Defects at the Carbon Terminated SIC (001) Surface

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废气排放过多英语作文

废气排放过多英语作文Title: Excessive Exhaust Emission: A Looming Environmental Concern。

In recent years, the issue of excessive exhaust emission has emerged as a critical environmental challenge, posing significant threats to both public health and the global ecosystem. This essay aims to delve into the causes, consequences, and potential solutions to this pressing issue.First and foremost, the primary contributors to excessive exhaust emission are the combustion engines utilized in various modes of transportation, industrial processes, and energy production. Vehicles, particularly those powered by fossil fuels such as gasoline and diesel, release harmful pollutants like carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter (PM), andvolatile organic compounds (VOCs) into the atmosphere during combustion. Additionally, industrial activities andpower plants emit substantial amounts of greenhouse gases, exacerbating climate change.The ramifications of excessive exhaust emission are multifaceted and far-reaching. From a public health perspective, prolonged exposure to these pollutants canlead to respiratory illnesses, cardiovascular diseases, and even premature death. Moreover, the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere contributes to global warming, resulting in more frequent and severe weather events, disruptions to ecosystems, and rising sea levels.Addressing this issue requires a comprehensive approach encompassing technological innovation, policy interventions, and individual behavioral changes. One potential solution lies in the widespread adoption of cleaner and more sustainable transportation alternatives, such as electric vehicles (EVs) and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. By transitioning away from traditional internal combustion engines, we can significantly reduce emissions and mitigate air pollution.Furthermore, stringent regulations and emissions standards must be implemented and enforced across various sectors, including transportation, industry, and energy production. Governments play a pivotal role inincentivizing green technologies, subsidizing renewable energy projects, and penalizing non-compliance with environmental regulations. Additionally, promoting public awareness and education about the detrimental effects of excessive exhaust emission can foster a culture of environmental stewardship and encourage individuals to make eco-friendly choices in their daily lives.In conclusion, excessive exhaust emission poses a grave threat to both human health and the environment, necessitating urgent action at the global, national, and local levels. By embracing cleaner technologies, implementing effective policies, and fostering collective responsibility, we can strive towards a more sustainable future for generations to come. Only through concerted efforts and collective action can we combat this looming environmental crisis and safeguard the health and well-being of our planet.。

煤炭燃烧英语作文

煤炭燃烧英语作文{z}Title: The Impact of Coal BurningCoal has been an essential source of energy for centuries, powering industries, homes, and transportation worldwide.However, the burning of coal has significant negative impacts on the environment, public health, and the economy.This essay will explore the consequences of coal burning and argue for the transition to cleaner, more sustainable energy sources.The environmental impact of coal burning is profound.When coal is burned, it releases carbon dioxide (CO2), a greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming and climate change.In fact, coal burning is the single largest source of CO2 emissions globally.This leads to rising temperatures, changing weather patterns, and increased frequency of extreme weather events such as hurricanes, droughts, and floods.Furthermore, coal燃烧emits other harmful pollutants into the air, including sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and particulate matter.These pollutants have serious health consequences, including respiratory problems, heart disease, and lung cancer.In addition, coal mining can lead to environmental destruction, including deforestation, water pollution, and the disruption of ecosystems.The economic impact of coal burning is also significant.The health costs associated with air pollution from coal burning are substantial,amounting to billions of dollars each year in the United States alone.Additionally, the negative impacts of climate change, such as flooding and extreme weather events, will have costly consequences for communities and economies around the world.Fortunately, there are cleaner, more sustainable energy sources available that can reduce our reliance on coal.Renewable energy sources such as wind, solar, and hydroelectric power produce little to no greenhouse gas emissions and have minimal environmental impact.While these sources currently make up a smaller portion of the energy market, they are growing rapidly and becoming increasingly cost-competitive.In conclusion, the burning of coal has significant negative impacts on the environment, public health, and the economy.Transitioning to cleaner, more sustainable energy sources is essential to mitigate these impacts and create a brighter, more sustainable future for all.。

关于碳排放的问题英文作文

关于碳排放的问题英文作文Title: Addressing Carbon Emissions: A Global Imperative。

In recent years, the issue of carbon emissions has garnered increasing attention worldwide. As the detrimental effects of climate change become more apparent, it has become imperative for nations, corporations, andindividuals to take decisive action to mitigate theircarbon footprints. In this essay, we will explore the significance of reducing carbon emissions, examine current efforts to address this issue, and propose potential solutions for a sustainable future.Firstly, it is essential to understand the significance of carbon emissions reduction. Carbon dioxide (CO2) andother greenhouse gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, leading to global warming and climate change. The consequences of unchecked carbon emissions include rising temperatures, extreme weather events, sea-level rise, and disruptions to ecosystems and biodiversity. These impactsnot only threaten human health and safety but also jeopardize global economic stability and social well-being.Fortunately, there are various ongoing efforts to tackle carbon emissions on multiple fronts. At the international level, the Paris Agreement, adopted in 2015, represents a landmark commitment by nearly 200 countries to limit global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels. Signatories to the agreement have pledged to reduce their emissions through nationally determined contributions (NDCs) and enhance theirresilience to climate impacts. Additionally, initiatives such as the Carbon Pricing Leadership Coalition aim to incentivize emission reductions by putting a price on carbon pollution.Furthermore, many businesses are recognizing the importance of transitioning to low-carbon practices. Companies across industries are investing in renewable energy sources, implementing energy efficiency measures, and adopting sustainable production processes to reduce their carbon footprints. Corporate sustainabilityinitiatives not only contribute to environmental protection but also enhance brand reputation, attract environmentally conscious consumers, and drive innovation.At the individual level, individuals can also play a significant role in reducing carbon emissions through lifestyle changes and consumer choices. Simple actions such as reducing energy consumption, conserving water, using public transportation, and supporting eco-friendly products can collectively make a difference in reducing emissions. Moreover, advocating for policy changes and supporting renewable energy development can amplify individual efforts and drive systemic change.Looking ahead, there are several potential solutionsfor further reducing carbon emissions and accelerating the transition to a low-carbon economy. Investments in renewable energy infrastructure, such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power, can help replace fossil fuels and reduce reliance on carbon-intensive energy sources. Additionally, advancements in technology, such as carbon capture and storage (CCS) and sustainable agriculturepractices, hold promise for mitigating emissions from industrial processes and land use.Education and awareness-raising efforts are alsocrucial for fostering a culture of sustainability and encouraging widespread adoption of carbon reduction measures. By promoting climate literacy and empowering individuals with the knowledge and skills to make informed decisions, we can cultivate a sense of sharedresponsibility for protecting the planet and safeguarding future generations.In conclusion, addressing carbon emissions is a pressing global challenge that requires concerted action at all levels of society. By embracing sustainable practices, supporting policy measures, and investing in clean energy solutions, we can mitigate the impacts of climate change and create a more resilient and prosperous future for all. Together, we have the power to make a meaningful difference in safeguarding the health of our planet and ensuring a sustainable legacy for generations to come.。

过度排放二氧化碳的英语作文

过度排放二氧化碳的英语作文Excessive Emissions of Carbon Dioxide。

In recent years, the issue of excessive emissions of carbon dioxide has become a pressing concern for the global community. The rapid industrialization and modernization of many countries have led to a significant increase in carbon dioxide emissions, resulting in detrimental effects on our environment and climate. This essay aims to explore the causes and consequences of excessive carbon dioxide emissions and propose possible solutions to address this critical issue.Firstly, the burning of fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, is one of the primary sources of carbon dioxide emissions. These fuels are extensively used in power plants, factories, and transportation, releasing large amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Additionally, deforestation and land-use changes contribute to the release of carbon dioxide. Trees play a crucial role in absorbing carbon dioxide through photosynthesis, but the destruction of forests leads to a reduction in this natural process, resulting in higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.The consequences of excessive carbon dioxide emissions are far-reaching and alarming. One of the most significant impacts is the greenhouse effect, which leads to global warming. Carbon dioxide, along with other greenhouse gases, traps heat in the Earth's atmosphere, causing a rise in average global temperatures. This rise in temperature disrupts the climate patterns, leading to more frequent and severe weather events such as hurricanes, droughts, and heatwaves. Moreover, the melting of polar ice caps and glaciers due to global warming contributes to the rise in sea levels, posing a threat to coastal communities and ecosystems.To mitigate the issue of excessive carbon dioxide emissions, various measures can be taken at individual, national, and international levels. Firstly, promoting renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, and hydropower, can significantly reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Governments should invest in renewable energy infrastructure and provide incentives for individuals and businesses to adopt clean energy technologies.Secondly, improving energy efficiency in industries, buildings, and transportation can also contribute to the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions. This can be achieved through the use of energy-efficient technologies, proper insulation, and the promotion of public transportation.Furthermore, afforestation and reforestation programs should be implemented to restore and expand forest areas. Trees act as natural carbon sinks, absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and storing it in their biomass. By increasing the forest cover, we can effectively reduce carbon dioxide levels and enhance biodiversity. Additionally, raising awareness about the importance of reducing carbon dioxide emissions and adopting sustainable practices is crucial. Education campaigns and public outreach programs can play a significant role in encouraging individuals to make environmentally-friendly choices in their daily lives.In conclusion, excessive emissions of carbon dioxide pose a severe threat to our environment and climate. The burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and land-use changes are the primary causes of this issue. The consequences of excessive carbon dioxide emissions include global warming, extreme weather events, and rising sea levels. To address this issue, promoting renewable energy sources, improving energy efficiency, afforestation, and raising awareness are essential steps. It is crucial for individuals, governments, and international organizations to work together to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and create a sustainable future for generations to come.。

