12月考试题2
高一历史12月月考试题2
甘肃省靖远县第四中学2019-2020学年高一历史12月月考试题一、单项选择题（每小题2分，共50分）1．商代，上帝神的权威性很高，凡事都要占卜；西周，认为周王权力的确立是“受命于天”，周王自称“天子”。
这说明中国古代早期A．封建迷信思想盛行 B．政治统治借助社会人伦C．王权与神权紧密结合 D．血缘亲疏决定政治地位2．《孟子·告子》载：“天子适诸侯，曰巡狩；诸侯朝于天子，曰述职。
……一不朝，则贬其爵；再不朝，则削其地；三不朝，则六师（注：即“周六师”，是周王室的主力军，驻镐京一带）移之。
”此材料反映的是A.西周时周王与诸侯的关系B.春秋时诸侯争霸C.周王室对诸侯已失去控制D.周代分封制崩溃3．有学者认为，西周分封制下的各级受封贵族领主具有较大的独立性，封地内的百姓甚至只知有领主，而不知有周天子。
这反映出西周A.分封制有分裂割据的隐患B.宗法制分封制已走向崩溃C.分封制具有开疆拓土作用D.小宗并未真正的服从大宗4．商周公卿在传世文献和标准器铭文中有200多位，其中姓氏可考65位。
其中商代公卿中异姓和同姓的百分比分别是34.78%、21.05%、而西周异、同姓公卿分别为34.78%、65.22%。
公卿的族属是商周政治建构的重要因素，它决定着政权的形态。
这说明了A.“天下为家”开始取代“天下为公”B.宗族组织与政治系统界限分明C.建立起以血缘关系为基础的中央集权制D.家国一体的社会架构逐步形成5．秦朝“三公”的权限中，属于丞相的是①负责管理全国的军事②负责监察百官③帮助皇帝处理全国的政事④执掌群臣奏章A.①B.②C.③D.③④6．“自秦汉以来的郡县政治，到今天民国时代还存在，中国之永为一统一国，此项政治制度实贡献过其甚大之绩效。
”“绩效”指郡县制A.导致官僚政治取代了贵族政治B.形成中央间接管理地方形式C.促进统一多民族国家巩固发展D.标志中央集权制度最终形成7．下列历代措施中，起到限制地方割据势力作用的是①汉武帝颁行“推恩令”②唐朝设置节度使③宋太祖派文臣任地方长官④元在地方设“行中书省”A．①②③④ B．①②③ C．①②④ D．①③④8．下图三个场景描述的是我国古代君主和丞相关系的变化（坐而上朝、站而上朝、跪而上朝），它从本质上反映了A.官员管理日益规范B.君主专制权力不断强化C.君相关系日见疏远D.皇帝刁难大臣以便控制9．两汉实行州郡推荐，朝廷考试任用的察举制；经魏晋九品中正制，至隋唐演变为自由投考，差额录用的科举制。
2020年12月英语六级真题及答案-第2套(完整版)
2020年12月英语六级真题及答案-第2套
参考答案:
全卷
完
1、高考了，祝愿你频施妙笔，作下妙句佳篇；频露锋芒，谱就千古绝唱；频施才智，成就考卷佳绩；频放异彩，展现才子风采。
祝愿你高考顺利，一顺百顺！
2、高考日到了，愿你一帆风顺、二话不说、三阳开泰、四平八稳、五福临门、六六大顺、七星高照、八面威风、九转功成。
祝高考顺顺利利、金榜题名。
3、同学，我们一起经历了辛苦的高三，最后的高中生活快结束了，考试到了，祝你飞跃！
4、亲爱的朋友，平和一下自己的心态，控制自己的情绪，以平常心态应考，考完一门忘一门，让自己尽量放松，好好休息。
希望你一举高中喔！
5、手机铃响，那是问候；手机唱歌，那是祝福；手机震动，那一定是我握住了你的手。
专八考试成功！我的朋友。
6、知道你正在经历人生中的一次重要挑战，或许你有焦虑、有恐惧，也有激动，但想说，请不要忘记身边所有关爱着你的人，们是你坚强的后盾。
7、这两天的考试过程中，要调整好自己的状态，给自己一个完美的明天。
8、期中考试不是母老虎，莫因畏惧而愁苦；从容应考是关键，摆正心态身轻松；莫论成败千万种，一心只展所学功；发挥出色便称雄，何患金榜不提名；祝期中考试成功！
9、小朋友，做做这份试卷，你会发现自己真的学会了很多知识，有一种成就感，相信你今后一定更喜欢语文，会把语文学得更好。
祝你顺利做完试题，取得好成绩。
10、考试之日又来临，考生家长心如焚。
子女面前莫表现，压力太大难发挥。
营养餐要准备好，不能太荤坏肠胃。
保证孩子睡眠好，从从容容应考试。
祝捷报早传，开心欢笑！。
2023年12月大学英语六级考试真题及答案(第二套)
2023年12月大学英语六级考试真题及答案（第二套）2023年12月大学英语六级考试真题及答案第二套英语六级听力第二套1.A) Spending their holidays in a novel way.2. D) He once owned a van.3. A) Generate their own electricity.4.C) Enjoying the freedom to choose where to go and work.5. C) Her job performance has worsened over the past month.6.B) Some problems at home7. B) The womans work proficiency.8. C) The woman will be off work on the next two Mondays.9. D) It can enable us to live a healthier and longer life.10.B) The spouses level of education can impact oneshealth.11.A) They had more education than their spouses.12.C) Forecasting flood risks accurately.13.D) To improve his mathematical flooding model.14.A) To forecast rapid floods in real time.15.B) They set up Internet-connected water-level sensors.16.B) To argue about the value of a college degree.17.D) The factor of wages.18.A) The sharp decline in marriage among men with no college degrees.19.C) More and more people prioritize animal welfare when buying things to wear.20.D)Avoided the use of leather and fur.21.A)Whether they can be regarded as ethical.22.D) The era we live in is the most peaceful in history.23.C) They believed the world was deteriorating.24.B) Our psychological biases.25.A) Paying attention to negative information.翻译第二篇在中国，随着老龄化社会的到来，养老受到普遍关注。
2019年12月大学英语四级考试题(二)
2019年12月大学英语四级考试题（二）f e n b i .c o m f e nb i .c o m f en b i .c o m f e nbi .c o m f en b i .c o m f e n b i .c o m f en b i .c o m f e nbi .c o m Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions : For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a foreign friend who wants to learn Chinese.Please recommend a place to him. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) Directions: Answer the questions 1 to 2 based on the following news report.1.2.Directions: Answer the questions 3 to 4 based on the following news report.3.4.Directions: Answer the questions 5 to 7 based on the following news report.5.6.7.Directions: Answer the questions 8 to 11 based on the following conversation.8.9.A.There is discrimination against male nurses.B.There is a growing shortage of medical personnel.C.The number of nurses has dropped to a record low.D.The number of male nurses has gone down.A.Cultural bias.B.Working conditions.cational system.D.Inadequate pay.A.He fell out of a lifeboat.B.He lost his way on a beach.C.He was almost drowned.D.He enjoyed swimming in the sea.A.The lifeboats patrol the area round the clock. B.The emergency services are efficient.C.The beach is a good place to watch the tide.D.The beach is a popular tourist resort.A.It became an online star.B.It climbed 25 storeys at one go.C.It broke into an office room.D.It escaped from a local zoo.A.Return it to its owner.B.Release it into the wild.C.Send it back to the zoo.D.Give it a physical checkup.A.A raccoon can perform acts no human can.B.A raccoon can climb much higher than a cat.C.The raccoon became as famous as some politicians.D.The raccoon did something no politician could.A.She received a bonus unexpectedly.B.She got a well-paying job in a bank.C.She received her first monthly salary.D.She got a pay raise for her performance.A.Several years ago. B.Two decades ago.C.Just last month.D.Right after graduation.fe nb i .c o mf e nbi .c o m f en b i .c o m f e nbi .c o m f en b i .c o m f e nb i .c o m f en b i .c o m f e nbi .c o m 11.Directions: Answer the questions 12 to 15 based on the following conversation.12.13.14.15.Directions: Answer the questions 16 to 18 based on the following passage.16.A.Expressing ideas and opinions freely.ing information to understand and solve problems.C.Enriching social and intellectual lives.D.Acquiring information and professional knowledge.17.18.Directions: Answer the questions 19 to 21 based on the following passage.19.20.A.He sent a small check to his parents.B.He took a few of his friends to a gym.C.He immediately deposited it in a bank.D.He treated his parents to a nice meal.A.Visit her former university campus. B.Buy some professional clothes.C.Join her colleagues for gym exercise.D.Budget her salary carefully.A.He has a difficult decision to make.B.He has just too many things to attend to.C.He has been overworked recently.D.He has just quarreled with his girlfriend.A.Turn to his girlfriend for assistance. B.Give priority to things more urgent.C.Think twice before making the decision.D.Seek advice from his family and advisor.A.His parents and advisor have different opinions. B.He is not particularly keen on the job offered.C.He lacks the money for his doctoral program. D.His girlfriend does not support his decision.A.They need time to make preparations. B.They need to save enough money for it.C.They haven’t started their careers yet.D.They haven’t won their parents’ approval.A.Travelling to different places in the world.B.Improving mind-reading strategies.C.Playing games that challenge one’s mind.D.Reading classic scientific literature.A.Expose themselves to different cultures. B.Discard personal biases and prejudices.C.Give others freedom to express themselves.D.Participate in debates and discussions.A.The nature of relationships between dogs.B.Why dogs can be faithful friends of humans.C.The reason a great many people love dogs.D.How dogs feel about their bonds with humans.A.They behave like other animals in many ways. B.They have an unusual sense of responsibility.C.They can fall in love just like humans.D.They can respond to humans’ questions.f en b i .c o m f e nbi .c o m f en b i .c o m f en b i .c o m f e n b i .c o m f e n b i .c o m f e n b i .c o m f e nb i .c o mDirections: Answer the questions 22 to 25 based on the following passage.22.23.24.25.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Finally, some good news about airplane travel. If you are on a plane with a sick passenger, you are unlikely to get sick. That is the 26of a new study that looked at how respiratory ( 呼吸道 ) viruses 27on airplanes. Researchers found that only people who were seated in the same row as a passenger with the flu, for example—or one row in front of or behind that individual—had a high risk of catching the illness. All other passengers had only a very 28chance of getting sick, according to the findings. Media reports have not necessarily presented 29information about the risk of getting infected on an airplane in the past. Therefore, these new findings should help airplane passengers to feel less 30to catching respiratory infections while traveling by air.Prior to the new study, little was known about the risks of getting 31infected by common respiratory viruses, such as the flu or common cold, on an airplane, the researchers said. So, to 32the risks of infection, the study teamflew on 10 different 33in the U.S. during the flu season. The researchers found that passengers sitting within two seats on 34 side of a person infected with the flu, as well as those sitting one row in front of or behind this individual, had about an 80 percent chance of getting sick. But other passengers were 35safe from infection. Theyhad a less than 3 percent chance of catching the flu.A south Korean city designed for the future takes on a life of its own[A] Getting around a city is one thing—and then there's the matter of getting from one city to another. One vision of the perfect city of the future is a place that offers easy access to air travel. In 2011, a University of North Carolinabusiness professor named John Kasarda published a book called Aerotropolis : The Way We'll Live Next . Kasardasays future cities should be built intentionally around or near airports. The idea, as he has put it, is to offer businesses A.They have their own joys and sorrows. B.They experience true romantic love.C.They help humans in various ways.D.They stay with one partner for life.A.A cow bone.B.A rare animal.C.A historical site.D.A precious stone.A.Dating it. B.Preserving it.C.Measuring it.D.Identifying it.A.The channel needs to interview the boy.B.The boy's family had acted correctly.C.The boy should have called an expert.D.The site should have been protected.A.Ask the university to reward Jude. B.Search for similar fossils elsewhere.C.Conduct a more detailed search.D.Seek additional funds for the search.A.accurateB.conclusionC.directlyD.eitherE.evaluateF.explorationsG.flightsrgelyI.nearbyJ.respondK.slimL.spreadM.summit N.vividly O.vulnerablef e n b i.co mf e nb i.co mf e n b i.co mf e nb i.co mf e n b i.co mf e nb i.co mf e n b i.co mf e nb i.co m“rapid, long-distance connectivity on a massive scale.”[B] “The 18th century really was a waterborne (水运的) century, the 19th century a rail century, the 20th century a highway, car, truck century—and the 21st century will increasingly be an aviation century, as the globe becomes increasingly connected by air,” Kasarda says. Songdo, a city built from scratch in South Korea, is one of Kasarda's prime examples. It has existed for just a few years. “From the outset, it was designed on the basis of connectivity and competitiveness,” says Kasarda. “The government built the bridge directly from the airport to the Songdo International Business District. And the surface infrastructure was built at the same time as the new airport.”[C] Songdo is a stone's throw from South Korea's Incheon Airport, its main international hub (枢纽). But it takes a lot more than a nearby airport to be a city of the future. Just building a place as an “international business district” doesn't mean it will become one. Park Yeon Soo conceived (构想) this city of the future back in 1986. He considers Songdo his baby. “I am a visionary,” he says. Thirty years after he imagined the city, Park's baby is close to 70 percent built, with 36,000 people living in the business district and 90,000 residents in greater Songdo. It's about an hour outside Seoul, built on former tidal flats along the Yellow Sea. There's a Coast Guard building and a tall trade tower, as well as a park, golf course and university.[D] Chances are you've actually seen this place. Songdo appears in the most famous music video ever to come out of South Korea. “Gangnam Style” refers to the fashionable Gangnam District in Seoul. But some of the video was filmed in Songdo. “I don't know if you remember, there was a scene in a subway station. That was not Gangnam. That was actually Songdo,” says Jung Won Son, a professor of urban development at London's Bartlett School of Planning. “Part of the reason to shoot there is that it's new and nice.”[E] The city was supposed to be a hub for global companies, with employees from all over the world. But that's not how it has turned out. Songdo's reputation is as a futuristic ghost town. But the reality is more complicated. A bridge with big, light-blue loops leads into the business district. In the center of the main road, there's a long line of flags of the world. On the corner, there's a Starbucks and a 7-Eleven—all of the international brands that you see all over the world nowadays.[F] The city is not empty. There are mothers pushing baby carriages, old women with walkers—even in the middle of the day, when it's 90 degrees out. Byun Young-Jin chairs the Songdo real estate association and started selling property here when the first phase of the city opened in 2005. He says demand has boomed in the past couple of years. Most of his clients are Korean. In fact, the developer says, 99 percent of the homes here are sold to Koreans. Young families move here because the schools are great. And that's the problem: Songdo has become a popular Korean city—more popular as a residential area than a business one. It's not yet the futuristic international business hub that planners imagined. “It's a great place to live. And it's becoming a great place to work,” says Scott Summers, vice president of Gale International, the developer of the city. The floor-to-ceiling windows of his company's offices overlook Songdo Central Park, with a canal full of small boats and people fishing. Shimmering (闪烁的) glass towers line the canal's edge.[G] “What's happened is that our focus on creating that quality of life first has enabled the residents to live here,” Summers says. But there needs to be strong economic incentives for companies to locate here. The city is still unfinished, and it feels a bit like a theme park. It doesn't feel all that futuristic. There's a high-tech underground trash disposal system. Buildings are environmentally friendly. Everybody's television set is connected to a system that streams personalized language or exercise classes.[H] But this is not Star Trek. And to some of the residents, Songdo feels hollow. “I'm, like, in prison for weekdays. That's what we call it in the workplace,” says a woman in her 20s. She doesn't want to use her name for fear of being fired from her job. She goes back to Seoul every weekend. “I say I'm prison-breaking on Friday nights.” But she has to make the prison break in her own car. There's no high-speed train connecting Songdo to Seoul, just over 20 miles away.f e n b i.co mf e nb i.co mf e n b i.co mf e nb i.co mf e n b i.co mf e nb i.co mf e n b i.co mf e nb i.co m[I] Park Yeon Soo, the man who first imagined Songdo, feels frustrated, too. He says he built South Korea a luxuryvehicle, “like Mercedes or BMW. It's a good car now. But we're waiting for a good driver to accelerate.” But there are lots of other good cars out there, too. The world is dotted with futuristic, high-tech cities trying to attract the biggest international companies.