托福听力经典加试完整版

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小东教育托福听力经典加试题及答案(汇总)

小东教育托福听力经典加试题及答案(汇总)鸟类迁徙Bird migrationStudent having difficulties in writing term paper原文：Conversation：term paper of bird migrationListen to a conversation between a student and his Biology professor.S: Dr. Russell, I was hoping to discuss my term paper with you I'm getting a little bit stuck here.P: Of course, so...what do you have so far? What's your topic?S: Well, I wanted to write about bird migration, but I'm having trouble finding enough sources.P: You're having trouble finding sources on bird migrationS: No, actually, on the particular aspect of bird migration that I want to write about.The thing is, I wanted to write specifically on early theories of bird migration...describe some of the theories. Like how Aristotle thought that birds changed into different species during the winter. Or how other naturalists thought that bigger birds carried smaller birds to warmer spots for the wintertime. But I've only got a couple of books to work with right now. P: Hm...I have to admit that it's an interesting topic, and you certainly seem excited by it. But remember I told you all to ask yourselves how your topic is going to help you show that you can apply what you've learned this semester. A summary or description is not really what I'm looking for as much as your analysis of a certain topic. S: I guess it's not really what we're supposed to do, huhP: Right. So, how about we think about some other ideas for your paper. I mean you don't need to discard the idea completely... but... take a really different focus. Um... for example...you could present what you think are some reasons-the rationale-behind some of the erroneous theories early naturalists had. But, you'll be supporting your views with current research; those are the sources you'll need to seek out.S: Ok, I think I see what you're saying. So, like today...today we know that lots of small birds migrate at night, but maybe `cause people didn't see them-didn't see the small birds migrating-they only saw bigger birds, like geese migrating during the day. They thought that the big birds were carrying the small ones under their wings.P: There you go! That's exactly what I mean. You're showing that you're thinking about the topic, not just telling me what you read.S: Ok, I also have a really cool example of a migratory bird that I'd like to discuss in my paper. It's the Common Poorwill—I mean it seems that some Ornithologists believe that the Common Poorwill really does hibernate instead of migrating-that it's maybe the only bird that does.P: If I were you, I would stick just with migration research. Remember, this is only a15-page paper.S: Ok, I see your point.P: But it's great that you're finding this all so interesting. I want you to come back tosee me in a week so we can take a look at the new direction in your paper and evaluatethe sources you've found in the meantime.中文大意:Male Student：老师，我想跟你讨论一下我的学期论文。

听力加试完整版(题+部分原文)

RafflesiaListen to part of a lecture in a Botany classP: We've been talking about plant classifications and how species belong to a family and families belong to an order, but sometimes, figuring out how we assign certain plant species to a particular order is challenging, even if the plant has...unusual characteristics. You'd think that plants with similar characteristics would belong to the same order, but that's not always true. A good example of this is a flower, that is—a flowering plant—that grows only in Malaysia and Indonesia, called Rafflesia.As you can see, Rafflesia is a pretty unusual plant. For starters, it's huge. The flower can grow up to a meter in width and can weigh up to seven kilos—pretty big, huh There aren't any other specimens in the plant world that have flowers even close to this size. But that's not the only unusual characteristic of Rafflesia, in fact, that's probably one of the least strange features of the plant. The plant also emits a terrible stench, like rotting meat. But again, there are other plants with bad smelling flowers. And in the case of Rafflesia, flies are attracted to that smell, and that's how the flowers get pollinated.So...um...Rafflesia's flowers are huge and smelly. Rafflesia is also a parasite; it gets its energy from another plant instead of from the sun, which is unusual, but not unheard of in the plant kingdom. It actually grows inside its host, which is a type of grapevine. I mean... it grows inside its host until it blooms—it doesn't bloom inside the host. But that leads me to...I want to tell you really quickly about another plant, a plant that's also from the forests of Southeast Asia, called Mitrastema.Now, Mitrastema is also a parasite, which led some to believe that Rafflesia was related to Mitrastema—that they belong to the same order. Mitrastema as I said is a parasite, but its flowers are much smaller, and don't smell bad, so you can see why there was debate about whether they were related. But as it turns out, Mitrastema is actually related to blueberries. So, even plants that share an unusual characteristic with Rafflesia are not related to it. And, um...no plant shares all three of its unusual characteristics, and that made classifying Rafflesia very, very difficult.Now, you're probably thinking, why don't they just analyze the DNA of the plant Well, as I said, Rafflesia is a parasite. It lacks the leaves; the green tissue that most plants need for photosynthesis. It's unable to...um...to capture the sunlight most other plants use to make food. So, it's lacking...it...it...it doesn't have the DNA—the genes—for photosynthesis, which is what we usually use to classify plant species. But some researchers in Michigan persisted, andanalyzed about 90 species of seed plants and compared them to Rafflesia, and we finally had an answer. Rafflesia was part of the Malpighiales order.Now, other species in the Malpighiales order includeviolets...um...poinsettias...uh...passion-flowers...what else Willows. So it was pretty unexpected because flowers like violets are a lot smaller than Rafflesia, right And they don't smell bad—they don't smell like rotting meat...and they're not parasitic. It took almost 200 years to classify Rafflesia, to identify its relatives, and I don't think anyone would have ever guessed that it's in the order Malpighiales. I mean...you know-it'd be nice to be able to classify species based on their obvious characteristics, but, it didn't work that way with Rafflesia. And unfortunately for Rafflesia, and for the field of botany, it seems that Rafflesia may be dying out. It's certainly endangered because of deforestation in its habitat. And to make matters worse, Rafflesia doesn't reproduce very well. First of all, only 10-20% of buds turn into full-fledged flowers, and it can take them a year to grow. There are also male flowers and female flowers, and one of each has to be in the same area—the same vicinity—at the same time, to produce seeds, and the flies that are attracted to the flower's strong smell have to carry pollen from one flower to the other, so how often do you think these events occur all together Even people who study the plant for years may never witness it.中文背景：大王花Botany教授一开始就介绍植物分类，提到分类中的species种，genus属，order目。

