第31课虚词 it 的用法
it的用法讲解---绝对经典系列
有一段时间了”。 4）It’s + 时间段 + before-从句---“过多长时间才…” 5）It is up to sb to do sth. “该由某人做某事” 6)If it were not for…/ If it hadn’t been for… “若
不是因为……” 7)I owe it to you that I am still alive. “归功于…”
一、代词 人称代词it可以用来代替一个名词、短语、句子， 以免重复。 (1)指代刚提到过的同一事物 （同类；同一） This is my new car. I bought it yesterday.
(2) 指动物或不考虑性别的婴儿 Where is the cat? It’s under the bed. The baby cried when it was hungry.
2. ___ one day they will have enough animals to set them free.
A. It is hoped for B. what is hoped that C. As is hoped that D. It is hoped that
人称代词中的主角：it的用法
人称代词中的主角：it的用法•it用作人称代词的用法it用作代词，意为“它”，既可以指物，也可以指人。
it作人称代词，可以用来代替一个名词、短语、从句或句子，以避免它们在句中的重复。
这时可以指提到过的，也可以指未提到过的，在句中作主语、表语或宾语。
1）指事物，it可以指代除人以外的一切事物或动物。
如：I dropped my watch and it broke.我把手表掉在地上摔坏了。
2）指人，it指人主要用于指性别不明的婴儿或只听其声而不见其人的人。
如：Is it a boy or a girl?是男孩还是女孩？There is a knock on the door.It must be the postman.有人在敲门，一定是邮递员。
-“Listen.Someone is crying.”-“Oh,it must be Mary.”“听，有人在哭。
”“噢，一定是玛丽。
”3）代替某些代词代词it还可用于代替指示代词this,that以及复合不定代词something,，anything，nothing等。
如：“What's this”“It's a new machine.”“这是什么？”“是一种新机器。
”•it用作非人称代词的用法1）it 作非人称代词主要用来指时间、距离、价值、天气、气候及温度等自然现象。
如：It's too late to go there now.现在去那儿已经太迟了。
It rained all day yesterday.昨天下了一天的雨。
2）用于某些句型，如：It's time for sth.该做某事了。
It's time to do sth.是做某事的时候了。
It's time for sb to do sth.某人该干某事了。
It's time+that-从句.某人该做某事了。
（从句谓语用过去式，有时也用“should+动词原形”）It's first(second)time+that-从句.某人第几次干某事。
It用法总结知识讲解
③被强调部分为人时，可用w) It was your father that/whom /who I met in the street yesterday．
2) It was I that/who met your father in the street yesterday．
It was yesterday that I met your father in the street．
②不管被强调部分是哪种状语，只能用 that连接，不得使用where、when等连词.
It was in the street that I met your father yesterday．
3. it 用作形式主语
3.1 代替主语从句
1）It is + adj. +that从句
① It is clear ( obvious， true， possible certain....) that ..... “清楚（显然，真的，肯定．．．）”
It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree.
②. It is important ( necessary， right， strange， natural...) that ... that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形）， should 可以省去，建议记住该句型中的形容词。 It is important that we (should) learn English well.
这成一样个一完个整不的完句整子的，句只是子没；被第强二调句,而是其强他调 句从 比句较，一：th般at不不具可备改这为一w特he征n。．
1) It was ten o'clock when we got home last night．我们昨晚到家时已十点了。 2) It was at ten o'clock that we got home last night．我们昨晚是在十点到家的。
it用法大全形式宾语形式主语
2.非人称代词it
it有时并不指详细旳东西，而泛指天气、时间、环境等， 称为非人称旳it： 2.1.指天气： It is a lovely day, isn’t it? It is a bit windy.
2.2.指时间: It was nearly midnight when she came back.
用It作形式主语旳句型： (1) It is adj.＋ to do sth. It is difficult to translate this article.翻译这篇文章 极难。
(2) It is adj. ＋ for/of sb.＋ to do sth. It is important for us to learn English.学习英语对我 们很主要。
㈠ 1.it作人称代词
1.1.it旳最基本使用方法是作人称代词，主要指刚 提到 旳事物，以防止反复:
Ningbo is a beautiful city, isn’t it?
1.2.也能够指动物或婴儿(未知性别旳婴儿或孩子): Is this your dog？No, it isn’t.
