高考英语书面表达专项复习---绝对经典系列

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2020年高考英语一轮复习------书面表达

2020年高考英语一轮复习------书面表达

2020年高考英语一轮复习------题型专项之书面表达一、画图重点该部分要求考生根据所给情景,用英语写一篇100词左右的短文。

情景包括写作任务的目的、对象、时间、地点、内容等;提供情景的形式有图画、图表、提纲等。

考生应能:(1)准确使用语法和词汇。

(2)使用一定的句型、词汇、清楚、连贯地表达自己的思想。

该题型主要考查考生的书面表达能力。

二、必备知识精准运用五大基本句型1.主语+谓语该句型中的谓语为不及物动词。

不及物动词后可以跟副词、介词短语、动词不定式等作状语。

The machine works smoothly.机器运转平稳。

(副词)They stopped to take a short rest.他们停下来休息了一小会儿。

(动词不定式短语)He is standing by the window.他正站在窗边。

(介词短语)2.主语+谓语+宾语在此句型中,谓语为及物动词。

及物动词本身需要一个动作的承受者(即宾语)才可以表达完整的意思。

作宾语的可以是名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词、从句等。

Mary enjoys music.玛丽喜欢音乐。

(名词)I want to get your help.我想得到您的帮助。

(动词不定式)I don’t know what to do.我不知道该做什么。

(疑问词+动词不定式)The old man enjoys living in the countryside.那位老人喜欢住在乡村。

(动名词短语)I don't think he is right.我认为他不对。

(宾语从句)3.主语+连系动词+表语该句型中,谓语动词不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语才能表达完整的意思,这类动词叫连系动词。

除了be动词外,连系动词还有:(1)表感官的动词:feel,smell,taste,sound,seem,look,appear等;(2)表转变、变化的动词:become,get,turn,grow,go等;(3)表延续的动词:remain,keep,hold,stay,stand,lie等;(4)表瞬间的动词:come,fall,set,occur等。

人教版 高考总复习 英语书面表达专题4

人教版  高考总复习  英语书面表达专题4

必修二
英语
高考总复习人教版
④ 此 处 表 示 “ 其 他 事 情 ” , 应 用 something else 或 other things。
⑤此处应用现在分词短语作结果状语,故make应改
为making。 ⑥此处应用不定式作目的状语,learn前加to。
必修二
should listen more to their students,then they can meet their needs better , and place themselves in a good relationship with their students;students should listen more to their classmates,thus they will help and learn from each other,and a friendship is likely to be formed.
必修二
英语
高考总复习人教版
[教师点评] ①文章开门见山,点明“为何倾听”,并且运用了并
列谓语动词来表达。
②在“谁来倾听”一部分,作者运用并列的 “ parents should listen... ; teachers should listen... ; students should listen...”,使文章读来琅琅上口,很有气 势。
必修二
英语
高考总复习人教版
What I want to stress is that each of us should listen more to others.Show your respect and never stop others till
they finish their talk ; show you are interested by a

高考英语真题高频话题文体分类解读:书面表达(全国甲乙卷)-八年(2016-2023)

高考英语真题高频话题文体分类解读:书面表达(全国甲乙卷)-八年(2016-2023)

书面表达(全国甲乙卷)养成良好的答题习惯,是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。

做题前,要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项,并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时,切忌跟着感觉走,最好按照题目序号来做,不会的或存在疑问的,要做好标记,要善于发现,找到题目的题眼所在,规范答题,书写工整;答题完毕时,要认真检查,查漏补缺,纠正错误。

总之,在最后的复习阶段,学生们不要加大练习量。

在这个时候,学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式,最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。

英语最后的复习要树立信心,考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”,遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。

越到最后,考生越要回归基础,单词最好再梳理一遍,这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。

另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。

★一条黄金法则与情境说明和写作要点内容相关的,能写一点就写一点,哪怕是不成句子的零星的一个或几个英语单词,也一定要写!万万不可留空!这是考生必须记住的黄金法则!因为只要你能写出一个或几个相关的单词,评卷老师就一定会给你分!但是如果乱写一些与作文无关的话,或摘抄与写作内容毫无关系的试卷中阅读理解的段落或句子,抄得再多,也是零分!如果你能用简单句表达完要点中规定的内容,一般也可得满分的60%,你就远远超过全省的平均分了!★五个写作步骤书面表达,可以采用“一审二列,三译四查五誉写”的步骤。

一审审人称。

给朋友写邮件应是“你(you)”,Terry要去拜访的朋友及家人应是“他们(they)”。

审时态。

介绍习俗应用一般现在时。

审要点。

就是要认真阅读并充分理解情景说明和内容要点:我是李华,我的朋友Terry将去一个中国朋友家做客(而不是来我家做客),Terry发邮件向我询问有关习俗,我要给Terry回复邮件,告知习俗,包括到达朋友家的时间、带什么样的礼物和在餐桌上注意哪些礼仪。

二列就是列出要写的内容要点,并根据句子结构的完整性写出完整的句子,根据篇章结构的完整性或文体特点,适当增加开头、结尾及必要的衔接句。

高三英语二轮复习考点精讲精练-书面表达

高三英语二轮复习考点精讲精练-书面表达

高三英语第二轮复习考点精讲精炼第17讲书面表达看图作文图表作文文字材料作文开放作文(延边F)写作方法指导(延边F)书面表达易错点分析综观近几年的高考英语发展势态:书面表达旨在训练学生对所学语言知识的实践应用,特别是测试学生的语言交际能力和语言知识的活用能力的必考题型,也是高考中重要且难度较大的题型,所占分值为25分,要在30分钟内写出80—100个词左右的短文。

从高考评卷及平时测验题,学生在做书面表达题时,得分率较低,卷面普遍存在的缺点:1.(延边F)文不对题(文体格式不规范);2.(延边F)离题太远(抓不到要点,该说的不说,不该说的说的太多);3.(延边F)词不达意(有的甚至用汉语标注或留空);4.(延边F)病句太多(时态、语态、人称、数等语法);5.(延边F)卷面不工整(字迹潦草、乱涂改、添插箭头满篇飞)。

