%BA%A7语言C++程序设计(第一版)-第十一章
智慧树知到《智圆行方的世界中国传统文化概论》2019章节测试答案
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2017一年级语文下册一、二类生字及扩词(新苏教版)
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公共英语一级-57 (1)
鍏叡鑻辫涓€绾?57(鎬诲垎锛?3.00锛屽仛棰樻椂闂达細90鍒嗛挓)涓€銆亄{B}}绗竴閮ㄥ垎鍚姏鐞嗚В{{/B}}(鎬婚鏁帮細2锛屽垎鏁帮細10.00){{B}}绗竴鑺?鍥剧墖鍒ゆ柇{{/B}}鍦ㄦ湰鑺備腑锛屼綘灏嗗惉鍒?0涓彞瀛愶紝姣忓彞璇濋厤鏈塠A]銆乕B]銆乕C]涓夊箙鍥剧墖锛岃閫夋嫨涓庡彞瀛愬唴瀹圭浉绗﹀悎鐨勪竴骞呭浘鐗囷紝骞舵爣鍦ㄨ瘯鍗风殑鐩稿簲浣嶇疆銆傛瘡鍙ヨ瘽鍚庢湁15绉掗挓鐨勫仠椤匡紝浠ヤ究閫夋嫨鍥剧墖骞剁湅涓嬩竴缁勫浘鐗囥€傛瘡鍙ヨ瘽璇讳袱閬嶃€?BR> 涓嬮潰锛岃鍚繖浜涘彞瀛愩€?BR>{{B}}绗竴鑺?鍥剧墖鍒ゆ柇{{/B}}鍦ㄦ湰鑺備腑锛屼綘灏嗗惉鍒?0涓彞瀛愶紝姣忓彞璇濋厤鏈塠A]銆乕B]銆乕C]涓夊箙鍥剧墖锛岃閫夋嫨涓庡彞瀛愬唴瀹圭浉绗﹀悎鐨勪竴骞呭浘鐗囷紝骞舵爣鍦ㄨ瘯鍗风殑鐩稿簲浣嶇疆銆傛瘡鍙ヨ瘽鍚庢湁15绉掗挓鐨勫仠椤匡紝浠ヤ究閫夋嫨鍥剧墖骞剁湅涓嬩竴缁勫浘鐗囥€傛瘡鍙ヨ瘽璇讳袱閬嶃€?BR> 涓嬮潰锛岃鍚繖浜涘彞瀛愩€?BR>锛堝垎鏁帮細5.00锛?/div>(1).锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.B.C. 鈭?/span>瑙f瀽锛歔鍚姏鍘熸枃] I visited America last year.(2).锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A. 鈭?/span>B.C.瑙f瀽锛歔鍚姏鍘熸枃] The train is coming.(3).锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A. 鈭?/span>B.C.瑙f瀽锛歔鍚姏鍘熸枃] Put on your coot. It is very cold outside.(4).锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A. 鈭?/span>B.C.瑙f瀽锛歔鍚姏鍘熸枃] He is waiting for the No. 4 bus.(5).锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.B. 鈭?/span>C.瑙f瀽锛歔鍚姏鍘熸枃] Lucy is drinking water.锛堝垎鏁帮細5.00锛?/div>(1).锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.B.C. 鈭?/span>瑙f瀽锛歔鍚姏鍘熸枃] She always remembers to give food to her dog on time.(2).锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A. 鈭?/span>B.C.瑙f瀽锛歔鍚姏鍘熸枃] The cat is on the box.(3).锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.B. 鈭?/span>C.瑙f瀽锛歔鍚姏鍘熸枃] The shirt is on the next counter on your left.(4).锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A. 鈭?/span>B.C.瑙f瀽锛歔鍚姏鍘熸枃] The pencil is on the book.(5).锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.B.C. 鈭?/span>瑙f瀽锛歔鍚姏鍘熸枃] The nurse is examining his back.浜屻€亄{B}}绗簩鑺?瀵硅瘽鐞嗚В{{/B}}(鎬婚鏁帮細3锛屽垎鏁帮細15.00)鍦ㄦ湰鑺備腑锛屼綘灏嗗惉鍒?5涓璇濓紝姣忎釜瀵硅瘽鏈変竴涓棶棰樸€傝浠嶽A]銆乕B]銆乕C]涓変釜閫夐」涓€夊嚭绛旀锛屽苟鏍囧湪璇曞嵎鐨勭浉搴斾綅缃€傛瘡娈靛璇濆悗鏈?5绉掗挓鐨勫仠椤匡紝浠ヤ究鍥炵瓟闂鍜岄槄璇讳笅涓€闂鍙婂叾閫夐」銆傛瘡娈靛璇濊涓ら亶銆?BR> 涓嬮潰锛岃鍚繖浜涘璇濄€?BR>鍦ㄦ湰鑺備腑锛屼綘灏嗗惉鍒?5涓璇濓紝姣忎釜瀵硅瘽鏈変竴涓棶棰樸€傝浠嶽A]銆乕B]銆乕C]涓変釜閫夐」涓€夊嚭绛旀锛屽苟鏍囧湪璇曞嵎鐨勭浉搴斾綅缃€傛瘡娈靛璇濆悗鏈?5绉掗挓鐨勫仠椤匡紝浠ヤ究鍥炵瓟闂鍜岄槄璇讳笅涓€闂鍙婂叾閫夐」銆傛瘡娈靛璇濊涓ら亶銆?BR> 涓嬮潰锛岃鍚繖浜涘璇濄€?BR>锛堝垎鏁帮細5.00锛?/div>(1).Who is ill in hospital?锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.[A]Mary.B.[B]Mary's mother.鈭?/span>C.[C]Mary's father.瑙f瀽锛歔鍚姏鍘熸枃] M: Excuse me, can I speak to Mary? F: Sorry, she isn't in. She has gone to the hospital with her father because her mother is ill in the hospital.(2).What did the man NOT drink?锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.[A]Coffee.B.[B]Beer.C.[C]Tea.鈭?/span>瑙f瀽锛歔鍚姏鍘熸枃] F: Would you like something to drink? M: Coffee and beer, please. (3).What will happen? [A]The man will pick the woman up at 8 o'clock. [B]There will be a party at 8 o'clock. [C]There will be a meeting at 8 o'clock.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.B. 鈭?/span>C.瑙f瀽锛歔鍚姏鍘熸枃] F: Uh... When does the party start? M: Come any time after eight,all right?(4).Is the brown horse stronger than the white one?锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.[A]No, it isn't.鈭?/span>B.[B]Yes, it is.C.[C]It's not clear.瑙f瀽锛歔鍚姏鍘熸枃] M: I think the white horse is stronger than the brown one. F: Yes, I think se, too.(5).What did Goege do to the lady?锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.[A]Borrowed her book.鈭?/span>B.[B]Bought her a book.C.[C]Lent her a book.瑙f瀽锛歔鍚姏鍘熸枃] F: George, have you brought my book? M: Yes, here you are. Thank you.锛堝垎鏁帮細5.00锛?/div>(1).When are they going to meet?锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.[A]At 6:40.B.[B]At 7:20.鈭?/span>C.[C]At 7:00.瑙f瀽锛歔鍚姏鍘熸枃] M: Linda, shall I meet you at 7:00 at the park? F: Let's make it 20 minutes later.(2).How does the man usually come to school?锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.[A]By bus.B.[B]On foot.C.[C]By bike.鈭?/span>瑙f瀽锛歔鍚姏鍘熸枃] F: How do you usually come to school, by bus? M: No, I usually come to school by bike.(3).Why can't the man lend his bike?锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.[A]No, I don't want it.B.[B]His hike is not here.鈭?/span>C.[C]I want to lend it to you.瑙f瀽锛歔鍚姏鍘熸枃] F: Can I borrow your bike? M: Mine is at home, but I can borrow one for you.(4).What does the man mean?锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.[A]He has a good idea.B.[B]He does not know what to do.