托福听力经典加试(有听力原文)

关于新托福阅读/听力部分加试题的说明:加试题是一种收集研究数据、测试新研发试题难度及可靠性的手段。

这是保证广大考生获得公平、精确和有效的测试而开展的标准化工作的核心部分。

但考生在应试过程中不会被告知哪道题是加试题。

因此在考试时需要把每道题都按照考试题认真对待。

要想判断加考题,只有考试结束,大家互相比对自己做到的题目,那些不是每个人都做到的题目才是加考题。

以下是重复频率较高的一些经典加试段落(听力部分:Ragtime介绍了一种流行于美国十九世纪左右名为ragtime的音乐,能够表现年青人的活力(spirit of youth之类的,此乐流行是由于piano的关系,因为两者真是太搭配了。

在那个年代,在各种场合都用钢琴。

此乐当时流行程度,(like Rock & Roll在某一时期一样。

这里出现考点,女学生说了一堆后,来了一句I just don't get it,意思是要教授explain,还说piano 之所以当时那么受欢迎,一是因为它能与音律产生和谐,另一是因为当时它算一种财富地位的象征什么的symbol of wealth and status。

再加上,那个年代,大家都没钱,就去public concert or restaurant什么的听音乐,而piano声音够响亮,又和ragtime music rhythm 搭配的天衣无缝,所以,两者相得益彰这个音乐年轻人很喜欢,因为很有激情。

除了到处演出啊,park演出等不用钢琴,因为难搬(出现考点because of transportation problem。

同时,此乐也是jazz的前身,因为演奏者不按牌理出牌,一首曲七个人弹,弹出七种调。

这种regtime音乐影响很远啊,例如现在的jazz 就是从那发展来的。

Ragtime 拉格泰姆音乐(1890-1915期间在美国流行的一种音乐Ragtime is an American musical genre which enjoyed its peak popularity between 1899 and 1918. It has had several periods of revival since then and is still being composed today. Ragtime was the first truly American musical genre, predating jazz. It began as dance music in popular music settings years before being published as popularsheet music for piano. Being a modification of the then popular march, it was usually written in 2/4 or 4/4 time (meter with a predominant left hand pattern of bass notes on odd-numbered beats and chords on even-numbered beats accompanying a syncopated melody in the right hand. A composition in this style is called a "rag". A rag written in3/4 time is a "ragtime waltz".Ragtime is not a "time" (meter in the same sense that march time is 2/4 meter and waltz time is 3/4 meter; it is rather a musical genre that uses an effect that can be applied to any meter. The defining characteristic of ragtime music is a specific type of syncopation in which melodic accents fall between metrical beats. This results in a melody that seems to be avoiding some metrical beats of the accompaniment by emphasizing notes that either anticipate or follow thebeat. The ultimate (and intended effect on the listener is actually to accentuate the beat, thereby inducing the listener to move to the music. Scott Joplin, thecomposer/pianist known as the "King of Ragtime", called the effect "weird and intoxicating". He also used the term "swing" in describing how to play ragtime music: "Play slowly until you catch the swing...".[1] The name swing later came to be applied to an early genre of jazz that developed from ragtime. Converting a non-ragtime piece of music into ragtime by changing the time values of melody notes is known as "ragging" the piece. Original ragtime pieces usually contain several distinct themes, four being the most common number.literature 主要讲了18-19 世纪英国浪漫主义(Romanticism诗歌的代表人Wardsworth的诗。

托福听力经典加试题汇总

托福听力经典加试题汇总托福听力经典加试题汇总问题二：How does the professor help the student?答案：A（1）change his approach …问题三：忘了。

答案：B,D(2,4)问题四：Why does the student 提night migration ？答案： A (1) 通过说这个topic来验证自己理解了老师的意图change the topic from ancient to recent) 问题五：重听：（女Professor 说的：啊，你没找到鸟类迁徙的资料？）答案：B (2) (….. is easy….)版本二：1。

学生找教授的目的？（好象是跟教授说他要写的题目的资料找不到，很少）2。

为什么说bird migrates at night?(好象是he understands what the teacher said.)3。

教授怎么帮助学生？（change the topic from ancient to recent）4。

学生的论文中会包括什么？（1。

*****S 2。

忘了，好像是教授的建议，听仔细了）5。

教授说“你找不到资料？”问这句话是什么意思？（教授认为找资料很简单的）托福听力经典加试题汇总来又讲了这种花很有可能灭绝，原因是要fly帮忙运花粉，要同种的花在一起，要。

