B] To reveal the public's fear of immigrants.[C] To give examples of successful immigrants.[D] To show the powerful influence of American culture.25.In the author's opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American society is_________.[A] rewarding[B] successful[C] fruitless[D] harmfulText 2①Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry—William Shakespeare—but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. ②There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. ③And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway's Cottage, Shakespeare's birthplace and the other sights.①The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. ②They frankly dislike the RSC's actors, them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. ③It's all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making.①The tourist streams are not entirely separate. ②The sightseers who come by bus—and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side—don't usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. ③However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing. ④It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town's revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. ⑤The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.①The townsfolk don't see it this way and the local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. ②Stratford cries poor traditionally. ③Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. ④Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive.①Anyway, the townsfolk can't understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy.②(The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year they'll do better.) ③The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.①It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford's most attractive clientele. ②They come entirely for the plays, not the sights. ③They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over)—lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m.26.From the first two paragraphs, we learn that__________.[A] the townsfolk deny the RSC's contribution to the town's revenue[B] the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage[C] the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms[D] the townsfolk earn little from tourism27.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that__________.[A] the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately[B] the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers[C] the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers[D] the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater28.By saying“Stratford cries poor traditionally”(Line 2, Paragraph 4), the author implies that__________.[A] Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects[B] Stratford has long been in financial difficulties[C] the town is not really short of money[D] the townsfolk used to be poorly paid29.According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because__________.[A] ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending[B] the company is financially ill-managed[C] the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable[D] the theatre attendance is on the rise30.From the text we can conclude that the author__________.[A] is supportive of both sides[B] favors the townsfolk's view[C] takes a detached attitude[D] is sympathetic to the RSCText 3①When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals: they suddenly became extinct. ②Smaller species survived. ③The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. ④Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.①That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. ②What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. ③They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. ④Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. ⑤According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within15 years of the start of exploitation. ⑥In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.①Dr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative. ②One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. ③Today's vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. ④That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes.⑤In the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish. ⑥Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. ⑦Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. ⑧That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now.①Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account. ②They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the“shifting baseline”. ③The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. ④Thatmatters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. ⑤Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business.31.The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that ____________.[A] large animal were vulnerable to the changing environment[B] small species survived as large animals disappeared[C] large sea animals may face the same threat today[D] slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones32.We can infer from Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm's paper that ____________.[A] the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%[B] there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago[C] the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original amount[D] the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old33.By saying“these figures are conservative”(Line 1, Paragraph 3), Dr. Worm means that __________.[A] fishing technology has improved rapidly[B] the catch sizes are actually smaller than recorded[C] the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss[D] the data collected so far are out of date34.Dr. Myers and other researchers hold that __________.[A] people should look for a baseline that can work for a longer time[B] fisheries should keep the yield below 50% of the biomass[C] the ocean biomass should be restored its original level[D] people should adjust the fishing baseline to the changing situation35.The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries' ___________.[A] management efficiency[B] biomass level[C] catch-size limits[D] technological applicationText 4①Many things make people think artists are weird. ②But the weirdest may be this: artists' only job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad.①This wasn't always so. ②The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited for expressing joy. ③But somewhere from the 19th century onward, more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless, phony or, worst of all, boring, as we went from Wordsworth's daffodils to Baudelaire's flowers of evil.①You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen so much misery. ②But it's not as if earlier times didn't know perpetual war, disaster and the massacre of innocents. ③The reason, in fact, may be just the opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the world today.①After all, what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness? ②Advertising. ③The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology.①People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. ②They worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young. ③In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in danger and that they would someday be meat for worms. ④Given all this, they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too.①Today the messages the average Westerner is surrounded with are not religious but commercial, and forever happy. ②Fast-food eaters, news anchors, text messengers, all smiling, smiling, smiling. ③Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes. ④And since these messages have an agenda—to lure us to open our wallets—they make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable.⑤“Celebrate!”commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex, before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attacks.①But what we forget—what our economy depends on us forgetting—is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. ②The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. ③Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need art to tell us as religion once did, Memento mori: remember that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. ④It's a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air.36.By citing the examples of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire, the author intends to show that_________.[A] poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or music[B] art grows out of both positive and negative feelings[C] poets today are less skeptical of happiness[D] artists have changed their focus of interest37.The word“bummer”(Line 4, Paragraph 5) most probably means something_________.[A] religious[B] unpleasant[C] entertaining[D] commercial38.In the author's opinion, advertising_________.[A] emerges in the wake of the anti-happy art[B] is a cause of disappointment for the general public[C] replaces the church as a major source of information[D] creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself39.We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes_________.[A] happiness more often than not ends in sadness[B] the anti-happy art is distasteful but refreshing[C] misery should be enjoyed rather than denied[D] the anti-happy art flourishes when economy booms40.Which of the following is true of the text?[A] Religion once functioned as a reminder of misery.[B] Art provides a balance between expectation and reality.[C] People feel disappointed at the realities of modern society.[D] Mass media are inclined to cover disasters and deaths.。
Edexcel Physics Unit 4 6PH04 January 2010 QP
Turn over*n36113A0128*Instructions•Use black ink or ball-point pen.•Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,centre number and candidate number.•Answer all questions.•Answer the questions in the spaces provided– there may be more space than you need.Information•The total mark for this paper is 80.•The marks for each question are shown in brackets– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.•Questions labelled with an asterisk (*) are ones where the quality of yourwritten communication will be assessed– you should take particular care with your spelling, punctuation and grammar,as well as the clarity of expression, on these questions.•T he list of data, formulae and relationships is printed at the end of this booklet.•C andidates may use a scientific calculator.Advice•Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.•Keep an eye on the time.•Try to answer every question.•Check your answers if you have time at the end.N36113A©2010 Edexcel Limited.1/1/1/1/1/2*N36113A0228*3*N36113A0328*Turn over4*N36113A0428*5*N36113A0528*Turn over6*N36113A0628*7*N36113A0728*Turn over8*N36113A0828*9*N36113A0928*Turn over10*N36113A01028*11*N36113A01128*Turn over12*N36113A01228*13*N36113A01328*Turn over14*N36113A01428*15*N36113A01528*Turn over16*N36113A01628*17*N36113A01728*Turn over18*N36113A01828*19*N36113A01928*Turn over20*N36113A02028*The particle was deflected by a magnetic field of magnetic flux density 1.5 T. The field is perpendicular to the plane of the photograph.(a) (i) Estimate the actual radius of the track above the lead plate.The lead plate is 6 mm thick.21*N36113A02128*Turn over22*N36113A02228*23*N36113A02328*Turn over24*N36113A02428*25*N36113A02528*26*N36113A02628*27*N36113A02728*28*N36113A02828*。
新自由主义态势下的阶级与种族
新自由主义态势下的阶级与种族3〔美〕埃德纳・博纳希齐 李中泽译关键词|新自由主义 全球化 阶级 种族 劳工运动中图分类号|D4译者信息|女,1956年生,北京第二外国语学院英语系教授,100024。
3本文摘自美《现代社会学》(Contemporary Sociology )2008年第37卷第1期。
新自由主义全球化始于20世纪70年代,主张削弱政府对于经济的控制,使得“自由的市场”可以毫无阻碍地运转。
其中两个根本性内容是:取消官样规定(消除或者弱化政府对于公司运作的控制)和私有化(将政府功能纳入私人机构)。
伴随着这些转变,特别是在欧洲,出现了一种有时被推崇为灵活性生产的现象;严格说来,它应该被称为无保障性生产。
许多公司签订超出自身生产范围的合同,按其特定需求雇佣承包人和工人,结果造成大型、集约式工厂的数量下降———这些工厂原本提供稳定、具有保障性、工资待遇较好的工作职位———和各类非标准化工作环境的产生。
由于许多人受雇于合同制工作,或者成为独立的承包人,因此工作、保健和退休问题变得更加没有保障。
与此同时,越来越多的公司正在将其生产(甚至包括服务)移至海外,以寻求更加廉价的劳动力。
在美国,这样的做法已经导致了工业生产力的削减及某些主要制造业受挫,例如曾经扼制着国家经济命脉的钢铁和汽车制造业。
即便像纺织业和服装业这样的低薪行业,也出现了不少移师海外的现象。
相比之下,服务行业的重要性有增无减,而其中的许多工人收入低、就业稳定性差。
全球化还导致了人口统计方面的变化。
由于全球资本已经渗透到更为贫穷的国家,这些国家的经济(有时还有它们的政治制度)都被搅乱,使得数百万人离开故土,失去工作,从而造成了新的移民潮和难民潮。
在美国,已经出现了墨西哥和中美洲移民人数上升的趋势,他们中的很多人没有合法证件。
这些变化又如何影响着美国的工会组织呢?景象并不美好。
近年来,美国工会数字持续下滑,会员人数减少,会员人数在整个劳动力中的比例变小。
trival单词
trival单词单词：trivial单词释义：- 形容词，意为“不重要的；琐碎的；微不足道的”。
例如，一些琐事（trivial matters）往往不会对大局产生重大影响。