关于碳排放的短语英语作文

关于碳排放的短语英语作文1. Carbon emissions are like silent ninjas in the night, sneaking into our atmosphere without a sound, but wreaking havoc on our planet's health. 。

2. Picture this: a world where every breath you takefills your lungs with a cocktail of pollutants, courtesy of carbon emissions. 。

3. Let's cut to the chase: carbon emissions are the ultimate party crashers, ruining the Earth's atmosphere one molecule at a time. 。

4. It's time to face the music: carbon emissions arethe unwanted guests at our planetary fiesta, leaving behind a mess that Mother Nature can't clean up alone. 。

5. Wake up and smell the carbon: our addiction tofossil fuels is suffocating the planet, leaving behind atrail of destruction for future generations to inherit. 。

6. Brace yourself for the cold, hard truth: carbon emissions are the smoking gun behind climate change, and we're all accomplices in this planetary crime spree. 。

2010-26-EU-欧盟新排放指令

DIRECTIVESCOMMISSION DIRECTIVE 2010/26/EUof 31 March 2010amending Directive 97/68/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to measures against the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants from internal combustion engines to be installed in non-road mobile machinery(Text with EEA relevance)THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION, Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,Having regard to Directive 97/68/EC of 16 December 1997 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the approxi mation of the laws of the Member States relating to measures against the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants from internal combustion engines to be installed in non-road mobile machinery ( 1 ), and in particular Articles 14 and 14a thereof, Whereas:(1) Article 14a of Directive 97/68/EC sets out the criteria and the procedure for extending the period referred to in Article 9a(7) of that Directive. Studies carried out in accordance with Article 14a of Directive 97/68/EC show that there are substantial technical difficulties to comply with stage II requirements for professional use, multi- positional, hand-held mobile machinery in which engines of classes SH:2 and SH:3 are installed. It is therefore necessary to extend the period referred to in Article 9a(7) until 31 July 2013. (2) Since the amendment of Directive 97/68/EC in 2004, technical progress has been made in the design of diesel engines with a view to make them compliant with the exhaust emission limits for stages IIIB and IV. Electronically controlled engines, largely replacing me- chanically controlled fuel injection and control systems, have been developed. Therefore, the current general type- approval requirements in Annex I to Directive 97/68/EC should be adapted accordingly and general type-approval requirements for stages IIIB and IV should be introduced. (3) Annex II to Directive 97/68/EC specifies the technical details of the information documents that need to be submitted by the manufacturer to the type-approval authority with the application for engine type-approval. The details specified regarding the additional anti- pollution devices are generic and should be adapted to the specific after-treatment systems that need to be used to ensure that engines comply with exhaust emission limit stages IIIB and IV. More detailed information on the after-treatment devices installed on the engines should be submitted to enable type-approval authorities to assess the engine’s capability to comply with stages IIIB and IV.(4) Annex III to Directive 97/68/EC sets out the methodtesting the engines and determining their level of emissions of gaseous and particulate pollutants. The type-approval testing procedure of engines to demon strate compliance with the exhaust emission limits of stage IIIB and IV should ensure that the simultaneous compliance with the gaseous (carbon monoxide, hydro carbons, oxides of nitrogen) and the particulate emission limits is demonstrated. The non-road steady cycle (NRSC) and non-road transient cycle (NRTC) should be adapted accordingly. (5) Point 1.3.2 of Annex III to Directive 97/68/EC foreseesthe modification of the symbols (section 2.18 of Annex I), the test sequence (Annex III) and calculation equations (Appendix III to Annex III), prior to the introduction of the cold/hot composite test sequence. The type approval procedure to demonstrate compliance with the exhaust emission limits of stage IIIB and IV requires the intro duction of a detailed description of the cold start cycle. (6) Section 3.7.1 of Annex III to Directive 97/68/EC sets out the test cycle for the different equipment specifications. The test cycle under point 3.7.1.1 (specification A) needs to be adapted to clarify which engine speed needs to be used in the type approval calculation method. It is also necessary to adapt the reference to the updated version of the international testing standard ISO 8178-4:2007.( 1 ) OJ L 59, 27.2.1998, p. 1.(7) Section 4.5 of Annex III to Directive 97/68/EC outlines the emissions test run. This section needs to be adapted to take account of the cold start cycle. (8) Appendix 3 of Annex III to Directive 97/68/EC sets out the criteria for the data evaluation and calculation of the gaseous emissions and the particulate emissions, for both the NRSC test and the NRTC test set out in Annex III. The type approval of engines in accordance with stage IIIB and IV requires the adaptation of the calculation method for the NRTC test. (9) Annex XIII to Directive 97/68/EC sets out the provisions for engines placed on the market under a ‘flexible scheme’. To ensure a smooth implementation of stage IIIB, an increased use of this flexibility scheme may be needed. Therefore, the adaptation to technical progress to enable the introduction of stage IIIB compliant engines needs to be accompanied by measures to avoid that the use of the flexibility scheme may be hampered by notifi cation requirements which are no longer adapted to the introduction of such engines. The measures should aim at simplifying the notification requirements and the reporting obligations, and at making them more focused and tailored to the need for market surveillance authorities to respond to the increased use of the flexi bility scheme that will result from the introduction of stage IIIB. (10) Since Directive 97/68/EC provides for the type-approval of stage IIIB engines (category L) as from 1 January 2010 it is necessary to provide for the possibility to grant type approval from that date. (11) For reasons of legal certainty this Directive should enter into force as a matter of urgency. (12) The measures provided for in this Directive are in accordance with the opinion of the Committee estab lished in Article 15(1) of Directive 97/68/EC, HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE: Article 1 Amendments to Directive 97/68/EC Directive 97/68/EC is amended as follows: 1. in Article 9a(7), the following subparagraph is added: ‘Notwithstanding the first subparagraph, an extension of the derogation period is granted until 31 July 2013, within the category of top handle machines, for professional use, multi- positional, hand-held hedge trimmers and top handle tree service chainsaws in which engines of classes SH:2 and SH:3 are installed.’;2. Annex I is amended in accordance with Annex I to this Directive;3. Annex II is amended in accordance with Annex II to this Directive;4. Annex III is amended in accordance with Annex III to this Directive;5. Annex V is amended in accordance to Annex IV to this Directive;6. Annex XIII is amended in accordance with Annex V to this Directive.Article 2Transitional provisionWith effect from the day following the publication of this Directive in the Official Journal, Member States may grant type-approval in respect of electronically controlled engines which comply with the requirements laid down in Annexes I, II, III, V and XIII to Directive 97/68/EC, as amended by this Directive.Article 3Transposition1. Member States shall bring into force the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with the Directive within 12 months after the publication of the Directive. They shall forthwith communicate to the Commission the text of those provisions.They shall apply those provisions from 31 March 2011.When Member States adopt those provisions, they shall contain a reference to this Directive or be accompanied by such a reference on the occasion of their official publication. Member States shall determine how such reference is to be made.2. Member States shall communicate to the Commission the text of the main provisions of national law which they adopt in the field covered by this Directive.Article 4Entry into forceThis Directive shall enter into force on the day following its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union .Article 5AddresseesThis Directive is addressed to the Member States. Done at Brussels, 31 March 2010. For the Commission The President José Manuel BARROSOANNEX IThe following section 8 is added to Annex I to Directive 97/68/EC:IIIBIVSTAGESANDFOR‘8. TYPEAPPROVALREQUIREMENTS8.1. This section shall apply to the type-approval of electronically controlled engines, which uses electronic control todetermine both the quantity and timing of injecting fuel (hereafter “engine”). This section shall apply irrespective of the technology applied to such engines to comply with the emission limit values set out in sections 4.1.2.5 and 4.1.2.6 of this Annex.8.2. DefinitionsFor the purpose of this section, the following definitions shall apply:8.2.1. “emission control strategy” means a combination of an emission control system with one base emission controlstrategy and with one set of auxiliary emission control strategies, incorporated into the overall design of an engine or non-road mobile machinery into which the engine is installed.8.2.2. “reagent” means any consumable or non-recoverable medium required and used for the effective operation of theexhaust after-treatment system.8.3. Generalrequirements8.3.1. Requirements for base emission control strategy8.3.1.1. The base emission control strategy, activated throughout the speed and torque operating range of the engine,shall be designed as to enable the engine to comply with the provisions of this Directive8.3.1.2. Any base emission control strategy that can distinguish engine operation between a standardised type approvaltest and other operating conditions and subsequently reduce the level of emission control when not operating under conditions substantially included in the type approval procedure is prohibited.8.3.2. Requirements for auxiliary emission control strategy8.3.2.1. An auxiliary emission control strategy may be used by an engine or a non-road mobile machine, provided thatthe auxiliary emission control strategy, when activated, modifies the base emission control strategy in response toa specific set of ambient and/or operating conditions but does not permanently reduce the effectiveness of theemission control system:(a) where the auxiliary emission control strategy is activated during the type approval test, sections 8.3.2.2 and8.3.2.3 shall not apply;(b) where the auxiliary emission control strategy is not activated during the type approval test, it must bedemonstrated that the auxiliary emission control strategy is active only for as long as required for thepurposes identified in section 8.3.2.3.8.3.2.2. The control conditions applicable to this section are all of the following:(a) an altitude not exceeding 1 000 metres (or equivalent atmospheric pressure of 90 kPa);(b) an ambient temperature within the range 275 K to 303 K (2 °C to 30 °C);(c) the engine coolant temperature above 343 K (70 °C).Where the auxiliary emission control strategy is activated when the engine is operating within the control conditions set out in points (a), (b) and (c), the strategy shall only be activated exceptionally.8.3.2.3. An auxiliary emission control strategy may be activated in particular for the following purposes:(a) by onboard signals, for protecting the engine (including air-handling device protection) and/or non-roadmobile machine into which the engine is installed from damage;(b) for operational safety and strategies;(c) for prevention of excessive emissions, during cold start or warming-up, during shut-down;(d) if used to trade-off the control of one regulated pollutant under specific ambient or operating conditions, formaintaining control of all other regulated pollutants, within the emission limit values that are appropriate forthe engine concerned. The purpose is to compensate for naturally occurring phenomena in a manner thatprovides acceptable control of all emission constituents.8.3.2.4. The manufacturer shall demonstrate to the technical service at the time of the type-approval test that theoperation of any auxiliary emission strategy complies with the provisions of section 8.3.2. The demonstration shall consist of an evaluation of the documentation referred to in section 8.3.3.8.3.2.5. Any operation of an auxiliary emission control strategy not compliant with section 8.3.2 is prohibited.8.3.3. Documentation requirements8.3.3.1. The manufacturer shall provide an information folder accompanying the application for type-approval at thetime of submission to the technical service, which ensures access to any element of design and emission control strategy and the means by which the auxiliary strategy directly or indirectly controls the output variables. The information folder shall be made available in two parts:(a) the documentation package, annexed to the application for type-approval, shall include a full overview of theemission control strategy. Evidence shall be provided that all outputs permitted by a matrix, obtained fromthe range of control of the individual unit inputs, have been identified. This evidence shall be attached to theinformation folder as referred to in Annex II;(b) the additional material, presented to the technical service but not annexed to the application for type-approval, shall include all the modified parameters by any auxiliary emission control strategy and theboundary conditions under which this strategy operates and in particular:(i) a description of the control logic and of timing strategies and switch points, during all modes ofoperation for the fuel and other essential systems, resulting in effective emissions control (such asexhaust gas recirculation system (EGR) or reagent dosing);(ii) a justification for the use of any auxiliary emission control strategy applied to the engine, accompanied by material and test data, demonstrating the effect on exhaust emissions. This justification may be basedon test data, sound engineering analysis, or a combination of both;(iii) a detailed description of algorithms or sensors (where applicable) used for identifying, analysing, or diagnosing incorrect operation of the NO x control system;(iv) the tolerance used to satisfy the requirements in section 8.4.7.2, regardless of the used means.8.3.3.2. The additional material