专业八级分类模拟425
大学专业英语八级模拟考试卷(带答案)
大学专业英语八级模拟考试卷PART ⅠLISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure what you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now listen to the mini-lecture. When it is over, you will be given THREE minutes to check your work.Questioning Techniques—AskingQuestions EffectivelyⅠ. Successful communications: asking the right questions—improving many communication skills: e.g.1)collecting better 12)strengthening 23)dealing with people effectively4)helping others to learnⅡ. Techniques of putting forward questions and their effectsA. Open questions— 3 long answers—helping develop open conversation—including more 4—knowing the other's viewsB. Closed questions—answers being short, factual—being good for testing understandings, drawing a conclusion, and for 5—being avoided for 6C. Funnel questions—focusing on one point for more details—helping witnesses 7 the scene—arousing the interest and increasing the 8 of the listenerD. 9 questions—asking an example to help with understanding—asking extra information to 10 what is being said—making sure to get the whole story and 11 information from othersE. Leading questions—leading the hearer to your way of thinking e.g. adding a personal appeal ; giving a choice between two 12—getting your 13 without imposing the hearerF. 14 questions—statements being in question form actually—making the listener slip into 15 with youSECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear TWO interviews. At the end of each interview, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interviews and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the choices.16、A. Distance themselves from the patient.B. Be direct and concrete.C. Use euphemisms to tell the patients what's happening to them.D. Hide the truth from the patient.17、A. You will die soon.B. The cancer has come back.C. You have a malignancy.D. Your liver has hypo-densities.18、A. Patients should be hided from all the information.B. Doctors make all the decisions themselves.C. The family of the patients make the decisions for the patients.D. Patients emphasize on autocracy.19、A. His experience with many cancer patients.B. His suffering of the mother's death.C. His conversation with a senior physician.D. His experience as an oncology trainee.20、A. Advertisements.B. Business talks.C. Entertainments.D. News.21、A. It produces a visual effect and makes the talk more dynamic.B. It makes the talk well delivered and more attractive to the audience.C. It helps the audience build their confidence and get involved in the talk.D. It helps the speaker get more chance of being employed.22、 A. It provides feedbacks to the talk. B. It can raise the audience's interest.C. It gives the presenter a logic mind.D. It amuses both the presenter and audience.23、A. Entertain the audience by telling jokes. B. Outline your main points to the audience.C. Find a clear and memorable conclusion.D. Say something that relevant to the subject.24、A. It is not as significant as the first and last parts.B. It is the least enjoyable part for every audience.C. It is a make-or-break moment for the presenter.D. It is memorable to most of the audience.25、A. Well arranged structures plus clear and enjoyable talking.B. A good start and a clear conclusion plus a detailed script.C. A long time explanation plus indulged audiences.D. A speech full of various anecdotes and analogies.PART ⅡREADING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are several passages followed by fourteen multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONEHistorians tend to date the birth of modern capitalism to the late sixteenth and early seventeen centuries, but to understand what actually occurred an important distinction must be made. Here are basically two types of capitalism: commercial and industrial. In commercial capitalism the capitalist is usually a merchant who invests money both in buying the raw material and in marketing the finished product one produced. In the case of wool cloth, for example, the merchant buys the raw wool; then either the merchant or the agent carries the wool to the artisans who spin, weave, and dye it in their shops or homes. They usually work by the piece and own or rent their equipment. When the cloth is finished, the merchant then sells the product; the merchant's profit lies in the difference between what the cloth cost to produce and the purchase price of the finished goods.This form of capitalism, with the merchant as capitalist, began in the Middle Ages and remained the dominant form for the production of industrial goods down to the eighteenth century. The economic boom of the sixteenth century did not significantly affect the way the goods were produced: what did change was the number of people engaged in producing. The production of industrial goods significantly increased in the sixteenth century because so many more independent producers were working for the merchant.Industrial capitalism, on the other hand, refers to investment in the modes or means of production. In this case the capitalist is not the merchant but the factory or mine owner. Investment in machines means more productivity per worker and more variety in products. In the sixteenth century a rapid surge in the amount of investment in machinery occurred in such areas as metalworking, glass making, paper production, coal mining and firearms manufacture. Although the output of goods provided by industrial capitalism climbed significantly after 1550, until the end of the eighteenth century commercial capitalism was responsible for most of the industrial production of Europe.PASSAGE TWOFrom a hillside, Kamal Saadat looked forlornly at hundreds of potential customers, knowing he could not take them for trips in his boat to enjoy a spring weekend on picturesque Oroumieh Lake, the third largest saltwater lake on earth, which now lay encased by solidifying salt. Saadat lamented that he could not understand why the lake was fading away.The long popular lake, home to migrating flamingos, pelicans and gulls, has shrunken by 60 percent and could disappear entirely in just a few years—drained by drought, misguided irrigation policies, development and the damming of rivers that feed it.Until two years ago, Saadat supplemented his income from almond-and grape-growing by taking tourists on boat tours. But as the lake receded and its salinity rose, he found he had to stop the boat every 10 minutes to unfoul the propeller—and finally, he had to give up this second job that he'd used to support a five-member family. The visitors were not enjoying such a boring trip, for they had to cross hundreds of meters of salty lakebed just to reach the boat from the wharf.Other boatmen, too, have parked their vessels by their houses, where they stand as sad reminders of the deep-water days. And the lake's ebbing affects an ever-widening circle.The receding water has also weakened hotel business and tourism activities in the area, and planned hotel projects remain idle since investors are reluctant to continue.Beyond tourism, the salt-saturated lake threatens agriculture nearby in northwest Iran, as storms sometimes carry the salt far afield. Many farmers worry about the future of their lands, which for centuries have been famous for apples, grapes, walnuts, almonds, onions, potatoes, as well as aromatic herbal drinks, candies and tasty sweet pastes.Official reports blame the drying mainly on a decade-long drought, and peripherally on consumption of water of the feeding rivers for farming. They put 5 percent of the blame on construction of dams and 3 percent on other factors.The first alarm over the lake's shrinking came in late 1990s amid a nagging drought. Nonetheless, the government continued construction of 35 dams on the rivers which feed the lake; 10 more dams are on the drawing boards for the next few years. Also completed was a lake-crossing roadway. No environmental feasibility study was done in the planning for the road, and environmentalists believe the project worsened the lake's health by acting as a barrier to water circulation.In April, the Iranian government announced a three-prong effort to save the lake: a cloud-seeding program to increase rainfall in the area, a lowering of water consumption by irrigation systems, and supplying the lake with remote sources of water.Some experts termed the weather control portion of the program as only a "symbolic action" by government, saying the best answer would be to release more water currently being held back by dams. The evaporation rate has been three times the rainfall rate, making the rivers' historic role vital to sustaining the lake.In the green and beautiful city of Oroumieh, famous for peaceful coexistence between Azeri people, Kurds, Armenians, Assyrians as well as Muslims and Christians, talk about the fate of the lake is common among ordinary people in teahouses and on the streets. Some express happiness with the government decision to manipulate clouds in hopes of increasing rainfall. However, many locals called the cloud-seeding plan "a show", and the water held back by those dams was the solution.Beyond the debates by national and local authorities some folks here suggest another way Oroumieh could be saved. A local legend says wild purple gladiolas have had a miraculous role in doing just that. The flowers have grown every year for a thousand years in the spot where a princess of Oroumieh was killed as she warned the people of the city about an invading enemy. As a recent sunset turned the lake golden, Kamal the boatman tried to find some hope in the returning blossoms."You see, still wild purple gladiolas are appearing in the spring," he said. "The city and its lake can eventually survive."PASSAGE THREEEvery silver lining has its cloud. At the moment, the world's oceans absorb a million tonnes of carbon dioxide an hour. Admittedly that is only a third of the rate at which humanity dumps the stuff into the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels, but it certainly helps to slow down global warming. However, what is a blessing for the atmosphere turns out to be a curse for the oceans. When carbon dioxide dissolves in water it forms carbonic acid. At the moment, seawater is naturally alkaline—but it is becoming less so all the time.The biological significance of this acidification was a topic of debate among scientists. Many species of invertebrate have shells or skeletons made of calcium carbonate. It is these, fossilized, that form rocks such as chalk and limestone. And, as anyone who has studied chemistry at school knows, if you drop chalk into acid it fizzes away to nothing. Many marine biologists therefore worry that some species will soon be unable to make their protective homes. Many of the species most at risk are corals. The end of the Permian period, 252m years ago, was marked by the biggest extinction of life known to have happened on Earth. At least part of the cause of this extinction seems to have been huge volcanic eruptions that poured carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. But some groups of animals became more extinct than others. Sponges, corals and brachiopods were particularly badly hit.Rather than counting individual species of fossils, which vary over time, paleontologists who study extinction usually count entire groups of related species, called genera. More than 90% of Permian genera of sponges, corals and brachiopods vanished in the extinction. By contrast, only half of the genera of mollusks and arthropods disappeared.This is because mollusks and arthropods are able to buffer the chemistry of the internal fluids from which they create their shells. This keeps the acidity of those fluids constant. Sponges, corals and brachiopods, however, cannot do this.The situation at the moment is not as bad as it was at the end of the Permian. Nevertheless, calculations suggest that if today's trends continue, the alkalinity of the ocean will have fallen by half a pH unit by 2100. That would make some places, such as the Southern Ocean, uninhabitable for corals. Since corals provide habitat and food sources for many other denizens of the deep, this could have a profound effect on the marine food web.No corals, no sea urchins and no who-knows-what-else would be bad news indeed for the sea. Those who blithely factor oceanic uptake into the equations of what people can get away with when it comes to greenhouse-gas pollution should,perhaps, have second thoughts.PASSAGE FOURTransplanting organs brings life to the dying. But most donor organs are harvested from the dead. Shortfalls in the number of volunteer donors, the difficulty of gaining the consent of grieving relatives, and a reduction in most countries of the rate of fatal road accidents (the most reliable source of healthy organs), mean that there is a constant lack of them. Thousands die each year while on waiting lists for transplants. Researchers have, therefore, long sought ways to boost supply.One idea is to harvest animal organs. That is less mad than it sounds. A liver, a kidney or a cornea does the same job, regardless of species. And it works. In 1984 an American child lived for three weeks after receiving a baboon heart intended as a stopgap until a human donor could be found (unfortunately, one was not found in time). Conversely, human organs have been transplanted into animals for the purpose of research. Earlier this year, for example, a paper in the American Journal of Transplantation described moving kidneys from human fetuses into rats.Until now, though, two technical problems have stood in the way of routinely transplanting animal organs into people. One is that the recipient's immune system must be persuaded to tolerate a big chunk of foreign tissue. The other is that swapping tissues between species risks swapping diseases, too. This second problem may soon be addressed, if George Church of the Harvard Medical School has his way. For, as he and his colleagues describe this week in Science, genetic engineering can now be used to eliminate one of the most worrying types of pathogen that might be spread via transplants.The animal most commonly suggested as a donor is the pig. Pigs are roughly the size of human beings. They are reasonably well understood. And millennia of experience mean they are easy to breed. But they are not perfect. In particular, their DNA is full of retroviruses, known specifically as porcine endogenous retroviruses, or PERVs. The genes of these viruses hitch a lift from one pig generation to another as an integral part of the porcine genome, whence they can break out and cause infection. And tests in laboratories suggest that, given the opportunity, they can infect human cells as well. The existence of PERVs, then, has been one of the main obstacles to transplanting pig organs into people.Dr Church and his colleagues thought PERVs ideal candidates to test the mettle of one of the rising stars of biotechnology, CRISPR/Cas9. This is a gene-editing technique derived from bacteria, which use it as a sort of immune system. In nature, it recognises specific sequences of viral DNA and chops the DNA molecule apart at these points, protecting the bacterium from harm. Tweaked a bit in the laboratory, it can be made to recognise any DNA sequence and do likewise. This permits specific stretches of DNA to be deleted from genomes, and also allows new stretches to be inserted into the gap thus created.Dr Church and his fellow researchers analysed the genetic sequences of one family of PERVs, with a view to attacking them with CRISPR/Cas9. They found that the sequence of the gene which lets the virus integrate itself into its host's DNA is the same from one strain of virus to another. That allowed them to program aCRISPR/Cas9 system to look for this particular sequence and chop it out of the genome.The porcine kidney cells Dr Church used for his experiments had 62 PERVs embedded in their genomes. He and his colleagues tested their molecular scissors on several lines of these cells. In the most responsive, they managed to stop out all 62 copies of the integration gene.Since PERVs rely on this gene to infect human cells as well as porcine ones, deleting it should stop them jumping into human hosts. Sure enough, tests in Petri dishes showed that the modified pig cells did not infect human cells grown alongside them. And, despite the extensive edits made to their DNA, those pig cells seemed unharmed by the procedure.A single paper does not make a new medical procedure. In particular, the editing would need to be done to sex cells, or their precursors, if actual lines of "clean" pigs were to be bred for use as organ donors. But this is still a striking result. Not only does it demonstrate that it is possible to cleanse animal cells of unwanted viral passengers, thus helping remove one of the big barriers to cross-species organ transplants; it also shows the power of a genetic-engineering technique that has existed for only three years. However, the popularity of such techniques waxes and wanes. This year's favourite can be next year's also-ran. For now, though, CRISPR/Cas9 is on a roll.26、The phrase "work by the piece" in the first paragraph means ______.