要这些条件同时发生，是小概率事件。

Small incident1．MAIN IDEA？（大概是说分类很难，尤其是特征很变态的）2．大王花的特点（1。

HUGE 2。

让FLY来传粉）3．教授说M植物属于B~~~类的，是什么意思？（M植物与大王花不是同一类的）4．为什么不能用DNA？（不进行光合作用）2．大王花的特点（1。

HUGE 2。

让FLY来传粉）3．教授说M植物属于B~~~类的，是什么意思？（M植物与大王花不是同一类的）4．为什么不能用DNA？（不进行光合作用）问题1. Why does the student go to see the office worker in the university service office?正确答案为：D,…new ID card.问题2. Why 女生不能出示diver license?正确答案：her wallet was stolen.问题3. Why she need to be escorted?A,……. .B,To see passport… .C,To verify… D,…….正确答案：C问题4. 根据对话所述，why 提到mealpass?正确答案：D,能和ID卡一起重新办。

托福经典听力加试

托福加试题一: 神经元细胞lecture神经胶质细胞研究。

教授说早期对人类大脑的研究集中在神经细胞neuron，让一男生起来回答上节课的主要内容，男生说生物电生物电bioelectricity 通过神经细胞传导，通过两个神经细胞的接触点传到下一个细胞，有趣的是。

说到这里被教授打断，说他答得已经很完整了（有题，问教授打断他的用意）。

神经胶质细胞glial cells的作用在早期被忽视了，人们认为胶质细胞只有支持神经细胞的作用。

后来人们发现胶质细胞也有传导信息的作用，不是通过生物电，而是化学物质传导。

于是总共有三种传导方式，神经细胞间，胶质细胞间，神经和胶质细胞互相传导。

而且发现胶质细胞的数量及其巨大，远多于神经细胞。

同时还可能有修复神经细胞，决定哪些神经长的大［记得可能不准］。

教授又说，胶质细胞可能与智力有关，越多智商越高，但这不确定。

教授说对胶质细胞的研究是一个很open up的领域，建议学生们可以考虑毕业后作深入研究（有题）。

重要：biology 讲glial cell。

以往人们对神经传导的研究仅限于neuron（神经元），也叫nerve cell。

神经传导通过electrical communication从一个结点传到另一个结点，神经元被认为起主要作用，glial cell 研究的很少，一直被忽略，被看作help the growth of neurons (出题)，起辅助作用。

后来偶然发现大脑中glial cell比neuron的数目多很多，glial cell引起了科学家的重视，开始研究它究竟起什么作用（此处出题，问glial cell怎么引起科学家注意的）。

后来有一重大突破，发现glial cell传导信号不是用的electrical signal，而是用chemical conductor（一说chemical communication）（此处出题）。

传统观点一直误以为glial cell也像nerve cell一样用电信号。

托福听力经典加试题大全

托福听力经典加试题大全托福加试分为经典加试和非经典加试，一般情况下考生遇到的情况都是经典加试，即所加试的题目都是固定的几篇。

这里小编为就为大家整理了托福听力经典加试题大全分享给大家，希望对大家托福备考有帮助。

托福听力经典加试关于女生丢ID卡ID cardconversation: ID card文章回顾Listen to a conversation between a student and a staff in University Service office.女同学：老师，我想要申办新的ID卡，因为以前的丢了。

男staff: 由于我校的registration 还未完全结束，所以，我这里没有完整的资料。

如需办卡，你得需要提供其他证件来证明身份。

首先：你的驾照diver license女同学：我的diver license在钱包里。

而丢的就是我的钱包。

你看这个才是真正的问题see, that’s the problem。

钱包丢了，导致很多证件我都没办法出示。

男staff: 那你的护照。

Passport.女同学：在宿舍里。

就是因为我的ID卡丢了，宿舍才不让我进去，让我到这儿service center来申办新卡。

男staff: 让我发几封邮件send some emails看看怎么解决。

哦，好的。

你现在可以去宿舍去取，但是必须身边有人护卫着你去escort you, 因为这样才能确定你的身份verify your identification。

不好意思，可是这是学校的规定regulations，所以，希望你能谅解understand女同学：没问题，不过我的wallet 丢的时候，饭卡也在里面meal pass。

男staff: 没事儿，那你可以正好在申办新ID的时候，顺便帮你把meal pass也换新的了。

女同学：哦，那太感谢你了Thanks a lot男staff: 没事儿，I am very glad to help you.女同学：You glad.题目问题一：Why does the student go to see the office worker in the university service office?答案：因为ID CARD丢了，要办一张新的。