referred to in point (b) of section 8.3.3.1 shall be treated as strictly confidential. It shallbe made available to the type-approval authority on request. The type-approval authority shall treat this material as confidential.ofoperationNO x control measures8.4. Requirementstoensurecorrect8.4.1. The manufacturer shall provide information that fully describes the functional operational characteristics of theNO x control measures using the documents set out in section 2 of Appendix 1 to Annex II and in section 2 of Appendix 3 to Annex II.8.4.2. If the emission control system requires a reagent, the characteristics of that reagent, including the type of reagent,information on concentration when the reagent is in solution, operational temperature conditions and reference to international standards for composition and quality must be specified by the manufacturer, in section 2.2.1.13 of Appendix 1 and in section 2.2.1.13 of Appendix 3 to Annex II.8.4.3. The engine emission control strategy shall be operational under all environmental conditions regularly pertainingin the territory of the Community, especially at low ambient temperatures.8.4.4. The manufacturer shall demonstrate that the emission of ammonia during the applicable emission test cycle ofthe type approval procedure, when a reagent is used, does not exceed a mean value of 25 ppm.8.4.5. If separate reagent containers are installed on or connected to a non-road mobile machine, means for taking asample of the reagent inside the containers must be included. The sampling point must be easily accessible without requiring the use of any specialised tool or device.8.4.6. Use and maintenance requirements8.4.6.1. The type approval shall be made conditional, in accordance with Article 4(3), upon providing to each operator ofnon-road mobile machinery written instructions comprising the following:(a) detailed warnings, explaining possible malfunctions generated by incorrect operation, use or maintenance ofthe installed engine, accompanied by respective rectification measures;(b) detailed warnings on the incorrect use of the machine resulting in possible malfunctions of the engine,accompanied by respective rectification measures;(c) information on the correct use of the reagent, accompanied by an instruction on refilling the reagentbetween normal maintenance intervals;(d) a clear warning, that the type-approval certificate, issued for the type of engine concerned, is valid only whenall of the following conditions are met:(i) the engine is operated, used and maintained in accordance with the instructions provided;(ii) prompt action has been taken for rectifying incorrect operation, use or maintenance in accordance with the rectification measures indicated by the warnings referred to in point (a) and (b);(iii) no deliberate misuse of the engine has taken place, in particular deactivating or not maintaining an EGR or reagent dosing system.The instructions shall be written in a clear and non-technical manner using the same language as is used in the operator’s manual on non-road mobile machinery or engine.8.4.7. Reagent control (where applicable)8.4.7.1. The type approval shall be made conditional, in accordance with the provisions of section 3 of Article 4, uponproviding indicators or other appropriate means, according to the configuration of the non-road mobile machinery, informing the operator on:(a) the amount of reagent remaining in the reagent storage container and by an additional specific signal, whenthe remaining reagent is less than 10 % of the full container’s capacity;(b) when the reagent container becomes empty, or almost empty;(c) when the reagent in the storage tank does not comply with the characteristics declared and recorded insection 2.2.1.13 of Appendix 1 and section 2.2.1.13 of Appendix 3 to Annex II, according to the installedmeans of assessment.(d) when the dosing activity of the reagent is interrupted, in cases other than those executed by the engine ECUor the dosing controller, reacting to engine operating conditions where the dosing is not required, providedthat these operating conditions are made available to the type approval authority.8.4.7.2. By the choice of the manufacturer the requirements of reagent compliance with the declared characteristics andthe associated NO x emission tolerance shall be satisfied by one of the following means:(a) direct means, such as the use of a reagent quality sensor.(b) indirect means, such as the use of a NO x sensor in the exhaust to evaluate reagent effectiveness.(c) any other means, provided that its efficacy is at least equal to the one resulting by the use of the means ofpoints (a) or (b) and the main requirements of this section are maintained.’ANNEX IIAnnex II to Directive 97/68/EC is amended as follows:1. Section 2 of Appendix 1 is replaced by the following:POLLUTIONAIRAGAINSTTAKEN‘2. MEASURESyes/no(*)............................................................................................................gases:recyclingcrankcase2.1. Deviceforcoverednotbyheading)ifanother(ifanti-pollutiondevices2.2. Additionalandany,(*)yes/noconverter:2.2.1. Catalytic.......................................................................................................................................................................................2.2.1.1. Make(s):........................................................................................................................................................................................2.2.1.2. Type(s):converterselements................................................................................................................andcatalytic2.2.1.3. Numberofconverter(s):...............................................................................................thecatalyticofandvolume2.2.1.4. Dimensions-........................................................................................................................................................action:ofcatalytic2.2.1.5. Typeprecious........................................................................................................................................metals:of2.2.1.6. Totalchargeconcentration:...........................................................................................................................................................2.2.1.7. Relative.....................................................................................................................................material):and2.2.1.8. Substrate(structure...............................................................................................................................................................................2.2.1.9. Celldensity:2.2.1.10. Type of casing for the catalytic converter(s): .................................................................................................................2.2.1.11. Location of the catalytic converter(s) (place(s) and maximum/minimum distance(s) from engine): ............2.2.1.12. Normal operating range (K): ................................................................................................................................................2.2.1.13. Consumable reagent (where appropriate): .......................................................................................................................2.2.1.13.1. Type and concentration of reagent needed for catalytic action: .............................................................................2.2.1.13.2. Normal operational temperature range of reagent: ......................................................................................................2.2.1.13.3. International standard (where appropriate): ....................................................................................................................2.2.1.14. NO x sensor: yes/no (*)(*)yes/nosensor:2.2.2. Oxygen.......................................................................................................................................................................................2.2.2.1. Make(s):............................................................................................................................................................................................2.2.2.2. Type:.....................................................................................................................................................................................2.2.2.3. Location:(*)yes/noinjection:2.2.3. Airetc.):.........................................................................................................................................pump,2.2.3.1. Type(pulseair,air(*)yes/no2.2.4. EGR:etc.):pressure,........................................................................2.2.4.1. Characteristicspressure/low(cooled/uncooled,high(*)yes/no2.2.5. Particulatetrap:particulate.........................................................................................................thetrap:capacityof2.2.5.1. Dimensionsandparticulatetrap:.........................................................................................................................theandof2.2.5.2. Typedesignengine):..................................................................fromdistance(s)2.2.5.3. Locationand(place(s)maximum/minimumdescriptionand/ordrawing:regeneration,............................................................................ofor2.2.5.4. Methodsystempressure(kPa)and..................................................................................range:2.2.5.5. Normal(K)operatingtemperature(*)yes/nosystems:2.2.6. Otheroperation:...................................................................................................................................................and2.2.6.1. Description___________(*) Strike out what does not apply.’2. Section 2 of Appendix 3 is replaced by the following:POLLUTIONAGAINSTAIRTAKEN‘2. MEASURESyes/no(*)............................................................................................................gases:crankcase2.1. Deviceforrecyclingcoverednotbyheading)ifanotherany,anti-pollutiondevices(ifand2.2. Additional(*)yes/noconverter:2.2.1. Catalytic.......................................................................................................................................................................................2.2.1.1. Make(s):........................................................................................................................................................................................2.2.1.2. Type(s):and................................................................................................................converterselementscatalyticof2.2.1.3. Numberconverter(s):...............................................................................................thecatalyticofandvolume2.2.1.4. Dimensions-........................................................................................................................................................action:ofcatalytic2.2.1.5. Typeprecious........................................................................................................................................metals:of2.2.1.6. Totalchargeconcentration:...........................................................................................................................................................2.2.1.7. Relative.....................................................................................................................................material):and2.2.1.8. Substrate(structure...............................................................................................................................................................................2.2.1.9. Celldensity:2.2.1.10. Type of casing for the catalytic converter(s): .................................................................................................................2.2.1.11. Location of the catalytic converter(s) (place(s) and maximum/minimum distance(s) from engine): ............2.2.1.12. Normal operating range (K) .................................................................................................................................................2.2.1.13. Consumable reagent (where appropriate): .......................................................................................................................2.2.1.13.1. Type and concentration of reagent needed for catalytic action: .............................................................................2.2.1.13.2. Normal operational temperature range of reagent: ......................................................................................................2.2.1.13.3. International standard (where appropriate): ....................................................................................................................2.2.1.14. NO x sensor: yes/no (*)yes/no(*)sensor:2.2.2. Oxygen.......................................................................................................................................................................................2.2.2.1. Make(s):............................................................................................................................................................................................2.2.2.2. Type:.....................................................................................................................................................................................2.2.2.3. Location:(*)yes/noinjection:2.2.3. Airetc.):.........................................................................................................................................pump,2.2.3.1. Type(pulseair,air(*)yes/no2.2.4. EGR:etc.):pressure,........................................................................2.2.4.1. Characteristicspressure/low(cooled/uncooled,high(*)yes/no2.2.5. Particulatetrap:particulate.........................................................................................................thetrap:capacityof2.2.5.1. Dimensionsandparticulatetrap:.........................................................................................................................theandof2.2.5.2. Typedesignengine):..................................................................fromdistance(s)2.2.5.3. Locationand(place(s)maximum/minimumdescriptionand/ordrawing:regeneration,............................................................................ofor2.2.5.4. Methodsystempressure(kPa)and..................................................................................range:2.2.5.5. Normal(K)operatingtemperature(*)yes/nosystems:2.2.6. Otheroperation:...................................................................................................................................................and2.2.6.1. Description___________(*) Strike out what does not apply.’。