1.3.也可指抽象事物: It was a great surprise to me when he did a thing like that．
2）.It is +v-ed +that 从句 ① It is said (reported， learned....) that ...
据说（据报道，据悉．．．）“。 It is said that he has come to Beijing.
= He is said to have come to Beijing.
②不论被强调部分是哪种状语，只能用 that连接，不得使用where、when等连词.
it的七种用法
it的七种用法1.指代特定的事物或物体："我正在使用这台电脑，它非常好用。
"拓展："it"也可以指代不确定的事物或物体，特别是当我们无法或不想具体描述时。
例如："我听到了什么声音，但我不知道是什么，我觉得有点可怕。
"2.指代动物，尤其是不知道其性别或不确定其性别时： "我看到一只猫，它在树上爬来爬去。
"拓展："it"也可以用于指代婴儿或不确定性别的人。
3.指代强调上文所提到的事物或观点： "我买了一辆新车，我花了很多时间挑选，但它真的很值得。
"拓展：这种用法可以强调前面提到的具体事物或主题，并给予它更多的关注或认可。
4.被用作形式主语： "It's important to exercise regularly."拓展：在某些句子中，"it"可以用作形式主语，代表主语部分的内容，尤其是当真正的主语是以后出现时。
5.引导强调句： "It was John who broke the vase."拓展：在强调句中，"it"被用作形式主语，而真正的主语将被放置在句子的后部，以便强调。
6.用于指示时间、天气和环境条件： "It's raining outside."拓展："it"在描述天气、时间或条件时，常用于英语中，例如："It's getting late." "It's hot today."7.在某些习语中，表示状态或情感： "I'm over it." （我已经度过了这个困境）拓展：在某些习语或俚语中，"it"用于表示情感、状态或体验，并在一定程度上代表所描述的特定情况。
it作为代词的用法总结
it作为代词的用法总结一、it 作为人称代词1. 表示特指的人或物：当我们想要提及已经被提到过的人或物时，可以使用 it 来代替。
例如：I saw a bird in the garden this morning. It was singing beautifully.2. 表示不具体指向的事物：当我们谈论天气、时间等与特定对象无关的概念时，可以使用 it。
例如：It is raining outside.What time is it?3. 用于强调句子中的主语或宾语：在强调句型中，it 可以用来指代原本句子中的名词，并将其放在句首。
例如：It was John who ate all the cake.It was the cat that knocked over the vase.二、it 作为形式主语或形式宾语1. 当真正的主语或宾语是一个从句时，我们通常使用 it 作为形式主语或形式宾语。
例如：It is important to exercise regularly.I find it difficult to understand his accent.2. 当强调整个动作而不是特定执行者时，也可使用 it 作为形式宾语。
例如：I find it interesting to learn new languages.She found it hard to say goodbye.三、it 作为虚主语1. 在一些较长的句子中，如果没有一个具体的主语和动词，我们可以使用 it 占据主语的位置，以保持句子的语法结构平衡。
例如：It is important to study before the exam.It seems that nobody is home.2. 在许多固定短语中，it 作为一个虚拟主语引入一个句子。
例如：It is said that he will be promoted soon.It doesn't matter if we arrive late.四、it 作为指代前文提到的内容1. 当我们在上下文中已经谈论过某个事物，并且想要通过代词回指时，可以使用 it。
高中英语语法——It的用法
高中英语It的用法一、代词It1.用作人称代词，代替上文出现的同一个事物，既可以指代可数名词，也可以指代不可数名词, 其复数形式是them。
如：---Have you seen my pen? ---Yes, it’s in the desk.★ it可以指人，多指婴儿或指身份不明的人（通常是只闻其声，不见其人时）。
例如: ---Who is knocking at the door? ---It must be Tom.★ it与one和that的区别：one指代单数可数名词，泛指同类事物中的一个；其复数形式是ones，泛指一些。
如：I prefer a flat in east district to one in west district.that用来替代前面提到的特指事物，既可以指代单数可数名词，也可以指代不可数名词。
代替单数可数名词可以用the one替代。
其复数形式是those,指代复数名词，表特指。
如：The weather here is not so good as that there.The days in summer are longer than those in winter.2. it用以代替指示代词this和thatA：Whose umbrella is that?B：It’s Mary’s.3. it用作非人称代词，表示时间、日期、地点、天气、温度、距离、环境等。
It’s a beautiful day.It’s time for the meeting.课堂练习1. Tom's mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but ____didn't help.A. heB. whichC. sheD. it2. We’ve been looking at the houses but haven’t found ____ we like yet.A. oneB. onesC. itD. them3. The Parkers bought a new house but ____ will need a lot of work before they can move in.A. theyB. itC. oneD. which4. I was disappointed with the film. I had expected ________to be much better.A. thatB. thisC. oneD. it5. ---Do you like ___ here?---Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice.A. thisB. theseC. thatD. it6. We need a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made ____ from some wood we had.A. itB. oneC. himselfD. another答案：DABDDB二、引导词it1. it用作形式主语It is uncertain whether he can come to Jenny’s birthday party or not.It’s a pity that you missed the exciting football match.It remains a question whether he will come or not.It is reported that 16 people were killed in the earthquake.It happened that I was out when he called.It’s necessary for the young to master two foreign language.It is no use arguing about the matter with him.2. it用作形式宾语动词+形式宾语+宾语补足语+真正的宾语。
虚词it
一、虚词it 虚义it指用作没有具体语义的主语，如表示时间、天气、距离、温度、环境等概念的用法。
It is cooler in Tianjin than in Beijing.It is only about half an hour's ride from here to my home.It’s three o’clock now.It looks as if the college is very small.It is very guiet at the moment.二、指代it的基本用法是用来指代上文所提到的事物,同时也可以用以代替指示代词this,that.1.My dictionary is missing, I can’t find it anyway.2.Tom has failed in the exam, have you heard aboutit?3.–What’s this?-- it’s a computer.4.– Whose bicycle is that?-- it’s hers.it, one, 用于指代用法时的区别:it代替上文提及的原物(复数用they)；one指代上文提及的、泛指的可数名词单数（复数ones）Do you want the watch?Yes, I want it.Do you want a watch?Yes, I want one.What is a panda like?I’ ve never seen one, so I dont’ know what it is like.指代不明身份或性别的人也用it ,有时可以用来指婴儿，有时还可以指引起某种情况的事物。
1.A:---Who is making such a noise?B:---It must be the children.2.It’s the wind shaking the window .3.Look that lovely baby in the cradle! Oh, dear. It is crying.4.A：Who's it (knocking at the door)?B: It's me.三、形式it:1．形式主语：不定式、动名词以及主语从句作主语时，为避免“头重脚轻”，要将真正的主语后置。
It的用法
It的用法I 人称it人称it可以用来代替一个名词、一个短语、一个分句或一个句子，避免它们在句中重复。
1.人称it可以指事物、动植物或性别不明的婴儿。
This is a new dictionary. I bought it yesterday.There is an old tree in front of his house. It is very tall.The cat is too lazy to move. I must give it a push.The Whites have a new baby. It’s lovely.2.人称it可以指包括许多成员在内的集体。
The Women’s Volleyball Team came back yesterday. It has just won the world championship.3.人称it可以指一个动作或一件事情。
I like hiking, but he does n’t like it.My brother was knocked down by a car, but he survived the accident. It was a narrow escape.It should never happen again. She left away and left the bicycle unlocked.4.用在“It is/was +表语”结构中，指明某人或某物的身份的，具有这种作用的it可以用来代替this或that。
(有语法学家称其为指示it。
)-Who’s there? -It’s me / the postman / John.Last night I tripped over something and fell. What’s that? It’s a stone.II 无人称it无人称it是虚词，没有任何具体的意义。
高考英语It的用法
高考英语It的用法It是高考英语中一个极其重要的词，其用法多样，在不同的语境中具有不同的意义。
下面我们将从it的用法、句型和固定搭配三个方面进行讲解。
一、it用作实词1、表示时间、天气、距离、温度等自然现象。
例如：It is Monday today.今天是星期一。
It is raining outside.外面正在下雨。
It is 5 kilometers away from here.距离这儿有5公里远。
2、表示观点、看法、态度等主观想法。
例如：I think it is a good idea.我认为这是一个好主意。
We think it is important to learn English well.我们认为学好英语很重要。
二、it用作形式主语当不定式、动名词或从句作主语时，为了保持句子结构平衡，避免头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语，代替不定式、动名词或从句，而把真正的主语放在句尾。
例如：It is important to learn English well.学好英语很重要。
It took me an hour to finish the homework.我花了一个小时完成作业。
三、it用作形式宾语当不定式、动名词或从句作宾语时，为了保持句子结构平衡，避免头重脚轻，常用it作形式宾语，代替不定式、动名词或从句，而把真正的宾语放在句尾。
例如：I think it is important to learn English well.我认为学好英语很重要。
He found it hard to learn English well.他发现学好英语很难。
四、it用于强调句型中强调句型是英语中一个重要的句型，用于突出强调某个成分，特别是主语、宾语和状语等。
