英语讲义(附翻译)1

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2016年高考英语冲刺讲义(翻译1)

该结构通常译为“随着... ...”。注意：as作连词时也可以译为“随着...”，但后面必须跟句子。
2. with +宾语+非谓语动词作宾语补足语（现在分词表主动；过去分词表被动；不定式表将来）
3. with+宾语+名词、副词、形容词、介词作宾语补足语（表示状态）
二．专题精讲
1.毋庸置疑中国的经济崛起使得中国在国际事务中扮演着越来越重要的角色。（16届松江一中高三下月考）
They think / consider / feel it no use / good doing
It is likely that sb./sth.… = sb / sth is likely to do…
It is possible / probable that sb./sth.…
8. It is hard to imagine /say / believe…
I would be grateful/thankful (to sb.) if you could do sth.
18. It won’t be long before …
→It will be …before…
It is / was the first / second time that … (现在完成时/过去完成时)
解析：despite the fact that...句型
8.理所当然的认为一个小孩喜欢吃任何提供给他的东西，他可能就会这样。(take)（16上大附中高三上期中考）
解析：take it for granted that句型；whatever引导宾语从句
9.和人们的期望相反，这个学校的暴力问题的数量不降反升。(contrary)

《英语翻译基础》讲义及《样题和答案》

英语翻译基础讲义第一章翻译的基本原则1.Nature of Translation(翻译的性质)Translation is a science.Translation is an art.Translation is a craft.Translation is a skill.Translation is an operation.Translation is a language activity.Translation is communication2.Principles of Translation(翻译的原则)Three characters “信，达，雅”（faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance）———严复《天演论》Three characters “信，达，切”(faithfulness, expressiveness and closeness) ———刘重德《翻译十讲》Summary:忠实与通顺(1) Faithfulness of Translation (翻译的忠实)Strictly speaking, faithfulness is the generalization of the principles of translation. That’s to say, true translation demands that the translator be faithful to the content, language and style of the original at the same time.Eg. 1.War, pestilence and famine consumed one million people.战争，瘟疫和饥馑毁掉了一百万人。

该句译文从三个方面与原文都是一致的。

内容上，措辞完全对应；形式上，中英文都是陈述句，且语序相同。

(完整版)五年级第一单元英语讲义unit1

Unit1.This is my day一．本单元重点.二．课文解析1. This is my day.这是我的一天。

This is his /her day.这是他/她的一天。

2. When do you get up?你什么时候起床？（1）When=What time 什么时候，几点，都是来询问什么时间的。

例如：When do you go to school? 你什么时候去学校？=What time do you go to school?（2）get up. 意思是“起床”固定搭配，它的反义词是“go to bed 上床睡觉”3. I usually get up at 6:30.usually.是频率副词，其他的频率副词有：always,总是，often,经常，通常.sometimes.有时例如：I always go to school at 8:00我总是八点去学校。

I often go to school at 8:00.我通常八点去学校。

4. Oh, look here! This is my weekend timetable.哦，看这！这是我的周末时间表。

timetable 时间表。

它是由time和table 组合成了timetable.像这样的词叫做合成词。

time时间. table 这里是”表格”的意思。

表格里的时间称之为“时间表”另外：table还有桌子的意思。

那么它和desk有什么区别呢?table:通常指吃饭、娱乐、游戏等用的“餐桌、餐台、茶几”等，一般无抽屉用短语at table：“吃饭、进餐”，at a(the) table “在桌子旁”，而不一定是在吃饭。

例如：They are at table.他们在吃饭。

He studies at the table every day. 他每天坐在桌边学习。

desk多指学习、办公用的有抽屉的“课桌、书桌、写字台”等。

如: ten desks and chairs十套课桌椅。

2010十月联考英语讲义(翻译)

4．经济 In the new century, the trend towards economic globalization has grown stronger. The New
Economy has developed at an extraordinary speed. There is no denying that economic globalization has triggered ① more fierce market competition worldwide. As major players in economic activities and technological innovation, enterprises are obviously under pressure from competition.
Although protection of the environment has long been a matter of basic state policy for the Chinese government, it is an undeniable fact that, on the whole, efforts to improve the environment have largely failed to match destructive forces working against them. The whole country should contribute to comprehensive ecological improvement in the coming half century.
难点提示： ① 交易 ② 小型广告栏 ③ 不断保持联系参考译文：传统的市场是买主和卖主接头进行买卖活动的地方。我们大多数的城镇都有集市，在那里买卖进行的方式几百年来几乎没有什么变化。然而在现代世界里，市场的安排使得买主和卖主能够彼此有效地交流，从而确定价格进行交易。买主和卖主不必碰面，电话网络可以提供他们之间有效的联系，地方报纸上的“小型广告”栏也可以提供这种便利。在外贸市场上，商人们你东我西，常常远隔千里。但是电信网络使他们不断保持联系，他们可以像在同一间屋子里一样有效地进行交易。

外研版七年级下册M1U1学习讲义课文翻译重点短语句子,语法讲解

Module1 Lost and FoundUnit1一．课文翻译：李老师：欢迎大家回到学校！首先，来看看失物招领箱！里面有好多东西。

这是谁的书包？玲玲：哦，对不起！是我的。

我的蜡笔也在里面吗？李老师：这些蜡笔是你的吗？玲玲：是的，是我的，还有这块橡皮也是。

谢谢你李老师：这些磁带是谁的？大明：是我的。

李老师：这里有一个紫色的钱包。

托尼：它是我的。

看！这里有我的名字“托尼”！谢谢。

李老师：不客气！看这块不错的表，也是你的吗,大明？大明：不，不是。

我想它是贝蒂的。

玲玲：是的，是她的。

李老师：同学们，从现在开始，请大家注意保管好自己的物品。

大明：这里有一些漂亮的手套。

他们是谁的？李老师：让我看看……哦，他们是我的！谢谢你！二．重点短语1. lost and found box 失物招领箱2. welcome back 欢迎回来3. first of all 首先4. here is/are... 这有...5. from now on 从现在开始6. be careful with 小心保管7. whose bag 谁的包三．重点句型1. Welcome back to school! 欢迎回到学校！2. Whose bag is this? 这是谁的书包？3. It’s mine. 它是我的。

