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2013年英语专业四级考试真题及答案（完整版）

全国英语专业四级试题(13)

全国英语专业四级试题(13)With reference to your advertisement in the “Daily Star”, I’d like to apply for the position of translator with your firm. I hold a degree in German and French from the University of London. And I have worked as a translator for the past three years with Watson & Sons, Ltd., manufacturer of laboratory instruments, translating business correspondence from French and German into English. I am 25 years old and unmarried. I enjoy living and working in different countries and I should welcome the chance of moving to Belgium.Yours sincerely,(Miss) Janet HolbrookeTEXT GFirst read the following question.83. The passage is mainly about___.A. lonelinessB. experienceC.memoryD. isolationNow read Text G quickly and mark your answer on your answer sheet.Loneliness is a curious thing. Most of us can remember feeling most lonely when we were not in fact alone at all, but when we were surrounded by people. Everyone has experienced, at some time, that strong sense of isolation that comes over you when you are at a party or in a room full of happy laughing people. It suddenly seems to you as ifeverybody knows everybody else, everybody knows what is going on; everybody, that is, except you.This feeling of loneliness which can overcome you when you are in a crowd is very difficult to get rid of. People living alone are advised to tackle their loneliness by joining a club or a society, by going out and meeting people.TEXT HFirst read the following question.84. The author mainly discusses ___ of public transportation.A. the priceB. the typesC. the improvementD. the advantageNow read Text H quickly and mark your answer on your answer sheet.The price of public transportation in Beijing has doubled twice since 1989, but it is still a bargain. Using the subway and minibuses used to show class status; now people of all classes take them, while some wealthy prefer taxis or private cars. What a change in just a few years! But there are downfalls to having more cars on the roads. Fortunately, the government is aware of the problem. No-lead gasoline is the only one permitted in the city, and the rest of the country follows. Thousands of trees are planted in an d around the city every year. Children are taught why and how to protect the environment. At the same time, public transportation has marked real progress: buses are everywhere and runfrequently. We no longer see those old buses with broke n windows. Instead, there are fast buses, double-decker buses, air-conditioned o r heated buses, all offering a good service.TEXT IFirst read the following questions.85. Each participating team should at least have ___A. twoB.threeC.fourD. five86. Participants can bring along their ___ to the competition.A. Christmas treesB. Christmas presentsC. festival costumesD. decoration materials。

2013年12月大学英语四级阅读理解(附答案解析)

2014年6月大学英语四级阅读理解新题型匹配练习题练习1Part ⅢReading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section B(原快速阅读理解调整为长篇阅读理解，篇章长度和难度不变。

篇章后附有10个句子，每句一题。

每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落，要求考生找出与每句所含信息相匹配的段落。

)Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statementsattached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.How to Make Peace with Your Workload[A] Swamped (忙碌的),under the gun, just struggling to stay above water...; whatever office cliche you employ to depict it, we"ve all been in that situation where we feellike we might be swallowed up by our workload. Nonetheless many a way may be used tomanage your to-do list to prevent feeling overwhelmed. How to make peace with yourworkload once and for all goes as follows.[B] Get organized. “Clear the deadwood out of your desk and keep your office inshape, which enhances your capability to handle other tasks and raises the probability that you’ll retrieve the items you do need in a faster and easier fashion,”　says Jeff Davidson who works as a work/life expert and writer of more than 50 books on workplaceissues. “When something can be disposed, let it go, given in reality most of what youretain is replaceable.” Joel Rudy, vice president of operations for PhotographicSolutions, with better than thirty years of business management experience, believesthat keepi ng organized is a must. “　Messy work areas are nonproductive in some measure. Provided that you can"t locate a document or report easily because it’s lost in a pile of mess, then you have a problematic situation,” he says. “Thereby you are supposedto take the time to tidy up your work areas and keep your important files, manuals andreports in an accessible location, which will maximize your efficiencies.”[C] Make a to-do list, then cover it up. It may sound weird, but it works, says Jessica Carlson, an account executive at Bluefish Design Studio which is an advertisingconsulting firm. Carlson urges her team to utilize to-do lists to stay on track andhi ghlight items that are a priority. “Cover up the list, with the exception of onehigh-priority task at one time,” she suggests. “This will allow you to focus betteron the task at hand; otherwise, it will be easy to get overwhelmed if you’re reading through a to-do list that spans an entire page. Concentrating on a single item will make your tasks appear like they are more doable,” Carlson says.[D] Stop multitasking. Despite what you may consider multitasking, it’s counterproductive. Unless you’re drinking coffee while scanning your morning e-mails, you’re not saving any time by attempting to do ten things at once. “If you find yourself getting tangled in too many things, it may be of much necessity of you to re-evaluateyour involvement,” Rudy says. “Your mind will wander from one topic to another andyou may end up never accomplishing a thing.” Rudy recommends the best way to stop multitasking is to create priority lists with deadlines. “When applicable, completeone project before you move further on to the next one,” he says.[E ] Set time limits. Deborah Chaddock-Brown, a work-at-home single parent, saysshe’s frequently overwhelmed by the demands of maintaining order in her residence and running her own business. Still, she manages to “do it all” by setting a time limitfor each task. “I have the type of personality that flits (轻轻地掠过)from thing to thing because I do have so much on my plate,” Brown says. “As a consequence I assigntime slots: For the next 15 minutes I will participate in social media for the purposeof marketing my business (not sending photos or playing Farmville) and that is the only thing I am about to do for the next 15 minutes. When the time is up, I move on to thenext task. That way, at night I don’t end up with a pile of tasks to accomplish eventhoug h I felt busy all day.”[F ] Talk to your manager. “Quite often, people are working on things that are nolonger a top priority, but someone forgot to tell them (that they’re no longer important). There are usually clear priorities in the manager’s head; he or she has just not donea great job communicating those with the employee,”　says Holly Green, CEO o f The Human Factor. Green’s suggestion unfolds in this manner: “If you find yourself confrontedwith too many responsibilities, sit down, note the significant things you are in charge of, and go to your manager to have a conversation to discuss priorities, trade-offs,time commitments and interdependencies required to do each thing well, and then ask what you should stop working on or work on less so you can get the right things done.”　Green says managers should be willing to help sort out priorities, so long as employees havea can-do approach and aren’t just complaining about their workload.[G ] Eliminate time wasters. “If interruptions are keeping yo u from your responsibilities, learn how to deal with them accordingly,” says Eileen Roth, authorof Organizing for Dummies. Roth proposes the following suggestions to combat disruptions: “Use voice mail to cut down on telephone interruptions, turn off the alert that says‘You’ve got an e-mail; and give staff members a set time to visit you.”　Justin Gramm, president of Globella Buyers Realty, exemplifies Roth’s point. “Ｅ-mail had been a big time waster for me in the past because it was a constant interruption, causing me tolose focus on the task at hand,” he says. Since determined to check his e-mails only twice a day, Gramm says he has become much more efficient. “If people want to get more work done, they need to stop checking e-mails and get down to busin ess,” he says.[H] Assess your workload before taking on new tasks. “The paradox of today’s work environment is that the more you do, the more that’s expected of you,”　Davidson says.In order to better assess your workload, Davidson suggests asking yourself the following questions before agreeing to undertake new responsibilities: Is the task aligned (使一致)with your priorities and goals; Are you likely to be as prone to saying yes to such a request tomorrow or next week; What else could you do that would be more rewarding;What other pressing tasks and responsibilities are you likely to face; Does the otherparty have options other than you; Will he or she be crushed if you say no?[I] Want to know more? Most of our experts recommended books for additional tipson how to maximize efficiency, but one book was mentioned time and again. Check out The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People.46. “The more you do, the more you are expected to do”　has been a paradox in today’s work environment.47. As long as employees have a can-do attitude and do not just complain about their workload, the managers would like to help them decide what to do first.48. As a single parent, Deborah Chaddock-Brown finds it difficult to make a balance between business and housework.49. There are many useful methods of preventing people from feeling overwhelmed by workload.50. Messy work areas are nonproductive to some extent, so you are supposed to keepyour work areas tidy and important files at hand.51. To know more about how to maximize efficiency, The Seven Habits of HighlyEffective People is recommended.52. In Organizing for Dummies, using voice mail to cut down on telephoneinterruptions and turning off the e-mail notice are suggested in combatinginterruptions.53. According to Rudy, the best way to stop multitasking is to make a list ofpriorities and set deadlines for each task.54. Focusing on a single matter will make your tasks appear more possible to be done.55. In fact, most of what people retain is substitutable, so dispose the things that are disposable.练习2Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section B(原快速阅读理解调整为长篇阅读理解，篇章长度和难度不变。

2013年12月英语四级阅读真题及答案kj140331103107

Part ⅢReading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Is College a Worthy Investment?A）Why are we spending so much money on college? And why are we so unhappy about it? We all seem to agree that a college education is wonderful, and yet strangely we worry when we see families investing so much in this supposedly essential good. Maybe it’s time to ask a question that seems almost sacrilegious （大不敬的）：is all this investment in college education really worth it?B）The answer, I fear, is no. For an increasing number of kids, the extra time and money spent pursuing a college diploma will leave them worse off than they were before they set foot on campus.C）For my entire adult life, a good education has been the most important thing for middle-class households. My parents spent more educating my sister and me than they spent on their house, and they’re not the only ones…and, of course, for an increasing number of families, most of the cost of their house is actually the cost of living in a good school district. Questioning the value of a college education seems a bit like questioning the value of happiness, or fun.D）The average price of all goods and services has risen about 50 percent. But the price of a college education has nearly doubled in that time. Is the education that today’s students are getting twice as good? Are new workers twice as smart? Have they become somehow massively more expensive to educate?E）Perhaps a bit. Richard Vedder, an Ohio University economics professor, says, “I look at the data, and I see college costs rising faster than inflation up to the mid-1980s by 1 percent a year. Now I see them rising 3 to 4 percent a year over inflation. What has happened? The federal government has started dropping money out of airplanes.”Aid has increased, subsidized （补贴的）loans have become available, and “the universities have gotten the money.”Economist Bryan Caplan, who is writing a book about educa tion, agrees: “It’s a giant waste of resources that will continue as long as the subsidies continue.”F）Promotional literature for colleges and student loans often speaks of debt as an “investment in yourself.”But an investment is supposed to generate income to pay off the loans. More than half of all recent graduates are unemployed or in jobs that do not require a degree, and the amount of student-loan debt carried by households has increased more than five times since 1999. These graduates were told that a diploma was all they needed to succeed, but it won’t even get them out of the spare bedroom at Mom and Dad’s. For many, the most visible result of their four years is the loan payments, which now average hundreds of dollars a month on loan balances in the tens of thousands.G）It’s true about the money—sort of. College graduates now make 80 percent more than people who have only a high-school diploma, and though there are no precise estimates, the wage premium （高出的部分）for an outstanding school seems to be even higher. But th at’s nottrue of every student. It’s very easy to spend four years majoring in English literature and come out no more employable than you were before you went in. Conversely, chemical engineers straight out of school can easily make almost four times the wages of an entry-level high-school graduate.H）James Heckman, the Nobel Prize-winning economist, has examined how the returns on education break down for individuals with different backgrounds and levels of ability. “Even with these high prices, you’re still finding a high return for individuals wh o are bright and motivated,” he says. On the other hand, “if you’re not college ready, then the answer is no, it’s not worth it.” Experts tend to agree that for the average student, college is still worth it today, but they also agree that the rapid increase in price is eating up more and more of the potential return. For borderline students, tuition （学费）rise can push those returns into negative territory.I）Everyone seems to agree that the government, and parents, should be rethinking how we invest in higher education—and that employers need to rethink the increasing use of college degrees as crude screening tools for jobs that don’t really require college skills. “Employers seeing a surplus of college graduates and looking to fill jobs are just adding that requirement,”says Vedder. “In fact, a college degree becomes a job requirement for becoming a bar-tender.”J）We have started to see some change on the finance side. A law passed in 2007 allows many students to cap their loan payment at 10 percent of their income and forgives any balance after 25 years. But of course, that doesn’t control the cost of education; it just shifts it to taxpayers. It also encourages graduates to choose lower-paying careers, which reduces the financial return to education sti ll further. “You’re subsidizing people to become priests and poets and so forth,” says Heckman. “You may think that’s a good thing, or you may not.” Either way it will be expensive for the government.K）What might be a lot cheaper is putting more kids to work. Caplan notes that work also builds valuable skills—probably more valuable for kids who don’t naturally love sitting in a classroom. Heckman agrees wholeheartedly:“People are different, and those abilities can be shaped. That’s what we’ve learned, and public policy should recognize that.”L）Heckman would like to see more apprenticeship-style （学徒式）programs, where kids can learn in the workplace—learn not just specific job skills, but the kind of “soft skills,”like getting to work on time and getting along with a team, that are crucial for career success. “It’s about having mentors （指导者）and having workplace-based education,”he says. “Time and again I’ve seen examples of this kind of program working.”M）Ah, but how do we get there from here? With better public policy, hopefully, but also by making better individual decisions. “Historically markets have been able to handle these things,”says Vedder, “and I think eventually markets will handle this one. If it doesn’t improve soon, people are going to wake up and ask, ‘Why am I going to college?’”注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