Zjprgi新托福经典听力加试

生命是永恒不断的创造，因为在它内部蕴含着过剩的精力，它不断流溢，越出时间和空间的界限，它不停地追求，以形形色色的自我表现的形式表现出来。

－－泰戈尔神经元细胞（四道题）lecture神经胶质细胞研究。

说到这里被教授打断，说他答得已经很完整了（有题，问教授打断他的用意）。

神经胶质细胞glial cells的作用在早期被忽视了，人们认为胶质细胞只有支持神经细胞的作用。

后来人们发现胶质细胞也有传导信息的作用，不是通过生物电，而是化学物质传导。

于是总共有三种传导方式，神经细胞间，胶质细胞间，神经和胶质细胞互相传导。

而且发现胶质细胞的数量及其巨大，远多于神经细胞。

同时还可能有修复神经细胞，决定哪些神经长的大［记得可能不准］。

教授又说，胶质细胞可能与智力有关，越多智商越高，但这不确定。

教授说对胶质细胞的研究是一个很open up的领域，建议学生们可以考虑毕业后作深入研究（有题）。

重要：biology 讲glial cell。

以往人们对神经传导的研究仅限于neuron（神经元），也叫nerve cell。

神经传导通过electrical communication从一个结点传到另一个结点，神经元被认为起主要作用，glial cell研究的很少，一直被忽略，被看作help the growth of neurons (出题)，起辅助作用。

后来有一重大突破，发现glial cell传导信号不是用的electrical signal，而是用chemical conductor（一说chemical communication）（此处出题）。

托福阅读和听力经典加试完整版

加试题是不算成绩的，每次都是随机出题，但是不管加试阅读还是听力，都会在题的最后！请考生仔细复习加试题，考试的时候就可以节省很多精力！虽然不算成绩，但是还是要认真做的，一是可以赢取更多时间，二是加试题完全不做也显得不对称！READING Plan A阅读一：本文主要讲述了电报在美国起步阶段所遇到的障碍。

其原因主要是：第一，缺乏资金；第二，缺乏政府监管；第三，美国政府当时致力于电话的研究。

本文还讲述了电报尽管是一项革命性的发明，但是，它对人类的生活影响很小。

概述：科技进步，1840S 的电报已经有了长足进步。

Telegraph 有很重大的意义：拉近了long distance communication。

1. 遇到了什么样的obstacle？解析：A．fund 不够；B．缺少management；2. 电报在美国的发展存在缺陷，原因是？解析：当时Telegraph 在美国发展得不如在欧洲发展得好，因为还把精力放在telephone 的研究上。

3. 电报在美国发展缓慢，该由谁负责？解析：在美国，telegraph system 掌控在私人企业手里（私有化private），很多私企行为都用电报来联系。

这些私企有些很垄断（monopoly）。

4. 19世纪，美国电报的发展为什么发生了转折？解析：在19 世纪，电报被纳入政府监管（under government regulation）。

之后，尽管美国那时有科技的限制，但电报在美国发展得最好，得到了普及。

5. 电报在欧洲的发展开端？解析：当时很多欧洲国家担心电报会使情报外流，就在犹豫要不要立法来规范电报行为。

6. 欧洲国家的邮政业为什么得到发展？解析：随着发展，欧洲国家把telegraph 纳入governmental control（国家政府管理）, 主要应用在邮政系统postal system 方面，因此欧洲国家的传统邮政postal 业又恢复生机。

7. 为什么电报的发明是革命性的？解析：电报需要建立 net，这为后来的网络的建立提供了很多思路，所以说telegraph 是非常revolutionary invention。

新托福听力经典加试全解析（共两套）

新托福听力经典加试全解析（共两套）新托福听力经典加试全解析Section 1一、conversation鸟类迁徙1. Why does the man go to see his professor?(A) He wants to change his paper topic.(B) He doesn`t understand how to analyze bird migration.(C) He cannot find enough information on his term paper topic.(D) He doesn`t understand the ideas that he has been reading about.【解析】对话开头部分，学生说：I`m having trouble finding enough sources；But I`ve only got a couple of books to work with right now.2. How does the professor help the man?(A) By suggesting a change in his approach to a paper(B) By explaining some theories about bird migration to him(C) By providing some additional examples he can use on the topic he chose(D) By giving him direction on where to find sources【解析】老师说：“you don`t need to discard the idea completely…but…take a really different focus.”3. What information will the man probably include in his paper?(A) Description of the migration habits of the Common Poorwill(B) His own analysis of early theories about bird migration(C) A comparison between birds that migrate and birds that do not(D) Current research on bird migration【解析】原文对应B：you could present what you think are some reasons；D：you`ll be supporting your views with current research4. Why does the man talk about birds that migrate at night?(A) To determinate that he understands the professor`s recommendation(B) To give examples of what he wants the professor to explain(C) To give an alternative explanation of the hibernation of the Common Poorwill(D) T o ask whether he should change his topic to the sleeping behavior of birds【解析】学生说：I think I see what you`re saying. So…Listen again to part of the conversation and then answer the question.You`re having trouble finding sources on bird migration5. What does the professor imply when she says this:(A) She`s not sure the man should write about bird migration.(B) She thinks finding sources on bird migration should be easy.(C) She`s not sure that she can help the man.(D) She thinks that man has already found enough sources on bird migration.【解析】老师的语气是反问的，她认为查找资料并不困难。