4. Are these crayons yours? 这些是你的蜡笔吗？5. Whose tapes are these? 这些是谁的磁带？6. Here’s a purple wallet! 这儿有个紫色钱包。

7. I think it’s Betty’s. 我认为它是贝蒂的。

8. Everyone, please be careful with your things from now on. 请大家从今以后仔细对待你们的东西。

四．重点讲解1.Whose gloves are these? 这些手套是谁的？。

英汉翻译讲义

E-C Translation Course NotesDefinitionTranslation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.(Eugene A. Nida)Significance of TranslationPlays the key role in inter-cultural communication1. Bringing about mutual understanding and friendliness among nations.2. Enriching our own experiences and knowledge of the world.The most important media in international trade and business. ------No translation, no globalization.The Criteria of TranslationTytler (p.5)严复：faithfulness, intelligibility, and elegance(信达雅)林语堂：忠实，通顺，美钱钟书：化境傅雷：神似The procedures of translationAccurate comprehensionAdequate representationCareful proofreadingRequirements on the translatorsGood command of the languagesWide scope of knowledgeSensitive to cultural differencesHard working and willing to sacrifice personal gains and interestsStrong sense of responsibilityLiteral Vs. free translationsThe former focuses on a word-for-word translation of the source text into the target text; while the latter involves language adjustment in the process of translation.No matter what method you may use, your translation should be correct, comprehensible to the target reader and close to the original style. Only when you keep the meaning and spirit of the original sentence structure a nd/or its figure of speech can your translation be regarded as proper literal translation, otherwise it is merely mechanical translation.Similarly, only when change the original sentence structure and/or the figure of speech but make no addition or deletion of the original meaning and spirit, can your translation be regarded as proper translation; otherwise it is simply random translation.The designative meaning of a word (指称义) refers to the object, people, plant, animal, place, etc. that it represents; while the associative meaning of a word (内涵义) is the idea, quality, state, circumstance, etc. that it makes you think of.Formal vs. Functional EquivalenceFormal equivalence (形式对等) focuses on the match between the source text and the target text as close as possible in both form and content; while functional equivalence （功能对等）stresses the closest parallel of the target text to the source text in communicative function.If the communicative function of the source text can be translated into the target text without having to change the form of the former, formal equivalence should be strived for;whereas if the strict reservation of the structure of the source text constitutes an obstacle to the transmission of the communicative function, adjustment then needs to be made structurally for the establishment of functional equivalence.Hypotaxis(形合) vs. parataxis (意合)English is a language of hypotaxis(形合). It heavily depends on grammar for constructing different linguistic parts into a sentence or an article. the Grammatical meanings in the language of English are reflected in such aspects as the suffix (后缀) of a word (e.g.“-s, -ing or -ed”), the tenses(时态), the voices(语态), the moods(语气), constructions(结构), and such functional words like articles, conjunctions, pronouns or prepositions. On the contrary, Chinese, being a language of parataxis (意合),has the parts linked up with each other semantically or through the context. Therefore, when English is being translated into Chinese, some of the words mentioned above need to be omitted out of grammatical or rhetorical considerations.Syntactic marking （语法标义）vs. semotactic marking（语义标义）Syntactic marking refers to those situations when the meaning of a word in a sentence is specified by the grammatical construction of the sentence.Semotactic marking refers to the determination of the meaning of an English word by some other words in the sentence, which form the semotactic environment for that word. In other words, the context, built up by the words prior to or following the word, can often provide clues as to what the word means.Syntactic marking interplays with semotactic marking in the specification of the meaning of an English word.Form and ContentIf we assume that language is a device for communicating messages, then it follows that language and linguistic forms are means to an end rather than an end in themselves. The content is the conceptual intent of the message, together with the connotative values the source text wishes to communicate; it is what the message is about.The form, on the other hand, is the external shape the message takes to effect its passage from the source’s mind to the receptor’s mind.In transferring the message from one language to another, it is the content which must be preserved at any cost; the form, except in special cases, such as poetry, is largely secondary,variable.It is a bit like packing clothing into two different pieces of luggage: the clothes remain the same, but the shapes of the suitcases may vary greatly, and hence the ways in which the clothes are packed must be different.We preserve the form when we can, but more often the form has to be transformed precisely in order to preserve the content. An excessive effort to preserve the form inevitab ly results in a serious loss or distortion of the message.Semantic adjustment made in transfer—Specific meaning Vs. generic meaning Some of the most common shifts in meaning found in the transfer process are modifications which involve specific （个别意义）and generic （一般意义）meanings. Such shifts may go in either direction, from generic to specific , or from specific to generic.Semantic adjustment —Analytic process Vs. synthetic process分析过程综合过程In the transfer process, sometimes the semantic contents of a word or a group of words need to be redistributed through either an analytical or synthetic process. The former involves expanding the semantic content of a word over a number of words; and the latter group s the semantic contents of several words into one or two words.Structural adjustmentThere are numerous features of the sentence structure, which must be adjusted in the process of transfer from one language to another. Such features, among others, concern word and phrase order, gender, class and number concord, active and passive constructions and ellipsis，etc.Discourse adjustmentAn English discourse generally starts with a topic sentence followed by the explanatory statements or supportive examples and ends up with a conclusion. The sentences in the discourse are often logically connected with each other by such cohesive markers（连接手段）as “first of all”, “furthermore”, “in addition”, “however”, “therefore”, “to sum up”, etc. The sentences in a Chinese discourse, though not always bound up together through formally distinct devices, actually all center on the theme of the text.Translation skillsChanging the positions of some phrasesChanging words or phrases into sentencesChanging the part of speechMain clause firstChanging the positions of the major componentsAdding words when necessaryKey word repetitionBreaking a long sentence into several short sentencesLeaving out unnecessary wordsUse of four-character phrasesPositive and negative ways of expressing an ideaDealing with idiomsThe former focuses on a －translation of the －text into the －text; while the latter involves language －in the process of translation.No matter what method you may use, your translation should be －, c－to the target reader and close to the original －. Only when you keep the－and－of the original sentence－a nd/or its－can your translation be regarded as proper literal translation, otherwise it is merely m－translation.Similarly, only when change the original sentence structure and/or the figure of speech but make no addition or deletion of the original meaning and spirit, can your translation be regarded as proper translation; otherwise it is simply r－translation. Designative Vs. associative meaningsThe designative meaning of a word (指称义) refers to the object, people, plant, animal, place, etc. that it－; while the associative meaning of a word (内涵义) is the idea, quality, state, circumstance, etc. that it makes you－.Formal vs. Functional EquivalenceFormal equivalence (形式对等) focuses on the －between the source text and the target text as close as possible in both －and －; while functional equivalence （功能对等）stresses the c- p- of the target text to the source text in －function.If the communicative function of the source text can be translated into the target text without having to change the form of the former, －should be strived for; whereas if the strict reservation of the structure of the source text constitutes an obstacle to the transmission of the communicative function, adjustment then needs to be made s-for the establishment of functional equivalence.Hypotaxis(形合) vs. parataxis (意合)English is a language of —. It heavily depends on ——for constructing different linguistic parts into a sentence or an article. the Grammatical meanings in the language of English are reflected in such aspects as the s- (后缀) of a word (e.g.“-s, -ing or -ed”), the t-(时态), the v-(语态), the m-(语气), c-(结构), and such functional words like a-, c-, p- or p-. On the contrary, Chinese, being a language of---, has the parts linked up with each other s- or through the c-. Therefore, when English is being translated into Chinese, some of the words mentioned above need to be o-out of g- or r- considerations.Syntactic marking （语法标义）vs. semotactic marking（语义标义）Syntactic marking refers to those situations when the meaning of a word in a sentence is -ed by the-cal construction of the sentence.Semotactic marking refers to the determination of the meaning of an English word by some other words in the sentence, which form the - environment for that word. In other words, the-, built up by the words prior to or following the word, can often provide clues as to what the word means.Syntactic marking interplays with semotactic marking in the -of the meaning of an English word.Form and ContentIf we assume that language is a device for communicating messages, then it follows that - and -c forms are means to an end rather than an end in themselves. The content is the ---------of the message, together with the - values the source text wishes to communicate; it is what the message is about.The form, on the other hand, is the --------------the message takes to effect its passage from the source’s mind to the receptor’s mind.In transferring the message from one language to another, it is the content which must be preserved at any cost; the form, except in special cases, such as ------, is largely secondary, since within each language the rules for content to form are highly c-, a-, and v-.It is a bit like packing clothing into two different pieces of luggage: the clothes remain the same, but the shapes of the suitcases may vary greatly, and hence the ways in which the clothes are packed must be different.We preserve the form when we can, but more often the form has to be transformed precisely in order to preserve the content. An excessive effort to preserve the form inevitably results in a serious loss or distortion of the message.。