(PASSAGE ONE.A. mass productionB. efficient productionC. small-scale productionD. full production27、The first paragraph of this passage is mostly about ______.(PASSAGE ONE.A. products produced under industrial capitalismB. how commercial capitalism operatesC. how industrial capitalism operatesD. the economic boom of the sixteenth century28、According to the passage, commercial capitalism dominated the European economy until the ______.(PASSAGE ONE.A. Middle AgesB. sixteenth centuryC. beginning of the eighteenth centuryD. end of the eighteenth century29、The ebbing of the Oroumieh Lake does NOT affect ______.(PASSAGE TWO)A. the locals' second jobB. agricultureC. the salt productionD. hotel business and tourism activities30、The author's attitude towards the three-prong effort announced by the Iranian government is ______.(PASSAGE TWO)A. favorableB. ambiguousC. criticalD. reserved31、Kamal's words at the end of the passage imply that ______.(PASSAGE TWO)A. purple gladiolas were found around the lakeB. purple gladiolas could save the lakeC. the locals hoped the lake would not diminishD. the locals were sure of the lake's survival32、The message the author attempts to convey throughout the passage is that ______.(PASSAGE TWO)A. the Oroumieh Lake is in dangerB. the home to migrating animals is vanishingC. humans' behavior is harmful to natureD. local tourism business has been hurt33、The sentence "Every silver lining has its cloud" in the first paragraph probably means ______.(PASSAGE THREE.A. there is always a difficult side to a hopeful situationB. there is always a comforting side to a sad situationC. there is always a chink of light before the sun comes pouring inD. visible water vapor floating in the sky can join up to make a silver line34、The word "brachiopod" in the third paragraph means ______.(PASSAGE THREE.A. a kind of invertebratesB. a kind of marine mammalsC. a kind of colonial plantsD. a kind of aquatic vertebrates35、Which category of writing does the passage belong to?(PASSAGE THREE.A. Narration.B. Description.C. Persuasion.D. Exposition.36、The best title for the passage is ______.(PASSAGE THREE.A. Global WarmingB. Sour TimesC. Carbon DioxideD. Ocean Acidity37、Which of the following factors did NOT partially cause the shortage of donor organs?(PASSAGE FOUR)A. There is a decreasing number of volunteer donors.B. It's hard to gain the consent of grieving relatives of the dead.C. The rate of fatal road accidents is reducing.D. The number of healthy organs is decreasing.38、What does the word "swap" mean in the third paragraph?(PASSAGE FOUR)A. Exchange.B. Insert.C. Delete.D. Cure.39、Which of the following statements about CRISPR/Cas9 is true?(PASSAGE FOUR)A. It is a sort of immune system.B. It can be used to generate new genes.C. It can be used to edit genes by deleting specific stretches of DNA.D. It will help to remove all barriers in cross-species organ transplants.40、SECTION B SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are eight short-answer questions based on the passages in SECTION A. Answer each question in NO more than 10 words in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.What is the main idea of this passage?(PASSAGE ONE.41、In the eyes of many locals, what is the best way to save the Oroumieh Lake?(PASSAGE TWO)42、What does the word "alkaline" mean in the first paragraph?(PASSAGETHREE.43、Why are corals crucial to deep-sea ecosystems?(PASSAGE THREE.44、What is the author's main purpose of writing this passage?(PASSAGE THREE.45、What caused the death of the American child in 1984?(PASSAGE FOUR)46、Why are pigs most commonly suggested as organ donors?(PASSAGE FOUR)47、How does the author feel about the paper written by George Church and his colleagues?(PASSAGE FOUR)PART ⅢLANGUAGE USAGEThe passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided atthe end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a "∧" sign and write the wordyou believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash "—" and put the word in the blankprovided at the end of the line.During interpretation, short-term memory operations occurcontinually. Some are due to the lag between the moment speech 48sounds heard and the moment they are interpreted: 49phonemic segments may have to be added up in memory and 50analyzed when they allow identification of a word or phoneme. To 51take only one example, when spelling an unknown foreign nameand saying "D as in Denmark," the phonetic elements carrying"D" may have to be held in memory until the word "Denmark" isrecognized, which in turns makes it possible to recognize it as a 52D opposed to a T. Other short-term memory operations are 53associated with the time it takes to produce speech, during whichthe idea or information to be worded is presented in memory. Still 54others may be due to specific characteristics of a given speaker orspeech: if the speech is unclear because of its logic, informationdensity, unusual linguistic structure, or speaker's accent,interpreters may wish to wait for a while before reformulating it(in simultaneous)or taking notes (in consecutive), so as to havemore time and a large context to deal with the comprehension and 55reformulation problems.Clearly, short-term memory operations fall under thecategory of automatic operations because they include the storage 56of information for later use. One might add that storedinformation changes both from one speech to another or during 57every speech as it unfolds, and that both stored informationquantities and storage duration can vary from moment tomoment, so that there is little chance for repetition of identicaloperations with sufficient frequency to allow automation of theprocesses.PART ⅣTRANSLATIONTranslate the following text from Chinese into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.58、“干什么的?”老太太问。
大学英语考试专业英语八级TEM8模拟题2020年_真题(含答案与解析)-交互(425)
大学英语考试专业英语八级TEM8模拟题2020年(104)(总分100, 做题时间155分钟)翻译题1.我们对足球有着更深的理解。
SSS_TEXT_QUSTI分值: 4答案:We possess a deeper understanding of football.understanding在英语中是可数名词。
2.他的情形跟我不同。
SSS_TEXT_QUSTI分值: 4答案:His case is quite different from mine.本句实际上是“他的情形和我(的情形)不同”的省略说法，be different from 前后连接的事物应为同一性质，故不能直接按汉语的表达逐字翻译。
3.那地方像海南岛的冬天那么温暖。
SSS_TEXT_QUSTI分值: 4答案:The place is as warm as Hainan Island in winter.在“be as…as…”的比较句式中，相比的应是同类事物。
不能用place跟winter比较。
4.她父亲决不赞成她嫁给这样一个穷人。
SSS_TEXT_QUSTI分值: 4答案:Her father will never approve of her marrying such a poor man. approve一词在此处是不及物动词，常与of连用。
5.我的工作是负责旅客安全。
SSS_TEXT_QUSTI分值: 4答案:My job is to help ensure the passenger's safety.原译按照中文直译，但in charge of的行为主体应该是“人”，不能是“工作”。
此外，in charge ofone’s safety的说法也不妥。
6.中国的风景很美。
SSS_TEXT_QUSTI分值: 4答案:The scenery of China is very fine.scenery是集合名词，不可用复数。
专业八级模拟题.docx
专业八级・1024(总分105,考试时间90分钟)PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION AIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE after the mini-lecture. Use the blank sheet for note taking. Now listen to the mini-lecture ・Writing Experimental ReportsL Content of an experimental report, e. g ・一 study subject/area—study purpose -- (1)一 providing details—regarding readers as (2)III. Structure of an experimental report—feature ： highly structured and (3)一 sections and their content: INTRODUCTION (4) : why you did itMETHOD how you did itRESULTS what you found out (5) what you think it showsIV. Sense of readership一 (6) : reader is the marker (7) : reader is an idealized, hypothetical, intelligentperson with little knowledge of your study —tasks to ftilfillin an experimental report:—introduction to relevant area—necessary background information—development of clear arguments—definition of technical terms一 precise description of data (8)V. Demands and expectations in report writing一 early stage:understanding of study subject/area and its implications一 basic grasp of the report's format——later stage:一 (9) on research significanee一 things to avoid in writing INTRODUCTION:—inadequate material一 (10) of research justification for the study1.该题您未冋答:X 该问题分侑：1答案:study result/findings ［听力原文］1-10Writing experimental reportsGood morning, everyone. Today well discuss some preliminaries concerning how to write(1) ______ ⑵ _____ (3) _____ ⑷ ______ (5) _____ (6) ______ ⑺ ______ (8) _____ (9) _____ (10) _____experimental reports. When you first signed up for a course in university like a psychology course, chances are that you didn't really expect what was coming in your study, particularly the course emphasis on methodology and statistics. For a few of you, this may have come as a pleasant surprise, provided that yoifvc already known something about the course・ For most, however, I dare say it will undoubtedly have been a shock to the system. No doubt in other parts of your course study T you will read books and journals examining critically models in theories, assumptions and hypothesis put toward by scholars and specialists. My task today is to help you understand some of the important features of the experimental reports, because you will have to write up some kind of report of this nature if your course gives prominence to practical work, especially experimenting・(1) Then what is an experimental report? All report is, really, is the place in which you tell the story of your study, like what you did, why you did it, what you found out in the process and so on. In doing this, you are more like an ancient story teller, whose stories were structured in accordanee with widely recognized and long established conventions than the modem novelist who is free to dictate form as well as content. Moreover, like the story teller of old, although you will inevitably be telling your story to someone who knows quite a bit about it already, you are expected to present it as if it had never been heard before. (2)This means that you'll need to spell out the details and assume little knowledge of the area on the part of your audience・Then perhaps you may ask what is the nature of the conventions governing the report. A clue I think can be found in its basic structure. (3)A highly structured and disciplined report is written in sections, and the sections by and large follow an established sequence. What it means is that, in the telling your story is to be cut up into chunks・ Different parts of the story are to appear in different places in the report. (4)What you did and why you did it appear in the section called introduction. How you did it is in the method section, and what you found out is in the result section. And finally, (5)vvhat you think it shows appears in the discussion part. As you can say, the report therefore is a formal document composed of series of sections in which specific information is expected to appear. We will discuss the precise conventions governing each section as wc go along, for example, what arc the subsections in the method.But today, I will introduce to you certain general rules straight away. The first of this concerns: the person to whom you should address your reports whom I should call your reader・(6)A very common mistake, especially early on, is to assume that your reader is the person who will be marking the report.(7) In reality, however, the marker will be assessing your report on behalf of someone else, an idealized, hypothetical person who is intelligent but unknowledgeable about your study and the area in which you took place・ Your marker will, therefore, be checking to see that you have written your report with this sort of reader in mind, (8)so you need to make sure that you have, 1) introduced the reader to the area relevant to your study; 2) provided the reader with the background necessary to understand what you did and why you did it; 3) spelt out and developed your arguments clearly; 4) defined technical terms and 5) provided precise details of the way which you went about collecting and analyzing the data that you obtained .In short, you should write for someone who knows little about your area of study, taking little for granted about your reader's knowledge of your area of study ・ So when in doubt, spell it out.This is my advice to you, If you find this difficult to do, then the useful approach is to write the report as if it will be read by someone you know, who is intelligent but unknowledgeable about your subject, a friend of yours say. Write it as if this pers on were going to have to read and un dersta nd it. Indeed, it is a good idea, if you can, to give just such a person to read your report before hand it in. The dema nds and expectatio ns placed upon you, will of course, vary with your experience of report writing. Early on in your study, as the author of the experimental reports, less will be expected of you than latter. At this early stage, you will be expected mainly to show that you understand what you did in your report and its implications, together with evidence that you have, at least a basic grasp of the demands of the report's format. (9)Later on, however, you will be expected to pay more attention tothis research significance of what you did. The "why you did it" part will become more important because in being responsible for the choice of the topic and design, you will be expected to be able to justify this choice• So you must be able to tell us why it is that gave the options available to you, you decided to conduct your particular study. You will need, therefore, to develop the habit of thinking about how the ideas that you are entertaining for your experiment or study will look in the report, pay particular attention to how they will fit into the part of introduction.Specific dangers that you must watch out for here are, (lO)first, a lack of adequate material to put in the section, and second, the undertaking of a project that lacks any research justification because it is based on the assumptions that are contradicted by existing findings in the area ・ Thin king clearly in advance will help you to avoid making these mistakes.Ok, today, we've had a brief look at the format of an experimental report, what each section is about and some of the basic issues like reader awareness, so on and so forth. Next time，we will discuss how to write up the introductio n sect io n.2.该问题分值:1 答案:unknovvledgeable audiences3.该题您未冋答:x该问题分值:1答案:disciplined4.该题您未冋答:x该问题分值：1答案:what you did5.该题您未回答:x该问题分值:I答案:DISCUSSION该题您未冋答:X6.该题您未冋答:x 该问题分fft: 1答案:a common mistake7.该题您来冋答:x 该问题分值：1答案:in reality8.该题您未冋答:x 该问题分们I: 1答案:collecting and analyzing9.该题您未冋答:x 该问题分值：1答案:focus/cmphasis10.该题您未冋答:x 该问题分值：1答案:lackSECTION B11.Which of the following factors is NOT mentioned by Edward in choosing the location1' of a house? A・Way of life one enjoys leading.B.Proximity to the work place.C.Convenienee of other family members.D.Distance from relatives and friends.A B C D该题您未冋答:x 该问题分值：1答案:D[听力原文]1-5W: Today I'd like to welcome Edward Fox, a seasoned real-estate age nt, who is going to talk to us about buying a house・ Hello, Edward, good to see you.M: Hello.W: Now Edward, I think for most people buying a house is a major life event, and probably the single most expensive item they are ever likely to buy. What precautions do they have to take before a real purchase? Can you give some suggestions?M: You are right in saying buying a house costs a lot. But as to me, the most important thing to consider before buying any property is the location.W: Location?M: Right. Because it is where you plan to spend a large part of your lifb. O匚indeed, the rest of your life in some circumstances.