高中英语知识讲解 选修6第4-5单元复习与巩固

选修6第4-5单元复习与巩固
学习目标
重点词句
说明：重点单词短语在各个单元的重点词汇中已经详细讲过，在复习单元不再重复，只就容易用错的部分进行提示和补充。

Unit 4：consume, random, consequence, advocate, mitment, refresh, contribution
Unit 5：fountain, shoot, panic, diverse, bathe
重点语法
it的用法
动词-ing形式复习
综合运用
-ing形式在书面表达中的应用
重点词句
consume
【点拨】
consume vt.消费；消耗；耗尽；吃完
vi.消耗，用掉/光，烧光；消灭；枯萎
He had consumed the best years of his life in prison.
他在狱中度过了他的大好年华。

She consumes much of her time in studying.
她把很多时间用在学习上。

They consumed all the hot dogs and hamburgers.
他们把热狗和汉堡包统统吃光了。

A big fire consumed the whole house.
一场大火把这所房子整个烧光。

【拓展】consumer n.消费者，顾客
The consumers plained about the poor quality of the electronic products.
消费者们都抱怨这个电子产品的低劣的质量。

random
【点拨】random adj.任意的，胡乱的，随便的，随机的
adv.胡乱地，随意地，随机地
搭配：at random 任意地，随便地
He was not listening and made a random answer to the teacher's question.
他不在听讲,对教师的问题瞎答一通。

Children's words and actions are often fairly random.
小孩子的言行常常是随性而为的。

The librarian took a book at random from the shelf.
图书管理员从书架上随便拿了一本书。

The children sat around the table at random.
小孩们随便地围坐在桌子旁边。

consequence
【点拨】consequence n.［C］结果，后果；影响
搭配：
in consequence/as a consequence/consequently 因此；结果
in consequence of/as a consequence of 由于……原因
take/suffer/face the consequence of承受/承担……后果
I overslept, and in consequence I was late for class
我睡过头了，因而上课迟到了。

I’m q uite willing to accept the consequences.
我完全愿意承担后果。

You should know the consequence of not studying hard.
你应该知道不用功学习的后果。

This had the unexpected consequence that he got fired.
这件事有了意外的后果，那就是他被革职了。

【拓展】consequently adv.结果；因此；必然地
The rain was heavy and consequently the land was flooded.
雨很大，结果淹了那片土地。

advocate
【点拨】advocate vt.拥护；提倡；主张；支持
n.提倡者，辩护律师
搭配：
advocate doing sth./that-从句提倡做某事（从句谓语常用“should+动词原形”，should可省）We should advocate saving energy./ that energy (should) be saved.
我们应该提倡节约能源。

He advocates reforming the prison system.
他主张改良监狱制度。

The manager of the hotel advocates rewarding the waitress for her good service.
这家酒店的经理主张对这个服务员的良好服务加以奖励。

The headmaster advocated that all the teaching buildings be well-equipped.
校长主张所有的教学楼都应当装备完善。

Mrs White is an faithful advocate of free speech.
怀特夫人是言论自由的忠实支持者。

mitment
【点拨】mitment承诺，承担义务
搭配：make a mitment to sb./sth. 对某人/某事做出承诺
Our pany has a mitment to quality and customer service.
我们公司对质量和顾客服务有承诺。

I felt I did not have to make such a mitment to them.
我觉得我没有必要对他们做出那样的承诺。

His laziness and lack of mitment are unbelievable.
他的懒惰和不负责任令人难以置信。

I couldn't go to the movie with you because of family mitment.
我因为家里有事不能跟你一起去看电影。

【拓展】mit vt.使承担义务；使作出保证
做（不合法的、错的或愚蠢的事）；犯
He didn't mit himself to anything.
他没有作任何承诺。

The agreement mits them to real singing performances.
该协议使他们在演出时必须真唱。

It’s said that most crimes are mitted by young men.
据说多数罪行都是年轻人犯下的。

refresh
【点拨】refresh vt. & vi. 使恢复精力；使振作；使记起，刷新（页）
The long sleep had refreshed her.
一场酣睡使她的精力充沛。

They had stopped by a spring to refresh themselves.
他们曾在一处泉边停歇休息。

He awoke feeling pletely refreshed.
他醒来感到彻底恢复了精力。

He had to refresh his memory by looking at his notes.
他不得不靠看笔记本来提醒自己。

【拓展】refreshment n. 提神，精神恢复；点心，茶点
contribution
【点拨】contribution n.贡献
搭配：make contributions to (doing) sth 对（做）某事做出贡献
They made an important contribution to the success.
他们对这次的成功做出来重要的贡献。