2013.12 英语四级考试真题试卷(共3套)阅读

2013.12 英语四级考试真题试卷（第一套）阅读Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.In recent years, a growing body of research has shown that our appetite and food intake are influenced by a large number of factors besides our biological need for energy, including our eating environment and our perception of the food in front of us.Studies have shown, for instance, that eating in front of the TV (or a similar distraction) can increase both hunger and the amount of food consumed. Even simple visual cues, like plate size and lighting, have been shown to affect portion size and consumption.A new study suggested that our short-term memory also may play a role in appetite. Several hours after a meal, people's hunger levels were predicted not by how much they'd eaten but rather by how much food they'd seen in front of them-in other words, how much they remembered eating.This disparity(差异) suggests the memory of our previous meal may have a bigger influence on our appetite than the actual size of the meal, says Jeffrey M. Brunstrom, a professor of experimental psychology at the University of Bristol."Hunger isn't controlled solely by the physical characteristics of a recent meal. We have identified an independent role for memory for that meal," Brunstrom says. "This shows that the relationship between hunger and food intake is more complex than we thought." These findings echo earlier research that suggests our perception of food can sometimes trick our body's response to the food itself. In a 2011 study, for instance, people who drank the same 380-calorie(卡路里) milkshake on two separate occasions produced different levels of hunger-related hormones(荷尔蒙), depending on whether the shake's label said it contained 620 or 140 calories. Moreover, the participants reported feeling more full whenthey thought they'd consumed a higher-calorie shake.What does this mean for our eating habits? Although it hardly seems practical to trick ourselves into eating less, the new findings do highlight the benefits of focusing on our food and avoiding TV and multitasking while eating.The so-called mindful-eating strategies can fight distractions and help us control our appetite, Brunstrom says.56. What is said to be a factor affecting our appetite and food intake?A) How we perceive the food we eat.B) What ingredients the food contains.C) When we eat our meals.D) How fast we eat our meals.57. What would happen at meal time if you remembered eating a lot in the previous meal?A) You would probably be more picky about food.B) You would not feel like eating the same food.C) You would have a good appetite.D) You would not feel so hungry.58. What do we learn from the 2011 study?A) Food labels may mislead consumers in their purchases.B) Food labels may influence our body's response to food.C) Hunger levels depend on one's consumption of calories.D) People tend to take in a lot more calories than necessary.59. What does Brunstrom suggest we do to control our appetite?A) Trick ourselves into eating less.B) Choose food with fewer calories.C) Concentrate on food while eating.D) Pick dishes of the right size.60. What is the main idea of the passage?A) Eating distractions often affect our food digestion.B) Psychological factors influence our hunger levels.C) Our food intake is determined by our biological needs.D) Good eating habits will contribute to our health.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.As a society we might want to rethink the time and money spent on education, so that these resources can benefit a greater percentage of the population. Ideally, both high schools and colleges can prepare individuals for the ever-changing roles that are likely to be expected of them.High school degrees offer far less in the way of preparation for work than they might, or than many other nations currently offer, creating a growing skills gap in our economy. We encourage students to go on to college whether they are prepared or not. or have a clear sense of purpose or interest, and now have the highest college dropout rate in the world. We might look to other countries for models of how high schools can offer better training, as well as the development of a work ethic (勤奋工作的美德) and the intellectual skills needed for continued learning and development. 1 recommend Harvard's 2011 "Pathways to Prosperity" report for more attention to the "forgotten half" (those who do not go on to college) and ideas about how to address this issue.Simultaneously, the liberal arts become more important than ever. In a knowledgeeconomy where professional roles change rapidly and many college students are preparing for positions that may not even exist yet, the skill set needed is one that prepares them for change and continued learning.Learning to express ideas well in both writing and speech, knowing how to find information, and knowing how to do research are all solid background skills for a wide variety of roles, and such training is more important than any particular major in a liberal arts college. We need to continue to value broad preparation in thinking skills that will serve for a lifetime. Students also need to learn to work independently and to make responsible decisions. The lengthening path to adulthood appears exacerbated(恶化) by parental involvement in the college years. Given the rising investment in college education, parental concern is not surprising, but learning where and when to intervene(干预) will help students take more ownership of the outcomes of these increasingly costly educations.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

2013年英语专业四级真题及解析

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2013年英语四级考试阅读习题及答案解析

2013年英语四级考试阅读习题及答案解析(1)Reading is thought to be a kind of conversation between the reader an d the text. The reader putsquestions, as it were, to the text and gets answers.In the light of these he puts __1__ questions, andso on.For most of the time this “conversation”goeson below the level of consciousness. At times,however, we become __2__ of it. This is usu allywhen we are running into difficulties, when mismatch is occurring between __3__ and meaning.When successful matching is being experienc ed, our question of the text continues at the unconscious level.Different people __4__ with the text differently. Some stay very clos e to the words on thepage, others take off imaginatively from the w ords, interpreting, criticizing, analyzing andexamining. The former repr esents a kind of comprehension which is __5__ in the text. Thelatter represents __6__ levels of comprehension. The balance between theseis important,especially for advanced readers.There is another conversation which from our point of view is __7__ important, and that isto do not with what is read but with how i t is read. We call this a “process”conversation as__8__ to a “c ontent”conversation. It is concerned not with meaning but with the__9__ we employ in reading. If we are an advanced reader our ability hold a process conversation with a text is usually pretty well__10__. Not so our ability to hold a content conversation.A)opposed B)converse C)equally D)writtenE)developed F)strategies G)compared H)awakeI)higher J)expectations K)deal L)absolutelyM)aware N)better O)further参考答案及解析:1. 选O )。