「l]Therefbre, consider the type of lifb you enjoy leading. If you are a very sociable person who enjoys nightclubs and discos, you may consider something close to a city. Anyway, a city is convenient for all types of nightlife.W: Then, for those who like to seek a quiet life, do you recommend a house in the countryside?M: Well, countryside is a tranquil place. [1 [However」do remember that proximity to the place of work also counts. [2]Indeed、we spend most of our lifb at work and you don't want to have to spend two or more hours every day traveling to work、do you?W: Absolutely.M: Therefore, transport is of the utmost importa nee.」2]City suburbs, however, are ofte n conveniently located fbr commuting to work, or for shopping, without being in the heart of a busy city. W: But houses in the suburbs are far more expensive than those in cities.M: [3 ]They seem to bc, but actually houses located in cities can often exceed the price of suburban houses、so check out the prices. You may be surprised.W: Really? So we should consider our place of work and personality in choosing the location. Is that so? M: I'm afraid you have to take family into con sideration as well. You may prefer a house that is away from a busy street or main road. And of course, remember that children have to attend school. If you have children, or you plan to have children, location is a very important factor. And of course, [1 [remember that a family influences the size of the DroDcrty・W: Oh, I see. How many types of houses can we choose?M: There arc various types of houses・ The first is called detached houses, which stand alone, and arc not joined by another building. The n there are semi-detached houses, which are the most comm on. This is because they are, in fact, two houses joined together, and therefore take up less space・ And there are town houses, too, which are many houses joined together to form a long row. But 1 don't think that town houses arc less expensive than semi- detached houses・ They rarely arc. [3]This is because they are usually built in cities where the price of the property is very expensive・ W: Then what about old houses? They must be cheaper than new ones.M: Maybe they are. But if the house is too old, you may be faced with expe nsive repairs and renovation bills. |~4]So have a house thoroughly checked by a professional surveyor befbre you decide to buv.W: I agree. It's economical to buy old houses only when they arc in good condition. By the way, a lot of property has a garden attached to it. Do you think it's a good choice?M: Ifs true that a lot of property has a garden .If you enjoy gardening, thafs fine. But if you don't enjoy gardening then you may prefer a small garden, as opposed to a big one. But even if you do enjoy gardening it is important to remember that gardens take up a lot of your time. So keeping a garden in good order may be very difficult if you work long hours・W: You are quite right. Any other suggestions?M: |~5]One final thing is the general fbel of the place・ Does it have a good atmosphere? And most important of all would YOU fbcl comfbrtablc living there?W: Edward, I never knew I had to consider so many things while buying a house・ Thank you very much for talking with us.M: My pleasure・12.According to Edward, which of the following is CORRECT?A.A sociable person is suitable to live in the city suburbs・B.Suburban houses are more expensive than houses in cities.C・ City suburbs are conveniently located for commuting to work.D. City suburbs arc popular among the young gcncration.A B C D该题您未冋答:x 该问题分值：1答案:C13.Why are the town houses rarely less expensive than semi -detached houses?A.Because they are usually built on expensive property.B.Because they take too much space in cities・C.Because they have larger room for price to go up.D・ Because they are built luxuriously and elegantly.A B C D该题您未冋答:x 该问题分侑：1答案:A14.If you decide to buy an old house, you'd betterA.have a professional surveyor check it thoroughly.B.have the owner repair and renovate it thoroughly.C・ find out the remaining life expectancy of the house・D.check all things yourself to make sure they work well.A B C D ~该题您未冋答:x 该问题分值：1答案:A15.What is Edward's idea about the size of a garden attached to a house?A.The bigger, the better.B.The smaller, the better.C・ It depends on the owner's preferenee and time・D・ It depends on the size of the house・A B C D该题您未冋答:x 该问题分值：1答案:CSECTION CA B C D 该题您未冋答:x ［听力原文］The United States has strongly criticized the broadcast of previously unseen images of alleged prisoner abuse at Abu Ghraib Prison in Iraq. The images, which show prisoners apparently being tortured and humiliated, have been shown on television stations across the world. The American Defense Department confirmed the authenticity of the pictures, but said releasing them could only serve to incite unnecessary violence・ The American authorities arc very unhappy that these new disturbing images from Abu Ghraib have seen the light of day. The State Department has dismissed them as disgusting and defended the US government's decision to try and stop their publication・17.Salman Rushdie is _____ by origin.A.BritishB. AmericanC.IndianD. IranianA B C D该题您未冋答:x 该问题分值：1答案:C［听力原文］9-10President Clinton has met at the White House with British author Salman Rushdie, who has been under a death sentence issued by Iran for his book Satanic Vcrscs.White House officials confirm the President met briefly with Mr Rushdie, Wednesday .It was their first such meeting. A White House official, who was asked not to be identified, said the Indian・bom author spent just under an hour here・ He said U. S. officials assured Mr Rushdie the administration supports freedom of expression and he reiterated the U. S. call for Iran to lift its death edict against Mr Rushdie・ At the same time the U・ S・ official pointed out the U.S. call on Iran should not be misinterpreted as opposition to Islam but opposition to intolerance and state-supported murder. Mr Rushdie has been in hiding for four years but appeared unexpectedly at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology to receive an honorary post as visiting Professor of the Humanities. Iran has charged Satanic Verses is blasphemous・考杳学生对新闻屮Indian-born和试题屮by origin的理解。
英语专业八级模拟试题练习例题
英语专业八级模拟试题练习例题英语专业八级模拟试题练习例题英语专业八级模拟试题In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of fifteen multiple-choice questions. Read the passages carefully and then write your answers on the space given.A magazines design is more than decoration, more than simple packaging. It expresses the magazines very character. The Atlantic Monthly has long attempted to provide a design environment in which two disparate traditions -- literary and journalistic -- can co-exist in pleasurable dignity. The redesign that we introduce with this issue -- the work of our art director, Judy Garlan -- represents, we think, a notable enhancement of that environment. Garlan explains some of what was in her mind as she began to create the new design:" I saw this as an opportunity to bring the look closer to matching the elegance and power of the writing which the magazine is known for. The overall design has to be able to encompass a great diversity of styles and subjects -- urgent pieces of reporting, serious essays, lighter pieces, lifestyle-oriented pieces, short stories, poetry. We dont want lighter pieces to seem too heavy, and we dont want heavier pieces to seem too pretty.We also use a broad range of art and photography, and the design has to work well with that, too. At the same time, the magazine needs to have a consistent feel, needs to underscore the sense that everything in it is part of one Atlantic world. The primary typefaces Garlan chose for this task are Times Roman, for a more readable body type, and Bauer Bodoni, for a more stylish and flexible display type (article titles, large initials, and soon). Other aspects of the new design are structural. The articles in the front of the magazine, which once flowed into one another, now stand on their own, to gain prominence. The Travel column, now featured in every issue, has been moved from the back to the front. As noted in this space last month, the word "Monthly" rejoins "The Atlantic" on the cover, after a decade-long absence. Judy Garlan came to the Atlantic in 1981 after having served as the art director of several other magazines.During her tenure here the Atlantic has won more than 300 awards for visual excellence. from the Society of illustrators, the American Institute of Graphic Arts, the Art Directors Club, Communication Arts, and elsewhere. Garlan was in various ways assisted in the redesign by the entire art-department staff: Robin Gilmore, Barnes, Betsy Urrico, Gillian Kahn, and Lisa Manning. The artist Nicholas Gaetano contributed as well: he redrew our colophon (the figure of Neptune that appears on the contents page) and created the symbols that will appear regularly on this page (a rendition of our building), on the Puzzler page, above the opening of letters, and on the masthead. Gaetano, whose work manages to combine stylish clarity and breezy strength, is the cover artist for this issue.1. Part of the new design is to be concerned with the following EXCEPT ______A) variation in the typefaces.B) reorganization of articles in the front.C) creation of the travel column.D) reinstatement of its former name.2. According to the passage, the new design work involves ______A) other artists as well.B) other writers as well.C) only the cover artist.D) only the art director.3. This article aims to ______A) emphasize the importance of a magazine’s design.B) introduce the magazine’s art director.C) persuade the reader to subscribe to the magazine.D) inform the reader of its new design and features.。
专业八级分类模拟435
专业八级分类模拟435(总分：58.92，做题时间：90分钟)一、PART Ⅰ READING COMPREHENSION(总题数：1，分数：30.00)SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are four passages followed by fourteen multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE(1) If you drop your laptop computer, a chip built into it will sense the acceleration and protect the delicate moving parts of its hard disk before it hits the ground. A group of researchers led by Jesse Lawrence of Stanford University are putting the same accelerometer chip to an intriguing new use: detecting earthquakes. They plan to create a network of volunteer laptops that can map out future quakes in far greater detail than traditional seismometers manage.(2) Seismometers are large, expensive beasts, costing $10,000 or more apiece. They are designed to be exquisitely sensitive to the sort of vibrations an earthquake produces, which means they can pick up tremors that began halfway around the world. By contrast, the accelerometer chips in laptops, which have evolved from those used to detect when a car is in a collision and thus trigger the release of the airbags, are rather crude devices. They are, however, ubiquitous. Almost all modem laptops have them and they are even finding their way into mobile phones. The iPhone, for example, uses such a chip to detect its orientation so that it can rotate its display and thus make it easily readable.(3) On its own, an accelerometer chip in a laptop is not very useful for earthquake-detection, as it cannot distinguish between a quake and all sorts of other vibrations—the user tapping away at the keyboard, for example. But if lots of these chips are connected to a central server via the internet, their responses can be compared. And if a large number in a particular place register a vibration at almost the same time, it is more likely to be an earthquake than a bunch of users all hitting their space bars. To exploit this group effect, Dr Lawrence"s Quake-Catcher Network (QCN) employs the same software that is used by the SETI@home project, which aggregates computing power from hundreds of thousands of volunteer computers around the world to analyzeradio-telescope signals for signs of extraterrestrial intelligence.(4) Dr Lawrence and his colleagues have already demonstrated that the QCN works. It detected a quake near Reno, Nevada, in April, and one near Los Angeles in July. Merely detecting a quake, however, is not the point. Seismometers can do that. To be useful, the QCN needs to be able to do things that seismometers cannot.(5) One of those things is to measure the maximum amount of ground shaking. The sensitivity of seismometers means that strong signals would damage them if they were not designed to "clip" such signals when they exceed a certain threshold. The price paid is that information about strong, nearby earthquakes is lost. Laptop accelerometers are more robust. Though they cannot, if in America, tell you anything about an earthquake in China, they can sometimes do better than conventional kit when measuring local quakes.(6) The network"s second benefit is of sheer numbers. This should allow the construction of far more detailed maps of the up-and-down and side-to-side motions induced by earthquakes. These vary a lot from quake to quake, and that means the damage done by a quake of any given strength is also variable. A better understanding of how movement and damage relate might help both building design and town planning in earthquake zones.(7) Of course, for that to work, you have to know where each laptop was at the moment of the quake. Ideally, this information would come from a Global Positioning System device fitted within thelaptop, but few computers have them at the moment. In their absence, information automatically supplied about the site of the nearest router (a network device that computers use to connect to the wider internet) gives a rough location. This is imperfect, but pooling the data from lots of laptops means that location errors can be detected statistically and erroneous data discarded.(8) If that can be done quickly enough, the QCN could bring a third—and most valuable—benefit: warning. The speed of internet communication, coupled with a scheme for uploading data from each computer at brief intervals, means that Dr Lawrence"s network could issue an earthquake warning within seconds. That is faster than traditional seismometer networks, which update less regularly, and, above all, is much faster than seismic waves travel. Warnings could thus be broadcast to places the earthquake waves had not yet reached, giving people vital time to find a place of refuge.(9) At the moment, the QCN has about 1,500 participating computers. But, as happened with SETI @ home, the researchers expect numbers to grow once knowledge of the project spreads:, for those who want to join in the fun.PASSAGE TWO(1) Damn you, tall people. They block your view at the movie theater. They"re a pain to shop for: Who really wants to drag themselves to the Big & Tall to buy Uncle Lurch a pair of extra-long pants? They"re the ones with better chances of becoming pro basketball players, or supermodels.(2) Squirts probably don"t need any more reasons to envy their longer-limbed neighbors. Unfortunately, a new study just added to the indignity of short people. According to a paper from the National Bureau of Economic Research, both men and women who are above average height—5 ft.10 in. for males, 5 ft. 4 in. for females—report higher levels of happiness than smaller people.(3) In the study, men who call their lives the "worst possible" are nearly an inch shorter than the average man. The women most down in the dumps are half an inch smaller, on average, than the average woman. Taller people say they are more content, and are less likely to report a range of negative emotions like sadness and physical pain. "Happiness is just one more thing that taller people have going for them," says Angus Deaton, a Princeton economist and co-author of the study, who stands a smug 6 ft. 4 in. (Full disclosure: I, too, am about 6 ft. 4 in., but I will refrain from mocking shrimps in this story.)(4) Why are tall people happier? According to Deaton"s analysis, the result is linked to education and income. The study found that taller people tend to have more education, and thus higher income levels, than shorter people. It follows that the smarter, richer tall people would be sunnier than their vertically challenged compatriots. "Money buys enjoyment and higher life evaluation," says Deaton. "It buys off stress, anger, worry and pain. Income is the thing!"(5) To gain some real-world insight into these stats, I called the first smart short person I could think of, a friend named Milton Lee. Despite what these studies indicate, smart short people do exist. Milt, a graduate of the University of Pennsylvania, made a killing as a Wall Street trader in the 1990s, but quit finance to chase his dream of becoming a basketball coach. He has trained many NBA players, including this year"s top draft pick, Oklahoma"s Blake Griffin, and even landed an assistant coaching gig for the Los Angeles Clippers" summer-league team. (6) Despite giving up an healthy Wall Street income, Lee, who claims he"s 5 ft. 9 in. but admits to being 5 ft. 8 in. when pressed, considers himself content. "I"m not totally buying it," he says of the study. "I"m below average height, and have above-average happiness." In his basketball work, Lee spends a lot of time around well-compensated human trees, and doesn"t always see smiling faces. "There are plenty of NBA players who are absolutely miserable," Lee says. "They want more playing time, they feel underappreciated. Only a dozen or so guys feel that they are truly loved."