非常完整的新概念英语一讲义

新（一）讲课步骤一上课（起立问好）1.自我介绍;2.介绍新(一)分三期学完, 本期从第1—48课,全册分三期学完；3.宣读《学生守则》；强调安全及纪律性；二正课部分1. 单词讲解:先让学生逐个起来诵读单词，学生读一个老师讲一个;教师对单词讲解并拓词.单词完先由老师领读(一升一降),然后再找学生带读、齐读。

2. 语法:在黑板上标明“语法”与“语法内容”讲解语法须标明各项内容名称，如“定义”“构成，步骤”等。

语法讲解后领学生做“课堂语法练习题”（或利用练习册语法题部分）或汉译英。

3. 课文:听录音（合着书）回答课题中的问题,要求学生将答案写在书上。

分析课文的内容，划出本课的语法现象（短语、句子）用符号●标出，称为语法符号。

抽词组并对课文中的专有名词（人名、地名）标出音标。

学生齐读或学生分角色朗读课文。

三副课部分1.单词讲解（同正课部分）:此部分灵活掌握，如单词较少或补充内容不多，可与正课单词放在一块讲解。

处理课后练习和课课练。

2.语法讲解.四做练习1. 副课填空题：当堂必须全部完成,对答案；2. 句型题要求：A 较简单的题，须说明步骤、技巧。

B 较难的题，须把题型板书到黑板上，再说明做题步骤、技巧。

C 如句型题中出现新的语法现象，须将语法讲解清楚,带着学生做题。

D 句型题根据上课具体情况安排，数个至全部在课堂上由学生完成，其余题或典型题留成作业。

五作业：学生应准备三个本，（两个作业本AB，一个听写本）1.课文（正课）背写一遍→家长签字。

收改；2.单词（正课+副课）带音标抄3遍。

汉语一遍收改（前48课第一期，后两期可省去）；3.课后练习题（句型题）做在本子上，前5个或一半，收改；4.课课练与本课对应练习完成。

收改；（其中难题在第四部分上课解决）。

5.单词、课文在下次课上分别听写、默写,100分者在听写本上扣章。

6.奖励方法:听写得连续5个一级棒,换一个小博士, 一期结束,看谁得最多有奖品;六其他：1.收测试卷费，订课课练答案；2.严格遵守“喝茶”及“考试、考勤”制度；3. 试卷考完后利用课堂最后的时间进行讲解，考试内容较多的分次讲解。