(延边F)看图作文1.(延边F)(典型例题精选下面四幅图片描述的是,星期一早晨李华在上学路上经历的一件事。

请根据图片所提供的信息以第三人称用英语写一篇短文。

注意:(1)短文必须包括所有图片的主要内容,短文的内容要连贯、完整;(2)短文单词数:100左右(开头已给出的单词不计入单词总数)。

(延边F) [解析]本题是看图作文。

根据图画应把握以下要点:(1)等车;(2)车内情况;(3)图画中的插入语;(4)大家推车;(5)结尾的发挥。

One possible version:It was snowing heavily on Monday morning. Li Hua was at the bus stop, waiting for Bus No. 601 to go to school. Af- ter a while, a bus came and she got on it. There were many passengers in the bus. Some were talking and some were loo-king out of the windows. Suddenly the bus stopped. The driver turned around and said, ." Sorry. The bus has broken down. Please get off and help push "the bus. " When they heard this, Li Hua and the other passengers got off the bus. They worked hard together, pushing the bus slowly forward. Soon the bus was running again. All the passengers were smiling and the sun was shining.2.(延边F) (典型例题精选定你是李华,应英国朋友Bob的要求,写一封短信介绍你校图书馆的基本情况。

人教版 高考总复习 英语书面表达专题2

人教版  高考总复习  英语书面表达专题2

What I said is perfectly clear.
我说得十分清楚。
I felt totally exhausted by the time I got home.
我到家时累到了极点。
必修一
英语
高考总复习人教版
2.变换单词短语
英语短语层出不穷,变换使用不同的短语表达同一概 念是使英语书面表达精彩的又一招。例如: 表达“关于”之意,除了about,on,concerning等这 些单词外,还有多种短语,如as to, as for, as regards, in regards to,with respect to,in respect of/to, relation to,in terms of等。 in/with
The elephant is a bulky animal.
大象是庞然大物。 It is a colossal building. 这是一座巨大的建筑。 We must make massive efforts to improve things. 我们必须尽最大的努力来改善局面。 英语中也有十余个词可以表示“很”、“非常”的意
必修一
英语
高考总复习人教版
Some adults are hooked on computer games as well. 一些成人对电脑游戏也上瘾。
She has a passion for rock music.
她热爱摇滚乐。 She has a great enthusiasm for computers. 她热衷于电脑。
义。
必修一
英语
高考总复习人教版
She is very happy.她十分高兴。 I am terribly sorry.实在抱歉。

高三英语二轮复习专题六书面表达讲义

高三英语二轮复习专题六书面表达讲义

专题六书面表达应用文写作常见8大文体(一)——普通书信/电子邮件一、写作架构要规范英文电子邮件和普通书信的写法和格式大体相同,其开头、结尾常常都会给出,正文可根据作文要求分段把内容表达清楚即可。

具体写作结构为:二、靓点句式背一番(一)开头常用语1.I am very glad to have received the letter you sent me two days ago.我很高兴收到你两天前寄给我的信。

2.There is nothing happier to me than to receive your letter.再也没有比收到你的来信更让我开心的了。

3.Sorry to reply to your letter so late.抱歉这么晚才给你回信。

(二)主体部分常用语1.I’ve been thinking about the question you wrote in the letter. In my o pinion, you should ...我一直在思考你信中提到的问题。

在我看来,你应该……2.If necessary, we can arrange a face-to-face discussion sometime this week.如果有必要,本周我们可以找个时间安排一次面谈。

(三)结尾常用语1.I’d appreciate it if you could make a response at your earliest convenience.如果您能在方便时尽早回信,我将非常感激。

2.Expecting to hear from you as soon as possible.盼望能尽快收到你的回信。

三、润色完善很关键(2018·沈阳检测)假定你是高三学生李华,你的英国笔友Peter在邮件中询问你打算如何度过高三毕业后的暑假。

请你给Peter回复邮件,内容包括:1.对暑假的期盼;2.你的假期计划及理由。

高考英语专题复习——书面表达的常用句型24张

高考英语专题复习——书面表达的常用句型24张


1.沈从文的创作风格趋向浪漫主义, 他要求 小说的 诗意效 果,融 写实、 纪梦、 象征于 一体, 语言格 调古朴 ,句式 简峭、 主干突 出,单 纯而又 厚实, 朴讷而 又传神 ,具有 浓郁的 地方色 彩,凸 现出乡 村人性 特有的 风韵与 神采。

2.沈从文创作的小说主要有两类,一 种是以 湘西生 活为题 材,一 种是以 都市生 活为题 材,前 者通过 描写湘 西人原 始、自 然的生 命形式 ,赞美 人性美 ;后者 通过都 市生活 的腐化 堕落, 揭示都 市自然 人性的 丧失。
(原因)
3.It is such a big box .Nobody can move it.(结果) 4.We’ll go to the great wall .It’s fine tomorrow. (条件) 5.We should not go there all the time.
The place is quite pleasant.(让步)

4.不少评论家觉得沈从文擅长写景, 且晴朗 明澈, 但是缺 少深度 。也有 评论家 认为好 就好在 没有深 度,因 为没有 深度的 “看” 风景, 其实就 不为一 般的社 会价值 所局限 ,这样 也就抛 弃了自 以为是 的优越 感和置 身事外 的位置 ,而是 在宇宙 万汇的 动静之 中“看 ”。

He has found out why she was late.
I still remember the day .I first came to Beijing on that day.(when)
I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.
高考英语专题复习——书面表达的常 用句型2 4张

高考总复习英语专项训练 书面表达[十七套]

高考总复习英语专项训练 书面表达[十七套]

高考总复习英语专项训练书面表达[十七套]书面表达(一)在雅典奥运会上中国队共获得32枚金牌,其中刘翔的110米跨栏更是令世界为之关注。

请姓名刘翔性别男出生日期1983.7.13 出生地上海体重74公斤身高 1.88米个人爱好唱歌、电脑基本情况1.1999年3月入选上海市田径队,2000年8月入选国家青年队,教练是孙海平2.2002年,获亚运会及亚锦赛冠军3.2003年,在英国世界室内田径锦标赛中获60米跨栏第三4.2004年8月27日获雅典奥运会冠军,成绩是12”91,平世界纪录,打破奥运会纪录参考词汇:跨栏hurdle 亚锦赛Asian Championships---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------书面表达(二)下面是光明中学的示意图。