This invention made a major contribution to road safety.
此项发明为道路安全做出重大贡献。

Each of us was asked to make a contribution of $25.
我们每人要求捐25美元。

【拓展】contribute v.贡献；有助于；投稿；捐款
搭配：
contribute(…)to…向……捐(……)款/投稿；对（做）某事做出贡献；促成，有助于His research has contributed a lot to our understanding of this disease.
他的研究对我们对这种疾病的理解做出很大贡献。

It was generous of her to contribute such a large sum.
她很大方，捐助了这么大笔钱。

Smoking certainly contributed to his early death. 吸烟肯定导致了他的早逝。

fountain
【点拨】fountain n.泉水;喷泉;水源(知识等的)源泉；根源(常加of)
v. 泉水般喷出或涌出
A beautiful stone fountain was set in the middle of the garden.
花园中央砌造了一个漂亮的石头喷水池。

Ancient Greece was a fountain of wisdom and philosophy.
古希腊是智慧和哲学的发源地。

The water is fountaining ten meters into the air.
水喷出了十米高。

When it broke out, red lava was fountained hundreds of metres into the air.
当（火山）喷发时，红色的熔岩喷向空中达几百米。

shoot
【点拨】shoot vt. & vi. 射中，射伤；拍摄；投篮（过去式、过去分词shot）对比：shoot at 朝……射击
He shot himself yesterday.
昨日他吞枪自杀。

The spy was shot through the heart.
那个间谍被击穿心脏。

Where was the movie shot?
电影在哪里拍摄的？
He should have shot instead of passing.
他本该射门,不应该传球。

She shot at that target but missed it.
她向靶射击，但没有命中。

I shot at the bird but it flew away.
我举枪向鸟射击，可是它飞走了。

【拓展】shot n. 射击；枪炮声
panic
【点拨】
panic v. （使）惊慌(panicked; panicked)
n. 惊慌，恐慌
搭配：in (a) panic感到惊慌;惊恐地
The children panicked when the planes flied over the city.
当飞机飞过城市的上空，孩子们惊慌失措。

The thunder panicked the baby.
雷声吓坏了婴儿
The old woman panicked when he realized he had the wallet stolen.
当意识到自己的钱包被偷了，这位老妇人感到很惊慌。

People in panic had nothing to do but wait for death.
惊恐万分的人们只好坐以待毙。

All the people fled in a panic as the earth shook.
当大地摇晃时，所有的人们都惊慌逃散。

diverse
【点拨】diverse adj.多种多样的，不同的（相当于different and various）
Her interests are very diverse.
她的兴趣非常广泛。

They are the people from diverse cultures.
他们是些有着不同文化背景的人。

The program deals with subjects as diverse as pop music and Beijing Opera.
节目涉及从流行音乐到京剧这样形形色色的题材。

【拓展】diversity n. 差异，多样性
He made us realize that beauty can have a diversity of forms.
他使我们认识到了美可以有种种不同的形式。

bathe
【点拨】bathe vi.& vt.洗澡，游泳；用水冲洗，浸
n.游泳，（在河、海等）游泳（英国英语，较正式）
On hot days we often bathe/go bathing in the river.
天热时我们常在河里游泳。

I always bathe/ bath before I go to bed.
我睡觉前总要洗个澡。

The nurse bathed the wound. 护士冲洗伤口。

The doctor told him to bathe his eyes twice a day.
医生叫他每天洗眼两次。

【拓展】bath n. 沐浴，洗澡；浴缸，澡盆；洗澡水
vt. & vi. （给）……洗澡（美语多用bathe）
I shall have/ take a hot bath and go to bed.
我洗个热水澡就将上床睡觉了。

He bathed in cold water winter and summer.
不论寒暑他都用凉水洗澡。

It’s your turn to bath /bathe the baby. 该你给孩子洗澡了。

重点语法
it的用法---常考点与代词it
I. 常考要点：
1．It作代词的用法（包括人称代词和非人称代词），而尤其后者出现的形式多。

2．作形式主语
3．作形式宾语
4．用在固定搭配中
5．强调句（此种结构考查的次数最多，应该引起我们平时备考的足够重视）
II. 代词it
判断下面句子中it指代意义。

1. They watched the train until it disappeared in the distance.
2. It was nearly midnight when she came back.
3. It was very quiet in the café.
4. Nothing is wrong, is it?
5. There is a knock on the door. It must be the postman.
6. It’s 35 centigrade now. So I feel hot.
7. Tom's mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but it didn't help.
8. She heard a terrible noise, and it brought her heart into her mouth.
答案：
1. 上文提到的事物：train
2. 指时间
3. 指环境
4. 指nothing
5. 指需要确定身份的人
6. 指气温
7. 指上文的事情
8. 指a terrible noise
易混的句型---放在句首的it
比较下面句子，归纳it的用法。