托福考试经典加试听力题目

id卡，题⽬1，本段的主题什么？mm要补办id卡。

2、为什么她拿不到护照？因为在宿舍，她进不去。

3、⿊⼈叔叔怎么确认她的⾝份？输⼊id卡信息，通过电脑确认。

4、mm怎么可以补办饭卡？
5、重听题。

“Your Glad”？是说mm问题解决后如释重负。

神经元：题⽬1、历认为glical cell 的作⽤？support neuron。

2、教授暗⽰了什么？历对glical cell 的研究很少。

3、重听题，教授打断男学⽣回答的⽤意？他已经回答的很完整了。

最后⼀题是说教授暗⽰⼤家以后毕业⽅向可以选择glical cell作研究。

www浪漫主义。

1、浪漫主义诗的特点。

（双选）针对的是个⼈情感，与古典主义不同。

2、重听题，是对古典主义诗的描述，说他们把bird 说成fly people，⼤概是表现古典主义诗的特征。

3、教授对浪漫主义的态度？
4、说教授在⾃⼰散步的时候感受到互动的⽤意？
5、重听题，⼤意是说教授认为作者第⼀阶段的早期作品⽐较好，但是在课上不对以后的作品作评价，暗⽰了什么？只记得这么多了，希望对⼤家有所帮助：）。

托福听力加试完整版

托福听力加试完整版前言 ........................................................................... .............................................................. 3 第一部分新托福听力考试简介 ........................................................................... ................... 4 第二部分新托福听力经典加试完整版 ........................................................................... ....... 7 第三部分背景资料音频原文............................................................................ .................... 13 第四部分机经与TPO对话话题分类 ........................................................................... ....... 17 ?本期课内学术话题相关对话机经 ...........................................................................17 本期论文与学术话题学科词汇扩展 ...........................................................................22 学术话题与论文科研相关话题TPO参考：.............................................................. 22 ? ? ?本期选课专业交换相关机经 ........................................................................... ........ 23 机经话题与TPO参考： ......................................................................... .................... 24 本期志愿者服务相关机经 ........................................................................... ............ 25 志愿者机经话题与TPO参考： ......................................................................... ........ 26 本期打工求职场景机经 ........................................................................... ................ 26 本期打工词汇扩展： ......................................................................... .......................... 27 机经话题与TPO参考： ......................................................................... .................... 28 ?本期社团生活相关机经 ........................................................................... ................ 28 学科词汇扩展 ........................................................................... .................................... 29 机经话题与TPO参考： ......................................................................... .................... 30 ? ? ?本期其它话题机经 ........................................................................... ........................ 30 重点推荐TPO话题补充 ........................................................................... ............. 34 社会科学类相关机经 ........................................................................... .................... 36 考古学人类学 ........................................................................... .................................... 36 社会科学类TPO参考： ......................................................................... .................... 39 本期历史哲学相关机经 ........................................................................... .................... 39 哲学学科词汇：Philosophy ................................................................... .................... 40 哲学类TPO参考： ......................................................................... ............................ 40 商业政治经济相关机经 ........................................................................... .................... 40 经济学Economics商业Business相关词汇 ............................................................ 41 经济学政治类TPO参考： ......................................................................... ................ 43 ? ?艺术类相关话题机经 ........................................................................... .................... 43 心里学语言学社会学相关话题机经 (43)心理学：Psychology相关词汇 ........................................................................... ....... 45 心理学语言学社会学TPO参.... 47 ?艺术类相关话题机经 ........................................................................... .................... 47 本期文学戏剧相关 ........................................................................... ............................ 47 本期文学戏剧类TPO参考： ......................................................................... ............ 48 本期音乐舞蹈相关 ........................................................................... ............................ 48 本期音乐类词汇拓展：Music ........................................................................ ............ 48 本期音乐类TPO参考： ......................................................................... .................... 49 本期电影摄影相关 ........................................................................... . (49)第五部分机经与TPO讲座话题分类 ........................................................................... . (36)1本期电影类词汇拓展 ........................................................................... ........................ 50 本期美术工艺建筑相关 ........................................................................... .................... 50 本期美术类词汇拓展 ........................................................................... ........................ 53 本期美术类TPO参考： ......................................................................... .................... 54 ?自然科学类相关机经 ........................................................................... .................... 55 天文................................................ 55 天文Astronomy类词汇拓展 ........................................................................... ........... 59 天文学类TPO参考： ......................................................................... ........................ 61 地理地质 ........................................................................... ............................................ 61 地理类学科词汇拓展 ........................................................................... ........................ 64 地理类TPO参考： ......................................................................... ............................ 66 物理化学 ........................................................................... ............................................ 66 物理词汇拓展：Physics ...................................................................... ........................ 68 物理化学TPO参考： ......................................................................... ........................ 69 环境科学 ........................................................................... ............................................ 70 环境科学TPO参考： ......................................................................... ........................ 71 ?生命科学类相关机经 ........................................................................... .................... 72 本期动物类 ........................................................................... ........................................ 72 本期动物类重点动物名称 ........................................................................... ................ 75 本期植物学相关 ........................................................................... ................................ 79 本期植物学相关词汇拓展 ........................................................................... ................ 79 本期植物学TPO参考： ......................................................................... .................... 80 本期生态学 ........................................................................... ........................................ 80 本期生态学TPO参考： ......................................................................... .................... 81 本期环境科学/生态学词汇拓...... 81 本期生物学词汇： ......................................................................... .............................. 84 第六部分：考前规划！！！ ..................................................................... (85)2前言听力机经是用来创造相对剩余价值的，通过机经梳理在考前更有针对性的提高语言能力是本讲义的宗旨!本讲义使用方法：1，灵活掌握机经内容，请勿机械的背诵机经原文。