超实用高考英语专题复习:专题六 书面表达 通知类(含历年真题)——备战高考英语精选考点专项突破

超实用高考英语专题复习:专题六 书面表达  通知类(含历年真题)——备战高考英语精选考点专项突破

距离高考还有一段时间,不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生,愈是临近高考,能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节,态度是否主动积极,安排是否科学合理,能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战,其效果往往大不一样。

以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料,希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率,希望对你有所帮助,有志者事竟成!养成良好的答题习惯,是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。

做题前,要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项,并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时,切忌跟着感觉走,最好按照题目序号来做,不会的或存在疑问的,要做好标记,要善于发现,找到题目的题眼所在,规范答题,书写工整;答题完毕时,要认真检查,查漏补缺,纠正错误。

总之,在最后的复习阶段,学生们不要加大练习量。

在这个时候,学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式,最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。

英语最后的复习要树立信心,考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”,遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。

越到最后,考生越要回归基础,单词最好再梳理一遍,这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。

另附靠前30天复习方法。

体裁命题形式写作主题2022 新高考I卷应用文邀请信写邮件邀请外教进行一次访谈II卷应用文邀请信写邮件邀请外教进行一次访谈全国卷乙卷说明文投稿利用填表调查结果给报社投稿甲卷应用文投稿以世界海洋日为主题向英文征文比赛投稿2021 新高考I卷应用文投稿校刊youth庆祝十周年,向校刊表达自己经历,并送上祝福II卷应用文投稿校刊youth庆祝十周年,向校刊表达自己经历,并送上祝福全国卷乙卷应用文发言稿以“be smart online learners”为主题写一篇发言稿参赛甲卷应用文征求建议征求外国朋友建议,哪些中国传统文化更吸引外国友人2020 全国卷I卷应用文投稿写一篇以身边值得尊敬和爱戴的人为题投稿参赛II卷应用文日记写一篇英文短文介绍上周末采摘活动III卷应用文求助信给外教写一封信,请帮忙指导通知大多用来告知将要发生的事件,因此时态通常以一般将来时为主,可穿插使用一般现在时。

高考英语书面表达(写作)经典范文大全(14个类型)

高考英语书面表达(写作)经典范文大全(14个类型)

高考英语书面表达经典范文大全(14个类型)Part One: 提纲式作文:1. 假设你是一名新闻记者,请根据以下表格信息给英语报社写一篇新闻报道。

【参考范文】The H1N1 flu broke out in Mexico in April this year and it has spread to many countries in the world. To our disappointment, by the afternoon on August 30, 80 confirmed cases of H1N1 flu had been reported in a school in Henan province, resulting in the fact that all the middle schools there had to delay the new term. Fortunately, it is estimated by the experts that the death rate of the H1N1 flu virus is lower than 1%, still lower when compared with that of SARS and bird flu. The best way they give the public to prevent it is to wash hands more often, drink more water and have enough sleep. With the help of our government, we believe that we are able to win the battle against the disease.【好词好句】1. To our disappointment, 80 confirmed cases of H1N1 flu had been reported... , resulting in the fact that ....2. It is estimated by the experts that...when compared with...2. 据报道中国每年都会发生几十万起交通事故, 许多人都因此而丧生.请针对这一社会问题按以下要点写一篇短文。

