TOEFL托福全部加试机经

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月日托福机经

2009年1月10日托福机经1月10日托福机经阅读：第一篇： functionism(忘了是这个词还是functional) culture第一段先举了生物学的例子，这里有题，问为什么要举生物学的例子。

大概就是典型的结构主义思想，每一个器官都是有功能的。

引出文化，文化也一样，不是无缘无故的。

然后给出了两个人的观点。

第一个人的意思是每一个文化主要取决于大众的需要，并且大众的需要分两层，第一是basic demand，衣食住行，第二层是宗教，政治还是什么的。

但是这个理论有缺陷，就是他不能解释为什么每个文化都需要解决基本需求问题，但是文化和文化之间不一样呢。

另一个人的观点是文化是用来消除亲家之间的conflict的，后面记得不是很清楚，不敢乱说了。

最后貌似说了这两个观点都不是完美的第二篇：讲古代人的畜牧史，貌似就是说古代人掌握了动物什么时候来喝水，然后就趁机下手逮动物。

其中两个概念很混乱，breeding和domestication，想死的感觉啊……!记得比较清楚的是说，他们并不是每种动物都养，经过了很多代人的经验，才放弃了一些不好养的动物。

第三篇：美国觉得污染会杀死鱼，于是设立了sanctum，但是在这里面可以捕鱼。

所以造成了过度捕捞，过度捕捞比起污染什么的对鱼的数量下降来说更致命。

鱼随之会变得更少，并且更小。

外界环境也会影响鱼，温度，气候什么的。

鱼类有丰富营养，比如鳗鱼什么的，每年增长速度貌似才5%，但是每年增加的需求量就有15%。

然后说了中国养了很多鱼。

最后说了海藻，海藻繁殖快，营养高，相比之下，农产品生产过程很慢。

日本就养海藻。

加试：电报电话在欧洲和美国的发展，鸟类学说话1月10日托福机经听力：1. 学生放假忘了cancel电话服务，暑假的时候貌似他的宿舍有人住，电话打爆了，她的电话费就奇高无比。

但是她和电话公司签了合同，上面有说了不用要自己cancel的。

最后老师说可以帮助联系下暑假住的学生，但是如果联系不到，那个女生就要自掏电话费了。

12月托福机经——阅读(手工整理)

第一篇英国工业的发展关于英国经济的兴起，主要是由于工业化后出口量（volume of exports）大增。

商业(commerce; trade; business)以棉花的发展为 lead，次要是煤、丝等，之後 coal replace the wood成了主要的 fuel。

英国之所以成了欧洲重心的原因有：英国国内政治稳定统一，语言一致，没有internal tariff(关税)，有标准化的xx，得益于bank and finance investment 的发达（推动贷款(loan)，減少 tax）（题目，排除题，选 tariff）。

英国有便捷的交通和有力的地理位置，所有的城市都离海不远，最远不过 70 mile，水运方便，raw(自然状态的) material 和 goods 运输顺畅（运铁），即使到 Ireland 的edinburgh（爱丁堡）也只需 60 小时车程。

其他欧洲国家当时都没有这些特点。

英国有皇家海军的保护，政府采取低税收（题目，但是对 high-quality woolen 收税），政府会出面与他国谈判低进口税。

英国从印度等殖民地（colony; plantation; settltment）廉价進口rm，然后出口 finished goods。

（一名学者adam 不支持这个理论）。

第二篇艺术与地点的关系讲 art 与 location（place）的关系，以其历史发展来说，art 刚开始时都必须依附 location，它们是紧密联系（contact; connection; integrate）的，painting 和sculpture 是不能动的，只能固定在某个地方，例如古代的洞穴壁画(cave painting)、教堂顶(church roof)的壁画，后来发明了 ease painting，随着portable(便于携带的，手提的，轻便的)东西的出现，例如 vase（花瓶）、雕像（statue）、小饰品(accessory)，可以带着到处创作，教堂的玻璃画也是画好了再加上去的，渐渐地 art 和 location 开始分离了。

托福机经

托福机经一、Fire Disturbance and Landscape Patterns 火灾干扰与景观格局我们在景观中看到的植物生长方式受到过去和现在的干扰的严重影响。