2018新托福英语听力经典加试(完整版)

2018新托福英语听力经典加试(完整版)n: XXXXXX topic。

XXX struggles and asks if he has been unable to find any material at all。

The XXX's views on the topic。

but the professor remindshim that she wants him to apply what he has learned in the courseto his paper。

rather than just XXX a special analysis of the topic。

XXX the materials he has found。

but the professor XXX。

Instead。

XXX and current research to support or refute them。

By doing so。

the student can create a well-XXX.XXX。

XXX he change the topic from ancient to recent.The student then proposes to write about birds that do not migrate but hibernate during winter。

The professor agrees that itis a good idea but advises him not to include too much in a 15-pagepaper。

She suggests that he come see her every week to discusshis XXX.In summary。

the student seeks the professor'XXX him to narrow down his scope。

小东教育托福听力经典加试题及答案(汇总)

小东教育托福听力经典加试题及答案(汇总鸟类迁徙Bird migrationStudent having difficulties in writing term paper原文:Conversation:term paper of bird migrationListen to a conversation between a student and his Biology professor.S: Dr. Russell, I was hoping to discuss my term paper with you I'm getting a little bit stuck here.P: Of course, so...what do you have so far? What's your topic?S: Well, I wanted to write about bird migration, but I'm having trouble finding enough sources.P: You're having trouble finding sources on bird migrationS: No, actually, on the particular aspect of bird migration that I want to write about.The thing is, I wanted to write specifically on early theories of bird migration...describe some of the theories. Like how Aristotle thought that birds changed into different species during the winter. Or how other naturalists thought that bigger birds carried smaller birds to warmer spots for the wintertime. But I've only got a couple of books to work with right now. P: Hm...I have to admit that it's an interesting topic, and you certainly seem excited by it. But remember I told you all to ask yourselves how your topic is going to help you show that you can apply what you've learned this semester. A summary or description is not really what I'm looking for as much as your analysis of a certain topic. S: I guess it's not really what we're supposed to do, huhP: Right. So, how about we think about some other ideas for your paper. I mean you don't need to discard the idea completely... but... take a really different focus. Um... for example...you could present what you think are some reasons-the rationale-behind some of the erroneous theories early naturalists had. But, you'll be supporting your views with current research; those are the sources you'll need to seek out.S: Ok, I think I see what you're saying. So, like today...today we know that lots of small birds migrate at night, but maybe `cause people didn't see them-didn't see the small birds migrating-they only saw bigger birds, like geese migrating during the day. They thought that the big birds were carrying the small ones under their wings.P: There you go! That's exactly what I mean. You're showing that you're thinking about the topic, not just telling me what you read.S: Ok, I also have a really cool example of a migratory bird that I'd like to discuss in my paper. It's the Common Poorwill—I mean it seems that some Ornithologists believe that the Common Poorwill really does hibernate instead of migrating-that it's maybe the only bird that does.P: If I were you, I would stick just with migration research. Remember, this is only a15-page paper.S: Ok, I see your point.P: But it's great that you're finding this all so interesting. I want you to come back tosee me in a week so we can take a look at the new direction in your paper and evaluatethe sources you've found in the meantime.中文大意:Male Student:老师,我想跟你讨论一下我的学期论文。

新托福iBT听力经典加试浪漫主义诗歌试题及答案

新托福iBT听力经典加试:浪漫主义诗歌(试题及答案)英国浪漫主义诗人华兹华斯及其诗歌18-19 世纪英国浪漫主义(Romanticism) 诗歌的鼻祖华兹华斯Wordsworth 的诗歌。

浪漫主义这个称谓是后人加上的，不是浪漫主义诗人对自己的称呼(此处有题)。

浪漫主义Romanticism 不是我们平时理解的浪漫romance/romantic，和男女之间的爱情无关。

Romanticism针对的是普通人common people 而不是少数受过教育的人educated people。

浪漫主义诗人用简单的语言simple language 描述日常生活中常见的事物、孩子、人类情感以及自然和人类之间的互动(有题：浪漫主义诗的特点。

(双选)针对的是个人情感，与古典主义不同。

)。

教授以自己为例，说自己在散步时感受到了这种互动(此处出题)与romanticism 针锋相对的一种风格是neo-classism(新古典主义)，也是那位romanticism 的鼻祖很反对的。

Neo-classism(新古典主义) 使用太多的elaboration，如sky 不叫sky，而叫blue extend;bird 不叫bird，而叫feathered person。

(有题：重听题，是对古典主义诗的描述，说他们把bird 说成fly people，大概是表现古典主义诗的特征。

)教授把该诗人的作品分为三个阶段。

早期的浪漫主义作品，主要描述植物的(花与草)诗歌。

中期时是对一些社会现象做的尖锐评论。

后期时对早期的作品进行修改review。

目前，文学界还是认为它早期的作品是最好的。

教授还说，他的诗越写到后来就越写越糟糕，反而早期的比较好，本文重点讲了他第一阶段的诗)重听题，大意是说教授认为作者第一阶段的早期作品比较好，但是在课上不对以后的作品作评价，暗示了什么?本文重点讲了他第一阶段的诗。