[J] Songdo's backers contend that it's still early, and business space is filling up—about 70 percent of finished offices are now occupied. Brent Ryan, who teaches urban design at MIT, says Songdo proves a universal principle. “There have been a lot of utopian (乌托邦的) cities in history. And the reason we don't know about a lot of them is that they have vanished entirely.” In other words, when it comes to cities—or anything else—it is hard to predict the future.36.Songdo's popularity lies more in its quality of life than its business attraction.37.The man who conceived Songdo feels disappointed because it has fallen short of his expectations.38.A scene in a popular South Korean music video was shot in Songdo.39.Songdo still lacks the financial stimulus for businesses to set up shop there.40.Airplanes will increasingly become the chief means of transportation, according to a professor.41.Songdo has ended up different from the city it was supposed to be.42.Some of the people who work in Songdo complain about boredom in the workplace.43.A business professor says that a future city should have easy access to international transportation.44.According to an urban design professor, it is difficult for city designers to foresee what will happen in the future.45.Park Yeon Soo, who envisioned Songdo, feels a parental connection with the city.The fifth largest city in US passed a significant soda tax proposal that will levy (征税) 1.5 cents per liquid ounce on distributors.Philadelphia's new measure was approved by a 13 to 4 city council vote. It sets a new bar for similar initiatives across the country. It is proof that taxes on sugary drinks can win substantial support outside super-liberal areas.Until now, the only city to successfully pass and implement a soda tax was Berkeley, California, in 2014.The tax will apply to regular and diet sodas, as well as other drinks with added sugar, such as Gatorade and iced teas. It's expected to raise $410 million over the next five years, most of which will go toward funding a universal pre-kindergarten program for the city.While the city council vote was met with applause inside the council room, opponents to the measure, including soda lobbyists, made sharp criticisms and a promise to challenge the tax in court."The tax passed today unfairly singles out beverages—including low- and no-calorie choices," said Lauren Kane, spokeswoman for the American Beverage Association. "But most importantly, it is against the law. So we will side with the majority of the people of Philadelphia who oppose this tax and take legal action to stop it."An industry-backed anti-tax campaign has spent at least $4 million on advertisements. The ads criticized the measure, characterizing it as a "grocery tax".Public health groups applauded the approved tax as a step toward fixing certain lasting health issues that plague Americans. "The move to recapture a small part of the profits from an industry that pushed a product that contributes to diabetes, obesity and heart disease in poorer communities in order to reinvest in those communities will sure bef e n b i .c o m f e nbi .c o m f e n b i .c o m f e n b i .c o m f e n b i .c o m f e nb i .c o m f e n b i .c o m f e nb i .c o m inspirational to many other places," said Jim Krieger, executive director of Healthy Food America. "Indeed, we are already hearing from some of them. It's not 'just Berkeley' anymore."Similar measures in California's Albany, Oakland, San Francisco and Colorado's Boulder are becoming hot-button issues. Health advocacy groups have hinted that even more might be coming.46.What does the passage say about the newly-approved soda tax in Philadephia?A.It will change the lifestyle of many consumers.B.It may encourage other US cities to follow suit.C.It will cut soda consumption among low-income communities.D.It may influence the marking strategies of the soda business.47.What will the opponents probably do to respond to the soda tax proposal?48.What did the industry-backed anti-tax campaign do about the soda tax proposal?49.What did public health groups think the soda tax would do?50.What do we learn about similar measures concerning the soda tax in some other cities?A.They are becoming rather sensitive issues.B.They are spreading panic in the soda industry.C.They are reducing the incidence of sugar-induced diseases.D.They are taking away a lot of profit from the soda industry.Popping food into the microwave for a couple of minutes may seem utterly harmless, but Europe's stock of these quick-cooking ovens emit as much carbon as nearly 7 million cars, a new study has found. And the problem is growing. With costs falling and kitchen appliances becoming "status" items, owners are throwing away microwaves after an average of eight years. This is pushing sales of new microwaves which are expected to reach 135 million annually in the EU by the end of the decade.A study by the University of Manchester worked out the emissions of carbon dioxide—the main greenhouse gasresponsible for climate change—at every stage of microwaves, from manufacture to waste disposal. "It is electricityconsumption by microwaves that has the biggest impact on the environment," say the authors. The authors also calculate that the emissions from using 19 microwaves over a year are the same as those from using a car. According to the same study, efforts to reduce consumption should focus on improving consumer awareness and behaviour touse appliances more efficiently. For example, electricity consumption by microwaves can be reduced by adjusting the time of cooking to the type of food.However, David Reay, professor of carbon management, argues that, although microwaves use a great deal of energy, their emissions are minor compared to those from cars. In the UK alone, there are around 30 million cars.These cars emit more than all the microwaves in the EU. Backing this up, recent data show that passenger cars in the UK emitted 69 million tons of CO2 in 2015. This is 10 times the amount this new microwave oven study estimates for annual emissions for all the microwave ovens in the whole of the EU. Further, the energy used by microwaves islower than any other form of cooking. Among common kitchen appliances used for cooking, microwaves are themost energy efficient, followed by a stove and finally a standard oven. Thus, rising microwave sales could be seen as A.Bargain with the city council. B.Refuse to pay additional tax.C.Take legal action against it.D.Try to win public support.A.It tried to arouse hostile feelings among consumers.B.It tried to win grocers’ support against the measure.C.It kept sending letters of protest to the media.D.It criticized the measure through advertising.A.Alert people to the risk of sugar-induced diseases. B.Help people to fix certain long-time health issues.C.Add to the fund for their research on diseases.D.Benefit low-income people across the country.f e n b i .c o m f e nbi .c o m f e nbi .c o m f e nbi .c o m f e n b i .c o m f e nb i .c o m f en b i .c o m f e nb i .c o m a positive thing.51.What is the finding of the new study ？A.Quick-cooking microwave ovens have become more popular.B.The frequent use of microwaves may do harm to our health.C.CO emissions constitute a major threat to the environment.D.The use of microwaves emits more CO than people think.52. Why are the sales of microwaves expected to rise?A.They are becoming more affordable.B.They have a shorter life cycle than other appliances.C.They are getting much easier to operate.D.They take less time to cook than other appliances.53.What recommendation does the study by the University of Manchester make ？54.What does professor David Reay try to argue ？A.There are far more emissions from cars than from microwaves.B.People should be persuaded into using passenger cars less often.C.The UK produces less CO2 than many other countries in the EU.D.More data are needed to show whether microwaves are harmful.55.What does professor David Reay think of the use of microwaves ？A.It will become less popular in the coming decades.B.It makes every day cooking much more convenient.C.It plays a positive role in environmental protection.D.It consumes more power than conventional cooking.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.中国家庭十分重视孩子的教育。
2023年12月英语四级真题2
2023年12月大学英语四级考试试题Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes)注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Creating a Green Campus. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:1. 建设绿色校园很重要2. 绿色校园不仅指绿色旳环境……3. 为了建设绿色校园，我们应当……Creating a Green CampusPart Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For question 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Colleges taking another look at value of merit-based aidGood grades and high tests scores still matter—a lot—to many colleges as they award financial aid.But with low-income students projected to make up an ever-larger share of the college-bound population in coming years, some schools are re-examining whether that aid, typically known as“merit aid”, is the most effective use of precious institutional dollars.George Washington University in Washington, D.C., for example, said last week that it would cut the value of its average merit scholarships by about one-third and reduce the number of recipients(接受者), pouring the savings, about $2.5 million, into need-based aid. Allegheny College in Meadville, Pa., made a similar decision three years ago.Now, Hamilton College in Clinton, N.Y., says it will phase out merit scholarships altogether. No current merit-aid recipients will lose their scholarships, but need-based aid alone will be awarded beginning with students entering in fall 2023.Not all colleges offer merit aid; generally, the more selective a school, the less likely it is to do so. Harvard and Princeton, for example, offer generous need-based packages, but many families who don’t meet need eligibility(资格)have been willing to pay whatever they must for a big-name school.For small regional colleges that struggle just to fill seats, merit aid can be an important revenue-builder because many recipients still pay enough tuition dollars over and above the scholarship amount to keep the institution running.But for rankings-conscious schools in between, merit aid has served primarily as a tool to recruit top students and to improve their academic profits. “They’re trying to buy students,”says Skidmore College economist Sandy Baum.Studies show merit aid also tends to benefit disproportionately s tudents who could afford to enroll without it.“As we look to the future, we see a more pressing need to invest in need-based aid,” says Monica Inzer, dean of admission and financial aid at Hamilton, which has offered merit scholarships for 10 years. During that time, it rose in US News & World Repor t’s ranking of the best liberal arts colleges, from 25 to 17.Merit aid, which benefited about 75 students a year, or about 4% of its student body, at a cost of about $ 1 million a year, “served us well,” Inzer says, but “to be discounting the price for families that don’t need financial aid doesn’t feel right any more.”Need-based aid remains by far the largest share of all student aid, which includes state, federal and institutional grants. But merit aid, offered primarily by schools and states, is growing faster, both overall and at the institutional level.Between 1995-96 and 2023-04, institutional merit aid alone increased 212%, compared with 47% for need-based grants. At least 15 states also offer merit aid, typically in a bid to enroll top students in the state’s public institutions.But in recent years, a growing chorus(异口同声)of critics has begun pressuring schools to drop the practice. Recent decisions by Hamilton and others may be “a sign that people are starting to realize that there’s this destructive competition going on,” says Baum, co-author of a recent College Report that raises concerns about the role of institutional aid not based on need.David Laird, president of the Minnesota Private College Council, says many of his schools would like to reduce their merit aid but fear that in doing so, they would lose top students to their competitors.“No one can take one-sided action,”says Laird, who is exploring whether to seek an exemption(豁免)from federal anti-trust laws so member colleges can discuss how they could jointly reduce merit aid, “This is a merry-go-round that’s going very fast, and none of the institutions believe they can sustain the risks of trying to break away by themselves.”A complicating factor is that merit aid has become so popular with middle-income families, who don’t qualify for need-based aid, that many have come to depend on it. And, as tuitions continue to increase, the line between merit and need blurs.That’s one reason Allegheny College doesn’t plan to drop merit aid entirely.“We still believe in rewarding superior achievements and know that these top students truly value the scholarship,” says Scott Friedhoff, Allegheny’s vice president for enrollment.Emory University in Atlanta, which boasts a $4.7 billion endowment(捐赠), meanwhile, is taking another approach. This year, it announced it would eliminate loans for needy students and cap them for middle-income families. At the same time, it would expand its 28-year-old merit program.“Yeah, we’re playing the merit game,” acknowledges Tom Lancaster, associate dean for undergraduate education. But it has its strong point, too, he says. “The fact of the matter is, it’s not just about the lowest-income people. It’s the average American middle-class family who’s being priced out of the market.”*A few words about merit-based aid:Merit-based aid is aid offered to students who achieve excellence in a given area, and isgenerally known as academic, athletic and artistic merit scholarships.Academic merit scholarships are based on students’grades, GPA and overall academic performance during high school. They are typically meant for students going straight to college right after high school. However, there are scholarships for current college students with exceptional grades as well. These merit scholarships usually help students pay tuition bills, and they can be renewed each year as long as the recipients continue to qualify. In some cases, students may need to be recommended by their school or a teacher as part of the qualification process.Athletic merit scholarships are meant for students that excel(突出)in sports of any kind, from football to track and field events. Recommendation for these scholarships is required, since exceptional athletic performance has to be recognized by a coach or a referee(裁判). Applicants need to send in a tape containing their best performance.Artistic merit scholarships require that applicants excel in a given artistic area. This generally includes any creative field such as art, design, fashion, music, dance or writing. Applying for artistic merit scholarships usually requires that students submit a portfolio(选辑)of some sort, whether that includes a collection of artwork, a recording of a musical performance or a video of them dancing.1. With more and more low-income students pursuing higher education, a number of colleges are ________.A) offering students more merit-based aid B) revising their financial aid policiesC) increasing the amount of financial aid D) changing their admission processes2. What did Allegheny College in Meadville do three years ago?A) It tried to implement a novel financial aid program.B) It added $ 2.5 million to its need-based aid program.C) It phased out its merit-based scholarships altogether.D) It cuts its merit-based aid to help the needy students.3. The chief purpose of rankings-conscious colleges in offering merit aid is to ______.A) improve teaching quality B) boost their enrollmentsC) attract good students D) increase their revenues4. Monica Inzer, dean of admission and financial aid at Hamilton, believes ______.A) it doesn’t pay to spend $ 1 million a year to raise its rankingB) it gives students motivation to award academic achievementsC) it’s illogical to use so much money on only 4% of its studentsD) it’s not right to give aid to those who can afford the tuition5. In recent years, merit-based aid has increased much faster than need-based aid due to ______.A) more government funding to colleges B) fierce competition among institutionsC) the increasing number of top students D) schools’ improved financial situations6. What is the attitude of many private colleges toward merit aid, according to David Laird?A) They would like to see it reduced.B) They regard it as a necessary evil.C) They think it does more harm than good.D) They consider it unfair to middle-class families.7. Why doesn’t Allegheny College plan to drop merit aid entirely?A) Raising tuitions have made college unaffordable for middle-class families.B) With rising incomes, fewer students are applying for need-based aid.C) Many students from middle-income families have come to rely on it.D) Rising incomes have disqualified many students for need-based aid.8. Annual renewal of academic merit scholarships depends on whether the recipients remain ______.9. Applicants for athletic merit scholarships need a recommendation from a coach or a referee who ______ their exceptional athletic performance.10. Applicants for artistic merit scholarships must produce evidence to show their ______ ina particular artistic fieldPart Ⅲ Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause.During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which the best answer is. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.11. A) Get some small change. B) Find a shopping center.C) Cash a check at a bank. D) Find a parking meter.12. A) Shopping with his son. B) Buying a gift for a child.C) Promoting a new product. D) Bargaining with a salesgirl.13. A) Taking photographs. B) Enhancing images.C) Mending cameras. D) Painting pictures.14. A) He moved to Baltimore when he was young.B) He can provide little useful information.C) He will show the woman around Baltimore.D) He will ask someone else to help the woman.15. A) He is rather disappointed. B) He is highly ambitious.C) He can’t face up to the situation D) He knows his own limitation.16. A) She must have paid a lot B) She is known to have a terrific figure.C) Her gym exercise has yielded good results.D) Her effort to keep fit is really praiseworthy.17. A) Female students are unfit for studying physics.B) He can serve as the woman’s tutor.C) Physics is an important course at school.D) The professor’s suggestion is constructive.18. A) Indifferent. B) Doubtful. C) Pleased. D) Surprised.