2013年英语专四真题与答案解析

TESTFORENGLISHMAJORS(2013)PARTIDICTATION[15MIN]PleasewritethewholepassageonANSWERSHEETONE. PARTIILISTENINGCOMPREHENSION[20MIN]SECTIONACONVERSATIONSQuestions1to3arebasedonthefollowingconversation.Attheendoftheconversation, youwillbegiven15secondstoanswerthequestions.Now,listentotheconversation.1.Accordingtotheconversation,anexampleof“Christmastrimemings”couldbA.presents.B.fruitsC.sauceD.meat2.AChristmaslunchwouldincludeallthefollowingEXCECTA.roastturkeyB.sweetpotatoesC.meatD.carrots3.WhydidHelencometoRob?shouse?A.ShewantedtotalktoBob.B.ShehadcometohelpBob.C.Shehadbeeninvitedtolunch.D.Shewasinterestedincooking.Questions4to7arebasedonthefollowingconversation.Attheendofthe conversationyouwillbegiven20secondstoanswerthequestions.4.Whydidthewoman phonetheclub?A.Shewantedtoknowmoreaboutit.B.Shewasanewcomerandfeltlonely.C.Shewantedtolearnanewlanguage.D.Shewasinterestedinsocialactivities.5.WelearnfromtheconversationthattheclubA.mainlyorganizelanguageactivities.B.acceptsmembersfromlocalstudents.C.hasbeensetupforalongtime.D.isincreasingitsmembership.6.Accordingtotheconversation,thewomanmightcometopracticeGermanonA.Wednesday.B.Tuesday.C.Monday.D.Friday.7.Whatisthemangoingtodoaftertheconversation?A.Callupthewomanforheraddress.B.Waitforthewomantocallhimagain.C.Mailthewomansomeinformation.D.Waitforthewomantopickupaform.Questions8to10arebasedonthefollowingconversation.Attheendofthe conversationyouwillbegiven15secondstoanswerthequestions.8.Accordingtothewoman,whatactuallymakesherjobdifficult?A.Difficultquestionsfrominterviewees.B.Embarrassingrequestsfrominterviewees.ckofprofessionalbackground.ckofinterviewingskills.9.Thewomanusesallthefollowingadjectiveswhentalkingaboutattendingjobfairs EXCEPTA.prospective.eful.C.important.D.tiring.10.WelearnfromtheconversationthatthewomanA.worksbetteratjobfairs.B.prefershonestpeople.C.oftenworksonherown.D.isexperiencedinherwork.SECTIONBPASSAGESInthissection,youwillhearseveralpassages.Listentothepassagescarefullyandthenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.Questions11to13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Attheendofthepassageyouwillbegiven15secondstoanswerthequestions.11.Accordingtotoday?sweatherforecast,whichpartofEuropehasdryweather?A.Scandinavianmountain.B.NorthwesternEurope.C.NorthernEurope.D.SouthernEurope.12.InwhichpartofEuropedoestheweatherstaybothfineandcool?A.SouthernEurope.B.NorthernEurope.C.EasternEurope.D.NorthwesternEurope.13.Inwhichregionwilltheweatherchangetomorrow?A.NorthernpartsoftheMediterranean.B.EasternpartsoftheMediterranean.C.CentralpartsoftheMediterranean.D.SouthernpartsoftheMediterranean.Questions14to17arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Attheendofthepassageyou willbegiven2014.Accordingtothepassage,whatbenefitcantechnologybringtopeople?A.Closercontactwithmoderndevices.B.Greaterchangesinsocialorganization.C.Betterunderstandingofmassmedia.D.Moreusefulinformationtobettertheirlife.15.Thespeakerquestionsabouteverybody?saccesstotechnologicaladvances.Themain reasonisA.illiteracy.B.poverty.C.foodshortage.D.ignorance.16.AccordingtotheUNplan,allthefollowingwillbeachievedwithintenyearsEXCEPTA.givingeveryonearadioorTV.B.startingtocarryouttheschemeintenyears.C.offeringinternetservicetomorepeople.D.providingmorejobopportunities.17.Whatcouldbetopicofthepassage?A.Growthintelecommunications.B.Technologyandthedevelopingworld.cationandmedicalcare.D.Buildinganinformationsociety.Questions18to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Attheendofthepassageyou willbegiven15secondstoanswerthequestions.18.PeopleinLatinAmericawearsomething______toexpresstheirhopesforwealthinthe NewYear.A.newB.redC.whiteD.yellow19.WhichofthefollowingNewYear?straditionssignalsfriendship?A.Throwingolddishes.B.Wearingsomethingred.C.Wearingsomethingwhite.D.Eatingroundfruits.20.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasone?sownNewYear?stradition?A.WatchingTVathome.B.Goingtobedearly.C.Visitingfriends.D.Runningandshoutingoutside.SECTIONCNEWSBROADCASTInthissection,youwillhearseveralnewsitems.Listentothepassagescarefullyand thenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.Questions21to22arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofeachnewsitem, youwillbegiven10secondstoanswerthequestions.21.WhatishappeningtotheschoolsinFairfaxCountythisschoolyear?A.15schoolshavestartedsocialstudies.B.15schoolshaveuseddigitaltextbooks.C.Studentsarereadytouseelectronicresources.D.Digitaltextbooksareusedforsocialstudies.22.Withdigitaltextbooks,schoolshavesavedabout______milliondollars.A.1B.2C.3D.4Questions23to24arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofeachnewsitem, youwillbegiven10secondstoanswerthequestions.23.Whofoundthesuspiciousitemattheairport?A.TSAagents.B.FBIagents.C.Thepolice.D.Passengers.24.WhichofthefollowingstatementisINCORRECT?A.Theterminalwasclosedtemporarilyafterwards.B.Therewasathoroughsearchinsidetheairport.C.Passengersattheairportweresafeandsound.D.Thesecurityauthoritiesidentifiedtheexplosives.Questions25to26arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofeachnewsitem,you willbegiven10secondstoanswerthequestions.25.Accordingtothenewsitem,doctorsusearttherapytotreatthefollowingproblems EXCEPTA.alcoholabuse.B.smoking.C.depression.D.schizophrenia.26.Whydiddoctorsintroducearttherapyinthefirstplace?A.Topreventpatientsfromsmoking.B.Tobetterunderstandpatients.C.Togetpatientsoccupied.D.Toteachpatientssomeskills.Questions27to28arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofeachnewsitem,you willbegiven10secondstoanswerthequestions.27.Whatisthemainpurposeofthenewrules?A.Toreducethenumberofpilotsonduty.B.Topreventpilotsfromworkingovertime.C.Toensureanadequateamountofsleep.D.Tofixtheamountofworkforeachpilot.28.TheIndependentPilotsAssociationwasunhappyaboutthenewrulesbecausetheyA.hadonlycoveredcargoplanepilots.B.hadfailedtocoverallthepilots.C.wouldbeputintoeffectintwoyears.D.wouldbetoocostlyifimplemented.Questions29to30arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofeachnewsitem,you willbegiven10secondstoanswerthequestions.29.Whyisincreaseinlivestockproductionnecessary?A.Becauselivestockproductionishighlyefficient.B.Becausemorepeoplewillbecomewealthier.C.Becauseitmayhelpdoublefoodproduction.D.Becauseithasfewerecologicalrisks.30.Whatdoestheword“challenge”meaninthenewsitem?A.Balancebetweenhumansurvivalandecology.B.Conflictbetweenlesslandandmoreproduction.C.Differencebetweenpresentandfutureneeds.D.Callsbyenvironmentalcriticstoconsumelessmeat.PART3CLOZE15MINEveryoneknowsthattaxationisnecessaryinamodernstate:withoutit,it(31)_____notbepossibletopaythesoldiersandpolicemenwhoprotectus;(32)_____theworkersin governmentofficeswho(33)_____ourhealth,ourfood,ourwater,andalltheotherthingsth atwecannotdoforourselves.(34)_____taxation,wepayforthingsthatweneedjust(35)_____weneedsomewheretoliveandsomethingtoeat.But(36)_____everyoneknowsthat taxationisnecessary,differentpeoplehavedifferentideasabout(37)____taxationshouldbe arranged.Inmostcountries,adirecttaxon(38)_____,whichiscalledincometax,(39)_____.Itisarrangedinsuch(40)______thatthepoorestpeoplepaynothing,andthepercentageoftaxgrows(41)____asthetaxpayer'sincomegrows.Insomecountries,forexample,thetaxontherichestpeople(42)______ashighasninety-fivepercent!(43)_____countrieswithtaxationnearly(44)_____haveindirecttaxationtoo.Manythingsimportedintothecountryhavetopaytaxesor“duti es.Of”course,itisthemenandwomenwhobuytheseimportedthingsintheshops(45)______reallyhavetopaythe duties,inthe(46)______ofhigherprices.Insomecountries,(47)_____,thereisataxonthingssoldintheshops.Ifthemostnecessarythingsaretaxed,alotofmoneyis(48)____butthepoorpeoplesuffermost.Ifunnecessarythings(49)___jewelsandfurcoatsaretaxed,lessmoneyisobtainedbutthetaxis(50)______astherichpayit.Probablythislastkindofindirecttax,togetherwithadirecttaxonincomeswhichislowfort hepoorandhighfortherich,isthebestarrangement.31.A.canB.mayC.couldD.would32.A.norB.neitherC.neverD.not33.A.lookintoB.lookoverC.lookoverD.lookthrough34.A.InaccordancewithB.BymeansofC.WithreferencetoD.Onaccountof35.A.aswellasB.asgoodasC.assuchasD.asmuchas36.A.ifB.whenC.thoughD.as37.A.whenB.howC.whyD.whichmunitiesD.classes39.A.remainsB.staysC.existsD.happensrger42.A.growsupB.increasesupC.goesupD.liftsup43.A.ButB.ConsequentlyC.SimilarlyD.And44.A.periodicallyB.almostC.oftenD.always45.A.whichB.whoC.whatD.whom46.A.mannerB.formC.meansD.way47.A.eitherB.alsoC.tooD.often48.A.lentB.savedC.borrowedD.collected49.A.alikeB.likeC.asD.for50.A.heavierB.fairerC.finerD.betterPART4GRAMMAR&VOCABULARY15MINTherearethirtysentencesinthissection.Beneatheachsentencetherearefourwordsorp hrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Chooseonewordorphrasethatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouranswersonAnswerSheetTwo.51.Facingtheboardofdirectors,hedidn?tdeny________breakingtheagreement.A.himB.itC.hisD.its52.Xinchunreturnedfromaboardadifferentman.Theitalicizedpartfunctionsasa(n)____ __.A.appositive(同位语)B.objectC.adverbialplement.53.Whichofthefollowingisacompoundword(复合词)?______.A.Nonsmoker.B.Deadline.C.Meanness.D.Misfit.54.Whichofthefollowingsentencescontainssubjunctivemood?______.A.Lucyinsistedthathersongethomebefore5o?clock?B.Sheusedtodrivetowork,butnowshetakesthecitymetro.C.Walkstraightahead,anddon'tturntillthesecondtrafficlights.D.PaulwillcancelhisflightifhecannotgethisvisabyFriday.55.Thefollowingdeterminers(限定词)canbeusedwithbothpluralanduncountablenounsEXCEPT______.A.moreB.enough.C.many.D.such.56.WhichoftheitalicizedpartsindicatesCONTRAST?______.A.Sheopenedthedoorandquietlywentin.B.VictorialikesmusicandSamisfondofsports.C.Thinkitoveragainandyou?llgetananswer.D.Heissomewhatarrogant,andIdon'tlikethis.57.WhichofthefollowingCANNOTbeusedasanominalsubstitute(名词替代词)?______.A.Much.B.Neither.C.One.D.Quarter.58.AllthefollowingsentencesdefinitelyindicatefuturetimeEXCEPT______.A.MotheristohaveteawithAuntBettyatfour.B.ThePresidentiscomingtotheUNnextweek.C.Theschoolpupilswillbehomebynow.D.Heisgoingtoemailmethenecessaryinformation.59.WhichofthefollowingsentencesisgrammaticallyINCORRECT?______.A.Politicsaretheartorscienceofgovernment.B.Tenmilesseemslikealongwalktome.C.Mumpsisakindofinfectiousdisease.D.Allthefurniturehasarrivedundamaged.60.Whichofinthefollowingphrasesindicatesasubject-predicaterelationship?______.A.ThearrivalofthetouristsB.ThelawofNewtonC.TheoccupationoftheislandD.TheplaysofOscarWilde61.Whichofthefollowingitalicizedpartsservesasanappositive?______.A.Heisnotthemantodrawback.B.Tonyhitbacktheurgetotellalie.rryhasalargefamilytosupport.D.Thereisreallynothingtofear.62.WhichofthefollowingisNOTanimperativesentence?______.A.Letmedriveyouhome,shallI?B.Youwillmindyourownbusiness!eandhavedinnerwithus.D.Iwishyoucouldstaybehind.,63.Ifit______tomorrow,thematchwouldbeputoff.A.weretorainB.wastorainC.wasrainingD.hadrained64.Whichofthefollowingsentencesexpressesafact?______.A.Maryandhersonmustbehomebynow.B.Carelessreadingmustgivepoorresults.C.It?sgettinglate,andImustleavenow.D.Hemustbeworkinglateattheoffice.65.Thefollowingarealldynamicverbs(动态动词)EXCEPT______.A.remain.B.turn.C.write.D.knock.66.____toschoollifewaslessdifficultthanthepupilhadexpected.A.AdheringB.AdoptingC.AdjustingD.Acquainting67.Heisfedupwiththesameolddrearyroutine,andwantstoquithisjob.Theunderlinedp artmeans_________.A.dullB.boringC.longD.hard68.Atlastnight?spartyLarrysaidsomethingthatIthoughwasbeyondme.Theunderlinedp artmeans________.A.IwasunabletodoC.IwasunabletostopB.Icouldn?tunderstandD.Icouldn?ttolerate69.Thecouple______theiroldhouseandsolditforavastprofit.A.didforB.didinC.didwithD.didup70.Sallycontributedalottotheproject,butsheneveronceacceptedallthe____forherself.A.creditB.attentionC.focusD.award71.Thechildnodded,apparentlycontentwithhismother?spromise.Theunderlinedpartmea ns_________.A.asfarasonehaslearntB.asfarasoneisconcernedC.asfarasonecanseeD.asfarasoneistold72.The________thatsportbuildscharacteriswellacceptedbypeoplenowadays.A.issueB.argumentC.pointD.sentence73.EveryoneintheofficeknowsthatMelindatakesinfinitecareoverherwork.The underlinedpartmeans________.A.limitedB.unnecessaryC.overdueD.much74.Thenewmeasurewillreducethechanceofseriousinjuryintheeventofanaccident.The underlinedpartmeans_________.A.ifanaccidenthappensB.ifanaccidentcanbepreventedC.beforeanaccidentD.duringanaccident75.Traditionally,localmidwiveswould________allthebabiesinthearea.A.handleB.produceC.deliverD.help76.Nofoodordrinkisallowedonthepremises.Theunderlinedpartmeans________A.prop ositionB.advertisementC.buildingD.street77.Thecourtwouldnotaccepthisappealunless________evidenceisprovided.A.conclusiveB.definiteC.eventualD.concluding78.Assoonasheopenedthedoor,a________ofcoldairsweptthroughthehouse.A.flowB.movementC.rushD.blast79.Shereallywantedtosaysomethingatthemeeting,buteventually________fromit.A.preventedB.refrainedC.limitedD.restricted80.Thecoupletoldthedecoratorthattheywantedtheirbedroomgailypainted.Theunderlinedpartmeans_________.A.brightlyB.light-heartedlyC.cheerfullyD.lightly PARTVREADINGCOMPREHENSION25MIN Inthissectiontherearefourpassagesfollowedbyquestionsorunfinishedstatements,eac hwithfoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatyouthinkisthe bestanswer.MarkyouranswersonAnswerSheetTwo.TEXTATheartofpublicspeakingbeganinancientGreeceover2,000yearsago.Now,twitter,instan tmessaging,e-mail,blogsandchatforumsofferrivalapproachestocommunication-butnon ecanreplacetheroleofagreatspeech.Thespokenwordcanhandlevariousvitalfunctions:persuadingorinspiring,informing,payi ngtribute,entertaining,orsimplyintroducingsomeoneorsomethingoracceptingsomething. Overthepastyear,thehumanvoicehashelpedguideusovertheupsanddownsofwhatwa scertainlyastormytime. Persuasionisusedindealingwithorreconcilingdifferentpointsofview.Whentheleadersm etinCopenhageninDecember2009,persuasivewordsfromactivistsencouragedthemtocom mitthemselvestofirmeraction.Inspirationalspeechesconfronttheemotions.Theyfocuson topicsandmattersthatareclosetopeople'shearts.Duringwars,generalsusedinspiringspee chestopreparethetroopsforbattle. Aspeechthatconveysknowledgeandenhancesunderstandingcaninformus.Theinformatio nmustbeclear,accurate,andexpressedinameaningfulandinterestingwa（y.流行病）announced,theideaof“swineflu”rmativespeechesfromWorldHealthOr ganizationofficialshelpedpeopletokeeptheirpanicundercontrolsotheycouldtakesensibl eprecautions. Sadeventsarenevereasytodealwithbutaspeechthatpaystributetothelossofalovedon eandgivespraisefortheircontributioncanbecomforting.Madonna'sspeechaboutMichael Jackson,afterhisdeath,highlightedthefactthathewillcontinuetoliveonthroughhismusi c.It'snotonlyinworldforumswherepublicspeakingplaysanimportantrole.Itcanalsobesur prisinglyhelpfulinthecourseofourownlives.Ifyou?retakingpartinadebateyouneedtopersuadethelistenersofthesoundnessofyoura rgument.Insports,athletesknowtheimportanceofapeptalk（鼓舞士气的讲话）beforeamatchtoinspireteammates.Youyourselfmaybeaskedtodoapresentationat collegeorworktoinformtheothersaboutanareaofvitalimportance. Onamorepersonallevel,afriendmaybeupsetandneedcomforting.Oryoumightbeasked tointroduceaspeakeratafamilyeventortospeakatawedding,whereyourlanguagewillb eneededtomovepeopleormakethemlaugh.Greatspeakingabilityisnotsomethingwe'rebornwith.EvenBarackObamaworkshardtop erfecteveryspeech.Forabrilliantspeech,therearerulesthatyoucanputtogooduse.Tolea rnthoserulesyouhavetopracticeandlearnfromsomeoutstandingspeechesinthepast.81.Theauthorthinksthespokenwordisstillirreplaceablebecause______.A.ithasalwaysbeenusedtoinspireorpersuadepeople.B.ithasabigroletoplayintheentertainmentbusiness.C.itplaysimportantrolesinhumancommunication.D.itisofgreatuseineveryday-lifecontext.82.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECTabouttheroleofpublicspeaking?_____A.Speechesatworldforumscanleadtoeffectivesolutionstoworldproblems.B.Speechesfrommedicalauthoritiescancalmpeopledownintimesofpandemics.C.Themoraleofsold iersbeforeabattlecanbeboostedbyseniorofficers'speeches.D.Speechespayingtributetothedeadcancomfortthemourners.83.PublicspeakingcanplayallthefollowingrolesEXCEPT______.A.toconvincepeopleinadebate.B.toinformpeopleatapresentation.C.toadvisepeopleatwork.D.toentertainpeopleatawedding.84.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheauthor'sviewon______“g r e a s p t eakingability”?A.Itcomesfromobservingrules.B.Itcanbeperfectedwitheasyeffort.C.Itcanbeacquiredfrombirth.D.Itcomesfromlearningandpractice.85.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?______.A.Publicspeakingininternationalforums.B.Themanyusesofpublicspeaking.C.Publicspeakingindailylifecontext.D.Therulesofpublicspeaking.TEXTBEverybusinessneedstwothings,saysSkullcandyCEORickAlden:inspirationanddesperation.In2001,Aldenhadboth.He'dsoldtwosnowboardingbusinesses,andhewasdesperatelybored.Buthehadanidea:Hewantedtomakeanewkindofheadphone“.I k eptseeingpe oplemissingtheircellphonecallsbecausetheywerelisteningtomusic,”h eexplains.ThenI'minachairlift,I'vegotmyheadphoneson,andIrealizemyphoneisringing.As1takemyg lovesoffandreachformyphone,Ithink,“Itcan'tbethattoughtomakeheadphoneswithtwoplugs,oneformusicandoneforyourcellphone.”Aldendescribedwhathewantedtoadesigner,perfectedaprototype,andoutsource（d外包）manufacturingoverseas. Aldenthenstarteddesigningheadphonesintohelmets,backpacks-anywherethatwouldmak eiteasytolistentomusicwhilesnowboarding.“Sellingintoboardandskateshopswasn'ta bigresearcheffort,h”e explains.“ThoseweretheonlyguysIknew!”Aldendidn?twanttobeamanufacturer.Andbyoutsourcing,he'dhopedhecouldgetthebusinessoffthegroundwithoutdebt.Buthewas wrong.Soheaskedhiswife“,C a n I puta（抵押贷款）onthehouse?Shesaid,,Whatistheworstthingthatcanhappen?Welosethehouse,wesellourcars,andwestartall overagain.?Idefinitelymarriedtherightwoman!”Forthenexttwoyears,Aldenjuggledmortgagepaymentsandpaymentstohismanufacturersh esays.“Buitttakesfourorfivemonthstogetamortgag .“Factoriewson'tshipyourproducttilltheygetpaid,”ecompanysoupsetthattheyknockonyourdoor.Sowepaidthefactoryfirst.”Gradually,non-snowboardersbegantonoticethecolorfulheadphones.In2006,thecompanystartedsellingthemin1,400FYE( ForYourEntertainment)stores“.WeknewthatnineoutoftenpeoplewalkingintothatstorewouldbelearningaboutSkullcandyforthefirsttime.Why wouldtheylookatbrandstheyknewandtakehomeanewbrandinstead?Wehadagreedto buybackanythingwedidn?tsell,butweweredealingwithhugenumbers.It?dkillustotake backalltheproductsAlden?sfearsfadedasSkullcandybecametheNo.1headphonesellerinthosestoresandtripleditsrevenueto$120millioninoneyear.Hiskeyinsightwasthatheadphonewseren?tgadgets;theywereafashio naccessory“.Inthebeginning,h”esays,“thaltittlewhitewirethatsaidyouhadaniPod---thatwascool.Butnowwearingthewhitebudmeansyou?rejustlikeeveryoneelse.Headphonesoccupythiscriticalpieceofcranialrealestateandarehighlyvisible.”Today,SkullcandyisAmerica'ssecond-largestheadphonesupplier,afterSony.With79employees,thecompanyisbiggerthanAldeneverimagined.86.Aldencameupwiththeideaofanewkindofheadphonebecausehe______.A.wasnolongerinsnowboardingbusiness.B.hadnootherbusinessopportunities.C.wasveryfondofmodernmusic.D.sawaninconvenienceamongmobileusers.87.Thenewheadphonewasoriginallydesignedfor______.A.snowboarders.B.motorcyclists.C.mountainhikers.D.marathonrunners.88.DidAldensolvethemoneyproblem?______.A.Hesoldhishouseandhiscars.B.Factoriescouldshipproductsbeforebeingpaid.C.Heborrowedmoneyfromamortgagecompany.D.Heborrowedmoneyfromhiswife'sfamily.89.WhatdidAldendotopromotesalesinFYEstores?______.A.Hespentmoremoneyonproductadvertising.B.Hepromisedtobuybackproductsnotsold.C.Heagreedtosellproductsatadiscount.D.Heimprovedthecolourdesignoftheproduct.90.Aldenseesheadphonesas______.A.asignofself-confidence.B.asymbolofstatus.C.partoffashion.D.akindofdevice.TEXTCIwasstandinginmykitchenwonderingwhattohaveforlunchwhenmyfriendTajcalled.“Sitdown,”shesaid.Ithoughtshewasgoingtotellmeshehadjustgottenthehaircutfromhell.Ilaughedandsaid,“I c t an'tbethatbad.”Butitwas.Beforethephonecall,Ihad30yearsofretirementsavingina“safefu”ndwithabrilliantfinancia lguru（金融大亨）.WhenIputdownthephone,mysavingsweregone.IfeltasifIhaddiedand,forsomeunknownreason,wasstillbreathing.SinceBernieMadoff?sarrestonchargesofrunninga$65millionPonzischeme,I've readmanyarticlesabouthowweinvestorsshouldhaveknownwhatwasgoingon.IwishIc ouldsayIhadreservationsaboutMadoffbefore“theCall”b,u tIdidnot.OnNewYear'sEve,threeweeksafterwelostoursavings,sixofusMadoffpeoplegatheredatTaj'shousefordinner.Asweweresittingaroundthetable,someoneaske“d,Ifyoucouldh aveyourmoneybackrightnow,butitwouldmeangivingupwhatyouhavelearnedbylosingit,wouldyoutakethemoneyorwouldyoutakewhatlosingthemoneyhasgivenyou?”Myhusbandwasstillinfinancialshock.Hesaid,“I justwantthemoneyback.”Iwasn'tcert ainwhereIstood.Iknewthatlosingourmoneyhadcrackedmewideo p e n I?.dbeenwalking aroundlikewhattheBuddhistscallahungryghost:alwaysfocusedonthebitethatwasyettocome,nottheoneinmymouth.NomatterhowmuchIateorhadorexperienced,ditidn?tsatisfyme,becauseIwasn?treallytakingitin,wasn'tabsorbingit.NowIwasforcedtopayattention.Still,Icouldn'thonestlysaythatifsomeonehadofferedmethemoneyback,Iwou ldturnitdown. Buttheotherfourallsaidthatwhattheywereseeingaboutthemselveswasincalculable,andtheydidn?tthinkitwouldhavebecomeapparentwithoutthegroundoffinancialstabilitybeingrippedoutfromunderneaththem.MyfriendMichaelsaid,I?dstartedtogetcomplacent.It?sasifthemusclesofmyheartstartedtoatroph（萎缩）.Nowthey?reawake,alive—andIdon?twanttogoback.”Theseweren?jutstemptywords.Michaelandhiswifeneededtotakeinboarderstome ettheirexpenses.Tajwassobrokethatshewasmovingintsoomeone?sgarageapartmentinthreeweeks.Threefriendshaddeclaredbankruptcyandweren'tsurewhereorhowtheyweregoingtolive.91.WhatdidtheauthorlearnfromTaj?scall?A.hadgotanawfulhaircut.B.Theyhadlosttheirretirementsavings.C.Tajhadjustretiredfromwork.D.Theyweregoingtomeetforlunch.92.Howdidtheauthorfeelinthefollowingweeks?A.Angry.B.Disappointed.C.Indifferent.D.Desperate.e forcedtopayattention”?93.Accordingtothepassage,towhichwassh“A.Herfriends.B.Herhusband.C.Herlostsavings.D.Herexperience.94.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisCORRECTaboutherfriends?A.Herfriendsvaluedtheirexperiencemore.B.Herfriendsfeltthesameasshedid.C.Herfriendswereinabetterfinancialsituation.DHerfriendsweremoreoptimisticthanshe.95.Whatisthemessageofthepassage?A.Desireformoneyishumannature.B.Onehastobedecisiveduringcrises.C.Understandinggainedismoreimportantthanmoneylost.D.Itisnaturaltoseevariedresponsestofinancialcrises.TEXTDInthe19thcentury,thereusedtobeamodelofhowtobeagoodperson.Therearealltheseto rrentsofpassionflowingthroughyou.Yourjob,ascaptainofyoursoul,istoerectdamstok eepthesepassionsincheck.Yourjobistojustsaynotolaziness,lust,greed,druguseandtheothersins.Thesedaysthatmodelisoutoffashion.Youusuallycan?tchangeyourbehaviourbysimply resolvingtodosomething.Knowingwhattodoisnotthesameasbeingabletodoit. Yourwillpowerisnotlikeadamthatcanblockthetorrentofself-indulgence.It'smorelikea muscle,whichtireseasily.Moreover,you'reasocialbeing.Ifeverybodyaroundyouisover eating,you?llprobablydoso,too.The19th-centurycharactermodelwasbasedonanunderstandingoffreewill.Today,wekn owthatfreewillisbounded.Peoplecanchangetheirlives,butorderingchangeisnotsimple becausemanythings,evenwithinourselves,arebeyondourdirectcontrol. Muchofourbehaviour,forexample,isguidedbyunconscioushabits.ResearchersatDuke Universitycalculatedthatmorethan40percentoftheactionswetakearegovernedbyhabit, notactualdecisions.Researchershavealsocometounderstandthestructureofha—bictsue, routine,reward.Youcanchangeyourownpersonalhabits.Ifyouleaverunningshortsontheflooratnight,that'llbeacuetogorunninginthemorning.Don?ttrytoignoreyourafternoonsnack craving.Everytimeyoufeelthecueforasnack,insertanotherroutine.Takeawalk. Theirresearchthusimpliesadifferentcharactermodel,whichissupposedtomanipulatethe neural（神经系统的）networksinside.Tobeaneffectiveperson,underthismodel,youaresupposedtocoollyexamineyourownun conscioushabits,andthehabitsofthoseunderyourcare.Youaresupposedtodevisestrategi estoalterthecuesandroutines.Everyrelationshipbecomesslightlymanipulative,including yourrelationshipwithyourself.You'retryingtoarousecertainresponsesbyimplantingcert aincues.Thisisabitdisturbing,becausetheimportanthabitualneuralnetworksarenotformedbyme reroutine,norcantheybereversedbyclevercues.Theyareburnedinbyemotionandstreng thenedbystrongyearnings,liketheyearningsforadmirationandrighteousness.Ifyouthinky oucanchangeyourlifeinacleverway,thewayanadvertisercangetyoutobuyanairfreshener,you'reprobablywrong.AstheVictoriansunderstood,ifyouwanttochangeyourlife,don?mittosomelargerglobalbelief.96.Whichofthefollowingisakeyelementinthe19th-centurycharactermodel?A.Passion.B.Action.C.Capability.D.Determination.97.The19th-centurymodelsupposedlydoesnotworkbecause______.A.thereweremanyotherfactorsbeyondone'scontrol.B.ithasworkedunsatisfactorilymostofthetime.C.thecomparisonoffreewilltoadamisgroundless.D.whatonewishestodoshouldbeconsideredcarefully.98.WhatisthemainimplicationoftheresearchatDukeUniversity?A.Habitiskeytoone'sbehaviour.B.One'sbehaviourisdifficulttochange.C.Bothhabitandwillpowerareimportant.D.Habithasanunidentifiedstructure.99.Accordingtothenewcharactermodel,personalbehaviourcouldbealteredthrough_____ _.A.cuestostopalltheformerunconscioushabits.B.cuestomanipulatethehabitualneuralresponses.C.techniquestodevisedifferentphysicalcues.D.techniquestosupplementoldroutines.100.Welearnfromthepassagethatthenewcharactermodel______.A.stressestheneuralandpsychologicalaspectsofhabitchange.B.canbringaboutchangesinone'slifelikewhatadvertisersdo.C.hasbeenusedtochangebehavioursuccessfully.D.dealsbetterwithemotionalaspectsofbehaviour.PARTVIWRITINGSECTIONACOMPOSITION45MINMostofus,asstudents,arecarefulwithourmoneyindailylife:wecollectallkindsofcoupo ns;welookforgroup-buydealsifweeatoutortravel;wedon'tbuyclothesunlessinasale.Ho wever,somepeoplethinkthatallthismaynotmakeussmartconsumers.Whatisyouropinion?WriteonANSWERSHEETTHREEacompositionofabout200words.Youaretowriteinthreeparts.Inthefirstpart,statespecificallywhatyouropinionis.Inthesecondpart,provideoneortworeasonsoryourexperience(s)tosupportyouropinion.Inthelastpart,bringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionormakeasummary. Youshouldsupplyanappropriatetitleforyourcomposition. Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,languageandappropriateness.SECTIONBNOTE-WRITING[10MIN]WriteonANSWERSHEETTHREEanoteofabout50-60wordsbasedonthefollowingsituation:Yourformerhigh-schoolclassmate(MatheworGrace)iscomingtovisityouinthedorm.But,youhavegotsomethingurgenttodoandthuscannotwaitforhim/herthere.Leaveanoteo nthedoor,expressingyourapologyandtellinghim/herhowtofindyou.Youmustmakeclea rwhereyouareinthenote.Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,languageandappropriateness.附：【答案详解】PART1DictationWhatisadreamfor?Onetheoryisthatwedreamtoreleasethedeepsecretdesires.Wedon'texpressthese desiresinreallifebecauseoftherulesofpolitesociety.Anothertheoryisthatdreamsallow ustosolveproblemsthatwecan'tsolveinreallife.Wegotosleepwiththeproblemandwake upwiththesolution.Thismaybeawaytouseourdreamsratherthanapurposeofdreaming. Ifyoubelievethatyourdreamsareimportant,thenanalyzingthemmayhelpyoutofocuson theproblemandhelpyoutofindthesolution.Themodernimageisthatthedreamsarethebrains'waveofcleaningupthecomputer'sharddisk.Dreamsorganizetheeventsoftheday intofoldersanddeletewhatisnotneeded.Butweallknowthatverylittleofwhatwedream isconcernedwithwhathappenedtousthatday.PART2LITENINGCOMPREHENSION1-10ABCADACAAD11-20DCADBBBDAC。