在强调句型中，it没有实际意义，只是起到引导作用。
例如：It is I who am the best student in my class.我是班里最好的学生。
“It” 用法归纳 “It” 用法及其句型和固定搭配
“It” 用法归纳“It” 用法及其句型和固定搭配，是高中英语语法的重点、难点，又是近几年高考的热点，因此应给予足够的重视。
现将it用法归纳如下：一、It用作实词表达以下概念:指代前文提到的事物，前文中的this, that；替代前文中的内容；指代一位性别不明的小孩或未知的人(如敲门,打电话时用)；指代未指明但谈话双方都知道的那件事；指代时间、天气、气候、距离等自然现象…… 请参考课本P157二、It用作形式主语替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。
It 作形式主语的常见句型：1. it替代作主语的动词不定式，其句型为（1）It be adj. (for sb.) to do sth.此处adj. 通常为描述事件的形容词：easy, difficult, hard, necessary, unnecessary, possible, impossible等例It is illegal (for a teenager) to drive a car without a license.（2）It be adj. of sb. to do sth.此处adj. 通常为描述人的形容词：kind, unkind, nice, rude, cruel, considerate, thoughtful, thoughtless等例It’s kind of you to help me with the problem.2. It替代作主语的动名词的常见句型It’s no good/use doing…It’s (well)worth doing…It’s (well)worth one’s while doing/to do… It’s (well)worth while doing/ to do例It’s no use crying over spilt milk.3. It替代主语从句的常见句型（1）It is + noun +从句例It is no secret/surprise that the president wants to have a second term at office.(2) It is clear ( obvious, true, possible, certain....) that .....该句型中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句，常译为”清楚（显然，真的，肯定．．．）” 是主语从句最常见的一种结构。
(完整版)高中语法：it用法
It 的用法It 可用作实词（代词）和虚词（助词）。
实词it 指用于人称和前指（指刚提到的人或物），用于无人称时，做主语，表示时间，距离，天气等。
虚词it 可用作形式主语或形式宾语，也用于构成的强调句型。
（一）实词（代词）1. 用作人称代词1）指人。
例如：Who is it? Is it you, Andrew ?Who is making such a noise ? It must be the children.2）用作前指，代替前文提到过的人或事物。
例如：What a beautiful baby ! Is it a boy ?You have saved my life; I shall never forget it.3 ）代替指示代词this, that。
例如：“What's this ?” “It'sa flag.”4 ）代替一个双方既知所指的东西How 'sit going with you ?2. 用作非人称代词常用作没有具体意义的主语，表示气候，天气，温度，时间，地点，距离等。
例如：1）指天气：It 'sdamp and cold. I think it 's going to rain.2）指时间，季节等：“ what time is it ? ” “It is eight o 'clock. ”I hope it is spring all the year round.3）指距离It is five kilometers from the office to my home.4）指环境，条件等It was very quiet and peaceful here,It was becoming increasing dangerous.5）“无人称it ”也用于表达下列2 个结构表达印象和可能性：It seems as if we've known each other for years, （印象）It looks as though I 'm going to fail the test6）“无人称it ”还用于下列的表达中as it is事实上So be it但愿如此，好吧That' s it !对，是这样！make it到达，成功（二）虚词（助词）1. 作形式主语当动词不定式，动名词，或从句做主语时，通常把她们放在谓语后，而用it 做形式主语。
It 用 法 小 结
It用法小结it在英语语法中属人称代词，意思是“它”，用来指人以外的一切生物和事物。
它的用法不仅不简单，而且很复杂。
它可以用于指人以外的一切生物、无生命的东西和事情，用于指代人，用于指时间、距离和自然现象等。
另外，它也可以用作形式主语，用作形式宾语，强调句型中等。
下面我们来详细总结一下it的用法，希望对大家的学习都帮助。
一、用作人称代词1.用于指事。
It用作人称代词最基本的用法就是代替前面已提到过的事物，以避免重复。
I cannot find my iPod; I must have lost it in the school library.2.用于指动物或婴儿。
主要用于指动物或性别不详的婴儿。
“Where is the cat?’’ “It is under the bed.”The famous popular got a baby last month and it is very lovely.3.用于上文提到的情况。
His parents are going to send him abroad and he doesn’t like it.4.用于指人。
it 用于指人主要用于确定未知人的身份：“Who is it？” “It’s me.”Someone must have been here. But we have no idea who it was.5.指人时与he和she的区别。
当it用于指人时，主要用于确定未知的或身份不明的人，若是指已知的或身份明确的人，则应根据情况使用he或she。
比较：⑴ I hear a knock at the door. It must be the postmen.⑵Jim is at the door. He wants to see you.6.指物时与one与that的区别。
两者均可代替前面提到的事物，区别是：It指的是与前面已提到的事物为同一物，而one与that或this则指代同名异物，此时的one 等于“a+名词”。