高考英语 专题总复习精选书面表达

高考英语 专题总复习精选书面表达

高考英语专题总复习精选书面表达【·宝鸡一检】I still remember how nervously I was on my first day in the new school here years ago, when I found difficult to follow my teacher in the first English class. The teacher spoke English throughout the class, that was totally different from lessons I had taken before.In the morning class the next day, the English teacher came to me while I am reading the text aloud as other students. After listen to me for a while, she gave me a big smile and said he liked my voice very much. The smile shone on the whole day and the following days. A week later, I was volunteered to take charge of English study in my class. Thank to the comforting smile in my first morning class, I began to confident.【·抚顺六校联考】Behind my apartment, there was used to be a dirty and messy corner. Bits of plastic bags hanged on the trees. Broken bottles were left laying here and there. There was a damaging car in the center. The whole corner gave away an unpleasant smell. One year ago, we decided to turn it in a beautiful park. Since then, great changes have been taken place in that corner. All the rubbish have been cleared away. Flowers and young trees have planted all over. Now birds come here to sing, children come here to play, and adults come here to enjoy our peaceful life. It has taken on a new look.【·海口六校三联】Dear friends,It is real a good chance to have met all of you here. We have spent several precious weekend in learning in the English Club. Although we have been members for a short period of times, we have made a great progress. That is because we are all very much active and the activities are not only enjoyable and also helpful. Besides, the foreign teachers here work hard and try his best to make the activities lively and interested. I am very pleased to say that all of us greatly improved our spoken English so far. I am looking forward to see all of you again in the near future! 【·杭州一检】I have noticed that much of the fiction and nonfiction works publishing in Teen Magazine havea happy ending. While these are pleasantly to read, one has to ask how it is possible that there is so much optimism. I'm all for positive thinking, and readers should also be exposed by the darker side of life. Why publish a story about someone whose experiences a tragedy and gets nothing in return? After all, that’s life.Not every story have a happy ending. I think this would benefit from Teen Magazine’s readers to see both kinds: happy and real.【·焦作期末调研】Dear Mary,I’ve received your e-mail. Don’t worried about me. I’m getting on well with my research work in the lab. But in my surprise, you say you will give up learn English. The reason is because you have not done well in it recently and you have lose interest. I’m afraid I can’t agree with you.I know it is not easy to learn English, and it is widely used in the world today and it will be important tool in the future. Beside, it is becoming more and more important in our daily life. I am sure that if you study hardly, you will succeed. I’m looking forward to hearing a good news from you ! Yours,Li Hua【·许昌期末】One day Mark was walking in a valley with his pet dog, Zorro. All of sudden, Mark slipped and fall to the valley. He was so serious hurt that he lay in the stream, lost consciousness. Zorro hurried down and pulled him out the water. As Mark was wet and cold, the dog lay on top of him, trying to keep it warm. Unluckily, Mark was saved.This shows clearly that animals are our good friend and we should be friendly to them. Instead of killing or eat wild animals, we should do our best to protect them, especially these dying out. 【·锦州期末】Dear Sir,How are you? As a exchange student, I am writing to tell you I would prefer to move into a single room in next term, as I find it inconvenient to share a room with others. My roommate often held parties at night, made much noise. Besides, his friends are always visiting him, that disturbs me a lot. So I hope to draw your attentions to this problem. If you think in my position, I am sure he will agree that the only solution for me is get a room of my own, one not in the same building and as near to the school campus as possible. I would be gratefully if you could do me the favor.Best wishes.Yourssincerely,Li Ming【·宁波八校联考】When Mr. and Mrs. Smith went to theatre, they left their German dog to guard his home. When two burglars broke into and the burglar alarm rang, the dog was waiting for them. Unfortunately, one of the burglars was dog-lover,and he quickly made friends with it. While the alarm was ringing, but the burglars were stealing cash and jewelry, worth over $10,000, from a safe, the dog laid down in his basket and went to sleep. When the police arrived at twenty minutes later, the burglars had gone. The dog was proud guarding the empty safe. When the first policeman entered into the room, it immediately attacked him, tearing his trousers and bit him in the leg.【·宁波期末】I like riding my bike. Though it is not very new, but it is my best friend. I find very convenient to go anywhere with a bike. Riding gives me not only exercises but also pleasure. I use my bike almost in summer when the weather is warm and dry. It can be very pleasant in winter when it is cold and rain is pour down. It can also be very dangerous. Of course I will be very carefully on my bike. In fact, accidents are not the only problem. Once I went to bookstore on my mother’s bike to buy some books and come out to find the bike missing. Now I have two strong lock.【·山西考前训练】Several weeks ago, my parents were away for business, and I had to be all by me for two days. My parents start early that morning, and I got up soon after they left. The first one night I was scared, so I turned on all the light and kept them on the whole night. For fear of get up late the next morning, I put three alarm clocks near bed and set the alarms at 6:00, 6:10, and 6:15. In order to prove I could take care myself, I washed my own clothes, though I can wait for my mother to do it. I really felt proud of myself but thought I was a big girl.【·太原调研】After supper Liu Wei came and ask me to go and see a film with him. In our way to the cinema, we saw the little girl sitting by the roadside crying. We bought her a cake to stop her cry. When we asked she lived, she said she did not know. So we took him to the police station and asked the polices to take care of her. After that we went to the cinema. And when we got there, the movie was almost over. Although we missed the movie, but we felt very happy because we did a well deed. 【·温州十校期末联考】On Children's Day last year, our city held an interested activity, in which children and their parents play the rich and the poor. In the dinner, the rich could have more delicious food, but the poor could only have breads with porridge(粥). Parents both hoped to have the dinner for the poor with the children. They hoped that their children could be taught the lesson from the dinner. Now many people on the earth don't have enough food and clothes. Every day only one half the world could enjoy enough food. The activity was held make the families understand the differences from the poor and the rich and also to make the parents know that too much material life won't always do good to the children.【·豫南九校四联】My family and I have suffered a great many recently for the noise made by my neighbor’s friends. Let me take what happened last Saturday night for an example. When leave the house, they laughed and shouted good-bye to each other. Then they got into the cars and closed the car door loudly. To make things bad, someone must have been drunk and it take him a long while to get the car on the move. All the time we heard his engine made big noises. By the time when all the guests disappeared and the road became quiet, my family had all been wa ken up and it’s hard to go to bed again. And this is repeated almost every Saturday night. It seems that the only way out is to get out of this area.【·金华十校期末】Dear sir,Last year I buy a refrigerator in your store on Chang An Road. We all like shape of the refrigerator. And yesterday something went wrongly. It made a noise when turning on. At first it was low but gradually it become louder and louder. To make matter worse,it even stopped working. We all felt disappointing.I am writing to ask for help. Would you please find someone to repair it? I would be at home thisweekend. Please call me before you come to here. My telephone number is 66065531. Thank you very much.Li Ming。

2020年高考英语书面表达专项复习(带答案)

2020年高考英语书面表达专项复习(带答案)

2020年高考英语书面表达专项复习【名师精讲记叙文写作高分技巧,值得下载练习】考纲解读近几年高考题中,记叙文书面表达有以下特点:1)题材以书信、报道、启事、日记、介绍、欢迎词等为主要形式;2)体裁广泛,记叙文、说明文、夹叙夹议类、议论文等各种文体都有所涵盖;3)内容贴近学生生活。

记叙文书面表达要求学生根据写作材料中所列举提供的要点提示,写一篇短文。

话题类作文的要点提示简单,涉及面广,各个要点之间既有相互独立性又有相互之间内在的连贯性;有相关写作的要求和说明。

对于话题类作文,要做好谋篇布局,必须要准确审题,理顺关系,突出要点。

知识梳理真题透析:★【2018·北京卷】假设你是红星中学高三学生李华,请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序,写一篇英文周记,记述你们上周接待外国学生,带领他们体验中国茶文化的全过程。

注意:词数不少于60。

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【满分范文】Last week, we took the foreign students in our school to experience the authentictea culture, which turned out be to extremely rewarding.On arriving at the tea house, the foreign students were impressed by the uniquetea pots and tea cups. I gave them a vivid and informative introduction of tea culture,including its profound history, its rich variety, and the exquisite craftsmanship ofmaking tea with their interest greatly sparked, I then began to teach them how to maketea.In order to deliver a clear presentation, I slowly explained the traditionalprocedure of making tea in detail. Absorbed in every move of mine, the foreignstudents were once again amazed by this unique culture and they couldn’t help takin pictures from time to time.Next came the moment when I asked them to have a try themselves. Washing thetea pots, adding tea leaves, and pouring water into the cups, they followed my instructions and were really immersed in charming tea culture. The tea house witnessed a really enjoyable time for all of us.At the end of the activity, holding the tea bags in our hands, we took a picture to memorize the unforgettable day. It suddenly hit me that traditional culture like tea culture was of great charm and huge value. And I swelled with pride to spread our own culture to people all over the world.【审题指导】本文为图片介绍类作文,这类作文是根据给出的一幅或几幅图画所提供的信息写短文。