干扰频率是指在特定时间间隔内发生的干扰时间的数量。

在许多地区，火灾是景观格局的主要因素。

各种森林生态系统似乎在一定的火灾频率下燃烧和发展。

一些植物群落依靠很少的大规模干扰来再生，但是当干扰以太频繁的间隔出现时，它们会做出负面反应。

对于依靠或来再生的物种或群体，不能将或视为干扰，相反，抑制火情将会成为干扰。

当抑制树木的天然昆虫捕食者以保护可能受到影响的木材区域时，也会发生类似的效果。

真题例句：1、在温带和热带森林中，小规模的自然干扰（如个别树木的死亡）经常发生。

In temperate and tropical forests, small-scale natural disturbances (such as the death of individual trees) occur frequently.2、在森林生态系统中，火灾发生的频率因森林类型的不同而有很大的差异。

This amount of time was needed for sufficient surface material, dead stems, and leaves to accumulate.In forest ecosystems, the frequency of fires varies greatly, depending on the type of forest.二、The Second Technological Wave 第二次技术浪潮从1700年代开始，欧洲在技术和劳动组织方面都发生了巨大变化，这些变化现在被称为工业革命，特别是由于蒸汽机的发展和用于防治（布）制造的改进机器的推动。

两种新型发动机都对工业经济的进一步发展产生的许多影响。

新托福阅读机经分类

新托福阅读机经分类阅读1.caveart洞穴壁画：主要谈西欧的壁画内容，为什么画动物，相同的壁画代表了相同猎手对相同猎物德向往等加了一堆理论。

非洲和欧洲的caveart都存有28000年的历史（此处有题，问欧洲caveart的历史）。

caveart的边线有时很难确认，所以专家猜测是因为这部分art存有religiouspurpose（此处有题，问专家为什么说道存有religiouspurpose）。

对于caveart中广泛以动物为主题，也存有许多相同猜测（这句话发生在最后的summary题里），存有一个猜测就是increasetheluckofhunting，这种猜测可以被animal身上的chip证明（这里也存有题，问chip的促进作用），但是，话锋一转，说道实际上大多数动物身上并没chip，因此主要目的也许不是increasetheluckofhunting，而是在theendof…（某个时代）的时候因为动物数量增加，通过画动物去保佑自然界中动物数量能激增（这儿也存有题）。

另外一个表述就是caveart尽量避免画人，因为画人被指出可以减少人丧生的可能性。

有些动物更多地发生在caveart中，如horse，（除了三四种想不起来了），是因为1.theyprovidemeatandmaterial，2.它们size小，人们害怕它们，并且它们的犯罪行为难以掌控。

另外一些动物，例如鹿不常被图画至，是因为它们用处并不大。

（关于选哪种动物的原因，也存有题，就是个negativeinformation题）3.美国舞蹈家loiefuller（富勒）：她为一颇盛个性的艺术家，尤其讨厌尝试各种恶搞自然现象的表现形式和采用各种代莱舞台技术。

其与许多艺术家、科学家（居里夫妇）存有交流合作。

在法国创立了自己的女性剧团和舞蹈学校，但在其去世前就已复办。

4.皮亚杰（jeanpiaget）对美国教育界的影响：说道了他的一个理论，有关scheme的。

托福口语机经与答题范例

托福口语机经与答题范例TOEFL 口语讲义[键入文字]Rachel H口语考试What is the purpose of Response?1.2.模拟美国大学的上课氛围及学生的校园生活，要求学生具备在英语环境下听课并作课堂笔记的能力,比较、总结并阐述自己观点的能力；学生能够用英文处理校园生活中出现的问题的能力。