鈭?/span>C.[C]He does not know what to say.瑙f瀽锛歔鍚姏鍘熸枃] F: What shall we do now? M: Sony. I have no idea.(5).Where is Dick's uncle?锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.[A]Maybe he is in the classroom.B.[B]Maybe he is in his office.C.[C]Maybe he is in a hospital.鈭?/span>瑙f瀽锛歔鍚姏鍘熸枃] F: Where are you going, Dick? M: I'm going to see my uncle. He is badly ill.锛堝垎鏁帮細5.00锛?/div>(1).How soon will the sports meeting begin?锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.[A]In two hours.B.[B]In eight hours.C.[C]In one hour.鈭?/span>瑙f瀽锛歔鍚姏鍘熸枃] M: Is the sports meeting going to start at eight, Susan? F: Yes, Jack. It is already seven now.(2).Who will the man meet at nine o'clock?锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.[A]Mr. Green.鈭?/span>B.[B]Mrs. Green.C.[C]His sister.瑙f瀽锛歔鍚姏鍘熸枃] F: Can you come and see me at nine o'clock? M: I'm afraid not. I'll be meeting Mr. Green at that time.(3).Where are they talking?锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.[A]On the first floor.鈭?/span>B.[B]On the second floor.C.[C]On the third floor.瑙f瀽锛歔鍚姏鍘熸枃] M: Excuse me. Where's the manager's office, please? F: Er. Upstairs on the second floor, first door on the left.(4).Why hasn't their mother bought the tickets?锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.[A]She has no time to buy them.鈭?/span>B.[B]The ticket is expensive.C.[C]She has no money.瑙f瀽锛歔鍚姏鍘熸枃] M: Has mother bought the tickets for us yet? F: No, she hasn't. She was too busy.(5).What did the man drink?锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.[A]Tea.鈭?/span>B.[B]Coffee.C.[C]Water.瑙f瀽锛歔鍚姏鍘熸枃] F: What would you like, tea or coffee? M: Tea, please.涓夈€亄{B}}绗簩閮ㄥ垎鑻辫鐭ヨ瘑杩愮敤{{/B}}(鎬婚鏁帮細15锛屽垎鏁帮細15.00)1.Xiao Zhang ______ in that factory for five years.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.[A]is workingB.[B]worksC.[C]has worked鈭?/span>瑙f瀽锛歔瑙f瀽] for鍚庨潰鍔犳椂闂存鏄幇鍦ㄥ畬鎴愭椂鐨勬爣蹇楋紝甯哥敤鏉ュ紩瀵肩幇鍦ㄥ畬鎴愭椂銆?/div>2.The nurse looked after the patient carefully ______ he recovered quickly.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.[A]in caseB.[B]as soon asC.[C]so that鈭?/span>瑙f瀽锛歔瑙f瀽] 鏈彞鎰忎负锛氶偅涓姢澹緢璁ょ湡鍦扮収椤剧梾浜猴紝鍥犳浠栨仮澶嶅緱寰堝揩銆俰n case鐨勬剰鎬濇槸鈥滀互闃诧紝涓囦竴鈥濓紱as soon as鐨勬剰鎬濇槸鈥滀竴鈥﹀氨鈥︹€濓紱鏄剧劧杩欎袱椤逛笉绗﹀悎棰樻剰銆俿o that鍦ㄥ彞瀛愪腑锛屼笉鍔犻€楀彿鐨勬椂鍊欙紝寮曞鐨勬槸缁撴灉鐘惰浠庡彞锛涘姞閫楀彿鐨勬椂鍊欙紝寮曞鐨勬槸鐩殑鐘惰浠庡彞銆傛牴鎹彞鎰忥紝鍙煡鏈彞涓虹粨鏋滅姸璇粠鍙ャ€?/div>3.Is that your ______ ?锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.[A]a bikeB.[B]bike鈭?/span>C.[C]bikes瑙f瀽锛歔瑙f瀽] 杩欐槸涓€鑸枒闂彞锛屽叾璋撹鏄痠s锛屾墍浠ュ叾瀹捐搴斾负鍗曟暟銆?/div>4.He drives much ______ than he did three years ago.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.[A]more carefully鈭?/span>B.[B]carefullyC.[C]more careful瑙f瀽锛歔瑙f瀽] 鍙ヤ腑鏈塼han锛屽彲鐭ユ鍙ヤ腑鎵€娑夊強鐨勬槸姣旇緝绾х殑鐭ヨ瘑锛岄鍏堝彲浠ユ帓闄锛涘悓鏃舵湰鍙ヤ腑鐨勮皳璇槸瀹炰箟鍔ㄨ瘝锛屽簲璇ョ敤鍓瘝鏉ヤ慨楗般€?/div>5.______ he is running!锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.[A]What quicklyB.[B]How quickC.[C]How quickly鈭?/span>瑙f瀽锛歔瑙f瀽] 瀵逛簬鎰熷徆鍙ュ瀷鏉ヨ锛宧ow鍚庨潰鍔犲舰瀹硅瘝鎴栬€呭壇璇嶏紱what鍚庨潰鍔犲悕璇嶏紝鎺掗櫎A銆傚張鍥犱负run涓哄姩璇嶏紝淇グ鍔ㄨ瘝鐨勫簲璇ヤ负鍓瘝銆?/div> 6.One of my ______ came to see me on Sunday morning.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.[A]classmateB.[B]classmates鈭?/span>C.[C]the classmates瑙f瀽锛歔瑙f瀽] 鏈彞鎰忎负鈥滄垜鐨勪竴涓悓鐝悓瀛﹀湪鏄熸湡澶╃殑鏃╂櫒鏉ョ湅鎴戜簡鈥濄€傝繖閲岄潰鏈夊浐瀹氳瘝缁勨€渙ne+of+澶嶆暟鍚嶈瘝鈥濄€?/div>7.Many books and newspapers in the world are written ______ English language.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.[A]inB.[B]in the鈭?/span>C.[C]with瑙f瀽锛歔瑙f瀽] 鐢ㄢ€﹁瑷€鏃剁敤鈥渋n+璇█鈥濓紝鍙堝洜涓鸿繖鍙ヨ瘽鐗规寚鐨勬槸鑻辫銆?/div>8.鈥擧appy birthday to you!鈥?______ .锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.[A]The same to youB.[B]Thank you very much鈭?/span>C.[C]OK瑙f瀽锛歔瑙f瀽] 瀵规柟绁濅綘鐢熸棩蹇箰锛屽簲璇ヨ〃绀烘劅璋€?/div>9.We decided not to climb the mountain because it was raining ______ .锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.[A]hardlyB.[B]stronglyC.[C]heavily鈭?/span>瑙f瀽锛歔瑙f瀽] 鏈彞鎰忎负鈥滃洜涓洪洦涓嬪緱澶ぇ锛屾墍浠ユ垜浠笉鑳界埇灞变簡鈥濓紝褰㈠闆ㄤ笅寰楀ぇ锛屽父鐢╤eavily鏉ヤ慨楗般€?/div>10.I was listening to the music ______ there was a knock at the door.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.[A]when鈭?/span>B.[B]whileC.[C]because瑙f瀽锛歔瑙f瀽] 鏈彞鎰忎负鈥滃綋鏁查棬澹板搷璧风殑鏃跺€欙紝鎴戞鍦ㄥ惉闊充箰鈥濓紝鏄椂闂寸姸璇粠鍙ャ€倃hile鐨勭敤娉曟槸鈥滃綋鈥︽鍦ㄥ彂鐢熺殑鏃跺€欙紝鏌愪汉(鏌愮墿)鍦ㄥ仛浠€涔堚€濄€俠ecause寮曞鍘熷洜鐘惰浠庡彞锛屼笉绗﹂鎰忋€?/div>11.He gave orders that the prisoners ______ free.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.[A]are setB.[B]were setC.[C]be set鈭?/span>瑙f瀽锛歔瑙f瀽] 瀵逛簬澶嶅悎鍙ユ潵璇达紝濡傛灉涓诲彞涓惈鏈塷rder, suggest, advice绛夎瘝鏃讹紝浠庡彞甯哥敤铏氭嫙璇皵(should)+be(do)鐨勭粨鏋勶紝鍏朵腑should鍙互鐪佺暐銆?