WeLearn.四级翻译lesson1讲义

四级翻译一. 题型简介全国大学英语四级考试的翻译部分将由原单句汉译英调整文段落汉译英，翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等题材。

题目要求：四级长度为140-160 个汉字；六级长度为180-200 个汉字。

做题时间：30 分钟分数：15% （106.5 分）历年真题回顾：2013. 12：中餐，茶文化，中国结2014. 6：核能，农村教育，读书的重要性2014. 12：旅游，大熊猫，互联网，假日经济2015. 6：中国经济，中国主食，中国快递2015. 12：望子成龙，丽江古镇，汉语比赛2016. 6：功夫，风筝，乌镇2016. 12：红色，白色，黄色2017. 6：长江，珠江，黄河2017. 12：华山，黄山，泰山二. 评分标准本题满分为15 分，成绩分为六个档次：13-15 分、10-12 分、7-9 分、4-6 分、1-3 分和0 分。

各档次的评分标准见下表：档次评判标准13-15 分译文准确表达了原文的意思。

用词贴切，行文流畅，基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。

10-12 分译文基本上表达了原文的意思。

文字通顺、连贯，无重大语言错误。

7-9 分译文勉强表达了原文的意思。

用词欠准确，语言错误相当多，其中有些是严重语言错误。

4-6 分译文仅表达了一小部分原文的意思。

用词不准确，有相当多的严重语言错误。

1-3 分译文支离破碎。

除个别词语或句子，绝大部分文字没有表达原文意思。

0 分未作答，或只有几个孤立的词，或译文与原文毫不相关。

总标准：卷面整洁，无漏翻译，无太多错误1. 卷面不整洁，酌情扣分2. 无过多语法错误否则：不高于65 分（1）主谓一致（2）缺谓语/多谓语（3）非谓语动词的误用3. 无过多细小错误1). 时态：注意中文提示词：正在—be doing已，已经—has/have done将，将会—will do2). 拼写错误：假期：vocation/vacation态度：attitude/altitude/aptitude3). 用词错误：厨师：cook/chef误：cooker食客：diner晚餐：dinner误：eating people4).词性误用烹饪技巧：cooking skills误: cook skills5). 冠词错误the need of self-defense误：need of self-defense6). 大小写错误7). 单复数错误phenomenon/phenomena, criterion /criteria未雨绸缪：plan ahead许多人喜欢中餐。

Unit1Lesson1Lifestyles课文讲解及句子成分分析讲义高中英语北师大版

Unit 1 Lesson1 a篇课文讲解及句子成分分析一.课文及翻译：I ' m a digital native !我是数字原住民！I ' m Joe , a student from London .You ' ll often find me sitting in front of my laptop .我是乔，一名来自伦敦的学生。

你经常会发现我坐在笔记本电脑前。

The online world is a big part of my life . I ' m a " digital native " I ' ve been using the puter since I was a kid .网络世界是我生活的重要组成部分。

我是一个“数字原住民”——我从小就开始使用电脑。

I do a wide range of things online .我在网上做各种各样的事情。

Besides doing all my schoolwork , I chat with my friends , watch films and read the daily news and other interesting articles ;除了完成所有的学校作业外，我还和朋友们聊天、看电影、阅读每日新闻和其他有趣的文章；I also shop for various things online , such as books , puter hardware and other necessities .我还在网上购买各种东西，比如书籍、电脑硬件和其他必需品。

It ' s so convenient to be able to pare the quality and prices from different online shops before I buy .在购买之前，能够比较不同网店的质量和价格真是太方便了。

英语课件翻译技巧之一splitting-讲义

渊博，但又觉得不好意思，没有说出口。
谢谢Βιβλιοθήκη 观译文：能量既不能被创造也不能被消灭，
这是一条普遍公认的规律。
把原文的一个句子的含义拆开，译成两个或两个以上的汉语句子。
His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in the machine's breaking down .
译文：顺便提一下，我希望能在这些国家得
到比我在美国所能得到的更好的治疗。
把原文中的一个短语的隐含意义译成句子，使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的汉语句子。
Energy can neither be created nor destroyed,
a universally accepted law.
译文：他们所必须做的只是按一下开关。开关一
开, 就可以看到电视剧、电影、歌剧, 以及其他各种各样的文艺节目。至于政治问题的辩论、最近的激动人心的足球赛更是不在话下。
2. Mr. Myles still smiled but his voice had a little bit of irritation in it, unusual to Rob.
译文：迈尔斯先生依然面带微笑，可是他的口气
却有点不耐烦了，罗布很少见到这种情况。
5. She wanted to tell John how surprised she was at his knowledge but embarrassment made her hold her peace.
译文：她本想告诉约翰，没料到他的知识竟有如此
把原文中的一个单词的隐含意义译成句子，使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的汉语句子。