大学英语四级阅读之十三含答案

New Orleans, Louisiana, was established as part of the French Empire in 1718.Its location on the east bank of the Mississippi River gave it control of the American hinerland and it became strategically important to many nations. It was transferred from France to Spain, returned to France,and finally sold by Napoleon to the United States in 1803. The city was the site of a famous battle fought in 1815 between the British, who hoped to control it , and the Americans under General And rew Jackson.The riverbed of the Mississippi is constantly silting and the river is now actually higher than the city. Levees hold back the river and giant pumps are used to move water from the city into the river.Although New Orleans haas beena part of the United States for almost two centuries, its population takes great pride in its French heritage. Louisiana still retains parts of the Code Napoleon which,form many years,was its only law.New Orleans is carefree city and it boasts its hot, spicy Creole seafood and its native Dixieland Jazz. The jackson Square neighborhood maintains its French colonial homes and in other sections are pre-Civil War mansions. Visitors are surprised to find that behind this interesting facade of yesteryear, is a busy industrial and port city. Grain and coal come from the Midwest and foreigh cargoes are unloaded here. New Orleans is no longer a sleepy Southern town----but it's still fun to visit.1.What accounts for the levees and pumps in New Orleans?a.The Mississippi frequently floods the city.b.The riverbed has raised inthe past 200 years.c.The torrential rains flood the city frequently.d.The high humidity cannot otherwise be comtrolled.2.The battle of New Orleans was fought by jackson against______.a.Franceb.Britainc.Spaind.The North3.The Code Napoleon was _______.a.an agreement to sell Louisianab.a body of lawsc.a city pland.a military code for the army4.Which of the following elements does not apply to the attiude of the inhabitants of New Orleans?a.Pride in their French heritage.b.A desire to retain picturesque colonial buildings.c.A refusal to engage in trade and commerced.A praising of Dixieland Jazz.5.Tourists visiting New Orleans are surprised to encounter_____.a.Creole foodb.Dixieland jazzc.bustling cityd.authentic colonial homes13/200答案： bbbcc。