)补充资料：ROMANTICISMRomanticism is a style in the fine arts and literature. It emphasizes passion rather than reason, and imagination and intuition rather than logic. Romanticism favors full expression of the emotions, and free, spontaneous action rather than restraint and order.Romanticism can be seen as a rejection of the precepts of order, calm, harmony, balance, idealization, and rationality that typified Classicism in general and late 18th-century Neoclassicism in particular.It was also to some extent a reaction against the Enlightenment and against 18th-century rationalism and physical materialism in general. Romanticism emphasized the individual, the subjective, the irrational, the imaginative, the personal, the spontaneous, the emotional, the visionary, and the transcendental.Romanticism in literature. During the Romantic Movement, most writers were discontented with their world. It seemed commercial, inhuman, and standardized. To escape from modern life,the Romantics turned their interest to remote and faraway places, the medieval past, folklore and legends, and nature and the common people. The Romantics were also drawn to the supernatural.WORDSWORTHWordsworth, William (1770-1850), is considered by many scholars to be the most important English Romantic poet. In 1795, Wordsworth met Samuel Taylor Coleridge. The two men collaborated on Lyrical Ballads (1798), a collection of poems frequently regarded as the symbolic beginning of the English Romantic movement.Wordsworth argued that serious poems could describe "situations from common life" and be written in the ordinary language "really used by men." He believed such poems could clarify "the primary laws of our nature." Wordsworth also insisted that poetry is "emotion recollected in tranquility."He explained that his poetry used everyday language rather than the elevated poetic language of such earlier writers as Dryden and Pope because everyday language comes closer to expressing genuine human feeling. For the same reason, he wanted to write about everyday topics, especially rural, unsophisticated subjects.Wordsworth and Coleridge lived most of their lives in the scenic Lake District of northwestern England and wrote expressively about the beauties of nature and the thoughts that natural beauty inspires. Many of their blank verse poems are written in a meditative, conversational tone new to English poetry.Wordsworth, as we have said, is the chief representative典型的of some of the most important principles原则in the romantic movement, but he is far more a member of any movement, through his supreme poetic expression of some of the greatest spiritual ideals he belongs among the five or six greatest English poets.First, he is the profoundest interpreter of nature in all poetry. His feeling for nature has two aspects. he is keenly sensitive, and in a more delicately discriminating way than any of his predecessors, to all the external beauty and glory of nature, especially inanimate nature of mountains, woods and fields, streams and flowers, in all their infinitely varied aspects. A wonderful joyous and intimate sympathy with them is one of his controlling impulses.In the second place, Wordsworth is the most consistent of all the great English poets of democracy, though here as elsewhere his interest is mainly not t in the external but in the spiritual aspect of things.The obstinacy and these poems are only the most conspicuous result of Wordsworth chief temperamental defect, which was an almost total lack of the sense of humor. Regarding himself as the prophet of a supremely important new gospel, he never admitted the possibility of error in his own point of view and was never able to stand aside from his poetry and criticize itdispassionately.题目：问题一：浪漫主义诗的特点。

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第一篇：关于鸟的迁徙的论文写作Conversation: Student having difficulties in writing term paper1.文章回顾男student: Professor, I hope to discuss my term paper with you. I got stuck in writing the paper on bird migration. I have difficulties in finding enough materials about bird migration. (老师，今儿，我想跟你说说我的学期论文的事儿。

我卡住了，找不到这方面的资料。

) 女Professor: You can’t find enough material on bird migration?(语调上扬，最后一题，重听题的考点。

)男student: I want to write about early bird migration.( 要写的paper是关于古代鸟类迁徙的，所以资料不够。

)女Professor: “哦你确实找到了一个好的题目，但是你要知道我的要求是你们的论文要反映你们这学期学了什么。

”男student: 想写关于Aristotle关于这个题目的看法etc.女Professor: I want you to apply what you’ve learned to your paper. (希望他们运用所学知识研究来完成paper.) 不要只是做summary or description. 我想要看到你的special analysis.男student: 但是，我觉得我找的资料中有错误的。

（I think ….wrong）这就是为什么我不想用资料。

女Professor: 你不要完全放弃以前找的资料（discard）. 你可以换种想法，用rational 的方式。

这就是我们说的critical thinking，不一定非要同意资料。

可以写以前的(historically) old theory, 然后现在的这些新研究(current research) 如何支持(support)或者驳斥这些theory.男student: 我想可以写bird migrate at night。

人们大多只看到大鸟，所以认为小鸟在大鸟的翅膀下迁徙什么的，其实新发现是因为小鸟晚上飞(通过说这个topic来验证自己理解了老师的意图change the topic from ancient to recent)女Professor: That shows your thinking. （对，这样就是我们需要的思考能力）男student: 我想写一种不迁徙而是冬眠的鸟。

I want to write about the birds that do not migrate. They hibernate during winter.女Professor: 如果我是你，我就不会在一份15页的论文中写这么多。