英语翻译讲义

翻译加减转独调句子（英翻中）理解正确（确定主干，切分成分，独立成句）表达通顺（调整语序，赋予含义，增词减词）目录一词义的选择 (2)二词组的积累 (2)三增词的译法（2+1=2 加词不加义） (3)1加名词 (3)2 adj 充当表语时加程度副词 (3)3加动词 (3)4 (3)5 (4)6 复数名词加量词 (4)7并列的增补 (4)四减词的译法（2-1=2 减词不加义） (4)1 系动词 (4)2 定语从句和同位语从句的先行词 (4)3 连词 (5)五词的处理 (5)（一）介词处理 (5)（二）代词处理 (5)（三）人名处理 (5)（四）名词处理 (6)（五）副词处理 (6)（六）形容词性的词（adj v-ing v-ed）处理 (6)六成分的处理 (6)（一）定语（从句）处理 (6)（二）同位语（从句）处理 (7)（三）状语最佳位置 (7)（四）插入语处理（任何成分都可充当插入语） (8)（五）形式主语处理 (8)（六）there be 处理 (8)（七）被动语态处理 (8)（八）比较结构处理 (9)（九）并列结构的处理（识别后补全） (11)一词义的选择1.The intellectual equipment（储备，修养，结构）of an educated person2.The special preserve（专业知识）of lawyers3.His function（职业，责任，任务）is analogous to that of a judge4.He has not been charged（负责，主管，主抓）with the task5.He did not accept the charge（指责）made by some of his critics as well founded（是有根据的）6.His primary task is not to think about the moral code（规范）which governs（支配）his activity7.Developed（形成）the idea8. A unique and distinctly（非常）social science9.Children will play with dolls玩偶equipped with装有配有personality chip芯片10.This ability is built into us（与生俱来）in the same way好像that our body knowhow to heal a cut二词组的积累at the outset 一开始jump to the rescue 匆匆介入be obliged to do sth 被迫be obliged to sth 感谢on a daily basis 日常/每天take root 扎根、sort out 解决rests upon 取决于author of note有影响力的人piece together 汇编in…terms就…而言to kill two birds with one stone 异化（一石二鸟），归化（一箭双雕）to laugh off one’s head 归化（笑掉大牙）an uncharted continent 未知的大陆chart（航行）bound for 驶向virgin forest 原始森林in anticipation of 预计到=because ofthe competitive edge 竞争优势rip out 废除，撕毁，拆除joining the dots 了解mark sb out 使谁出类拔萃/与众不同fund-raising method 资金募集手段bring A to a close =bring to a close A （结束A）to the letter 严格地，不折不扣地pang of sth 一阵…f lash of sth …闪现a flash in the pan 归化（昙花一现）die down 减弱；平息next to 除开trade-off （名词）权衡，考虑may well 完全可能fronted by 由…领导liken A to B 把A比作Bstems from 源于end up（有时加with）最终成为，最后处于（往往是你不愿意的结果）no end=very muchi t upset me no end to hear they’d split up 听说他们要离婚，我感到非常不安keep your end up 不泄气，保持乐观make end meet 保持收支平衡at the end of the day 说到底we end ed up convinced …最后我们确信…bear the brunt of 首当其冲（brunt冲击；主要冲力）prepare A for B 让A做好应对B的准备deserving people 需要救济的人士三增词的译法（2+1=2 加词不加义）1加名词Studies serve for delight, for ornament and for ability读书可以使人从中获得乐趣，可以给人添加文采，可以使人增长才干。

Unit1课文翻译和词汇汇总讲义高中英语译林牛津版选择性

高中英语选必四U1 课文翻译和词汇一、课文翻译“它有时会把一个好人变成一个坏人，”控制局面的高个子说。

“你已经被捕十分钟了，’狡猾的'鲍勃。

芝加哥警方以为你会顺路过来然后给我们发了电报。

他们想和你谈谈。

在我们去车站之前，这里有张纸条给你。

是巡警威尔斯写来的。

”The man from the West unfolded the paper. The note was rather short.从西部来的人打开纸。

这封信相当短。

"Bob: I was at the appointed place on time. When you struck the match to light your cigar I saw it was the face of the criminal wanted in Chicago. Anyhow I couldn't arrest you myself, so I got a plain-clothes man to do the job. JIMMY." (Adapted from 0•Henry's short story of the same title)鲍勃:我准时到了约定的地点。

当你划着火柴点燃雪茄时，我看到那是一张芝加哥通缉犯的脸。

无论如何，我不能亲自逮捕你，所以我找了个便衣去做这件事。

吉米。

”（改编自欧•亨利的同名短篇小说）Integrated skillsUnderstanding white lies理解善意的谎言The ugly truth丑陋的真相"Happy birthday, Anne," said my grandma, handing me a brightly wrapped parcel with a big red bow. It was my birthday dinner, a special treat, and the whole family were there-my parents, grandma, grandad, aunt, uncle and nephew.“生口快乐，安妮，”奶奶说着递给我一个包装得很鲜艳的包裹，上面有一个大大的红色蝴蝶结。

00012英语一2012年版讲义Unit1

Unit1Foreign Language LearningA FAMOUS QUOTEA man who does not know a foreign language is ignorant of his own.——Johann Wolfgang von Goethe一个不懂得外语的人，也不会真正了解自己的母语。

——约翰·沃尔夫冈·冯·歌德Johann Wolfgang von Goethe（1749-1832）,German poet,novelist, playwright,statesman and scientist.Goethe is one of the great figures in the history of German literature and best known for his two-part poetic drama Faust,which he started around the age of twenty-three and didn't finish till shortly before his death sixty years later.约翰·沃尔夫冈·冯·歌德享年83岁，德国诗人、剧作家、政治家和科学家。