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) He prefers the smaller evening classes. B) He has signed up for a day course.C) He has to work during the day. D) He finds the evening course cheaper.20. A) Learn a computer language. B) Learn data processing.C) Buy some computer software. D) Buy a few coursebooks.21. A) Thursday evening, from 7:00 to 9:45. B) From September 1 to New Year’s eve.C) Every Monday, lasting for 12 weeks. D) Three hours a week, 45 hours in total.22. A) What to bring for registration. B) Where to attend the class.C) How he can get to Frost Hall. D) Whether he can use a check.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A) A training coach. B) A trading adviser.C) A professional manager. D) A financial trader.24. A) He can save on living expenses. B) He considers cooking creative.C) He can enjoy healthier food. D) He thinks take-away is tasteless.25. A) It is something inevitable. B) It is frustrating sometimes.C) It takes patience to manage. D) It can be a good thing.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) There were no planets without moons. B) There was no air or water on Jupiter.C) Life was not possible in outer space. D) The mystery of life could not be resolved.27. A) It has a number of active volcanoes. B) It has an atmosphere like the earth’s.C) It has a large ocean under its surface. D) It has deep caves several miles long.28. A) Light is not an essential element to it. B) Life can form in very hot temperatures.C) Every form of life undergoes evolution. D) Oxygen is not needed for some life forms. Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. A) Whether they should take the child home.B) What Dr. Mayer’s instructions exactly were.C) Who should take care of the child at home.D) When the child would completely recover.30. A) She encourages them to ask questions when in doubt.B) She makes them write down all her instructions.C) She has them act out what they are to do at home.D) She asks them to repeat what they are supposed to do.31. A) It lacks the stability of the printed word. B) It contains many grammatical errors.C) It is heavily dependent on the context. D) It facilitates interpersonal communication.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32. A) Job security. B) Good labour relations.C) Challenging work. D) Attractive wages and benefits.33. A) Many tedious jobs continue to be done manually.B) More and more unskilled workers will lose jobs.C) Computers will change the nature of many jobs.D) Boring jobs will gradually be made enjoyable.34. A) Offer them chances of promotion.B) Improve their working conditions.C) Encourage them to compete with each other.D) Give them responsibilities as part of a team.35. A) They will not bring real benefits to the staff.B) They concern a small number of people only.C) They are arbitrarily set by the administrators.D) They are beyond the control of ordinary workers.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.注意：此部分试题在答题卡2上。
七年级英语12月月考试题 2
第二十二中学2021-2021学年七年级英语12月月考试题考试内容：Unit5-7；满分是100 分得分_____________I. 单项选择：〔1*15〕1．I don’t like fruits. I like to have_____ egg for dinner.A. aB. anC. someD. /2．I like ____and _____.A. apples, riceB. apples, ricesC. apple, ricesD. apple, rice3．I want ____ the supermarket with my sister this afternoon.A. goB. goingC. goesD. to go4．---I want some apples.---OK. .A. Here it isB. Here you areC. Give youD. You’re welcome 5．— Does Helen like__________?—Yes. She likes eating apples, pears and bananas.A. vegetablesB. sportsC. fruitD. clothes6．---You look very cool today, Simon .---___________________A. Really? Thank you.B. Oh, I d on’t think so .C. No, I’m not cool at all.D. The same to you.7．Let’s _________ now.A. go to homeB. to go homeC. go homeD. to go to8．--- What can I do for you, Madam?--- I'd like two_______.A. glass of milksB. glasses of milkC. glass of milkD. glasses of milks9．---My trousers _______ green.---But this pair of trousers_________ black.A. is; isB. are; areC. is; areD. are; is10．I’m not good at playing ________ piano, but I can play ________ voll eyball very well.A. /; /B. the; theC. the; /D. /; the11．—Who is that young man ___ _?—He’s Jack, my brother.A. in blueB. on blueC. in the blueD. on the blue12．You can buy socks _______ girls _______ only five dollars each.A. to; toB. for; toC. for; forD. to; for13．--- Let’s play tennis.---_______.I don’t like it.A. That sounds goodB. That sounds boringC. That sounds interestingD. That sounds relaxing14．---How much are these shoes? ---________ twenty dollars.A. It’sB. There areC. They’reD. Their is15．We often play soccer _____ school _____our friends.A. at, withB. at, andC. in, andD. for, withII. 完型填空〔1*10〕Bill is my friend. He has a happy 16 . His father works 17 a hospital () in Beijing. He usually 18 two eggs and a glass of milk 19 breakfast and then goes to work by car. His mother is an English 20 in our school.For breakfast, She usually eats some 21 . Her English class is very 22 ,So we all love her. Bill is also my classmate. He eats a hamburger and two bananasfor breakfast. He likes ice-cream very much. 23 his mother doesn’t want himto eat it. She says it is not 24 . And he can be very 25 if(假如 ) he eatsa lot.16．A. map B. family C. photo D. room17．A. in B. on C. to D. of18．A. eats B. drinks C. has D. sees19．A. at B. for C. in D. of20．A. teacher B. student C. worker D. doctor21．A. apple B. milk C. bread D. hamburger22．A. boring B. interesting C. difficult D. fat23．A. For B. And C. So D. But24．A. happy B. healthy C. easy D. great25．A. fat B. boring C. fun D. thinIII. 阅读理解〔2*15〕(A)Tony and Anna are brother and sister. They are Americans. Tony likes sports very much. He can play football, basketball and volleyball. Anna likes music very much. She can’t play ball games. But they both like playing games on computers.They like eggs, bread and milk for breakfast. For lunch, Anna likes eating vegetables and fruit, but Tony likes chicken and fish. They both like hamburgers. But they don’t like ice cream or cheese.26．Anna is Tony’s and they are .A. sister; ChineseB. sister; AmericansC. friend; AmericansD. brother; Americans27．Tony likes and he can play .A. sports; gamesB. music; basketballC. sports; volleyballD. sports; tennis28．Tony and Anna both like .A. vegetablesB. footballC. playing gamesD. ice cream29．For breakfast, they like .A. eggs, bread and milkB. ice cream or cheeseC. chicken and fishD. vegetables and fruit30．They don’t like _______ or .A. ice cream; vegetablesB. ice cream; cheeseC. chicken; fishD. hamburgers; cheese(B)观察表格，完成以下各小题。
2020年12月英语四级考试答案(卷二完整版)
2020年12月英语四级考试答案（卷二完整版）2020年12月英语四级考试答案（卷二完整版）提示：考试采取"多题多卷"模式，试题顺序不统一，请依据试题实行核对。
Part I Writing1.【题干】Directions： For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying "Learning is a daily experience and a lifetime mission." You can cite examples to illustrate the importance of lifelong learning. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.【答案】Undoubtedly, learning is a daily experience and lifetime mission. For instance, Madam Curie, who conducted pioneering research on radioactivity and became the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, was known for her persistence in learning.Several reasons, both social and individual, could account for the importance of constant learning. Firstly, in an age of ruthless and relentless competition, only by learning constantly can we bring our potential and ability into full play and catch up with the times. Secondly, learning does not only help us acquire knowledge, but also enriches our lives and broadens our horizons. Thirdly, science and technology change with each passing day. Without constant learning, it would be impossible for us to update our knowledge.Accordingly, it is constant learning that really matters in achieving success in modern society. In my humble opinion, it is high time that parents and teachers made joint efforts to encourage children to read more books instead of playing computer games all day.Part II Listening ComprehensionSection A2.【题干】Question 1【答案】B3.【题干】Question 2【答案】A4.【题干】Question 3【答案】C5.【题干】Question 4【答案】D6.【题干】Question 5【答案】B7.【题干】Question 6【答案】A8.【题干】Question 7【答案】D9.【题干】Question 8【答案】D10.【题干】Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.Question 9【答案】B11.【题干】Question 10【答案】C12.【题干】Question 11【答案】A13.【题干】Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.Question 12【答案】C14.【题干】Question 13【答案】B15.【题干】Question 14【答案】D16.【题干】Question 15【答案】CSection B17.【题干】Passage OneQuestion 16。
2022年12月山东济南市历下、槐荫区事业单位考试精选真题 (2)
2022年12月山东济南市历下、槐荫区事业单位考试精选真题2022年12月山东济南市历下、槐荫区事业单位考试精选真题在此发布。
（本套2022年12月山东济南市历下、槐荫区事业单位考试精选真题来自考生回忆，由我整理。
下载PDF打印版含参考答案，查看答案解析请下载。
2022年12月山东济南市历下、槐荫区事业单位考试精选真题一、单项选择题。
每小题后的四个备选答案中只有一个最符合题意的答案。
1、2022年10月19日，首届跨国公司领导人峰会在）召开，国家主席习近平致贺信，在中国改革开放40多年的历史进程中，跨国公司作为重要参加者、见证者、受益者，发挥了乐观作用。
A、青岛B、济南C、杭州D、上海2、在2022年国际宇航大会上，）院士获得2022年度国际宇航联合会“名人堂”奖，为中国空间技术进展做出了重要贡献。
A、宋文B、杨伟C、黄旭华D、戚发轫3、2022年10月16日，山东国际友城合作进展大会在济南开幕。
通过友城合作，架起一座座友情之桥，増进了感情和友情，促进了文化文明交融，实现了经济进展共赢，推动了民生事业共享，结出累累硕果。
我省第一国际友城是指）。
A、日（本下关市B、日（本和歌山县C、朝鲜黄海南道D、韩国全罗北道4、2022年8月8日上午，联合国刚果金）稳定特派团联刚稳定团）政治事务主管迪吉纳多检阅中国维和部队。
中国第22批赴刚果金）维和部队218名官兵被授予）。
A、“和平荣誉勋章”B、“友情勋章C、“国家勋章D、“共和国勋章5、2022年7月16日，在国务院新闻办进行的新中国成立70周年山东专场新闻发布会上提到，山东要在全面建成小康社会进程中走在前列，在社会主义现代化建设新征程中）新时代现代化强省建设新局面。
A、大强美富通B、新时代新动能新山东C、走在前列、全面开创D、新技术新产业新业态新模式6、2022年9月，习近平总书记出席北京大兴国际机场投运仪式，充分体现了中国共产党领导和我国社会主义制度能够）的政治优势。
2012月12月四级考试真题(第二套)作文及听力答案解析
2012年12月四级考试真题（第二套）作文及听力答案解析Part I WritingPart III Listening Comprehension Section A11. W: I just heard about a really beautiful park in theeast end of the town. There are a lot of rosesin bloom.M: Why don’t we walk over there and see for ourselves?Q: What will the speakers probably do? 11.【听前预测】选项描述的都是人的行为动作，由重复出现的to the park推测，本题可能考查去公园做某事。
【解析】选D)。
对话中女士说城市东头有一座漂亮的公园，很多玫瑰花正盛开，男士回答：“我们为什么不走过去欣赏一下呢”。
由此可知，男士和女士将去公园赏花，故答案为D)。
Why don’t we…?是提建议的常用句式。
12. M: My presentation is scheduled for 9:30tomorrow morning at the lecture hall. I hopeto see you there.W: Oh, sorry. I was about to tell you that I have an appointment with my dentist at 9:00o’clock tomorrow.Q: What do we learn about the woman? 12.【听前预测】选项中的talk和presentation提示，对话与演讲有关。
选项均以She开头，结合She is going to meet the man推测，本题考查的是女士的情况，女士的话为听音重点。
【解析】选C)。
12月英语六级考试真题答案(优秀2篇)
12月英语六级考试真题答案（优秀2篇）12月英语六级真题答案篇一【题目】Directions: Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on innovation. Your essay should include the importance of innovation and measures to be taken to encourage innovation.You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.【参考范文】It is universally acknowledged that innovation refers to being creative, unique and different. In fact, today it is impossibly difficult for us to image a 21st century without innovation.We should place a high value on innovation firstly because innovative spirit can enable an individual to ameliorate himself, so he can be equipped with capacity to see what others cannot see, be qualified for future career promotion, and be ready for meeting the forthcoming challenges. What’s more, we ought to attach importance to the role played by inn（)ovation in economic advancement. Put it another way, in this ever-changing world, innovation to economic growth is what water is to fish. To sum up, if innovation misses our attention in any possible way, we will suffer a great loss beyond imagination.In order to encourage innovation, it is wise for us to take some feasible measures. For example, mass media should greatly publicize the significance of creative spirit and encourage the public to cultivate awareness of innovation. Besides, those who manage to innovate should be awarded generous prize. Though there is a long way ahead to go, I am firmly certain that the shared efforts will be paid off.Section A Conversation1、[C] It links the science of climate change to economic and policy issues.2、[B] It would be more costly to deal with its consequences than to avoid it.3、[A] The transition to low-carbon energy systems.4、[C] Plan well in advance.5、[B] What determines success.6、[D] It means being good at seizing opportunities.7、[D] Practice is essential to becoming good at something.8、[C] Being passionate about work can make one wealthy.Section B Passage9、[A] To stump of a giant tree.10、[B] Wind and water.11、[D] It was created by supernatural powers.12、[C] By lifting them well above the ground.13、[A] They will buy something from the convenience stores.14、[A] They can bring only temporary pleasures.15、[D] Small daily savings an make a big difference in one‘s life.Section C Lecture16、[B] They are necessary in our lives.17、[B] They feel too overwhelmed to deal with life#39;s problem.18、[A] They expand our mind.19、[B] It came from a 3D printer.20、[C] When she was studying at a fashion design school.21、[C] It was hard and breakable.22、[D] It marks a breakthrough in printing material.23、[A] They arise from the advances in technology.24、[D] It is intensively competitive.25、[D] Sharing of costs with each other.Section A26、[O] vanished27、[M] undergone28、[D] expanding29、[K] survived30、[H] process31、[L] terminals32、[E] industrialized33、[F] perceived34、[B] conveniences35、[G] practiceSection BCountries Rush for Upper Hand in Antarctica36、[J]37、[C]38、[E]39、[G]40、[D]41、[I]42、[B]43、[H]44。
七年级英语12月月考试题试题 2_1
2021-2021学年七年级英语12月月考试题本卷贰O贰贰年贰月捌日编写；出题人：令狐学复；欧阳化语；令狐理总。
unit 5-7单元测试题一快乐学习〔一共15小题，计15分〕B 语言知识从ABCD 中选出正确之答案1. Mary is not very healthy,___ she has one healthy habit.A andB althoughC because2. It is _____ to work out this problem.A. enough easyB. enough easilyC. easy enough3. I don’t like apples _____pears.A. andB. orC. with4. My sister is getting fatter and fatter. she should eat ___food and___ exercise.A. less, lessB. less, moreC. more, less5 I think her book is newer than ____A. mine B . my C. me6.1. Peter is ______ because he hardly ever exercises.A. unhealthyB. happyC. healthy7.Are you good _______ kids? We need a teacher.A. toB. forC. with8._______ do you swimming ?- Hardly ever.A. How oftenB. How longC. How many9.Tara seldom talks loudly .she is ________ quieter than Molly .A. tooB. moreC. much10.Kate is ________ of the two beautiful girls.A..more outgoingB. outgoingC. the more outgoing11. .My father doesn’t like movie. He _____ goes to the movies.A .hardly ever B. usually C. once a week12. Liu Ying is not ________ good at sports ___________ her sister.A .so; as B. a little as, as; so13. Tom and Mary ______________ black eyes.A. have bothB. both haveC. both has14.It is sunny. What ________ weather!A. a goodB. an awfulC. great15. We were wet because we forgot _______ an umbrella.A．bring B. to bring C. bringing二、阅读理解：〔一共20 小题，计25分〕AHost: Hello, everyone! Welcome to Happy Evening. I am Joy Smith. This evening, we are talking to Liu Qian , a popular magician (魔术师)from Taiwan. Welcome to our show, Liu Qian .Liu Qian: Thanks a lot.Host: When is your birthday?Liu Qian: June 25th.Host: When did you start to learn magic?Liu Qian: When I was 7 years old.Host: Who’s your favorite actor?Liu Qian: Andy Lau.Host: What are your hobbies (爱好)?Liu Qian: Going to the movies and listening to music.Host: Who are your good friends on the mainland(大陆)?Liu Qian: He jie and Fan Bing bing.……16. What’s the name of the host?A. Happy Evening.B. Joy Smith.C. Liu Qian.17. Where is the magician from?A. Shanghai.B. Taiwan.C. Beijing.18. When did the magician learn to magic?A. Last June.B. 25 years ago.C. When he was 7.19. What hobbies did the magician have？A. Watching TV.B. Playing football.C. Listening to music.20. _____________are the Magician’s good friends on the mainland .A. He jie and Jackie ChanB. He jie and Fan Bing bingC. Fan bing bing and Dong QingB21.The babysitter will work ______ hours from Monday to Friday altogether(总一共).A. 6B.10C.1522.The babysitter will usually(通常地)work ______.A. in the morningB. in the afternoonC. in the evening23.The babysitter will get ______for working on Monday only .A. ￡4B. ￡8C. ￡1224.What is not the babysitter’s job?A. Cleaning the child’s houseB. Playing games with the childC. Reading books to the child25. Which of the following is true(正确的)?A. The pay every hour is more at the weekendB. If you want to get the job, you must call Ms. WhiteC. The babysitter must work 6 hours a weekCI’m Tim. My best friends are Tony and Mary. We often do many things together. Tony lives next to my home and we are in the same class. He is thirteen years old and tall and of medium build. He has curly hair and blue eyes. He’s good-looking and very clever. He’s good at math and often helps me with my homework. He likes wearing black pants and yellow T-shirts.Mary doesn’t go to my school. She’s eleven years old. She is thin and of medium height. She has curly blonde hair and her eyes are brown. She is good-looking, too, but a little bit shy. She is good at playing the guitar. Her favorite subject at school is music. She often teaches Tony and me to play the guitar after class.The three of us have great fun together, and we help each other and sometimes play video games at my house.根据短文内容判断以下句子的正〔A〕误〔B〕26. They play baseball together .27. Tony’ s eyes are blue.28. I’m go od at math29. Mary is good-looking ,but a little shy.30. They play video games at Tim’s house.DLong, long ago there lived an old man. He had a very big orange tree in his garden. On the tree there were many fine oranges.One day the old man found one of the oranges was bigger than the others. It was as big as a watermelon. So he took the big orange to the king. The king was very happy and gave the old man a lot of money for it.When a rich man heard of this, he said to himself, "It is only an orange. Why did the king give him so much money? If I take my gold cup to the king, he will give me much more money for it."The next day when the king got the gold cup, he said to the rich man, "What a beautiful cup! I'll give you something for it. Please take the great orange."根据短文内容答复以下问题。