关于碳排放的英语作文大学

关于碳排放的英语作文大学Title: The Issue of Carbon EmissionsIn recent years, the issue of carbon emissions has become a major concern for governments, businesses, and individuals worldwide. The burning of fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, has led to a significant increase in carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in the Earth's atmosphere. This has resulted in global warming and climate change, which pose serious threats to our planet and its inhabitants.The consequences of carbon emissions are far-reaching. Rising temperatures can lead to extreme weather events, such as hurricanes, droughts, and floods. These natural disasters can cause loss of life, destruction of property, and displacement of communities. Moreover, climate change can disrupt ecosystems, leading to the loss of biodiversity and the extinction of species.To address this pressing issue, various measures have been implemented. Governments have enacted policies to reduce carbon emissions, such as setting emission reduction targets and implementing carbon pricing mechanisms. Businesses have also taken steps to reduce their carbon footprint, by adopting renewable energy sources, improving energyefficiency, and engaging in sustainable practices. Individuals can contribute by making lifestyle changes, such as reducing energy consumption, using public transportation, and supporting eco-friendly products.However, the challenge of reducing carbon emissions is complex and requires collective efforts. It requires a transition to a low-carbon economy, which involves a shift from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, and hydropower. This transition requires significant investments in research and development, infrastructure, and education.In conclusion, the issue of carbon emissions is a global concern that requires urgent action. By reducing carbon emissions, we can mitigate the impacts of climate change and protect our planet for future generations. It is essential for governments, businesses, and individuals to work together and take concrete steps to reduce carbon emissions and transition to a sustainable future.中文翻译：标题：碳排放问题近年来，碳排放问题已成为世界各国政府、企业和个人关注的焦点。

过度排放二氧化碳的英语作文

过度排放二氧化碳的英语作文英文回答：Excessive Carbon Emissions.Excessive carbon emissions, primarily caused by human activities such as burning fossil fuels, have emerged as a pressing global concern. These emissions contribute significantly to climate change, leading to a wide range of adverse consequences for the environment and human societies.One of the main sources of carbon emissions is the burning of fossil fuels, which includes coal, oil, and natural gas. These fuels release large amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere, where it acts as a greenhouse gas. Greenhouse gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, causing an increase in global temperatures.The consequences of excessive carbon emissions are far-reaching. Climate change, fueled by rising temperatures, triggers more frequent and intense extreme weather events, such as hurricanes, floods, and droughts. These events can have devastating impacts on human populations, infrastructure, and ecosystems.Moreover, rising global temperatures alter weather patterns, affecting precipitation patterns and agricultural yields. Changes in precipitation can lead to water shortages or flooding, while changes in agricultural yields can impact food security and livelihoods.Ocean acidification is another significant consequence of carbon emissions. As CO2 is absorbed by the oceans, it reacts with seawater to form carbonic acid, lowering the pH of the ocean and making it more acidic. Acidic ocean conditions threaten marine life, particularly organismsthat rely on calcium carbonate for shell or skeleton formation, such as corals and shellfish.The transition to a low-carbon economy is imperative to address the issue of excessive carbon emissions. Thisinvolves reducing our reliance on fossil fuels and adopting renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power. Additionally, promoting energy efficiency measures, such as improving building insulation and using more energy-efficient appliances, can also help to curb emissions.Efforts to reduce carbon emissions must be collaborative, involving both individual and collective action. Governments, industries, and individuals all have a role to play in mitigating the impact of climate change. By working together, we can create a more sustainable future for generations to come.中文回答：二氧化碳排放过量。