2013英语专业四级真题

TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2013)—GRADE FOUR—TIME LIMIT: 135 MINPART I DICTATION [15 MIN] Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more.Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION [20 MIN]In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on Answer Sheet Two.SECTION A CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the conversation.1.According to the conversation, an example of “Christmas trimmings” could beA. presents.B. fruits.C. sauce.D. meat.2. A Christmas lunch would include all the following EXCEPTA. roast turkey.B. sweet potatoes.C. meat.D. carrots.3.Why did Helen come to Rob‟s house?A. She wanted to talk to Rob.B. She had come to help Rob.C. She had been invited to lunch.D. She was interested in cooking.Questions 4 to 7 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the conversation.4.Why did the woman phone the club?A. She wanted to know more about it.B. She was a new comer and felt lonely.C. She wanted to learn a new language.D. She was interested in social activities.5.We learn from the conversation that the clubA. mainly organizes language activities.B. accepts members from local students.C. has been set up for a long time.D. is increasing its membership.6.According to the conversation, the woman might come to practice German onA. Wednesday.B. Tuesday.C. Monday.D. Friday.7.What is the man going to do after the conversation?A. Call up the woman for her address.B. Wait for the woman to call him again.C. Mail the woman some information.D. Wait for the woman to pick up a form.Questions 8 to 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the conversation.8.According to the woman, what actually makes her job difficult?A. Difficult questions from interviewees.B. Embarrassing requests from interviewees.C. Lack of professional background.D. Lack of interviewing skills.9.The woman uses all the following adjectives when talking about attending job fairsEXCEPTA. prospective.B. useful.C. important.D. tiring.10.We learn from the conversation that the womanA. works better at job fairs.B. prefers honest people.C. often works on her own.D. is experienced in her work.SECTION B PASSAGESIn this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the passage.11.According to today's weather forecast, which part of Europe has dry weather?A. Scandinavian mountains.B. Northwestern Europe.C. Northern Europe.D. Southern Europe.12.In which part of Europe does the weather stay both fine and cool?A. Southern Europe.B. Northern Europe.C. Eastern Europe.D. Northwestern Europe.13.In which region will the weather change tomorrow?A. Northern parts of the Mediterranean.B. Eastern parts of the Mediterranean.C. Central parts of the Mediterranean.D. Southern parts of the Mediterranean.Questions 14 to 17 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the passage.14.According to the passage, what benefit can technology bring to people?A. Closer contact with modern devices.B. Greater changes in social organization.C. Better understanding of mass media.D. More useful information to better their life.15.The speaker questions about everybody's access to technological advances. The mainreason isA. illiteracy.B. poverty.C. food shortage.D. ignorance.16.According to the UN plan, all the following will be achieved within ten years EXCEPTA. giving everyone a radio or TV.B. starting to carry out the scheme in ten years.C. offering internet service to more people.D. providing more job opportunities.17.What could be the topic of the passage?A. Growth in telecommunications.B. Technology and the developing world.C. Education and medical care.D. Building an information society.Questions 18 to 20 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the passage.18.People in Latin America wear something __________ to express their hopes for wealth inthe New Year.A. newB. redC. whiteD. yellow19.Which of the following New Year‟s traditions signals friendship?A. Throwing old dishes.B. Wearing something red.C. Wearing something white.D. Eating round fruits.20.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as one's own New Year's tradition?A. Watching TV at home.B. Going to bed early.C. Visiting friends.D. Running and shouting outside.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section, you will hear several news items. Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 21 and 22 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.21.What is happening to the schools in Fairfax County this school year?A. 15 schools have started social studies.B. 15 schools have used digital textbooks.C. Students are ready to use electronic resources.D. Digital textbooks are used for social studies.22.With digital textbooks, schools have saved about __________ million dollars.A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 4Questions 23 and 24 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.23.Who found the suspicious item at the airport?A. TSA agents.B. FBI agents.C. The police.D. Passengers.24.Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. The terminal was closed temporarily afterwards.B. There was a thorough search inside the airport.C. Passengers at the airport were safe and sound.D. The security authorities identified the explosives.Questions 25 and 26 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.25.According to the news item, doctors use art therapy to treat the following problemsEXCEPTA. alcohol abuse.B. smoking.C. depression.D. schizophrenia.26.Why did doctors introduce art therapy in the first place?A. To prevent patients from smoking.B. To better understand patients.C. To get patients occupied.D. To teach patients some skills.Question 27 and 28 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.27.What is the main purpose of the new rules?A. To reduce the number of pilots on duty.B. To prevent pilots from working overtime.C. To ensure an adequate amount of sleep.D. To fix the amount of work for each pilot.28.The Independent Pilots Association was unhappy about the new rules because theyA. had only covered cargo plane pilots.B. had failed to cover all the pilots.C. would be put into effect in two years.D. would be too costly if implemented.Questions 29 and 30 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.29.Why is increase in livestock production necessary?A. Because livestock production is highly efficient.B. Because more people will become wealthier.C. Because it may help double food production.D. Because it has fewer ecological risks.30.What does the word “challenge” mean in the news item?A. Balance between human survival and ecology.B. Conflict between less land and more production.C. Difference between present and future needs.D. Calls by environmental critics to consume less meat.PART III CLOZE [15 MIN]Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank on Answer Sheet Two.Everyone knows that taxation is necessary in a modern state: without it, it (31) ______ not be possible to pay the soldiers and policemen who protect us; (32) ______ the workers in government offices who (33) ______ our health, our food, our water, and all the other things that we cannot do for ourselves. (34) ______ taxation, we pay for things that we need just (35) ______ we need somewhere to live and something to eat. But (36) ______ everyone knows that taxation is necessary, different people have different ideas about (37) ______ taxation should be arranged. 31. A. canB. mayC. couldD. would32. A. norB. neitherC. neverD. not33. A. look intoB. look overC. look afterD. look through34. A. In accordance withB. By means ofC. With reference toD. On account of35. A. as well asB. as good asC. as such asD. as much as36. A. ifB. whenC. thoughD. as37. A. whenB. howC. whyD. whichIn most countries, a direct tax on (38) ______, which is called income tax, (39) ______. It is arranged in such (40) ______ that the poorest people pay nothing, and the percentage of tax grows (41) ______ as the taxpayer's income grows. In some countries, for example, the tax on the richest people (42) ______ as high as ninety-five per cent!(43) ______ countries with taxation nearly (44) ______ have indirect taxation too. Many things imported into the country have to pay taxes or “duties.” Of course,it is the men and women who buy these imported things in the shops (45) ______ really have to pay the duties, in the (46) 38. A. personsB. sectorsC. communitiesD. classes39. A. remainsB. staysC. existsD. happens40. A. formB. wayC. measureD. method41. A. quickerB. speedierC. moreD. larger42. A. grows upB. increases upC. goes upD. lifts up43. A. ButB. ConsequentlyC. SimilarlyD. And44. A. periodicallyB. almostC. oftenD. always45. A. whichB. whoC. whatD. whom______ of higher prices. In some countries, (47) ______, there is a tax on things sold in the shops. If the most necessary things are taxed, a lot of money is (48) ______ but the poor people suffer most. If unnecessary things (49) ______ jewels and fur coats are taxed, less money is obtained but the tax is (50) ______, as the rich pay it. 46. A. mannerB. formC. meansD. way47. A. eitherB. alsoC. tooD. often48. A. lentB. savedC. borrowedD. collected49. A. alikeB. likeC. asD. for50. A. heavierB. fairerC. finerD. betterPART IV GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY [15 MIN]There are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.Mark your answers on Answer Sheet Two.51. Facing the board of directors, he didn‟t deny __________ breaking the agreement.A. himB. itC. hisD. its52. Xinchun returned from aboard a different man. The italicized part functions as a (n)__________.A. appositive (同位语)B. objectC. adverbialD. complement.53. Which of the following is a compound word (复合词)?A. Nonsmoker.B. Deadline.C. Meanness.D. Misfit.54. Which of the following sentences contains subjunctive mood?A. Lucy insisted that her son get home before 5 o‟clock?B. She used to drive to work, but now she takes the city metro.C. Walk straight ahead, and don't turn till the second traffic lights.D. Paul will cancel his flight if he cannot get his visa by Friday.55. The following determiners(限定词) can be used with both plural and uncountable nounsEXCEPTA. more.B. enough.C. many.D. such.56. Which of the italicized parts indicates CONTRAST?A. She opened the door and quietly went in.B. Victoria likes music and Sam is fond of sports.C. Think it over again and you‟ll get an answer.D. He is somewhat arrogant, and I don't like this.57. Which of the following CANNOT be used as a nominal substitute(名词替代词)?A. Much.B. Neither.C. One.D. Quarter.58. All the following sentences definitely indicate future time EXCEPTA. Mother is to have tea with Aunt Betty at four.B. The President is coming to the UN next week,C. The school pupils will be home by now.D. He is going to email me the necessary information.59. Which of the following sentences is grammatically INCORRECT?A. Politics are the art or science of government.B. Ten miles seems like a long walk to me.C. Mumps is a kind of infectious disease.D. All the furniture has arrived undamaged.60. Which of in the following phrases indicates a subject-predicate relationship?A. The arrival of the touristsB. The law of NewtonC. The occupation of the islandD. The plays of Oscar Wilde61. Which of the following italicized parts serves as an appositive?A. He is not the man to draw back.B. Tony hit back the urge to tell a lie.C. Larry has a large family to support.D. There is really nothing to fear.62. Which of the following is NOT an imperative sentence?A. Let me drive you home, shall I?B. You will mind your own business!C. Come and have dinner with us.D. I wish you could stay behind.63. If it _______ tomorrow, the match would be put off.A. were to rainB. was to rainC. was rainingD. had rained64. Which of the following sentences expresses a fact?A. Mary and her son must be home by now.B. Careless reading must give poor results.C. It‟s getting late, and I must leave now.D. He must be working late at the office.65. The following are all dynamic verbs(动态动词) EXCEPTA. remain.B. turn.C. write.D. knock.66. __________ to school life was less difficult than the pupil had expected.A. AdheringB. AdoptingC. AdjustingD. Acquaintingpart means __________.A. dullB. boringC. longD. hardpart means __________.A. I was unable to doB. I couldn‟t understandC. I was unable to stopD. I couldn‟t tolerate69. The couple __________their old house and sold it for a vast profit.A. did forB. did inC. did withD. did up70. Sally contributed a lot to the project, but she never once accepted all the __________ forherself.A. creditB. attentionC. focusD. awardmeans __________.A. as far as one has learntB. as far as one is concernedC. as far as one can seeD. as far as one is told72. The __________ that sport builds character is well accepted by people nowadays.A. issueB. argumentC. pointD. sentenceunderlined part means __________.A. limitedB. unnecessaryC. overdueD. muchThe underlined part means __________.A. if an accident happensB. if an accident can be preventedC. before an accidentD. during an accident75. Traditionally, local midwives would __________ all the babies in the area.A. handleB. produceC. deliverD. helpA. propositionB. advertisementC. buildingD. string77. The court would not accept his appeal unless __________ evidence is provided.A. conclusiveB. definiteC. eventualD. concluding78. As soon as he opened the door, a __________ of cold air swept through the house.A. flowB. movementC. rushD. blast79. She really wanted to say something at the meeting, but eventually __________ from it.A. preventedB. refrainedC. limitedD. restrictedunderlined part means __________.A. brightlyB. light-heartedlyC. cheerfullyD. lightlyPART V READING COMPREHENSION [25 MIN]In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.Mark your answers on Answer Sheet Two.TEXT AThe art of public speaking began in ancient Greece over 2,000 years ago. Now, twitter, instant messaging, e-mail, blogs and chat forums offer rival approaches to communication—but none can replace the role of a great speech.The spoken word can handle various vital functions: persuading or inspiring, informing, paying tribute, entertaining, or simply introducing someone or something or accepting something.Over the past year, the human voice has helped guide us over the ups and downs of what was certainly a stormy time.Persuasion is used in dealing with or reconciling different points of view. When the leaders met in Copenhagen in December 2009, persuasive words from activists encouraged them to commit themselves to firmer action.Inspirational speeches confront the emotions. They focus on topics and matters that are close to people's hearts. During wars, generals used inspiring speeches to prepare the troops for battle.A speech that conveys knowledge and enhances understanding can inform us. The information must be clear, accurate, and expressed in a meaningful and interesting way. When the H1N1 pandemic（流行病）was announced, the idea of “swine flu”（猪流感）scared many people. Informative speeches from World Health Organization officials helped people to keep their panic under control so they could take sensible precautions.Sad events are never easy to deal with but a speech that pays tribute to the loss of a loved one and gives praise for their contribution can be comforting. Madonna's speech about Michael Jackson, after his death, highlighted the fact that he will continue to live on through his music.It's not only in world forums where public speaking plays an important role. It can also be surprisingly helpful in the course of our own lives.If you‟re taking part in a debate you need to persuade the listeners of the soundness of your argument. In sports, athletes know the importance of a pep talk（鼓舞士气的讲话）before a match to inspire teammates. You yourself may be asked to do a presentation at college or work to inform the others about an area of vital importance.On a more personal level, a friend may be upset and need comforting. Or you might be asked to introduce a speaker at a family event or to speak at a wedding, where your language will be needed to move people or make them laugh.Great speaking ability is not something we're born with. Even Barack Obama works hard to perfect every speech. For a brilliant speech, there are rules that you can put to good use. To learn those rules you have to practice and learn from some outstanding speeches in the past.81. The author thinks the spoken word is still irreplaceable becauseA. it has always been used to inspire or persuade people.B. it has a big role to play in the entertainment business.C. it plays important roles in human communication.D. it is of great use in everyday-life context.82. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about the role of public speaking?A. Speeches at world forums can lead to effective solutions to world problems.B. Speeches from medical authorities can calm people down in times of pandemics.C. The morale of soldiers before a battle can be boosted by senior officers' speeches.D. Speeches paying tribute to the dead can comfort the mourners.83. Public speaking can play all the following roles EXCEPTA. to convince people in a debate.B. to inform people at a presentation.C. to advise people at work.D. to entertain people at a wedding.84. According to the passage, which of the following best explains the author's view on“great speaking ability”?A. It comes from observing rules.B. It can be perfected with easy effort.C. It can be acquired from birth.D. It comes from learning and practice.85. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Public speaking in international forums.B. The many uses of public speaking.C. Public speaking in daily life context.D. The rules of public speaking.TEXT BEvery business needs two things, says Skullcandy CEO Rick Alden: inspiration and desperation. In 2001, Alden had both. He'd sold two snowboarding businesses, and he was desperately bored. But he had an idea: He wanted to make a new kind of headphone.“I kept seeing people missing their cell phone calls because they were listening to music,” he explains. Then I'm in a chairlift（索道）, I've got my headphones on, and I realize my phone is ringing. As 1 take my gloves off and reach for my phone, I think, “It can't be that tough to make headphones with two plugs, one for music and one for your cell phone.”Alden described what he wanted to a designer, perfected a prototype, and outsourced（外包）manufacturing overseas.Alden then started designing headphones into helmets, backpacks - anywhere that would make it easy to listen to music while snowboarding. “Selli ng into board and skate shops wasn't a big research effort,” he explains. “Those were the only guys I knew!”Alden didn‟t want to be a manufacturer. And by outsourcing, he'd hoped he could get the business off the ground without debt. But he was wrong. So he asked his wife, “Can I put a mortgage（抵押贷款）on the house? She said, …What is the worst thing that can happen? We lose the house, we sell our cars, and we start all over again.‟ I definitely married the right woman!”For the next two years, Alden juggled mortgage payments and payments to his manufacturers. “Factories won't ship your product till they get paid,” he says. “But it takes four or five months to get a mortgage company so upset that they knock on your door. So we paid the factory first.”Gradually, non-snowboarders began to notice the colorful headphones. In 2006, the company started selling them in 1,400 FYE (For Your Entertainment) stores. “We knew that nine out often people walking into that store would be learning about Skullcandy for the first time. Why would they look at brands they knew and take home a new brand instead? We had agreed to buy back anything we didn‟t sell, but we were dealing with huge numbers. I t‟d killus to take back all the products.”Alden‟s fears faded as Skullcandy bec ame the No. 1 headphone seller in those stores and tripled its revenue to $120 million in one year. His key insight was that headphones weren‟t gadgets; they were a fashion accessory. “In the beginning,” he says, “that little white wire that said you had an iPod—that was cool. But now wearing the white bud means you‟re just like everyone else. Headphones occupy this critical piece of cranial real estate and are highly visible.”Today, Skullcandy is America's second-largest headphone supplier, after Sony. With 79 employees, the company is bigger than Alden ever imagined.86. Alden came up with the idea of a new kind of headphone because heA. was no longer in snowboarding business.B. had no other business opportunities.C. was very fond of modern music.D. saw an inconvenience among mobile users.87. The new headphone was originally designed forA. snowboarders.B. motorcyclists.C. mountain hikers.D. marathon runners.88. Did Alden solve the money problem?A. He sold his house and his cars.B. Factories could ship products before being paid.C. He borrowed money from a mortgage company.D. He borrowed money from his wife's family.89. What did Alden do to promote sales in FYE stores?A. He spent more money on product advertising.B. He promised to buy back products not sold.C. He agreed to sell products at a discount.D. He improved the colour design of the product.90. Alden sees headphones asA. a sign of self-confidence.B. a symbol of status.C. part of fashion.D. a kind of device.TEXT CI was standing in my kitchen wondering what to have for lunch when my friend Taj called.“Sit down,” she said.I thought she was going to tell me she had just gotten the haircut from hell. I laughed and said, “It can't be that bad.”But it was. Before the phone call, I had 30 years of retirement saving in a “safe” fund with a brilliant financial guru（金融大亨）.When I put down the phone, my savings were gone. I felt as if I had died and, for some unknown reason, was still breathing.Since Bernie Madoff‟s arrest on charges of running a $65 million Ponzi scheme, I‟ve read many articles about how we investors should have known what was going on. I wish I could say I had reservations about Madoff before “the Call”, but I did not.On New Year‟s Eve, three weeks af ter we lost our savings, six of us Madoff people gathered at Taj's house for dinner. As we were sitting around the table, someone asked, “If you could have your money back right now, but it would mean giving up what you have learned by losing it, would you take the money or would you take what losing the money has given you?”My husband was still in financial shock. He said, “I just want the money back.” I wasn't certain where I stood. I knew that losing our money had cracked me wide open. I‟d been walking around like what the Buddhists call a hungry ghost: always focused on the bite that was yet to come, not the one in my mouth. No matter how much I ate or had or experienced, it didn‟t satisfy me, because I wasn‟t really taking it in, wasn't absorbing it. Now I was forced to pay attention. Still, I couldn't honestly say that if someone had offered me the money back, I would turn it down.But the other four all said that what they were seeing about themselves was incalculable, and they didn‟t think it would have become apparent without the ground of financial stability being ripped out from underneath them.My friend Michael said, “I‟d started to get complacent. It‟s as if the muscles of my heart started to atrophy（萎缩）. Now they‟re awake, alive—and I don‟t want to go back.”These weren‟t just empty words. Michael and his wife needed to take in boarders to meet their expenses. Taj was so broke that she was moving into someone‟s garage apartment in three weeks. Three friends had declared bankruptcy and weren't sure where or how they were going to live.91. What did the author learn from Taj‟s call?A. had got an awful haircut.B. They had lost their retirement savings.C. Taj had just retired from work.D. They were going to meet for lunch.92. How did the author feel in the following weeks?A. Angry.B. Disappointed.C. Indifferent.D. Desperate.93. According to the passage, to which was she “forced to pay attention”?A. Her friends.B. Her husband.C. Her lost savings.D. Her experience.94. Which of the following statements is CORRECT about her friends?A. Her friends valued their experience more.B. Her friends felt the same as she did.C. Her friends were in a better financial situation.D Her friends were more optimistic than she.95. What is the message of the passage?A. Desire for money is human nature.B. One has to be decisive during crises.。