单词用法：- 可用于描述事情、问题、细节等。
例如：He alwaysplains about trivial things.（他总是抱怨琐碎的事情。
）常放在名词前作定语，也可用于“it is + trivial + to do sth.”的结构中，如It is trivial to argue about such a small amount of money.（为这么一点钱争论是微不足道的。
）近义词：- unimportant（不重要的）、petty（琐碎的）、minor（较小的）短语搭配：- trivial matter（琐事）、trivial problem（小问题）、trivial pursuit（一种问答游戏，字面意为“琐碎的追求”）双语例句：1. I don't want to waste my time on these trivial tasks. They're like grains of sand that don't really matter in the big picture.（我不想把时间浪费在这些琐碎的任务上。
它们就像沙粒，在大局中并不重要。
）2. She thought his concern about the color of the curtains waspletely trivial. "Come on," she said, "it's just a curtain, not a matter of life and death!"（她认为他对窗帘颜色的担忧完全是微不足道的。
“拜托，”她说，“这只是个窗帘，又不是生死攸关的事！”）3. My friend always gets worked up over trivial issues. It's likehe's looking for trouble where there's really none.（我的朋友总是为琐碎的问题激动不已。
2006年考研英语一真题答案解析
1．[A]Indeed
[B]Likewise
[C]Therefore
[D]Furthermore
2．[A]stand
[B]cope
[C]approve
[D]retain
1. 逻辑关系题 本题目选择逻辑关系词，前后两句的逻辑关系决定答案。句子叙述到 The
homeless make up a growing percentage of America’s population. ____, homelessness has reached
段首句其他段落的首句共同表达文章中心思想。因此，在选择具体题目答案前，把握文章中 心对于理解文章语句，把握逻辑关系，确定语意衔接提供了足够的信息依据。 文章首段主题句叙述到 The homeless make up a growing percentage of America’s population.无 家可归者在美国人口中占越来越大的比例。 本文的中心思想为 美国无家可归者的问题。 本文的中心思想为 美国无家可归者的问题。 本文的中心思想为 美国无家可归者的问题。
__11__when homeless individuals manage to find a __12__ that will give them three meals a day
and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day__13__ the street. Part
3 independence, the federal government must support job training programs, 4 the
全国大学生英语竞赛试题及答案
2003年全国大学生英语竞赛初赛试题2003 National English Contest for College Students（Preliminary）Part I Listening Comprehension（30 minutes，30 points）Section A Dialogues（10 points）Directions：In this section ，you will hear 10 short dialogues．At the end of each dialogue，a question will be asked about what was said．Both the dialogue and the question will be read only once．After each question there will be a pause．during the pause，you must read the four choices marked A，B，C and D，and decide which is the best answer．Then m ark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center．1．A．A sales clerk．B．A police officer．C．A tailor．D．A nurse．2．A．By train．B．She walks．C．By car．D．By bus．3．A．Fish is the only dish left．B．Chicken is the only dish left．C．Vegetarian meals are not offered．D．There aren't any vegetarian meals left．4．A．He starts work next weekend．B．He'll be away．C．He'll be in the mountains．D．He's moving to Florida．5．A．In an elevator．B．At a dress store．C．On the seventh floor．D．At a department store．6．A．They felt it was disorganized．B．They were pleased with its Asian content．C．They felt it lacked Asian content．D．They felt it ignored recent events．7．A．He doesn't have enough time．B．He doesn't have a watch．C．The library doesn't have the articles he wants．D．He can't find the library．8．A．He wants the woman to dine out with them．B．He wants to work tomorrow．C．He wants the woman to finish dinner first．D．He wants to pay for the dinner．9．A．Twice a day．B．Twice a week．C．Once a week．D．Daily．10．A．At two o'clock．B．At four o'clock．C．At three thirty．D．At eight o'clock．Section B News Items（10 points）Directions：In this section，you will hear 10 pieces of short news from BBC or VOA．There will be a question following each piece of news．Write down the answer to each question in no more than 15 words．11．_______________________________________12．_______________________________________13．_______________________________________14．_______________________________________15．_______________________________________16．_______________________________________17．_______________________________________18．_______________________________________19．_______________________________________20．_______________________________________Section C Compound Dictation（10 points）Directions：In this section，you will hear a passage three times．When the passage is read for the first time，you should listen carefully for its general idea．Then listen to the passage again．When the passage is read for the second time，you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 21 to 28 with the exact words you have just heard．For blanks numbered from 29 to 30，you are required to fill in the missing information．You can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words．Finally，when the passage is read for the third time，you should check what you have written and rewrite the correct answers on the Answer Sheet．Although general Motors and General Electric are large multinational companies with operations around the globe，there are numerous smaller companies that engage in international trade．Because 95percent of the world's population and two-thirds of its (21)_____ power are located outside the United States，it is important for American (22)_____to be present in foreign markets．However，before we explain the different methods by which a company may (23)_____in international trade，we might first consider some important (24)_____that U.S．companies often fail to study before they sell products in a foreign country．These factors are (25)_____with differences in language，in values and attitudes，and in political (26)_____．When (27)_____Coca-Cola into the Chinese market in 1920，the company used a group of Chinese symbols that，when spoken，sounded like Coca-Cola．However，when read，these symbols meant，“a female horse fattened with wax”．Upon reentering the Chinese market in the 1970s，Coca-Cola used a series of Chinese (28)_____that translates into“happiness in the mouth”．(29)_________________________．Culture is the total pattern of human behavior that is practiced by a particular group of people．(30)_________________________．Part II Vocabulary and Structure（15 minutes，30 points）Section A Multiple Choice（20 points）Directions：Questions 31-50 constitute a complete passage．There are 20blanks in the passage．For each blank there are four choices marked A，B，C and D．Choose the one that best completes the sentence．Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre．31．Senior Metropolitan police officers tried to dismiss the Noting Hill race riots which raged for five nights over the August bank holiday in 1958 as the work of“ruffians，both colored and white”hell-bent on hooliganism ，according to __B___ official files．A．recent revealed B．newly releasedC．previous disclosing D．earlier exposing32．But police eyewitness reports in the secret papers_D___ that they were overwhelmingly the work of a white working class mob out to get the“niggers”．A．contain B．convinceC．consist D．confirm33．The ferocity of the Noting Hill“racial riots”，as the press called them at the time，shocked Britain into_A_C___ for the first time that it was not above the kind of racial conflict then being played out in the American deep south．A．realizing B．witnessingC．watching D．identifying34．The carnival，which will__C___ the streets of west London _____more than 1.5 million people this weekend，was started in 1959 as a direct response to the riots．A．crowd；of B．pour；forC．fill；with D．emerge；in35．While senior officers tried to play down the racial aspects of the riots，the internal Metropolitan police files released this month at the public record office confirm that the disturbances were overwhelmingly _C__A__ by 300 to 400 strong“Keep Britain White”mobs ，many of them Teddy boys armed with iron bars ，butcher's knives and weighted leather belts，who went“nigger-hunting”among the West Indian residents of Noting Hill and Noting Dale．A．erupted B．commencedC．triggered D．inaugurated36．The first night left five black men _A__D__ on the pavements of Noting Hill．A．lying unconscious B．there diedC．feel faint D．serious hurt37．The battles raged over the bank holiday weekend as the black _D____responded in kind with counterattacks by large groups of“men of color”similarly armed．A．column B．armyC．brigade D．community38．Thomas Williams was stopped by the police as he came out of Bluey's Club on Talbot Road，Noting Hill．He __B___a piece of iron down his left trouser leg，a petrol bomb in his right pocket and a razor blade in his inside breast pocket：“I have to protect myself，”he told the arresting officer．A．found to have B．was found to haveC．found having D．was found having39．The _A_B___ files，which were sealed under the 75-year rule but have been released early，show that senior officers tried to convince the then home secretary，“Rab”Butler，that there was not a racial element to the rioting．A．forbidden B．confidentialC．incredible D．strict40．In his official report，Detective Sergeant M.Walters of the Notting Hill police said the national press had been wrong to portray the“widespread series of street disturbances”as“racial”riots：“Whereas there certainly was some __A___ feeling between white and colored residents in this area，it is abundantly clear much of the trouble was caused by ruffians，both colored and white，who seized on this opportunity to indulge in hooliganism．”A．ill B．sickC．painful D．hurt41．But the police witness statements and private statistics __B_D__ ．A．told differently B．interpreted in a different wayC．existed m any differences D．told a different story42．The Met commissioner was told that _C_D___ the 108people who were charged with offences ranging from grievous bodily harm to affray and riot and possessing offensive weapons，72 were white and 36 were “colored”．A．for B．fromC．of D．in43．It is popularly believed that the riot began on the night of Saturday，August 20，when a 400-strong crowd of white men，_B D____“Teds”，attacked houses occupied by West Indians．A．they are all B．many of themC．some were D．most of them belong to44．Among the __C__ was Majbritt Morrison ，a young white Swedish bride of a Jamaican．A．offenders B．riotersC．victims D．residents45．She was pelted with stones，glass and wood，and _B_D___ in the back with an iron bar as she tried to get home．A．bruised B．struckC．patted D．scratched46．The internal police witness statements provide graphic evidence of the motives of the mobs—at one point crowds several thousand strong roamed the streets of Notting Hill，_B____ homes and attacking any West Indian they could find．A．plunging into B．breaking intoC．seeking for D．searching for47．PC Richard Bedford said he had seen a mob of 300 to 400 white people in Bramley Road _C__A__：“We will kill all black bastards．Why don't you send them home？”A．shouting B．to cryC．utter D．announced48．PC Ian McQueen on the same night said he was told：“Mind your own __D___，cops．Keep out of it．We will settle these niggers our way．We'll murder the bastards．”A．matters B．affairC．things D．business49．The disturbances continued night after night until they finally petered out on September 5．At the Old Bailey Judge Salmon later handed down exemplary __D___ of four years each on nine white youths who had gone“nigger hunting”．A．decisions B．statementsC．trials D．sentences50．While those dealt with by the courts were overwhelmingly white ，the large number of black people also arrested and the official _C____ there had not been a racial motive ensured a legacy of black mistrust of the Metropolitan police that has never really been eradicated．A．persistence B．perseveranceC．insistence D．instanceSection B Error Correction（10points）Directions：The following passage contains 9 errors．In each case only one word is involved．You should proofread the passage on the Answer Sheet and correct it in the following way：EXAMPLEOne night，quite late，I was still awake in the room I am shared with 1. ammy husband．I was lying on my right side and can hear a child crying． 2. couldGetting up，I went ∧see if our son was all right． 3. toHe was sleeping soundly，breathing deeply and gently． 4. √The ZipperWhatever did we do before the invention of the zipper？In 1893 the world's first zipper was produced in Chicago．Although the inventor claimed that it was a reliable fasteningfor clothing，this was not the case．The Chicago zipper sprang 51．______open without warning，or jammed shut，and it swiftly lostpopularity．Twenty years ago a Swedish-born engineer called 52．______Sundback solved the problem．He attached tiny cups to thebacks of the interlocked teeth，and this meant that the teeth 53．______could be enmeshed more firmly and reliably．At first zippers were made of metal．They were heavy，andif they got stuck it was difficult to free．Then came nylon 54．______zippers which were lighter and easier to use，and had smallerteeth．The fashion industry liked the new zippers far betterbecause they didn’t distort the line of the garment or weighing 55．______down light fabrics．They were also easier for the machiniststo fit into the garment．