12月英语四级真题及答案(第二套) 2
2013.12 英语四级考试真题试卷（第二套）之马矢奏春创作Part I Writing(30 minutes)听力音频地址：Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief accountof the increasing use of the mobile phone in people'slife and then explain the consequences of overusing it. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上1. A) Go to a place he has visited.B) Make her own arrangements.C) Consult a travel agent.D) Join in a package tour.2. A) They are on a long trip by car.B) They are stuck ina traffic jam.C) They are used to getting up early.D) They are tired of eating out at night.3. A) He is a person difficult to deal with.B) He dislikes any formal gathering.C) He is unwilling to speak in public.D) He often keeps a distance from others.4. A) Work in another department.B) Pursue further education.C) Recruit graduate students.D) Take an administrative job.5. A) He would not be available to start the job in time.B) He is not quite qualified for the art director position.C) He would like to leave some more time for himself.D) He will get his application letter ready before May 1.6. A) Cleaner. B) Mechanic. C) Porter. D) Salesman.7. A) Request one or two roommates to do the cleaning.B) Help Laura with her term paper due this weekend.C) Get Laura to clean the apartment herself this time.D) Ask Laura to put off the cleaning until another week.8. A) A problem caused by the construction.B) An accident that occurred on the bridge.C) The building project they are workingD) The public transportation conditions. Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 9. A) To look for a job as a salesperson.B) To have a talk with Miss Thompson.C) To place an orderfor some products.D) To complain about a faulty appliance.10. A) The person in charge is not in the office.B) The supplies are out of stock for the moment.C) They failed to reach an agreement on the price.D) The company is re-cataloguing the items.11. A) 0743, 12536 extension 15.B) 0734, 21653 extension 51.C) 0734, 38750 extension 15.D) 0743, 62135 extension 51.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 12. A) Since he found a girlfriend.B) Since he took to heavy smoking.C) Since he began to exercise regularly.D) Since he started to live on his own.13. A) He is getting too fat.B) He smokes too much.C) He doesn't eat vegetables.D) He doesn't look well at all. 14. A) They are overweight for their age.B) They are respectful to their parents.C) They are still in their early twenties.D) They dislike doing physical exercise.15. A) To quit smoking.B) To reduce his weight.C) To finda girlfriend.D) To follow her advice.Passage One Questions 16 to 19 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 16. A) They have destroyed several small towns.B) They will soon spread to San Francisco.C) They have injured many residents.D) They are burning out of control.17. A) They have been hospitalized.B) They have got skin problems.C) They were choked by the thick smoke.D) They were poisoned by the burning chemicals.18. A) It failed because of a sudden rocket explosion.B) It has been re-scheduled for a midday takeoff.C) It has been canceled due to technical problems.D) It was delayed for eleven hours and thirty minutes.19. A) They made frequent long-distance calls to each other.B) They illegally used government computers in New Jersey.C) They were found to be smarter than computer specialists.D) They were arrested for stealing government information.Passage TwoQuestions 20 to 22 are based on the passageyou have just heard.20. A) Peaceful.B) Considerate.C) Generous.D) Cooperative.21. A) Someone dumped the clothes left in the washer and dryer.B) Someone broke the washer and dryer by overloading them.C) Mindy Lance's laundry blocked the way to the laundry room.D) Mindy Lance threatened to take revenge on her neighbors.22. A) Asking the neighborhood committee for help.B.) Limiting the amount of laundry for each wash.C) Informing the building manager of the matter.D) Installing a few more washers and dryers.Passage ThreeQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.23. A) She is both a popular and highly respected author.B) She is the most loved African novelist of all times.C) She is the most influential author since the 1930's.D) She is the first writer to focus on the fate of slaves.24. A) The Book Critics Circle Award.B) The Nobel Prize for literature.C) The Pulitzer Prize for fiction.D) The National Book Award.25. A) She is a relative of Morrison's.B) She is a slave from Africa.C) She is a skilled storyteller.D) She is ablack woman.Many college students today own personal computers that cost anywhere from $1000 to perhaps $5000 or more. (26),it is not uncommon for them to purchase (27)costing another several hundred dollars. Twenty years ago, computers were (28), but they were very large and extremely expensive. Few, if any. (29)purchased computers for home use. Over the years, the price of the "guts" of a computer-its memory-has declined to less than a thousandth of the price per unit of memory thatprevailed twenty years ago. This is the main reason why computers cost so much less today than they used to. Moreover. (30)improvements have made it possible to (31) memory circuitry that is small enough to fit into the portable personal computers that many of us own anduse.(32), as the price of computation has declined the average consumer and business have spent more on purchasing computers.(33)improved agricultural technology,hybrid(杂交) seeds. (34)animal breeding, and so on have vastly increased the amount of output a typical farmer can produce. The prices of goods such as meats and grains have fallen sharply relative to the prices of most other goods and services. As agricultural prices have fallen, many households have decreased their total expenses on food. Even though the (35)of a product purchased generally increases when its price falls, total expenses on it may decline.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.To get a sense of how women have progressed in science, take a quick tour of the physics department at the University of California, Berkeley. This is a storied place, the(36)of some of the most important discoveries in modern science-starting with Ernest Lawrence's invention of the cyclotron (回旋加速器) in 1931. A generation ago, femalefaces were (37 )and, even today, visitors walking through the first floor of LeConte Hall will see a full corridor of exhibits (38)the many distinguished physicists who made history here. (39) all of them white males.But climb up to the third floor and you'll see a (40)display. There, among the photos of current faculty members and students, are portraits of the (41)head of the department, Marjorie Shapiro, and four other women whose research (42)everything from the mechanics of the universe to the smallest particles of matter. A sixth woman was hired just two weeks ago. Although they'restill only about 10 percent of the physics faculty, women are clearly a presence here. And the real (43)may be in the smaller photos to the right: graduate and undergraduate students, about 20 percent of them female. Every year Berkeley sends its fresh female physics PhDs to the country's top universities. That makes Shapiro optimistic, but also (44). "I believe things are getting better," she says, "but they're not getting better as (45)as I wouldlike."Is College a Worthy Investment?A) Why are we spending so much money on college? And why are we so unhappy about it? We all seem to agree that a college education is wonderful, and yet strangely we worry when we seefamilies investing so much in this supposedly essential good. Maybe it's time to ask a question that seems almost sacrilegious (大不敬的): is all this investment incollege education really worth it?B) The answer, I fear,is no. For an increasing number of kids, the extra time and money spent pursuing a college diploma will leavethem worse off than they were before they set foot on campus.C) For my entire adult life, a good education has been the most important thing for middle-class households. My parents spent more educating my sister and me thanthey spent on their house, and they're not the only ones... and, of course, for an increasing number of families, most of the cost of their house is actually the cost of living in a good school district. Questioning the value of a college education seems a bit like questioning the value of happiness, or fun.D) The average price ofall goods and services has risen about 50 percent. Butthe price of a college education has nearly doubled inthat time. Is the education that today's students are getting twice as good? Are new workers twice as smart? Have they become somehow massively more expensive to educate?E) Perhaps a bit. Richard Vedder, an Ohio University economics professor, says, "I look at the data, and I see college costs rising faster than inflation upto the mid-1980s by 1 percent a year. Now I see themrising 3 to 4 percent a year over inflation. What has happened? The federal government has started dropping money out of airplanes. " Aid has increased,subsidized(补贴的) loans have become available, and "the universities have gotten the money." Economist Bryan Caplan, who is writing a book about education, agrees:"It's a giant waste of resources that will continue aslong as the subsidies continue."F) Promotional literature for colleges and student loans often speaks of debt as an "investment in yourself." But an investment is supposed to generate income to pay off the loans. More than half of all recent graduates are unemployed or in jobs that do not require a degree, and the amount of student-loan debt carried by households has increased more than five times since 1999. These graduates were told that a diploma was all they needed to succeed, but it won't even get them out of the spare bedroom at Mom and Dad's. For many, the most visible result of their four years is the loan payments, which now average hundreds of dollars a month on loan balances in the tens of thousands.G) It's true about the money-sort of. College graduates now make 80 percent more than people who have only a high-school diploma, and though there are no precise estimates, the wage premium (高出的部分) for an outstanding school seems to be even higher. But that's not true of every student. It's very easy to spend four years majoring in English literature and come out no more employable than you were before you went in. Conversely, chemical engineers straight out of school can easily make almost four timesthe wages of an entry-level high-school graduate.H) James Heckman, the Nobel Prize-winning economist, has examined how the returns on education break down for individuals with different backgrounds and levels of ability. "Even with these high prices, you're still finding a highreturn for individuals who are bright and motivated," he says. On the other hand, "if you're not college ready, then the answer is no, it's not worth it." Experts tend to agree that for the average student, college is still worth it today, but they also agree that the rapid increase in price is eating up more and more of the potential return. For borderline students, tuition(学费) rise can push those returns into negative territory.I) Everyone seems to agree that the government, and parents, should be rethinking how we invest in higher education and that employers need to rethink the increasing use of college degrees as crude screening tools for jobs that don't really require college skills. "Employers seeing a surplus of college graduates and looking to fill jobs are just adding that requirement." says Vedder. "In fact, a college degree becomes a job requirement for becoming a bar-tender."J) We have started to see some change on thefinance side. A law passed in 2007 allows many students to cap their loan payment at 10 percent of their income and forgives any balance after 25 years. But of course, that doesn't control the cost of education! it justshifts it to taxpayers. It also encourages graduates to choose lower-paying careers, which reduces the financial return to education still further. "You're subsidizing people to become priests and poets and so forth," says Heckman. "You may think that's a good thing, or you may not." Either way it will be expensive for the government.K) What might be a lot cheaper is putting more kids to work. Caplan notes that work also builds valuable skills- probably more valuable for kids who don't naturally love sitting in a classroom. Heckman agrees wholeheartedly: "People are different, and thoseabilities can be shaped. That's what we've learned, and public policy should recognize that."L) Heckman wouldlike to see more apprenticeship-style(学徒式) programs, where kids can learn in the workplace-learn not just specific job skills, but the kind of "soft skills," like getting to work on time and getting along with a team- that are crucial for career success. "It's about havingmentors(指导者) and having workplace-based education," he says. "Time and again I've seen examples of this kind of program working."M) Ah, but how do we get there from here? With better public policy, hopefully, but also by making better individual decisions. "Historically markets have been able to handle these things," says Vedder. "and I think eventually markets will handle this one. If itdoesn't improve soon, people are going to wake up and ask, 'Why am I going to college?'"注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
2020年12月大学英语四级真题及答案完整版(第2套)