碳排放的英语作文

碳排放的英语作文In the modern era, the issue of carbon emissions has become a critical concern for the global community. As humanactivities continue to escalate, so does the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) released into the atmosphere, leading to a series of environmental challenges. This essay aims to explore the sources of carbon emissions, their effects on the environment, and the potential solutions to mitigate this growing problem.Firstly, the primary sources of carbon emissions are largely attributed to the burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas for energy production. Industries, transportation, and electricity generation are among the top contributors to these emissions. Additionally, deforestation is another significant factor, as trees that would otherwise absorb CO2 are cut down, releasing the stored carbon backinto the atmosphere.The effects of carbon emissions are far-reaching and include global warming, which is the most pressing environmental issue of our time. The increase in CO2 levels in the atmosphere traps heat, leading to a rise in average global temperatures. This phenomenon has been linked to a variety of environmental consequences, such as the melting of polar ice caps, rising sea levels, and more frequent and severe weather events.Moreover, the rise in carbon emissions also has a direct impact on human health. Poor air quality resulting from high levels of CO2 and other pollutants can lead to respiratory illnesses and other health problems, particularly for vulnerable populations such as the elderly and children.To address the issue of carbon emissions, a multifaceted approach is necessary. One of the most effective strategiesis the transition to renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power. These sources do not emit CO2 and are a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels.Another crucial measure is the implementation of energy-efficient technologies and practices. This includes improving the energy efficiency of buildings, using public transportation, and adopting energy-saving habits in daily life.Furthermore, reforestation and afforestation efforts are vital. Planting trees not only absorbs CO2 but also provides habitats for wildlife and preserves biodiversity.In conclusion, carbon emissions are a significant threat to our environment and our way of life. It is imperative that we take collective action to reduce our carbon footprint and transition to a more sustainable future. Through education, policy changes, and individual efforts, we can work towards a cleaner, greener world for generations to come.。

汽车配件说明书

Care ............................................. 105 Operation .................................... 103 CAUTION, Explanation of ............... ii CD Care .......................................... 100 CD Changer...................................... 99 CD Changer Error Messages ...... 102 CD Player Error Messages .......... 101 CD Player.......................................... 98 Ceiling Light..................................... 84 Certification Label ......................... 200 Chains ............................................. 172 Changing a Flat Tire ..................... 177 Changing Oil How to......................................... 151 When to....................................... 145 Charging System Indicator .... 54, 189
Indicators................................ 131 Shift Lever Positions ................. 131 Shift Lock Release..................... 134

甲烷如何危害环境英语作文

甲烷如何危害环境英语作文Title: The Environmental Hazards of Methane。

Methane, often referred to as natural gas, is a potent greenhouse gas that poses significant threats to the environment. Despite being less prevalent in the atmosphere compared to carbon dioxide, methane's high global warming potential makes it a major contributor to climate change. In this essay, we will delve into the various ways in which methane adversely affects the environment.Firstly, methane is a powerful greenhouse gas, with a heat-trapping potential much greater than that of carbon dioxide over a shorter time frame. This property makes it a key driver of global warming and climate change. When released into the atmosphere, either naturally through processes like wetlands and wildfires, or through human activities such as agriculture, fossil fuel extraction, and waste management, methane absorbs infrared radiation and contributes to the greenhouse effect, thereby warming theplanet.Secondly, methane emissions contribute to air pollution and degrade air quality. Incomplete combustion of methane releases pollutants such as nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds, which can react in the atmosphere to form ground-level ozone and particulate matter. These pollutants have adverse effects on human health, leading to respiratory problems, cardiovascular diseases, and other health issues, particularly in vulnerable populations such as children, the elderly, and individuals with pre-existing health conditions.Moreover, methane emissions exacerbate the ongoing crisis of ocean acidification. A significant portion of methane released into the atmosphere eventually dissolves into the ocean, where it undergoes chemical reactions to form carbonic acid. This acidification negatively impacts marine ecosystems, particularly coral reefs, shellfish, and other organisms that rely on calcium carbonate for their shells and skeletons. The disruption of marine food webs and habitats can have far-reaching consequences onbiodiversity and the livelihoods of coastal communities dependent on fisheries and tourism.Furthermore, methane emissions contribute to the depletion of the ozone layer. Although methane itself does not directly deplete ozone, its breakdown products, such as carbon monoxide and hydrogen radicals, can catalytically destroy ozone molecules in the stratosphere. This thinning of the ozone layer increases the penetration of harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun, posing risks to human health, including skin cancer, cataracts, and immune suppression, as well as damaging terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.Additionally, methane emissions from the agricultural sector, particularly from livestock digestion and manure management, contribute to eutrophication and water pollution. Runoff of excess nutrients from agricultural activities, including nitrogen and phosphorus from fertilizers and organic matter from animal waste, can lead to algal blooms and oxygen depletion in water bodies. These conditions create dead zones where aquatic life cannotsurvive, further disrupting ecosystems and impairing water quality for human use.In conclusion, methane poses significant environmental hazards, including its role in climate change, air pollution, ocean acidification, ozone depletion, and water pollution. Addressing methane emissions requires concerted efforts at both global and local levels, including regulatory measures, technological advancements, and changes in consumption patterns and waste management practices. By mitigating methane emissions, we can help mitigate the impacts of climate change, protect human health, and preserve the integrity of ecosystems for future generations.。

2024届高考英语一轮总复习选择性必修第三册Unit3EnvironmentalProtection

UNIT 3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION一、阅读词汇——在词块中明义1．the emission of gases 气体的排放2．carbon footprint碳足迹3．the disposal of waste 废物处理4．a professor in ecology一位生态学教授5．reduce fuel consumption 降低燃料消耗6．attract worldwide attention 引起世界各地的关注7．economic policy经济政策8．under heavy smog处于重度烟雾中9．the volume of sales 销售量10．in a garbage bag 在一个垃圾袋里二、表达词汇——在语境中活用(一)在括号内写出蓝体词汇在语境中的汉语意思1．He is releasing an album of songs.(vt.发布)2．There is a growing trend towards earlier retirement.(n.趋势)3．Troops have seized the airport and railway terminals.(vt.控制)4．There was impatience over the slowness of reform.(n.改革)5．The storms and torrential rain caused traffic chaos across the country.(n.混乱)6．The army has recently been brought in to restore order.(vt.恢复)7．The factory was fined for discharging chemicals into the river.(vt.对……处以罚款)8．During his election campaign he promised to put the economy back on its feet.(n.运动)(二)写出蓝体词汇的语境之义及拓展形式1．In the 1930s, millions of Ukrainians starved to death or were deported.(vt.挨饿)拓展：starvation n．饥饿；挨饿；饿死2．She managed to sustain everyone's interest until the end of her speech.(vt.维持)拓展：sustained adj.持续的；持久的→sustainable adj.可持续的；合理利用的3．The concert will be broadcast live on television and radio.(vt.播送)拓展：broadcaster n．广播员4．I restrict myself to one cup of coffee a day.(vt.限制)拓展：restriction n．限制规定；限制法规；约束→restricted adj.受限制的；有限的→restrictive adj.限制性的；约束的5．In short, a good and harmonious environment at home is necessary for a child to grow healthy.(adj.和谐的)拓展：harmony n．融洽；协调6．A teacher must be sensitive to a child's needs.(adj.敏感的)拓展：sense n．感觉；理解力→sensible adj.明智的；合理的→senseless adj.无意义的；失去知觉的→sensitively adv.敏感地；易受伤害地7．Engineers carried out a thorough inspection of the track.(n.检查)拓展：inspect vt.检查；视察→inspector n．检查员；视察员8．I don't know how you tolerate that noise！(vt.忍受)拓展：tolerance n．容忍；宽容→tolerable adj.可容忍的→tolerant adj.容忍的；宽容的→tolerantly adv.容忍地三、词块短语——在语境中辨义活用写出或选出加蓝部分在语境中的汉语意思1．I've been chosen to attend the national chess competition on behalf of our school.代表2．Keeping animals at zoos has had an impact on the status of most endangered species.对……有影响3．However, they have real impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources.导致4．Most of housewives spent more time in search of food for cooking in their daily life.寻找5．I took notes during the meeting, but I haven't had a chance to write them into a report so far.到目前为止6．Last winter when I went there again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chickens.许多7．Evolution occurs as a result of adaptation to new environment.由于8．Some rare birds in the area are in danger of dying out because of humanactivities.BA．减弱B．灭绝C．渴望D．平息四、经典句式——在佳句背诵中品悟规则用法1.2.五、“续写”片段——在背诵中品悟如何写靓写美常用修辞手法之暗喻We got out of the car and each took a child's hand, and I followed Carolyn down the path.Then, we turned a corner of the path, and I looked up.Before me lay the most glorious sight as though someone had taken a great vat of colours and poured it down over the mountain.The flowers were planted in splendid patterns —ribbonsof deep orange, white, lemon, yellow, and butter yellow.Each different-coloured variety was planted as a group so that it swirled and flowed as a river with its own unique colour.There were a huge sea of flowers.我们下了车，每人牵着一个孩子的手，我跟着卡罗琳沿着小路走。