Meanwhile a new fastening agent made its appearance atthe end of the twenty century: velcro. Velcro is another product 56．______made from nylon．Nylon is a very tough synthetic fibre firstdeveloped in the 1930s，and bearing a name to mind the wearer 57．______of the two places where it was developed：NY for New York andLON for London．Velcro is made with very small nylon hooks onone side of the fastening which caught tiny looped whiskers on the 58．______other side of the fastening．It is strong and durable．Velcro is used on clothing，luggages and footwear．It is quick 59．______and easy to fasten and unfasten，and has taken a large part ofthe zipper's share of the market．It is also used in ways a zippercannot be used—for instance as an easily changed fastening onplaster casts，and to hold furnishing fabrics in a position．60．______Part III Situational Dialogues（5 minutes，10 points）Directions：Complete the following dialogues by choosing the best answer．Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre．61．Rob：Hey Jill，you're looking great．Jill：Thanks，Rob．____________Rob：Well，you did it．How？Jill：I jog every morning，and I go to aerobics every other day．A．I bought this dress yesterday．Really smart．B．You are looking fine too．C．I'm recovering my strength after the flu．D．My New Year's resolution was to get in shape．62．Bob：Hi Jane．How are you？Jane：____________I didn't sleep a wink last night．The people next door were making a lot of noise again till very late at night．A．I'm feeling a bit out of sorts this morning．B．Fine，thank you．And you？C．I slept like a log and didn't want to get out of bed．D．It seems a bit unusual，you know．63．Ann ：Aah！He's gorgeous！Look at those big，golden paws．When did you get him？Roger：Yesterday．____________Ann ：Oh，right．What kind is she？Roger：A Labrador．A．Susan's got a more beautiful one．B．What's up？C．It's a she actually．D．Isn't it right？64．Tina：Wow，look at all the things on sale．____________Andrew：Yes，look，this shirt is 50 ％off．Tina：And look at these shoes．They are 30 ％off the normal price．A．I'd like to buy a skirt．B．There are some real bargains．C．Are the prices reasonable？D．These shoes are the same as mine．65．Woman：Have you finished the packaging？Man ：____________Woman：Good．Because the truck will be coming soon，this is a rush job．A．Don't hurry m or I'll break the glass．B．Almost．I just have to wrap the glass and put it into boxes．C．No，I haven't．Why didn't you help me with it？D．Yes，I have．What else can I do for you？66．Customs Officer ：________________________Mrs．John son ：No，nothing at all．Customs Officer ：No perfume，alcohol or cigarettes？Mrs．John son ：Well，I have 200 cigarettes；that's all．A．Do you have anything in the bag，ma'am？B．Do you have anything to declare，ma'am？C．Do you want to buy something，ma'am？D．Is there anything I can do for you，ma'am？67．Linda：Hello．I'd like to send this package，please．Clerk：____________________________________Linda：First class．How long will that take？Clerk：About three days．A．How would you like to send it？B．Which class are you in？C．Where do you want to send it to？D．Which class is it in？68．Assistant：Can I help you？Colin ：Yes，it's about this sports shirt．I washed it the other day．The colour ran and it shrank．Assistant：Oh dear，I see．________________________Colin ：I'm afraid not．Assistant：I'm sorry，but I'm not allowed to change anything without a receipt．A．Did you buy it here？B．Would you want to change it？C．Do you have the receipt？D．Could you tell me who sold it to you？69．James：Could I have my bill，please？Can I pay by credit card or eurocheque？Receptionist：____________James：I'll pay by credit card，then．Receptionist：That's fine．I hope you enjoyed your stay here．A．Here's your bill．B．Sorry，we don't take credit card．C．You can pay by eurocheque．D．Yes，we take both．70．Husband：When is our anniversary？Wife：________________________Husband：No，it's just that I bought these flowers for you and I was hoping today was the day．A．Hmm ．．．I can't remember either．Why？B．Hey，are these flowers for me？C．Who cares？Do you want to give me a surprise？D．Are you joking？Have you really forgotten again？Part IV Reading Comprehension（25 minutes，40 points）Section A Multiple Choice（10 points）Directions：There is one reading passage in this part．The passage is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements．For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C and D．You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre．Questions 71 to 75 are based on the following passage：Taking a peep at what's going on in your headCARL Filer，18，a star salesman at a B＆Q hardware store in the UK，was called up for promotion within one week of starting work．But，instead of being made supervisor，he was sacked—after his employers saw the results of his psychometric test．You might think that anyone who answers that he“strongly disagrees he is an over-achiever is asking for trouble，but Mr Filer already thought he had proved himself more than capable．This year，nearly half of UK firms—46 percent—will use psychometric tests to select trainees，compared with just 17 percent in 2000，according to a report for GTI，a publisher of graduate career guides．These tests，which rate candidates’ability and gauge their personality，have been used in the UK since the 1980s．But assorted studies have shown most people—graduates in particular—are wholly cynicalabout the idea of their personality being“measured．“People tend to see them as either too silly or too clever，says Clive Fletcher，professor of occupational psychology at University of London．“But all the evidence indicates the tests do have some value．The first personality test as we know it，was developed by the American army in 1917 to filter out weak recruits．But it was not until the 1980s that the tests became popular in Britain．With a rising number of graduates going for a decreasing number of jobs，organizations began to see psychometric testing as a cheap，reliable alternative to the expensive，time-consuming interview．But today the tests are becoming alarmingly sophisticated and are edging towards probing the“dark side：pathology and personality disorders．Increasingly，tests are being used to try to detect promising young graduates who may，later in life，fly off the rails（go crazy）；or to stop psychopaths（having mental disorder）getting recruited．In the future，interviewees could even be given a mouth swab to reveal the genetic and biological markers of personality．“We are heading for the era of genetic screening，”warns Carolyn Jones，of the Institute for Employment Rights．“I think these tests are very flawed．And there are other problems with the tests．For starters，it is possible to fake it—even the test producers agree on this．But they have made it as hard as possible．For example，look at whether you agree or disagree with the following two statements：“New ideas come easily to me and“I find generating new concepts difficult．How long did it take you to realize they both could mean the same thing？The main argument，however，is that the tests are invalid and cannot quantify（put a numerical value on）something as changeable as personality．The golden rule is then，that a psychometric test should never be used as the sole basis of selection，but should always be followed by interviews．71．Most people's attitude towards the psychometric test is ______．A．contemptuous B．favorable C．tolerant D．confounded72．Which of the following is one of the reasons why psychometric testing wins an advantage over interviews？A．It doesn't cost any money．B．It requires no equipment．C．It is time-saving．D．It can be done within seconds．73．Which of the following statements is the author's idea？A．Psychometric tests are defective．B．Psychometric tests should not be the only way to recruit promising young graduates．C．Psychometric tests are invalid and cannot quantify something changeable as personality．D．Psychometric tests are golden rules．74．The test producers make the tests very complicated to ______．A．avoid cheating B．improve genetic screeningC．find out the best ideas D．generate new concepts75．Which of the following is not true according to the passage？A．The American army developed the first personality test to screen out weak recruits．B．In the future，interviewers could give a mouth swab to reveal interviewees’symptoms．C．There are possibilities for starters to cheat in the psychometric tests．D．Interviews still play an important role in evaluating interviewees．Section B Short Answer Questions（30 points）Directions：In this part there are 3 passages with 15 questions or incomplete statements．Read the passages carefully．Then answer the questions in the fewest possible words（not exceeding 10 words）．Remember to rewrite the answers on the Answer Sheet．Questions 76 to 80 are based on the following passage：The 8 Steps of Social Invention1．Get ready to play．Like other types of creativity，social inventiveness flourishes when you begin thinking outside conventional boundaries．Charlie Girsch，a St．Paul，Minnesota-based creativity consultant，suggests that you start by playing with obviously absurd explanations for everyday events．“If traffic is slow，you'll be tem pted to say，‘Hmm．Must be an accident up ahead．’Instead，try saying，‘Must be a family of turtles crossing the highway’or‘I expect there's some kind of alien abduction going on．’You'll be amazed how soon you will be looking at familiar problems in new ways．”Girsch's book，Fanning the Creative Spirit（Creativity Central，1999）has scores of other exercises for limbering up the inventive part of your brain．2．Generate a zillion far-fetched ideas．Concerned about the homeless in your neighborhood？Imagine a Homeless Parliament，a Homeless Circus，homeless families forming an orchestra，a homeless museum ．．．and on and on．Generate like mad with no regard for feasibility in order，as social invention pioneer Nicholas Albery advises，to “overcome e worthy-but-dull ideas．”Eventually the two or three best ideas will begin to stand out．3．Take your wildest idea and bring it down to earth．How about that Homeless Circus？Could it turn into a forum for homeless people to display their creative talents？A performance series about homelessness？A neighborhood carnival with the homeless as guests of honor？Your flakiest idea may have a germ of brilliance that actually makes it more attractive，and thus more feasible（and fundable），than its worthy-but-dull cousins．4．Look for in venations that solve more than one problem．The Slow Food Movement，born in Italy，boosts local farmers and regional cuisine traditions and restaurateurs and the same time that it“feeds”our hunger for authentic tastes，healthy eating，and a more leisurely，saner style of life．5．Accentuate the positive．“A very common question that I get when I work with people in communities is‘Why doesn't anybody care about our problems？’”notes M chael Patterson，a social inventor and activist in Massachusetts．“What a worthless question．‘Why’？questions are for philosophers．Ask‘How’？and‘What’？questions—they are a lot more practical．”For instance，Patterson asks，“What would you do if you knew you couldn't fail？”6．Give it a rest．Walk away from your favorite idea for a while，forget about it，let it sleep．With your conscious mind out of the way，your subconscious gets to fiddle with the concept for a while，and you just might have an unexpected insight or breakthrough．7．Practice“yes and”in stead of“yes but”．No matter how tempted you are to say“Yes，but this will be hard because，”or“Yes，but a million other people are doing this，”shift the conjunction to“and”and see what sort of positive refinement or change emerges．“Yes，and we could concentrate on immigrants．”“Yes，and we can make it open to all ages．”8．Get your idea into the world．This is the tough part．You might seek out the help of activists who will take a shine to your ideas．Orbecome an organizer yourself．Paul Glove，a New York social inventor，coun-sels：“If you have an idea you believe in，write a pamphlet with your phone number on it and post it in Laundromats and bookstores．If three people call you，have lunch with them and call yourselves an organization．If five people call，meet with them and issue a press release．”Presto，you're launched．76．To generate far-fetched ideas helps to ______．77．Michael Patterson wants us to come up with“How”？and“What”？instead of“Why”？questions because he considers they are more practical than ______．78．The purpose to practice“yes and”instead of“yes but”is to make yourself more ______．79．According to the article，when one has difficulty developing his favorite idea，he should ______．80．