新课标 高考英语专题复习 书面表达

新课标 高考英语专题复习 书面表达
(二)高分三绝招 绝招一:在用词上下功夫 高考书面表达在词汇方面得高分的评分要求是:应用了较多的词汇;词汇方面有些许错误,但为尽力使用较高级词汇所致;具备较强的语言运用能力。所以要想得高分应遵循以下2个原则: 1、高级词汇优先原则:这里的高级词汇是指比较晚所学的,相对复杂的词汇。例如:
1)“我很害怕”。可说成I’m very afraid/ I’m very frightened/ I’m very scared. 最后一种肯定是最好的。 2)“他很聪明”可说成He is clever/ bright/ smart/ wise/ intelligent/ cute. 用smart/ intelligent/ cute 当然更好。 3)这个房子在芳草街的一栋楼上。 The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street 要是用situates 代替is,即属于高级词汇。 4)在周末我们要做很多作业。 At weekends, we have a lot of homework to do. 假如用endless 而不用a lot of ,则属于高级词汇。
4、招领启示/遗失启示
Lost October5, 2005 I was careless and lost my red long overcoat in the lecture room on the afternoon of 4th of this month……. Many thanks to the finder. Our classroom is in Room 206, Building2. Li Hua (Loser)
各类文章的格式: 1、书信格式
寄信人地址 收信人地址 寄信日期 Dear Mr. He, 正文 Yours, 签名

高考英语应用文写作要点(二)-2024届高三下学期英语作文复习专项

高考英语应用文写作要点(二)-2024届高三下学期英语作文复习专项
Yours sincerely, Li Ming
建议信 写作要点:
1、首段:说明写信背景和目的。
2、主体:阐述建议:1、2、3
3、尾段:表达希望
写作结构:
第一段:写信原因+写信目的
(1) I'm sorry to hear that you are having trouble fitting in your new school. Such problems are quite normal. Perhaps the following suggestions are helpful to you.
(4)My true gratitude is beyond the words’description. 我真挚的感 谢之情已经无法言表。
(5)Words fail to express my gratitude deep in my heart.无法用言 语表达我内心真诚的感谢之情。
(6)Please do not hesitate to let me know if there is anything I could do to pay you back.如果有什么我可以帮助你的,请不要 犹豫跟我说。
我希望你会认为这些建议有帮助/有益/可行。如果你有任何问题,请随时 和我联系。
(2) I sincerely hope these suggestions will be of use to you. Remember: where there is a will, there is a way.
我真诚地希望这些建议会对你有用。记住:有志者事竟成。
(5)I'm writing in reply to your last letter on how to speak English fluently and accurately.

高考英语 书面表达范文30套(打印版)

高考英语 书面表达范文30套(打印版)