温室气体排放过多英语作文

温室气体排放过多英语作文1. The excessive emission of greenhouse gases is a serious problem that we need to address immediately. It is causing global temperatures to rise at an alarming rate, leading to more frequent and severe natural disasters.2. The burning of fossil fuels is one of the main contributors to greenhouse gas emissions. We need to find alternative sources of energy that are more sustainable and environmentally friendly.3. Deforestation is another major factor contributing to the increase in greenhouse gases. Trees absorb carbon dioxide, so when we cut down forests, we are releasing more CO2 into the atmosphere.4. The consequences of climate change are already being felt around the world. From extreme weather events torising sea levels, the impacts are far-reaching and affect all of us.5. It is crucial that we take action now to reduce our carbon footprint and limit the amount of greenhouse gases we are releasing into the atmosphere. We need to work together to find solutions and make changes in our daily lives to protect our planet for future generations.。

SVS Prime 扬声器说明书

S P E A K E R SThank you, and congratulations on purchasing yournew SVS Prime Speaker!All it takes is one listen to the Prime Speakers to understand just how much passion SVS poured into the development of this new family of loudspeakers. Leveraging design and technology from the SVS Ultra Speaker family, the Prime Speakers feature premium drivers andhigh-quality crossover components simply not found anywhere else at this level. We’re proud to say that you won’t ﬁnd speakers with better sound quality or performance value at this price.If you ever have any questions about your SVS product, or need help setting them up, feel free to contact us directly.•***********************•(877)626-5623 owner’s manual v.1.1_081920141SETTING UP YOUR PRIME SPEAKERS 3I ONS 3OPTFOOTACOUSTICS & ROOM PLACEMENT 4 PLACEMENT 6 ROOMI NG 8MOUNTSPEAKERI ON 9 SPEAKERCONNECTCARING FOR YOUR PRIME SPEAKERS 10 WARRANTY 10 THOUGHTS 10 YOURSHAREI CATI FI ONS 11 FEATURESSPEC&TOWER 11 PRI MEI MEBOOKSHELF 12 PRCENTER 13 I MEPRI TE 14SATELLPRI ME2The Prime Bookshelf, Prime Center and Prime Satellite also include stick-on bumper kits that can be attached to the bottom of your speakers to protect them when placed on speaker stands and other surfaces.3Front Left/Right Loudspeaker Placement and Room Acoustics:Proper placement of the front left/right speakers is essential to achieve the smoothest frequency response, optimal stereo imaging and the most spacious, three-dimensional soundstage.Stereo imaging and soundstage are affected by loudspeaker location and the listening position, relative to each other and room boundaries. Moving the loudspeakers away from room boundaries will tend to improve stereo imaging and spaciousness by attenuating and delaying boundary reﬂections, thus optimizing direct sound and helping to preserve spatial information in the recording.The amount of exposed glass, drywall and bare ﬂooring in the room will increase the amount of reﬂected sound and exacerbate problems like slap echo and ringing. Conversely, furnishings like carpeting, drapes and upholstered furniture will reduce the amount of reﬂected sound in the room. The ratio of direct-to-reﬂected sound and the decay characteristics of the listening environment will have a largeinﬂuence on the ultimate sound quality of any loudspeaker system. Dedicated room treatments like absorbers, diffusers and bass traps can greatly improve the sound quality of any listening environment, and are encouraged to extract the absolute best performance from any high-end loudspeaker system.SVS recommends starting with the front loudspeakers located 30-degrees to the left and right (i.e., a 60-degree total window) of the listening position.25-30˚45Toeing-in the loudspeakers 5-10 degrees can often improve imaging, however this is also a function of the distance from nearby boundaries and the ratio of direct-to-reﬂected sound, so experimentation with toe-in is recommended to obtain optimal results.The location of the front loudspeakers relative to nearby boundaries will excite various room modes (a complex pattern of standing waves with associated peaks and nulls), which will affect the bass response of the loudspeakers. Generally, placing the loudspeakers closer to room boundaries (particularly corners) will increase the bass response. Conversely, moving the loudspeakers away from boundaries and corners will reduce the bass response. Due to the complex interaction of the loudspeakers with nearby boundaries/corners and your listening position, signiﬁcant changes to the bass response can occur with very small changes in either loudspeaker location or listening position, so experimentation with both placement and listening position is recommended to obtain optimal results.Center Channel PlacementThe center channel should be placed directly on-axis, relative to the primary seating position. As with the main front speakers, placing the tweeter at/near head level when seated is optimal. But depending on the placement of the video display or projection screen, this is not always possible.If the center channel must be located below head level, then an upward tilt of the speaker is recommended to improve mid/high frequency response and dialogue intelligibility.Note: When purchased as a matching surround package, the versatile PrimeSatellite functions as all channels of the system, including the center channel.Prime Center Prime SatelliteSurround SpeakersIn a 5-channel system, the side surround speakers should be located 90-110 degrees off-axis. For the best sense of spaciousness, the tweeter height should be about 2 feet above ear level.In a 7.1 system, dedicated rear surround speakers are placed behind the primary seating position for enhanced rear panning effects.Place the rear surround speakers at 135-150 degrees off-axis, relative to the primary seating position. As with the side surround speakers, position the rear surround tweeters about 2 feet above head level when seated.9.1 and 11.1 SystemsThe recent development of 9 and 11 channel surround sound processors brings Wide and Height ‘presence’ channels into the system to even further enhance sound stage spaciousness and immersion.Since native Blu-ray formats are currently only available in 7.1, the use of Wide or Height speakers requires the use of an upconverting algorithm in the surround sound processor - like Audyssey DSX, DTS Neo:X and Dolby ProLogic IIz. 625-30˚90-110˚135-150˚7Wide Speaker ChannelsThe wide speaker channels are intended to be placed between the main front speakers and the side surround speakers. The goal of the wide speaker is to minimize any gaps in panning and imaging between the front main speakers and the side surround speakers and provide an additional sense of envelop-ment.The optimal location for the wide speakers is about 60 degrees off-axis, relative to the primary seating position. Audyssey recommends that the wide speakers be placed at head level when seated.Height Speaker ChannelsThe height speaker channels should be placed in the upper left/right corners of the front stage. Typically this will be 40-45 degrees off-axis and about 8 feet in height. A downward tilt of the speaker will improve mid/high frequency response and reduce ceiling bounce reﬂections.The height speakers enhance imaging in the vertical plane, and can even be used to create sound effects which seem to come from directly above the listening position, which provides total immersion into the surround sound experience.The mounted height of your surround speakers is important to consider when locating the optimal position for you Prime Satellites. For the best sense of spaciousness, we recom-mend that the tweeter height of your speaker should be about 24-36 inches above ear level at the listening position.Please contact our Sound Experts ifyou have any questions or concernsabout wall mounting your PrimeSatellite.***********************•(877)626-5623SPEAKER MOUNTING8Wall-Mounting Your Prime SatellitesEach Prime Satellite comes from the factory ready to be wall-mounted. The pre-installed keyhole bracket makes hanging your Prime Satellite a simple and convenient process. Simply attach a screw to your wall at the desired mounting location, and insert the keyhole bracket of the speaker over the head of the screw until the speaker rests securely in place. Before hanging, be sure to attach a set of the included rubber bumpers to each lower back corner of the Prime Satellite. These will help keep the speaker level, and prevent spinning on the wall.When attaching the screw to your wall, it is best to attach it directly into a structural part of the wall, like a stud. If mounting directly to a stud is not a viable option, using drywall or masonry anchors rated to support weights of 10 pounds or more willbe sufﬁcient.9Connecting Your SpeakersAll Prime Speakers include terminals with convenient gold-plated 5-way binding posts, which will accept wires terminated with banana plugs, speaker pins, spade connectors and of course, bare wire. Simply attach each Prime Speaker to the appropriate amp channel of your receiver/power ampliﬁer.To assure proper performance of your speakers, always be sure to maintain proper polarity between the speaker and the ampliﬁer.SPEAKER CONNECTIONYour Prime Speakers may be gently cleaned as follows:• Use a dry microﬁber duster to remove any loose surface dust.