One should not only generate far-fetched ideas but also ______ because the latter step is the nearest to reality．Questions 81 to 85 are based on the following passage：Thin Slice of TV Has Big MarketIt is too early to write an obituary for bulky picture tubes，which will remain the most affordable TV sets for years to come．But，analysts and industry executives insist that thin screens already have started to become the dominant format for TV sets in the digital era．Sharp price cuts have brought plasma sets and other thin，flat televisions out of high-end electronic boutiques and into thousands of mass-market outlets such as Cosco，a wholesale buying club in the US，best known for offering members bulk items and big discounts．The least expensive plasma sets still cost a hefty US ＄3，000or more ，yet sales are growing so rapidly that many manufacturers are racing to boost production．That increase，combined with expanding production capacity and improved technology，could push the price of plasma sets down by one-third next year，according to analyst Richard Doherty of Envisioneering Group，a US research firm．But manufacturers are not just competing with each other；they are also trying to fend off challenges from competing thin-screen technologies，such as liquid crystal displays（LCD）．The demand for thin screens is fuelled in part by the advent of DVDs and digital TV broadcasts，which offer more detailed pictures and more lifelike colors than conventional analog TV signals．To see the difference，consumers need a set that can pack more information onto the screen than their current TVs can．This sharpness is most vivid on screens that are 40inches diagonal or larger．At that size，however，traditional direct view and projection TVs are so bulky that many consumers have trouble finding a place for them at home．Hence the interest in thin screens—models slender and light enough to hang on a wall．The glass panels at the heart of plasma and LCD sets come mainly from about a dozen companies with factories in Japan，South Korea and，increasingly，China．About 800，000 plasma panels will be shipped this year around the world，analysts say．That is a tiny amount compared with the overall market for TVs，which was about 140 million sets last year．But，industry experts said 2003would be a“breakout year”or plasma because shipments should double．Helping drive the growth are new or expanded manufacturing facilities．For example，Japanese electronics giant NEC last year doubled the capacity of its Japanese factory—reaching 300，000to 400，000 plasma panels．And it plans to double it again in 2003，officials said．As competition has heated up during the last four years，prices have fallen more than 50 percent．According to“NPD Tec world”，the average price of a plasma display sold in the US dropped from US ＄12，700in January 1999 to US ＄6，100in October 2002．The best markets for plasma screens have been in Asia，and about half of the sets have gone to businesses instead of homes．LCD TVs carry a premium price—they can be 10 times as expensive as a comparable tube-driven television—that knocks them out of most buyers’budgets．But LCD panels are quickly taking over the market for computer monitors，and the tens of millions of panels being produced for that segment will help push down prices for LCD TVs，analysts predicted．Sharp Electronics，for one，is betting heavily on LCDs．Its chairman，Toshiaki Urushisako，has predicted that Sharp will switch completely from conventional tube sets to LCD TVs in Japan by 2005．Flat-panel refers to wafer-thin（3 inches or less）TVs，whereas flat-screen may actually describe traditional cathode-ray-tube sets（CRTs）whose glass front lacks the distorting curve that TVs have had for 50 years．Be aware of two things：One，flat-panel technology may not be high-definition TV；for eventual HDTV reception，some of these sets will require a separate HD tuner．Two，some flat-panel TVs are just the panel and lack speakers and sometimes a built-in tuner．Price range：US ＄700－2，000LCD vs plasmaIn general，LCD technology is used for smaller screens because of the enormous number of transistors needed to turn the glasslike liquid crystals into color images．The larger the display，the more transistors，the more chance of failed connections．A plasma screen is found in TV sets larger than 20 inches．Color is comparable to an LCD's．LCDs do not deteriorate over time，while a plasma display averages 30，000 hours（a traditional TV screen can go for 20，000），after which it fades over a period of years．Earlier problems with the quality of plasma's contrast have been addressed，and current screens are cleaner and better defined．Price range：US ＄600－2，800HDTVSimply put，high-definition TV is 10 times as sharp as traditional TV，and the sound is digital，like CD sound，not FM ，which is what traditional TV provides．HD technology achieves its visual clarity with more immage lines on the screen．Where analog TVs have 480 horizontal lines，HDTV has 720 or 1，080lines．Be aware ：m any HDTV sets being sold now are in fact only HDTV monitors ，offering a crisp picture ．To receive genuine high-definition television signals，owners must buy a separate HDTV receiver．Price range：US ＄1，000－6，000LOS ANGELEST IMES81．According to the article，TV sets with _____will still be the most popular in the coming years．82．The factors that stimulate the thin screens to be more and more popular include _____，_____，and_____．83．The rapidly expanding market for LCD panels and their large-scale production will help lower _____．84．When a wealthy customer wants to buy a very large TV，he should select _____and _____according to the passage．85．We can infer from the passage that among all kinds of TV sets _____is of the best quality．。
2006年医学考博英语真题附答案
2006年医学考博英语真题附答案31.He ___ the check and deposited it in his account.B.endorsedC.cashed cash a check以支票兑换现款D.endowed捐赠, 赋予He is endowed with genius他赋有天才。
32.She claimed that she was denied admission to the school ___ her raceA.. by virtue of .依靠, 由于B.in accordance withC.with respect toD.on account of 由于33.The present is ill.so the secretary will be ___ for him as chairman at the meeting.A..standing up坚持, 经得起, 拥护, 抵抗ing up流行, 发生, 被提出,上升,讨论,出现C.sitting in参加D.filling in34The witness was.___ by the judge for failing to answer the questionA. sentencedB.threatenedC.admonished告诫,劝告,警告,提醒,要求, 催D.jailed监禁35.Publicly,they are trying to ___ this latest failure,but in private they are very worried.publicly adv.公然地, 舆论上A..put off 搪塞, 使分心, 使厌恶, 扔掉, 脱掉, 劝阻ugh off v.用笑摆脱C.pay off v. 报复, 赢利 y offv.解雇, 停止工作,休息, 划出36.It is sheer （完全的; 十足的） ___ to be home again and be able to relax.A.prestigen.声望, 威望, 威信B.paradise 天堂C.prideD.privacy秘密, 私事In such matters, privacy is impossible.在这类事情中, 保密是不可能的。
2006英语一完型
2006英语一完型英文回答：The passage discusses the significance of reading and its impact on the human mind. Reading is depicted as a cognitive activity that has the power to sculpt the neural pathways in our brains, shaping our perspective of the world and fostering intellectual growth. The author argues that reading is not merely a passive reception of information but rather an active engagement that transforms our understanding.To substantiate this claim, the passage citesscientific research indicating that reading activates diverse areas of the brain, enhancing cognitive skills and comprehension abilities. The neural connections formed during reading strengthen over time, allowing us to process information more efficiently and expand our vocabulary. Moreover, reading has been linked to increased empathy as it exposes us to different perspectives, fostering agreater understanding of others and reducing biases.The passage also emphasizes the role of reading in improving language proficiency. Exposure to written text enriches our vocabulary, introduces new grammatical structures, and familiarizes us with diverse writing styles. This enhanced linguistic competence not only facilitates clearer communication but also enables us to appreciate the nuances of language and engage in more meaningful conversations.In addition to its cognitive benefits, reading is also highlighted as a source of entertainment and personal enrichment. By immersing ourselves in the worlds created by authors, we escape the confines of our daily lives and embark on adventures that broaden our imaginations andevoke a range of emotions. Reading can be a solitary pleasure, providing respite from the demands of theexternal world, or a shared experience that fosters connections between individuals.The passage concludes by urging readers to embrace thetransformative power of reading. It emphasizes that reading is an investment not only in our intellect but also in our overall well-being. By dedicating time to reading, we cultivate a curious mind, expand our horizons, and enrich our lives with knowledge, empathy, and joy.中文回答：本文讨论了阅读的重要性及其对人类心理的影响。
2022-2023学年上海市行知中学高三上学期期末质量检测英语试卷
2022-2023学年上海市行知中学高三上学期期末质量检测英语试卷1. Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word: for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Video Games Foster Creativity?Video games that foster creative freedom can increase creativity under certain conditions, according to new research from Iowa State University. The experimental study compared the effect f playing Mine-craft(《我的世界》-一款游戏), with or without instruction, to watching a TV show or playing a race video game. Those 1 (give) the freedom to play Mine-craft without instruction were most creative.“It’s not just that Mine-craft can help induce creativity. There seems to be something about choosing to do it that also matters,” said Douglas Gentile, a professor of psychology.2 you are not familiar with the game, Gentile says Mine-craft is like a virtual Lego world. The game, which has sold more than 100 million copies, allows players to explore unique worlds and create anything they can imagine. Study participants randomly assigned to play Mine-craft were split into two groups. The one receiving instruction was told to play as creatively as possible.After 40 minutes of play or watching TV, the 352 participants completed several creativity tasks. 3 (measure) creative production, they were asked to draw a creature from a world much different than Earth. More human like creature scored low for creativity and those less human-like scored high. Surprisingly, those instructed to be creative while playing Mine-craft were the 4 (creative). Gentile says there’s no clear explanation for this finding. In the paper published by Creativity Research Journal, he, Jorge Blanco-Herrera, lead author and former master’s student in psychology: and Jeffrey Rokkum, former Ph. D. student in psychology, outlined possible reasons why the instructed Mine-craft group scored lower. Blanco-Herrera says the instructions may have changed subjects’ motivation for play.“ 5 (tell) to be creative may have actually limited their options while playing, resulting in a less creative experience,” Blanco-Herrera said. “It’s also possible they used all their ‘creative juices’ while playing and had 6 left when it came time to complete the test.”Video games can have both harmful and beneficial effects. Gentile’s previous research has shown the amount, content and context and video games 7 (influence) what players learn through repeated experiences. 8 much of Gentile’s research has focused on aggression or pro-social behavior, he says the same appears to be true for creativity.Most video games encourage players to practice some level of creativity. For example, players may create a character and story for role-playing games or be rewarded for creative strategies in competitive games. The researchers say even first-person shooter games 9 potentially inspire creativity as players think about strategy and look for advantages in combat.“The res earch is starting to tell a more interesting, nuanced picture. Our results are similar to other gaming research 10 you get better at what you practice, but how you practice might matter just as much, ” Gentile said.2. Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. spareB. respectableC. exhaustD. accidentalE. designedF. criticsG. advocates H. mine I. commercially J. relieving K. theoreticallyMajor companies are already in pursuit of commercial applications of the new biology. They dream of placing enzymes(酶)in the automobile to monitor 1 and send data on pollution to a microprocessor that will then adjust the engine. They speak of what The New York Times calls “Metal-hungry microbes(微生物)that might be used to 2 valuable trace metals from ocean water.” They have already demanded and won the right to patent new life forms.Nervous 3 , including many scientists, worry that there is corporate, national, international, and inter-scientific competition in the entire biotechnological field. They create images not of oil spills, but of “microbe spills” that could spread disease and destroy entire populations. The creation and 4 release of extremely poisonous microbes, however, is only one cause for alarm. Completely rational and 5 scientists are talking about possibilities that stagger(动摇)the imagination.Should we breed people with cow-like stomachs so they can digest grass and hay, thereby 6 the food problem by modifying us to eat lower down on the food chain? Should we biologically alter workers to fit the job requirement, for example, creating pilots with faster reaction time or assembly-line workers 7 to do our monotonous work for us? Should we use genetic forecasting to pre-eliminate “unfit” babies? Should we grow reserve organs for ourselves, each of us having, as it were, a “savings bank” full of 8 kidneys, livers or hands?Wild as these notions may sound, everyone has its 9 (and opposers) in the scientific community as well as its striking commercial application. As two critics of genetic engineering, Jeremy Rifkin and Ted How ard, state in their book Who Should Play God? “Broad scale genetic engineering will probably be introduced to America much the same way as assembly lines, automobiles, vaccines, computers and all the other technologies. As each new genetic advance becomes 10 practical, a new consumer need will be exploited and a market for the new technology will be created.”3. Deliberation is not always the best optionHumans have developed over millions of years of evolution to respond to certain situations without thinking too hard. If your ancestors _______ movement in the undergrowth, they would run first and ask questions later. At the same time, the _______ to analyse and to plan is part of what distinguishes people from other animals.The question of when to trust your gut(直觉)and when to test your _______—whether to think fast or slow, in the language of Daniel Kahneman, a psychologist—_______ in the office as much as it does in the savannah(大草原).Deliberative thinking is the feature of a well-managed workplace. Strategic changes and budget discussions are built on rounds of meetings, memos, formulas and presentations. Processes are increasingly designed to _______ instinctive responses. From blind screening of job applicants to using “red-teaming” techniques to pick apart a firm’s plans, precision _______ instinct.Yet instinct also has its place. Some decisions are more connected to emotional responses and inherently(固有的)less _______ to analysis. Does a marketing campaign capture the _______ of your company, say, or would this person work well with other people in a team? In _______ customer-service situations, intuition is often a better guide to how to behave than a script.Gut instincts can also be ________. Plenty of research has shown that intuition becomes more unfailing with experience. In one well-known experiment, conducted in 2012, volunteers were asked to ________ whether a selection of designer handbags were fake or real. Some were instructed to operate on instinct and others to deliberate over their decision. Intuition worked better for those who owned at least three designer handbags; indeed, it ________ analysis. The more expert you become, the better your instincts tend to be.________, the real reason to embrace fast thinking is that it is, well, fast. Instinctive decision-making is often the only way to get through the day. Researchers at Cornell University once estimated that people make over 200 decisions a day about food alone. The workplace is ________ but a succession of choices, a few big and many small: what to ________, when to intervene, whom to avoid in the lifts and, now, where to work each day.1.A．uncovered B．spotted C．blocked D．encountered2.A．capacity B．motive C．reluctance D．urge3.A．consultation B．anticipation C．assumptions D．reaction4.A．integrates B．matters C．works D．abuses5.A．bring out B．pick out C．make out D．stamp out6.A．equals B．comprises C．beats D．boosts7.A．manageable B．adaptable C．familiar D．sensitive8.A．attention B．opportunity C．status D．essence9.A．rough B．tough C．nervous D．neutral10.A．improved B．copied C．transferred D．weakened11.A．ensure B．extinguish C．clarify D．assess12.A．undertook B．outperformed C．facilitated D．paralleled13.A．Likewise B．However C．Consequently D．Moreover14.A．anything B．something C．nothing D．everything15.A．cooperate B．prioritize C．convince D．strive4. I had always been one of those quiet boys who preferred dreams to the real world. I was, in addition, absurdly shy, and therefore often mistaken for a fool, which upset me deeply. For nothing terrified me more than the prospect of correcting a false impression. Though I was often blamed by mistakes made by my classmates, I never dare to say a word in self-defense. I would simply go home to hide in a corner and cry. My greatest pleasure was to sit alone, reading, and let my thoughts drift away in the stories.My daydreams were in sharp contrast to real life; they were full of adventures and heroic deeds. They left marks on me. There was, for instance, a book about the history of the Roman Empire, in which an ambassador, while negotiating a treaty, was told that he was to accept the terms offered, on pain of death: his response was to plunge his arm into a fire and continue with his deliberations, in absolute calm. Inspired by his courage, I proceeded to test my own powers of resilience by plunging my own hand into the fire, only to burn my fingers badly. I can still see that ambassador, smiling calmly through his pain. Father hated my reading all the time, and sometimes he threw away my books. Some nights he refused to let me turn on the light in my bedroom. But I could always find a way, and after he caught me reading by the light of a string-wick lamp, he gave up and left me to it.There was a time when I tried my hand at writing; indeed, I even made a few little poems, but I quickly abandoned my efforts. No matter what I had bottled up inside me, I was extremely anxious about letting it out, and so my adventures in writing ended. I did, however, carry on painting. There was, I thought, no risk of revealing anything personal. I just took something from the outside world and brought it to life on paper. Sometimes I did hide some personal expression in it, but I made sure that it was visible enough to be seen and trivial enough to be ignored. The first time I showed my painting to my father, he was caught in silence for a while and then he breathed deeply, and said: “My son finally made something.” Then here I am, as a teacher at the Academy of Fine Arts, wondering how everything happened, from my daydreams to painting.1. The sentence “They left marks on me.” (in paragraph 2) means ________.A．daydreams did nothing but hurt the writer badlyB．daydreams influenced the writer's behavior in real lifeC．the writer had lasting memory of the books he readD．the writer couldn't distinguish books form reality2. The writer gave up writing because ________.A．it was not as interesting as readingB．he was too shy to reveal his inner worldC．he couldn't write good worksD．his father didn't like him writing3. Throughout the passage what can we learn about the writer's father?A．He was impressed with his son's paintingB．He didn't like the personality of his son.C．He was touched by his son's persistence in reading.D．He had a high expectation of his son in writing.4. The passage is mainly about ________.A．the power of reading B．the writer's adventurous daydreamsC．reflection on the start of a career D．the efforts made to be painter5. “Essential oils can have a major impact on your mood and health. When you apply an oil to your skin, it affects your physical state. When you inhale them, it affects your mental state,” says the “grande dame” of aromatherapy Jeanne Rose, author of The Arom atherapy Book: Applications and Inhalations.A few drops of eucalyptus on your skin will help heal a burn and smelling a pine tree might make you think of childhood Christmases. There are no rules for how to inhale oils. You can put a few drops on a tissue, or add some to water to spritz around the room or use in a diffuser(喷雾器)or vaporizer.Be very careful, however, when applying oils to the skin. Always dilute them in another oil, like palm, coconut or olive to prevent burns or allergic reactions.“A rule of thumb is 15 drops per one ounce of cream, oil or lotion,”says Sylla Sheppard-Hanger, the founder and director of Atlantic institute of Aromatherapy in Tampa, Florida.HERE’S THE OIL TO REACH FOR WHEN YOU NEED TO:Digest a big meal: A few drops of diluted peppermint. “It calms down the digestive system,”Rose says.Forget it’s freezing outside: “Conifer oils, like pine, black spruce, cedar and Christmas fir, can help combat seasonal affective disorder when inhaled,” Rose says. Citrus oils like orange or tangerine, which are reminders of summertime, are also good.Settle down after a big party: Sweet marjoram and lavender are sedatives. “They’ll knock your kids right out,” Sheppard-Hanger says.Get out of bed on a dark, cold morning: Peppermint, or any mint really, can provide a morning jolt when inhaled.Kill germs: Spray citrus oils tree oils like pine, to help clean the air during sickness.Decongest a nose: Eucalyptus, spruce or rosemary work for this. Try inhaling a few drops on a tissue to help with clogged nasal passages.1. What kind of readers is likely to buy The Aromatherapy Book: Applications and Inhalations?A．Gardeners who provides raw materials for manufacturers of essential oils.B．Researchers dedicated to inventing new essential oils to keep people in good health.C．Common people hoping to improve health condition with essential oils.D．Psychotherapist seeking treatments for serious mental and physical disorders.2. What is the appropriate way of using essential oils?A．Spritz the oil directly around a room.B．Mix them with cream in proportion.C．Smell the fragrance from the bottle.D．Apply oils to treat skin allergy.3. The oils that can relieve your symptom of bad cold are ________.A．peppermint oils B．conifer oilsC．citrus oils D．spruce oils6. By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world’s oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms(海洋微生物) called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots, leading to changes in the ocean’s appearance.Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide(二氧化碳) into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean’s warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a scientist in MIT’s Center for Global Change Science, built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by 3℃, it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters, such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener. “Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing. ” she said, “but the type of phytoplankton is changing.”And why does that matter? Phytoplankton are the base of the food web. If certain kinds begin to disapp ear from the ocean, Dutkiewicz said, “it will change the type of fish that will be able to survive.” Those kinds of changes could affect the food chain.Whatever colour changes the ocean experiences in the coming decades will probably be too gradual and un noticeable, but they could mean significant changes. “It’ll be a while before we can statistically show that the changes are happening because of climate change,” Dutkiewicz said, “but the change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals that we really have changed our planet.”1. What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?A．The various patterns at the ocean surface.B．The cause of the changes in ocean colour.C．The way light reflects off marine organisms.D．The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.2. What does the underlined word “vulnerable” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A．Sensitive. B．Beneficial. C．Significant. D．Unnoticeable. 3. What can we learn from the passage?A．Phytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem.B．Dutkiewicz’s model aims to project phytoplankton changes.C．Phytoplankton have been used to control global climate.D．Oceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener.4. What is the main purpose of the passage?A．To assess the consequences of ocean colour changes.B．To analyse the composition of the ocean food chain.C．To explain the effects of climate change on oceans.D．