2020年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第2卷）PartⅠWriting（30minutes）Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to write a composition on the topic“Changes in the way of Transportation”.You should write at least120 words but no more than180words.With the social and economic development,our means of transportation have changed a lot over the last few decades,which has brought much convenience to our life.In the1970s and1980s,bicycles were the primary means of public transportation. Families that owned a bicycle were thought to be in relatively good economic conditions.Because of the implementation of the reform and opening policy,the economy and people’s living standards were improved a lot and travelling by private cars became more and more common in1990s and2000s.And thanks to the information technology,we can now enjoy bike-sharing service and online ride-hailing service which help to make our journey more economical and flexible.We have enough reason to believe that our way of transportation could be more and more economically friendly and intelligent.PartⅡListening Comprehension（25minutes）Section ADirections:In this section,you will hear three news reports.At the end of each new report,you will hear two or three questions.Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions1and2are based on the news report you have just heard.1.A)A deadly fish has been spotted in the Mediterranean waters.B)Invasive species are driving away certain native species.C)The Mediterranean is a natural habitat of Devil Firefish.D)Many people have been attacked by Devil Firefish.2.A)It could add to greenhouse emissions.B)It could disrupt the food chains there.C)It could pose a threat to other marine species.D)It could badly pollute the surrounding waters.1—2题答案：1.A 2.CQuestions3and4are based on the news report you have just heard.3.A)cars will not be allowed to enter the city.B)About half of its city center will be closed to cars.C)Buses will be the only vehicles allowed on its streets.D)Pedestrianswillhavefreeaccesstothecity.4.A)The rising air pollutionin Paris.B)The worsening global warming.C The ever-growing cost of petrol.D)The unbearable traffic noise.3—4题答案：3.B 4.AQuestions5to7are based on the news report you have just heard.5.A)Many of his possessions were stolen.B)His house was burnt down in a fire.C)His fishing boat got wrecked on a rock.D)His good luck charm sank into the sea.6.A)Change his fishing locations.B)Find a job in a travel agency.C)Spend a few nights on a small islandD)Sell the pearl he had kept for years7.A)A New Year museumB)The largest pearl in the world weighsC)His monstrous pearl was extremely valuable.D)His pearl could be displayed in a museum.5—7题答案：5.B 6.D7.CSection BDirections:In this section,you will hear two long conversations.At the end of each conversation,you will hear four questions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions8to11are based on the conversation you have just heard.8.A)It boasts a fairly long history.B)It produces construction materials.C)It has75offices around the world.D)It has over50business partners.9.A)It has about50employees.B)It was started by his father.C)It has a family business.D)It is over100years old.10.A)Shortage of raw material supply.B)Legal disputes in many countries.C)Outdated product design.D)Loss of competitive edge.11.A)Conducting a financial analysis for it.B)Providing training for its staff members.C)Seeking new ways to increase is exports.D)Introducing innovative marketing strategies.8—11题答案：8.A9.C10.D11.AQuestions12to15are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A)She is a real expert at house decorations.B)She is well informed about the design business.C)She is attracted by the color of the sitting room.D)She is really impressed by the man’s house.13.A)From his younger brother Greg.B)From home design magazines.C)From a construction businessman.D)From a professional interior designer.14.A)The effort was worthwhile.B)The style was fashionable.C)The cost was affordable.D)The eft was unexpected.15.A)She’d like him to talk with Jonathan about a new project.B)She wants him to share his renovation experience with herC)She wants to discuss the house decoration budget with him.D)She’d like to show him around her newly-renovated house.12—15题答案：12.D13.B14.C15.BSectionCDirections:In this section,you will hear three passages.At the end of each passage,you will hear three or four questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the your choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark he corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions16to18are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A)Providing routine care for small children.B)Paying hospital bills for emergency cases.C)Doing research on ear,nose and throat diseases.D)Removing objects from patients’noses and ears.17.A)Many children like to smell things they find or play with.B)Many children like to put foreign objects in their mouths.C)Five-to nine-year-olds are the mos likely to put things in their ears.D)Children aged one to four a often more curious than older children.18.A)They tend to act out of impulse.B)They want to attract attentions.C)They are unaware of the potential risks.D)They are curious about these body parts.16—18题答案：16.D17.C18.DQuestions19to21are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A)It paid for her English lessons.B)It gave her a used bicycle.C)It delivered her daily necessities.D)It provided her with physical therapy.20.A)Expanding bike-riding lessons.B)Asking local people for donations.C)Providing free public transport.D)Offering walking tours to visitors.21.A)It is a language school.B)It is a charity organization.C)It is a counseling center.D)It is a sports club.19—21题答案：19.B20.A21.BQuestions22to25are based on the passage you have just heard.22.A)How mice imitate human behavior a space.B)How low gravity affects the human body.C)How mice interact in a new environment.D)How animals deal with lack of gravity.23.A)They were not use to the low-gravity cnvironment.B)They found it difficult to figure out where they were.C)They found the space in the cage too small to stay in.D)They were not sensitive to the changed environment.24.A)They tried every thing possible to escape from the cage.B)They continued to behave as they did in the beginning.C)They already felt at home in the new environment.D)They had found a lot more activities to engage in.25.A)They repeated their activities every day.B)They behaved as if they were on Earth.C)They begin to eat less after some time.D)They changed their routines in space.22—25题答案：22.D23.A24.C25.BPartⅢReading Comprehension(40minutes)Section ADirection:In this section,there s a passage with ten blanks.you are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choices in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.When my son completes a task,I can’t help but praise him.It’s only natural to give praise where praise is due,right?But is there such a thing as too much praise?According to psychologist Katherine Phillip,children don’t benefit from 26praise as much as we’d like to think.“Parents often praise,believing they are building their child’s self-confidence.However,over-praising can have a 27effect,”says Phillip.“When we use the same praise28,it may become empty and no longer valued by the child.It can also become an expectation that anything they do must be29with praise.This may lead to the child avoiding taking risks due to fear of30their parents.”Docs this mean we should do away with all the praise?Phillip says no,“The key to healthy praise is1o focus on the process rather than the31it is the recognition of a child’s attempt,or the process in which they achieved something, that is essential,”she says,“Parents should encourage their child to take the risks needed to learn and grow.”So how do we break the32of praise we’re all so accustomed to?Phillip says it’s important to33between“person praise”and“process raise”.“Person praise is34saying how great someone is.It’s a form personal approval.Process praise s acknowledgement of the efforts te person has just35.Children who receive person praise are more likely to feel shame after losing,”says Phillip.A)choose F)experienced K)repeatedlyB)constant G)negative L)rewardedC)disappointing H)outcome M)separatelyD)distinguish I)pattern N)simplyE)exhausting J)plural O)undertaken答案：26.B27.G28.K29.L30.C31.H32.I33.D34.N35.OSection BDirectlons:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Poverty is a story about us,not them[A]Too often still we think we know the poverty looks like.It's the way we've been taught,the images we’ve been forced-fed decades.The chronically homeless.The undocumented immigrant.The urban poor,usually personified as a woman of color, the"welfare queen"politicians still too often reference.[B]But as income inequality rises to record levels in the United States,even in the midst of a record economic expansions,.those familiar images are outdated, hurtful and counterproductive to focusing attention on solutions and building ladders of opportunity.IC]Today's faces of inequality and lack of opportunity look like all of us.It's Anna Landre,a disabled Georgetown University student fighting to keep health benefits that allow-her the freedom to live her life lt's Tiffanie Standard,a counselor for young women of color in Philadelphia who want to be tech entrepreneurs—but who must work multiple jobs to stay afloat.It's Ken Outlaw,a welder in rural North Carolina whose dream of going back to school at a local community college was dashed by Hurricane Florence-just one of the extreme weather events that have tipped the balance for struggling Americans across the nation,[D]If these arc the central characters of our story about poverty.what layers of perceptions,myths,and realities must we unearth to find meaningful solutions and support?In pursuit of revealing this complicated reality,Mothering Justice,led by women of color,went last year to the state capital in Lansing,Michigan,to lobby on issues that affect working mothers.One of the Mothering Justice organizers went to the office of a state representative to talk about the lack of affordable childcare-the vestiges(痕迹))of a system that expected mothers to stay home with their children while their husbands worked,A legislative staffer dismissed the activist’s concerns, telling her“my husband took care of that-l stayed home.”[E]That comment,says Mothering Justice director Danielle Atkinson.,"was meant to shame"and relied on the familiar trope that a woman of color concemed about income inequality and programs that promote mobility must by definition be a single mom,probably with multiple kids.,In this case.Mothering Justice activist happened to be married.And in most cases in the America of2019,the images that come to mind when we hear the words poverty or income inequality fail miserably in reflecting a complicated reality:poverty touches virtually all of us.The face of income inequality,for all but a very few of us,is the one we each see in the mirror.[F]How many of us are poor in the U.S.?It depends on who you ask.According to the Census Bureau,38million people in the U.S.are living below the official poverty thresholds,Taking into account economic need beyond that absolute measure,the Institute for Policy Studies found that140million peoplc are poor or low-income. That's almost half the U.S population.[G]Whatever the measure,within that massive group,poverty is extremely diverse.We know that some people are more affected than others,like children,the elderly,people with disabilities,and people of color.[H]But the fact that4in10Americans can't come up with$400in an emergency is a commonly cited statistic for good reason:economic instability stretches across race,gender,and geography.It even reaches into the middle classes,as real wages have stagnated(不增长)for all but the very wealthy and temporary spells of financial instability are not uncommon.[I]Negative images remain of who is living in poverty as well as what is needed to move out of it.The big American myth is that you can pull yourself up by your own effort and change a bad situation into a good one.The reality is that finding opportunity without help from families,friends.schools，,and community is virtually impossible.And the playing field is nothing close to level.[J]The Frame Works institute,a research group that focuses on public framing of issues,has studied what sustains stereotypes and narratives of poverty in the United Kingdom."People view economic success and well being in life as product of choice, willpower,drive,grit,and gumption,"says Nat Kendall-Taylor,CEO of Frame Works.“When we see people who are struggling.”he says,those assumptions“lead us to the perception that people in poverty are lazy.they don’t care,and they haven't made the right decisions.”[K]Does this sound familiar?Similar ideas surround poverty in the U.S.And these assumptions wreak havoc on reality."When people enter into that pattern of thinking,"says Kendall-Taylor,"it's cognitively comfortable to make sense of issues of poverty in that way.It creates a kind of cognitive blindness-all of the factors external to a person's drive and choices that they've made become invisible and fade from view.”Those external factors include the difficulties accompanying low-wage work ot struetual discrimination based on race,gender,or ability.Assumptions get worse when people who are poor use government benefits to help them survive.There is a great tension between"the poor"and those who are receiving what has become a dirty word:"welfare."According to the General Social Survey,7l percent of respondents believe the contry is spending too little on a"welfare":37percent believe we are spending too much,[N]"Poverty has been interchangeable with people of color-specifically black women and black mothers,"says Atkinson of Mothering Justice.It's true that black mothers are more affected by poverty than many other groups,yet theyare disproportionately the face of poverty.For example，Americans routinely overestimate the share of black recipients of public assistance programs.[O]In reality,most people will experience some form of financial hardship at some point in their lives.Indeed,people tend to dip in and out of poverty,perhaps due to unexpected obstacles like losing a job,or when hours of a low-wage job fluctuate.[P]Something each of us can do is to treat each other with the dignity and sympathy that is deserved and to understand deeply that the issue of poverty touches all of us.答案：36.[E]That comment,says Mothering Justice director Danielle Atkinson,"was meant to shame"37.[H]But the fact that4in10Americans can't come up with$400in an emergency is a commonly cited statistic for good reason:economic instability stretches across race,gender,and geography.38.[M]According to the General Social Survey,71percent of respondents believe the country is spending too little on"assistance to the poor."39.[J]The Frame Works Institute,a research group that focuses on public framing of issues,has studied what sustains stereo types and narratives of poverty in the United Kingdom40.[D]lf these are the central characters of our story about poverty,what layers of perceptions,myths,and realities must we unearth to find meaningful solutions and support?41.[F]How many of us are poor in the U.S.?42.[N]“Poverty has been interchangeable with people of color-specifically black women and”black mothers,"says Atkinson of Mothering Justice.43.[1]Negative images remain of who is living in poverty as well as what is needed to move out of it.44.[E]That comment,says Mothering Justice director Dan-ielle Atkinson,"was meant to shame"45.[L]Those external factors include the difficulties accompanying low-wage work or structural discrimination based on race,gender,or ability.Section CDirections:There are2passage in this section.Each passage is followed by some quetements or unfinished statemeents.For each of them there are four choices maked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the correponding letter on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions46to50are based on the following passage.Boredom has,paradoxically,become quite interesting to academics lately.In early May.London's Boring Conference celebrated seven years of delighting in dullness.At this event.people flocked to talks about weather,traffic jams and vending-machine sounds.,among other sleep-inducing topics What,exactly,is everybody studying? One widely accepted definition of boredom is"the distasteful experience of wanting, but being unable.to engage in satisfying activity."But how can you quantify a person's boredom level and compare it with someone else’s?In1986,psychologists introduced the Boredom Proneness Scale,designed to measure an individual’s overall tendency to feel bored By contrast,the Mulitidimensional State Boredom scale,developed in2008,measures a person’s feelings of boredom in a given situation.Boredom has been linked to behavior issues including inattentive driving.mindless snacking.excessive drinking,and and addictive gambling.In fact, many of us would choose pain over boredom.One team of psychologists discovered that two-thirds of men and a quarter of women would rather self-administer electric shocks than sit alone with their thoughts for15minutes.Researching this phenomenon,another team asked volunteers to watch boring.sad,or ncutar films,during which they could self-administer elccrie shocks,The bored volunteers shocked themselves more and harder than the sad or neutral ones did.But boredom isn't all bad.By encouraging self-reflection and daydreaming.it can spur activity.An early study gave participants abundant time to complete problem-solving and word-association exercises.Once all the obvious answers were exhausted,participants gave more and more incentive answers to combat boredom:A British study took these findings one step further,asking subjects to complete a creative challenge(coming up with a list of alternative uses for a household item).One group of subjects did a boring activity first.while the others wentstraight to the creative task.Those whose boredom pumps had been primed were more productive.In our always connected world,boredom may be a hard-to-define state,but it is a fertile one,Watch paint dry or water boil,or at least put away our smart phone for a while,and you might unlock your next big idea.46.When are people likely to experience boredom,according to an accepted psychological definition?A)When they don’t have the chance to do what they want.B)When they don’t enjoy the materials they are studying.C)When they experience something unpleasant.D)When they engage in some routine activities.47.What does the author say boredom can lead to?A)DeterminationB)Mental deteriorationC)ConcentrationD)Harmful conduct48.What is the findings