同义替换：阅读理解正确答案的最明显特征

研习专页Ⅰ——高考英语阅读理解正确答案的最明显特征：同义转化同义转化是高考英语阅读理解正确答案的最强特征，这种同义转化关联在传统的阅读理解题型中是答对每一道题目的关键，所以考生应花相当的精力积累同义词汇、表达，对于高考阅读获取高分具有举足轻重的意义。同义转化实则是英语语篇的一种语言特征和规律即语言复现现象。它广泛地体现在英语语篇中的各个角落如语篇中的同义结构（详见本书P22页的“同义、反义结构示例”部分）、题干和原文的同义转化关系、正确答案和原文的同义转化关系。甚至书面表达部分也要用到“同义转化”，书面表达有一条重要的评分细则就是语言的多样化和丰富性，实际上就是“同义转化”的体现。以下我们专门辑录了2014年高考英语阅读理解真题原文与题干+正确选项构成同义转化关系的实例，供大家慢慢体会。（注：囿于图书篇幅限制，仅列举很小一部分以飨读者。）

1. 原文：In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizations—UNESCO and National Geographic among them—have for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect.（2014新课标全国卷ⅠD篇）

题干+正确选项：Many scholars are making efforts to rescue disappearing languages.（2014新课标全国卷Ⅰ32）

对应关系：Many scholars=scholars；making efforts to=In an effort to；rescue=prevent、documenting；disappearing languages=language loss、dying languages；are making（现在进行时）时态对应have... been

documenting（现在完成进行时）

2. 原文：The behaviour of a building’s users may be at least as important as its design when it comes to energy use, according to new research from the UK Energy Research Centre (UKERC).

But this report shows that sustainable building design on its own—though extremely important—is not enough to achieve such reductions: the behaviour of the people using the building has to change too. （2014湖南卷C篇）

题干+正确选项：As to energy use, the new research from UKERC stresses the importance of the behaviour of building users.（2014湖南卷66）

对应关系：energy use=energy use；the new research from UKERC=new research from the UK Energy Research Centre (UKERC)、this report；stresses=according to、shows；the importance= as important as；the behaviour of building users=The behaviour of a building’s users、the behaviour of the people using the building

3. 原文：Feedback (反馈) facilities, like smart meters and energy monitors，could help bridge this information gap by helping people see how changing their behaviour directly affects their energy use.（2014湖南卷C篇）

题干+正确选项：The information gap in energy use can be bridged by feedback facilities.（2014湖南卷69）

对应关系：The information gap=this information gap；energy use=energy use；can be bridged by（被动）=could help bridge（主动）；feedback facilities=Feedback facilities

4. 原文：The idea of being able to walk on water has long interested humans greatly. Sadly, biological facts prevent us ever accomplishing such a thing without artificial aid—we simply weigh too much, and all our mass pushes down through our relatively small feet, resulting in a lot of pressure that makes us sink. （2014重庆卷C篇）

题干+正确选项：Walking on water hasn't become a reality mainly because humans have biological limitations.（2014重庆卷44）

对应关系：Walking on water=walk on water；hasn't become a reality=prevent us ever accomplishing such a thing；humans=humans；biological limitations=biological facts

5. 原文：It's generally believed that people act the way they do because of their personalities and attitudes. （2014重庆卷E篇）

题干+正确选项：According to the passage, personalities and attitudes are commonly believed to determine one's behavior.（2014重庆卷52）

对应关系：personalities and attitudes=their personalities and attitudes；are commonly believed to= It's generally believed that；determine one's behavior（determine暗示因果关系）=people act the way they do because of（because of暗示因果关系）

6. 原文：All these, however, remains true only in so far as people want to