(7) In his Wall Street days, Lee saw plenty of rich, happy short people and wealthy, depressed tall people. He does offer one reason why taller men might be happier. "Whenever I"m out with tall guys, they tend to get more attention from women," says Lee. "You never hear girls say, "Hey, I"m really into short guys.""(8) Lee directed me to one of the players he coaches, Coleman Collins, for the smart, tall guy"s perspective. When I told him Lee questioned the findings, Collins, who is 6 ft. 9 in., wasn"t surprised. "Short people are always ready to disagree," says Collins, who graduated from Virginia Tech when he was 19, after just three years, and played for the school"s basketball team. He points out that he has many short friends. "Generally speaking, I"ve found that they are more likely to have a chip on their shoulder, more likely to have something to prove," Collins says. (9) Collins, now 23, supports the study"s results. "I"m generally in a good mood," he says. "And based on the anecdotal evidence I"ve seen, tall people have a more pleasant disposition and are more easygoing. They don"t have to make an extra effort to command attention. When they walk into a room, it tends to come naturally to them." Such recognition surely helps your self-esteem. If only it wasn"t too late for you short people to have a growth spurt.PASSAGE THREE(1) MONDAY"S Supreme Court decision to block a class-action sex-discrimination lawsuit against Wal-Mart was a huge setback for as many as 1.6 million current and former female employees of the world"s largest retailer. But the decision has consequences that range far beyond sex discrimination or the viability of class-action suits.(2) The underlying issue, which the Supreme Court has now ratified, is Wal-Mart"s authoritarian style, by which executives pressure store-level management to squeeze more and more from millions of clerks, stockers and lower-tier managers.(3) Indeed, the sex discrimination at Wal-Mart that drove the recent suit is the product not merely of managerial bias and prejudice, but also of a corporate culture and business model that sustains it, rooted in the company"s very beginnings.(4) In the 1950s and "60s, northwest Arkansas, where Wal-Mart got its start, was poor, white and rural, in the midst of a wave of agricultural mechanization that generated a huge surplus of unskilled workers. To these men and women, the burgeoning chain of discount stores founded by Sam Walton was a godsend. The men might find dignity managing a store instead of a hardscrabble farm, while their wives and daughters could earn pin money clerking for Mr. Sam, as he was known. "The enthusiasm of Wal-Mart associates toward their jobs is one of the company"s greatest assets," declared the firm"s 1973 annual report.(5) A patriarchal ethos was written into the Wal-Mart DNA. "Welcome Assistant Managers and Wives" read a banner at a 1975 meeting for executive trainees. And that corporate culture—"the single most important element in the continued, remarkable success of Wal-Mart," asserted Don Soderquist, the company"s chief operating officer in the 1990s—was sustained not only by the hyper centralized managerial control that flowed from the Bentonville, Ark., home office but by the evangelical Protestantism that Mr. Soderquist and other executives encouraged.(6) Wal-Mart attorneys have argued, and the Supreme Court agreed this week, that even if sex discrimination was once part of the company"s culture, it is now ancient history: if any store managers are guilty of bias when it comes to promoting women, they are at odds with corporate policy. Wal-Mart is no longer an Ozark company; it is a cosmopolitan, multinational operation.(7) But that avoids the more essential point, namely that Wal-Mart views low labor costs and a high degree of workplace flexibility as a signal competitive advantage. It is a militantly anti-union company that has been forced to pay hundreds of millions of dollars to current and former employees for violations of state wage and hour laws.(8) In other words, the patriarchy of old has been reconfigured into a more systematically authoritarian structure, one that deploys a communitarian ethos to sustain a high degree of corporate loyalty even as wages and working conditions are put under continual downward pressure—especially in recent years, as Wal-Mart"s same-store sales have declined. Workers of both sexes pay the price, but women, who constitute more than 70 percent of hourly employees, pay more.(9) There are tens of thousands of experienced Wal-Mart women who would like to be promoted to the first managerial rung, salaried assistant store manager. But Wal-Mart makes it impossible for many of them to take that post, because its ruthless management style structures the job itself as one that most women, and especially those with young children or a relative to care for, would find difficult to accept.(10) Why? Because, for all the change that has swept over the company, at the store level there is still a fair amount of the old communal sociability. Recognizing that workers steeped in that culture make poor candidates for assistant managers, who are the front lines in enforcing labor discipline, Wal-Mart insists that almost all workers promoted to the managerial ranks move toa new store, often hundreds of miles away.(11) For young men in a hurry, that"s an inconvenience; for middle-aged women caring for families, this corporate reassignment policy amounts to sex discrimination. True, Wal-Mart is hardly alone in demanding that rising managers sacrifice family life, but few companies make relocation sucha fixed policy, and few have employment rolls even a third the size.(12) The obstacles to women"s advancement do not stop there. The workweek for salaried managers is around 50 hours or more, which can surge to 80 or 90 hours a week during holiday seasons. Not unexpectedly, some managers think women with family responsibilities would balk at such demands, and it is hardly to the discredit of thousands of Wal-Mart women that they may be right. (13) There used to be a remedy for this sort of managerial authoritarianism: it was called a union, which bargained over not only wages and pensions but also the kind of qualitative issues, including promotion and transfer policies, that have proved so vexing for non-unionized employees at Wal-Mart and other big retailers.(14) For a time it seemed as if the class-action lawsuit might be a partial substitute. By drastically limiting how a class-action suit can be brought, the Supreme Court leaves millions of service-sector workers with few avenues to escape the grinding work life and limited opportunities that so many now face.PASSAGE FOUR(1) "HELL is a city much like London," opined Percy Bysshe Shelley in 1819. Modem academics agree. Last year Dutch researchers showed that city dwellers have a 21% higher risk of developing anxiety disorders than do their calmer rural countrymen, and a 39% higher risk of developing mood disorders. But exactly how the inner workings of the urban and rural minds cause this difference has remained obscure—until now. A study just published in Nature by Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg of the University of Heidelberg and his colleagues has used a scanning technique called functionalmagnetic-resonance imaging (FMRI) to examine the brains of city dwellers and country bumpkins when they are under stress.(2) In Dr Meyer-Lindenberg"s first experiment, participants lying with their heads in a scanner took maths tests that they were doomed to fail (the researchers had designed success rates to be just 25%-40%). To make the experience still more humiliating, the team provided negative feedback through headphones, all the while checking participants for indications of stress, such as high blood pressure.(3) The urbanites" general mental health did not differ from that of their provincial counterparts. However, their brains dealt with the stress imposed by the experimenters in different ways. These differences were noticeable in two regions: the amygdalas and the perigenual anterior cingulate cortex (PACC). The amygdalas are a pair of structures, one in each cerebral hemisphere, that are found deep inside the brain and are responsible for assessing threats and generating the emotion of fear. The PACC is part of the cerebral cortex (again, found in both hemispheres) that regulates the amygdalas.(4) People living in the countryside had the lowest levels of activity in their amygdalas. Those living in towns had higher levels. City dwellers had the highest. Not that surprising, to thoseof a Shelleyesque disposition. In the case of the PACC, however, what mattered was not where someone was living now, but where he or she was brought up. The more urban a person"s childhood, the more active his PACC, regardless of where he was dwelling at the time of the experiment.(5) The amygdalas thus seem to respond to the here-and-now whereas the PACC is programmed early on, and does not react in the same, flexible way as the amygdalas. Second-to-second changes in its activity might, though, be expected to be correlated with changes in the amygdalas, because of its role in regulating them. FMRI allows such correlations to be measured.(6) In the cases of those brought up in the countryside, regardless of where they now live, the correlations were as expected. For those brought up in cities, however, these correlations broke down. The regulatory mechanism of the native urbanite, in other words, seems to be out of kilter. Further evidence, then, for Shelley"s point of view. Moreover, it is also known that the PACC-amygdala link is often out of kilter in schizophrenia, and that schizophrenia is more common among city dwellers than country folk. Dr Meyer-Lindenberg is careful not to claim that his results show the cause of this connection. But they might.(7) Dr Meyer-Lindenberg and his team conducted several subsequent experiments to check their findings. They asked participants to complete more maths tests—and also tests in which they mentally rotated an object—while investigators chided them about their performance. The results matched those of the first test. They also studied another group of volunteers, who were given stress-free tasks to complete. These experiments showed no activity in either the amygdalas or the PACC, suggesting that the earlier results were indeed the result of social stress rather than mental exertion.(8) As is usually the case in studies of this sort, the sample size was small (and therefore not as robust as might be desirable) and the result showed an association, rather than a definite, causal relationship. That association is, nevertheless, interesting. Living in cities brings many benefits, but Dr Meyer-Lindenberg"s work suggests that Shelley and his fellow Romantics had at least half a point.（分数：29.92）(1).Which of the following is NOT one of the advantages of QCN compared with traditional seismometers? (PASSAGE ONE)（分数：1.36）A.Its chips can measure the maximum amount of ground shaking.B.It can capture detailed information about how movement and damage relate in earthquakes.C.It can be used as earthquake warning for people in dangerous zones.D.It can collect signals from all around the world. √解析：[解析] 该题为事实细节题。
专业英语八级模拟试卷450(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语八级模拟试卷450(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 1. LISTENING COMPREHENSION 2. READING COMPREHENSION 3. GENERAL KNOWLEDGE 4. PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION 5. TRANSLATION 6. WRITINGPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREDirections: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.听力原文：How to Develop an Outline Good morning, everyone. Today, we will continue our discussion on how to write a research paper. The focus of our lecture this time centers on how to develop an outline of a research paper. Using an outline can help you organize your material and can also help you discover connections between pieces of information that you weren’t aware of when you first conceived the plan of your paper. It can also make you aware of material that is not really relevant to the purposes of your paper or material that you have covered before and should therefore be removed. First, before we start writing a research paper, we must make sure what kind of materials should be included, and hence developing a preliminary outline is a must. A preliminary outline might be only an informal list of topics and subtopics which you are thinking of covering in your paper. Sometimes, however, an instructor might require that a preliminary outline be submitted at the beginning of your work; then your instructor might suggest ways in which the work needs to be further developed or cut back. Your instructor might also see that you’re trying to accomplish too much or too little for the scope of the assignment he or she has in mind. Then, how to pin down a preliminary outline? To develop a preliminary outline, we need to follow two fairly simple steps: first, write down ideas or code words in a rough list and second, give order to the list by arranging items into major and minor ideas. How you finally organize your thesis is a matte of your work habits and the nature of the subject. After finishing the preliminary outline, you need to revise it during the process of research. You need to bear in mind that the preliminary outline can be revised as you discover new material and get new ideas that ought to go into your paper. Writing a research paper is recursive, which means that you will look back over your paragraphs, adjust your thinking, and move forward again. The outline expands or shrinks throughout the gathering of data and the writing of drafts. With that in mind, ask yourself the following questions to evaluate your overall plan: first, what is the role of my research? Am I reviewing, discovering, interpreting or theorizing? Second question, what is my thesis? Will my notes andrecords defend and illustrate my proposition? Is it convincing evidence? Third questions, how specialized is my audience? Do I need to write in a non-technical language or may I assure that the audience is knowledgeable in this field and expects in-depth discussion of substantive issues? Your answers will determine, in part, the type of materials needed. Plus, most word processing programs have outlining features with automatic formatting that make it easy to create and revise outlines. It is a good idea to keep copies of old outlines in a computer folder in case new versions of the outline lead you in false directions that you will later have to abandon. Keeping track of your outlines can avoid going astray. A final outline should enhance the organization and coherence of your research paper. Instructors sometimes require that a final outline be submitted along with the final version of your paper. Material that is not relevant to the purpose of your paper as revealed in your outline should be eliminated from the paper; if portions of your outline seem weak in comparison to others, more research may be required to create a sense of balance in your argument and presentation. Outlines can be organized according to your purposes. Are you attempting to show the chronology of some historical development, the cause-and-effect relationship between one phenomenon and another, the process by which something is accomplished, or the logic of some position? Are you defining or analyzing something, comparing or contrasting one thing to another .or presenting an argument with one side or both? In any case, try to bring related material together under general headings and arrange sections so they relate logically to each other. An effective introduction will map out the journey your reader is about to take, and a satisfactory conclusion will wrap up the sequence of ideas in a nice package. Finally, you need to choose an appropriate final outline form. Outlines appear in topic, sentence or paragraph form. Avoid mixing the forms within a given outline. With the topic outline, every heading is a noun phrase or its equivalent, a gerund phrase, or an infinitive phrase. This form is the most popular and establishes precisely the main areas of investigation. Its weakness is brevity because the incomplete headings can hide any organizational problems. A sentence outline includes full sentences that you would transcribe into the draft. Some outline entries can serve as topic sentences for paragraphs, thereby speeding the writing process. In addition, the subject/verb pattern establishes the logical direction of your thinking. A paragraph outline is written with every section as a paragraph or as full paragraphs under noun headings. The dangers of the paragraph outline are twofold: you may try to write the paper when developing only an outline or you may carry weak underdeveloped outline paragraphs directly into the rough draft. Now, to sum up in today’s lecture, we have reviewed the process of writing an outline of a research paper. First, we need to prepare a preliminary outline that includes topics and subtopics to be covered in the paper; second, the preliminary outline should be revised during the process of writing so that our thinking could be adjusted now and then; the revision of the outline arrives in the finalized version that enhances the organization and coherence of the research paper. OK, this brings us to the end of today’s lecture. Thank you for your attention.How to Develop an Outline I . A preliminary outlineA. Definition: a/an (1)______list of topics and subtopics (1)______covered in the research paper.B. Twosteps to develop a preliminary outline:1. write down ideas or (2)______in a rough list) (2)______2. arrange items into major and minor ideas.II. Revision of the preliminary outlineA. Revise the outline when discovering new material and having new ideas for the paper.