/div> 12.Two and a half months ______ too long, I think.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.[A]areB.[B]is鈭?/span>C.[C]will be瑙f瀽锛歔瑙f瀽] 褰揳nd杩炴帴涓や釜鏁拌瘝鐨勬椂鍊欙紝鍏惰皳璇伒寰氨杩戝師鍒欍€?/div> 13.There ______ many apples on the table.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.[A]are鈭?/span>B.[B]isC.[C]have瑙f瀽锛歔瑙f瀽] There+be鏄竴绉嶅緢鍏稿瀷鐨勫€掕缁撴瀯锛屾湰鍙ヤ腑鐪熸鐨勪富璇槸many apples锛屾墍浠ュ叾璋撹搴旇涓哄鏁般€?/div>14.Mrs. Jones ______ in this school since she came to the city.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.[A]workedB.[B]has worked鈭?/span>C.[C]works瑙f瀽锛歔瑙f瀽] since, for绛夎瘝鏄幇鍦ㄥ畬鎴愭椂鐨勬爣蹇椼€?/div>15.My brother asked me ______ shopping with him.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.[A]goB.[B]goingC.[C]to go鈭?/span>瑙f瀽锛歔瑙f瀽] 鏈彞鎰忎负鈥滄垜鍝ュ摜璁╂垜鍜屼粬涓€璧峰幓鍟嗗簵鈥濄€俛sk sb. to do sth.鏄浐瀹氳瘝缁勩€?/div>鍥涖€亄{B}}绗簩鑺?瀹屽瀷濉┖{{/B}}(鎬婚鏁帮細1锛屽垎鏁帮細10.00)闃呰涓嬮潰鐭枃锛屼粠鐭枃鍚庢墍缁欑殑[A]銆乕B]銆乕C]涓変釜閫夐」涓€夊嚭鑳藉~鍏ョ浉搴旂┖鐧藉鐨勬渶浣抽€夐」銆?BR>The American expression" burning your bridges' means acting in such a way which you de stroy any chance of turning back or changing your actions. It gets its name from war. An army that is forced back across a river may decide to burn the bridge{{U}} 41 {{/U}}crossing it. In this way, the army{{U}} 42 {{/U}}its enemy from using the bridge.{{U}} 43 {{/U}}, the army also destroys its own chance to{{U}} 44 {{/U}}back across the river. Most people who" burn their bridges today don't{{U}} 45 {{/U}}the army. But{{U}} 46 {{/U}}those armies, they move in a different direction with{{U}} 47 {{/U}}chance of turning back. There is one other{{U}} 48 {{/U}}that all bridge burners should not forget. It is a warning. "Don't cross yourbridges{{U}} 49 {{/U}}you come to them. "The meaning is clear: wait until the right time before you{{U}} 50 {{/U}}.锛堝垎鏁帮細10.00锛?/div>A.[A]beforeB.[B]after鈭?/span>C.[C]while瑙f瀽锛歔瑙f瀽] 鏈枃鏄burning your bridges杩欎釜璇嶈鐨勬晠浜嬨€傚畠鏉ユ簮浜庢垬浜夛紝涓€涓啗闃熻繃瀹屼竴搴фˉ鍚庯紝鐑ф帀浜嗚繖搴фˉ锛岃繖鏍峰彲浠ラ樆姝㈡晫浜虹敤杩欏骇妗ワ紝鎸′綇浠栦滑鐨勬潵璺紝鍚屾椂涔熸瘉鎺変簡鑷繁鍥炲幓鐨勮矾銆傜敤涓浗鐨勮瘽鏉ヨ锛屽嵆鈥滅疆姝诲湴鑰屽悗鐢熲€濄€?/div>A.[A]prevents鈭?/span>B.[B]avoidsC.[C]separates瑙f瀽锛歔瑙f瀽] prevent sb. from doing sth. 鏄浐瀹氳瘝缁勶紝鎰忔€濇槸鈥滈樆姝㈡煇浜哄仛鏌愪簨鈥濄€?/div>A.[A]InsteadB.[B]However鈭?/span>C.[C]Therefore瑙f瀽锛歔瑙f瀽] 鏈彞鎰忎负鈥滀粬浠樆鏂簡鏁屼汉鐨勬潵璺紝鐒惰€岃繖鏍峰仛涔熼樆鏂簡鑷繁鐨勯€€璺€濓紝寰堟槑鏄撅紝杩欓噷闇€瑕佸叿鏈夎浆鎶樻剰涔夌殑杩炶瘝銆?/div>A.[A]go鈭?/span>B.[B]returnC.[C]take瑙f瀽锛歔瑙f瀽] go back鏄€滃洖鍘烩€濈殑鎰忔€濓紱return, take涓嶈兘鍜宐ack杩炵敤銆?/div>A.[A]joinB.[B]belong to鈭?/span>C.[C]leave瑙f瀽锛歔瑙f瀽] 鏈彞鎰忎负鈥滀粖澶╅偅浜涘ぇ閮ㄥ垎鐨勨€樿嚧姝诲湴鑰屽悗鐢熲€欑殑浜哄苟涓嶅畬鍏ㄥ睘浜庡啗闃熲€濄€?/div>A.[A]unlikeB.[B]like鈭?/span>C.[C]similar瑙f瀽锛歔瑙f瀽] like, be similar to鐨勬剰鎬濇槸鈥滃儚鈥︼紝涓庘€︾浉浼尖€濄€?/div>A.[A]no鈭?/span>B.[B]anyC.[C]not瑙f瀽锛歔瑙f瀽] 鏈彞鎰忎负鈥滀絾鏄繕鍍忔垬浜夋椂鏈熶竴鏍凤紝閭d簺鈥樼疆姝诲湴鑰屽悗鐢熲€欑殑浜轰粛鐒舵槸涓嶇粰鑷繁鐣欎换浣曞悗閫€鐨勬満浼氱殑鈥濄€?/div>A.[A]expression鈭?/span>B.[B]lessonC.[C]word瑙f瀽锛歔瑙f瀽] 鏈彞鎰忎负鈥滆繖閲岄潰杩樻湁鍙︿竴绉嶆€濇兂鍜屾剰涔夆€濄€?/div>A.[A]afterB.[B]until鈭?/span>C.[C]when瑙f瀽锛歔瑙f瀽] 鏈彞鎰忎负鈥滅洿鍒颁綘璧板悜瀹冧滑鐨勬椂鍊欙紝浣犳墠鑳介€氳繃妗モ€濄€?/div>A.[A]leave鈭?/span>B.[B]comeC.[C]go瑙f瀽锛歔瑙f瀽] 鏈彞鎰忎负鈥滃湪浣犵寮€涔嬪墠锛岃绛夊埌鏈€濂界殑鏈轰細鈥濄€?/div>浜斻€亄{B}}绗笁閮ㄥ垎闃呰鐞嗚В{{/B}}(鎬婚鏁帮細4锛屽垎鏁帮細20.00){{B}}绗竴鑺?璇嶈閰嶄紞{{/B}}浠庝笂鏍忔墍缁欓€夐」涓€夊嚭涓庝笅鏍忓悇椤规剰涔夌浉绗︾殑閫夐」銆?BR>[A]twice[B]winter[C]fish[D]sleep[E]cool[F]uncle[G]talk锛堝垎鏁帮細5.00锛?/div>(1).go to bed锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>濉┖椤?:__________________ 锛堟纭瓟妗堬細D锛?/div>瑙f瀽锛歔瑙f瀽] 鏍规嵁鍙ユ剰鈥滀笂搴婄潯瑙夆€濓紝鍗硈leep銆?/div>(2).say something with another person锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>濉┖椤?:__________________ 锛堟纭瓟妗堬細G锛?/div>瑙f瀽锛歔瑙f瀽] 鏍规嵁鍙ユ剰鈥滃悓鍙﹀涓€浜涗汉璇翠簺浠€涔堚€濓紝鍗硉alk銆?/div> (3).father's brother锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>濉┖椤?:__________________ 锛堟纭瓟妗堬細F锛?/div>瑙f瀽锛歔瑙f瀽] 鏍规嵁鍙ユ剰鈥滅埗浜茬殑寮熷紵鈥濓紝鍗硊ncle銆?/div>(4).two times锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>濉┖椤?:__________________ 锛堟纭瓟妗堬細A锛?/div>瑙f瀽锛歔瑙f瀽] 鏍规嵁鍙ユ剰鈥滀袱娆♀€濓紝鍗硉wice銆?/div>(5).the last season of a year锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>濉┖椤?:__________________ 锛堟纭瓟妗堬細B锛?/div>瑙f瀽锛歔瑙f瀽] 鏍规嵁鍙ユ剰鈥滀竴骞翠腑鐨勬渶鍚庝竴涓鑺傗€濓紝鍗硍inter銆?/div> {{B}}绗簩鑺?