高考英语书面表达范文30套1. Dear Tom, It ’s great to receive your email. Now I ’d like to tell you something that took place in my school yesterday. In the afternoon we held a growing-up ceremony for our coming 18-year-old birthday. At first we made an oath that as grown-ups we should have a sense of duty for our society form now on. Then we showed our thanks to our parents who had gone through hardships to bring us up and teachers who have been educating us patiently. And our teachers also gave us cards expressing their good wishes to us. Finally, we put on wonderful performances, singing and dancing. We learned a lot from the activity. I think it ’s very important for us. I will remember the day in my life .Yours,Li Hua2. Monday May 18, 2002 Fine This morning our teacher told us something about the Hope Project in class. She said, “Now in the countryside many children still can ’t go to school because of poverty. Can you help them?” After school, I went home. When I entered my room, I saw the little box in which I keep my pocket money. Though I wanted to buy a pocket recorder, I decided to send my money to the children who are eager to go to school. I began to write a letter to them at once. After finishing writing it, I went to the post office and posted all my pocket money with the letter together. I felt very happy today because I ’ve done a good deed.3. Last Sunday my classmates, Lin Tao, and I went to the bookstore. At a counter we noticed a foreigner was asking a man for help, but the man didn ’t know a word of English. So we went up to him and offered help. After knowing what he really wanted, we took him to the counter where tapes and disks of Chinese folk music are sold and gave him some advice on which to choose. With our help, the foreign guest got some music tapes. He gave his hearty thanks to us and left.Though it took us some time to help him, we were happy anyway.4. Yesterday I paid a visit to a model high school, together with my friend. It ’s very big with a beautiful fountain in the center of the schoolyard.We started our visit from the main building. First we went to the lab building where some students were doing experiments. Then we entered the lecture hall behind the lab building and saw many students listening to a lecture given by a professor. Opposite to the lecture hall was the art center. There we watched groups of students playing musical instruments. Finally we arrived at the playground at the far back of the school. Some boys were having a football game, which was so exciting that we couldn ’t help cheering for them.It was really an impressive visit.5. An Announcement Boys and girls, May I have (take) your attention, please. There will be a lecture at half past three on Friday afternoon. It ’s about “Information and English Study ”. And it will be given by Mr Li Ping who is a famous teacher from the English Department. There ’s sure to be something instructive and interesting. We can get more information from it, I think. And it will improve our English studies to a new stage. Anyone who wants to attend it can come to Room 206. Take notes and have a discussion after it. Please come here on time. That ’s all. 6. May I have your attention, please? As you know, our class will have a talk show on environment protection with Class One on May 4th. Before it takes place, we will invite Dr. Lil from Qinghua University to give us a talk on the environment problem and he will also tell us about the improvement in environment protection in recent years in Beijing.The report will begin at 2:00 pm on Wednesday, April 30th in the auditorium on the third floor in the classroom building. I ’m sure we can get enough information from his talk to make good preparations for the coming talk show. Everyone should be there on time, then listen to the report and make full notes at the same time.By the way, we will have a discussion after the report.That ’s all. Thank you.7. In my opinion, you are never too young to do things. For example, Tara Lipinski, the American ice skater, won an Olympic gold metal when she was fifteen. Pele, the great Brazilian soccer player, became a professional soccer star the same age as Tara Lipinski. And Mei Lanfang, a famous Chinese opera singer, first performed Beijing Opera when he was ten. Another example is Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, who started writing music at four. There are still more examples. Shirley Temple was a movie star at the age of three and Tiger Woods starts golfing when he was only ten months old!8. Advertisements appear everywhere in the modern society. When we walk along the street. We can see large advertisement boards with pretty girls smiling at you. In newspapers, we often see half of the pages covered with advertisements. We turn on the TV set and we see advertisements again. Whether we like it or not, they are getting their way into our life. Advertisements help us choose what we need and then we spend our money on it. They also guide us in finding suitable jobs. However, too many advertisements annoy us. And quite often, they give us false information.9. April 13, Sunday Fine Spring has come. Early in the morning, I went to Xiangshan Park for sightseeing with my parents. While walking around the park, we couldn ’t help admiring the beauty of nature. Of course we took a lot of pictures. However, I was quite disappointed to find some bad behaviour. Some people littered anywhere as they liked. Some even climbed up the trees and picked flowers. Although there were some signs warning people not to touch the lawn, still some people enjoyed themselves there. I hope that such bad behaviour will soon be got rid of and everybody will protect the environment.10. Dear Mary, I ’m glad to receive your letter again. You want to know something about what is going on in our school. In short, great changes have taken place since our school began to carry out the research-based learning. In the past, the teachers almost took up all the period, writing on the blackboard, explaining the points, and answering the questions raised by themselves. We students are the slaves of study. But now, we ’ve taken up most of the period, discussing the questions raised by the teachers or ourselves, exchanging our ideas, or solving the problems. We are now the masters of study. After class, we enjoy different kinds of activities instead of doing endless homework. We go to the library to read books, have sports on the playground and surf the Internet for various kinds of information. How happy we are now. Welcome to our school. Best wishes. Yours truly, Wang Ping 11. Nowadays, it is usual for students to find part-time jobs. This winter vacation, I worked as a waiter at a McDonald ’s. It was the first time that I had earned money by myself. With the money I could buy something I needed. I was quite excited about it. Now, as a result of a part-time job, I needn ’t ask my parents for money as before. I think it ’s helpful for astudent to know about the outside world and I also think that will help me to make preparations for the future job. I not only understand the value of money, but also know how to get along with others. In a word, I had a fruitful vacation. 12. Dear Editor, I ’m writing to tell you about our discussion we had on the afternoon of last Wednesday about the good and bad sides of setting off firecrackers during the Spring Festival. 20 boy and 20 girl students attended the discussion. As a result, 40% of them believe that setting off firecrackers certainly adds pleasure and joy to the festival. Therefore, it is a wonderful tradition. But another 40% of the students think that setting off firecrackers causes air and noise pollution, and what ’s more, it sometimes causes terrible accidents to us and to our property. The other 20 % have never thought about it or don ’t care a bit. In my opinion, …… Yours truly, Li Hua 13. Pollution A chemical factory lies near my home. The manager was criticized by the government because the pollution had harmed people ’s health, but he paid no attention. Then the factory was forced to stop production and the manager said angrily, “ Is there any fact that we have harmed people ’s health? In fact, we haven ’t.” Just then, a doctor came, with the result of the medical exam of the manager, saying the manager was suffering a lung cancer. It is very clear that the population has harmed not only to people ’s health but also the manager himself. He was realized the importance of keeping air clean. 14. Fire causes Fire, one of the most terrible killers in out modern society, is mainly caused by smokers, as can be seen from the graph.In 2002, thousands of fires happened in China. About 50% of them were caused by smokers who left cigarette-ends everywhere. 30% were caused by defective insulation and 20% by children playing with matches. No matter what type of the fire was, there was one thing in common: carelessness.We should warn children of the dangers of playing with matches. Workers should know the importance of good insulation to people ’s lives. Smoking should not be in public places. 