2013 年英语专业四级阅读理解passage 1(翻译)

2013年专业四级英语真题（翻译）Passage 1（翻译）The art of public speaking began in ancient Greece over 2,000 years ago. Now, twitter, instant messaging, e-mail, blogs and chat forums offer rival approaches to communication—but none can replace the role of a great speech.The spoken word can handle various vital functions: persuading or inspiring, informing, paying tribute, entertaining, or simply introducing someone or something or accepting something.Over the past year, the human voice has helped guide us over the ups and downs of what was certainly a stormy time.Persuasion is used in dealing with or reconciling different points of view. When the leaders met in Copenhagen in December 2009, persuasive words from activists encouraged them to commit themselves to firmer action.Inspirational speeches confront the emotions. They focus on topics and matters that are close to people' s hearts. During wars, generals used inspiring speeches to prepare the troops for battle.A speech that conveys knowledge and enhances understanding can inform us. The information must be clear,accurate, and expressed in a meaningful and interesting way. When the H1N1 pandemic was announced, the idea of “swine fl u” scared many people. Informative speeches from World Health Organization officials helped people to keep their panic under control so they could take sensible precautions.Sad events are never easy to deal with but a speech that pays tribute to the loss of a loved one and gives praise for their contribution can be comforting. Madonna' s speech about Michael Jackson, after his death, highlighted the fact that he will continue to live on through his music.It' s not only in world forums where public speaking plays an important role. It can also be surprisingly helpful in the course of our own lives.If you’re taking part in a debate you need to persuade the listeners of the soundness of your argument. In sports, athletes know the importance of a pep talk before a match to inspire teammates. You yourself may be asked to do a presentation at college or work to inform the others about an area of vital importance.On a more personal level, a friend may be upset and need comforting. Or you might be asked to introduce a speaker at a family event or to speak at a wedding, where your language will beneeded to move people or make them laugh.Great speaking ability is not something we' re born with. Even Barack Obama works hard to perfect every speech. For a brilliant speech, there are rules that you can put to good use. To learn those rules you have to practice and learn from some outstanding speeches in the past.演讲艺术始于2000多年前的古希腊。

2013.6 英语四级考试真题试卷(共3套)阅读理解

2013.6 英语四级考试真题试卷（第一套）阅读理解Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Junk food is everywhere. We're eating way too much of it. Most of us know what we're doing and yet we do it anyway.So here's a suggestion offered by two researchers at the Rand Corporation: Why not take a lesson from alcohol control policies and apply them to where food is sold and how it's displayed?"Many policy measures to control obesity (肥胖症) assume that people consciously and rationally choose what and how much they eat and therefore focus on providing information and more access to healthier foods," note the two researchers."In contrast," the researchers continue, "many regulations that don't assume people make rational choices have been successfully applied to control alcohol, a substance - like food - of which immoderate consumption leads to serious health problems."The research references studies of people's behavior with food and alcohol and results of alcohol restrictions, and then lists five regulations that the researchers think might be promising if applied to junk foods. Among them:Density restrictions: licenses to sell alcohol aren't handed out unplanned to all comers but are allotted (分配) based on the number of places in an area that already sell alcohol. These make alcohol less easy to get and reduce the number of psychological cues to drink.Similarly, the researchers say, being presented with junk food stimulates our desire to eat it. So why not limit the density of food outlets, particularly ones that sell food rich inempty calories? And why not limit sale of food in places that aren't primarily food stores? Display and sales restrictions: California has a rule prohibiting alcohol displays near the cash registers in gas stations, and in most places you can't buy alcohol at drive-through facilities. At supermarkets, food companies pay to have their wares in places where they're easily seen. One could remove junk food to the back of the store and ban them from the shelves at checkout lines. The other measures include restricting portion sizes, taxing and prohibiting special price deals for junk foods, and placing warning labels on the products.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答57. What does the author say about junk food?A) People should be educated not to eat too much.B) It is widely consumed despite its ill reputation.C) Its temptation is too strong for people to resist.D) It causes more harm than is generally realized.58. What do the Rand researchers think of many of the policy measures to control obesity?A) They should be implemented effectively.B) They provide misleading information.C) They are based on wrong assumptions.D) They help people make rational choices.59. Why do policymakers of alcohol control place density restrictions?A) Few people are able to resist alcohol's temptations.B) There are already too many stores selling alcohol.C) Drinking strong alcohol can cause social problems.D) Easy access leads to customers' over-consumption.60. What is the purpose of California's rule about alcohol display in gas stations?A) To effectively limit the density of alcohol outlets.B) To help drivers to give up the habit of drinking.C) To prevent possible traffic jams in nearby areas.D) To get alcohol out of drivers' immediate sight.61. What is the general guideline the Rand researchers suggest about junk food control?A) Guiding people to make rational choices about food.B) Enhancing people's awareness of their own health.C) Borrowing ideas from alcohol control measures.D) Resorting to economic, legal and psychological means.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Kodak's decision to file for bankruptcy (破产) protection is a sad, though not unexpected, turning point for a leading American corporation that pioneered consumer photography and dominated the film market for decades, but ultimately failed to adapt to the digital revolution.Although many attribute Kodak's downfall to "complacency (自满) , " that explanation doesn't acknowledge the lengths to which the company went to reinvent itself. Decades ago, Kodak anticipated that digital photography would overtake film - and in fact, Kodak invented the first digital camera in 1975 - but in a fateful decision, the company chose to shelf its new discovery to focus on its traditional film business.It wasn't that Kodak was blind to the future, said Rebecca Henderson, a professor atHarvard Business School, but rather that it failed to execute on a strategy to confront it. By the time the company realized its mistake, it was too late.Kodak is an example of a firm that was very much aware that they had to adapt, and spent a lot of money trying to do so, but ultimately failed. Large companies have a difficult time switching to new markets because there is a temptation to put existing assets into the new businesses.Although Kodak anticipated the inevitable rise of digital photography, its corporate culture was too rooted in the successes of the past for it to make the clean break necessary to fully embrace the future. They were a company stuck in time. Their history was so important to them. Now their history has become a liability.Kodak's downfall over the last several decades was dramatic. In 1976, the company commanded 90% of the market for photographic film and 85% of the market for cameras. But the 1980s brought new competition from Japanese film company Fuji Photo, which undermined Kodak by offering lower prices for film and photo supplies. Kodak's decision not to pursue the role of official film for the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics was a major miscalculation. The bid went instead to Fuji, which exploited its sponsorship to win a permanent foothold in the marketplace.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

2013年英语专业四级真题及答案详解（含阅读理解）

2013年英语专业四级真题及答案详解（含阅读理解）TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2013)—GRADE FOUR—TIME LIMIT: 130 MINPART 1 DICTATION 15 MINListen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times: During the first reading, which will be read at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be read at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more.PART 2 LITENING COMPREHENSION 20 MINSECTION A CONVERSATIONSIn this section, you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation you will be given15 seconds to answer the questions.1. According to the conversation, an example of “Christmas trimmings” could beA. presents.B. fruitsC. sauceD. meat2. A Christmas lunch would include all the following EXCECTA. roast turkeyB. sweet potatoesC. meatD. carrots3. Why did Helen come to Rob?s house?A. She wanted to talk to Bob.B. She had come to help Bob.C. She had been invited to lunch.D. She was interested in cooking.Questions 4 to 7 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation you will be given20 seconds to answer the questions.4. Why did the woman phone the club?A. She wanted to know more about it.B. She was a new comer and felt lonely.C. She wanted to learn a new language.D. She was interested in social activities.5. We learn from the conversation that the clubA. mainly organize language activities.B. accepts members from local students.C. has been set up for a long time.D. is increasing its membership.6. According to the conversation, the woman might come to practice German onA. Wednesday.B. Tuesday.C. Monday.D. Friday.7. What is the man going to do after the conversation?A. Call up the woman for her address.B. Wait for the woman to call him again.C. Mail the woman some information.D. Wait for the woman to pick up a form.Questions 8 to 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation you will be given15 seconds to answer the questions.8. According to the woman, what actually makes her job difficult?A. Difficult questions from interviewees.B. Embarrassing requests from interviewees.C. Lack of professional background.D. Lack of interviewing skills.9. The woman uses all the following adjectives when talking about attending job fairs EXCEPTA. prospective.B. useful.C. important.D. tiring.10. We learn from the conversation that the womanA. works better at job fairs.B. prefers honest people.C. often works on her own.D. is experienced in her work.SECTION B PASSAGESIn this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage you will be given 15seconds to answer the questions.11. According to today?s weather forecast, which part of Europe has dry weather?A. Scandinavian mountain.B. Northwestern Europe.C. Northern Europe.D. Southern Europe.12. In which part of Europe does the weather stay both fine and cool?A. Southern Europe.B. Northern Europe.C. Eastern Europe.D. Northwestern Europe.13. In which region will the weather change tomorrow?A. Northern parts of the Mediterranean.B. Eastern parts of the Mediterranean.C. Central parts of the Mediterranean.D. Southern parts of the Mediterranean.the end of the passage you will be given 20seconds to answer the questions.14. According to the passage, what benefit can technology bring to people?A. Closer contact with modern devices.B. Greater changes in social organization.C. Better understanding of mass media.D. More useful information to better their life.15. The speaker questions about everybody?s access to technological advances. The main reason isA. illiteracy.B. poverty.C. food shortage.D. ignorance.16. According to the UN plan, all the following will be achieved within ten years EXCEPTA. giving everyone a radio or TV.B. starting to carry out the scheme in ten years.C. offering internet service to more people.D. providing more job opportunities.17. What could be topic of the passage?A. Growth in telecommunications.B. Technology and the developing world.C. Education and medical care.D. Building an information society.the end of the passage you will be given 15seconds to answer the questions.18. People in Latin America wear something ______ to express their hopes for wealth in the New Year.A. newB. redC. whiteD. yellow19. Which of the following New Year?s traditions signals friendship?A. Throwing old dishes.B. Wearing something red.C. Wearing something white.D. Eating round fruits.20. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as one?s own New Year?s tradition?A. Watching TV at home.B. Going to bed early.C. Visiting friends.D. Running and shouting outside.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section, you will hear several news items. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 21 to 22 are based on the following news. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10seconds to answer the questions.21. What is happening to the schools in Fairfax County this school year?A. 15 schools have started social studies.B. 15 schools have used digital textbooks.C. Students are ready to use electronic resources.D. Digital textbooks are used for social studies.22. With digital textbooks, schools have saved about ______ million dollars.。

大学英语四级长篇阅读专项强化真题试卷13(题后含答案及解析)