鐭枃鐞嗚В 1{{/B}}闃呰涓嬮潰鐭枃锛屼粠[A](Right)銆乕B](Wrong)銆乕C](Doesn't Say)涓変釜鍒ゆ柇涓€夋嫨涓€涓纭€夐」銆?BR>Children's stories such as" Little Red Riding Hood" and "The Three Little Pigs" have depicted wolves. as frightening animals. In reality, these animals are social, nurturing creatures. They often spend the better part of their day playing with and tending to their young.There are two recognized species of wolves: the gray wolf and the red wolf. The grey wolf, is the largest member of the wolf family.The grey wolf had one of the widest distributions of all mammals on the planet. It once roamed North America, Europe, and Asia, but years of persecution have reduced its numbers significantly, especially in Europe.In Alaska, the northwest territories, and the former Soviet Union, the grey wolf has a thriving population. In the Northwest United States, however, the grey wolf is almost extinct, with a population of perhaps 30. Farther south in the United States the grey has disappeared completely. In Mexico, researchers estimated that fewer than 10 greys survive.The grey wolf became extinct in England about 1486; it disappeared from Scotland in 1743 and from Ireland in 1770.锛堝垎鏁帮細5.00锛?/div>(1).People knew the nature of wolf very well.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.[A]Right.B.[B]Wrong.鈭?/span>C.[C]Doesn't say.瑙f瀽锛歔瑙f瀽] 鏂囦腑绗竴娈靛彲浠ョ湅鍑猴紝浜虹被骞舵病鏈夊緢濂藉湴璁よ瘑鐙硷紝涓€鐩存妸瀹冨綋鍋氫竴绉嶅緢鍑剁嫚鐨勫姩鐗╋紝瀹為檯涓婂畠浠篃鍜屼汉绫讳竴鏍锋湁鐖卞績銆傚彲鐭ユ湰鍙ョ殑璇存硶鏄笉姝g‘鐨勩€?/div>(2).Once grey wolf could be found in many parts of the earth.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.[A]Right.鈭?/span>B.[B]Wrong.C.[C]Doesn't say.瑙f瀽锛歔瑙f瀽] 浠庢湰鏂囩殑绗簩銆佺涓夋鍙互鐭ラ亾杩欑鐏拌壊鐨勭嫾鏄嫾绫讳腑鏁伴噺鏈€澶氱殑涓€绫伙紝瀹冨箍娉涘瓨鍦ㄤ簬鍖楃編銆佹娲插拰浜氭床绛夊湴锛屾墍浠ュ彞涓殑璇存硶鏄纭殑銆?/div>(3).We can find more and more grey wolf in Alaska.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.[A]Right.鈭?/span>B.[B]Wrong.C.[C]Doesn't say.瑙f瀽锛歔瑙f瀽] 浠庢枃涓鍥涙鐨勭涓€鍙ヨ瘽鍙煡姝ゅ彞璇濈殑璇存硶鏄纭殑銆?/div>(4).There are less grey wolf in Europe than in the United States.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.[A]Right.B.[B]Wrong.C.[C]Doesn't say.鈭?/span>瑙f瀽锛歔瑙f瀽] 杩欑瘒鏂囩珷骞舵病鏈夎鍦ㄦ娲插拰缇庢床鍝釜鍦版柟鐏扮嫾鏇村銆?/div>(5).Grey wolves take good care of the young.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.[A]Right.鈭?/span>B.[B]Wrong.C.[C]Doesn't say.瑙f瀽锛歔瑙f瀽] 浠庢枃涓涓€娈靛彲浠ョ煡閬擄紝鐙肩粡甯歌姳澶ч儴鍒嗙殑鏃堕棿鍜屽畠浠殑瀛╁瓙鍦ㄤ竴璧枫€?/div>{{B}}绗笁鑺?鐭枃鐞嗚В 2{{/B}}闃呰涓嬪垪鐭枃锛屼粠[A]銆乕B]銆乕C]涓変釜閫夐」涓€夋嫨鈥斾釜姝g‘绛旀銆?BR> Betty is a fourth-year student. She is good at jumping. The school sports meeting will be held on May 4th and she entered(鎶ュ悕鐧昏)her name for the high jump and the long jump. But two days later she fell from a ladder and hurt her right foot. Her parents sent her to the nearest hospital. The first word she asked the doctor was, "Can I jump in seven days, doctor? I don't like to miss our school sports meeting. "Without a word, the doctor looked her over carefully and said, "Don't worry. It's not badly hurt, your foot will be much better by the end of April. On May 4th you are able to run and jump at sports. "锛堝垎鏁帮細5.00锛?/div>(1).Betty is ______ .锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.[A]in Grade Four鈭?/span>B.[B]a four year studentC.[C]Grade Four瑙f瀽锛歔瑙f瀽] 鐢辨湰鏂囩殑绗竴鍙ヨ瘽鍙煡銆?/div>(2).She entered her name for the high jump and the long jump because she ______ .锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.[A]does well in jumping鈭?/span>B.[B]likes sportsC.[C]runs fast瑙f瀽锛歔瑙f瀽] she is good at jumping.鐨勬剰鎬濇槸鈥滃ス闈炲父鎿呴暱浜庤烦楂樺拰璺宠繙鈥濄€俠e good at鍜宒o well in閮芥槸鈥滄搮闀库€︹€濈殑鎰忔€濄€?/div>(3).Her parents took her to the doctor because ______ . [A]their ladder was broken [B]the hospital was near their home [C]something was wrong with Betty's foot锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.B.C. 鈭?/span>瑙f瀽锛歔瑙f瀽] 鏂囦腑璇粹€滀袱澶╁悗锛屽ス浠庢瀛愪笂鎽斾笅锛屼激浜嗗ス鐨勫彸鑴氣€濄€?/div>(4).The doctor said that ______ . [A]her foot was badly hurt [B]the wound(浼?in her foot was not serious [C]She'd better stay in bed锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.B. 鈭?/span>C.瑙f瀽锛歔瑙f瀽] 鏂囦腑鏈夊彞璇滵on't worry. It's not badly hurt銆?/div>(5).Which is not true?锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>[A]Betty would get better soon.B.[B]She likes sports.C.[C]She won the first place.鈭?/span>瑙f瀽锛歔瑙f瀽] 鏂囦腑鍙槸璇村ス鐨勮吙鍙椾激锛屽苟娌℃湁鏄剧ず濂规槸鍚﹁耽寰椾簡姣旇禌銆?/div>One day Nasreddin bought a donkey(椹?in the market, but while he was taking it home, two thieves followed him. One of them took the rope from the donkey's neck and tied(鎹?it round his friend's neck. Then he went away with the donkey.When Nasreddin got home, he turned and saw the young man. He was very surprised. "Where is my donkey?" he said angrily."I'm very sorry, "said the thief. "Once I said some very bad things to my mother and she changed me into a donkey. Now because a good man has bought me, she changed me back to a man again. Thank you. " Nasreddin untied the man and said, "Go. And never say, bad things to your mother again. "The next day, Nasreddin saw the same donkey in the market again. The other thief was selling it.Nasreddin went to it and said into its ear, "Young man, some people will never learn. "锛堝垎鏁帮細5.00锛?