• Use a water-damp microﬁber cloth to remove ﬁngerprints, smudges and other contaminants. Wipe in one direction only.• Follow any damp cleaning immediately with a dry microﬁber cloth. Again dry wipe in one direction only.5-YEAR UNCONDITIONAL WARRANTYSVS offers the industry's most comprehensive warranty on all our products. SVS warrants these Prime Speakers and all of its products to be free from defects in the workmanship for 5 years from date of purchase.This, and all of the SVS customer Bill of Rights can be viewed online at /bill-of-rights.At SVS, we strive to deliver products that surpass every expectation and provide unbeatable value. After you have had an opportunity to install and audition your Prime Speakers, please share your comments for our team and other customers to see.Write a review at Post at /SVSoundTweet @SVS_Sound1011PRIME TOWERFrequency Response and Electro-Acoustic Data:• Rated bandwidth: 30 Hz-25 kHz (+/-3 dB).• Nominal impedance: 8 ohms.• Sensitivity: 87 dB (2.83V @ 1 meter full-space, 300-3kHz).• Recommended ampliﬁer power: 20-250 watts.Loudspeaker Physical Description:• Black ash and piano gloss black ﬁnish options.• 5-way binding posts.• Dual 1.7” wide-ﬂared rear-ﬁring ports.• Cloth grille with pin/cup retention system.• Cabinet Dimensions: 36" (H) X 8" (W) X 10.8" (D).• Overall Dimensions: 36.6" (H) X 8" (W) X 11.6" (D) (includes grille, feet and binding posts).• Weight Unboxed: 40.1 pounds.Driver Array and Technical Highlights:• 1" tweeter features FEA-optimized diffuser and aluminum dome.• 4.5" midrange driver features polypropylene cone, aluminum shorting ring, cast ABS-ﬁberglass composite basket and vented voice coil former.• Dual 6.5" woofers feature long stroke motor and suspension, polypropylene cone, aluminum shorting ring, cast ABS-ﬁberglass composite basket and vented voice coil former.SoundMatch Crossover Network:• 3.5-way crossover with premium-grade capacitors, air-core inductors and heavy-trace printed circuit boards.• Tapered woofer array optimizes the transition to the midrange driver and reduces vertical axis lobing.• Midrange-to-tweeter crossover: 2.1 kHz (12 dB/octave slopes).• Top woofer (Combined Woofer) to midrange crossover frequency: 350 Hz (12 dB/octave slopes).• Bottom woofer low pass frequency: 165 Hz (customized ﬁlter Q and slope).Cabinet Construction Technical Highlights:• Separate sealed midrange enclosure shifts standing waves beyond the driver pass band, improving sound quality.• Separate woofer enclosures with optimized port tuning frequencies for smooth and accurate bass response.• Acoustically transparent and FEA optimized grilles minimize diffraction.• Chamfered front bafﬂe and ﬂush-mounted drivers reduce edge diffraction and improved on-axis high frequency response.• FEA-optimized cabinet and bracing eliminates resonances.ALL SPECIFICATIONS ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE. SVS IS CONSTANTLY WORKING TO IMPROVE OUR PRODUCTS AND GIVE YOU, THE CUSTOMER, THE BEST LISTENING EXPERIENCE FROM YOUR PURCHASE.PRIME BOOKSHELFFrequency Response and Electro-Acoustic Data:• Rated bandwidth: 48 Hz-25 kHz (+/-3 dB).• Nominal impedance: 8 ohms.• Sensitivity: 87 dB (2.83V @ 1 meter full-space, 300-3kHz).• Recommended ampliﬁer power: 20-150 watts.Loudspeaker Physical Description:• Black ash and piano gloss black ﬁnish options.• 5-way binding posts.• 1.7” wide-ﬂared rear-ﬁring port.• Cloth grille with pin/cup retention system.• Elastomer stick-on bumper feet (adds 3mm to height).• Cabinet Dimensions: 13.2" (H) X 8" (W) X 9.4" (D).• Overall Dimensions: 13.3" (H) X 8" (W) X 10.3" (D) (includes grille, binding posts and bumper feet).• Weight Unboxed: 15.5 pounds.Driver Array and Technical Highlights:• 1" tweeter features FEA-optimized diffuser and aluminum dome.• 6.5" woofer features long stroke motor and suspension, polypropylene cone, aluminum shorting ring, cast ABS-ﬁberglass composite basket and vented voice coil former. SoundMatch Crossover Network:• 2-way crossover with premium-grade capacitors, air-core inductors and heavy-trace printed circuit boards.• Crossover network delivers outstanding phase coherency and time domain behavior.• Tweeter-to-woofer crossover: 2.3 kHz (12 dB/octave slopes).Cabinet Construction Technical Highlights:• Acoustically transparent and FEA optimized grilles minimize diffraction.• Chamfered front bafﬂe and ﬂush-mounted drivers reduce edge diffraction and improved on-axis high frequency response.• FEA-optimized cabinet and bracing eliminates resonances.12PRIME CENTERFrequency Response and Electro-Acoustic Data:• Rated bandwidth: 48 Hz-25 kHz (+/-3 dB).• Nominal impedance: 8 ohms.• Sensitivity: 86 dB (2.83V @ 1 meter full-space, 300-3kHz).• Recommended ampliﬁer power: 20-200 watts.Loudspeaker Physical Description:• Black ash and piano gloss black ﬁnish options.• 5-way binding posts.• Dual 1” wide-ﬂared rear-ﬁring ports.• Cloth grille with pin/cup retention system.• Elastomer stick-on bumper feet (adds 3mm to height).• Cabinet Dimensions: 7.6" (H) X 18.6" (W) X 8.3" (D).• Overall Dimensions: 7.7" (H) X 18.6" (W) X 9.2" (D) (includes grille, binding posts and bumper feet).• Weight Unboxed: 20.2 pounds.Driver Array and Technical Highlights:• Vertically aligned tweeter and midrange reduces lobing and comb ﬁltering along the horizontal axis.• 1" tweeter features FEA-optimized diffuser and aluminum dome.• 3.5" midrange driver features polypropylene cone, aluminum shorting ring, castABS-ﬁberglass composite basket and vented voice coil former.• Dual 5.25" woofers feature long stroke motor and suspension, polypropylene cone, aluminum shorting ring, cast ABS-ﬁberglass composite basket and vented voice coil former. SoundMatch Crossover Network:• 3-way crossover with premium-grade capacitors, air-core inductors and heavy-trace printed circuit boards.• Midrange-to-tweeter crossover: 2.4 kHz (12 dB/octave slopes).• Woofer-to-midrange crossover: 350 Hz (12 dB/octave slopes).Cabinet Construction Technical Highlights:• Separate sealed midrange enclosure shifts standing waves beyond the driver pass band, improving sound quality.• Acoustically transparent and FEA optimized grilles minimize diffraction.• Chamfered front bafﬂe and ﬂush-mounted drivers reduce edge diffraction and improved on-axis high frequency response.• FEA-optimized cabinet and bracing eliminates resonances.13PRIME SATELLITEFrequency Response and Electro-Acoustic Data:• Rated bandwidth: 69 Hz-25 kHz (+/-3 dB).• Nominal impedance: 8 ohms.• Sensitivity: 85 dB (2.83V @ 1 meter full-space, 300-3kHz).• Recommended ampliﬁer power: 20-150 watts.Loudspeaker Physical Description:• Black ash and piano gloss black ﬁnish options.• 5-way binding posts.• 1” wide-ﬂared rear-ﬁring port.• Cloth grille with pin/cup retention system.• Elastomer stick-on bumper feet (adds 3mm to height).• Keyway bracket for easy and convenient wall mounting (includes extra bumper pads for wall stand-off).• Cabinet Dimensions: 8.75" (H) X 4.9" (W) X 5.53" (D).• Overall Dimensions: 8.85" (H) X 4.9" (W) X 6.3" (D) (includes grille, bracket, binding posts and bumper feet).• Weight Unboxed: 6.5 pounds.Driver Array and Technical Highlights:• 1" tweeter features FEA-optimized diffuser and aluminum dome.• 4.5" woofer features polypropylene cone, aluminum shorting ring, cast ABS-ﬁberglass composite basket and vented voice coil former.SoundMatch Crossover Network:• 2-way crossover with premium-grade capacitors, air-core inductors and heavy-trace printed circuit boards.• Crossover network delivers outstanding phase coherency and time domain behavior.• Tweeter-to-woofer crossover: 2.3 kHz (12 dB/octave slopes).Cabinet Construction Technical Highlights:• Acoustically transparent and FEA optimized grilles minimize diffraction.• Chamfered front bafﬂe and ﬂush-mounted drivers reduce edge diffraction and improved on-axis high frequency response.• FEA-optimized cabinet and bracing eliminates resonances.14................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ 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碳排放峰值英语作文