of one team of psychologists in their experiment?A)Volunteers prefer watching a boring movie to sitting alone deliberating.B)Many volunteers choose to hurt themselves rather than endure boredom.C)Male volunteers arc more immune to the effects of boredom than females.D)Many volunteers are unable to resist boredom longer than fifteen minutes.49.Why does the author say boredom isn’t all bad?A)It stimulates memorization.B)It may promote creative thinking.C)It allows time for relaxation.D)It may facilitate independent learning.50.What does the author suggests one do when faced with a challenging problem?A)stop idling and think big.B)Unlock one’s smart phone.C)Look around oneself for stimulation.D)Allow oneself some time to be bored.Passage TwoQuestions51to55are based on the following passage.Forests in countries like Brazil and the Congo get a lot of attention from environmentalists,and it is easy to see why.South America and sub-Saharan Africa are experiencing deforestation on an enormous scale:every year almost s million hectares are lost.But forests are also changing in rich Western countries They are growing larger,both in the sense that they occupy more and that the tees in them and bigger.What is going on?Forests are spreading in almost all Western countries,with fastest growth in places that historically had rather few tress.In199028%of Spain was forested;now the proportion is37%.In both Greece and Italy,the growth was from26%to32%over the same period.Forests are gradually taking more and in America and Australia.Perhaps most astonishing is the trend in Ireland.Roughly1%of that country was forested when it became independent in1922.Forests cover11%of the land,and the governments wants to push the proportion to18%by the2040s.Two things are fertilizing this growth.The first is the abandonment of farmland, especially in high,dry places where nothing grows terribly well.When farmers give up trying to earn a living from farming or herding trees simply move in.The second is governments policy and subsidy.Throughout history,governments have protected and promoted forests for diverse reasons,ranging from the need for wooden warships to a desire to promote suburban house-building.Nowadays forests are increasingly welcome because they suck in carbon pollution from the air.The justifications change; the desire for more trees remains constant.The greening of the West does not delight everyone.Farmers complain that land is being taken out of use by generously subsidized tree plantations.Parts of Spain and Portugal suffer from terrible forest fires.Others simply dislike the appearance of forests planted in neat rows.They will have to get used to the trees,however.The growth of Western forests seems almost as unstoppable as deforestation elsewhere.51.What is catching environmentalists’attention nowadays?A)Rich countries are stripping poor ones of their resources.B)Forests are fast shrinking in many developing countries.C)Forests are eating away the fertile farmland worldwide.D)Rich countries are doing little to address deforestation.52.Which countries have the fastest forest growth?A)Those that brave newly achieved independence.B)Those that at have the greatest demand for timberC)Those that used to have the lowest forest coverage.D)Those that provide enormous government subsidies.53.What has encouraged forest growth historically?A)The government’s advocacy.B)The use of wood for fuel.C)The favorable climate.D)The green movement.54.What account for our increasing desire for forests?A)Their unique scenic beauty.B)Their use as fruit plantation.C)Their capability of improving air quality.D)Their stable supply of building materials.55.What docs the author conclude about the prospects of forestation?A)Deserts in sub-Saharan Africa will diminish gradually.B)It will play a more and more important role in people’s lives.C)Forest destruction in the developing world will quickly slow down.D)Developed and developing countries are moving in opposite direction答案：46-50ADBCD51-55BCACDPartⅣTranslation(30minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your anwer on Answer Sheet2.春节前夕吃团圆饭是中国人的传统。
2017年12月大学英语四级考试真题(第2套答案与解析)
2017年12月大学英语四级考试真题试卷（第2套）Part II Listening Comprehension （25 minutes）略。
Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Technological changes brought dramatic new options to Americans living in the 1990s. During this decade new forms of entertainment, commerce, research, and communication became commonplace in the U.S. The driving force behind much of this change was a(n) 26 popularly known as the Internet.The Internet was developed during the 1970s by the Department of Defense. In the case of an attack, military advisers suggested the 27 of being able to operate one computer from another terminal. In the early days, the Internet was used mainly by scientists to communicate with other scientists. The Internet 28 under government control until 1984.One early problem faced by Internet users was speed. Phone lines could only transmit information at a 29 rate. The development of fiber-optic (光纤) cables allowed for billions of bits of information to be received every minute. Companies like Intel developed faster microprocessors, so personal computers could process the 30 signals at a more rapid rate.In the early 1990s, the World Wide Web was developed, in large part, for 31 purposes. Corporations created home pages where they could place text and graphics to sell products. Soon airline tickets, hotel 32 , and even cars and homes could be purchased online. Universities 33 research data on the Internet, so students could find 34 information without leaving their dormitories. Companies soon discovered that work could be done at home and 35 online, so a whole new class of telecommuters began to earn a living from home offices unshaven and wearing pajamas (睡衣).Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The Health Benefits of KnittingA) About 15 years ago, I was invited to join a knitting group. I agreed to give it a try.B) My mother had taught me to knit at 15, and I knitted in class throughout college and for a few years thereafter. Then decades passed without my touching a knitting needle. But within two Mondays in the group, I was hooked, not only on knitting but also on crocheting (钩织), and I was on my way to becoming a highly productive crafter.C) I’ve made countless baby blankets, sweaters, scarves, hats, caps for newborns. I take a knitting project with me everywhere, especially when I have to sit still and listen. As I discovered in college, when my hands are busy, my mind stays focused on the here and now.D) It seems, too, that I’m part of a national renewal of interest in needle and other handicrafts (手工艺). The Craft Yarn Council reports that a third of women ages 25-35 now knit or crochet. Even men and schoolchildren are swelling the ranks, among them my friend’s three small grandsons. Last April, the council created a “Stitch Away Stress” campaign in honor of National Stress Awareness Month. Dr. Herbert Benson, a pioneer in mind/body medicine and author of The Relaxation Response, says that the repetitive action of needlework can induce a relaxed state like that associated with meditation (沉思) and yoga. Once you get beyond the initial learning curve, knitting and crocheting can lower heart rate and blood pressure.E) But unlike meditation, craft activities result in tangible and often useful products that can enhance self-esteem. I keep photos of my singular accomplishments on my cellphone to boost my spirits when needed.F) Since the 1990s, the council has surveyed hundreds of thousands of knitters and crocheters, who routinely list stress relief and creative fulfillment as the activities’ main benefits. Among them is the father of a prematurely born daughter who reported that during the baby’s five weeks in the intensive care unit, “learning how to knit infant hats gave me a sense of purpose during atime that I felt very helpless. It’s a hobby that I’v e stuck with, and it continues to help me cope with stress at work, provide a sense of order in hectic (忙乱的) days, and allow my brain time to solve problems.”G) A recent email from the yarn(纺纱) company Red Heart titled “Health Benefits of Crocheting and Knitting” prompted me to explore what else might be known about the health value of activities like knitting. My research revealed that the rewards go well beyond replacing stress and anxiety with the satisfaction of creation.H) For example, Karen Hayes, a life coach in Toronto, conducts knitting therapy programs, including Knit to Quit to help smokers give up the habit, and Knit to Heal for people coping with health crises, like a cancer diagnosis or serious illness of a family member. Schools and prisons with craft programs report that they have a calming effect and enhance social skills. And having to fol low instructions on complex craft projects can improve children’s math skills.I) Some people find that craftwork helps them control their weight. Just as it’s challenging to smoke while knitting, when hands are holding needles and hooks, there’s less snac king and mindless eating out of boredom.J) I’ve found that my handiwork with yarn has helped my arthritic(患关节炎的) fingers remain more dexterous(灵巧的) as I age. A woman encouraged to try knitting and crocheting after developing an autoimmune disease that caused a lot of hand pain reported on the Craft Yarn Council site that her hands are now less stiff and painful.K) A 2009 University of British Columbia study of 38 women with an eating disorder who were taught to knit found that learning the craft led to significant improvements. Seventy-four percent of the women said the activity lessened their fears and kept them from thinking about their problem.L) Betsan Corkhill, a wellness coach in Bath, England, and author of the book Knit for Health & Wellness, established a website, Stitchlinks, to explore the value of what she calls therapeutic knitting. Among her respondents, 54 percent of those who were clinically depressed said that knitting made them feel happy or very happy. In a study of 60 self-selected people with persistent pain, Ms. Corkhill and colleagues reported that knitting enabled them to redirect their focus, reducing their awareness of pain. She suggested that the brain can process just so much at once, and that activities like knitting and crocheting make it harder for the brain to register pain signals. Perhaps most exciting is research that suggests that crafts like knitting and crocheting may help to keep off a decline in brain function with age. In a 2011 study, researchers led by Dr. Yonas Geda at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester interviewed a random(随机的) sample of 1,321 people ages 70-89, most of whom were cognitively (在认知方面) normal, about the cognitive activities they engaged in late in life. The study, published in the Journal of Neuropsychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences, found that those who engaged in crafts like knitting and crocheting had a diminished chance of developing mild cognitive disorder and memory loss.M) Although it is possible that only people who are cognitively healthy would pursue such activities, those who read newspapers or magazines or played music did not show similar benefits. The researchers speculate that craft activities promote the development of nerve pathways in the brain that help to maintain cognitive health.N) In support of that suggestion, a 2014 study by Denise C. Park of the University of Texas at Dallas and colleagues demonstrated that learning to knit or do digital photography enhanced memory function in older adults. Those who engaged in activities that were not intellectuallychallenging, either in a social group or alone, did not show such improvements.O) Given that sustained social contacts have been shown to support health and a long life, those wishing to maximize the health value of crafts might consider joining a group of like-minded folks. I for one try not to miss a single weekly meeting of my knitting group.36. When the author was a college student, she found that knitting helped her concentrate.37. Knitting can help people stay away from tobacco.38. Even men and children are now joining the army of knitters.39. Being a member of a crafts group enhan ces one’s health and prologs one’s life.40. Knitting diverts people’s attention from their pain.41. The author learnt to knit as a teenager, but it was not until she was much older that she became keenly interested.42. When people are knitting, they tend to eat fewer snacks.43. Survey findings show that knitting can help people relieve stress.44. According to a study, knitters and crocheters are less likely to suffer mild cognitive damage.45. The products of knitting can increase one’s sense of self-respect.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Nobody really knows how big Lagos is. What’s indisputable is that it’s growing very quickly. Between now and 2050, the urban population of Africa could triple. Yet cities in sub-Saharan Africa are not getting richer the way cities in the rest of the world have. Most urban Africans live in slums (贫民窟); migrants are often not much better off than they were in the countryside. Why?The immediate problem is poverty. Most of Africa is urbanizing at a lower level of income than other regions of the world did. That means there’s little money around f or investment that would make cities liveable and more productive. Without upgrades and new capacity, bridges, roads and power systems are unable to cope with expanding populations. With the exception of South Africa, the only light rail metro system in sub-Saharan Africa is in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Traffic jam leads to expense and unpredictability, things that keep investors away.In other parts of the world, increasing agricultural productivity and industrialization went together. More productive farmers meant there was a surplus that could feed cities; in turn, that created a pool of labour for factories. But African cities are different. They are too often built around consuming natural resources. Government is concentrated in capitals, so is the money. Most urban Africans work for a small minority of the rich, who tend to be involved in either cronyish(有裙带关系的) businesses or politics. Since African agriculture is still broadly unproductive, food is imported, consuming a portion of revenue.So what can be done? Though African countries are poor, not all African cities are. In Lagos, foreign oil workers can pay as much as $65,000 per year in rent for a modest apartment in a safe part of town. If that income were better taxed, it might provide the revenue for better infrastructure. If city leaders were more accountable to their residents, they might favour projects designed to help them more. Yet even as new roads are built, new people arrive. When a city’s population grows by 5% a year, it is difficult to keep up.46. What do we learn from the passage about cities in sub-Saharan Africa?A) They have more slums than other cities in the world.B) They are growing fast without becoming richer.C) They are as modernized as many cities elsewhere.D) They attract migrants who want to be better off.47. What does the author imply about urbanization in other parts of the world?A) It benefited from the contribution of immigrants.B) It started when people’s income was relatively high.C) It benefited from the accelerated rise in productivity.D) It started with the improvement of people’s livelihood.48. Why is sub-Saharan Africa unappealing to investors?A) It lacks adequate transport facilities.B) The living expenses there are too high.C) It is on the whole too densely populated.D) The local governments are corrupted.49. In what way does the author say African cities are different?A) They have attracted huge numbers on farm labourers.B) They still rely heavily on agricultural productivity.C) They have developed at the expense of nature.D) They depend far more on foreign investment.50. What might be a solution to the problems facing African cities?A) Lowering of apartment rent.B) Better education for residents.C) More rational overall planning.D) A more responsible government.