他是德国历史上最伟大的人物之一。

他的最著名的上下两部诗剧《浮士德》，从23岁开始创作直至他临终前完成，耗时近六十年。

Speaking ActivityStarting a ConversationSample DialogueRead the following conversation.Pay attention to how the speakers greet and introduce each other.Steve:Hi.I don't think we've met.My name's Steve.Jenny:Hi,Steve.Nice to meet you.My name's Juanita,but everybody calls me Jenny.Steve:It's a pleasure to meet you,Jenny.Jenny:Sorry,what was your name again?Steve:Steve.Jenny:So Steve,what do you do for a living?Steve:I work at the public library.How about you?Jenny:I'm a university student.Steve:That's great.So,where do you study?Jenny:Carnegie Mellon University.CMU is a global research university recognized for world-class arts and technology programs. It's the best university in the world for my major.Steve:Great for you!It was really nice meeting you.Jenny:Yeah.It was a pleasure meeting you too.注：卡内基·梅隆大学成立于1990年，位于美国宾州的匹兹堡，是一所研究型的私立大学，也是美国的重点大学之一。

英汉翻译讲义1

Bilingual Reading 1The QuestTaking the train, the two friends arrived in Berlin in late October 1922, and went directly to the address of Chou En-lai. Would this man receive them as fellow countrymen, or would he treat them with cold suspicion and question them cautiously about their past careers as militarists? Chu Teh remembered his age. He was thirty-six, his youth had passed like a screaming eagle, leaving him old and disillusioned.When Chou En-lai’s door opened they saw a slender man of more than av erage height with gleaming eyes and a face so striking that it bordered on the beautiful. Yet it was a manly face, serious and intelligent, and Chu judged him to be in his middle twenties.Chou was a quiet and thoughtful man, even a little shy as he welcomed his visitors, urged them to be seated and to tell how he could help them.Ignoring the chair offered him, Chu Teh stood squarely before this youth more than ten years his junior and in a level voice told him who he was, what he had done in the past, how he had fled from Yunnan, talked with Sun Yat-sen, been repulsed by Chen Tu-hsiu in Shanghai, and had come to Europe to find a new way of life for himself and a new revolutionary road for China. He wanted to join the Chinese Communist Party group in Berlin, he would study and work hard, he would do anything he was asked to do but return to his old life, which had turned to ashes beneath his feet.As he talked Chou En-lai stood facing him, he head a little to one side as was his habit, listening intently until the story was told, and then questioning him.When both visitors had told their stories, Chou smiled a little, said he would help them find rooms, and arrange for them to join the Berlin Communist group as candidates until their application had been sent to China and an answer received. When the reply came a few months later they were enrolled as full members, but Chu’s membership was kept a secret from outsiders.(from Agnes Smedley, The Great Road)译文：探索他们两个人坐火车于一九二二年十月到达柏林，立即去周恩来的住处。

大学英语高级翻译讲义及答案

大学英语高级翻译讲义及答案篇一：全新大学英语课后翻译1. As it was a formal dinner party, I wore formal dress, as mother told me to.2. His girlfriend advised him to get out of/ get rid of his bad habit of smoking before it took hold.3. Anticipating that the demand for electricity will be high during the next few months, they have decided to increase its production.4. It is said that Bill has been fired for continually violating the company’s safety rules./ Bill is said to be fired for continually violating the company’s safety rules.5. It is reported that the government has taken proper measures to avoid the possibility of a severe water shortage./ The local government is reported to have taken proper measures to avoid the possibility of a severe water shortage.Unit 21. Half an hour had gone by, but the last bus hadn’t come yet. We had to walk home.2. Mary looks as if she is very worried about the Chinese exam because she hasn’t learned the texts by heart.3. Since the basketball match has been postponed, we might as well visit the museum.4. He stayed in Australia with his parents all the way through World War II.5. Since I graduated from Nanjing University in 1985, I have kind of lost touch with my classmates.Unit 31. As is predicted by scientists, global pollution has become one of the most serious problems humans are faced with.2. Competition for these jobs is very tough-we have five times as many applicants this year as we did last year/ there are five times as many applicants this year as there were last year.3. As the facts show, educational programs need to fit into the national plan for economic development.4. The car burns too much gas, and moreover, the price is almost twice as much as I intend to pay.5. To understand a great international event, we, first of all, need to consider the historical and political background to it.Unit 41. It is reported that the UN mediators have worked out a plan which they hope will be acceptable to both sides.2. Doris walked in the forest cautiously, afraid of being attacked by giant snakes.3. Earthquakes, typhoons and other natural disasters cannot be prevented, but action can be taken to protect life and property.4. I bought a new issue of my favorite sports magazine and hurried home, anxious to amuse myself reading it.5. Helen lacks confidence, I have never known anyone so unsure of herself.Unit 51. I am not sure where you can find a good carpenter--you’d better ask around.2. Feeling a little embarrassed, he quickly cleared his throat and looked up at the painting on the wall.3. Michael was survived by three sons, two daughters, and his wife Elizabeth.4. As a financial expert, William advised us to invest our money in the stock market.5. We small retailers can not compete with supermarkets in pricing and sales.1. Before I went off to university, my grandfather gave me a few words of wisdom which impressed me deeply.2. Never tell my parents about my injuries and I will be very grateful to you for it.3. At the meeting some of our colleagues put forward sensible suggestions about improving our working environment.4. The management has/ have agreed to grant the workers a 10% pay rise in response to union pressure.5. It was very thoughtful of the hostess to give the house a thorough cleaning before we arrived. Unit 71. A local business undertook the project but went bankrupt before it was completed.2. Let’s make a deal--you wash my car, and I’ll let you use it tonight.3. We got to village which we thought must have been wiped out in the severe earthquake, only to find it slightly damaged.4. My garden is dry and shady--few plants thrive in that condition.5. Mystery still surrounds the exact truth behind the film star’s death/ exact circumstan ces of the film star’s death.Unit 81. Without one’s personal file, an applicant can hardly expect to be/get employed as a teacher.2. With enough ice, we would be able to chill the drinks.3. In my humble opinion, reading is the most pleasant way to spend one’s leisure.4. Some people said it was a miracle that the American athlete Michael Phelps won eight gold medals at the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.5. The washing machine has broken down, so we have to wash our clothesby hand.篇二：英语高级翻译学生材料讲义(1)英语高级翻译学生材料汉译英总论一、原文特点：1、题材2、体裁3、语言特点：语体偏正式二、增强汉译英能力的途径。