15.Hi, Jason, You asked me about Yao Ming. Here is something I got when I searched the websites at home.Yao Ming, who is now 2.26 metres tall and 134kg in weight, was born in Shanghai on the 12th of September,1980. It is said he likes meat most and his favourite colour is blue. The man he respects most is late Premier Zhou Enlai and the one he believes in most is himself.He joined Shanghai basketball team in 1997 and became a member of China national team Shanghai won the champion of CBA and he was among the top players in the team. In the same year he went to the US and became Number One Overall in the NBA draft, which helped him join Houston Rockets. After many matches as well as struggles he now feels a little tired. Up to now he says he still hasn ’t got any further definite plan. 16. Dear Mr. Headmaster, I am writing this letter to tell you something about our canteen. There are many kinds of food in our canteen, and generally they are cheap. Some food is delicious. The dining environment has been improved, with the walls painted and some pictures posted up. The students are satisfied with the new look. But students are not given a proper helping of every dish. Also, as the number of the students continues to increase, there is not enough space for us to have meals there. As a result, many of us go out to have meals. All in all, there is still much room for improvement in food quality and service. Best regards, Sincerely yours, Li Ming 17. Students Like Optional Courses This term our school had offered more than 10 optional courses, from which students can choose. The courses are given from 3:30 to 5:00 every Tuesday afternoon.Students take great interest in the optional courses. Their favourites are computer, spoken English, arts and so on. They say they have got a great deal of practice and they have learned a lot that is not taught in textbooks. However, students hope more optional courses will be offered while their homework should be reduced. They suggest more trips and visits should be organized so that they can learn more about what is going on outside school. 18. About the discussion we ’ve had about whether China should devote major efforts to developing car industry, opinions are divided on the question. 60% of the students think China should fully develop car industry. They believe this will speed up the development of the national economy. More workers will be employed. With cars the people ’s life quality will be raised. They will save time and be more convenient in their life and work. On the other hand, 40% of them think China should control its car industry development. Otherwise, the city traffic will be even heavier and more traffic accidents will take place. At the same time, more land will be used for the new roads. What is more, air and noise pollution will become more serious. 19.Attention, please!I ’m going to give you a summary of today ’s discussion about whether we would go online in our spare time.Most students think they (we) can go online as much as possible in our spare time because we are free then. Through the Internet, they can gain plenty of the newest knowledge and the latest news at home and abroad. What ’s more, network offers them(us) a convenient way to communicate with each other. The Internet makes their lives outside class colourful and various.On the other hand, a few students partly agree to this idea. Going online is part of our daily life. They suggest a time limit. They ’ve found that more students are playing computer games instead of studying their lessons. There ’re few students who are often absent from school for days.20. Dear Tom,I felt terribly sorry to learn that both your parents had been killed in the September 11th Incident. In this incident the World Trade Centre, which used to be one of the tallest buildings in the world, was completely destroyed and thousands of people lost their lives. I ’m very angry about the terrorist activities. We are against all forms of terrorist activities and support the war against the terrorism. Don ’t be too sad. Don ’t lose heart. After all, the majority of the people in the world love peace. I hope you can recover from the sadness as soon as possible. Be sure to take good care of yourself. Best wishes. Yours, Xiao Fang 21. Ladies and gentlemen, Yesterday our teacher of English asked me to say something about pollution. Now, I give you my views on this vital question.As a matter of fact, the effects of industrial pollution are well known to everyone --- polluted air, polluted water and polluted earth. Though a great deal is already being done to control these effects, theproblem of pollution is still serious. Continued population increase, smog and chemical waste produced by factories and cars, not only threatens to exhaust our resources, but also pollutes our environment. We do need clean air, safe water and our children’s health.In my opinion, to solve the problem of pollution, everyone must refrain from polluting our environment. We should know that this is the duty of every individual, not that the government alone.22. Last week, we did research into how laid-off workers get their new jobs. We had a discussion in three groups and then began our research separately. Group One surfed on the Internet and learned that most of the laid-off workers had already got their new jobs. In the vocational training center, the students in Group Two were told that there were five training courses for laid-off workers. After training, they began working as repairers, cooks, typists, household workers and salespersons. The other students interviewed some laid-off workers who had got new jobs. A woman said, “With the help of the city government, I’ve found my job. …”What a great deal we’ve learned through the research.23. The Way to Keep HealthyIt’s very important for us to keep healthy in our everyday life. But how? Here is some advice for you to follow.First you should have a healthy diet. It’s a necessary to eat enough fresh fruit and vegetables, because they contain all kinds of vitamin that you need every day. But do not eat too much fat, such as cheese, butter or anything too fatty. Too many sweets can do harm to your teeth. So you had better not eat too many sweets or chocolates and keep off coffee.Good habits can help you keep fit. Doing regular exercise is certainly a good way to ensure your body is healthy. After a day’s work, an eight-hour sleep is needed. And avoid working toohard. Remember smoking can damage yourhealth, so never smoke.24. In today’s society, competitionand cooperation are equally important.People are cooperators in their life.They share information, naturalresources, human resources and manyother things. Cooperation is the wayto a happy life. At the same time theyare competitors. In competition, theylearn from their opponents, gaincourage and confidence. Withoutcompetition, science and technologywould not have been developed sorapidly. And without cooperation, theworld would be quite different.Cooperation and competition are liketwo sides of a person. They can’t beseparated.26.Dear Smith, How nice to hear fromyou again. You want to know somethingabout the Listening Part in ourEnglish Paper for the EntranceExamination of Colleges. I’d like togive you a brief introduction about ithere. There are two sections in thispart. The first one includes 5 shortdialogues. We can hear each for onceand then choose one out of the threeanswers to a question about thedialogue. The question and possibleanswers are on the paper. In Section2 there are 5 long conversations ormonologues, each of which may be heardtwice with 2 to 4 questions raisedabout it. The whole part, whichmainly tests our understanding ofspoken English, lasts about 20 minutes.We tick the answers on the paper firstand then copy them on the answer sheetby blackening the small brackets withA, B, or C with a 2B pencil.Best wishes.Li Hua27. One day, a little girl fell downontothe ground. At this time, the boy wentover and wanted to help her up, but hismother stopped him and said, “ Don’t do that , otherwise others will thinkit was you who knocked her down.”Another day the mother was surprisedto see that her son just let the fallenoil bottle be. And the son said to hismother. “ If I had straightened up thebottle, you would have thought you didit.”I disagree with what the motherdid in the picture. I think thatparents should let children know it isa pleasure to help others who are introuble. We live in the society, whichis a big family for all of us. We shouldcare for and help each other.28.How to Get Rid of the Pollution ofthe RiverOur school has formed a group of “Howto get rid of the pollution of theriver”. Now I would like to give oursuggestions of dealing with thesubject.First, we should make someinvestigation, turn to our teachersfor help and consult some experts. Wemay as well go to the Internet tocollect some information.Second, weshould hand in a report on the riverpollution and express our opinions tothe public.Third, we should, in groups,clean up the waste things on the riverduring the holidays, try to plant someyoung trees along the river and set upsome bulletion boards to warn peopleof protecting the surroundings.Withthese done, I think the pollution ofthe river will be reduced. Meanwhile,we can benefit a lot from theseactivities.29. Xiao Mao is a primary schoolstudent and he enjoys drawing verymuch.One day he went to the small woodsnot far from town to draw from nature,carrying a drawing board. He was gladto find a tree living although the resthad been cut down. “ Let me start workat once.” He thought and began to setup his board.Just then a strong youngman came with a big axe and got downto cutting the tree. Soon he cut itdown and pulled it away.When Xiao Maogot ready and turned back to draw, hefound the tree had disappeared.“Dearme! Where on earth is the tree?” XiaoMao wondered, very disappointedly.30.The United States of America is oneof the most developed countries in theworld. It lies between two greatoceans, the Atlantic to the east andthe Pacific to the west. Its neighborcountries are Canada on the north andMexico on the south.Washington is itscapital while the east coast city----New York is its biggest city, which isalso known as the “Big Apple”, wherethe United Nations’ buildingstands.The United States is made up of50 states, which covers over ninemillion three hundred and sixtythousand square kilometers and has apopulation of about two hundred andthirty millions, most of which areworkers.The earliest inhabitants inthe United States are Indians. As theUnited States of America is aimmigrant country, people often callit a “ Melting Pot”2007年英语高考模范短文背诵 [26篇]1]WHY SHOULD WE LEARN ENGLISH 为什么我们要学英文If you want to ask me why weshould learn English, my answer willbe simple and clear. Now let meenumerate the reasons one by one in thefollowing. In the first place,English has become an internationallanguage. If you know English, you vanmake a trip round the world withoutbeing misunderstood. In the secondplace, most valuable books,newspapers and magazines are writtenin English. If you wish (hope) to getknowledge, you must learn English.如果你要问我们为什么我们要学英文。