it的用法归纳
it的用法归纳it的用法归纳it的用法归纳1在英语巾,it扮演着各种各样的角色,它具可代人,也可代物、时间、天气等,还可以作引导词,其用法灵活多变,是学习的重点,也是常考内容之一,现将其用法归纳如下:作者：陈忠庆作者单位：平坝县活龙中学刊名：初中生辅导英文刊名：ASSIST AND GUIDE FOR JUNIOR MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS 年，卷(期)： 20xx ""(29) 分类号： H3 关键词：it的用法归纳2括号主要表示括起来的话是注释或补充说明前边的词语或句子。
这种注释或补充说明面比较宽，可以解释语义，注明时间，也可以交代引出处，列举具体内容，还可以讽刺、批评、订正错误等。
使用括号要注意：（一）括号要紧挨前面被注释或说明的词语或句子。
（二）按注释范围大小来分，括号可分为句内括号和句外括号两种。
前者只注释句中一部分词语，括号前如有点号要放在括号外边，括号内的最后一个点号（问号、叹号除外）应当省去。
后者要放在全句句末点号之后，括号内的标点按一般情况处理。
例：他高声念道：万道光芒地，将出现了哟--新生的太阳。
（郭沫若：《太阳礼赞》）例：猿人是第一次能用双手制造工具的人，他和那种只能本能地使用自然工具（石块、木棒）的一般南方古猿，有了本质的区别。
括号和破折号都可以注释前边的话，两者的区别大致是：内容重要，属于正文的部分的，用破折号；内容不太重要，不是正文的一部分，只是注释，没有它也不影响意思完整的，用括号。
这时附带说明一下常用序次语的表示方式。
（一）用首先其次最后或第一第二第三等，后面用逗号。
例：首先，思想上要重视。
其次，要掌握有关知识。
（二）用一二三或甲乙丙等，后面用顿号。
例：根据代词指代的`对象的不同，代词可分为三种：一、人称代词，二、疑问代词，三、指示代词。
（三）数字外面加了括号，序次语后面就不再加点号。
例：第一单元有下面几篇课文：（一）谈《水浒》的人物和结构（二）说小（三）文学评论两篇（四）用阿拉伯数字时，后面用小圆点。
英语中it用法全解析
英语中it用法全解析摘要本文主要介绍了英语中it的用法，包括以下几个方面：it作为人称代词，指代前文提到的或语境中明确的人或物。
it作为非人称代词，表示天气、时间、温度、距离等抽象概念。
it作为形式主语或形式宾语，代替不定式、动名词或从句等真正的主语或宾语。
it用于强调句型，突出句子中的某一成分。
it用于其他常见的句式和短语，表达不同的意思和功能。
1. it作为人称代词it作为人称代词，通常指代前文提到的或语境中明确的人或物。
它在句中可以作主语、宾语、定语或表语等。
例如：句子说明He took a quick look at the house and noticed it was veryold.it指代前文提到的house，作主语。
John hates children, and it is difficult to say why.it指代前面提到的事情，作主语。
She made it clear (that) we were not welcome.it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是that引导的从句。
It's me.it作形式主语，真正的主语是me。
2. it作为非人称代词it作为非人称代词，表示天气、时间、温度、距离等抽象概念。
它在句中通常作主语或宾语。
例如：句子说明It is raining.it表示天气，作主语。
It is an hour's walk from my home to the school.it表示距离，作主语。
It is a pity that I didn't think of it earlier.it表示一般情况，作主语。
I don't like it when you are angry.it指代后面的when引导的从句，作宾语。
3. it作为形式主语或形式宾语当不定式、动名词或从句等用作主语或宾语时，为避免头重脚轻或保持句子平衡，通常在句首使用形式主语或形式宾语it，而把真正的主语或宾语置于句尾。
It 的用法
It 的用法一、作人称代词，指示代词；it 是真正的主语或宾语，指一切单数的生物和事物，也可以指不明性别的婴幼儿。
如：What a beautiful baby! Is it a boy?二、It 起this，that 的作用，代表前面提到的事物，可具体，也可抽象。
如：Hong Kong will return to China on July 1st 1997. It surely is a great historical event at the end of the century.三、作非人称代词；表示时间，日期，天气，自然现象，环境，价格，度量衡等。
表句中所涉及之人。
如：It's lovely in the garden, let's go for a walk. (环境)四、It作形式主语或形式宾语，帮助真正的主语或宾语（不定时、动名词、名词从句）后移使句子保持平衡。
如：It's necessary to use a short-wave radio to pick up the programmes.It was like being on a boat. It was clear that they had no desire for peace.五、作强调代词：It is(was) +强调部分+that（who）注：强调主语用主格，强调宾语用宾格。
如：Don't be angry. It is me whom(that) she blamed, not you.（1）怎样辨别it是人称代词还是非人称代词？如果是人称代词，一般代替前面的单数名次，极少数情况下代词在前，所带的名词在后。
如：Although we can't see it, there is air all around us.It 作非人称代词，其后面的内容都是自然现象时间度量衡等等。
it用法？
it用法？
it有三种常见用法，第一种是它最普通的用法作为代词，代指的是动物的它，物体的它，第二种用法it用在形式主语当中，记住形式主义就不能叫代词了，它是一个形式主语，第三种用法it还可以表示一个很虚的主语。
扩展资料
例句：
It doesn't have the market to itself.
它未能独占市场。
She lost it, just as I said she would.
我就说了吧，她把它丢了。
It was a time of peak demand for the product.
那是对该产品需求最旺的时期。
It is less of a problem than I'd expected.
问题不像我预料的那么大。
It is estimated the project will last four years.
据估计，这项工程将持续四年。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