A. 形式主语
B. 引出强调句
C. 指时间
D. 用于固定句型，无意义
1.It is high time you made up your mind.
2.It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class.
3.It was they that (who) cleaned the classroom yesterday.
4.It is necessary that he (should) remember these words.
5.It was ordered that we (should) arrive there in two hours.
6.It is (has been) five years since his father died.
7.It will not be long before he finishes his job.
8.It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.
9.It happened that he met his teacher in the street.
10.It is no good learning English without speaking English.
11.It looks as if he was ill.
12.It was not until his son came back that he went to bed.
13.So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base... (2016 高
考全国I)
14.It is kind of you to say so.
答案：
1. C。

句型：It is (high) time + 从句（从句谓语用过去时），意思是“到时间该做……”。

2. A。

句型：It’s +名词+that从句。

3. B。

去掉It was ... that/who ...，句子仍然合理，不缺少成分，即为强调句。

4. A。

句型：It’s +形容词+that从句。

5. A。

句型：It’s +过去分词+that从句。

6. C。

指时间。

It is/has been + 一段时间+since+名词/从句，意为“自从……到现在已经多长时间了”。

7. C。

指时间。

It will not be long before +从句，意为“不久就……”。

8. B。

强调句。

强调at the railway station。

9. A。

形式主语。

it代替后面的主语从句。

10. A。

形式主语。

it代替后面的动词-ing形式。

11. D。

it用于句型，无意义。

12. B。

强调句。

强调until从句。

13. A。

形式主语。

it代替后面的不定式to be invited backstage...
14. A。

形式主语。

it代替后面的不定式of you to say so。

形式宾语及特殊句型
I. it 作形式宾语
助记：为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为“6123结构”——
6指主句中常用的动词：think, believe, make, find, consider, feel
1指的是形式宾语it；
2指的是宾语补足语的两种形式：形容词或名词；
3指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语或that引导的宾语从句。

We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day.
He felt it important learning English well.
They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days.
II. “it”的特殊用法常出现在以下几种结构中：
A. 动词+ 介词(短语) + it + that从句。

常见于answer for, depend on, rely on, insist on, look to, see to, stick to 等结构中。

You may depend on it that Tom will help you with your English.
你放心，汤姆会帮助你学英语的。

B. 动词＋it＋when / if 从句
常见于appreciate, enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer等少数动词之后。

We would much appreciate it if you could do us that favour
C. 动词+ it + 介词短语+ that从句
常见于bring it to one's attention; owe it to sb; take it for granted 等结构中。

Don't take it for granted that they will support you.
D. 动词+ it + that从句
常见于like, take, have, put等少数动词之后（it相当于that从句的同位语）。

I take it that they will succeed sooner or later. 我想他们迟早会成功的。

动词-ing形式用法小结
I. 相当于名词的动词-ing形式----动名词
要特别关注的用法：
1. 此时动词-ing形式相当于名词，可以作主语、宾语、表语和定语等。

It is no use arguing with him.和他争论没有用。

（主语）
Her favourite job is teaching English.（表语，说明主语的内容）
她最喜欢的工作是教英语。

We don’t allow smoking here.我们不允许在这里吸烟。

The nurse is talking with a patient in the waiting room （waiting作定语，表示用途）
护士正在阅览室与一个患者谈话。

2. 注意只接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词。

如：
I suggested asking his brother for some money. 我建议向他的兄弟要些钱。

3. 注意接动词-ing形式和不定式（to do sth.）都可以，但是有区别的动词。

如：
I remember doing the exercise. 我记得做过这个练习。

I must remember to do it. 我必须记着做这事。

4. 注意介词to常用短语后要接动词-ing形式。

While the weather is fine, I must get down to painting the house.
当天晴时，我一定要油漆房子。

5. 注意-ing形式作动词，后面又有宾语补足语时，常用it作形式宾语，而把-ing形式后置。

Do you consider it any good trying again? 你认为再试一次有什么好处吗？
II. 相当于形容词、副词的动词-ing形式----现在分词
要特别关注的用法：
此时动词-ing形式作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。

The girl standing there is my sister. 站在那儿的女孩是我的姐妹。

（定语）
We found the old lady lying in bed. 我们发现那老太太躺在床上。

（宾语补足语）
Seeing nobody at home, he decided to leave them a note. （状语）
看见没有在家，他决定给他们留张条。