—Reason: writing a research paper is (3)______; one (3)______looks back over paragraphs to adjust thinking. —Result: the outline expands or shrinks throughout the gathering of data and the writing of drafts.B. Answer the questions to help evaluate the outline:1. What is the (4) ______of my research? (4)______2. What is my thesis?3. How specialized is my audience?C. Use (5) ______programs with outlining features as (5)______automatic formatting.D. Keep copies of old outlines to avoid (6) ______. (6)______1. A final outlineA. (7) ______: to enhance organization and coherence (7)______B. Content; eliminate irrelevant materials: (8)______portions of the outline(8)______C. Organization: in line with purposes—organization types: chronology, cause and effect, process,definition, (9)______, argumentation (9)______—bring related materials together logically—add an effective introduction and a satisfactory conclusionD. Forms of a final outline—a topic outline; using noun, gerund and (10) ______phrases (10)______—a sentence outline: using full sentences —a paragraph outline: using paragraphs1．正确答案：informal解析：细节题。
专业英语八级模拟试卷425(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语八级模拟试卷425(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 3. GENERAL KNOWLEDGEPART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question.1．Whose Input Hypothesis is one of the most famous theories among different models of language acquisition?A．Austin’s.B．Krashen’s.C．Chomsky’s.D．Halliday’s.正确答案：B解析：Krashen的Input Hypothesis是语言习得中非常著名的理论之一。
知识模块：第二语言习得2．The study of the relationship between brain and language is calledA．maerolinguistics.B．mierolinguistics.C．ncurolinguistics.D．soeiolinguistics.正确答案：C解析：研究人脑与语言之间关系的是神经语言学。
知识模块：语言与大脑3．The brain stem maintains the essential functions EXCEPTA．respiration.B．muscle coordination.C．memory.D．heart rate.正确答案：C解析：脑干的主要功能是调节心律、呼吸和协调肌肉，不包括记忆。
知识模块：语言与大脑4．Which of the following statements is NOT true?A．The information from the left side of the body is received only by the left side of the brain and vice versa.B．The information from the left side of the body is received only by the right side of the brain and vice versa.C．The brain is divided into two sections; the lower section called the brain stemand higher section called cerebrum.D．The cortex is separated by the longitudinal fissure into two parts; the left and right cerebral hemispheres.正确答案：A解析：人的左边身体所接收的信息是传到右脑的，同理，右边的信息由左脑来处理。
专业英语八级(听力)模拟试卷342(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷342(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. LISTENING COMPREHENSIONPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.听力原文：Five Types of Books Good morning. This lecture is going to introduce 5 types of books that can increase intelligence. As you know, we read for information, with the hope that information we acquire will improve our minds, giving us the means to improve our lives. In the modern Age of Information, more reading material is available than ever, making it increasingly difficult to allocate our reading time efficiently. All books are not created equal, and it follows that all readers are not equal either. To read prodigiously and to read profitably are two very different things. A great amount of time is wasted reading books that are forgotten a short time after they’re completed. But time spent reading books that cultivate intelligence and wisdom is a labor that yields continuous benefit over a lifetime. Although it is certainly necessary, for the purposes of business and everyday life, to read about the latest news and trends, that type of reading is outside the scope of this article. My aim is to encourage the reading of books that permanently increase intelligence and, as a result, improve our chances of leading prosperous and fulfilling lives. The first choice is books about science. Science is not restricted to scientific text books. It includes all books that increase our understanding of the natural world. This includes books on commerce and society, with the unifying theme being the use of evidence to explain events. The great value of these books comes, not from the theories they prove which will likely be disproved in the future, but from the development of curiosity and the methods of learning. Scientific books teach us how to investigate our intuition and validate it with evidence. They also inspire wonder and respect for the physical world and for our own intellect. Then, philosophy comes as our second choice. In ancient times, science and philosophy grew from the seed of analytical thought. If science teaches us to understand the outside world, philosophy teaches us to understand ourselves. It could very well be called the science of human life. In addition to the classic philosophical works, this category also includes the great religious texts. The Bible, Koran, Bhagavad Gita, etc. are not universally valuable because of religious dogma, but because of the wisdom and beauty that has inspired billions to live loving, pious lives. It is an unfortunate modern bias that philosophy is considered irrelevant. Although we worship at the shrine of modern technology, this isstill a very human world. Philosophy will increase your understanding of human needs and desires, knowledge that is essential for spreading ideas and predicting human behavior. The third one is serious fiction. I’d like to permanently discredit the belief that fictional works are inferior because they’re only “made up stories”. Only a person totally devoid of imagination could believe that. Great works of fiction contain more truth than any other literary genre because they allow the reader to experience a new reality. Fiction creates experiences that elevate your level of consciousness. Serious fiction also contains a great deal of philosophy, psychology, and history. Truman Capote said that a good novel is worth more than any scientific study. For the purpose of increasing individual human intelligence, I’m inclined to agree. Great fiction is also great language. And as I’ve written before, reading great language is the only way to become a better writer. It will also make you a better thinker, speaker, and conversationalist. Moreover, history books are also included. History feels boring because as children it meant dull text books, memorizing dates, and tedious lectures. And who can blame us? The public schools have done their best to take the humanity out of history. But at its best, history is fascinating anecdotes, remarkable characters, and the evolution of ideas that have shaped civilization. By learning about the past we are able to interpret our own times. We are able to recognize modern prejudices and the nature of humanity. Although history may not help us predict the future, it increases self understanding and awareness. It teaches us the timelessness of ideas and morality. The last type is poetry. I saved poetry for last because convincing you to take it seriously provides the greatest challenge. Poetry arouses images of Shakespearian actors reciting flowery rhymes. It’s no wonder most people think it lacks substance and applicability. But to maintain this opinion is to ignore one of the great joys of human intelligence and underestimate the mysterious power of words. It’s no coincidence that many languages use the same word for poet and prophet. The reading of great poetry produces a feeling that cannot be adequately described, a feeling of awe and reverence for the power of words. Great poetry is the fusion of music and meaning. It is the medium of humanity’s most ancient masterpieces. Poetry sharpens language skills and develops eloquence. Meaning is only half of the great language. The best authors write with a style that is both pleasurable and instructive. An appreciation of poetry is essential for reaching this degree of excellence. As to resources, I can’t make a formal set of recommendations. There are just too many great books and my experience is too limited. How could I presume to know your tastes or area of interest? What I can do is point out a couple of places where you’ll be sure to find something of interest. Anyone who follows this site knows that I’m a whore for the old stuff. Strangely, the Internet is the best thing that’s happened to old books since the printing press. Bartleby contains an extensive collection of materials that are well formatted for online reading. You should read for self improvement, not to feel educated and superior. Reading, even the most rigorous intellectual type, should be a labor of love. It might be easier to read lighter books, but the moments of discovery created by challenging books are more pleasurable and exhilarating than any suspense novel. If you make an effort to read more profitably, you’ll be rewarded with wisdom, beauty,and many hours of productive leisure.Five Types of Books I. IntroductionA. Reading for information, hoping to—improve our minds with the information acquired—give us the means to improve our livesB. Reading prodigiously & reading【T1】______: two different things【T1】______—to read books that increase【T2】______【T2】______—to read books that helps improve our chances of a happy livingII. The first choice: books about【T3】______【T3】______A. Including not only scientific text books, but alsothe books that increase our understanding of the【T4】______【T4】______B. The value of these books:—the development of【T5】______【T5】______—the methods of learning —how to investigate our intuition and validate it with evidence—inspiring wonder and respect for【T6】______【T6】______III. The second choice: philosophyA. Teaching us to understand【T7】______【T7】______B. Including:—the classic philosophical works—the great texts of【T8】______【T8】______IV. The third choice: serious fictionA. Great works of fiction: containing more truthB. Fiction:【T9】______ experiences【T9】______C. Serious fiction: containing a lot of philosophy, psychology & historyD. Great fiction: being also【T10】______【T10】______V. The fourth choice:【T11】______【T11】______A. helping us to interpret our own timesB. recognizing modern prejudices and the nature of humanityC. Increasing our self understandingD. Teaching us that ideas and morality are【T12】______【T12】______VI. The last type: poetryA. Producing a feeling of【T13】______ for the power of words【T13】______B. Appreciation of poetry: essential for reading—sharpening language skills-【T14】______【T14】______VII. ResourcesA. No formal set of【T15】______【T15】______B. The Internet1．【T1】正确答案：profitably／／usefully解析：讲座的主题是“5 types of books that can increase intelligence(类能够提高智力的书)”，根据原文“广泛地阅读和有益地阅读是不同的”，可知答案为profitably(也可填意思相近的usefully)。
专业英语八级模拟试卷428(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语八级模拟试卷428(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 3. GENERAL KNOWLEDGEPART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question.1．Which of the following works is NOT written by D. H. Lawrence?A．Women in Love.B．Sons and Lovers.C．The Rainbow.D．The French Lieutenant’s Woman.正确答案：D解析：大卫·赫伯特·劳伦斯，英国诗人、小说家、散文家，著有《查泰莱夫人的情人》(Lady Chatterley’s Lover)、《虹》(The Rainbow)、《儿子与情人》(Sons andLovers)和《恋爱中的女人》(Women in Love)等。
《法国中尉的女人》(TheFrench Lieutenant’s Woman)是约翰·福尔斯(John Fowles)的著作。
知识模块：人文知识2．______ is defined as an expression of human emotion which is condensed into fourteen lines.A．Free verseB．SonnetC．OdeD．Epigram正确答案：B解析：Sonnet是十四行诗。
Free verse是自由体诗歌；Ode是颂歌；Epigram 是讽刺性短诗。
知识模块：人文知识3．Which pair of words is NOT a minimal pair?A．Cat/bat.B．Put/but.C．Jig/pig.D．Sit/bit.正确答案：B解析：最小对立体(a minimal pair)是指两个意思不同的单词，除了出现在同一位置上的一个音外，其余的音都相同。
专业英语八级(听力)模拟试卷42(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷42(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. LISTENING COMPREHENSIONPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREDirections: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.听力原文：Five Types of Books Good morning. This lecture is going to introduce 5 types of books that can increase intelligence. As you know, we read for information, with the hope that information we acquire will improve our minds, giving us the means to improve our lives. In the modern Age of Information, more reading material is available than ever, making it increasingly difficult to allocate our reading time efficiently. All books are not created equal, and it follows that all readers are not equal either. To read prodigiously and to read profitably are two very different things. A great amount of time is wasted reading books that are forgotten a short time after they’re completed. But time spent reading books that cultivate intelligence and wisdom is a labor that yields continuous benefit over a lifetime. Although it is certainly necessary, for the purposes of business and everyday life, to read about the latest news and trends, that type of reading is outside the scope of this article. My aim is to encourage the reading of books that permanently increase intelligence and, as a result, improve our chances of leading prosperous and fulfilling lives. The first choice is books about science. Science is not restricted to scientific text books. It includes all books that increase our understanding of the natural world. This includes books on commerce and society, with the unifying theme being the use of evidence to explain events. The great value of these books comes, not from the theories they prove which will likely be disproved in the future, but from the development of curiosity and the methods of learning. Scientific books teach us how to investigate our intuition and validate it with evidence. They also inspire wonder and respect for the physical world and for our own intellect. Then, philosophy comes as our second choice. In ancient times, science and philosophy grew from the seed of analytical thought. If science teaches us to understand the outside world, philosophy teaches us to understand ourselves. It could very well be called the science of human life. In addition to the classic philosophical works, this category also includes the great religious texts. The Bible, Koran, Bhagavad Gita, etc. are not universally valuable because of religious dogma, but because of the wisdom and beauty that has inspired billions to live loving, pious lives. It is an unfortunate modern bias that philosophy is considered irrelevant. Although we worship at the shrine of modern technology, this isstill a very human world. Philosophy will increase your understanding of human needs and desires, knowledge that is essential for spreading ideas and predicting human behavior. The third one is serious fiction. I’d like to permanently discredit the belief that fictional works are inferior because they’re only “made up stories”. Only a person totally devoid of imagination could believe that. Great works of fiction contain more truth than any other literary genre because they allow the reader to experience a new reality. Fiction creates experiences that elevate your level of consciousness. Serious fiction also contains a great deal of philosophy, psychology, and history. Truman Capote said that a good novel is worth more than any scientific study. For the