学生能不能参与日常的对话，表达自己的观点并能在各种场合中用英文与人交流What do we need to do in Response Task?Part One Independent tasksTask 1 &Task 2 : Ask & AnswerPart Two Integrated tasksTask 3&4Reading+ Listening + SpeakingTask 5 & 6Listening + Speaking Speaking section 时间分配表TOEFL 口语讲义[键入文字]Rachel HTASK 1Topic 1 PlaceQuestions (outdoor)If you could live abroad where would you go？（口语特训）Describe your favorite city you’ve lived before. （06－01－06）What is your favorite place you would like to travel with your friends (06-01-14)What kind of park or public place would you like go? (06-01-21)Introduce one of your favorite cities. (06-07-15)Describe a school you attend, why do you think it is special?( 06-09-23)Describe your Favorite Park or public place. (06-11-17)What place you never visited before you wanna visit it the most (07-01-19)Choose a natural place from this list and explain why, forest, mountain, shore,dessert, city. （07－04－21）说一个你未来打算去的地方，为什么? (07.08.11)说一下天气好的时候，你喜欢去的户外场所（07.08.17)描述你所住城市里的一个你最喜欢的地方07.12.01描述一个你一直以来很想去但没有去过的地方 08.02.02描述你儿时喜欢去的一个地方，并说明原因 08.03.08模板答案必须是符合各种条件的一个地方，其中包括了国内/国外/学校/公共场合/天然地方45 秒钟的时间可以完成 80－100单词答案必须包含细节和事例Questions (indoor)Where would you like to go with your friends, restaurant, café or home? (06-02-11)Describe your favorite room (07-01-13)Features of café or restaurant you like? (07-01-14)介绍你最喜欢的房间，可以是你自己的卧室或是其他的 08.04.27 可以运用里面的个别词汇点题，让听者知道你所叙述的地方Topic 2 peopleQuestionsWho is the person in your family that has influenced your life a lot?(口语特训)Describe the character of a good teacher has. (06-03-03)Who is the person you admire the most? (06-03-17)Describe the character of a person you admire. （06-03-18）TOEFL 口语讲义[键入文字]Rachel HWho is the person influence you the most. (06-05-26)Describe a character you find out fromyour friend. (06-06-24)What do you think are the good characters of a good parent? (06-08-12)What is the quality do you think a leader needs to have? (06-10-21)Who is the person you respect the most? (06-10-22)Who would you love talking with and what would you talk about? (07-06-24)描述给你正面影响的一个人 07.09.22当遇到问题时，你会向谁寻求帮助？07.09.29描述你认为重要的一个朋友品质 07.10.20你认为老师最重要的品质是什么？07.11.03作为 leader，应该需要有什么样的品质。

托福是机考吗

托福是机考吗中国大陆内的新托福考试如今已经全部变成了机考模式，在整个考试过程，都是〔电脑〕在线完成。

新托福考试的考试时间与试题数目全部是固定的。

但考试不采纳计算机出题的方式，即题目难度与上一题回答是否准确无关。

新托福考试采纳真实场景，比如模拟大学校园里的动态与交互式环境，试题综合考查听、说、读、写这四项〔英语〕语言能力，考生能够完全的展示使用英语进行交流的能力。

因为托福是完全机考，听力、口语、阅读与写作全部都要到计算机上做，因此考生当选择模拟题时，好同样是做网络版的，与机考界面相同或接近的试题，因为通过做机考模拟题对考生熟悉界面、键盘、掌握时间、从纸笔考试转换都是有帮助的。

在机考界面的环境下做两三套模拟题对考生适应考试节奏和环境都是有好处的。

模考题和真正新托福网考都是相同的，考生能够按照自己必须要选择，当考前的时间里，考生要做2至5套这种完全电脑机考化的模拟题就可以了，依据问题再做进一步复习准备。

2托福考试形式是怎么样的中国大陆目前的托福考试全部采纳电脑联网考试，即大家常听到的TOEFL iBT(TOEFL internet-based test)。

托福考试由听说读写四部分组成：1.首先是托福阅读考试，大约3-4篇文章，每篇文章长度大约为700词，每篇文章包涵10个问题。

托福阅读考试过程中你可以返回上一题查看并修改答案。

2.之后是托福听力考试，必须要考生戴耳机完成，每段对话大约3分钟，包涵5个选择题;每个讲座大约3-5分钟长，包涵6个选择题。

每段听力只播放一遍，并且考生只能按顺序答题。

已经完成的作答无法返回。

阅读或听力部分可能包涵加试，考生只可能碰到一个部分的加试。

包涵加试时，考生无法知道哪些题目是加试。

听力部分之后，考生有10分钟的休息时间。

3.然后是托福口语考试，共有四部分，其中综合口语要求大家听一段音频或者阅读一段文章。

每部分会给考生15-30秒的时间进行准备，然后又45-60秒的时间对着麦克风作答。

托福口语机经(答案)