汉译英讲义

UNIT 1一．汉译英概述1．汉译英的重要性经济全球化的日益发展，使文化全球化成为可能。

如今，任何国家都不可能在一个封闭的环境下独善其身（stay alone and pay no attention to others），任何民族的文化发展，都离不开与其他文化的交流、借鉴（borrow ideas, draw lessons from each other）和融合（integration）。

不同文化之间的交流，是人类发展的动力。

随着中国参与国际化进程日渐深入，中国人和中国商品走向世界，以及西方世界对于中国文化的浓厚兴趣，社会对于翻译实践提出了新的要求，即需要大量“汉译英”翻译人才将中文文本译成外文，尤其是英文。

由于中国语言文字的特殊性，也由于历史和现实的原因，精通中文的外国人太少，所以要将中文优秀作品介绍到国外，必须由中国人自己来进行翻译工作。

2．汉译英人才短缺中国缺乏“汉译英”人才。

中国目前每年汉译英的出版物仅1000多种，而每年进入中国的英译汉出版物却超过万种，是汉译英作品的14倍。

（出版贸易逆差）如果是把英文译成中文，每千字稿费需要50元至60元，而把中文译成英文或其他文字，稿费就达每千字300元。

即便这样，也很难找到了解中国文化，又具有高超外语写作能力的人。

能担此重任的，通常是汉学家（sinologist / Sinology: the knowledge or study of China, its language and culture）和在国外生活多年的中国学者。

（赵月瑟 / deputy editor-in-chief, Shanghai Translation Publishing House）“中国真正合格‘中译英’人才不足百人，缺少‘中译英’，将导致文化上的‘逆差’。

”（黄友义 / Vice Chairman, International Federation of Translators）3．汉译英是一个难点一年一度的“韩素音青年翻译奖”是英籍著名华裔作家韩素音女士，于1989年3月专门为中国青年人设立的，是目前我国最高的翻译竞赛奖。

英汉语言对比与翻译讲义(一)

英汉语言对比与翻译讲义（一）一、西方圣经翻译纵观西方翻译史，有几件大事尤其值得我们特别注意，第一是罗马人征服希腊以后，发现希腊灿烂的文明远远高出罗马，于是翻译之风大盛，代表人物有西塞罗(Cicero，106-43B.C.)、贺拉斯( Horatius，65-8B.C.)、昆体良(Quintilianus，35?-95?)，这一时期的主要特点是活译，以原文为基础的创造性翻译，翻译和创作之间没有根本的界限。

我们今天发现罗马神话很多不过是希腊神话的翻版，原因盖出于此。

第二件大事：7、8世纪，阿拉伯人向外扩张，征服了希腊世界，雅典成了翻译中心。

大批叙利亚学者来到雅典，把希腊作品译成古叙别亚语，带回巴格达；巴格达的翻译活动也非常活跃，翻译成古叙别亚语的译品和一些希腊原作被译成阿拉伯语。

但在10、11世纪，阿拉伯学术研究开始走下坡路，阿拉伯语作品于是大量涌向西班牙，托莱多取代了巴格达，成为欧洲的“翻译院”，书写于阿拉伯语的大量希腊作品又被译成拉丁语。

还有就是贯穿西方翻译史的《圣经》的翻译。

《圣经》的《旧约》(Old Testament)成书于公元前，原是犹太教的经典，原文为希伯来语(Hebrew)。

《新约》(New Testament)成2世纪下半叶，原文为希腊语。

公元前3世纪，耶路撒冷的主教应埃及国王的请求，派人去亚历山大城承担《旧约》的翻译工作。

于是，在285～249 B.C.年间，有72名高贵的犹太学者云集亚历山大城，从事这项翻译工作。

据传，这72名学者来自12个不同的以色列部落，每个部落6名。

他们来到亚历山大图书馆，两人一组，分在36个地方进行翻译，译出36篇彼此极为相似的译文。

最后，72人结合在一起，对36篇译稿进行对比，在措辞上取得一致意见，这个译本被称之为《七十子文本》或《七十贤士译本》，或《七十子希腊文本》(Septuagint)。

这个文本成了“第二原本”，有时甚至取代希伯来语文本而成为第一原本。

大学英语讲义1-10

大学英语讲义1-10语法基本句型句子的主要成分是主语和谓语。

英语的基本句型有五种：主语用S表示，谓语用V表示，宾语用O表示；表语用C表示，宾语补足语也是C。

1.SV （主谓结构）2.SVC (主系表)3.S V O（主谓宾）4.S V O O（主谓＋双宾）5.S V O C（主谓宾＋宾补）这五种基本句型的特点：都有主语和谓语；而谓语动词类别的不同决定了谓语结构的不同，不同谓语结构决定了它后面所跟的句子成分不同，从而形成不同类型的句子。