（If I were you , I would not….. The paper is 15 pages…）不过，想法挺不错。

建议你以后每周(in a week)都来找我，看一下他写论文的新的方向（new direction）进行得如何。

2.题目问题一：Why does the student go to see the professor?答案：C（3）he cannot find enough material in writing his paper.问题二：How does the professor help the student?答案：A（1）change the topic from ancient to recent问题三：学生的论文中包括什么？答案：1. ANALYSIS 2.教授的建议问题四：Why does the student mention night migration ？答案：A (1) 通过说这个topic来验证自己理解了老师的意图he understands what the teacher said. change the topic from ancient to recent.问题五：listen again（女Professor说的：啊，你没找到鸟类迁徙的资料？）答案：B (2) 教授认为找资料很简单(…is easy….)第二篇：关于植物的分类，用大王花举例Lecture: Rafflesia3.文章回顾教授一开始就介绍植物分类，提到分类中的species种，genus属，order目。

说植物的classification 很难，一些特性比较特殊的植物特别是这个样子。

提出植物的分类不能完全依靠它flower的形态和特性。

提到Rafflesia(大王花)，开花石会散发腐臭的味道，以吸引蝇类传播花粉。

但是Indonesia有一种植物M，它的flower很特别，超级大（图片显示它的直径有一个手臂这么长，颜色为绛红），有难闻的味道，最后发现他们不是一个order 的。

大王花生长在很恶劣的环境中，其它的植物都不能生长（题目一：它生长在什么样的环境当中?）这种植物有食物的来源，但是它还是会抓insect吃，因为它不能从土壤中得到足够的营养，所以要通过这种方式来获取所需的营养（题目二：为什么吃虫?）然后教授说了它怎么抓虫的。

经过很长时间的研究，专家发现它和violet(紫罗兰)、willow(柳树) 等是属于一个order的，后提到幼时的violet，也会散发那种smell的。

提到共存（考题）。

另一种南美洲的植物和它是同一目的，但是花很小，味道也不难闻，与蓝莓共生coherent。

学生提问不能测DNA 吗，教授说这种大花基本不进行光合作用，没法提取一般植物能提取到的DNA。

在DNA分析技术成熟之前根本无法将他们并为同类，由于他们的特征差异太大。

教授还提到这种植物的交配不易，其一气味难闻致使传蜜的动物不易接近，其二它每年只开一次花，且花分雌雄。

所以要这么多先天条件凑齐不易，所以很少有人有机会看到开花的全过程（考题）。

结论，不可以貌取人。

后来又讲了这种花很有可能灭绝，原因是要fly帮忙运花粉，要同种的花在一起等等，要这些条件同时发生，是小概率事件。

题目问题一：What is the main topic of this lecture?答案：是说分类很难，尤其是特征很变态的问题二：大王花的特点答案：1. HUGE 2. 让FLY来传粉问题三：教授说M植物属于B类的，是什么意思？答案：M植物与大王花不是同一类的问题四：为什么不能用DNA？答案：不进行光合作用问题五：教授说了关于繁殖的，哪一项是对的？答案：不容易进行繁殖，很少有人看到它繁殖问题六：为什么很难繁殖？答案：1. MALE和FEMALE交配2. FLY传粉两个同时发生几率很小第三篇：关于一种美国爵士乐Lecture: Ragtime4.题目回顾Ragtime介绍了一种流行于美国19世纪左右名为ragtime的音乐，能够表现年青人的活力(spirit of youth)之类的，此乐流行是由于piano 的关系，因为两者真是太搭配了。

在那个年代，在各种场合都用钢琴。

此乐当时流行程度和Rock & Roll在某一时期一样（这里出现考点）。

女学生说了一堆后，来了一句I just don’t get it，意思是要教授explain，还说piano 之所以当时那么受欢迎，一是因为它能与音律产生和谐，另一是因为当时它算一种财富地位的象征symbol of wealth and status。

再加上，那个年代，大家都没钱，就去public concert or restaurant听音乐，而piano声音够响亮，又和ragtime music rhythm搭配的天衣无缝，所以，两者相得益彰这个音乐年轻人很喜欢，因为很有激情。

除了流动演出，park演出等不用钢琴，因为难搬（出现考点）because of transportation problem。

同时，ragtime 也是jazz的前身，因为演奏者不按牌理出牌，一首曲七个人弹，弹出七种调。

这种ragtime音乐影响很远啊，例如现在的jazz就是从那发展来的。

5.题目问题一：What is the main topic of this lecture? （how does piano contribute to the ragtime music）答案：因为piano适合ragtime music和谐发展问题二：在park等地方演出为什么不用钢琴？答案：不用钢琴，因为难搬transportation problem问题三：为什么piano是主要乐器？答案：1. 和RAGTIME MUSIC配合的很和谐2. 财富的象征问题四：关于JAZZ，什么正确？答案：JAZZ IS improvise即兴表演OF RAGTIME MUSIC问题五：listen again女学生说了一堆后，来了一句just don’t get it，什么意思？答案：让教授去explain ragtime music问题六：女生问：能像rock一样流行？答案：第四篇：关于女生丢ID卡Conversation: ID card6.文章回顾Listen to a conversation between a student and a staff in University Service office.女同学：老师，我想要申办新的ID卡，因为以前的丢了。