Describe one way of life in your country that has been changed and why it is beneficialDo you like to prepare for something in the beginning or wait just before the due date?What did you learn in your childhood?Some people like to have a tight schedule while others prefer to have a lot of free time. What about you?Describe a person who always makes you laugh. Explain why the person is funny. Include details and examples in your explanation.Some people prefer to live in a place most of their life. Other people prefer to move to different places. Which do you prefer and why? Use specific reasons and examples to support your response.Talk about something you wanted to do but never had time to do yet. Describe the details and explain the reason.Do you prefer to do couples of small assignments or one or two big assignments?Among the following three types of books – mystery, science fiction and biography,which do you like the least? Explain why.Do you like to travel alone or with your family members? Explain your answer with details and examples.What kind of activity do you enjoying doing most at school? Explain why you enjoy doing this activity.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Artists (painters, musicians, etc.) are born and not taught.Describe a skill you have that you want to improve. Describe the details of what you will do to improve it.Do you agree or disagree the following statement: Advertising has too much influence on what people buy.What suggestions would you give to a friend who wants to improve his/her score in class?Well, I think there are many ways that h/she can make use of to enhance his/her academic performance. He can join a study group where h/she can ask other group members for clarifying difficult points. I would also advise him to preview what the professor is going to discuss the next day and review what the professor has taught. That way he/she will understand better the teaching content and the knowledge will retain much longer. Also make full use of the office hours, if he/she encounters difficulties, the professor is always glad to offer a helping hand.Some people like to purchase books from a book store while others like to borrow books from the library. Which do you prefer and why?I prefer buying books to borrowing books. True, borrowing books can save you a lot of money and you can get almost any book, even the latest releases if you are willing to wait or join a queue. However, you have to return it on time even if you have not finished it. However, by buying the book, you can read it wherever you want and whenever you want, and once you have read it, you can lend it to friends and family or even give it as a gift. Another strength of owing books is that we can take whatever notes on the margin of the pages of the books.Is it beneficial for students to have computers at school?In my opinion, the computer is an essential tool for students both in their studies and their life. For example, the other day, my English teacher assigned a project. With the help of my computer, I found a lot of useful information and made several neat PPT slides to facilitate my presentation. Through computers, students can complete school assignments or even take online courses. Besides, computers can serve as a medium for students to communicate by sending and receiving E-mails and instant messages. Furthermore, with computers, students can access the internet to find information about news, weather, sports and products, to listen to or watch television, movies or radio, making purchases or even finding jobs. Therefore, the computer is a must for students.Would you keep on expressing your honest opinions, even if you know that they will not be approved by others?I will voice my opinion even when I am aware that others might disagree with it cause it’s my right as an independent individual to communicate how I feel about a particular subject. Disagreement will show my individuality and make others respect me. Someone who just concurs with whatever others say will go nowhere. What’s more, by clearly expressing my own thoughts I can hone my debating and communicative skills as well as critical and logical thinking.Talk about a recent event or celebration you went to. Do you think that everyone who went there had a good time?I recently attended my cousin’s wedding ceremony. My cousin is an engineer who is now living and working in the U.S. It was really a grand occasion. All the relatives including my 90 year old grandpa were present. I guess there must be over a hundred people. We had a magnificent dinner at a restaurant. During the dinner we talked, proposed toasts to each other. There were traditional opera performances to watch. I guess everybody was having a good time except my aunt and uncle. The reason is that my cousin is their only son and after the wedding he’d have to back to the States, therefore my aunt and uncle won’t get to see him very often.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Sixteen-year-old people are not mature enough to drive.In my opinion sixteen-year-olds are way too young to drive without supervision. After all, they are still high school students, they tend be reckless, always looking for fun and excitement. That might lead to accidents. Also, I recently read a news report that suggested that the teen brain — the part that weighs risks, makes judgments and controls impulsive behavior is not developed enough. Therefore, they are generally not ready to face thelife-threatening risks that drivers can encounter behind the wheel.Of the following three professions, which one do you think is the most important for society: primary school teacher, nurse or artist?It is my considered opinion that of the three professions listed, primary school teachers contributed most to society and are therefore the most important. First of all, it is likely that a person may not attend college or even secondary school; however, most people attend primary school to receive basic education, so primary school teachers influence most people’s lives. What’s more, primary school teachers play an important role in developing a child’s intellect and work habits. Primary school is the first time most children are in a strictly educational environment. While pre-kindergarten and kindergarten classes do teach children some basic skills and knowledge, such as shapes and colors, primary school immerses children in the educational environment they will be experiencing until graduation from high school.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People under 18 years old are not mature enough to vote.I think that 18 is a suitable age at which individuals have the necessary capacity to independently decide how to cast a vote. First of all, at 18, most people have finished their high school, which means they are literate and have the reasoning ability, and this is the prerequisite for voting. Secondly, at 18 a person can have his/her driving license. If we allow them to drive, we should also recognize that they are mature enough to vote. Finally, in today’s society 18-year-olds are more mature than ever before and there is no significant gap between an18-year-old’s ability to vote and people who are older. In fact many 40-year-olds are incapable to make informed decisions.What kind of music do you like the least? Give reasons why you do not like this kind of music.Some college students like to spend their time free time studying another course or doing schoolwork. Others like to join a club and enjoy club activities. Which do you think is better and why?One of your friends wants to drop out of college. Do you think it is a good idea or not? Why?Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? In order to be successful, a person should study in the university.Are the ways you study different from others, and how?Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Playing computer or video games has a negative influence on teenagers.。