To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton.7. The explosion of new media, ranging from the internet to digital television, means that people working in advertising will have to come up with more ways to catch the public’s attention in the future. 1 No longer will all members be watching the same programme: some will be watching different channels on their own TVs, surfing the net or doing both at the same time. The advertising industry will have to work “harder and smarter” to cut through the “mess” of the future with a wide range of new media, all competing to catch the consumers’ eyes.People have become more individual in their consumption of advertising. New technology has made experimenting with new forms of advertising possible. The monologue where the advertisement tells housewives that this is the washing powder they should buy is just a cliché (陈词滥调) now. 2 There is, consequently, little hope of them surviving for more than another twenty years. A much closer relationship with the consumer is gradually being created.The definition of what constitutes advertising will expand well beyond the conventional mass media. Shopping environments will themselves become a part of the advertising process. Increasingly, they will exist not simply to sell goods, but also to entertain people and to make sure that they enjoy their time there. The aim will be to “warm” people towards these places so that they will return to purchase goods there again.In spite of these and other changes, it is highly unlikely that TV, print and radio will disappear altogether as advertising media. 3 But other marketing strategies, such as public relations and direct marketing, will become as important as advertising. Advertising agencies will have to reinvent themselves. They will no longer be able simply to produce advertisements and then support these through PR, direct marketing or the internet. Instead, they will have to change the whole way they look at communication and start thinking about ideas which are not specific to one discipline.4 Originality of thinking has always been in short supply. It will continue to be so in the future. But there will be increasing coston the advertiser’s ability to be imaginative and to think laterally about engaging the consumer in a broader variety of media.the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Absent-mindedness“Most events of absent-mindedness—forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room—are caused by a simple lack of attention,” says Dr. Daniel Schacter, a distinguished psychologist and memory scientist. “You’re supposed to remember something, but you haven’t encoded it deeply.”“Encoding,” Schacter explains, “is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later.” Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations. If you put your mobile phone in a pocket of a jacket, for example, and don’t pay attention to what you did because you’re involved in a conversation, you’ll probably forget whe re exactly you put your mobile phone. Your memory itself isn’t failing you. Rather, you didn’t give your memory system the information it needed.As many people accept, women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they pay more attention to their environment, and memory relies on just that. Yes, visual cues can help prevent absent-mindedness. But be sure the cue is clear and available. If you want to remember to take a medication with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen table—don't leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket.Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness. “A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox,” says Zeli nski, a scientist from New York University. There are many cases in life where women can remember prices of bags of different brands while they tend to forget the specific place where they put their bags.________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________9. 周末，乡间步道吸引了许多喜爱郊游的家庭。
mattered翻译
mattered翻译mattered：至关重要例句：1. Money doesn't matter, it's the people you have around you that counts.money不重要，重要的是你身边的人。
2. It doesn't matter what race you are, first and foremost you are a human being.不管你是什么种族，首先你是一个人。
3. It does not matter how slowly you go as long as you do not stop.只要不停止，只要你勇往直前，慢仍然有价值。
4. It doesn't matter if you fail because there's always another chance.不管你失败与否，总会有第二次机会。
5. It does not matter how much work you put in, if you don't do it right you won't succeed.就算你付出了多少努力，如果做的不对，就没办法成功。
6.Money is not the only thing that matters in life, happiness and relationships are important too.金钱并不是生活中唯一重要的事，幸福和关系也同样重要。
7.No matter how hard the situation is, don't forget why you started this journey.不管境况有多艰难，不要忘记你为什么开始这段旅程。
8.It does not matter how much experience someone has, what matter is the quality of work.不管别人有多少经验，重要的是工作质量。
超实用高中英语读后续写素材知识清单3——动作篇(1)
高中英语读后续写素材积累3——动作篇（1）跑步【短语集锦】1.Run swiftly2.Sprint forward3.Dash quickly4.Gallop along5.Hurry on6.Jog steadily7.Race towards8.Charge ahead9.Leap and run10.Fly down the track【优美例句】1.Running, with the wind in my hair, is a form of meditation for me.跑步时，风拂过我的发梢，对我来说是一种冥想的方式。
2.The rhythmic pounding of feet on the pavement creates a melody that soothes thesoul.脚步在路面上有节奏地敲击，创造出抚慰心灵的旋律。
3.The early morning runner is greeted by the soft glow of the sunrise, painting thesky in vibrant hues.清晨的跑步者被日出的柔和光辉迎接，将天空绘制成生机勃勃的色彩。
4.Each stride forward is a silent triumph over yesterday's limitations.每一步向前都是对昨日局限的默默胜利。
5.The runner's breath, heavy and labored, is a testament to the effort put forth.跑步者的呼吸，沉重而艰难，是付出的努力的证明。
6.As the miles tick by, so does the stress of the day fade away.随着里程的增加，白天的压力也随之消散。
7.The quiet streets welcome the solitary runner, their solitude a perfect backdropfor introspection.寂静的街道欢迎着孤独的跑步者，它们的寂静是内省的完美背景。
国家开放大学电大《高级英语阅读(1)》网络课形考网考作业及答案2
（精华版）国家开放大学电大《高级英语阅读（1）》网络课形考网考作业及答案100%通过考试说明：2020年秋期电大把该网络课纳入到“国开平台”进行考核，该课程共有2个形考任务，针对该门课程，本 人汇总了该科所有的题，形成一个完整的标准题库，并且以后会不断更新，对考生的复习、作业和考试起着非常重要 的作用，会给您节省大量的时间。
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形考任务一（70分）Chapter 1 Exercise (分值 7 分)题目1I. Vocabulary skills (3 points)Look at the columns below. Match each vocabulary word on the right with the correct definition on the left. (0. 5 points each)1. the bus or subway2. proof of completion of courses of students3. money for students from scholarships, grants, or loans4. formal talks by professors or instructors on subjects of study5. courses by video, video conferencing, or computers to students in different places6. the points or grade a student gets on a test答案：1. the bus or subway2. proof of completion of courses of students3. money for students from scholarships, grants, or loans4. formal talks by professors or instructors on subjects of study5. courses by video, video conferencing, or computers to students in different places6. the points or grade a student gets on a testII. Reading Comprehension (4 points)Read the passages, then answer the questions that follow. (1 point each )Experiencing Culture ShockA When Eliza James arrived at the University of Xian, she was excited to live in a new country, to improve her Chinese, and to experience a culture so different from her own. But soon her excitement turned to frustration as public transportation certificates and decrees financial aid academic lecturesdistance learningscoreshe encountered one roadblock after another. 〃I felt like I couldn，t accomplish anything. My dorm room had no heat, I couldn，t get into the classes I wanted, and every time I asked someone for help they gave me the runaround. I felt like no one was listening to me." Eliza met with administrators, sent letters of complaint, and even contacted the consulate in Beijing, but she got nowhere. What Eliza didn't realize was that her American approach to solving problems was very different from the Chinese one in which patience and negotiation skills are key. She soon learned how to solve problems within the cultural norms of Chinese society instead of forcing her own values onto those around her. 〃I finally feel like I fit in and that I know what I'm doing. In fact, it，s really fun being in a place that's so incredibly different from what I am accustomed to."B Yoshi Yamamoto is a junior at a small college outside of Boston. Although he is an honors student now, Yoshi didn，t always have such an easy time studying in America. "Teaching methods are very different here than they are in Japan. It took me a long time to get used to learning in seminars and discussing ideas with my classmates. At first it seemed like I wasn，t actually learning anything./z Yoshi's reaction was to totally withdraw: he didn't participate in class discussion; he spent lots of time alone in his room, and he even skipped class on occasion. "I thought I could teach myself. Now I recognize the value of the U. S. academic system, and I am able to adapt it to my own learning style. 〃C Both Eliza and Yoshi experienced what is called culture shock: psychological disorientation due to living in a new culture. For many international students, studying abroad can offer exposure to new cultures and an opportunity to study new fields and languages. However, it also offers the greater challenge of trying to function in a foreign culture. Studying and reading about a certain culture is poor preparation for the reality of living in it. According to psychological studies, the four stages of culture shock are 1. euphoria,2.hostility,3. gradual adjustment, and4. adaptation. Culture shock can be manifested in many ways: homesickness, boredom, stereotyping of or hostility towards the host culture, overeating or overdrinking, withdrawal, and inability to work effectively.D Different people experience different levels of culture shock and react in different ways. For example, Eliza got angry while Yoshi withdrew from society. The most important thing to remember is that culture shock is normal; it is not something to be ashamed of. Luckily, there are some things international students can do to make their adjustment to a new country go more smoothly. For instance, they can stay in touch with family and friends from home, join international student organizations, meet people from their own countries, and get involved in campus activities. Most importantly, they can adjust to life abroad by keeping a sense of humor and trying to remain positive.Recognizing Paragraph Topics (choose the paragraph letter) 题目27.an explanation of culture shock选择一项：C.C题目38.ways that students can adjust to living in a new country选择一项：D.D题目49.the experience of an international student in the United States 选择一项：B.B题目510.the experience of an international student in China选择一项：A.AChapter 2 Exercise (分值7 分)题目1I.Vocabulary Skills (2 points)Sometimes examples can explain the meaning of a word or phrase. For example, sun, rain, and wind are examples of kinds of weather. Look at the columns below. Match each vocabulary word or phrase in the first column with the examples in the second column. (0. 4 points each)1.kinds of extreme weather2.Earth' s natural materials and gases3.diseases or health disorders4.seasons of the year5.natural areas or regions of the earth 答案：1 kinds of extreme weather blizzards. tornacioM. hurricanes. Hoods, droughts §✓2. Earth's natural materials and gases coal. oil. c art)on, dioxide air water = v3 diseases or health disorders stroke, asrnma. influenza, pneumonia, headaches e /& seasons of the year winter, spring； sumirier.fall # v5 natural areas or regions of the earth oceans, seas, stands, deserts, forests =力IL Reading Comprehension (5 points) Complete the following statements by choosing the best from the answers A, B or C. (1 point each) Seasonal Affective Disorder: More than Just the BluesA Joshua dreads the winter months, not only because of the cold New England weather--the sleet, snow, wind, and rain一-but because as the seasons change from summer to fall to winter, the days get shorter. As the days getshorter, he starts feeling depressed and irritable and spends more and more time at home, eating and sleeping. A graduate student in philosophy, Joshua finds that he gets little work done during the winter months and hastrouble paying attention in class and concentrating on his research. "I soon realized that what I thought was just the J winter blues， was something more extreme than that. 