大学英语四级长篇阅读专项强化真题试卷13(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1.The Perfect EssayA)Looking back on too many years of education, I can identify one truly impossible teacher. She cared about me, and my intellectual life, even when I didn’t. Her expectations were high—impossibly so. She was an English teacher. She was also my mother.B)When good students turn in an essay, they dream of their instructor returning it to them in exactly the same condition, save for a single word added in the margin of the final page: “Flawless. “ This dream came true for me one afternoon in the ninth grade. Of course, I had heard that genius could show itself at an early age, so I was only slightly taken aback that I had achieved perfection at the tender age of 14. Obviously, I did what any professional writer would do: I hurried off to spread the good news. I didn’t get very far. The first person I told was my mother.C)My mother, who is just shy of five feet tall, is normally incredibly soft-spoken, but on the rare occasion when she got angry, she was terrifying. I am not sure if she was more upset by my hubris(得意忘形)or by the fact that my English teacher had let my ego get so out of hand. In any event, my mother and her red pen showed me how deeply flawed a flawless essay could be. At the time, I am sure she thought she was teaching me about mechanics, transitions(过渡), structure, style and voice. But what I learned, and what stuck with me through my time teaching writing at Harvard, was a deeper lesson about the nature of creative criticism.D)First off, it hurts. Genuine criticism, the type that leaves a lasting mark on you as a writer, also leaves an existential imprint(印记)on you as a person. I have heard people say that a writer should never take criticism personally. I say that we should never listen to these people.E)Criticism, at its best, is deeply personal, and gets to the heart of why we write the way we do. The intimate nature of genuine criticism implies something about who is able to give it, namely, someone who knows you well enough to show you how your mental life is getting in the way of good writing. Conveniently, they are also the people who care enough to see you through this painful realization. For me it took the form of my first, and I hope only, encounter with writer’s block—I was not able to produce anything for three years.F)Franz Kafka once said:”Writing is utter solitude(独处), the descent into the cold abyss(深渊)of oneself. “My mother’s criticism had shown me that Kafka is right about the cold abyss, and when you make the introspective(内省的)descent that writing requires you are not always pleased by what you find. But, in the years that followed, her sustained tutoring suggested that Kafka might be wrong about the solitude. I was lucky enough to find a critic and teacher who was willing to make the journey of writing with me. “It is a thing of no great difficulty,”according to Plutarch, “to raise objections against another man’s speech, it is a very easy matter: but to produce a better in its place is a work extremely troublesome. “ I am sure I wrote essays in the later years of high school without my mother’s guidance, but I can’t recall them. What I remember, however, is how shetook up the “extremely troublesome”work of ongoing criticism.G)There are two ways to interpret Plutarch when he suggests that a critic should be able to produce “ a better in its place. “In a straightforward sense, he could mean that a critic must be more talented than the artist she critiques(评论). My mother was well covered on this count. But perhaps Plutarch is suggesting something slightly different, something a bit closer to Marcus Cicero’s claim that one should “ criticize by creation, not by rinding fault. “ Genuine criticism creates a precious opening for an author to become better on his own terms—a process that is often extremely painful, but also almost always meaningful.H)My mother said she would help me with my writing, but first I had to help myself. For each assignment, I was to write the best essay I could. Real criticism is not meant to find obvious mistakes, so if she found any—the type I could have found on my own—I had to start from scratch. From scratch. Once the essay was “ flawless,” she would take an evening to walk me through my errors. That was when true criticism, the type that changed me as a person, began.I)She criticized me when I included little-known references and professional jargon(行话). She had no patience for brilliant but irrelevant figures of speech. “Writers can’t bluff(虚张声势)their way through ignorance. “That was news to me—I would need to find another way to structure my daily existence.J)She trimmed back my flowery language, drew lines through my exclamation marks and argued for the value of restraint in expression. “ John,” she almost whispered. I leaned in to hear her: “I can’t hear you when you shout at me. “So I stopped shouting and bluffing, and slowly my writing improved.K)Somewhere along the way I set aside my hopes of writing that flawless essay. But perhaps I missed something important in my mother’s lessons about creativity and perfection. Perhaps the point of writing the flawless essay was not to give up, but to never willingly finish. Whitman repeatedly reworked “Song of Myself between 1855 and 1891. Repeatedly. We do our absolute best with a piece of writing, and come as close as we can to the ideal. And, for the time being, we settle. In critique, however, we are forced to depart, to give up the perfection we thought we had achieved for the chance of being even a little bit better. This is the lesson I took from my mother: If perfection were possible, it would not be motivating.1．The author was advised against the improper use of figures of speech.正确答案：I2．The author’s mother taught him a valuable lesson by pointing out lots of flaws in his seemingly perfect essay.正确答案：C3．A writer should polish his writing repeatedly so as to get closer to perfection.正确答案：K4．Writers may experience periods of time in their life when they just can’t produce anything.正确答案：E5．The author was not much surprised when his school teacher marked his essay as “flawless”.正确答案：B6．Criticizing someone’s speech is said to be easier than coming up with a better one.正确答案：F7．The author looks upon his mother as his most demanding and caring instructor.正确答案：A8．The criticism the author received from his mother changed him as a person.正确答案：H9．The author gradually improved his writing by avoiding fancy language.正确答案：J10．Constructive criticism gives an author a good start to improve his writing.正确答案：G。

2013年12月英语四级考试阅读真题及答案

2013年12⽉英语四级考试阅读真题及答案 Section A Directions: In this section, there is apassage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blankfrom a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read thepassage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bankis identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each itemon Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any ofthe words in the bank more than once. Questions 36 to 45 are based on thefollowing passage.What does it take to be a well-trainednurse? The answer used to be two-year associate’s or four-year bachelor’sdegree programs. But as the nursing shortage 36, a growing number of schoolsand hospitals are establishing “fast-track programs” that enable collegegraduates with no nursing 37 to become registered nurses with only a year or soof 38 training.In 1991, there were only 40 fast-trackcurricula; now there are more than 200. Typical is Columbia University’s Entry to Practice program. Students earn their bachelor of sciencein nursing in a year. Those who stay on for an 39 two years can earn a master’s degree that 40 them as nurse practitioners (执业护⼠) orclinical nurse specialists.Many students are recent 41; others are careerswitchers. Rudy Guardron, 32, a 2004 graduate of Columbia’s program, was a premedical student in college and then worked for apharmaceutical (药物的) research company. At Columbia, he was 42 as a nurse practitioner. “I saw thatnurses were in high 43 and it looked like a really good opportunity,” he says. “Also, I didn’t want to be in school for that long.”The fast-track trend fills a need, but it’s alsocreating some 44 between newcomers and veterans. “Nurses that arestill at the bedside 45 these kids with suspicion,” says LindaPellico, who has taught nursing at Yale University for 18 years. “They wonder,how can they do it quicker?” The answer is they don’t. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

2013年12月大学英语四级考试阅读理解真题及答案详解（全套）

2013年12月大学英语四级考试阅读理解真题及答案详解（全套）2013年12月大学英语四级考试阅读理解真题及答案（全套）——幸福就好我亦安2013年12月大学英语四级考试阅读理解真题（一）【阅读】Section CDirections：There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.In recent years, a growing body of research has shown that our appetite and food intake are influenced by a large number of factors besides our biological need for energy, including our eating environment and our perception of the food in front of us.Studies have shown, for instance, that eating in front of the TV (or a similar distraction) can increase both hunger and the amount of food consumed. Even simple visual cues, like plate size and lighting, have been shown to affect portion size and consumption.A new study suggested that our short-term memory also may play a role in appetite. Several hours after a meal, people's hunger levels were pre dicted not by how much they’d eaten but rather by how much food they'd seen in front of them—in other words, how much they remembered eating.This disparity (盖弃）suggests the memory of our previous meal may have a bigger influence on our appetite than the actual size of the meal, says Jeffrey M. Brunstrom, a professor of experimental psychology at the University of Bristol."Hunger isn't controlled solely by the physical characteristics of a recent meal. We have identified an independent role for memory for that meal，" Brunstrom says."This shows that the relationship between hunger and food intake is more complex than we thought."These findings echo earlier research that suggests our perception of food can sometimes trick our body’s response to the food itself. In a 2011 study, for instance, people who drank the same 3S0-calorie (卡路里）milkshake on two separate occasions produced different levels of hunger-related hormones （荷尔蒙），depending on whether the shake’s label said it contained 620 or 140 calories. Moreover, the participants reported feeling more full when they thought they'd consumed a higher-calorie shake.What does this mean for our eating habits? Although it hardly seems practical to trick ourselves into eating less, the new findings do highlight the benefits of focusing on our food and avoiding TV and multitasking while eating.The so-called mindful-eating strategies can fight distractions and help us control our appetite, Brunstrom says.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

2013年6月英语四级考试阅读真题及解析

2013年6月英语四级考试阅读真题及解析2013年上半年的四级考试已结束，以下是对四级阅读的解析及指导，希望能对即将参加四级考试的考生有所帮助。

这次四级仔细阅读考试出题上依旧遵循之前的基本原则：依照原文自然顺序出题、多以考察细节信息的理解为主、喜欢考察转折等重要逻辑现象处的信息、正确选项基本都是原文有明显来源的改写或是替换后的说法、错误选项迷惑性不强。

文章选自《洛杉矶时报》等欧美主流网站，话题与我们日常生活还是比较接近、不难看懂。

文字难度与近两年四级基本相近，但可以看出对考生的单词掌握和阅读长句的能力要求较高。

不过若是之前系统准备近些年四级阅读的同学，对这次四级阅读考试的文章应不会感觉特别吃力。

下面我们对这次四级考试的几篇典型的仔细阅读进行简单的解析，供大家参考和体会。

PassageOneJunk food is everywhere. We’re eating waytoo much of it. Most of us know what we’re doing and yet we do it anyway。

So here's a suggestion offered by tworesearchers at the Rand Corporation: Why not take a lesson from alcohol controlpolicies and apply them to where food is sold and how it’s displayed?"Many policy measures to controlobesity (肥胖症)assume that people consciously and rationally choose what and howmuch they eat and therefore focus on providing information and more access tohealthier foods," note the two researchers。