新托福口语机经汇总

新托福口语机经汇总新托福独立口语分类机经汇总1一、Person1. 好老师的character1. What do you think is ONE of the most important characteristics that a teacher should have?)1. 说一个你敬佩的人的好性格1. 你最崇拜的人是谁?1. An older people you respect1. 描述你的role mode1. 对你影响最深刻的人。

1. Describe the person who have had positive impact on you1. (Important) characteristic of friends;1. 问好朋友什么最重要?loyalty，honest还是humor1. Who would you love talking with? What do you talk about?1. What qualities should a leader have?1. 遇到困难时，找谁寻求建议，你为何value that person’s advice1. 说说作为team member一个重要的quality1. many students do volunteer work, 问what kind of volunteer do you want to be?2. 人是被电视、报纸、广播上的信息影响得多，还是家人朋友得影响多2. Get advice from family and friends/learning through personal e 某perience, which one do you prefer?2. Do you agree or disagree, the most important influences that young adults have are from their families.2. Family can help young adults a lot(大概是这意思)，agree or disagree?2. Do you always make friends who have different interests fromyou? Why?2. 你是愿意当leader 还是当follower2. Do you agree or disagree with the statement: artists and musicians are useful nowadays 大概这样.二、Money1. Power and money is the definition of success.2. 你是想把多余的一点点钱马上用掉,还是存2.飞来横财，是用来do practical thing还是用来只do leisure thing.三、Events1. Describe the most important decision that you made in your life.1. 描述一件自己印象深刻的celebration 或者moment1. Describe a social or political event celebrated in yourcountry (culture)1. A popular activity in your country1. 说一个参加过的memorial 活动之类的(有意义难忘的一件事)1.描述一件童年很happy 的event，然后e某plain why it is memorable1. 讲一个难忘的event，跟你家人和朋友在一起的1. The most memorable and important event of you happened in school1. 印象比较深的celebration,为什么important?1. 描述你最enjoy的一天and why1. 你朋友曾经做过让你开心的事的经验1. Describe a recent e某perience。

09-10年新托福部分口语机经(个人从太傻上整理的)