第三十一课虚词it 的用法（一）一.本课要点及示例在这一课里, 我们学习虚词it, i-t, it 的用法, 比方: "买房子不容易" It isn't easy to buy a house. "买房屋保险是必需的" It's necessary to buy house insurance等等. 另外我们要学习许多有关买卖房屋的词汇.现在我们来听今天这一课的对话, 内容是说亨利跟凯特谈起了邻居卖房子的事情. 请你注意听两位英文老师的发音和语调.F: Henry, the Fishers finally sold their house.M: Well, it's good to hear that.F: It hasn't been easy to sell a house these days. I was worried.M: So was I. And the Fishers were so anxious to move. Did they get their price?F: They got five thousand dollars less than they were asking for the house.M: It isn't bad. It's expected to get less than what is asked.下面我请英文老师把整段对话再用慢速度念一遍, 请你注意听.F: Henry, the Fishers finally sold their house.M: Well, it's good to hear that.F: It hasn't been easy to sell a house these days. I was worried.M: So was I. And the Fishers were so anxious to move. Did they get their price?F: They got five thousand dollars less than they were asking for the house.M: It isn't bad. It's expected to get less than what is asked.现在老师把包含了it 的句子用慢速度再念一遍给你听.M: It's good to hear that.F: It hasn't been easy to sell a house these days.M: It's expected to get less than what is asked.二.IT听了上面几个句子, 我想你已经注意到it 的用法. 比方"拥有一幢房子很困难" It's difficult to own a house. 在这个句子里it 指的就是to own a house.现在我们作一组练习, 学学这种用法. 练习里的句子都是跟买房子, 租公寓有关系的. 练习的作法是老师念一个句子,接着老师给你一个动词词组, 比方"买公寓" to purchase a condominium, 老师也可能给你一个形容词, 比方"经济实惠" economical, 请你把听到的代换到句子里.M: It's difficult to own a house.M: purchase a homeF: It's difficult to purchase a home.M: costlyF: It's costly to purchase a home.M: purchase a condominiumF: It's costly to purchase a condominium.M: practicalF: It's practical to purchase a condominium.M: economicalF: It's economical to purchase a condominium.M: rent an apartmentF: It's economical to rent an apartment.M: commonF: It's common to rent an apartment.我希望刚才那组练习你都作对了. 下面我们再作一组练习, 用刚才那种句子构造学学买房子或是租房子应该注意的事情, 比方"选择合适的地点" select the right location, "有好邻居" have good neighbors, "有个讲理的房东" havea reasonable landlord 等等. 练习的作法是老师提出一个问题, 请你作肯定的答覆. 每作完一句还是请你听老师念正确答案.M: Is it important to select the right location?F: Yes, it is important to select the right location.M: Is it important to live in a good neighborhood?F: Yes, it is important to live in a good neighborhood.M: Is it important to have good neighbors?F: Yes, it is important to have good neighbors.M: Is it important to have a reasonable landlord?F: Yes, it is important to have a reasonable landlord.下面一组练习谈到买房子必须作的事情, 比方"借钱" get a loan, "贷款" get a mortgage, "查利率" check the interest rate. "按期付款" make regular payments, "买房屋保险" buy house insurance, "付清贷款" pay off the mortgage 等等. 练习的作法是老师念一个句子, 接着老师念一个词组. 请你把你听到的代换到原来的句子里, 每作完一句就请你听老师念正确答案.M: It is necessary to pay for the house.M: get a loanF: It is necessary to get a loan.M: get a mortgageF: It is necessary to get a mortgageM: check the interest rateF: It is necessary to check the interest rate.M: repay the bankF: It is necessary to repay the bank.M: make regular paymentsF: It is necessary to make regular payments.M: buy house insuranceF: It is necessary to buy house insurance.M: pay off the mortgageF: It is necessary to pay off the mortgage.在下面一组练习里, 我们把两种意思相同但是句型不同的句子作个比较. 比方我们刚才练习过的一个句子: It is necessary to pay for the house. 这句话也可以这样说: Paying for the house is necessary. 