/div>(1).Nasreddin was surprised because he ______ . [A]knew the young man was a thief [B]saw his donkey was gone [C]saw a young man behind him instead of his donkey锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.B.C. 鈭?/span>瑙f瀽锛歔瑙f瀽] Nasreddin鐪嬪埌鑷繁鍚庨潰鐨勯┐鍙樻垚浜嗕竴涓汉锛屾墍浠ユ劅鍒板緢鎯婂銆?/div>(2).Where was his donkey?锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.[A]It had gone home.B.[B]It had been sold.C.[C]It had been stolen.鈭?/span>瑙f瀽锛歔瑙f瀽] 鏍规嵁绗竴娈电殑鎰忔€濆彲鐭ワ紝椹磋璐煎伔鍥炲浜嗐€?/div>(3).How did the young man treat his mother?锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.[A]Badly.B.[B]With care.[C]We don't know.鈭?/span>瑙f瀽锛歔瑙f瀽] 杩欎釜骞磋交浜烘€庢牱瀵瑰緟浠栫殑姣嶄翰锛屾湰鏂囧苟娌℃湁娑夊強銆?/div>(4).In the last sentence, "some people" means ______ .锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.[A]some personB.[B]the thief who was tied鈭?/span>C.[C]the other thief瑙f瀽锛歔瑙f瀽] 鏈彞鎰忎负鈥滃勾杞讳汉锛屼竴浜涗汉姘歌繙涓嶄細瀛︿範锛屼笉浼氬惛鍙栨暀璁€濄€傛槸Nasreddin鐩镐俊浜嗚醇鍓嶄竴澶╄鐨勮瘽锛屼互涓轰粬鍙堝彉鎴愪簡椹达紝鎵€浠ヨ浠栦笉鍚稿彇鏁欒銆?/div>(5).From this passage we can see that Nasreddin was ______ .锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.[A]really a fool鈭?/span>B.[B]a farmerC.[C]kind and clever瑙f瀽锛歔瑙f瀽] 浠庡叏鏂囨潵鐪嬶紝涓讳汉鍏叾瀹炲苟涓嶈仾鏄庯紝浠栧苟涓嶇煡閬撻偅浜烘槸璐硷紝骞剁浉淇′簡浠栫殑璋庤█锛屾妸浠栨斁浜嗭紝鐢辨鍙煡浠栧緢锠€?/div>鍏€亄{B}}绗洓閮ㄥ垎鍐欎綔{{/B}}(鎬婚鏁帮細4锛屽垎鏁帮細13.00)16.Judy arrived in Boston and wrote to her parents at once. Judy wrote to her parents 1 she arrived in Boston.锛堝垎鏁帮細2.00锛?/div>濉┖椤?:__________________ 锛堟纭瓟妗堬細as soon as锛?/div>瑙f瀽锛歔瑙f瀽] 鏈彞鎰忎负鈥淛udy涓€鍒版尝澹】锛屽氨缁欏ス鐨勭埗姣嶄翰鍐欎俊鈥濓紝and寮曞鐨勬槸涓や釜鍚屾椂杩涜鐨勫姩浣溿€傚彲鐢╝s soon as鍙栦唬锛屽彧鏄痑s soon as寮曞鐨勬槸鏃堕棿鐘惰浠庡彞锛屽悗闈㈠簲璇ュ姞涓婁富璇€?/div>17.Listen to the teacher carefully and you will soon understand. 1 the teacher carefully, you will soon understand.锛堝垎鏁帮細2.00锛?/div>濉┖椤?:__________________ 锛堟纭瓟妗堬細If you listen to锛?/div>瑙f瀽锛歔瑙f瀽] 鏈彞鎰忎负鈥滆鐪熷惉鑰佸笀鐨勮锛屼綘寰堝揩灏变細鏄庣櫧鐨勨€濄€傚墠鍗婂彞鏄悗鍗婂彞鐨勬潯浠躲€傚彲鐢╥f杞崲鎴愭潯浠剁姸璇粠鍙ャ€?/div>18.We didn't go to Shanghai. We went to Hangzhou. We went to Hangzhou 1 . Shanghai,锛堝垎鏁帮細2.00锛?/div>濉┖椤?:__________________ 锛堟纭瓟妗堬細instead of锛?/div>瑙f瀽锛歔瑙f瀽] 鏈彞鎰忎负鈥滄垜浠病鏈夊幓涓婃捣锛屽幓浜嗘澀宸炩€濓紝in-stead of鐨勬剰鎬濇槸鈥滃彇浠o紝浠f浛鈥濄€?/div>19.浣犵殑鏈嬪弸Peter鏉ュ寳浜窡浣犱竴璧峰害鏆戝亣锛屼綇鍦ㄤ綘(Li Ming)瀹躲€?浠诲姟锛?璇蜂綘缁欎粬鐖舵瘝鍐欏皝鐭俊锛屽憡璇変粬浠細路Peter宸茬粡瀹夊叏鍒拌揪锛屼綘鍘绘満鍦烘帴浠栵紱路Peter鍠滄涓浗椋熷搧锛?路浣犱滑宸茬粡鍙傝浜嗗ぉ瀹夐棬鍜岄暱鍩庯紱路涓嬪懆鍘昏タ瀹夊弬瑙傦紝灏嗕細鐜╁緱寰堝揩娲伙紱路甯屾湜浠栦滑鏈夋満浼氭潵涓浗銆?Dear Mr. and Mrs.Smith, How are you? Yours, Li Ming锛堝垎鏁帮細7.00锛?/div>__________________________________________________________________________________________ 姝g‘绛旀锛?)瑙f瀽锛歔鑼冩枃] Dear Mr. and Mrs. Smith. How are you? I'm glad to tell you that Peter has already arrived safely. I met him at the airport and took him back home. Peter likes the Chinese food very much. We have been to Tian' anmen Square and the Great wall. We are going to Xi' an next week. We are sure we'll have a good time. I hope you Will have the chance to come to China锛? Yours, Li Ming。
五年级语文下册生字表组词、释义2
五年级语文下册生字表组词、释义2浜斿勾绾ц?鐐癸細缂洪櫡銆傛帀杩涳紝鍧犲叆锛屾矇涓嬶細闄疯惤銆傞櫡娌°€傞櫡浜庛х伨鍙樸€傦級锛屽啿閿嬮櫡闃碉紙闄凤細鏀荤牬锛屾繁鍏ャ€備笉椤句竴鍒囷紝鏀诲叆鏁屼汉闄堝湴銆傚舰瀹逛綔鎴樺媷鐚涖€傦級锛岄櫡鍏ュ兊灞€锛堟寚鐗э細鐗у笀锛屾斁鍏荤壊鍙o細鐗хс€傜墽鍦恒€傛斁鐗с€傛父鐗с€傜墽姘戙€傜墽姝屻€傜墽缇ゃ€傚崄缇婁節鐗э紙鍗佸ご缇婂€掔敤涔濅釜浜烘斁鐗с€傛瘮鍠诲畼澶氭皯灏戯紝璧嬬◣鍓ュ墛寰堥噸銆備篃姣斿柣浣夸护涓嶄竴锛屾棤鎵€閫備粠銆傦級锛屼笉鐗т箣鍦帮紙鐗э細鏀剧?钃戯細钃戠縼锛?.绌胯搼琛g殑鑰佷汉銆傛寚娓旂縼銆傦級锛岀敤鑽夋垨妫曟瘺鍋氭垚鐨勯槻闆ㄥ櫒锛氳搼琛c€傝搼绗犮€傜儫钃戦洦绗狅紙鈶犳寚钃戣。
鎴栭殣鑰呬紭娓歌嚜閫傜殑鐢熸椿銆傦級锛岀豢钃戦潚绗狅紙缁胯崏缂栫殑钃戣。
锛岄潚绔圭紪鐨勬枟绗犮€傚舰瀹规笖缈佺殑鎵撴壆銆傦級с€佹暟閲忎紬澶氭垨姘斿娍鐩涘ぇ銆傦級锛屼竴鎵嬮伄澶╋紙呫€傦級锛?閱夛細鐢ㄩ厭娉″埗鐨勶細閱夋灒銆傞唹铏俱€傞唹锜广€傛矇杩凤紝杩囧垎鐖卞ソ锛氶唹蹇冦€傛矇閱夈€傞櫠閱夛紙寰堟弧鎰忓湴娌夋蹈朵笉浣忋€傚舰瀹瑰ぇ閱夌殑鏍峰瓙銆傦級濯氾細璋勶紝閫㈣繋锛氬獨澶栥€傚獨涓栵紙杩庡悎涓栦織锛夈€傚獨鐪笺€Ι濯氥€傚▏濯氥€傜櫨濯氬崈濞囷紙銆栬В閲娿€楀獨銆佸▏锛氱編濂姐€傚舰瀹瑰コ瀛愬Э鎬佺編濂姐€傦級锛屾槬鍏夋槑濯氾紙鏄庡獨嬪獨澶栵瑧鎬併€傦級閿勶細閿勫ご銆傞搧閿勶紝寮勬澗鍦熷湴鍙婇櫎鑽夛細閿勮崏銆傞攧鍦般€傞摬闄わ細閿勫ジ銆傞攧寮烘壎寮憋紙閾查櫎寮烘毚锛屾壎鍔╁急鑰呫€傦級鍓ワ細b膩o鍓ョ毊銆傚墺鑺辩敓銆俠艒鍓ョ毊銆傚墺鑺辩敓銆傜敓鍚炴椿鍓ワф娊涓濓紙鍓ワ細紙鍍忓潗鍦ㄦ彃鐫€閽堢殑姣″瓙涓娿€傚舰瀹瑰績绁炰笉瀹氾紝鍧愮珛涓嶅畨銆傦級級锛屽嵏纾ㄦ潃椹达紙纾ㄥ畬涓滆タ鍚庯紝鎶婃媺纾ㄧ殑椹村嵏涓嬫潵鏉€鎺夈€傛瘮鍠绘妸鏇剧粡涓鸿嚜宸卞嚭杩囧姏鐨勪汉涓€鑴氳涪寮€銆傦級鍜€锛氬拃鍤硷紙a.缁嗗毤锛沚.€鍤硷紙鎸囪€愪汉瀵诲懗锛?鍤硷細鍤煎瓙ju茅zi锛堟í鍕掑湪鐗插彛鍢撮噷鐨勫皬閾侀摼,扮怀涓?浠ヤ究椹鹃┉锛夛紝鍤煎毤ju茅ju茅锛堜竴鍐嶅湴鍤间竴娈垫椂闂达級锛屽毤ji谩o;屽毤鑸屾牴锛,婕狅細婕犵劧锛氬喎娣″湴瀵瑰緟,ф棤浜哄畾灞咃紝缂烘按骞茬嚗鐨勬矙鐭冲湴甯︼細娌欐紶銆傛紶鍖椼€傜┖鏃凤細骞挎紶銆冿紙涓嶆斁鍦ㄥ績涓?绮楁灊澶у彾锛夈鍐锋贰鍦版妸瀹冩悂鍦ㄤ竴杈广€傛寚瀵逛汉鎴栦簨鎬佸害鍐锋贰锛屾斁鍦ㄤ竴杈逛笉鐞嗐€傦級瀵烇細瀵傞潤锛屾竻闈欙細瀵傚癁銆傚癁瀵炪€傚癁鐒躲€傝惤瀵炪€傚喎瀵弬涓庢煇浠朵簨鎯呫€傦級?( hu谩ng mi谩n 菐o z 菒) 瑙c€€閲??鍑恒€€澶?瀹嬨兓缃楀ぇ缁忋紑'榛勭坏琚勫瓙鍑虹煟銆?鈥?鐢?娉?浣?哄ぉ瀛愩€傚悗姣斿柣鍙戝姩鏀垮彉鑾峰緱鎴愬姛銆傦級锛屽壊椤诲純琚嶏紙?鍌伙細鍌诲瓙銆傚偦鐡溿€傚偦姘斻€傚偦骞层€傜姱鍌汇€傚偦鍔插効銆傚。
人教版六年级语文上册日积月累及词语汇总(第二单元)
人教版六年级语文上册日积月累及词语汇总(第二单元)
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曞厓锛?
鏉板嚭鏂藉伐闃绘尃鎺у埗杞板姩
鑹板法姣呯劧閾插钩鍕夊姳鎭跺姡娉ユ祮宀旈亾
鐪熸寶閬垮厤鏈﹁儳鍑勫噳寮曠敤寮虹儓灞呭焊鍏?
鎯逛汉璁ョ瑧瀵濅笉瀹夊腑
鎬濇疆璧蜂紡?
鍕樻祴璋冭妭娌夐椃鍒嗕韩鎶氬吇