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.For the pas t several decades, it seems there’s been a general consensus on how to get ahead in America: Get a college education, find a reliable job, and buy your own home. But do Americans still believe in that path, and if they do, is it attainable?The most recent National Journal poll asked respondents about the American dream, what it takes to achieve their goals, and whether or not they felt a significant amount of control over their ability to be successful. Overwhelmingly, the results show that today, the idea of the American dream—and what it takes to achieve it—looks quite different than it did in the late 20th century.By and large, people felt that their actions and hard work—not outside forces—were thedeciding factor in how their lives turned out. But respondents had decidedly mixed feelings about what actions make for a better life in the current economy.In the last seven years, Americans have grown more pessimistic about the power of education to lead to success. Even though they see going to college as a fairly achievable goal, a majority—52 percent—think that young people do not need a four-year college education in order to be successful.Miguel Maeda, 42, who has a master’s degree and works in public health, was the first in his family to go to college, which has allowed him to achieve a sense of financial stability his parents and grandparents never did.While some, like Maeda, emphasized the value of the degree rather than the education itself, others still see college as a way to gain new perspectives and life experiences.Sixty-year-old Will Fendley, who had a successful career in the military and never earned a college degree, thinks “personal drive” is far more important than just going to college. To Fendley, a sense of drive and purpose, as well as an effective high-school education, and basic life skills, like balancing a checkbook, are the necessary ingredients for a successful life in America.51. It used to be commonly acknowledged that to succeed in America, one had to have .A) an advanced academic degreeB) an ambition to get aheadC) a firm belief in their dreamD) a sense of drive and purpose52. What is the finding of the latest National Journal poll concerning the American dream?A) More and more Americans are finding it hard to realize.B) It remains alive among the majority of American people.C) Americans’ idea of it has changed over the past few decades.D) An increasing number of young Americans are abandoning it.53. What do Americans now think of the role of college education in achieving success?A) It still remains open to debate.B) It has proved to be beyond doubt.C) It is no longer as important as it used to be.D) It is much better understood now than ever.54. How do some people view college education these days?A) It promotes gender equality.B) It needs to be strengthened.C) It adds to cultural diversity.D) It helps broaden their minds.55. What is one factor essential to success in America, according to Will Fendley?A) A desire to learn and to adapt.B) A strong sense of responsibility.C) A willingness to commit oneself.D) A clear aim and high motivation.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.华山位于华阴市，距西安120公里。
2020年12月大学英语四级考试真题2+答案解析
2020年12月大学英语四级考试真题（二）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Diredicms: F,or this part, you are allowed 80 m切utes to write on t比topic Changes切t妇Way of 加nsportation.You should write at妇t120叹证but no mo兀than180 wcn:ls.Part I Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section ,沪u will hear three叱呤reports.At the e叫of each news report , 沪u will hear two or three questions. 胚h the news repat and the questio心will be spoken only once. After you hear a q也s tion,you m心t choose the be.st皿”吧r from the four choices m叮尥d A), B),'C) and D). Then markthe corresponding letter on儿田叩,r Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.妇tio四1and 2 are based on the news nport you have J ust heard1.A) He wanted to buy a home.C)He lost a huge swn of money.B)He suffered from a shoclc.D) He did an unusual good deed.2.A) Invite the waiter to a fancy dinner.C)Give some money to the waiter.B)Tell her story to the Dally Ne叩．D)Pay the waiter's school tuition.Q氏吐ms3 and 4 are based on the news report yo11 have Just heard.3.A) Wh e ther CX'not to move·to the state's mainland.B)How to keep the village from sinking into the sea.C)Where�get the funds f or rebuilding their village.D)What to do about the rising level of the seawater.4.A) It takes too long a time.C)It has to wait for the state's final approval,B)It costs too much money.D) It faces·strong opposition from many villagers. Q酝凸叩s S to 7 are based on the news report you have压beard.5.A) To in代stigate whether people are grateful for help.B)To see whether people hold doors open for strangers.C)To explore ways of inducing gratitude in people.D)To find out how people express gratitude.6.A) They induced strangers to tallc with them.B)They helped 15 to 20 people in a bad mood.C)They held doors open for people at various places.D)They interviewed people who didn't say thank y ou.7.A) People can be educated to be grateful.C)Most people have bad days now and then.B)Most people express gratitude for help.D)People are ungrateful when in a bad mood.四级2020年12月242020年12月大学英语四级考试真题（二）答案与详解Part IWriting 结构框图：r -e : ，第1段引出话题并提出观点：近几十年来，中国的交通方式发生了巨变，给：I I我们的生活带来了巨大影响。
2023年12月GESP编程能力认证C++等级考试二级真题(含答案)
2023年12月GESP编程能力认证C++等级考试二级真题(含答案)一、单选题（每题 2 分，共 30 分）。
1.以下不可以做为C++变量的是( )。
A. FiveStarB. fiveStarC. 5StarD. Star5正确答案：C。
2.在C++中，与 for(int i = 10; i < 20; i +=2) cout << i; 输出结果相同的是( )。
A. for(int i = 10; i < 19; i +=2) cout << i;B. for(int i = 11; i < 19; i +=2) cout << i;C. for(int i = 10; i < 21; i +=2) cout << i;D. 以上均不对正确答案：A。
3.以下C++代码实现从小到大的顺序输出能整除N的数（N的因子），例如N=18时输出1 2 3 6 9 18，横线处应填入（）。
A. int i = 0; i < N; i++B. int i = 1; i < N; i++C. int i = 0; i < N+1; i++D. int i = 1; i < N+1; i++正确答案：D。
4.下面C++代码用于判断输入的整数是否为对称数，如1221和12321是对称数，但123和972不是对称数。
下面对该题对应代码的说法，正确的是（）。
A. 代码没有语法错误，如果N为对称数，第8行将能正确输出。
B. 代码没有语法错误，但如果N为负数，将导致死循环。
C. 代码存在语法错误，程序不能被执行。
D. 代码没有语法错误，但不能达到预期目标，因为循环结束N总为0。
正确答案：D。
5.下面C++代码用于判断N（大于等于2的正整数）是否为质数（素数）。
下面对如下代码的说法，正确的是（）。
A. 代码能正确判断N是否为质数。
2022年12月全国大学英语六级考试真题和答案解析(第二套)
2022年12月大学英语六级考试真题（第2套）Part I Writing(30minutes) Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to write an essay that begins with the sentence“In an era of information explosion,it is vitally important to develop the ability to think critically and make rational choices.”You can make statements,give reasons,or cite examples to develop your essay.You should write at least150words but no more than200 words.PartⅡListening Comprehension(30minutes) Section ADirections:In this section,you will hear two long conversations.At the end of each conversation,you will hear four questions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1 with a single line through the centre.Questions1to4are based on the conversation you have just heard.1.A)She hasn’t started writing it.B)She hasn’t decided on a topic.C)She is proofreading the first draft.D)She is working on the references.2.A)He lent many books to the man for reference.B)He offered the man advice on resource hunting.C)He published a lot in a number of reputable journals.D)He told the man to be selective when using e-resources.3.A)He didn’t think her dissertation topic viable.B)He wasn’t interested in her dissertation topic.C)He didn’t want her to rush through her dissertation.D)He wasn’t specific about the length of her dissertation.4.A)Change her research methodology.B)Narrow down her dissertation topic.C)Consult her professor more.D)Follow the man’s advice.Questions5to8are based on the conversation you have just heard.5.A)He has translated12books.B)He is a well-known nutritionist.C)His books sell well worldwide.D)His latest book sold a million copies.6.A)The desire of Americans to try exotic cuisines.B)The demand for information about food safety.C)The fact that over half of Americans are overweight.D)The fact that science books are difficult to read.7.A)The general public.B)Those who are overweight.C)Those who want to lose weight.D)The medical community.8.A)Switch to a vegetarian diet.B)Follow a personalized diet.C)Adhere to doctors’advice.D)Cut carbohydrate intake.Section BDirections:In this section,you will hear two passages.At the end of each passage,you will hear three or four questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)，B)，C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions9to11are based on the passage you have just heard.9.A)The rate of their growth increased dramatically.B)The growth of their new brain cells doubled.C)They began to show signs of depression.D)They began to get irritated and restless.10.A)To avoid them in the future.B)To warn others against them.C)To make good sense of them.D)To reflect on their causes.11.A)Produce a surprising healing effect.B)Weaken one’s immunity in the long run.C)Make people more susceptible to illness.D)Provide protection against mental illnesses.Questions12to15are based on the passage you have just heard.12.A)Placing their own interests over their staff’s.B)Being overwhelmed by their daily routines.C)Lacking the ability to relate to their staff.D)Spending too much time handling email.13.A)Their leadership may be challenged.B)Their companies may go bankrupt.C)Unexpected events may occur.D)Major problems may result.14.A)Keep an eye on their employees.B)Motivate and inspire their team.C)Sacrifice some of the immediate goals.D)Have greater ambition in overall planning.15.A)Cultivate self-control.B)Filter their email boxes.C)Respond only after work.D)Check only when necessarySection CDirections:In this section,you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions.The recordings will be played only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions16to18are based on the recording you have just heard.16.A)The key to increasing healthy food supply.B)The best way to improve marketing research.C)The impact of advertisements on consumption.D)The importance of the appearance of food.17.A)By focusing on the nutrients in different foods.B)By emphasizing the diversity of food.C)By stressing pleasing aesthetics of food.D)By winning the support of marketing professors.18.A)They can attract customers with the healthy qualities of their products.B)They can boost sales of healthy foods by making them visually appealing.C)They can turn to marketing professors for advice.D)They can rely on advertising for sales promotion.Questions19to21are based on the recording you have just heard.19.A)It has witnessed a spectacular surge in demand.B)It has met much criticism from environmentalists.C)It has seen more small businesses offering environment-friendly products.D)It has experienced increasingly fierce competition among global companies.20.A)Consumers now know much more about technology.B)Their mass production has sharply reduced the price.C)Consumers tend to favor all that is novel.D)Their quality has been greatly improved.21.A)Purchasing only this kind of products for home cleaning.B)Writing positive comments about them on social media.C)Demonstrating on TV how effective these products are.D)Telling one another about their incomparable virtues.Questions22to25are based on the recording you have just heard.22.A)Increasing cleaners’workload.B)Blocking the fountains’works.C)Breaking a time-honored ritual.D)Polluting the fountains’water.23.A)They are occasionally retrieved by curious tourists.B)They are regularly donated to charity organizations.C)They are mostly used for the fountains’maintenance.D)They are usually used as wages for fountain cleaners.24.A)It is invested in a series of businesses.B)It is used exclusively for its maintenance.C)It is used to run a supermarket for the needy.D)It is estimated to be about$40,000a month.25.A)He was arrested for stealing money from four fountain cleaners.B)He was sentenced to34years’imprisonment.C)He collected rare coins from around the world.D)He stole a lot of money from a fountain with a magnetic stick.Part III Reading Comprehension(40minutes) Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.The task of the global strategist of a business is to build a platform of capabilities derived from the resources,experiences and innovations of units operating in multiple locations,to transplant those capabilities wherever26,and then to systematically upgrade and renew them—ahead of the competition.Apple is an outstanding case of a company whose unique capabilities give it a worldwide 27advantage,particularly with respect to its ability to build platforms from a product base that integrates functional and28design.Apple has been able to leverage and exploit its California-based design and marketing advantages successfully throughout the world.IKEA is another such case.The do-it-yourself furniture and houseware company first developed a compelling set of capabilities to design,manufacture and29furniture at low cost and sell it in a novel way in ter,IKEA successfully30this formula in many other countries.By contrast,Telefónica,a Spanish telecommunications company that is now the world’s fifth largest telecom by31,first developed its special advantage abroad.In1989and 1990,Telefónica had the opportunity to enter Chile and Argentina,countries that shared many institutional and cultural characteristics with its home country but that were32more rapid market reform.Throughout the1990s,Telefónica took what it learned in Chile and Argentina about reconstructing former state-owned telecoms to other Latin American countries that were privatizing their state telecoms and deregulating their telecom markets.These examples might lead the reader to believe that creating a global advantage is an easy task.But many other33of expensive failed experiments suggest that creating a lasting global advantage actually requires a great deal of34and operational finesse(技巧).Our research suggests that global winners typically create and sustain their international presence through a systematic process of35,renewing and enhancing their core capabilities.Section B Directions:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Fear of Nature:An Emerging Threat to ConservationA)What do we lose when natural spaces and species disappear?Increasingly,research has shown that as species and ecosystems vanish,it also chips away at our ability to preserve what remains—because we no longer understand what we’re losing.B)You probably see it all the time.The neighbor who puts pesticides on his lawn rather than deal with annoying bees.The politician who votes against wildlife protection because she’s never seen a wolf in the wild.The corporation that wants to bulldoze (用推土机推平)the habitat of a rare frog.C)At best this can be termed “the extinction of experience,”where our cultural and natural histories fade from our memories and therefore our reality.At its worst it becomes something even more concerning:“biophobia,”the fear of living things and a complete aversion to nature.D)This isn’t the fiction of living in a cold,empty dystopia (绝望的世界).Sadly,it’s becoming a way of life for too many people—especially children.A recent study in Japan paints a striking portrait of this problem.A survey of more than 5,300school children in the Tochigi Prefecture examined their perception of 14local insect species and one spider.The results?A collective “ew!”Most of the students saw the species as things to dislike or fear,or even as sources of danger.The less experience the students had with nature,the more negative their feelings.E)The results were published earlier this year in the journal Biological Conservation .Lead researcher Masashi Soga with the University of Tokyo says the study stemmed from observations about today’s nature-deficient children.“Humans inherently avoid dangerous organisms such as bees,but children these days avoid even harmless insects such as butterflies and dragonflies (蜻蜓),”he says.“I have long wondered why so many of today’s children react like this.”F)Although the children’s reactions were somewhat expected,the new study did contain an unexpected finding:Many of the surveyed children revealed that their parents also expressed fear or disgust of the same animals.In fact these parental emotions were strong A)aestheticF)fiscal K)safeguarding B)appropriateG)instances L)ship C)clustersH)rehabilitated M)strategic D)competitiveI)reproduced N)transcend E)exploitingJ)revenues O)undergoingenough to overwhelm any positive experiences the children might have gained from direct experiences in nature.As Soga and his coauthors wrote in their paper,“Our results suggest that there is likely a feedback loop in which an increase in people who have negative attitudes towards nature in one generation will lead to a further increase in people with similar attitudes in the next generation.”G)And that’s possibly the greater threat posed by extinction of experience.Soga suggests thegenerational loss—a condition previously dubbed environmental generational amnesia (遗忘)—could chip away at our societal ability to preserve what we’re losing.“I believe that increased biophobia is a major,but invisible,threat to global biodiversity,”Soga says.