2013年英语专业四级考试真题及答案（完整版）

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PART V READING COMPREHENSION [25 MIN]In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.TEXT AWhat is the nature of the scientific attitude, the attitude of the man or woman who studies and applies physics, biology, chemistry, geology, engineering, medicine or any other science? We all know that science plays an important role in the societies in which we live. Many people believe, however, that our progress depends on two different aspects of science. The first of these is the application of the machines, products and systems of applied knowledge that scientists and technologists develop. Through technology, science improves the structure of society and helps man to gain increasing control over his environment.The second aspect is the application by all members of society of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work.What are these special methods of thinking and acting? First of all, it seems that a successful scientist is full of curiosity - he wants to find out how and why the universe works. He usually directs his attention towards problems which he notices have no satisfactory explanation, and his curiosity makes him look for underlying relationships even if the data available seem to be unconnected. Moreover, he thinks he can improve the existing conditions and enjoys trying to solve the problems which this involves.He is a good observer, accurate, patient and objective and applies logical thought to the observations he makes. He utilizes the facts he observes to the fullest extent. For example, trained observers obtain a very large amount of information about a star mainly from the accurate analysis of the simple lines that appear in a spectrum.He is skeptical - he does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available - and therefore rejects authority as the sole basis for truth. Scientists always check statements and make experiments carefully and objectively to verify them.Furthermore, he is not only critical of the work of others, but also of his own, since he knows that man is the least reliable of scientific instruments and that a number of factors tend to disturb objective investigation.Lastly, he is highly imaginative since he often has to look for relationships in data which are not only complex but also frequently incomplete. Furthermore, he needs imagination if he wants to make hypotheses of how processes work and how events take place.These seem to be some of the ways in which a successful scientist or technologist thinks and acts.81. Many people believe that science helps society to progress throughA. applied knowledge.B. more than one aspect.C. technology only.D. the use of machines.82. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about curiosity?A. It gives the scientist confidence and pleasure in work.B. It gives rise to interest in problems that are unexplained.C. It leads to efforts to investigate potential connections.D. It encourages the scientist to look for new ways of acting.83. According to the passage, a successful scientist would notA. easily believe in unchecked statements.B. easily criticize others' research work.C. always use his imagination in work.D. always use evidence from observation.84. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. Application of technology.B. Progress in modem society.C. Scientists' ways of thinking and acting.D. How to become a successful scientist.85. What is the author's attitude towards the topic?A. Critical.B. Objective.C. Biased.D. Unclear.TEXT BOver the past several decades, the U.S., Canada, and Europe have received a great deal of media and even research attention over unusual phenomena and unsolved mysteries. These include UFOs as well as sightings and encounters with "nonhuman creatures" such as Bigfoot and the Loch Ness monster. Only recently has Latin America begun to receive some attention as well. Although the mysteries of the Aztec, Mayan, and Inca civilizations have been known for centuries, now the public is also becoming aware of unusual, paranormal phenomena in countries such as Peru.The Nazca "lines" of Peru were discovered in the 1930s. These lines are deeply carved into a flat, stony plain, and form about 300 intricate pictures of animals such as birds, a monkey, and a lizard. Seen at ground level, the designs are a jumbled senseless mess. The images are so large that they can only be viewed at a height of 1,000 feet - meaning from an aircraft. Yet there were no aircraft in 300 B.C., when it is judged the designs were made. Nor were there then, or are there now, any nearby mountain ranges from which to view them. So how and why did the native people of Nazca create these marvelous designs? One answer appeared in 1969, when the German researcher and writer Erich von Daniken proposed that the lines were drawn by extraterrestrials as runways for their aircraft. The scientific community did not take long to scoffat and abandon von Daniken's theory. Over the years several other theories have been put forth, but none has been accepted by the scientific community.Today there is a new and heightened interest in the Nazca lines. It is a direct result of the creation of the Internet. Currently there are over 60 sites dedicated to this mystery from Latin America's past, and even respected scientists have joined the discussion through e-mail and chat rooms.Will the Internet help explain these unsolved mysteries? Perhaps it is a step in the right direction.86. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Latin America has long received attention for unusual phenomena.B. Public attention is now directed towards countries like Peru.C. Public interest usually focuses on North America and Europe.D. Some ancient civilizations have unsolved mysteries.87. According to the passage, the Nazca lines were foundA. in mountains.B. in stones.C. on animals.D. on a plain.88. We can infer from the passage that the higher the lines are seen, the ____ the images they present.A. smallerB. largerC. clearerD. brighter89. There has been increasing interest in the Nazca lines mainly because ofA. the participation of scientists.B. the emergence of the lnternet.C. the birth of new theories.D. the interest in the Internet.90. The author is ____ about the role of the lnternet in solving mysteries.A. cautiousB. pessimisticC. uncertainD. optimisticTEXT CGraduation speeches are a bit like wedding toasts. A few are memorable. The rest tend to trigger such thoughts as, "Why did I wear such uncomfortable shoes?"But graduation speeches are less about the message than the messenger. Every year a few colleges and universities in the US attract attention because they've managed to book high-profile speakers. And, every year, the media report some of these speakers' wise remarks.Last month, the following words of wisdom were spread:"You really haven't completed the circle of success unless you can help somebody else move forward." (Oprah Winfrey, Duke University)."There is no way to stop change; change will come. Go out and give us a future worthy of the world we all wish to create together." (Hillary Clinton, New York University)."'This really is your moment. History is yours to bend." (Joe Biden, Wake Forest University).Of course, the real "get" of the graduation season was first lady Michelle Obama's appearance at the University of California, Merced. "Remember that you are blessed," she told the class of 2009, "Remember that in exchange for those blessings, you must give something back... As advocate and activist Marian Wright Edelman says, 'Service is the rent we pay for living ... it is the true measure, the only measure of success'."Calls to service have a long, rich tradition in these speeches. However, it is possible for a graduation speech to go beyond cliche and say something truly compelling. The late writer David Foster Wallace's 2005 graduation speech at Kenyon College in Ohio talked about how to truly care about other people. It gained something of a cult after it was widely circulated on the Internet. Apple Computer CEO Steve Jobs' address at Stanford University that year, in which he talked about death, is also considered one of the best in recent memory.But when you're sitting in the hot sun, fidgety and freaked out, do you really want to be lectured about the big stuff?. Isn't that like trying to maintain a smile at your wedding receptionwhile some relative gives a toast that amounts to "marriage is hard work"? You know he's right; you just don't want to think about it at that particular moment. In fact, as is the case in many major life moments, you can't really manage to think beyond the blisters your new shoes are causing. That may seem anticlimactic. But it also gets to the heart of one of life's greatest, saddest truths: that our most "memorable" occasions may elicit the fewest memories. It's probably not something most graduation speakers would say, but it's one of the first lessons of growing up.91. According to the passage, most graduation speeches tend to recall ____ memories.A. greatB. trivialC. unforgettableD. unimaginative92. "But graduation speeches are less about the message than the messenger" is explainedA. in the final paragraph.B. in the last but one paragraph.C. in the first paragraph.D. in the same paragraph.93. The graduation speeches mentioned in the passage are related to the following themes EXCEPTA. death.B. success.C. service.D. generosity.94. It is implied in the passage that at great moments people fail toA. remain clear-headed.B. keep good manners.C. remember others' words.D. recollect specific details.95. What is "one of the first lessons of growing up"?A. Attending a graduation ceremony.B. Listening to graduation speeches.C. Forgetting details of memorable events.D. Meeting high-profile graduation speakers.TEXT DCultural rules determine every aspect of food consumption. Who eats together defines social units. For example, in some societies, the nuclear family is the unit that regularly eats together. The anthropologist Mary Douglas has pointed out that, for the English, the kind of meal and the kind of food that is served relate to the kinds of social links between people who are eating together. She distinguishes between regular meals, Sunday meals when relatives may come, and cocktail parties for acquaintances. The food served symbolizes the occasion and reflects who is present. For example, only snacks are served at a cocktail party. It would be inappropriate to serve a steak or hamburgers. The distinctions among cocktails, regular meals, and special dinners mark the social boundaries between those guests who are invited for drinks, those who are invited to dinner, and those who come to a family meal. In this example, the type of food symbolizes the category of guest and with whom it is eaten.In some New Guinea societies, the nuclear family is not the unit that eats together. The men take their meals in a men's house, separately from their wives and children. Women prepare and eat their food in their own houses and take the husband's portion to the men's house. The women eat with their children in their own houses. This pattern is also widespread among Near Eastern societies.Eating is a metaphor that is sometimes used to signify marriage. In many New Guinea societies, like that of the Lesu on the island of New Ireland in the Pacific and that of the TrobriandIslanders, marriage is symbolized by the couple's eating together for the first time. Eating symbolizes their new status as a married couple. In U.S. society, it is just the reverse. A couple may go out to dinner on a first date.Other cultural rules have to do with taboos against eating certain things. In some societies, members of a clan, a type of kin (family) group, are not allowed to eat the animal or bird that is their totemic ancestor. Since they believe themselves to be descended from that ancestor, it would be like eating that ancestor or eating themselves.There is also an association between food prohibitions and rank, which is found in its most extreme form in the caste system of India. A caste system consists of ranked groups, each with a different economic specialization. In India, there is an association between caste and the idea of pollution. Members of highly ranked groups can be polluted by coming into contact with the bodily secretions, particularly saliva, of individuals of lower-ranked castes. Because of the fear of pollution, Brahmans and other high-ranked individuals will not share food with, no96. According to the passage, the English make clear distinctions betweenA. people who eat together.B. the kinds of food served.C. snacks and hamburgers.D. family members and guests.97. According to the passage, who will NOT eat together?A. The English.B. Americans on their first date.C. Men and women in Near Eastern societies.D. Newly-weds on the island of New Ireland.98. According to the passage, eating together indicates all the following EXCEPTA. the type of food.B. social relations.C. marital status.D. family ties.99. The last paragraph suggests that in India ____ decides how people eat.A. pollutionB. foodC. cultureD. social status100. Which of the following can best serve as the topic of the passage?A. Different kinds of food in the world.B. Relations between food and social units.C. Symbolic meanings of food consumption.D. Culture and manners of eating.PART V READING COMPREHENSION [25 MIN]In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. Mark your answers on Answer Sheet Two.TEXT ADo you realize that every time you take a step, the bones in your hip are subjected to forces between four and five times your body weight? When you are running, this force is increased further still. What happens if through disease a hip-joint ceases to be able to resist such forces?For many years hip-joints and other body joints have been replaceable either partially or completely. It is after all a simple ball and socket joint; it has certain loads imposed on it; it needs reliability over a defined life; it must contain materials suitable for the working environment. Any engineer will recognize these as characteristic of a typical engineering problem, which doctors and engineers have worked together to solve, in order to bring a fresh lease of life to people who would otherwise be disabled.This typifies the way in which engineers work to help people and create a better quality of life. The fact that this country has the most efficient agricultural industry in the world is another good example. Mechanical engineers have worked with farmers and biologists to produce fertilizers, machinery and harvesting systems. This team effort has now produced crops uniformly waist high or less so that they are better suited to mechanical harvesting. Similar advances with other crops have released people from hard and boring jobs for more creative work, whilst machines harvest crops more efficiently with less waste. Providing more food for the rapidly increasing population is yet another role for the mechanical engineer.81. According to the passage, when would most weight be imposed on hip-joints?A. When one is walking.B. When one is running.C. When one is standing.D. When one is lying down.82. Engineers regard the replacement of hip-joints as a(n) ____ Problem.A. mechanicalB. medicalC. healthD. agricultural83. According to the passage, how do engineers contribute to increasing efficiency of the agricultural industry?A. By working with farmers.B. By working in teams.C. By growing crops of the same height.D. By making agricultural machinery.84. According to the context, "This team effort'" in Paragraph Two refers toA. mechanical engineers.B. doctors and engineers.C. biologists, doctors and farmers.D. farmers, biologists and engineers.TEXT BNowadays, a cellphone service is available to everyone, everywhere. Probably thousands of people have already been using it, but I just discovered it, so I'm going to claim it and also name it: Fake Foning.The technology has been working well for me at the office, but there are infinite applications. Virtually in any public space.Say you work at a big university with lots of talky faculty members buzzing about. Now, say you need to use the restroom. The trip down the hall will take approximately one hour, because a person can't walk into those talky people without getting pulled aside for a question, a bit of gossip, a new read on a certain line of Paradise Lost.So, a cellphone. Any cellphone. Just pick it up. Don't dial. Just hold that phone to your face and start talking. Walk confidently down the hall engaged in fake conversation, making sure to tailor both the topic and content to the person standing before you whom you are trying to evade.For standard colleague avoidance, I suggest fake chatting about fake business:"Yes, I'm glad you called, because we really need to hammer out the details. What's that? Yes, I read Page 12, but if you look at the bottom of 4, I think you can see the problem begins rightBe animated. Be engaged in your fake fone conversation. Make eye contact with the people passing, nod to them, gesture keen interest in talking to them at a later time, point to your phone, shrug and move on.Shoppers should consider fake foning anytime they spot a talky neighbor in the produce department pinching (用手捏) unripe peaches. Without your phone at your face, you'd be in for a 20-minute speech on how terrible the world is.One important caution about fake foning. The other day I was fake foning my way past a colleague, and he was actually following me to get my attention. I knew he wanted to ask about a project I had not yet finished. I was trying to buy myself some time, so I continued fake foning with my doctor. "So I don't need the operation? Oh, doctor, that is the best news."And then: Brrrrrrng! Brrrrrmg! Brrrrrmg! My phone started ringing, right there while it was planted on my face. My colleague looked at me, and I at him, and naturally I gasped. "What is the matter with this thing?" I said, pulling the phone away to look at it, and then putting it back to my ear."Hello? Are you still there?"Oops.85. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Cellphone service is popular among people.B. Cellphone has much use in office.C. Fake foning is a new cellphone service.D. Fake foning is a new discovery.86. What is fake foning?A. A strategy to avoid people.B. A device newly produced.C. A service provided everywhere.D. A skill of communication.87. In the author's opinion, in order to make fake foning look real one has toA. talk about interesting matters.B. behave politely to people passing by.C. hold the phone while walking.D. appear absorbed in conversation.88. What does the last example show?A. One effective way is to fake fone one's doctor.B. One has to be careful while fake foning.C. Fake foning may not deceive people.D. Fake foning is always quite successful.89. After his phone suddenly began ringing, the authorA. immediately started talking to the caller.B. immediately started talking to his colleague.C. put the phone away and stopped talking.D. continued with his fake conversation.90. What is the tone of the passage?A. Critical.B. Humorous.C. Serious.D. Unclear.It was late in the afternoon, and I was putting the final touch on a piece of writing that I was feeling pretty good about. I wanted to save it, but my cursor had frozen. I tried to shut the computer down, and it seized up altogether. Unsure of what else to do, I yanked (用力猛拉) the battery out.Unfortunately, Windows had been in the midst of a delicate and crucial undertaking. The next morning, when I turned my computer back on, it informed me that a file had been corrupted and Windows would not load. Then, it offered to repair itself by using the Windows Setup CD.I opened the special drawer where I keep CDs. But no Windows CD in there. I was forced to call the computer company's Global Support Centre. My call was answered by a woman in some unnamed, far-off land. I find it annoying to make small talk with someone when I don't know what continent they're standing on. Suppose I were to comment on the beautiful weather we've been having when there was a monsoon at the other end of the phone? So I got right to the point."My computer is telling me a file is corrupted and it wants to fix itself, but I don't have the Windows Setup CD.""So you're having a problem with your Windows Setup CD." She has apparently been dozing and, having come to just as the sentence ended, was attempting to cover for her inattention.It quickly became clear that the woman was not a computer technician. Her job was to serve as a gatekeeper, a human shield for the technicians. Her sole duty, as far as I could tell, was to raise global stress levels.To make me disappear, the woman gave me the phone number for Windows' creator, Microsoft. This is like giving someone the phone number for, I don't know, North America. Besides, the CD worked; I just didn't have it. No matter how many times I repeated my story, we came back to the same place. She was calm and resolutely polite.When my voice hit a certain decibel (分贝), I was passed along, like a hot, irritable potato, to a technician."You don't have the Windows Setup CD, ma'am, because you don't need it," he explained cheerfully."Windows came preinstalled on your computer!""But I do need it.""Yes, but you don't have it." We went on like this for a while. Finally, he offered to walk me through the use of a different CD, one that would erase my entire system. "Of course, you'd lose all your e-mail, your documents, your photos." It was like offering to drop a safe on my head to cure my headache. "You might be able to recover them, but it would be expensive." He sounded delighted. "And it's not covered by the warranty (产品保证书)!" The safe began to seem like a good idea, provided it was full.I hung up the phone and drove my computer to a small, friendly repair place I'd heard about. A smart, helpful man dug out a Windows CD and told me it wouldn't be a problem. An hour later, he called to let me know it was ready. I thanked him, and we chatted about the weather, which was the same outside my window as it was outside his.91. Why did the author shut down her computer abruptly?A. She had saved what she had written.B. She couldn't move the cursor.C. The computer refused to work.D. The computer offered to repair itself.92. Which of the following is the author's opinion about the woman at the Global Support Centre?A. She sounded helpful and knowledgeable.B. She was there to make callers frustrated.C. She was able to solve her computer problem.D. She was quick to pass her along to a technician.93. According to the passage, the solution offered by the technician wasA. effective.B. economical.C. unpractical.D. unacceptable.94. "It was like offering to drop a safe on my head to cure my headache" in the last but one paragraph means thatA. the technician's proposal would make things even worse.B. the technician's proposal could eventually solve the problem.C. files stored on her computer were like a safe.D. erasing the entire system was like curing a headache.95. It can be inferred from the passage that the differences between the Global Support Centre and the local repair shop lie in all the following EXCEPTA. efficiency.B. location.C. setup CDs.D. attitude.TEXT DNot long ago, a mysterious Christmas card dropped through our mail slot. The envelope was addressed to a man named Raoul, who, I was relatively certain, did not live with us. The envelope wasn't sealed, so I opened it. The inside of the card was blank. Ed, my husband, explained that the card was both from and to the newspaper deliveryman. His name was apparently Raoul, and Raoul wanted a holiday tip. We were meant to put a check inside the card and then drop the envelope in the mail. When your services are rendered at 4 a.m., you can't simply hang around, like a hotel bellboy expecting a tip. You have to be direct.So I wrote a nice holiday greeting to this man who, in my imagination, fires The New York Times from his bike aimed at our front door, causing more noise with mere newsprint than most people manage with sophisticated black market fireworks.With a start, I realized that perhaps the reason for the 4 a.m. wake-up noise was not ordinary rudeness but carefully executed spite: I had not tipped Raoul in Christmases past. I honestly hadn't realized I was supposed to. This was the first time he'd used the card tactic. So I got out my checkbook. Somewhere along the line, holiday tipping went from an optional thank-you for a year of services to a Mafia-style protection racket (收取保护费的黑社会组织).Several days later, I was bringing our garbage bins back from the curb when I noticed an envelope taped to one of the lids. The outside of the envelope said MICKEY. It had to be another tip request, this time from our garbage collector. Unlike Raoul, Mickey hadn't enclosed his own Christmas card from me. In a way, I appreciated the directness. "I know you don't care how merry my Christmas is, and that's fine," the gesture said. "I want $30, or I'll 'forget' to empty your garbage bin some hot summer day."I put a check in the envelope and taped it back to the bin. The next morning, Ed noticed that the envelope was gone, though the trash hadn't yet been picked up: "Someone stole Mickey's tip!" Ed was quite certain. He made me call the bank and cancel the check.But Ed had been wrong. Two weeks later, Mickey left a letter from the bank on our steps. Theletter informed Mickey that the check, which he had tried to cash, had been cancelled. The following Tuesday morning, when Ed saw a truck outside, he ran out with his wallet. "Are you Mickey?"The man looked at him with scorn. "Mickey is the garbageman. I am the recycling." Not only had Ed insulted this man by hinting that he was a garbageman, but he had obviously neglected to tip him. Ed ran back inside for more funds. Then he noticed that the driver of the truck had been watching the whole transaction. He peeled off another twenty and looked around, waving bills in the air. "Anyone else?"Had we consulted the website of the Emily Post Institute, this embarrassing breach of etiquette (礼节) could have been avoided. Under "trash/recycling collectors" in the institute's Holiday Tipping Guidelines, it says: "$10 to $30 each." You may or may not wish to know that your pet groomer, hairdresser, mailman and UPS guy all expect a holiday tip.96. The newspaper deliveryman put a blank card inside the envelope becauseA. he forgot to write a few words on it.B. he wanted the couple to send it back.C. he used it to ask for a Christmas tip.D. he was afraid of asking for a tip in person.97. From the passage, we learn that the authorA. didn't like Raoul's way of delivering the paper.B. didn't realize why Raoul delivered the paper that way.C. didn't know that Raoul came very early in the morning.D. didn't feel it necessary to meet Raoul when he came.98. According to the passage, the author felt ____ to give Raoul a holiday tip.A. excitedB. delightedC. embarrassedD. forced99. Which of the following is CORRECT about Mickey, the garbage collector?A. He wrote a letter to the couple afterwards.B. He failed to collect the money from the bank.C. He wanted the couple to send him a Christmas card.D. He collected both the cheek and the garbage that day.100. Ed's encounter with the recycling team shows thatA. Ed was desperate to correct his mistake.B. Ed only wanted to give money to Raoul.C. Ed was unwilling to tip the truck driver.D. Ed no longer wanted to give them money.。