2010.05.08托福口语机经整场考试，阅读部分从话题来看，还是比较常规的，词汇题是考生比较熟悉的，部分有些难。

今天的加试阅读题目有了很大变化，原先的词汇题变味了推断题，让考生有点胸闷。

看来，还是实力最重要。

听力部分，仍然比较难，主要就是对于话题不熟悉以及一味寄托于机经，遇到新题心理落差太大，影响了发挥。

口语部分和写作部分没又太难的内容，尤其是独立写作，考得话题已经是多次出现在以往考试中。

本次考试难度评分：★★★★Speaking Part:Task 1讲述曾经做过的一个program或者projectTask 2是否同意孩子给父母带来了很多麻烦事Task 3女生写信给图书馆要求缩短借阅时间从一个月缩成两周理由一看一本书用不了一个月理由二那么多人排队等着一个月太久了对话中女生反对理由一有人写论文用书的话就要用很久不是两周就能完事的理由二排队的人可以通过inter library loan的方式跨校际图书馆借阅不必死等Task 4animal use their existing feature for new purpose动物开发已有官能的新用途举例非洲一种鸟类用翅膀作为canopy 遮挡阳光这样容易看清水里的食物就这一个例子Task 5学生问题：想放电影公民凯恩，结果胶片因为太老旧不能放了方案一：放别的电影但是学生有一部分会失望方案二：从图书馆借来公民凯恩的DVD COPY 缺点是屏幕会比较小大家得靠前坐气氛稍差Task 6经营者使用ecofriendly practice不仅道德上优越而且可以获得实际利益利益一节省成本举例咖啡馆使用节能灯泡不仅支持环保而且节省电费利益二吸引顾客举例咖啡馆使用再生纸杯子和纸巾可以吸引热爱环保的顾客经常光顾2010.05.16托福口语机经本次考试难度评分：★★★Speaking Part:Task 1Describe an activity that you enjoy to do together with your family. Explain why. Please include reasons and details in your response.Task 2Some people prefer to do shopping in large grocery stores or department stores. Others prefer to do shopping in small grocery stores. Which do you prefer and why? Use specific reasons and examples to support your response.Task 3【学校通知】：大学计划cut off教学楼旁边的parking area。

toefl junior全真模考题精讲精练

toefl junior全真模考题精讲精练
《TOEFL Junior全真模考题精讲精练》这本书旨在帮助准备TOEFL Junior 考试的学生熟悉考试形式，提高应试技巧。

这本书的特点如下：
1. 内容全面：这本书包含了多套TOEFL Junior全真模拟试题，可以让学生全面了解考试内容和难度。

2. 解析详尽：对于每套模拟试题，书中都提供了详细的答案解析，帮助学生理解题目，找出自己的不足之处，并给出提高的建议。

3. 技巧讲解：除了对模拟试题的解析，书中还穿插了各种应试技巧的讲解，帮助学生更好地应对考试。

4. 听力材料：书中的听力材料均来自实际考试，可以让学生更好地熟悉真实的考试环境。

5. 口语模板：书中还提供了一些口语考试的模板，帮助学生更快地准备口语考试。

总的来说，这本书可以帮助TOEFL Junior考生全面提高应试能力，熟悉考试形式，做好充分的准备，取得更好的成绩。

如果您需要了解更多关于这本书的信息，建议您阅读原书或查阅相关的图书评论。

托福机经背景：鸟鸣声音

智课网TOEFL备考资料
托福机经背景：鸟鸣声音
内容简介：
本文讲科学家以地雀( finch)和白冠雀( white - crowned sparrow)为研究对象，研究鸟类多变的叫声究竟是受遗传因素( genetic)(先天)的影响居多，还是环境因素( environment) (后天)的影响居多。

虽然鸟都会唱歌，但其实唱出的音调是各有差异的。

比如地雀( finch)的叫声多变，雌雄个体叫声也不同。

雄( male)鸟在求偶季节会发出多变的叫声，而雌( female)鸟不可以。

不同地区的白冠雀(white - crowned sparrow)，有不同的方言( dialect) -生活在同一地域的白冠雀叫声差不多，但是生活在两个不同地域的白冠雀的叫声就存在差别。

科学家可以根据不同的叫声来分辨鸟所生活的地域( The sparrows in California...
为大家推荐了托福机经背景：鸟鸣声音，如果大家还有什么问题的话，就请点击咨询小马名师，小马名师会为大家一一进行解答。

相关推荐: 2013年09月01日托福考试回忆汇总（网友版） 2013年08月31日托福考试回忆（北美） 2013年09月01日托福阅读考试回忆(网友版)
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