“As the number of children who have biophobia increases,public interest and support for biodiversity conservation will gradually decline.Although many conservation biologists still consider that preventing the loss of wildlife habitat is the most important way to conserve biodiversity,I think preventing increased biophobia is also important for conservation.”H)What’s to be done about this?The paper makes several recommendations,the mostobvious of which is that children should experience nature more often.The authors also suggest establishing policies to guide these natural experiences and increasing educational programs about the natural world.I)Helping parents to see species around them in a new light would make a difference,too.And,of course,maintaining support for preserving the wild spaces where these“scary”creatures live is the most important thing of all.That’s a point reinforced by another recent study,which found that wild spaces located within urban areas—and the plants and animals that thrive in them—are particularly important for human health and well-being. J)Published in the journal Frontiers in Sustainable Cities,the study examined attitudes toward Discovery Park,the heavily forested534-acre public park in Seattle,Washington.It found that the public had the most appreciation for—and gained the most value from—the wildest parts of the park.“I have seen whales,seals,fish,eagles,shorebirds and many other sea creatures in their natural habitat,”one survey participant wrote.“Coming here with people has allowed me to connect and talk with them about conversation that simply does not happen in everyday life,”wrote another.K)The participants reported that their most valuable experiences in the park included encountering wildlife,walking through open spaces,exploring the beach and finding beautiful views.“We saw that a large majority of participants’interactions,especially their most meaningful interactions,depended on Discovery Park’s relative wildness,”says lead author Elizabeth Lev,a master’s student in the University of Washington’s Human Interaction with Nature Lab.This is only possible because the park is relatively wild.After all,you can’t enjoy watching birds if there are no birds to follow;gaze at the sunset if it’s obscured by skyscrapers;or stop and smell the flowers if they don’t have room to grow.L)And yet even this long-protected space could someday become less hospitable to nature.Over the past few years a lot of people and organizations have suggested developing parts of Discovery Park or the neighboring area.Most recently a plan proposed building34 acres of much-needed affordable housing and parking spaces adjacent to the park, bringing with them noise,traffic and pollution.M)If anything like that happened,both the park and the people of Seattle could lose something vital.And that would continue the trend of chipping away at Seattle’s—and the world’s—natural spaces,leaving just tiny pocket parks and green-but-empty spaces that offer little real value to wildlife,plants or people.N)“It is true that any interaction with nature is better than none,but I don’t want people to be satisfied with any small bit of grass and trees,”Lev says.“We have been in this cycle of environmental generational amnesia for a long time,where the baseline keeps shifting and we don’t even realize what we’re losing until it’s gone.If we can get people to understand how much meaning and value can come from having more experiences with more wild forms of nature,then maybe we can stop this cycle and move toward conserving and restoring what we have left.”O)Building this understanding in an ever-more fearful and disconnected world may be the biggest challenge.Peter Kahn,the senior author of Lev’s paper and the director of the Human Interaction with Nature lab,made several suggestions for bridging this gap in this2011book, Technological Nature.They echo the recommendation about getting children into nature,but also include telling stories of how things used to be,imagining what things might be like in the future,and developing a common language about nature,“a way of speaking about wild and domestic interaction patterns,and the meaningful,deep and often joyful feelings that they generate.”P)No matter what techniques we use,this growing field of research illustrates that saving nature requires encouraging people to experience it more often and more deeply.That calls for additional research—Lev and her coauthors have published a toolkit that other municipalities can follow to study the value of their own wild spaces—and clear communication of the results.“If we can continue to show people the benefits of these wild spaces,”Lev says,“maybe people will begin to see more value in keeping these areas undeveloped—for the sake of our mutual benefit.”36.A new study found parents’aversion to certain animals would pass on to their children.37.The disappearance of species and ecological systems erodes our ability to keep what is left.38.A study showed that the wildest areas of Discovery Park appealed most to the public.39.The fear of living organisms is becoming more worrisome.40.Preventing the increase in children’s fear of living creatures is also important for conserving biodiversity.41.Research shows that more and deeper experience people have with nature will help save it.42.Though humans naturally tend to avoid dangerous animals,today’s children try to stay away from even harmless ones.43.Development in and around Discovery Park could cause heavy losses to the park and the local residents.44.A large survey of school children found that their negative feelings grew as their experience with nature diminished.45.Elizabeth Lev believes increased contact with more wildlife helps conserve biodiversity.Section CDirections:There are2passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions46to50are based on the following passage.Some people in the US have asserted that forgiving student loan debt is one way to stimulate the economy and give assistance to those in need.One government proposition is to eliminate$10,000of debt for‘economically distressed’students.Some in US Congress have gone so far as to suggest forgiving up to$50,000in debt per student borrower,but does forgiving student debt necessarily correlate to helping the economically disadvantaged?The answer is no.This policy is just giving money away to universities and the most affluent students in attendance.Federal Reserve data reveals that the highest-income40 percent of households owe approximately60percent of outstanding student debt,while the lowest40percent owe just under20percent.This could be due to a combination of factors: students from high-income households are more likely to go to expensive colleges,less likely to receive financial aid,and more likely to have high incomes post-graduation.Plus,the majority of student debt is held by graduate degree earners,who earn approximately25 percent more than their undergraduate counterparts.Clearly,giving free reign to banks to forgive student debt is a step in the wrong direction.Other proposals for broader,long-term student loan plans have some fundamental problems.One idea is to cancel student debt only for undergraduate degrees and for students making less than$125,000.This attempts to address the fact that Congress’previously mentioned student loan forgiveness plan largely helps out the wealthy,but is an adverse incentive for universities to keep raising tuition and for students to choose to major in low-earning degree programs. Colleges have no reason to make their programs moreaffordable if they believe students will just take out more debt.And,students will feel more comfortable making the irresponsible decision to go tens of thousands of dollars in debt to major in impractical or idealistic subjects if they know their loans will be forgiven.This is especially concerning given the pandemic(大流行病)has rendered a college education practically worthless.Students are paying tens of thousands of dollars per year to live at home and be lectured on the Internet.Do we really want to tell colleges that they can get away with providing below-average service for an outrageous cost?In the case of any of these student debt plans,working-class Americans who chose not to or could not afford to go to college will be subsidizing the education of the professional class. Plumbers and retail workers will be paying for the degrees of doctors and lawyers.The US government’s effort to help those in debt is commendable but is this really the solution that will help the poor financially recover?46.Why do some people advocate forgiving student loan debt?A)They assert it will narrow the gap between the wealthy and the poor.B)They believe it will benefit both the economy and the underprivileged.C)They claim it will eliminate economic distress among college students.D)They think the cost of education is the responsibility of the government.47.What do we learn from the Federal Reserve data?A)Approximately60%of student debt remains unpaid.B)Cancelling student debt benefits wealthy families most.C)Forgiving student debt provides little benefit to universities.D)Low-income families owe the biggest amount of student debt.48.What does the author say students are likely to do if they know they needn’t repay their loans?A)They will choose to study subjects without considering their job prospects.B)They will be free to pursue their goals without being burdened financially.C)They will over-borrow and live beyond their means.D)They will be able to enroll in expensive universities.49.What does the author imply about colleges offering online education?A)They cannot get away with the serious consequences.B)They have suffered greatly from the current pandemic.C)The tuition they charge is not justified by the quality of their service.D)The tuition they charge has surged outrageously during the pandemic.50.What will happen if any of the proposed student debt plans is implemented?A)Plumbers and retail workers will have a chance of becoming professionals.B)Working-class students will have increasing access to subsidized education.C)Blue-collar workers will have to bear the cost of educating would-be high-earners.D)A growing number of students will be able to earn degrees in medicine and law. Passage TwoQuestions51to55are based on the following passage.If there’s one rule that most parents cling to in the confusing,fast-changing world of kids and media,it’s“No screens before age2.”As of today,that rule has been thrown out the window.The American Academy of Pediatrics(AAP),which first issued that recommendation back in1999,has extensively updated and revised its guidelines for children and adolescents to reflect new research and new habits.The new guidelines,especially for very young children,shift the focus from WHAT is on the screen to WHO else is in the room.And in doing so,they raise some intriguing points about the future of learning from media.For babies younger than18months,AAP still says no screens at all are the best idea—with one notable exception:Live video chat.Surveys indicate that families already popularly believe that“Face time doesn’t count”,or at least that the benefit of virtual visits with grandparents or other relatives outweighs the potential cost of exposing babies to the laptop or smartphone.The AAP doesn’t cite positive evidence that infants actually get something out of this kind of“conversation”,the way that they clearly do from live social interaction.But there’s some observationalresearch that infants as young as six months old are emotionally engaged by playing live peekaboo(躲猫猫游戏)with Grandma online.For infants and toddlers(学步儿童),ages15months to2years old,there’s limited evidence from a couple of very small studies that they can learn new words from educational media,if and only if parents are watching alongside them,repeating what the video says and/or drawing attention to what is on the screen.In other words,treating a video or an app like a picture book is the best bet.The flip side of this is that many studies have actually shown poorer language skills correlated with earlier solo viewing of“educational”videos.There’s also research that shows language delays in children who watch more TV and start watching earlier.In both cases,the problem seems to be media replacing interaction with people.For this reason,the new AAP guideline has changed from“avoid all screens under age2”to“avoid solo media use in this age group.”For preschoolers ages2to5,there’s more evidence that they have the ability to transfer knowledge from screens to the real world,including early literacy and math.For this age group,AAP recommends no more than an hour a day of screen use.And,just as with younger children,they want care-givers to take part in screen time:“Co-view with your children,help children understand what they are seeing,and help them apply what they learn to the world around them.”51.What do we learn about the“No screens under2”rule?A)It has met more and more resistance from parents.B)It has proved helpful to children’s healthy growth.C)It confuses parents with regard to kids’education.D)It has been discarded in line with recent research.52.What do the new AAP guidelines advocate?A)Young children should be accompanied by parents during screen time.B)Parents should be emotionally involved in their children’s upbringing.C)Young children should watch videos carefully selected by parents.D)Parents should protect their children from too much media exposure.53.What do families think of live video chat according to surveys?A)It should not be regarded as screen time.B)It helps babies to develop their verbal skills.C)It is not as harmful as playing games on laptops.D)It is a good substitute for video viewing.54.What do researches find about kids solo viewing educational videos?A)It arouses their interest in language learning.B)It works no better than reading picture books.C)It hampers their development of language skills.D)It helps them acquire independent learning skills.55.What does the author say about preschoolers ages2to5?A)They can understand pretty well what they see on the screen.B)They can learn on their own without much parental guidance.C)They can make use of educational videos to develop digital literacy.D)They can relate what they learn on the screen to real life situations.Part IV Translation(30minutes) Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet2.云贵高原（the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau）大部分位于云南、贵州省境内，总面积约50万平方公里，平均海拔2000-4000米，是中国第四大高原。
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发电生产部2015年12月考试题2 专业：电气专业总得分：
姓名：所在值：
一、填空题（每空1分共30分）
1 电力系统发生短路故障时，通常伴有（）增大，（）降低，以及（）与电压的相角改变等现象。
2 发电机强行励磁是指系统内发生突然短路，发电机的端（）突然下降，当超过一定数值时，励磁电源会自动、迅速地增加励磁（）到最大。
3 自动调整励磁装置，在发电机正常运行或发生事故的情况下，能够提高电力系统的（）稳定和（）稳定。
4 运行中，若自动励磁调节器不投入，发电机突然甩负荷后，会使端电压（）使铁芯中的（）密度增加，导致铁芯损耗（）、温度（）。
5 变压器的（）、（）保护不得同时停用。
6 当发生发电机转子一点接地信号时，应投入转子（）保护。
7 变压器的功率损耗主要是（）和（）；变压器通电后，通过负荷电流时产生的损耗是（）。
8 我厂发变组单元有（）、主变、（）和励磁变，发电机采用（）型汽轮发电机组，发电机出口电压为（）。
9 我厂发电机定子线圈、转子线圈、定子铁芯及其它部件采用（）冷却。
10 发电机有功和无功功率的调整：正常运行时，（）由DCS机、炉协调控制系统自动调整，（）和（）由励磁调节器调节。
11、高压断路器主要由四部分组成：（）部分、（）部分、（）部分、操作机构部分。
12瓦斯保护能反映变压器油箱内的各种故障，它分为动作于跳闸的（）保护，动作于信号的（）保护。
二、选择题（每题1分共20分）
1 低周波减载装置( ) 动作。
A．在系统故障时应可靠B．在系统电压下降时C．在系统频率下降时
2 对于电气设备而言，所谓接地电阻是指( )。
A．设备与接地装置之间连线的电阻
B．接地装置与土壤间的电阻C．设备与接地体之间的连线电阻，接地本身的电阻和接地体与土壤间电阻的总和
3 绝缘手套的试验周期为( )。
A．6个月B．12个月C．3个月
4 绝缘棒的试验周期为( )。
A．3 个月B．6 个月C．12 个月
5 用钳型电流表测量三相平衡负载电流时，钳口中放入三相导线，该表的指示值为（）。
A、零；
B、一相电流；
C、三相电流的代数和。
6 装设接地线的顺序是，先装（）。
A、中相后装两边相；B、接地端；C、导体端。
7 并列运行的变压器最大最小容量比不超过( )。
A. 2:1 B. 3:1 C. 4:1
8 有功功率过剩时会使( )。
A．电压升变B．频率升高C．频率和电压升高
9 若测得发电机绝缘的吸收比低于（）时，则说明发电机绝缘受潮了。
A.1.1； B.1.2；
C.1.3
10 电机绝缘电阻每伏工作电压不得小于（）MΩ。
A.2； B.2； C.1； D.0.5；
11 电弧熄灭的条件是( )。
A．去游离过程大于游离过程B．去游离过程等于游离过程C．游离过程大于去游离过程
12 用兆欧表测试前必须( )。
A．使被测物带电B．切断被测设备电源C．对电源没有要求
13 所谓快速断路器，是指总分闸时间不大于( )S的断路器。
A．0.3 B．0.4 C．0.5
14 带电作业工具的电气试验周期为( )。
A．3个月B．6个月C．12个月
15 发电机定子线圈的测温元件，通常都埋设在( )。
A．上层线棒槽口处B．下层线棒与铁芯之间C．上、下层线棒之间
16 发电机绕组中流过电流之后，就在绕组的导体内产生损耗而发热，这种损耗称为( )。
A．铁损耗B．铜损耗C．涡流损耗
17 为把电流输送到远方，减少线路上的电能损耗，主要采用( )。
A、提高变压器输出电压；B、增大线路导线截面，减小电阻；C、提高功率因数，减小无功。
18 发电机自动电压调整器用的电压互感器的二次侧（）。
A、不装熔断器；B、应装熔断器；C、应装过负荷小开关。
19 发电机供出的电能是由( )转换来的。
A．动能B．机械能C．化学能
20 电力系统在运行中，突然短路引起的过电压叫做( ) 过电压。
A．大气B．操
作C．弧光接地
三、判断题（每题1分共20分）
1 瓦斯保护是变压器的主后备保护。
( )
2 发电机励磁的主要作用是调节无功与有功。
( )
3 运行中的电气设备是指全部带有电压的电气设备。
( )
4 TA二次不能短路。
( )
5 我厂发电机励磁回路使用500～1000V兆欧表测量，绝缘电阻值应不小于1MΩ。
( )
6 发电机转子线圈温度不应超过95℃，最高不得超过105℃。
( )
7 断开发电机灭磁开关前应将发电机的定子电压降低为零。
( )
8 有载调压的变压器进行分接头调压时，可不投入有载调压瓦斯保护。
( )
9 机组启动或停运时，当有功负荷至50%（75MW）及以上时，方可将6KV厂用系统电源的切换。
( )
10 电动机测量绝缘的时间不得小于1分钟。
( )
11 正常情况下，两组蓄电池可以并列运行。
( )
12 发电机失磁定子电流表显示降低。
( )
13 励磁回路断线转子电压降低，定子电压升高。
( )
14 电流互感器二次回路开路，电流表显示为零。
( )
15 任何电气设备不允许无保护投入运行。
( )
16 母线送电前，应先投入母线PT。
( )
17 线路送电后应立即投入线路保护。
( )
18 励磁变过负荷，该保护带时限动作于信号。
( )
19 发电机正常并网时应使用同期装置自动并网。
( )
20 6kV备用电源失电是快切装置的闭锁条件之一。
( )
四、简答题（每题10分共30分）
1、我厂变压器装有哪些保护（10分）
2、#1发电机 12PT C相故障现象及处理(20分)。