〃 Josh visited a doctor who diagnosed him with SAD.B Seasonal Affective Disorder, or SAD, is a kind of depression that occurs seasonally. It is associated with the long hours of darkness and lack of sunlight during the winter months (people with SAD usually feel worse from December through February). Scientists don't completely understand the exact causes of SAD, but they believe it is related to a biochemical imbalance in the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is the basic part of the brain that controls the body's breathing, heartbeat, metabolism, and hormone release. The effects of SAD include moodiness, irritability, low energy, increased appetite for carbohydrates (foods such as potatoes, rice, and bread),difficulty concentrating, and the tendency to oversleep.C Although doctors described SAD for the first time in 1984, humans have probably dealt with the disorder for thousands of years. It is not a coincidence that many cultures have important celebrations during the short days of the winter months. Christmas, Hanukkah, and Winter Solstice celebrations all occur in December. These celebrations involve lighting candles in order to bring light, warmth, and happiness to an otherwise depressing time of year.D So what can SAD sufferers do to feel better? Naturally, they need more light. For people who have mild cases of SAD, exercising in the morning sun could be enough to help them. Phototherapy, or light therapy, is usually prescribed for people who have more serious cases of the disorder. In light therapy, patients sit in front of a light box, a strong artificial light, for up to four hours a day. Phototherapy is effective in over 80% of SAD cases, and patients usually see results within three to four days. Although the symptoms of SAD are similar to those of clinical depression, traditional antidepressants have not proven useful in treating SAD. While psychological counseling cannot treat the symptoms of SAD, it is recommended to help SAD sufferers learn to accept and deal with their illness.题目26.Joshua starts feeling depressed and irritable in the winter because 选择一项：B.he suffers from Seasonal Affective Disorder题目37.Seasonal Affective Disorder, or SAD, is a condition that researchers believe affects people during the winter months. Scientists believe it is caused by选择一项：ck of sunlight and a biochemical imbalance in the brain题目48.Humans have probably struggled with SAD since选择一项：A.ancient times题目59.People who suffer from SAD canto feel better.选择一项：A.do light therapy题目610.This passage talks about•选择一项：B.Both A and B.Chapter 3 Exercise (分值7 分)L Reading Comprehension (5 points)Read the passages, then answer the questions that follow. (1 point each )Fast food can be good foodMany people are too busy to prepare and eat three nutritious meals a day. so they turn to the convenience of fast-food restaurants. Many of the items at fast-food restaurants, snack bars, and food stands are fattening and not very nutritious. But fast food doesn' t have to be unhealthy, you can eat at fast-food restaurants and still eat well.Pay Attention to Calories and Fat ContentBy paying attention to the number of calories and fat that a food item has , you can make smarter choices. Calories are "units for measuring how much energy a food will produce" . condsider two fast-food meals. A quarter-pound hamburger with cheese, jumbo-size fries,and a 16-ounce soda have a total of 1,535 calories and 76 grams of fat • a broiled (cooked under direct heat or over a flame )chicken sandwich , a side salad with low-fat dressing, and a glass of water at the same fast-food restaurant have only 422 calories and 7 grams of fat . but maybe you really want a hamburger and fries . well, you can have a small hamburger, a small serving of fries, and a glass of water. At a total of 490 calories and 20 grams of fat, that" s stilla much smarter choice than the large burger , fries, and 20 grams of fat , that' s still a much smarter choice than the large burger, fries, andsada.There' s More That You Can DoThere are a few additional things you can do to make sure you eat well in fast food restaurants. First of all, say "no” when the cashier asks you if you want to “supersize” you meal (order an extra large portion of each item). Second, ask for no mayonnaise or sauce, or ask for it on the side (in a separate dish).Third, substitute(use something instead of something else)healthy foods for fatty ones. For example, instead of ordering deep-fried tempura, order fresh vegetables. Instead of ordering a beef burrito with lots of cheese and sour cream, order a vegetable burrito with beans and rice, and don' t eat the chips!Another thing you can do is order a side salad or a vegetable soup and eat it first. Thatway, you will eat some vegetables, and you won' t be able to eat as much of your burger and fries. Fnally, eat slowly and stop eating when you' re full. It sounds simple, but many people keep eating even after they become full.题目11.What is the main idea of this article ?选择一项：C.You can eat well in fast-food restaurant题目22.A small hamburger and small firies has选择一项：A. more calories and fat than a chicken sandwich and a salad.题目33.Some things you can do to eat well in fast-food restaurants are 选择一项：D.order healthy foods instead of fatty ones and drink water.题目44.Manyonnaise and sauces probably选择一项：C・ have a lot of fat and calories.题目55.By eating a salad or soup before the rest of your meal, 选择一项：A. you eat less of the rest of your meal.II. Vocabulary skills (2 points)Read the paragraph below and fill in each blank with a word from the box. (0. 4 points each)题目6changes damaging losing global availableThe growing similarities in diet and eating habits around the world are influencing people of various cultures in different ways. For example, Western foods are 6 damaging health in the industrialized island countryof Japan. Instead of small meals of seafood, rice, and vegetables, the typical Japanese diet now includes large amounts of meat, dairy products, and desserts like tiramisu, a rich Italian dish full of chocolate, cheese, and sugar. According to Japanese health researchers, such 7 changes in eating habits are relatedto a great increase in health problems such as heart disease, strokes, cancer, and diabetes. On the other hand, the changing 8 global diet is having the opposite effect on the people in the CzechRepublic. The government of this European nation no longer supports meat and dairy products financially, so the cost of these foods is going up. In contrast, fresh fruits and vegetables are becoming more widely 9 available from private markets and stands. Cooks are even serving salads to schoolchildren, and families are eating healthier home-cooked meals. For these reasons, fewer Czech men are having heart attacks, the women are 10 losinga lot of weight, and most people are living healthier lives.Chapter 4 Exercise (分值7 分I. Vocabulary Skills (2 points)题目1Match each vocabulary word on the left with the correct definition on the right. (0. 4 points each)1. make sense2.pedestrians3.vehicle4.teenager5. fine答案:I make sense to be reasonable or necessary2.pedestrians people traveling on foot walking3 vehicle something like a car or truck used to transport people4 .teenager a person over 12 and under 20 years old5 fine money to be paid as a punishmentIL Reading Comprehension (5 points)Complete the following statements by choosing the best from the answers A, B, C, or D. (1 point each)These days, it' s getting easier and easier to find your way around. Some people have GPS devices in their cars to make sure they don' t get lost. GPS stands for Global Positioning System. These devices use satellites in space to "see” where you are and give you directions to where you want to go. And if you don' t have a GPS device, you can simply go online to get step-by-step directions. Websites like and mappoint, msn. com can produce a map and directions in just a few seconds. But how do they do it?MapQuest® uses data (information) from a few different sources to produce directions and maps. Before MapQuest® went online, it sold regular paper maps in places like gas stations. The website uses the data from those paper maps, information from digital mapping companies, and government databases. At the moment, MapQuest® uses more than 30 computers to read all this data and provides users with millions of maps every day.In order to find the be st route (way or path) from one place to another, MapQuest® first has to look at all possible routes. Then MapQuest® looks at each part of each possible route. It considers the types of roads on the different routes. Are they dirt roads, paved roads, freeways, or city streets? It looks at how many turns there are in each route and what kinds of turns they are- Are they right turns or left turns? It also considers the speed limit on each road and how many intersections there are. An intersection is “a place where two or more roads cross each other v .MapQuest® can also tell you how long your trip will take you. It does this by doing some math. Map Que st® bases its estimated driving times on the length and speed limit of each part of the route and the amount of time it probably takes to get through each intersection. For example, it allows more time for a left turn at an intersection than it does for a right turn. Someday, maybe we will have cars that can just drive us wherever we want to go, but for now, mapping websites make it a little harder to get lost.题目26.What is the main idea of this article?选择一项：C.How mapping websites work.题目37.According to the article, MapQuest®选择一项：D.starting by selling paper maps.题目48.When you search for directions, the first thing MapQuest® does is选择一项：D.look at all possible paths.题目59.When it' s deciding on the best route, MapQuest® probably chooses选择一项：C.freeways instead of dirt roads.题目610.To estimate your driving time, MapQuest® considers选择一项：D.the speed limits and types of turns on your route.Chapter 5 Exercise (分值7 分)I.Reading Comprehension (5 points)Read the five main-idea questions that follow about the information in the reading. Three details correctly answer each question. Cross out the untrue, unrelated detail. (1 point each )题目11.What are the definitions of the two main types of families?选择一项：D. The nuclear family is the same as the extended family.题目22.What are the reasons for the changes in the structure of the family?选择一项：A.The divorce rate went down and the birthrate began to rise in the early 1900s in the United States- 题目33.What happened to families in industrialized countries in the 1930s and 1940s?选择一项：A.Before and during World War II, families faced few financial problems and women didn' t have to work away from home.题目44.What changes will happen to family structure during the next decades?选择一项：D. After the war, there were more divorces and fewer stay-home-mothers.题目55.What will families be like in the future?选择一项：B.Two-parent family will probably come back and all other family forms will end.IL Vocabulary Skills (2 points)Read the paragraph below and fill in each blank with a word from the box. ( 0. 4 points each)题目6living extended category typical believeThe Family of the FutureMany people today would like the traditional two-parent family back一that is to say, they want a man and a woman to marry for life; they also think the man should sport the family and the woman should stay home with the children. However, few families now fall into this 6 category In fact, if more women decide to have children on their own, the single-parent household may become more 7 typical than the traditional family in many countries. Also, unmarried couples may decided to have more children一or they might take in foster children or adopt. And because people are staying single and 8 living longer (often as widows), there may be more one-person households in the future. On the other hand, some people 9 believe similar events happen again and again in history. If this is true, people may go back to the traditional 10 extended or nuclear family of the past. Others think the only certainty in history is changing: in other words, the structure of the future family could begin to change faster and faster一and in more and more ways- Chapter 6 Exercise (分值7 分) L Vocabulary skills (2 points)Complete the following statements by choosing the best from the answers A, B, C, or D. (0. 4 points each) 题目1 1.Some examples of the architecture of old Europe are the magnificent cathedrals and castles. The design and building styles of modern architecture are excellent too. What does the noun architecture mean in these sentences? 