鍒氬姴棰嗙暐澶嶈嫃鍏堥┍杩锋亱瑁呯偣鎯婂徆
纰х┖濡傛礂娉㈡稕璧蜂紡姘磋惤鐭冲嚭鐧炬姌涓嶅洖
鏃ョН鏈堢疮
?锛堝懆鎭╂潵锛?
?锛堥倱灏忓钩锛?
湁鐪熻繘姝ャ€傦紙椴佽繀锛?
?閲戯級
瑙i噴锛?
1949骞?鏈堝懆鎭╂潵鍦ㄣ€婂叧浜庡拰骞宠皥鍒ら棶棰樼
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智慧树知到《中国传统文化与生态文明》章节测试答案
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2017七年级上册语文古诗词整理
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2018苏教版九年级语文下册词语盘点(第一单元)
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人教版五年级上册语文《古诗词三首》教案
人教版五年级上册语文《古诗词三首》教案?1.?2.浣撲細璇椾汉鍊熶笉鍚屾櫙鐗╂姃鍙戞儏鎬€鐨勫啓娉?3..1.浜嗚В鐜嬪畨鐭崇殑鐢熷钩.2.浜嗚В瀹嬫湞璇椾汉寮犵睄銆佹竻鏈濈撼鍏版€у痉.?(鍑虹ず鍦板浘锛屾爣鏄庘€滅摐娲测€濃€滀含鍙b€濈殑澶х暐浣嶇疆.) 1.?a锛庘€滄贝姘存祦锛屾硹姘存祦锛屾祦鍒扮摐娲插彜闀囧ご.鈥濊繖棣栦紶鍞变簡鍗冨勾鐨勬瓕璋e悜鎴戜滑浠嬬粛鐨勬槸鐡滄床.鐡滄床浣嶄簬姹熻嫃鐪佹.宸濇祦涓嶆伅鐨勯暱姹熸按瑙佽瘉浜嗙摐娲茬殑鍏磋“锛岀摐娲叉浘缁忔槸鈥滄睙鍖楅噸闀囥€佸崈骞村彜娓♀€?b.楀彞锛氱帇鏄岄緞鐨勨€滄礇闃充翰鍙嬪(if-浠跺睍绀鸿瘲鍙?)杩樻湁涓€棣栧箍涓轰紶璇电殑灏辨槸鈥曗€曠帇瀹夌煶鐨勩€婃硦鑸圭摐娲层€?2.?3.?鍏堝幓璇讳竴璇诲惂.鏁翠綋鎰熺煡.1.瀛︾敓鐢ㄨ嚜宸卞枩娆㈢殑鏂瑰紡璇诲彜璇?2.鎸囧悕璇伙紝姝e瓧闊?灏ゅ叾娉ㄦ剰鈥滀竴姘撮棿銆佹暟閲嶅北銆佺収鎴戣繕鈥?3.ョ殑鎰忔€?浣犱細鏈夋€庢牱鐨勬劅鍙楀憿?4.鎸囧悕浜ゆ祦.(鐨勬劅鎯?)5.浣犳渶娆h祻璇椾腑鐨勫摢涓€鍙ュ憿?璧忔瀽璇楀彞.1.(璇句欢鍑虹ず鈥滄槬椋庡張缁挎睙鍗楀哺锛屾槑鏈堜綍鏃剁収鎴戣繕鈥?)鎴戜滑涓€璧锋潵璇讳竴璇诲惂.(鐢熼綈璇?)2.?(鎸囧悕绛?)3..閭e氨鍜屼綘鐨勫悓妗屽啀浜掔浉璇讳竴璇伙紝璇翠竴璇达細鍦ㄤ綘鐨勫ご鑴戜腑鍑虹幇浜嗘€庢牱鐨勪竴娲炬櫙鑹插憿??4.?5..6.?鐨勫ご鑴戜腑鍑虹幇杩欎箞澶氫笉鍚岀殑鐢婚潰锛屾枃瀛楃殑榄呭姏鐪熸槸鏃犳硶鎯宠薄.7.閭e氨鐢ㄦ湕璇绘妸鎰熷彈琛ㄨ揪鍑烘潵鍚?灏忕粍鍐呯粌璇伙紝鎸囧悕璇? 8..绉嶁€滅豢鈥濊壊鍛?姪鐨?9.鎸囧悕绛?(鍦ㄦ睙宀镐袱杈瑰ぇ闈㈢Н鍑虹幇鐨勬槸鑽夊湴銆佹爲鏈ㄣ€侀潚灞扁€︹€?1鈼???( )鐨勫皬鑽? )( )鐨勬爲鏋? )楂樺北.(瀛︾敓鍙h堪) 11.璇椾汉姝ゆ椂姝i亣鏃╂槬鏃惰妭锛岀珯鍦ㄥ皬鑸逛笂涓剧洰鍥涚満锛屾弧?12.ヤ簡鍚??13.鎸囧悕绛?(鍚勪笉鐩稿悓锛涒€滅豢鈥濊繕鍐欏嚭浜嗘槬澶╂櫙鐗╃殑鍙樺寲鈥︹€?14!鍚?鐢峰コ鐢熻禌璇?15.灏忓皬鐨勨€滅豢鈥濆瓧鍗存湁澶уぇ鐨勬枃绔??16.?(鎸囧悕绛?)17.?鈥滀笘涓婃棤闅句簨锛屽彧鎬曟湁蹇冧汉.鈥?18.?閭e氨璁.鍝佽瘎璇楀彞.鍗囧崕鎯呮劅1.杩囨浮锛氳繖涔堢編鐨勭豢锛岃繖涔堣糠浜虹殑椋庡厜锛岃皝涓嶆兂澶氱湅涓ょ溂?璋佷笉鎯崇暀鎭嬪叾涓?繕涔庢墍浠ヤ簡鍚?(鎸囧悕绛?)2.??滄硦鑸圭摐娲测€濆拰璇楀彞鈥滈挓灞卞彧闅旀暟閲嶅北鈥濈瓑澶勭悊瑙?3.浣犺兘鍦ㄥ湴鍥句笂鎵惧埌瀹冨ぇ姒傜殑浣嶇疆鍚??4.瀛︾敓涓婂彴鎸囨槑.(鑰佸笀鐐瑰嚮璇句欢锛屾樉绀衡€滈挓灞扁€濈殑浣嶇疆.)湪閭i噷闀垮ぇ鐨勶紝瀵归挓灞卞嵆鐜板湪鐨勫崡浜?鏈夌潃娣卞帤鐨勬劅鎯咃紝.5.?6.滀綍鏃剁収鎴戣繕鈥濊繖浜涜瘝鍙ョ悊瑙?(鎸囧悕绛?)7.劅鎯?鍥炲綊鏁翠綋.娣卞寲浣撻獙1..鈥濇紓娉婂湪澶栫殑娓!璁?鎴戜滑涓€璧峰啀鏉ユ湁鎰熸儏鍦版湕璇昏繖棣栬瘲.2..3..床鏃舵墍鍐?28旂殑鎷呭咖.?鍗冨ご涓囩华娑屼笂蹇冨ご?涔愯皟鎯?1.?2.鍚?.鏁呬埂鐨勪簯鎬绘槸閭f牱鐨勭櫧锛屾晠涔$殑浜烘€绘槸鏃犳瘮鐨勪翰!鐜嬪畨鐭冲€熸槬椋庨棶鏄庢湀锛屼綍鏃舵墠鑳借崳褰掓晠閲?閭d箞锛屽畫鏈濊瘲浜哄紶绫嶃€佹竻鏈濈殑绾冲叞鎬у痉鍙堟槸濡備綍琛ㄨ揪鑳镐腑婊℃孩鐨勬儏鎬€鍛?璇诲叆鎯?1.氾紝鐪嬬湅娉ㄩ噴鎴栧€熷姪瀛楀吀鏌ヤ笉鎳傜殑璇?2.?(娉ㄦ剰璇诲噯鈥滄剰涓囬噸鈥濃€滆亽鈥?)3.?(鎸囧悕绛?)4.杩欑浉鍚岀殑涓や釜鈥滄€濃€濊〃杈句簡璇椾汉鎬庢牱鐨勬劅鎯呭憿?鍜屼?5.?浠婚€変竴棣栬.(鎸囨暟鍚嶇瓟.)鍝佹偀鎯?1.?.2.鎸囧悕绛?3..鈥濅粠杩欏彞璇椾腑浠€涔?4.?5..6.?(鎸囧悕绛?)7.?灏忕粍鍐呬氦娴?8.?9.鎸傚康.1鈼?.(.)11.?閭d箞锛屾竻鏈濈殑绾冲叞鎬у痉鍙堟槸濡備綍灏嗘儏宸у?浣犺兘鎰熷彈鍒板悧?12..13.??1.瀛︾敓浠婚€変竴棣栭厤涔愯儗璇?2.憿?(鎸囧悕绛?)3.?鎴戜滑涓嶅!鍥犱负璇椾腑鐨勫瓧瀛楀彞鍙ユ棤涓嶅.ヨ儗涓€鑳岃繖棣栨劅浜虹殑璇楄瘝鍚?璁扮敓瀛?1.?2.?(鎸囧悕绛?)3..4.瀛︾敓缁冨啓.。
三年级语文知识点整理:汉字的结构
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2017四年级下册语文《记金华的双龙洞》生字表组词人教版
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2018苏教版九年级语文下册词语盘点(第六单元)
2018苏教版九年级语文下册词语盘点(第六单元)2018鍗佷節閭瑰繉璁介綈鐜嬬撼璋??銆愪慨銆戦暱锛岃繖??銆愶拷i(y矛)涓姐€戝厜鑹崇編涓姐€?銆愭湞zh膩o鏈嶈。
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宫斗用文言生僻字翻译(1)
氤氲(yin yun):烟气、烟云弥漫的样子;气或光混合动荡的样子旖旎(yi ni):旌旗随风飘扬的样子,引申为柔和美丽,多用来描写景物。
柔美、婀娜多姿的样子。
也可用来比喻女子美丽。
迤逦(yi li):曲折连绵、唱歌声和鸟鸣声的悠扬圆转、斜延貌;延伸貌、缓行貌、渐次;逐渐阖(he):关闭、门扇,门板、(也作"合")全,总共冉冉(ran ran):渐进地.慢慢地.缓慢地、(毛、枝条等)柔软下垂的样子茕茕(qiong qiong):忧思的样子、孤独无依的样子笑靥(xiao yan):酒窝倦怠(juan dai):疲乏,懈怠濯濯:光明貌、明净貌、光秃貌、象声词缱绻(qian quan):牢结;不离散。
纠缠萦绕;固结不解、情意深厚。
缠绵。
形容感情深厚、弯曲,屈、特指男女恋情、韶华(shao hua):美好的时光,常指春光靡靡:指行步迟缓、柔弱,萎靡不振、风吹草偃、零落翩跹:飘逸飞舞貌、常用以形容轻盈的舞姿柔荑(rou yi):用来比喻女子柔嫩洁白的手,因借指女子的手婆娑:盘旋舞动的样子、枝叶扶疏的样子、眼泪下滴的样子灼灼(zhuo zhuo):花开鲜明的样子娆娆:柔弱姽婳(gui hua):女子体态娴静美好、诡诈、美好芸芸:形容众多纭纭:形容多而乱荏苒(ren ran):时间渐渐过去,常形容时光易逝、蹉跎,拖延时间、辗转迁徙、形容愁苦连绵不绝、柔弱袅袅(niao niao):摇曳、纤长柔美、声音婉转悠扬、烟的缭绕上升、微风吹拂泠泠(leng leng):清凉、凄清的样子盈盈(ying ying):形容清澈、形容举止、仪态美好、形容快乐神情或美好情绪、气氛等充分流露、形容动作轻盈芳华(fang hua):芳香的花;美好的年华霏霏:雨雪盛貌、泛指浓密盛多、飘洒,飞扬、纷乱貌逶迤:曲折绵延貌、曲折行进、游移徘徊貌,徐行貌、舒展自如貌、顺应自得之貌、形容歌声婉转、指隐微曲折、指曲折的情节、衰败貌翦翦:狭隘;浅薄、犹簇簇。
三国演义人名等生僻字大全(按章回顺序)
第一回生僻字樵[qiáo]殆[dài]桓[huán]锢[gù]窦[dòu]傅[fù]蕃[fán][bō][fān]涓[juān]蟠[pán]邕[yōng]蜺[ní]谞[xū]珪[guī]恽[yùn]藜[lí]兖[yǎn]赍[jī]嵩[sōng]儁[jùn]涿[zhuō]酎[zhòu]颔[hàn]髯[rán]凛[lǐn]戮[lù]镔[bīn]偃[yǎn]牒[dié]犒[kào]颍[yǐng]谯[qiáo]罔[wǎng]顒[yóng]劭[shào]槛[jiàn][kǎn](此处读第一个音)第二回生僻字洮[táo]搦[nuò]麾[huī]秽[huì]旻[mín]盱眙[xū yí]邳[pī]泗[sì] 槊[shuò]鬻[yù]枳[zhǐ](三声)鸾[luán]绶[shòu]恸[tòng]瓒[zàn] 笃[dǔ]鸩[zhèn]苌[cháng]蹇[jiǎn]隗[wěi][kuí]骠骑[piào qí]骧[xiāng]第三回生僻字鳌[áo]傕[què][jué](此处读第二个音)汜[sì]痈[yōng]社稷[shè jì]渑[miǎn][shéng](此处读第一个音)齑[jī]沽[gū]宥[yòu]擐[huàn]邙[máng]掾[yuàn]谶[chèn]玺[xǐ]篡[cuàn]掣[chè]猊[ní]贲[bì][bēn](此处读第二个音)缰[jiāng]辔[pèi]鄠[hù]第四回生僻字毖[bì]佻[tiāo]忝[tiǎn]懋[mào]绶[shòu]敕[chì]擢[zhuó]徵[zhǐ][zhēng](此处读第二个音)弑[shì]茕[qióng]撺[cuān]轸[zhěn]羸[léi]遽[jù]谯[qiáo]皋[gāo][háo]第五回生僻字骈[pián]馥[fù]伷[zhòu]兖[yǎn]瓒[zàn]旄[máo][mào](此处读第一个音)钺[yuè]俾[bǐ]歃[shà]轸[zhěn]岑[cén]帻[zé]锭[dìng]酾[shī]飐[zhǎn]偃[yǎn]煌[huáng]虞[yú]砾[lì]揖[yī]毖[bì]赀[zī]荥[xíng][yīng](此处读第一个音)邙[máng] 轘[huàn]昱[yù]咥[dié][xī]第七回生僻字谌[chén][shèn](此处读第二个音)麴[qū]搴[qiān]兜[dōu]鍪[móu]磾[dī]岐[qí]翊[yì]蒯[kuǎi]遽[jù]岘[xiàn]趱[zǎn]第八回生僻字僭[jiàn]慄[lì]荼[tú]蘼[mí]馔[zhuàn]帏幔[wéi