purpose of increasing individual human intelligence, I’m inclined to agree. Great fiction is also great language. And as I’ve written before, reading great language is the only way to become a better writer. It will also make you a better thinker, speaker, and conversationalist. Moreover, history books are also included. History feels boring because as children it meant dull text books, memorizing dates, and tedious lectures. And who can blame us? The public schools have done their best to take the humanity out of history. But at its best, history is fascinating anecdotes, remarkable characters, and the evolution of ideas that have shaped civilization. By learning about the past we are able to interpret our own times. We are able to recognize modern prejudices and the nature of humanity. Although history may not help us predict the future, it increases self understanding and awareness. It teaches us the timelessness of ideas and morality. The last type is poetry. I saved poetry for last because convincing you to take it seriously provides the greatest challenge. Poetry arouses images of Shakespearian actors reciting flowery rhymes. It’s no wonder most people think it lacks substance and applicability. But to maintain this opinion is to ignore one of the great joys of human intelligence and underestimate the mysterious power of words. It’s no coincidence that many languages use the same word for poet and prophet. The reading of great poetry produces a feeling that cannot be adequately described, a feeling of awe and reverence for the power of words. Great poetry is the fusion of music and meaning. It is the medium of humanity’s most ancient masterpieces. Poetry sharpens language skills and develops eloquence. Meaning is only half of the great language. The best authors write with a style that is both pleasurable and instructive. An appreciation of poetry is essential for reaching this degree of excellence. As to resources, I can’t make a formal set of recommendations. There are just too many great books and my experience is too limited. How could I presume to know your tastes or area of interest? What I can do is point out a couple of places where you’ll be sure to find something of interest. Anyone who follows this site knows that I’m a whore for the old stuff. Strangely, the Internet is the best thing that’s happened to old books since the printing press. Bartleby contains an extensive collection of materials that are well formatted for online reading. You should read for self improvement, not to feel educated and superior. Reading, even the most rigorous intellectual type, should be a labor of love. It might be easier to read lighter books, but the moments of discovery created by challenging books are more pleasurable and exhilarating than any suspense novel. If you make an effort to read more profitably, you’ll be rewarded with wisdom, beauty,and many hours of productive leisure.Five Types of Books I. IntroductionA. Reading for information, hoping to—improve our minds with the information acquired—give us the means to improve our livesB. Reading prodigiously & reading【B1】______: two different things【B1】______—to read books that increase intelligence—to read books that helps improve our chances of a happy livingII. The first choice: books about【B2】______【B2】______A. Including not only scientific text books, but alsothe books that increase our understanding of the natural worldB. The value of these books:—the development of【B3】______【B3】______—the methods of learning—how to investigate our intuition and validate it with evidence—inspiring wonder and respect for【B4】______【B4】______III. The second choice: philosophyA. Teaching us to understand【B5】______【B5】______B. Including:—the classic philosophical works —the great texts of【B6】______【B6】______IV. The third choice: serious fictionA. Great works of fiction: containing more truthB. Fiction:【B7】______ experiences 【B7】______C. Serious fiction: containing a lot of philosophy, psychology & historyD. Great fiction: being also great languageV. The fourth choice: history booksA. helping us to interpret our own timesB. recognizing modern prejudices and the nature of humanityC. Increasing our self understandingD. Teaching us that ideas and morality are【B8】______【B8】______VI. The last type: poetryA. Producing a feeling of【B9】______ for the power of words【B9】______B. Appreciation of poetry: essential for reading—sharpening language skills—developing eloquenceVII. ResourcesA. No formal set of【B10】______【B10】______B. The Internet 1．【B1】正确答案：profitably／／usefully解析：讲座的主题是“5 types of books that can increase intelligence(五类能够提高智力的书)”，根据原文“广泛地阅读和有益地阅读是不同的”，可知答案为profitably(也可填意思相近的usefully)。
专业英语八级(听力)模拟试卷348(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷348(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. LISTENING COMPREHENSIONPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear ONE interview. The interview will be divided into TWO parts. At the end of each part, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interview and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of [A] , [B] , [C] and [D] , and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions.听力原文：M: Good morning, Mrs. Collins! Welcome to our studio. As a distinguished member of Toastmasters International, could you tell us a bit about the background of the organization?W: I am delighted to have that opportunity. Toastmasters is an international organization, designed to develop effective speaking and listening skills. It was founded in 1924 by Ralph Smedley and it’s headquartered in California.M: What is the purpose of Toastmasters?W: Toastmasters has a two-fold purpose: the personal growth of the individual and strong effective communication skills.M: Then, who is Toastmasters opened to? And what kind of members do you have now?W: Well, many people think Toastmasters is open only to those individuals who wish to be professional speakers, but that is definitely not true. Toastmasters is open to the public at large. Any individual who wishes to improve his public speaking is welcome. And also, those who just want to increase their overall self-confidence are encouraged to attend.M: Another question is how can Toastmasters help you in job situations?W: By becoming involved in Toastmasters, you will learn different methods of communicating what you really want to say, and equally important, you will learn what your audience expects from you so you can deliver that message to them in a logical fashion. Some people are comfortable around friends, but when they appear before a group they don’t know, they get tense. Our organization helps our members to get calm and organize thoughts, and deliver them in an effective way.M: Is Toastmasters concerned with total communication, not just for speaking but other communication skills?W: Most often, people assume that when you are listening, you are also paying attention. This is not always true. Many times people are waiting for their turn to speak and are not really listening at all. Toastmasters can develop a person overall in terms of organizing their thoughts, getting input from others and then receiving effective feedback.1. According to Mrs. Collins, what can we learn about Toastmasters?2. Who is Toastmasters opened to?3. How can Toastmasters help people in job situations?4. What does Mrs. Collins say about listening?5. What can we learn from the interview?1．A．It was originally set up to train speaking skills.B．It was founded by Ralph Smedley 100 years ago.C．It is designed to develop creative thinking skills.D．It is a global organization with headquarters in America正确答案：D解析：访谈一开始就谈到了Toastmasters的相关背景。
专业八级分类模拟412
专业八级分类模拟412(总分：157.60，做题时间：90分钟)一、PART Ⅰ READING COMPREHENSION(总题数：1，分数：100.00)Section AIn this section there are several passages followed by fourteen multiple-choice questions. For each multiple-choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Passage OneSocial circumstances in Early Modern England mostly served to repress women"s voices. Patriarchal culture and institutions constructed them as chaste, silent, obedient, and subordinate. At the beginning of the 17th century, the ideology of patriarchy, political absolutism, and gender hierarchy were reaffirmed powerfully by King James in The Trew Law of Free Monarchie and the Basilikon Doron; by that ideology the absolute power of God the supreme patriarch was seen to be imaged in the absolute monarch of the state and in the husband and father of a family. Accordingly, a woman"s subjection, first to her father and then to her husband, imaged the subjection of English people to their monarch, and of all Christians to God. Also, the period saw an outpouring of repressive or overtly misogynist sermons, tracts, and plays, detailing women"s physical and mental defects, spiritual evils, rebelliousness, shrewishness, and natural inferiority to men.Yet some social and cultural conditions served to empower women. During the Elizabethan era (1558—1603) the culture was dominated by a powerful Queen, who provided an impressive female example though she left scant cultural space for other women. Elizabethan women writers began to produce original texts but were occupied chiefly with translation. In the 17th century, however, various circumstances enabled women to write original texts in some numbers. For one thing, some counterweight to patriarchy was provided by female communities—mothers and daughters, extended kinship networks, close female friends, the separate court of Queen Anne (King James" consort) and her often oppositional masques and political activities. For another, most of these women had a reasonably good education (modern languages, history, literature, religion, music, occasionally Latin) and some apparently found in romances and histories more expansive terms for imagining women"s lives. Also, representation of vigorous and rebellious female characters in literature and especially on the stage no doubt helped to undermine any monolithic social construct of women"s nature and role.Most important, perhaps, was the radical potential inherent in the Protestant insistence on every Christian"s immediate relationship with God and primary responsibility to follow his or her individual conscience. There is plenty of support in St Paul"s epistles and elsewhere in the Bible for patriarchy and a wife"s subjection to her husband, but some texts (notably Galatians 3:28) inscribe a very different politics, promoting women"s spiritual equality. "There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither bond nor free, there is neither male nor female: for ye are all one in Jesus Christ. "Such texts encouraged some women to claim the support of God the supreme patriarch against the various earthly patriarchs who claimed to stand toward them in his stead.There is also the gap or slippage between ideology and common experience. English women throughout the 17th century exercised a good deal of accrual power: as managers of estates in their husbands" absences at court or on military and diplomatic missions; as members of guilds; as wives and mothers who apex during the English Civil War and Interregnum (1640—1660), as the execution of the King and the attendant disruption of social hierarchies led many women to seize new roles—as preachers, as prophetesses, as deputies for exiled royalist husbands, as writers of religious and political tracts.(此文选自 The Guardian)Passage TwoAnother milestone on the journey towards digital cash was passed on November 13th. That date marked the emergence from beta-testing in America of V. me, a "digital wallet" that holds multiple payment cards in a virtual repository. Instead of providing their personal details and card numbers to pay for stuff online, customers just enter a username and a password. The service is provided by Visa, a giant card-payment network whose headquarters is in the heart of Silicon Valley, close to a host of technology firms which would love to get their hands on a chunk of the global payments business.In the short term new technology is actually boosting usage of plastic. Smartphone apps often require users to enter their card details to pay for services. Firms such as Square and PayPal have developed tiny card readers that plug into smartphones and allow small traders using their software to accept payments cheaply. Ed McLaughlin, who oversees emerging payments technologies at MasterCard, reckons such developments have added 1.2m new businesses over the past 12 months to the card firms" list of merchants.But even if plastic cards eventually go the way of vinyl records, card networks should still prosper because they too are investing heavily in new technology and have several built-in advantages. Visa is betting its member banks can help it to narrow the gap with rivals like PayPal, for instance, which is part of eBay and has grown to 117m active users thanks in part to its use on the auction site. Over 50 financial institutions are supporting the launch of V. me, which accepts non-Visa cards in its wallet, too. MasterCard and others are also touting digital wallets, some of which can hold digital coupons and tickets as well as card details.Before long all of these wallets are likely to end up on mobile phones, which can be used to buy things in stores and other places. This is where firms such as Square, which has developed its own elegant and easy-to-use mobile wallet, and Google have been focusing plenty of energy. Jennifer Schulz, Visa"s global head of e-commerce, predicts there will be a shake-out that leaves only a few wallet providers standing. Thanks to their trusted brands, big budgets and payments savvy, one or more card companies will be among them.Card networks are also taking stakes in innovative firms to keep an eye on potentially disruptive technologies. Visa owns part of Square, which recently struck a deal with Starbucks to make its mobile-payment service available in 7,000 of the coffee chain"s outlets in America. Visa has also invested in Monitise, a mobile-banking specialist. American Express, for its part, has set up a $ 100m digital-commerce fund, one of whose investments is in iZettle, a Square-like firm based in Sweden.So far few have tried to create new payments systems from scratch. Those that have toyed with the idea, such as ISIS, a consortium of telecoms companies in America, have concluded it is far too costly and painful to deal with regulators, set up anti-fraud systems and so forth. Fears about the security of new-fangled payment systems also play into the hands of established card firms.Still, they cannot relax. Bryan Keane, an analyst at Deutsche Bank, points out that rival digital wallets could promote alternatives to credit and debit cards, including stored-value cards and direct bank-account-to-bank-account payments. Big retailers in America have clubbed together to create their own digital wallet and are likely to prompt users to choose the payment options that are cheapest for the chains, by offering them incentives like coupons.Jack Dorsey, the boss of Square and a co-founder of Twitter, agrees that digital wallets will make the trade-offs between various payment options clearer to consumers and reckons this will force card networks to up their game. "They had a major innovation 60 years ago" he says, "and there have been very, very few innovations since." Some in the payments world might quibble with that but one thing they can all agree on is that the spread of mobile payments will bring manymore customers. MasterCard"s Mr. McLaughlin claims that 85% of commerce still involves cash and cheques. As mobile purchases take off, more of this activity will move online.The biggest prize of all lies in emerging markets, where a lack of financial infrastructure is hastening the rise of phone-based payments systems such as M-Pesa, which serves Kenya and several other markets. Visa has snapped up Fundamo, which specialises in payment services for the unbanked and underbanked in emerging markets; MasterCard has set up a joint venture called Wanda with Telefónica, a Spanish telecoms firm, which aims to boost mobile payments across Latin America. The payments world is changing fast but the card firms are not about to let rivals swipe their business.