现在我们开始作练习, 由老师用 it 作一个句子, 比方It is necessary to get a loan.请你把句子改成Getting a loan is necessary. 每作完一句, 就请你听老师念正确答案.M: It is necessary to pay for the house.F: Paying for the house is necessary.M: It is necessary to get a loan.F: Getting a loan is necessary.M: It is necessary to get a mortgage.F: Getting a mortgage is necessary.M: It is necessary to check the interest rate.F: Checking the interest rate is necessary.M: It is necessary to repay the bank.F: Repaying the bank is necessary.M: It is necessary to make regular payments.F: Making regular payments is necessary.M: It is necessary to buy house insurance.F: Buying house insurance is necessary.在刚才的几组练习里我们学到了在美国买房子必须作的事情. 现在我们还是用it 作句子, 学学在郊区买房子有什么好处和坏处. 练习的作法是老师提出一个问句, 比方"住在郊区比较安全吗?" Is it safer to live in the suburbs? 接着老师提出一个形容词, 比方"麻烦" troublesome, 你就用这个形容词的比较级把问句改成Is it more troublesome to live in the suburbs? 好, 现在我们开始作练习, 每作完一句, 老师就把正确答案念给你听.M: Is it safer to live in the suburbs?M: quietF: Is it quieter to live in the suburbs?M: economicalF: Is it more economical to live in the suburbs?M: interestingF: Is it more interesting to live in the suburbs?M: comfortableF: Is it more comfortable to live in the suburbs?M: expensiveF: Is it more expensive to live in the suburbs?M: troublesomeF: Is it more troublesome to live in the suburbs?M: dangerousF: Is it more dangerous to live in the suburbs?M: convenientF: Is it more convenient to live in the suburbs?下面一组练习是说到住在城里的好处和坏处; 比方老师问学生"住在城里比较不舒服吗?" Is it less comfortable living in the city? 接着老师念出一个形容词, 学生就把形容词代换到原来的句子里, 请你在学生作练习的时候也一起作.M: Is it less economical living in the city?M: interestingF: Is it less interesting living in the city?M: comfortableF: Is it less comfortable living in the city?M: expensiveF: Is it less expensive living in the city?M: troublesomeF: Is it less troublesome living in the city?M: dangerousF: Is it less dangerous living in the city?M: convenientF: Is it less convenient living in the city?下面一组练习是由老师用疑问词what 问你一个问题, 比方: What has become necessary? 接着老师念一个词组, 比方: "有收入" having an income. 请你用这个词组来回答问题,所以答案就是:Having an income has become necessary.然后你再用it 把句子改成It has become necessary to have an income. 每作完一个句子就请你听老师念正确答案. M: What has become difficult?M: purchasing a homeF: Purchasing a home has become difficult.F: It has become difficult to purchase a home.M: What has become costly?M: buying a condominiumF: Buying a condominium has become costly.F: It has become costly to buy a condominium.M: What has become expensive?M: renting an apartmentF: Renting an apartment has become expensive.F: It has become expensive to rent an apartment.M: What has become common?M: paying high interest rateF: Paying high interest rate has become common.F: It has become common to pay high interest rate.M: What has become important?M: getting a mortgageF: Getting a mortgage has become important.F: It has become important to get a mortgage.三.听短文回答问题今天我们要听的文章是谈到美国人的住房问题. 文章里不但说到美国人民怎么样贷款买房子, 还谈到租房子或是租公寓有什么好处.