1.主谓结构（SV）for example: The fruit store has closed.那家水果店关门了。

They have been singing and dancing for two hours.他们又唱又跳已经两个小时了。

The plane will take off soon.飞机很快就要起飞。

They will fly to London.他们将飞往伦敦。

2.主――系――表（SVC）系动词表示主语的性质、状态。

常用系动词：be, become, look, seem, appear, get, feel, grow（变得）, turn（变成）, remain （仍然是）, come（变得）, fall（变得），hold(保持)，keep（保持），stand（保持），stay（保持），smell（闻起来），sound （听起来），taste(尝起来)go: 作系动词时，意为：变得The milk has gone bad.牛奶已经变质了。

For example:（1）The motor is out of order.这台电机出了毛病。

（2）Her mother has fallen ill.她母亲生病了。

（3）The weather is getting quite warm.天气变得相当暖和。

（4）The roses smell sweet.这些玫瑰气味很香。

【翻译】考研英语翻译讲义

考研英语翻译讲义【词类活译】1.A well-dressed man ,who looked and talked like an American,got into the car. 译文：一个衣着讲究的人钻进了轿车，他的外表和谈吐都像是个美国人；【代词归位】代词所指的对象一般在前文找到，但是有些状语从句前置时，造成迷惑，指代的内容不在状语从句中，而是在后文；1.Pollution is the price we pay for an overpopulated,over-industrialized planet.When we come to think about it ,there are only four ways you can deal with rubbish :dump it ,burn it,turn it into so mething you can use again ,attempt to produce less of it译文：当我们开始考虑垃圾问题时，我们只有四种对付垃圾的方法：倾倒，焚烧，让其变成再生材料或努力减少垃圾；【语态转换】被动语态首先考虑译成主动语态，其次保留原文的被动形式，再次灵活处理；若存在动作的发出者，通常译成主动语态，对于不言自明的发出者可适当添加，也可译成无主句；1.By the end of the war ,about 1,000 children had been rescued by the organization 译文：截止到战争结束，这个组织拯救了大约1000名儿童；2.The child is to be told not to touch the piano 译文：我们应该告诉孩子不要碰钢琴；3.About that project ,much has said but little has been done译文：关于那项工程，说的多，做的少；也可译成“被......”，“遭到......（不好的事）”，“受到......（好的事）”，“由......”，“为......所......”，“把......”等【It is ...句式翻译】It is alleged that 据说...It is rumored that 据传...It is argued that 有人主张...It is to be discussed that 需要讨论的是...There is no agreement ...人们对此看法不一It is necessary that 有必要...It is true that 诚然...It is likely that 可能...It is a mystery that 让人不解的是...It is common knowledge that 常识是...It occurred to me that 我突然想起...【状语从句】状语从句一般前置到句首，有时前置到所修饰谓语动词的前面；但结果状语从句和伴随转语从句一般不前置翻译；1.He pushed open the door gently and crept out of the room for fear that he should awake the ba by译文：为了不惊醒孩子，他轻轻推开门，蹑手蹑脚溜了进去；2.I was never allowed by my parents to do things ass I wanted to译文：父母从不允许我按照自己想要的方式来做事；3.New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past ,giving rise to new standards of elegance译文：就像以往那样，在将来，新的思维方式和新的思维对象一定会出现，并带来新的完美标准；4.The sense is growing that the Americans need to turn things round fast ,militarily and politically ,if they are to ensue that events do not get out of control;译文：人们越来越强烈地感觉到：如果美国人想确保情况不失去控制，他们就需要在军事和政治两方面，快速扭转形势；5.If experience are planned and carried out according to plan as faithfully as the reports in the sci ence journals indicate,then it is perfectly logical for management to expect research to produce r esults measurable in dollars and cents译文：如果试验被计划并像科学杂志上的报告所表明的那样忠实地按照计划得以实施，那么管理方面期待着研究能够带来可以用金钱衡量的结果也是完全符合逻辑的；【定语从句】比较短的定语从句一般合译，即译成形容词“...的”；较长的定语从句常用分译法，即单独译成一个句子，此时要翻译连接词！多个定语从句嵌套时，常将第一个定语从句合译，后面的从句分译；对于“there be ”句型的定语从句常用融合法，即将从句作为主语的谓语；还有的非限制性定语从句有状语的含义，此时用状译法译成相应的状语从句；1. The people who work for him live in moral fear of him;译文：在他手下工作的人对他惧怕得要死；2.The fine arts , such as painting and sculpture ,involve the production of works to be seen and ex perienced on an abstract level;译文：像绘画和雕塑这样的美术，往往要求创作出能够从抽象的角度加以欣赏和感受的作品；3.There are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write译文：在世界上有些地方，甚至现在人们也不会书写；4.He grabbed the letter from his rival that would prove him guilty in the smuggling case译文：他把信件从对方手里一把夺了过来，因为这封信可以证明他在走私案中的罪行；竹节式：5.A culture in which the citizens share similar religious beliefs and values is more likely to have la ws that represent the wishes of its people than is a culture where citizens come from diverse bac kgrounds译文：有的文化中，公民们拥有着相似的宗教信仰和价值观；还有的文化中，公民们来自不同文化背景，前者比后者更有可能产生代表民意的法律；洋葱式：6.Oneof my friends got pregnant in her boyfriend’s hospital room while he was recovering fro m a terrible car accident which left him partially paralyzed译文：我有一个朋友，她的男朋友遭遇了一起严重的车祸，结果导致了半身不遂。