(此文选自 The Economist)Passage ThreeMy car"s gear lever does more than dispense transmission rations. It panders to me. It cajoles and beckons. It wears out its chrome heart to make my life easier, for—as its manufacturers are quick to claim—the company devotes hundreds of man-hours to testing and retesting each possible design and configuration to see which does the job best. Which shape fits most naturally into a human hand? Which covering is most pleasing? And which overall look makes your fingers tremble with anticipation?This curious pursuit, reputedly espoused by and entrenched within all of today"s major manufacturing firms, is called ergonomics, defined as "the degree to which the system has been developed with the human user in mind". Personally, I like the sound of the word. I wish only that the results lived up to the hype.Recently, for example, I purchased a rowing machine for home exercise. Within minutes of unwrapping my booty, I realized the unit I was so cautiously dissecting did not in any way match the color picture on the box. The assembly instructions hinted darkly that putting the contraption together would be only slightly less complex than building a nuclear reactor. Perseverance paid off, however. After applying equal amounts of time and luck, I was finally able to make my rower. But the only cogent ergonomic thought that went into the design of this product was the shape of the cardboard container it was packed in. That"s ergonomics in the real world.Take videocassette recorders: VCRs are like snowflakes—no two are quite alike. While all are intended to do more or less the same things—play, record now, record later—the actual designs are about as consistent and predictable as a roulette wheel. If you lose or misplace the manual, you end up with little more than a digital clock.And then there is the ubiquitous microwave oven. What do those "low" , "medium" and "high" settings really hint at? Show me a consumer sufficiently schooled in the effect of microwave transmissions on food molecules to properly—and intuitively—select the optimal setting! Only small children, bless then, seem to know how to make these machines bend to their wills. "Put it on high and blast it," says my nine-year-old niece. I do. It works.Can anyone truly say the modern car is designed with the human user in mind? Recall the last time you plopped behind the wheel of your neighbor"s new vehicle. How quickly did you find the knob that popped open the bonnet or the hood? Were you able to adjust the left-side mirror without adjusting the right-side mirror, activating the headlight washers or wipers, or possibly lowering the convertible top? Did you know which lever to push or pull to slide the seat forward without simultaneously upsetting the angle of the seat back or exploding the pneumatically pressured backsupport?As with most of today"s products, the only thing we really know about car seats is that, given the correct incentive, they will move. Beyond that, you—and your ergonomically inspired intuition— are completely on your own.(此文选自 The Economist)Passage FourTo avoid the various foolish opinions to which mankind is prone, no superhuman genius is required.A few simple rules will keep you, not from all error, but from silly error.If the matter is one that can be settled by observation, make the observation yourself. Aristotle could have avoided the mistake of thinking that women have fewer teeth than men, by the simple device of asking Mrs. Aristotle to keep her mouth open while he counted. He did not do so because he thought he knew. Thinking that you know when in fact you don"t is a fatal mistake, to which we are all prone. I believe myself that hedgehogs eat black beetles, because I have been told that they do; but if I were writing a book on the habits of hedgehogs, I should not commit myself until I had seen one enjoying this unappetizing diet. Aristotle, however, was less cautious. Ancient and medieval authors knew all about unicorns and salamanders; not one of them thought it necessary to avoid dogmatic statements about them because he had never seen one of them. Many matters, however, are less easily brought to the test of experience. If, like most of mankind, you have passionate convictions on many such matters, there are ways in which you can make yourself aware of your own bias. If an opinion contrary to your own makes you angry, that is a sign that you are subconsciously aware of having no good reason for thinking as you do. If someone maintains that two and two are five, or that Iceland is on the equator, you feel pity rather than anger, unless you know so little of arithmetic or geography that his opinion shakes your own contrary conviction. The most savage controversies are those about matters as to which there is no good evidence either way. Persecution is used in theology, not in arithmetic, because in arithmetic there is knowledge, but in theology there is only opinion. So whenever you find yourself getting angry about a difference of opinion, be on your guard; you will probably find, on examination, that your belief is going beyond what the evidence warrants.A good way of ridding yourself of certain kinds of dogmatism is to become aware of opinions held in social circles different from your own. When I was young, I lived much outside my own country—in France, Germany, Italy, and the United States. I found this very profitable in diminishing the intensity of insular prejudice. If you cannot travel, seek out people with whom you disagree, and read a newspaper belonging to a party that is not yours. If the people and the newspaper seem mad, perverse, and wicked, remind yourself that you seem so to them. In this opinion both parties may be right, but they cannot both be wrong. This reflection should generate a certain caution. For those who have enough psychological imagination, it is a good plan to imagine an argument with a person having a different bias. This has one advantage, and only one, as compared with actual conversation with opponents; this one advantage is that the method is not subject to the same limitations of time and space. Mahatma Gandhi deplored railways and steamboats and machinery; he would have liked to undo the whole of the industrial revolution. You may never have an opportunity of actually meeting any one who holds this opinion, because in Western countries most people take the advantages of modern technique for granted. But if you want to make sure that you are right in agreeing with the prevailing opinion, you will find it a good plan to test the arguments that occur to you by considering what Gandhi might have said in refutation of them.I have sometimes been led actually to change my mind as a result of this kind of imaginary dialogue, and, short of this, I have frequently found myself growing less dogmatic and cocksure through realizing the possible reasonableness of a hypothetical opponent.Be very wary of opinions that flatter your self-esteem. Both men and women, nine times out of ten, are firmly convinced of the superior excellence of their own sex. There is abundant evidence on both sides. If you are a man, you can point out that most poets and men of science are male; if you are a women, you can retort that so are most criminals. We are all, whatever part of the world we come from, persuaded that our own nation is superior to all others. Seeing that each nation has its characteristic merits and demerits, we adjust our standard of values so as to makeout that the merits possessed by our nation are the really important ones, while its demerits are comparatively trivial. Here, again, the rational man will admit that the question is one to which there is no demonstrably right answer. It is more difficult to deal with the self-esteem of man as man, because we cannot argue out the matter with some non-human mind. The only way I know of dealing with this general human conceit is to remind ourselves that man is a brief episode in the life of a small planet in a little corner of the universe, and that for aught we know, other parts of the cosmos may contain beings as superior to ourselves as we are to jellyfish.(此文选自 The Portable Atheist: Essential Readings for the Nonbeliever) （分数：100.10）(1).All of the following are characteristics of Early Modern England EXCEPT that ______. (Passage One)（分数：4.55）A.women"s merits were extolled in publications √B.women"s opinions were not askedC.women were subject to their husbandsD.women were often referred to physical and mental defects解析：[解析] 细节题。
英语专业八级考试模拟试题（四）（1）
PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION In Section A, B and C you will hear everything ONLY ONCE. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct response to each question on the Colored Answer Sheet. SECTION A TALK Question 1 to 5 refer to the talk in this section. At the end of the talk you will be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the talk. 1. The rules for the first private library in the US were drawn up by ____ A) the legislature. B) the librarian. C) John Harvard. D) the faculty members. 2. The earliest public library was also called a subscription library because books ____ A) could be lent to everyone. B) could be left by book stores. C) were lent to students and the faculty. D) were lent on a membership basis. 3. Which of the following is NOT stated as one of the purposes of free public libraries? A) To provide readers with comfortable reading rooms. B) To provide adults with opportunities of further education. C) to serve the community's cultural and recreational needs. D) to supply technical literature on specialized subjects. 4. The major difference between modern private and public libraries lies in ____ A) readership. B) content. C) service. D) function. 5. The main purpose of the talk is ____ A) to introduce categories of books in US libraries. B) to demonstrate the importance of US libraries. C) to explain the roles of different US libraries. D) to define the circulation system of US libraries. SECTION B INTERVIEW Question 6 to 10 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following question. Now listen to the interview. 6. Nancy became a taxi driver because ____ A) she owned a car. B) she drove well. C) she liked drivers' uniforms. D) it was her childhood dream. 7. According to her, what was the most difficult about becoming a taxi driver? A) The right sense of direction. B) The sense of judgment. C) The skill of maneuvering. D) The size of vehicle. 8. What does Nancy like best about her job? A) Seeing interesting building in the city. B) Being able to enjoy the world of nature. C) Driving in unsettled weather. D) Taking long drives outside the city. 9. It can be inferred from the interview that Nancy is a(n) ____ mother. A) uncaring B) strict C) affection D) permissive 10. The people Nancy meets are ____ A) rather difficult to please. B) rude to women drivers. C) talkative and generous with tips. D) different in personality. SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLING In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONLY ONCE. While listening to the lecture, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a 15-minute gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE after the mini lecture. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. On Public Speaking When people are asked to give a speech in public for the first time, they usually feel terrified no matter how well they speak in informal situations. In fact, public speaking is the same as any other form of (16) that people are usually engaged in. Public speaking is a way for a speaker to (17) his thoughts with the audience. Moreover, the speaker is free to decide on the (18) of his speech. Two key points to achieve success in public speaking: —— (19) of the subject matter. —— good preparation of the speech. To facilitate their understanding, inform your audience beforehand of the (20) of your speech and end it with a summary. Other key points to bear in mind: —— be ware of your audience through eye contact. —— vary the speed of (21) —— use the microphone skillfully to (22) yourself in speech. —— be brief in speech; always try to make your message (23) Example: the best remembered inaugural speeches of the US presidents are (24) once. Therefore brevity is essential to (25) of a speech. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. PART II PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION The following passage contains ten errors .Each line contains a maximum of one error. In each case only one word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way: For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line. For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a "^" sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line. For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash "/" and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line. EXAMPLE When ^ art museum wants a new exhibit, (1) an it (never/) buys things in finished form and hangs (2) never them on the wall. When a natural history museum wants an exhibition, it must often build it. (3) exhibit The grammatical words which play so large a part in English grammar are the most part sharply and obviously different from the lexical words. A rough and ready difference which may seem the most obvious is that grammatical words have "less (26) meaning", but in fact some grammarians have called them (27) "empty" words as opposed in the "full" words of vocabulary. But (28) this is a rather misled way of expressing the distinction. Although a (29) word like the is not the name of something as man is, it is very far away from being meaningless; there is a sharp difference in (30) meaning between "man is vile" and "the man is vile", yet the is the single vehicle of this difference in meaning. (31) Moreover, grammatical words differ considerably among (32) themselves as the amount of meaning they have even in the lexical sense. Another name for the grammatical words has been (33) "little words". But size is by no meaning a good criterion for distinguishing the grammatical words of English, when we consider (34) that we have lexical words as go, man, say, car. Apart from this, however, there is a good deal of truth in what some people (35) say: we certainly do create a great number of obscurity when we omit them. This is illustrated not only in the poetry of Robert Browning but in the prose of telegrams and newspaper headlines. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35.。
专业四八级：英语专业八级考前全真模拟试卷答案与详解[1]-专业四八级 (1)
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专业四八级：英语专业八级考前全真模拟试卷答案与详解[1]-专业四八级英语专业八级考前全真模拟试卷答案与详解[1]PART Ⅰ LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A1.答案A【解题思路】了解讲话者正在讲的内容。
【详细解答】文中提到“caution”，“discernment”，“how todistinguish the right from the wrong”，但都是作为解释“prudence”的铺垫，“prudence”为“wisdom to deal with practical matters.”2.答案D【解题思路】弄清圣托马斯·阿奎那斯对“审慎”的比喻。
【详细解答】this talk中有：St’ Thomas Aquinas referred to prudence as the “rudder virtue”，the one that “steers” the others.Without it,we are like someone adrift in a boat,tossed in this direetion or that by the wind,the waves,and the current.This,the “prudent” person is one who never “rocks the boat” and is...“rudder”为“steering device on a ship or vehicle,”驾驶;“rock the boat”为“do harm”破坏。
3.答案B【解题思路】弄清文中所指的“discernment”的近义词【详细解答】“discernment”为“the ability to detect or perceive with the eyes or intellect.”明辨，分辨。
讲话者特别指出：The word that actually comes cloest to functioning as a synonym for prudence is “discernment.”4.答案C【解题思路】弄清一个审慎的人的最主要的特点。
专业八级-754