请你注意听, 等一会儿我们要根据文章问你几个问题.In the U.S. today, the cost of housing is very high. It is common to pay one fourth to one third of a family's income on a place to live. The price of a house depends on its size and location. Big houses are more expensive than smaller ones. And houses closer to the center of big cities are more expensive than ones in the suburbs or in small towns.Regardless of the cost, it is usual for people to buy their houses over a period of time.When a family buys a house, it is necessary to borrow money from a bank to pay for it.Then they repay the bank in regular payments. This kind of bank loan is called a mortgage. Families can take 30 years to pay-off the mortgage. Without a mortgage it would be impossible for most people to own their houses.Many Americans don't own their own homes. They pay landlords to live in their homes.The money they pay for this is called rent. Usually, it is cheaper to rent than it is to buy and to pay a mortgage. Also, when something needs to be repaired, it is easy for the renter to ask the landlord to fix it.Some people rent houses, but most renters live in apartments. Apartment buildings are located in cities where it is too costly to build houses. Recently it has become common for renters to buy their apartments. When this happens, the cost usually increases but the money goes to pay off the mortgage. Apartments bought this way arecalled condominiums.刚才那篇文章如果你没有全部听懂, 没有关系, 等一会儿老师会再念一遍给你听. 现在我们先来听老师把今天测验的问题念一遍.第一个问题是:M: How much do most Americans pay for a place to live?第二个问题是:第三个问题是:M: What are some of the advantages of renting an apartment?现在我请英文老师用慢速度再把整篇文章念一遍.In the U.S. today, the cost of housing is very high. It is common to pay one fourth to one third of a family's income on a place to live. The price of a house depends on its size and location. Big houses are more expensive than smaller ones. And houses closer to the center of big cities are more expensive than ones in the suburbs or in small towns.Regardless of the cost, it is usual for people to buy their houses over a period of time.When a family buys a house, it is necessary to borrow money from a bank to pay for it.Then they repay the bank in regular payments. This kind of bank loan is called a mortgage. Families can take 30 years to pay-off the mortgage. Without a mortgage it would be impossible for most people to own their houses.Many Americans don't own their own homes. They pay landlords to live in their homes.The money they pay for this is called rent. Usually, it is cheaper to rent than it is to buy and to pay a mortgage. Also, when something needs to be repaired, it is easy for the renter to ask the landlord to fix it.Some people rent houses, but most renters live in apartments. Apartment buildings are located in cities where it is too costly to build houses. Recently it has become common for renters to buy their apartments. When this happens, the cost usually increases but the money goes to pay off the mortgage. Apartments bought this way arecalled condominiums.现在请你回答下面三个问题.第一个问题是:M: How much do most Americans pay for a place to live?F: Most Americans pay one fourth to one third of their income for a place to live.第二个问题是:F: They get a mortgage.第三个问题是:M: What are some of the advantages of renting an apartment?F: It is cheaper and easier to get repairs.。