选择一项：D. the form and plan of buildings and other structures 题目22.Perhaps the real beginning of civilization一with its scientific and technological discoveries and inventions一was in the Middle East and Africa. Over five thousand years ago, those ancient civilizations had astronomy, mathematics, medicine, government, and so on. Which word is a synonym of the word civilization? 选择一项：C.culture 题目33.The cultural legacy of ancient Chinese and Indian peoples included walled cities, the first governments, tools for work, and weapons for protection, odern peoples built on this legacy. What is a possible explanationof the word legacy?选择一项：A. ideas and achievements passed from earlier generations to modern society题目44.“For me, the idea of ancient culture creates a contradiction in definitions, n said Karen, going against Mei' s views. "Only modern things can be part of culture. Of course, people that like classical art and music will contradict me. ”What might the noun contradiction mean?选择一项：A.the opposition of two opinions题目55.Because of the worldwide media一movies, TV, CDs, the Internet, newspapers, magazines一everybody knows the same information, plays the same music, and enjoys the same jokes. How might you define the phrase the media?选择一项：A.the combination of visual, sound, and printed ways to send ideas around the worldIL Reading Comprehension (5 points)Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write "T” for True and "F” for False. (1 point each)题目6Many visitors to different countries don' t realize how important it is to understand a country" s culture. Sometimes people learn this lesson by making a big cross-cultural blunder, or embarrassing mistake. In business situations, these blunders can cost a lot of money or end business relationships.6.It is important to understand other people" s cultures before you do business with them. 选择一项：B.T题目7For example, one company wanted to sell toothpaste in Southeast Asia. In their advertisements, they claimed that their toothpaste whitens teeth. They didn" t understand that many of the local people chewed betel nuts to make their teeth black, and that these people thought black teeth were attractive.7.The toothpaste company probably kept using the same advertisement in Southeast Asia. 选择一项：题目8In another case, a car company tried to sell a car called "Matador" in a Spanish-speaking country. The company thought that it was a strong name because it means “bullfighter" • In Spanish, matador is indeed a noun meaning “bullfighter” . But it is also an adjective meaning “killing” . Imagine driving around in a car called "Killing” !8.The car company that tried to sell a car to a Spanish-speaking country probably didn' t sell many Matador cars in that country.选择一项：B.T题目9A European businessman had an important meeting with a company in Taiwan. He wanted to bring gifts for the people he was meeting with. He thought that something with his company" s logo on it would be a nice gift.So he bought some very nice pocket knives and had his company' s logo printed on them. He didn' t know that givinga knife as a gift symbolizes cutting off a friendship!9.The European businessman probably researches new cultures before he visits them now. 选择一项：A.T题目10It' s very easy to make blunders like these people did. But it' s also very easy not to. Before you visit a new country, research that country' s customs and etiquette (social rules for polite behavior). You can find a lot of information online. Just go to a search engine and type in key words like a cross-cultural etiquette" or "cultural information Taiwan v• By spending a few minutes doing research, you can save yourself from a lot of embarrassment and make sure you don' t accidentally offend anyone.10.What you can disagree with people to save yourself from making cross-cultural blunders. 选择一项：B.FChapter 7 Exercise (分值7 分)I.Reading Comprehension (5 points)Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for True and "F” for False on the Answer Sheet. (1 point each)题目1For instance, a doctor doesn' t always have time to thoroughly explain an illness. In these cases, the Internet can be a valuable resource——a place to read all about the causes, symptoms, and remedies for an illness.1. One benefit of using the Internet as a medical resource is it has a lot of information about illnesses and diseases.选择一项：B.T题目2For example, some websites claim that sniffing (smelling) a newspaper can cure nausea (the feeling of being sickto your stomach and wanting to vomit).2.One possible remedy for nausea is drinking a lot of tea.选择一项：B. F题目3Other websites suggest that a person with a cold should keep a piece of raw garlic in his or her mouth all day and bite down on it every few minutes to release the juice. People with smelly feet are told to soak their feet in tea for half an hour.3.The websites remedies might be unpleasant or odd, but they probably will cause harm. And who knows? They might actually be unhelpful.选择一项：A.F题目4An herbal remedy for helping your memory may also be a blood thinner. So if your doctor prescribed (put you on) a blood thinner and you start taking this herb without asking your doctor about it, a simple cut could be deadly; you might not be able to stop bleeding.4. A person who is taking a prescribed drug should probably talk to the doctor before taking an herbal remedy.选择一项：B.T题目5The bottom line is this: be careful when using the Internet as a health resource. Use it to find information that you can discuss with your doctor. But don' t spend a lot of money on "miracle cures” .5.The best way to use the Internet as a medical resource is to read about your illness and discuss what you find out with your doctor.选择一项：IL Vocabulary skills (2 points)Read the paragraph below and fill in each blank with a word from the box. ( 0. 4 points each)题目6disease substance classification prevent figureIn a small-town farm market, hundreds of elderly people drink a glass of sour dark cherry juice every day. These happy senior citizens, some of them over the age of 90, claim that the natural fruit juice cures一or at least decreases一the pain of their arthritis, a 6disease of the joints of the aging body. It' s a folk remedy, not a proven medical therapy. Nevertheless, science is beginning to 7figure out why sour cherry juice might work to improve the health of patients with arthritis. The secret is in the 8substance that gives the cherries their dark red color. It belongs to a 9classificationof natural nutrients that color blueberries, strawberries, plums, and other fruits一and vegetables too. Moreover, these coloring substances may help to lOprevent serious health disorders like heart disease and cancer. In other words, vitamins and fiber are not the only reasons to eat fruits and vegetables. "To take advantage of natural whole foods, ” advise nutritionists.Chapter 8 Exercise (分值7 分)I. Vocabulary Skills (2 points)Complete the following statements by choosing the best from the answers A, B, C, or D. ( 0. 4 points each) 题目1 1.At all hours, the media offer language learners “real-life” audio visual instruction and practice in aural comprehension.选择一项：B. understanding spoken language题目22.High-quality TV programming 一a good plan of shows about various fields of study一can increase people" s knowledge and improve their thinking abilities.选择一项：D.choice and organization of shows题目33.Television and video provide almost everyone with good entertainment一a pleasant way to relax and spend free time at home.选择一项：A. amusement or pleasure。
美国文学与文化中-白色-的象征意义
麓糕瓣美国文学与文化中“白色＂的象征意义张立新内容提要“白色”在美国文学与文化中被赋予独特的象征意义，它不仅指一种生理面貌特征，而且代表一种无标记和无形的文化行为。
在以盎格鲁，撒克逊种族和文化为主体的美国社会中，“白色”成为增加美利坚民族认同感的基础，同时也成为特权和地位的象征。
“白色”的象征性随着美国的发展而变化，但在美国文学与文化中，ＷＡＳＰ（“白入·盎格鲁．撒克逊·新教”）始终具有无可比拟的优越性和特权。
对于“白色”的崇尚和对于“非白色”的排斥成为美国社会种族与文化冲突的根源。
关键词白色美国文学美国文化象征意义１９７０年，托尼·莫里森发表了她的第一部小说《最蓝的眼睛》（‰ＢｌｕｅｓｔＥｙｅ），小说描写了一个１１岁的女孩克拉娣（Ｃｌａｕｄｉａ）的故事。
圣诞节来临，克拉娣收到一个“蓝眼睛、黄头发、粉色皮肤的布娃娃”，而克拉娣的第一个愿望就是把布娃娃撕开并以极大的好奇心来发现这一玩具所象征的东西，“来寻找它被赋予的温情，发现它的美丽和它所代表的希望，来理解整个世界所喜爱它的原因”。
①克拉娣不仅对这一“蓝眼睛、黄头发、粉色皮肤的布娃娃”充满了兴趣，而且对于她周围世界中的人们给予像布娃娃那样拥有白色肤色的孩子们的特别关爱的原因困惑不解。
这一问题不仅困惑着克拉娣而且困惑着托尼·莫里森。
莫里森认为，克拉娣的悲剧不仅仅是她个人的悲剧，而且是整个黑人种族的悲剧，同时也是整个美国的悲剧。
在一定程度上，克拉娣的布娃娃代表了一个与克拉娣完全不同的世界。
《最蓝的眼睛》是美国作家不断探讨“白色”在美国社会与文化中的象征意义的杰作。
“白色”在美国文学与文化中有着特别的含义，它不仅指一种生理面貌特征，而且在美国的发展过程中它被赋予了一种独特的象征性。
１９９３年，美国社会学家路斯·菲兰肯伯格（ＲｕｔｈＦｒａｎｋｅｎｂｅｒｇ）在他的著作《白人女性，种族问题》（ＷｈｉｔｅＷｏｍｅｎ，ＲａｃｅＭａｔｔｅｒｓ）中对美国文学与文化中“白色”所特有的含义作了描述。
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III. Shaping the Message
a. How to Talk about Race
IV.
a. b. c. d.
Race Matters
Race Matters User’s Guide Race Matters PowerPoint Community Building Strategies Organizational Self-Assessment
How is it different?
• Data are always disaggregated by race and deeply analyzed (e.g., school suspensions and expulsions).
TOOL: What’s Race Got to Do With It?
What’s different about work that uses an embedded racial inequities lens?
•
Makes the case differently Shapes the message differently Does the actual work differently
8
How Can the Race Matters Tool Kit Help?
9
Table of Contents
I. Race Matters
a. b. Race Matters User’s Guide Race Matters PowerPoint
II. Making the Case
a. b. What’s Race Got to Do With It Fact Sheets
TOOL: How to Talk About Race
4
Doing the Work: Defining success differently
Different from what?
• Generic, across-the-board outcomes
How is it different?
10
How Can the Race Matters Toolkit Help?
Race Matters PowerPoint
Q: Why should I use this tool? A: Any effective focus on race needs a shared knowledge base and a shared language, which this PowerPoint provides. Q: What will the tool help me accomplish? A: • • • a focused conversation about race a common understanding of how policies and practices contribute to inequities an overview of the Race Matters Toolkit and how the tools enable a new way of working toward equitable results
How is it different?
•
Assessing our capacity to do work that uses an embedded racial inequities lens
e.g., Do we have the right competencies? Are we making the right investments? Does our organization operate in ways that eliminate embedded racial inequities? TOOL: Organizational Self-Assessment
6
Doing the Work: Thinking about interventions differently
Different from what?
• Color-blind approach
How is it different?
• Race-informed approach (e.g., caseload reduction)
•
•
Leading with values that unite instead of divide; bundling solutions with problem descriptions; leading with structural and embedded issues e.g., community good over interest group; predatory lending before financial literacy
TOOL: Fact Sheets
3
Shaping the Message: Talking about issues differently
Different from what?
•
Divisive, rhetorical, and individually focused messages
How is it different?
Q: What will the tool help me accomplish? A: It guides you in determining whether disparities are products of unequal opportunities by race or more so the result of other factors.
12
How Can the Race Matters Toolkit Help?
Making the Case: Fact Sheets
Q: Why should I use this tool?
A: There’s limited attention to policies and practices as the sources of racial inequities. Q: What will the tool help me accomplish? A: • • • A quick source for analyzing problems created by policies and practices and identifying strategies to solve them A quick source of information for proposal writing and advocacy A model for ways to think through issues around race by moving from analysis to strategy
13
How Can the Race Matters Toolkit Help?
Shaping the Message: How to Talk About Race
Q: Why should I use this tool? A: Productive conversations about race are difficult to have. Based in communications research, this tool makes such conversations more likely to achieve results everyone can embrace. Q: What will the tool help me accomplish? A: • Frame conversations about racial inequities in ways that keep others engaged and on point • Get through predictably sensitive moments that typically arise when people talk about race • Think about communications strategies for advocacy work
14
How Can the Race Matters Toolkit Help?
Doing the Work: Racial Equity Impact Analysis
Q: Why should I use this tool? A: Today many racially inequitable impacts are produced inadvertently, through decisions that may not even explicitly address race, may appear race neutral, or may even be offered to address racial inequities.
11
How Can the Race Matters Toolkit Help?
Making the Case: What’s Race Got to Do With It?
Q: Why should I use this tool? A: • • • Sometimes race matters in situations that aren’t even presented in racial terms. Other times the story behind the data is far more complicated than initial data reveal. And sometimes race isn’t a major factor, even when a situation is presented as such.