专业八级-754(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、PART Ⅰ LISTENING COMPREHENSION(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、 Rainmaking(总题数：1，分数：10.00)填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：1946）解析：[听力原文]1-10RainmakingBefore 1946, rainmakers were either liars or honest people who happened to have good luck. Scientific rainmaking was started in that year by Vincent J. Schaefer, a scientist at the laboratories of the General Electric Company in New York State. His success was the result of a lucky accident that changed years of failure into victory.During World War Ⅱ , Dr. Irving Langmuir, a scientist, was hired by the General Electric Company to study how and why ice forms on the wings of airplanes. He and a young assistant named Schaefer went to a mountain in the state of New Hampshire, where snowstorms are common and cold winds blow. While in New Hampshire, Langmuir and Schaefer were surprised to learn that often the temperature of the clouds surrounding then was far below the freezing point, and yet ice did not form in the clouds. After the War, Schaefer experimented with a machine that created cold, moist air similar to the air found in clouds. To imitate the moist air of a cloud, Schaefer would breathe into the machine. Then he would drop into the freezer a bit of powder, sugar, or some other substance. For weeks and months he tried everything he could imagine. Nothing happened. No crystals of ice were formed. None of the substances would serve as the center of a snow crystal or raindrop. One July morning, Schaefer was dropping in bits of various substances and watching the unsuccessful results. A friend suggested that they go to eat lunch, and Schaefer gladly went with him. As usual, he left the cover of the freezer up, since cold air sinks and would not escape from the box. Returning from lunch, Schaefer was beginning to perform his experiments again when he happened to look at the temperature of the freezer. It had risen to a point higher than that required for ice crystals to remain solid. The warm summer weather had arrived without his noticing it. He would have to be more careful in the future.There were two choices now. He could close the cover and wait for the freezer itself to lower the air temperature, or he could make the process occur faster by adding dry ice, a gas in solid form that is very, very cold. He chose the later plan. He decided to try a container of dry ice. AS he dropped the steaming white dry ice into the freezer, he happened to breathe out a large amount of air. And there, before his eyes, it happened! In the ray of light shining into the freezer, he saw tiny pieces of something in his breath. He knew immediately that they were ice crystals. Then he realized what had happened! He had made ice crystals by cooling the breath so much that the liquid had to form crystals! Schaefer called to his helpers to come and watch. Then he began to blow his breath into the freezer and drop large pieces of dry ice through it to create crystals which became a tiny snowstorm falling slowly to the floor of his laboratory.填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：accident）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：ice）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：snowstorms）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：freezing point）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：cover）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：higher）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：dry）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：breathe out）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：crystals）解析：四、SECTION B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、 Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.(总题数：1，分数：5.00)（分数：5.00）A.He felt tired and sleepy.B.He was desperate for a drink of water. √C.lie had a poor appetite.D.He went to the doctor and had a urine test.解析：[听力原文]1-5Interviewer: Richard, you're one of Virginia's patients.Richard: That's right.Interviewer: Erin... how did you first know that you had diabetes?Richard: Erm ... I was on a camping holiday with my parents and my mother had recently read an article in a woman's magazine which described the symptoms which are desperate thirst and also urinating a lot. And... er... because we were camping, my mother filled up the water buckets for the morning the night before and,., er... she realized one morning that she'd filled two 2-gallon buckets and found only half a bucket left in the morning, so I'd drunk 3 gallons of water during the night and of course urinated it all out as well. It was quite soggy round the tent! Interviewer: Good heavens! And did you feel iii?Richard: Yeah, you feel really iii, you feel like very thirsty, really thirsty and sweating a lot and just tired lethargic, you can't do anything.Interviewer: So she then took you off to the doctor, did she?Richard: Yeah, where.., to a GP who did a urine test which was the standard way of testing for diabetes and of course I... my sugar content was sky high; and that's an automatic sign really that you're diabetic.Interviewer: And how old were you when all this happened?Richard: I was five and one half.Interviewer: So are those symptoms common? Is that what everybody suffers from? This thirst? Richard: Yes on the whole... I mean.., when.., erm.., well, put it this way, your body needs sugar.., erm to function, just you know for sleeping, working, playing, all those sorts of things. And it's insulin that.., erm... enables your body to use the sugar, and so if you haven't got enough,the sugar builds up in tile blood and you actually get.., well, in fact you get dehydrated really and the only way your body can get rid of the sugar is to send it out through the kidneys, through the urine. So you send out loads and loads of urine and so you get this awful thirst and so that..., that' s usually the first symptoms, especially with somebody young, you know, who's going to actually need insulin.Interviewer: So what's the treatment now for diabetes?Richard: Well it... I mean, it depends when and sort of how you get diabetes. If... on the whole, below the age of, erm about 30, you're going to need to have insulin injections for the rest of your life because you're, you're not producing ..., you're just not producing enough insulin and probably no insulin after a while. But .... erm.., there are lots.., it's almost what 2% of the population, possibly more, now have diabetes anti in the sort of the later age range people develop it... um... and sometimes it can be controlled just by diet or with diet and tablets. Interviewer: And the effect on people's diet, does it vary for each individual, or are there basic rules that all diabetics follows?Richard: What you advise for diabetes now is... um.., the diet that you recommend for everybody, you know, that you have.., urn.., plenty of fresh vegetables and fruit, and.., um.., enough carbohydrate to fill you up... um.., and preferably sort of high fire carbohydrate, and.., um... cut down on fats, which.., it's actually the opposite almost that you were recommended 10 years ago.A.He was in his puberty.B.He was in his childhood. √C.He was in his middle age.D.He was in his sixties.解析：A.A shortage of insulin. √B.A shortage of water.C.A heavy load of sugar.D.A heavy load of urine.解析：A.Eat more vegetables and fruit, but less fat. √B.Do more exercises to get rid of sugar.C.Drink as much water as possible.D.Stop eating sweets and candies.解析：A.A proper diet and tablets.B.A new kidney for him.C.Insulin injections. √D.An operation to remove sugar.解析：六、SECTION C(总题数：0，分数：0.00)七、 Questions 6 to 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each question.Now listen to the news.(总题数：1，分数：3.00)（分数：3.00）A.After they had been on hunger strike.B.After they lodged strong protest.C.After the court failed to get enough evidence.D.After the victim testified they were innocent. √解析：[听力原文]6-8A special antiterrorist court in Paris has acquitted three members of the extremist Action Directe Group of attempted murder after the alleged victim testified they were innocent. The three have been on hunger strike since the beginning of December in protest of being held in solitary confinement. One of them, Nathalie Menigon, was wheeled in and out of the court in a wheel chair for the two-day trial. They have already been sentenced to ten years’ imprisonment for criminal conspiracy and are to face other charges.A.They were beaten up by the police guard.B.They were not given enough food to eat.C.They were put in solitary confinement. √D.They were charged without any evidence.解析：A.Two days. √B.The whole month of December.C.Ten days.D.Only the first week of December.解析：八、Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each question.Now listen to the news.(总题数：1，分数：2.00)（分数：2.00）A.More than 8,000,000 dollars.B.More than 15,000,000 dollars.C.More than 50,000,000 dollars. √D.More than 25,000,000 dollars.解析：[听力原文]9-10The police in Brazil have recovered most of the eight million dollars in cash that disappeared last month, while en route to Argentina from the United States Federal Reserve Board in New York. The police said four men who worked for a baggage handling company at Rio de Janeiro airport were later arrested. The money was discovered by chance during a drug investigation. The stolen money was part of shipment of more than 50 million dollars being transferred from New York to the Central Bank of Argentina.A.During handling of baggage at the airport.B.During a drug investigation at the airport. √C.During investigation of the accident.D.During handling of documents.解析：九、PART Ⅱ READING COMPREHENSION(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十、TEXT A(总题数：4，分数：4.00)1.What happened in scientific circles after the Curies had completed the final step?（分数：1.00）A.Scientists used deductive reasoning to test their investigations,B.Scientists were concerned with probability in their investigations.C.Scientists read their reports and examined their investigations. √D.Scientists were critical of their investigations.解析：倒数第二段谈到进行科学研究的最后一个步骤是检验理论。
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专业八级分类模拟425(总分：42.50，做题时间：90分钟)一、PART Ⅰ LANGUAGE USAGE(总题数：1，分数：25.00)The question of whether languages shape the way we thinkgo back centuries; Charlemagne proclaimed that "to have a second 1language is to have a second soul". But the idea went out of favor to 2scientists when Noam Chomsky"s theories of language gainedpopularity in the 1960s and 1970s. Dr. Chomsky proposed thatthere was a universal grammar for all human languages—essentially, 3that languages don"t really differ from one another in significantways. And because languages didn"t differ from one another, thetheory went, it made none sense to ask whether linguistic differences 4led to differences in thinking.The search for the linguistic universals yielded interesting 5data on languages, and after decades of work, not a single 6proposing universal has withstood scrutiny. Instead, as linguists 7probed deeper into the world"s languages (7,000 or so, only afraction of them analyzed), innumerable predictable differences 8emerged.Of course, just because people talk differently doesn"tnecessarily mean they think differently. In the past decade,cognitive scientists have begun to measure not just how people talk,also how they think, asking whether our understanding of even such 9fundamental domains of experience that space, time and causality 10could be constructed by language.（分数：25.00）解析：go—goes[解析] 主谓不一致。
此处意为“语言是否会影响我们的思维方式这一问题早在几个世纪前就被提出来了”。
该句主语是the question，是单数形式，因此谓语动词用单数形式，故将go改为goes。
解析：第二个to—with[解析] 介词误用。
此处意为“但是这一观点并不受科学家们的欢迎”。
go out of favor with为固定搭配，意思是“不受……的欢迎”，故将to改为with。
解析：was—is[解析] 时态错误。
此处意为“乔姆斯基博士提出，所有的人类语言都有一个共同的语法体系”。
由于宾语从句表述的是客观事实，因此用一般现在时，故将was改为is。
解析：none—no[解析] 代词误用。
此处意为“研究语言差异是否会导致思维方式差异是毫无意义的”。
make no sense为固定搭配，故将none改为no。
解析：the— [解析] 冠词冗余。
此处意为“探究语言普遍性”。
linguistic universals并非特指，故将定冠词the去掉。
解析：and—but[解析] 连词误用。
该句意思是“探究语言普遍性得出了有趣的数据，但是在经过几十年的研究之后，仍然没有一种普遍性能经受得起详细审查。
”根据句意可知，该句前后两个分句之间的逻辑关系是转折，故将and改为but。
解析：proposing—proposed[解析] 非谓语动词误用。
universal和propose之间是动宾关系，应该用过去分词修饰名词universal，故将proposing改为proposed。
解析：predictable—unpredictable[解析] 语义错误。
该句意为“相反，随着语言学家对世界语言的更深入研究，很多不可预测的差异出现了。
”根据句意可知，这些差异一定是不可预测的，故将predictable 改为unpredictable。
解析：∧also—but[解析] 连词缺失。
该句意为“……认知学家不仅开始研究人们是如何谈话的，而且也研究他们是如何思考的……。
”not only...but also是固定搭配，因此在also前加上but。
解析：∧at—as[解析] 连词误用。
space，time and causality是对fundamental domains of experience 的具体举例，且such...as为固定搭配，故将that改为as。
二、PART Ⅱ WRITING(总题数：1，分数：17.50)1.题目要求：Many middle-aged and elderly women can be seen participating public square dancing, in an effort to exercise and socialize with peers. But nearby residents are losing their temper for the noise. How do you think of public square dancing? The following are opinions from two sides. Read the excerpts carefully and write your response in about 300 words, in which you should:1. summarize briefly the opinions from both sides;2. give your comment.Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.Square dancing participantsA retiree told the Los Angeles Times:It"s good for my health to be able to come out and exercise.I used to be quick to lose my temper, but now nothing bothers me. When I dance, I forget all my cares. And I can also hike up mountains with little effort.A resident surnamed Wang: I think there should be some public education, telling residents how to do things in a proper way to protect other people"s living environment. Everyone has the responsibility to reduce noise pollution.50-year-old Beijinger Wang Xin: It"s an activity that can help people socialize and increase confidence. Maybe you don"t have many dancing skills or the confidence to dance in front of the public, but you can still enjoy it.33-year-old Yang Hu: My mother is a fan of square dancing. She dances about one hour with her friends after dinner every day. I see nothing wrong with square dancing. After all, there are very few entertainment activities for middle-aged and elderly people.Wang Yi: The key is to set up a community organization and management. If these communities can gather these individuals together and organize them to dance in the same location within fixed time durations, such problems will be solved.Nearby residentsA man surnamed Shi: I just wanted some sleep and I shouted loudly because I was so angry about the annoying noise. I think square dancing is a good activity but the music they play is always too loud to tolerate.One netizen: I think it"s OK to dance in a park but not in a community. I feel lucky because the elderly in my community have their schedules. They dance for 30 minutes from 20:00 to 20:30. I can handle it. Some complain about people dancing in residential areas, and some complain about salesgirls who dance in front of their shops every morning.A young father: It"s in my face, in my ears, in fact, right bang in my home. I have an infant daughter, only four months old. I don"t know how to get her to sleep with the noise. I fear that the first words she will speak are the saccharine lyrics that waft in daily through the walls and windows.The officialA staff member from a residential committee office in Beijing"s Chaoyang district: There are many complaints of the noise of public square dancing. Sometimes we get over 10 complaints from our residents during summer. Because in the summer it"s very. hot and people want to open their windows to be cool. The loud music is more difficult to tolerate than in the winter.（分数：17.50）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：()解析：[高分范文]My Views on Public Square DancingPublic square dancing is a popular pastime in China, particularly among older women. But they"re considered a nuisance among some local residents, who complain about being disturbed by the loud music. Therefore, a simmering dispute between enthusiastic dancers and their irritated neighbors made headlines and triggered a heated discussion.There are quite a number of people approving the participation in the public square dancing. One of the main benefits they advocate lies in the huge positive influence on improving the physical health of the participants. Secondly, public square dancing provides a great opportunity for the participants to socialize with their peers, which cheers them up and brightens their mentality. However, public square dancing is strongly opposed by many residents living near the square dancing venues, mainly because the annoyingly loud noise of the music. Besides, the dancing takes up too much public space, making it impossible for other nearby residents to practice other forms of exercise.Weighing up these different views, I am inclined to agree with the positive party. To begin with, it is my firm belief that each and every citizen has the right to make use of the public facilities to be engaged in physical exercise, especially for those middle-aged and elderly women who are lacking in other forms of activities. What"s more, it is out of question that public square dancing exerts positive influence on the participants" physical as well as mental health. Unlike youngsters, the middle-aged and elderly women don"t have many means to entertain themselves, and taking part in the square dancing serves as an occasion for them to make friends and communicate with others. Last but not least, as to the complaints over the noise, legislators should try out pilot legislation to make regulations which serve the interests of both sides. And only in this way can frictions between square dancing groups and those opposed to it be reduced.To conclude, Chinese senior citizens" willingness to exercise is good news for both the society and their children. Encouraging public square dancing by providing more convenient venues and facilities is not only conducive to helping senior citizens lead a healthy life, but also has a harmonious effect on society.。