The problem is quite puzzling. 这个问题很令人困惑。

（puzzling作表语，表示主语的性质）
III. 动词-ing形式的时态和语态
以do为例：
1. 主动时态：一般式--- doing，完成式--- having done
2. 被动语态：一般式---- being done，完成式--- having been done
特别关注：
1. 动词－ing形式的一般式表示动作与谓语动词同时发生﹑几乎同时发生或在谓语动词前发生。

Working hard, you will succeed in the experiment.
如果努力工作的话，你会在实验中成功的。

Walking down the valley, they came across a big cave.
他们沿着山谷走时，偶然遇到了一个大洞。

Hearing the news, she burst into tears. 听到这个消息，她哭了。

2. 动词－ing形式的完成式having done表示动作先于谓语动词动作发生。

Having waited in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. 排了一个小时的队了，汤姆突然意识到他把钱包落在家里了。

3. 动词－ing形式的被动式being done表示这个被动动作正在进行，或是与谓语表示的动作同时发生。

Being repaired, the car can’t be used. 车正在修理，不能用了。

4. 动词－ing形式的完成式的被动having been done表示这个被动动作发生于谓语之前。

此结构可以被过去分词代替。

Having been shown /Shown the lab, the visitors looked around the stadium.
参观者们被领着看了实验室后，又看了体育场。

综合运用
-ing形式在书面表达中的应用
动词可以说是书面表达中用的最多的词性了，而由于中英两种语言的差异，也是使我们出错最多的词性。

在书面表达中，动词作谓语时的时态和语态需要我们多花一些心思，以避免错误。

但是动词作非谓语时，也是容易出错的地方之一，所以，这个单元我们就来说一下最重要的非谓语动词形式——动词-ing形式在书面表达中的应用。

I. 动词作主、宾、表语，不要忘了加-ing或者用不定式。

因为汉语是没有变化的汉字，许多同学写作时用动词作主、宾、表示，常忘记加动词-ing 或者用to do的形式。

如：
1. 有残疾并不意味着你的生活不令人满意。

Having a disability does not mean your life is not satisfying.（作主语）
2. 连停都没有停，我们跳上了船。

Without pausing, we jumped into the boat.（作介词宾语）
3. 你的作文不错，但是你的书写仍然需要提供。

Your position is good but your handwriting still requires improving. （作动词宾语）
II. 动词作定语时，从时间上看，如果表示将来，用to do；表示用途、正在进行或现在，用动词-ing形式，表示被动，同时也表示完成，用过去分词。

除此之外，还可以用定语从句。

注意：动词-ing形式的完成式和完成式的被动态很少用来作限制性的定语。

1. 他们是来自几个国家的参观者。

They are visitors ing from several countries.
完成卷子的同学现在可以回家了。

The students who have finished the paper can go home now.
III. 状语从句可以用动词-ing形式或过去分词来使句子简洁、流畅。

1. When she heard the news, she burst into crying.
Hearing the news, she burst into crying.
2. Because she has no friend in the country, she found it impossible to find a job.
Having no friend in the country, she found it impossible to find a job.
练一练：
用括中的适当的形式填空。

(A)
If you are interested in _______ (1 write), please take part in the _______ (2 write) contest of the Summer Camp _______ (3 hold) by the Cultural and Education Section of the British Council.
You can choose either of the _______ (4 follow) themes, a letter home, _______ (5 tell) your parents the life and studies in the UK and _______ (6 show) your gratitude to them or a letter to the mayor of London, _______ (7 describe) your real experiences in Britain.
Please log on and register as a member before August 1.
The winners will be given a pleasant gift and their work will be published on the magazine _______ (8 issue) by the Cultural and Education Section British Council.
The Students’ Union
(B)
A beggar
One day, a beggar was asking for money at the roadside, but Mr. Li hurried on his way to work, _______ (1 pay) no attention to him. As a result, the beggar got angry and stuck out his _______ (2 walk) stick, which almost tripped Mr. Li over. _______ (3 realize) the beggar was a disabled person, Mr. Li wanted to give him some money. So he took out a 100-yuan note, which was suddenly blown into the air by the wind. _______ (4 see) the 100-yuan note _______ (5 blow) into the air, the beggar jumped up quickly to run after the note, _______ (6 make) Mr. Li so _______ (7 surprise).
答案：
（A）1. writing 2. writing 3. held 4. following 5. telling 6. showing
7. describing 8. issued (被发行)
（B）1. paying 2. walking 3. Realizing 4. Seeing 5. blown
6. making
7. surprised。