màn]觞[shāng]袅[niǎo]第九回生僻字噬[shì]郿[méi]祀[sì]辇[niǎn]掖[yè][yē](此处读第一个音)衢[qú]黥[qíng]刖[yuè]胪[lú]椁[guǒ]盩厔[zhōu zhì]邵[shào]彧[yù]惇[dūn]瑯[láng]琊[yá]闿[kǎi]阖[hé]鄄[juàn]第十一回生僻字朐[qú][xù][chǔn](此处读第一个音)阍[hūn]炜[wěi]壕[háo]亥[hài]繇[yáo][yóu][zhòu]掎[jǐ](三声)亟[jí][qì](此处读第一个音)葺[qì]垣[yuán]第十二回生僻字晔[yè]斛[hú]祐[yòu]踅[xué]挟[xié][jiā](此处读第一个音)陂[bēi][pí][pō]旌[jīng]第十三回生僻字忒[tè][tuī](此处读第二个音)暹[xiān]嫔[pín]獭[tǎ]殄[tiǎn]馑[jǐn]瓯[ōu]骅骝[huá liú]煨[wēi]邑[yì]第十四回生僻字蒿[hāo]砀[dàng]慓[piāo]腴[yú]觐[jìn]挞[tà]觥[gōng]第十五回生僻字泾[jīng]鄣[zhāng]纮[hóng]繇[yáo][yóu][zhòu](更正为读第二个音)邸[dǐ]笮[zuó][zé](此处读第二个音)鍪[móu]阊[chāng]昕[xīn]会稽[kuài jī]蕤[ruí]第十六回生僻字胤[yìn]稚[zhì]淯[yù]韦[wéi]绶[shòu]飏[yáng]第十七回生僻字谶[chèn]垕[hòu]刈[yì]貔貅[pí xiū]第十八回生僻字钁[jué]辎[zī]啖[dàn]第十九回生僻字豨[xī]盍[hé]掎[jǐ](三声)汜[sì]眭[guì][suī](此处读第二个音)禀[bǐng]第二十回生僻字墀[chí]鈚[pī]剔[tī]辑[jí]第二十一回生僻字夤[yín]圃[pǔ]俎[zǔ]庇[bì]箸[zhù]璆[qiú]忤[wǔ]愬[sù][shuò](此处读第一个音)楫[jí]缮[shàn]臻[zhēn]饕餮[tāo tiè]匄[gài]衄[nǜ]旆[pèi]隳[huī][duò]罾[zēng]诘[jié][jí] 漯[luò][tà]搨[tà]第二十三回生僻字昃[zè]跞[lì][luò](此处读第二个音)鸷[zhì]鹗[è]蜺[ní]騕[yǎo]第二十五回生僻字馀[yú]捱[ái]赡[shàn]第二十六回生僻字獬豸[xiè zhì]剽[piāo]楮[chǔ]第二十七回生僻字荥[xíng][yīng](此处读第一个音)焙[bèi]虬[qiú]镫[dèng]第二十九回生僻字翊[yì]歆[xīn]氅[chǎng]藜[lí]缧绁[lei xie]禳[ráng]袛[dī]醮[jiào] 斫[zhuó]第三十回生僻字谮[zèn]褚[zhǔ][chǔ][zhě](此处读第二个音)楯[shǔn][dùn]眭[guì][suī](此处读第二个音)莒[jǔ]啜[chuò][chuài]跣[xiǎn]辎[zī]骸[hái]膑[bìn]馗[kuí]拈[niān]穰[ráng]鼙[pí]第三十二回生僻字髡[kūn]岑[cén]毗[pí]馑[jǐn]臻[zhēn]鹄[hú]顗[yǐ]第三十三回生僻字甄[zhēn]垢[gòu]箕[jī]珪[guī]琰[yǎn]峭[qiào]拈[niān]珩[héng] 谲[jué]楫[jí]檀[tán]廨[xiè]蠡[lǐ]第三十四回生僻字邑[yì]髀[bì]寰[huán]瑁[mào]嗔[chēn]瑚[hú]蹇[jiǎn]馔[zhuàn]单[dān][shàn][chán](此处读第二个音)禳[ráng]第三十六回生僻字忿[fèn]螟蛉[míng líng]汙[wū]缧[léi]絏[xiè]樗栎[chū lì]第三十七回生僻字缢[yì]镬[huò]嗣[sì]玷[diàn]馗[kuí]篁[huáng]藜[lí]榛[zhēn]砀[dàng]悃[kǔn]悒[yì]揲蓍[dié shī]第三十八回生僻字氅[chǎng]赧[nǎn]彝[yí]纮[hóng]翊[yì]妫[guī]幔[màn]邾[zhū]橹[lǔ]第三十九回生僻字掾[yuàn]蠫[lí]辎[zī]第四十回生僻字郗[xī]彧[yù]嗔[chēn]牝[pìn]巽[xùn]琮[cóng]悌[tì]第四十一回生僻字晔[yè]齑[jī]欷歔[xī xū]晏[yàn]趷跶[kē dá]顗[yǐ]缙[jìn]第四十二回生僻字沔[miǎn]蕲[qí]第四十三回生僻字旄[máo][mào](此处读第一个音)麾[huī]峨[é]寰[huán]翳[yì]疴[kē]尪[wāng]垓[gāi]骧[xiāng]虞[yú]稽[jī][qǐ](此处读第一个音)畯[jùn]弇[yǎn]髯[rán]芟[shān]哂[shěn]齑[jī]嗔[chēn]第四十四回生僻字鄱[pó]纮[hóng]骘[zhì]罹[lí]瞰[kàn]萃[cuì]第四十五回生僻字迤逦[yǐ lǐ]竺[zhú][dǔ](此处读第一个音)艨艟[méng chōng]旌[jīng]矴[dìng]谙[ān]帻[zé]第四十六回生僻字玠[jiè]岷[mín]溟濛[míng méng]鲵[ní]溽[rù]翳[yì]阊阖[chāng hé]阚[kàn]第四十八回生僻字缄[jiān]馥[fù]第四十九回生僻字箕[jī]轸[zhěn]纛[dào]旄[máo][mào](此处读第一个音)棹[zhào][zhuō](此处读第一个音)蕲[qí]第五十回生僻字顗[yǐ]第五十一回生僻字搠[shuò]矫[jiǎo][jiáo](此处读第二个音)第五十二回生僻字羸[léi]谡[sù]氅[chǎng]绰[chuò][chāo](此处读第二个音)第五十三回生僻字耑[duān][zhuān](此处读第二个音)搴[qiān]镝[dí]第五十四回生僻字廨[xiè]闇[àn]囷[qūn]第五十五回生僻字悒[yì]峙[zhì][shì](此处读第一个音)第五十六回生僻字繇[yáo][yóu][zhòu](此处读第一个音)第五十七回生僻字旰[gàn][hàn](此处读第一个音)酹[lèi]胤[yìn]第五十九回生僻字鹄[hú]第六十回生僻字簪[zān]寮[liáo]箧[qiè]鹪鹩[jiāo liáo]第六十一回生僻字捽[zuó]衮冕[gǔn miǎn]舄[xì]鈇[fū]贲[bì][bēn](此处读第二个音)鬯[chàng]卣[yǒu]秬[jù]彧[yù]恽[yùn]第六十二回生僻字涪[fú]雒[luò]璝[guī]第六十三回生僻字髡钳[kūn qián]羕[yàng]第六十四回生僻字蒹葭[jiān jiā]膺[yīng]辎[zī]阜[fù]衢[qú]第六十五回生僻字晙[jùn]睨[nì]宓[mì][fú](此处读第一个音)谯[qiáo]祎[yī]第六十六回生僻字渑[miǎn][shéng](此处读第一个音)隳[huī][duò](此处读第二个音)愆[qiān]濡[rú]髻[jì]郗[xī]跣[xiǎn]歆[xīn]圃[pǔ]夤[yín]第六十八回生僻字觥[gōng]骘[zhì]虬[qiú]琰[yǎn]繇[yáo][yóu][zhòu](此处读第一个音)柑[gān]齁[hōu]噀[xùn]鸠[jiū]眇[miǎo]第六十九回生僻字辂[lù]鹄[hú]亹[wěi][mén](此处读第一个音)躄[bì]觳觫[hú sù]禳[ráng]磾[dī]祚[zuò]夔[kuí]第七十回生僻字宕[dàng]赧[nǎn]藩[fān]第七十一回生僻字阆[làng]邕[yōng]馘[guó]畿[jī]膂[lǚ]谮[zèn]第七十三回生僻字殪[yì]兕[sì]忝[tiǎn]霎[shà]第七十四回生僻字榇[chèn]罾[zēng]鼙[pí]第七十五回生僻字【舟冓】【舟鹿】(读:gou lu)第七十六回生僻字沔[miǎn]倏[shū]崦[yān]揲蓍[dié shī]第七十七回生僻字醴[lǐ]殡[bìn]醮[jiào]第七十九回生僻字鄢[yān]廙[yì]茔[yíng]觞[shāng]毗[pí]第八十回生僻字谶[chèn]芟[shān]袛[dī]绥[suí]愍[mǐn]曩[nǎng]第八十一回生僻字啖[dàn]第八十二回生僻字蘸[zhàn]秭[zǐ]第八十三回生僻字猇[xiāo]恂[xún]雠[chóu]瓯[ōu]夥[huǒ]渚[zhǔ]醢[hǎi]阃[kǔn]槎[chá]枒[yā]第八十五回生僻字牂牁[zāng kē]嶲[guī][xī][juàn](此处读第三个音)第八十六回生僻字镬[huò]第八十七回生僻字廒[áo]穰[ráng]第八十九回生僻字趷[kē]纛[dào]薤[xiè]第九十一回生僻字稔[rěn]薨[hōng]谥[shì]遽[jù]殂[cú]诹[zōu]曜[yào]陟罚臧否[zhì fá zāng pǐ]雝[yōng]爨[cuàn]楙[máo]第九十三回生僻字隳[huī][duò](此处读第二个音)邽[guī]傕[què][jué](此处读第二个音)僭[jiàn]第九十四回生僻字懿[yì]第九十五回生僻字郿[méi]箕[jī]掬[jū]顒[yóng]第九十六回生僻字殛[jí]鲧[gǔn]鲂[fáng]第九十七回生僻字賨[cóng]靳[jìn]钁[jué]第九十八回生僻字第九十九回生僻字愆[qiān]馘[guó]氏[shì][zhī](此处读第二个音)殄[tiǎn]躔[chán]第一百回生僻字飐[zhǎn]第一百一回生僻字旙[fān]第一百二回生僻字鞦[qiū]第一百三回生僻字沔[miǎn]第一百四回生僻字第一百五回生僻字纡[yū]寤[wù]第一百六回生僻字甑[zèng]飏[yáng]第一百七回生僻字谧[mì]毓[yù]掾[yuàn]麴[qū]洮[táo]第一百九回生僻字髦[máo]辇[niǎn]第一百十回生僻字濦[yīn]倅[cuì][zú]佥[qiān]第一百十四回生僻字瓘[guàn]墵[tán]第一百十五回生僻字郤[xì]顗[yǐ]豸[zhì]第一百十六回生僻字悌[tì]闿[kǎi]愀[qiǎo]寔[shí]第一百十八回生僻字璩[qú]谌[chén]瓒[zàn]恂[xún]第一百十九回生僻字槛[jiàn][kǎn](此处读第一个音)覈[hé]蠹[dù]筮[shì]蓍[shī]祜[hù]紞[dǎn]沅[yuán]劬[qú]。