碳排放峰值英语作文英文回答：Carbon emissions have become a growing concern for the global community. Countries around the world have pledged to reduce their carbon emissions in order to mitigate the effects of climate change. One key target is to achieve carbon neutrality, which means that a country's net carbon emissions are equal to zero. To achieve carbon neutrality, countries need to implement a variety of measures,including reducing their reliance on fossil fuels,investing in renewable energy, and improving energy efficiency.The carbon emissions peak is the point at which a country's carbon emissions reach their highest level. After the carbon emissions peak, a country's emissions should begin to decline. The carbon emissions peak can be an important milestone in a country's transition to a low-carbon economy.There are a number of factors that can affect acountry's carbon emissions peak. These include thecountry's economic growth, its energy mix, and its population growth. In general, countries with high economic growth and a reliance on fossil fuels are more likely to have a high carbon emissions peak.Reaching a carbon emissions peak is a significant challenge. It requires a long-term commitment to reducing carbon emissions. However, it is an essential step in the fight against climate change. Countries that are able to achieve carbon neutrality will be better equipped to adapt to the effects of climate change and to create a more sustainable future.中文回答：碳排放峰值是碳排放量达到的最高点。

抗击气候变化英语作文高中

Climate change is one of the most pressing issues facing our planet today. It poses a significant threat to the environment, ecosystems, and human societies. As high school students, it is our responsibility to understand the causes and effects of climate change and to take action to combat it.Firstly, we must recognize the main causes of climate change. The primary driver is the emission of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide, which trap heat in the Earths atmosphere. These emissions come from various sources, including burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial processes.Secondly, we must be aware of the effects of climate change. Rising global temperatures lead to melting polar ice caps, rising sea levels, and more frequent and severe weather events such as hurricanes, floods, and droughts. These changes disrupt ecosystems, threaten biodiversity, and can have devastating impacts on agriculture, water resources, and human health.To combat climate change, we can take several actions:1. Reduce Energy Consumption: By conserving energy at home and school, we can lower our carbon footprint. This includes turning off lights and electronics when not in use, using energyefficient appliances, and reducing water waste.2. Support Renewable Energy: Encouraging the use of solar, wind, and hydroelectric power can help reduce our reliance on fossil fuels. We can advocate for schools and communities to invest in renewable energy sources.3. Promote Sustainable Practices: Supporting local agriculture, reducing waste through recycling and composting, and using public transportation or carpooling can all contribute to a greener lifestyle.4. Educate and Raise Awareness: As students, we can educate ourselves and others about the importance of climate change mitigation. This can be done through school projects, community presentations, and social media campaigns.5. Advocate for Policy Change: Engaging with local and national politicians to push for stronger climate policies is crucial. We can write letters, join protests, and vote for candidates who prioritize environmental issues.6. Plant Trees and Support Reforestation: Trees absorb carbon dioxide and provide oxygen. Participating in tree planting initiatives or supporting organizations that work onreforestation can help combat climate change.7. Adopt a PlantBased Diet: The meat industry is a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. Reducing or eliminating meat consumption can have a positive impact on the environment.In conclusion, combating climate change is a collective effort that requires the participation of everyone, including high school students. By understanding the science behind climate change and taking practical steps to reduce our impact, we can contribute to a healthier and more sustainable future for our planet.。

限电碳排放英文作文

限电碳排放英文作文Limiting carbon emissions is crucial for the health of our planet. It's time for us to take action and reduce our carbon footprint.The transportation sector is a major contributor to carbon emissions. We need to invest in publictransportation and electric vehicles to decrease ourreliance on fossil fuels.The industrial sector also plays a significant role in carbon emissions. Implementing stricter regulations and promoting sustainable practices can help reduce the environmental impact of manufacturing processes.Renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, offer a sustainable alternative to traditional fossil fuels. It's important for governments and businesses to invest in these technologies to transition towards a low-carbon economy.Individuals can also make a difference by adopting energy-efficient habits, such as using LED light bulbs and reducing energy consumption at home. Small changes can add up to make a big impact.Carbon offsetting programs provide a way for individuals and businesses to compensate for their carbon emissions by investing in environmental projects. This can help mitigate the impact of unavoidable emissions.Educating the public about the importance of carbon emissions reduction is essential. By raising awareness and promoting sustainable practices, we can work towards a cleaner and healthier planet for future generations.。

SPEARS 中国版《塑料管手册》说明书

© Copyright 2012 Spears® Manufacturing Company. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America.
Table of Contents
General Information .........................................................................................................1 Purpose of this Manual..................................................................................................1 Spears® PVC & CPVC Materials ..................................................................................1
Physical Properties of PVC & CPVC Pipe......................................................................2 Dimensions & Pressure Ratings.....................................................................................3
SPEARS® PLASTIC PIPE HANDBOOK
Plastic Pipe

二氧化碳致裂器激发药剂爆炸性分类的研究

Vol. 50 No. 3Jun. 2021第50卷第3期2021年6月爆破器材Explosive Materialsdoi ；10.3969/j. issn. 1001-8352.2021.03.004二氧化碳致裂器激发药剂爆炸性分类的研究**收稿日期:2020-09-24第一作者:徐敏潇（1982 - ），男，讲师，博士，主要研究方向为爆炸防控技术及火炸药技术。

E-mail :xuminxiao@ 163. com徐敏潇①尹光春②①江苏警官学院警务指挥与战术系（江苏南京,210031）②南京公安局巡特警支队（江苏南京,210017）［摘要］作为一种非炸药类爆破工具，二氧化碳致裂器在生产、运输和使用过程中的安全性一直是爆破行业和公安管理部门关注的焦点。

以二氧化碳致裂器中发热管装的药剂为研究对象，通过隔板试验、克南试验和时间/压力试验等对含高氯酸钾、草酸铵、水杨酸配方的发热管药剂性质开展研究。

研究结果表明:按照联合国关于危险货物分级程序，该种常见的二氧化碳致裂器发热管药剂可以定性为爆炸性物质;但该药剂足够钝感，可不划为爆炸品。

［关键词］二氧化碳致裂器;激发药剂;爆炸性物质;爆炸品［分类号］TQ560. 7 ；TD235.2Classification of Explosive Properties of Simulants Used in Carbon Dioxide SplitterXU Minxiao ①, YIN Guangchun ②①Command and Tactic Department , Jiangsu Ploic-e Institute ( Jiangsu Nanjing, 210031)②Patrol Detachment of Nanjing Public Security Bureau ( Jiangsu Nanjing, 210017)[ABSTRACT ] Carbon dioxide splitter is a non-explosive blasting tool. The safety of carbon dioxide splitter in pro duction ,transportation and application has always been the focus of the blasting industry and the public security adminis tration. Simulants in the heating tube of carbon dioxide splitter was used as the research object. Chemical properties of thechemical formulations containing potassium perchlorate , ammonium oxalate and salicylic acid were studied by means of baf fle test, Koenen test and time-pressure test. The results show that the formulations of this simulant common used in theheating tube of carbon dioxide splitter can be classified as explosive substances, according to the classification procedure fordangerous goods of United Nations, but it is insensitive enough not to be classified an explosive.[KEYWORDS ] carbon dioxide splitter; stimulant; explosive substance; explosives引言液态二氧化碳爆破技术最早由美、英等国开发［1］，早期用于管道清堵和大型储罐管壁清理;20 世纪中期以来，广泛应用于英、美等国家的煤矿爆破。

工厂排放大量的废气作文英语

工厂排放大量的废气作文英语英文回答：Factory emissions of large amounts of waste gas have become a serious environmental issue in recent years. The release of harmful pollutants into the air not only affects the quality of the air we breathe, but also contributes to global warming and other environmental problems.One example of this is the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) from factories that burn fossil fuels for energy. This greenhouse gas is a major contributor to climate change, leading to rising global temperatures and more frequent and severe weather events. In addition, factories often release other pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter, which can have negative impacts on human health and the environment.Another issue is the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from industrial processes, which can reactwith other pollutants in the atmosphere to form harmful secondary pollutants such as ground-level ozone. This can lead to respiratory problems, especially for vulnerable populations such as children, the elderly, and people with pre-existing health conditions.In order to address this problem, it is important for factories to implement pollution control measures such as installing scrubbers and filters to remove harmfulpollutants from their emissions. Additionally, switching to cleaner energy sources such as renewable energy and improving energy efficiency can help reduce the amount of waste gas released into the atmosphere.Overall, it is crucial for factories to take responsibility for their emissions and work towardsreducing their environmental impact. By implementing sustainable practices and investing in cleaner technologies, we can protect the environment and create a healthierfuture for generations to come.中文回答：工厂排放大量废气已经成为近年来严重的环境问题。