背诵50篇短文记住高考3500个单词---绝对经典系列

背诵50篇短文记住高考3500个单词---绝对经典系列

高三复习冲刺50篇短文搞定高考英语3500单词1. Fall in Love with English爱上英语Hiding behind the loose dusty curtain, a teenager pack ed up his overcoat into the suitcase. He planned to leave home at dusk though there was thunder and lightning outdoors. He had got to do this because he was tired of his parents’ nagging about his English study and did not want to go through it any longer. He couldn’t get along well with English and dislike d join ing in English classes because he thought his teacher ignore d him on purpose. As a result, his score in each exam never add ed up to over 60.His partner was concerned about him very much. She understood exactly what he wassuffer ing from, but entirely disagree d with his idea. In order to calm him down and settle his problem, she talked with him face to face and swap ped a series of learning tip s with him. The item s she set down helped him find the highway to studying English well.The teenager was grateful and got great power from his friend’s words. Now, he has recover ed from being upset and has fall en in love with English.有个少年躲在积满灰尘的松散窗帘后把大衣装入手提箱。

高考英语二轮复习考点学与练专题16 书面表达(讲)

高考英语二轮复习考点学与练专题16 书面表达(讲)

专题16 书面表达1.提示形式固定。

近几年的书面表达多是以“文字提纲”的方式呈现,要点明确,任务具体,结构清晰。

文字提示已成为高考书面表达的主要命题形式。

2.体裁注重应用。

近几年书面表达的体裁大都是应用文,应用文是人们日常生活中广泛使用的文体,它最突出的特点是它的实际应用性。

应用文包括很广,如书信、通知、日记、海报、便条、启事、请柬、电报、合同、稿件等。

应用文重在实用,语言规范,表达力求朴实、准确、简洁。

3.话题贴近学生生活。

近几年的书面表达都秉承了“让学生有话说”的原则。

内容来自于学生的实际生活或是学生关心的话题,贴近生活、贴近学生、贴近时代,题目设置的情景真实可信,符合学生的年龄特点,话题易于拓展,让每个学生都有话说,易于动笔。

一、内容解读提纲作文是高考书面表达的考查热点之一。

命题者把材料分割成信息块,用独立的文字信息表示出来。

这类题型中有较多的文字说明,对考生的表述思路有较明确的规定。

形式以书信、报道、通知、日记等为主,内容贴近学生生活。

二、能力解读根据《考试大纲》中对于写作的要求,提纲类作文要求考生能够灵活运用英语知识,根据相关信息将试题要求的要点完整地表述出来,力求准确、简洁、礼貌、规范。

这类题型的主要特点是:要点明确,范围具体。

考生极容易受中文提纲的制约,将书面表达变成翻译,造成语法结构和词汇使用上的单调。

要写好提纲式作文,应注意以下几点:1、细读提示,认真审题,把握体裁审题应包括:审体裁,高考书面表达题的体裁一般有记叙文、说明文和应用文等;审格式,特别注意掌握应用文(书信、通知、演讲稿等)的格式;定人称,根据命题内容需要,对人称进行合理的选择定位;定时态,英语的动词与汉语的动词用法有很大的差别,是考生常出错误的地方。

2、紧扣主题,组织要点虽然提纲作文的“要点”似乎已经定好了,但在认真审题,弄清楚题意的基础上,仍要逐个地、完美无缺地把内容要点列出来。

3、选词造句,初步成文在体裁明确、信息全面、要点清晰的基础上,根据要点和重点词汇的句法功能、句子的语法规则,按照提示或说明中所提供的事实和情节发展的顺序选词造句,然后将零散的句子排列成主谓一致、时态呼应、脉络分明、合乎逻辑、内容完整的短文。

超实用高考英语专题复习:书面表达-应用文——备战高考英语考试易错题(含命题分析)(解析版)

超实用高考英语专题复习:书面表达-应用文——备战高考英语考试易错题(含命题分析)(解析版)

专题18 书面表达应用文备战高考英语考试易错题(解析版)距离高考还有一段时间,不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生,愈是临近高考,能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节,态度是否主动积极,安排是否科学合理,能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战,其效果往往大不一样。

以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料,希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率,希望对你有所帮助,有志者事竟成!养成良好的答题习惯,是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。

做题前,要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项,并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时,切忌跟着感觉走,最好按照题目序号来做,不会的或存在疑问的,要做好标记,要善于发现,找到题目的题眼所在,规范答题,书写工整;答题完毕时,要认真检查,查漏补缺,纠正错误。

总之,在最后的复习阶段,学生们不要加大练习量。

在这个时候,学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式,最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。

英语最后的复习要树立信心,考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”,遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。

越到最后,考生越要回归基础,单词最好再梳理一遍,这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。

另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。

一易错题类型【易错题01】不一致1.主谓不一致When he have money, he often buys what he want to.【答案】have 改为has; want改为wants【错误分析】没有注重英语中谓语动词需要和主语保持时态,语态,人称和数的一致。

单纯的按汉语意思来翻译。

【写作思路】句子的核心谓语动词时刻保持人称一致,时态,语态合理运用,不可按汉语直译。

2.前后指代不一致We can also know the society by serving yourself.【答案】we 改为you; 或yourself改为ourselves【错误分析】句中人称代词we 和反身代词yourself指代不一致。

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