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11.1 仿真系统程序的总体设计265第十一章 用C++语言设计面向对象程序 由于C++语言支持抽象数据类型、类的继承机制以及以虚函数为代表的多态性,使得C++语言成为面向对象程序设计(OOP)的有力工具,虽然我们已经在各章(特别是第七章以后)分别介绍了其各种功能和机制的编程技术,但仍然不足以清楚地展示一个完整的面向对象程序设计和实现的总体过程。
本章拟通过自顶向下地介绍电梯仿真系统的用C++语言描述的OOP程序,向读者展示初步的面向对象的编程方法,并从中体现OOP的风格和特征。
面对一个实际问题,面向对象编程的过程一般分为三个阶段,即面向对象分析(OOA),面向对象设计(OOD)和面向对象实现(OOI)。
前两个阶段与语言无关。
OOA阶段的任务是从问题陈述中把直接问题领域和系统行为的对象,类及类之间的联系抽取出来。
例如在办公大楼电梯仿真系统中,搭乘电梯的人,在楼间运行的电梯和各个楼层,它们是实际问题中的对象和类。
OOD阶段则需进一步对系统进行总体结构设计,把数据设计与过程设计结合为一体,封装为模块,同时为实现问题需求可能还需要引入其它一些对象和类。
OOI阶段才是用C++语言进行编程实现的过程。
关于OOA,OOD的内容本书不可能详细讨论,在全部本科的学习过程中,学生将有机会在有关OOP的后续课程(如数据结构、数据库系统原理、面向对象编程技术等)中得到系统的训练。
另外,在实际问题中,可能与我们给出的这个实例有区别,即由于OOP允许充分利用程序的可重用性,依靠一个越来越完备的类库,程序员在开发一个新的软件时新的类的对象可能只占程序的一小部分,而可以把主要精力用在OOA和OOD上面,这样的编程既可靠又快速,是面向对象编程的一大优点。
11.1 仿真系统程序的总体设计 在实际工作中,往往需要由计算机来模拟一个系统的运行过程。
例如工厂266第十一章用C++语言设计面向对象程序的生产中,由原材料、工人、设备、产品等多因素构成的生产过程仿真;一个电厂的电力的生产、供应、管理的全过程的仿真;一个城市的道路交通系统、车流量、道路管理,其中包括各种道路、行人、司机、骑自行车的人、红绿灯系统、警察、各种车辆等等,它们在运行中全处在动态变化之中。
这样的一个仿真系统的开发,有利于有关部门安排警力,改进红绿灯系统的设置,在最紧张的地段拓宽路面,改行单行线,建设新道路、立交桥、地铁等等。
当然,设计这样的仿真程序不是一件很容易的事。
C++语言所支持的面向对象程序设计技术正是为规模较大、比较复杂的问题编制高质量、可读性好、可维护性好、可重用性好的软件最强有力的方法。
本章要解决的问题是一个规模稍小一点的仿真问题,它是要编写一个程序,模拟办公大楼中全部电梯的工作过程。
这个仿真程序可以用来改善大楼管理,它也可以看成是一种游戏程序。
下面让我们对这个系统作一个初步描述: ・办公大楼有十层,每层有电梯,同时有步行楼梯; ・全楼有不多于10部电梯同时供使用,电梯容量为24人,速度每上下一层需5秒,在某一层停下至少15秒。
其运行状态可分:向上、向下、停止,当前乘客数,当前所在层数。
它设有一个“按钮数组”,例如第五层的按钮按下,意味着有乘客在第5层到达目标层,等等。
・在楼的每一层,有电梯数,有按钮表示有人等待向上或向下,由若干人在等待,有若干电梯在本层停下,等等。
・在大楼中(包括进出)的总人数不超过500人,每个人站在电梯前有个目标层,他有一个最大的忍受等待时间,因为他可以选择电梯或是步行走楼梯,等等。
・若干假设: 在每个时间段要进大楼的人数在0~199之间随机取值; 用电梯的每个人的目标层在1~10之间取值; 一个人在进电梯或改走楼梯之前的等待时间在180~360秒范围内随机发生; 一个人到达目标层后第二次再乘电梯中间的工作时间在400~6600秒间随机取值。
以及其它假设。
总之,在我们设计仿真程序之前应对整个系统有个比较量化的了解,同时应对整个系统的几方面因素有一定的划分。
例如,可以把整个大楼视为系统的整体,在这个系统中运行的有不同类的对象: 11.1 仿真系统程序的总体设计267电梯集合,按自己规律不断运行的若干电梯,仿真系统应随时显示各个电梯的当前状态,同时在一定时刻应提供某些仿真统计结果。
楼层集合,各个楼层的状态也是在不停地变化,停下的电梯,等电梯的人群、各按钮的状态,各层状态虽各不相同但有共同的属性。
人员集合,所有大楼中的人,都处在不断变化着的各种状态之中,等待,搭乘(电梯),工作,步行(楼梯)等。
在等待的人分布在各个楼层,以不同的目标层为目的,他们分乘不同的电梯,在不同的楼层工作,不同的时间间隔后再次使用电梯进入等待状态。
整个仿真过程按一定的统计结果和随机性假设来运行。
系统的基本要求是:设定和控制仿真时间,管理整个系统的正常运行,随时显示系统的当前状态,输出一段仿真运行后的结果。
这样的一个仿真系统的运行过程可以用下面的程序来描述: //simulation.cpp#include"simulation.h"#include<…>#include<…>simulation simone;void main(void){simone.display();while(simone.continues()){simone.perform();simone.display();}simone.results();}这是一个抽象的仿真程序的运行,让我们就以此作为自顶向下(Top-Down)的oop设计过程的开始。
11.2 仿真程序simulation的框架 现在目标已经明确,就是要写出上节末程序中要求的包括display268第十一章用C++语言设计面向对象程序(),continues(),perform()和results()作为函数成员的类的说明和定义。
我们按照写大程序的习惯,把程序分为两部分: simulation.h:类的说明部分 simulation.cpp:类的实现部分 当然,主函数main()也可以包含在里面。
//simulation.h 这就是所谓的头文件#ifndef _SIMULATION_H#define _SIMULATION_Henum Bool{false,true};class simulation{long timeSimulate; //仿真时间(秒数)long timeRemaining; //剩余时间(秒数)public:simulation();Bool continues(void);void SetTime(long secs);long getTime(void);void reduceTime(long secs);void perform(void);void display(void);void results(void);};#endif //_SIMULATION_H 程序说明: ⑴ 第2~3行和19行的编译预处理命令的功能为: 第2行:如果未对_SIMULATION_H作出定义,则向下一行进行,否则跳过这段程序直到第19行以后。
第3行:把_SIMULATION_H定义为空串。
第19行:与第2行呼应,如条件不成立,跳过这级程序。
它们的作用是避免这个头文件的内容在多次被包含的情况下重复运行。
⑵ 类simulation有两个私有数据成员:timeSimulate是一个长整数,纪录设定的仿真时间;另一个timeRemaining则纪录剩余的仿真时间长度,当这个值变为0时仿真停止。
11.2 仿真程序simulation的框架269⑶ 类simulation说明了8个公有函数成员,除了构造函数和上文中要求的continues(),perform(),display()和results()之外,另说明了SetTime(),getTime(),reduceTime()三个可以在运行中改变和读取时间设置的操作。
⑷ 从这段程序可以看出,类simulation的任何一个实例或对象都是一次实际的仿真过程。
下面是类simulation的定义或称实现。
//simulation.cpp#include "simulation.h"#include <iostream.h>#include <conio.h>simulation::simulation(){timeSimulate=3600;timeRemaining=timeSimulate;} //以3600秒—1小时为缺省设置时间Bool simulation::continues(void){if(timeRemaining>0)return true;else return false;} //根据剩余时间判定是否继续仿真void simulation::SetTime(long secs){timeSimulation=secs;timeRemaining=timeSimulate;} //运行中设置仿真时间long simulation::getTime(void){return timeRemaining;} //读出剩余时间void simulation::reduceTime(long secs){if(secs>timeRemaining)270第十一章用C++语言设计面向对象程序timeRemaining=0;elsetimeRemaining-=secs;} //减少仿真时间void simulation::perform(void){cout<<"Simulation! Press <space> to continume";while(getch()!=" ");reduceTime(600);} //这是一个虚拟的运行操作void simulation::display(void){cout<<endl<<"Time remaining";cout<<timeRemaining<<"secs";} //显示信息void simulation::results(void){cout<<endl<<"Simulation results:";cout<<endl<<"Time at start:"<<timeSimulate<<"secs";cout<<endl<<"Time at end:"<<timeRemaining<<"secs";} //显示仿真结果⑴ 这是一个抽象的框架程序,是自顶向下设计过程的开始,但它又是可运行的,读者可以按上节的main()来执行它。