第4次作业及答案
《教育学》第四次作业答案
一、名词解释1、《大教学论》:《大教学论》是17世纪捷克教育家夸美纽斯在教育理论方面的代表作。
《大教学论》是近代以来第一部教育学著作。
它大体可分为五个组成部分:总论、教学论、德育论、学制系统及课程论、实现教育改革计划的呼吁,奠定了近代以来班级授课制的理论基础。
2、课堂管理:从教师对学生的引导与激励以及学生的自我管理角度对课堂管理做出描述:课堂管理是建立适宜课堂环境、保持课堂互动、促进课堂生长的历程。
其中,建立适宜课堂环境是课堂管理的基本前提,保持课堂互动是课堂管理的衡量尺度,促进课堂生长是课堂管理的最终目标。
课堂管理的内容主要包括课堂常规管理、课堂环境管理、课堂秩序的管理、课堂活动管理。
3、活动课程:活动课程是从学生的兴趣与需要出发,以学生的主动实践获取直接经验为主来安排的课程。
4、教育的质的规定性:⑴教育是人类社会所特有的一种有意识的社会活动,在动物界不存在人类的这种活动。
⑵教育是人类有意识地传递社会经验的活动,这要比动物通过遗传方式传递信息具有极大的优越性。
⑶教育是以人的培养为直接目标的社会实践活动,这是教育与其他社会活动的基础。
5、教育制度:教育制度是指一个国家或地区各级各类的教育机构与组织的体系及其管理规则。
首先,教育制度是指一个国家或地区的各级各类学校的教育机构和组织的体系;其次,教育制度是指教育机构与组织体系赖以存在与运行的一整套规则。
6、个体的社会化:个体的社会化是指在社会的教育和熏陶下,个体从自然人发展成社会人的过程,社会化过程贯穿于个人的一生。
根据年龄分期,社会化分为童年社会化、青少年社会化和**社会化。
根据社会化的内容划分,它包括童年社会化和基本社会化。
7、教育美育:教育美育指的是要使全部教育活动成为美育事业的组成部分,教育活动本身要努力做到审美化。
教育美育要求教育者充分创造教育活动的形式美,同时努力发掘教育活动中所有美的要素作为美的资源。
8、教育的有限性:教育对人身心发展的影响是有限的,即教育对人身心发展的主导作用有条件的:一是教育符合社会的发展方向。
建筑施工与管理B第4次作业
本次作业是本门课程本学期的第4次作业,注释如下:一、单项选择题(只有一个选项正确,共10道小题)1. 我国的建设程序分为六个阶段,其中属于第二阶段的主要工作是()。
(A) 可行性研究(B) 设计文件(C) 竣工验收(D) 组织施工正确答案:A解答参考:2. 为保证专业工作队能连续作业,应使m≥n,其适用条件是()。
(A) 单层建筑(B) 多层建筑(C) 与层次无关(D) 工作面正确答案:B解答参考:3. 加快成倍节拍流水步距是各流水节拍的()。
(A) 最小公倍数(B) 最大公约数(C) 平均数(D) 成倍数正确答案:B解答参考:4. 某一工程的工程量为Q,产量定额为S,每天工作一班制,每班工人人数R,共分m段组织施工,则流水节拍为()。
(A)(B)(C)(D)你选择的答案: [前面作业中已经做正确] [正确]正确答案:A解答参考:5. 可以独立施工,但完工后一般不能独立发挥生产能力和效益的工程,被称为()。
(A) 分项项目(B) 单项工程(C) 单位工程(D) 分项工程正确答案:C解答参考:6. 在网络图中对编号的描述错误的是()。
(A) 箭头编号大于箭尾编号(B) 应从小到大、从左往右编号(C) 可以间隔编号(D) 可以编号重复正确答案:D解答参考:7. 网络图的终点节点无()。
(A) 内向箭线(B) 紧前工作(C) 紧后工作(D) 时差正确答案:C解答参考:8. 在下列施工总平面图设计的步骤中,排序正确的是()。
(A) 引入场外交通——布置仓库——布置场内交通——布置临时用房——布置水电(B) 引入场外交通——布置场内交通——布置仓库——布置临时用房——布置水电(C) 引入场外交通——布置仓库——布置场内交通——布置水电——布置临时用房(D) .引入场外交通——布置场内交通——布置仓库——布置水电——布置临时用房正确答案:A解答参考:9. 分部分项工程施工组织设计以()为编制对象。
(A) 单位工程(B) 分部(分项)工程(C) 专业工程(D) 工程项目正确答案:B解答参考:10. 下列关于单代号网络图的说法中,正确的是()。
心理学(本)第四次作业及答案
心理学(本)第四次作业及答案一、单项选择题,每题2分,共16分1.高级神经活动属强而平衡、不灵活型,与其对应的气质类型是( B )。
A.多血质B. 粘液质C. 胆汁质D. 抑郁质2. 妄想型人格属于( C )。
A.强迫型人格B.冲动型人格C.偏执型人格D.焦虑性人格3. 人格特质理论最早是由(B)提出的。
A. 柏尔曼B. 奥尔波特C. 盖伦D. 希波克拉底4.下列属于成人心理不健康的表现有( C )。
A.乐于交往,有良好的人际关系B. 适应现实生活C. 仍像幼儿那样天真幼稚D. 自尊、自爱、奋发向上5. 人们通过自己的经验形成对某类人或某类事较为固定的看法叫(C)。
A. 光环效应B. 定型C. 刻板印象D. 第一印象6. 个人由于受到群体的影响而改变自己的态度,在认知或行为上与多数人趋于一致的现象叫做( D )。
A. 服从B.去个性化C.依从D.从众7. 思维灵活、行动敏捷、对环境适应力强、但缺乏耐心、稳定性差的气质类型是( A )A. 多血质B. 胆汁质C. 抑郁质D. 粘液质8. (D)是人格中最重要的心理特征,是人格中最本质、最核心的部分,是区别一个人与众不同的明显的和主要的差别所在。
A.情绪B.能力C.气质D.性格二、多选题每题3分,共15分1.下列属于衡量青少年心理健康的的标准的是(ABCDE )A. 正常健康的交往B. 行为方式与社会角色相一致,符合常规C. 现实地认识自我、承认自我、接受自我D. 对挫折有较高的承受力E. 统一的人格、心理保持连续性2. 人的高级的社会性情感主要包括(ABE )A. 理智感B. 道德感C. 恐惧感D. 友谊感E. 美感3. 自我监控是指个体对自己的行为、活动和态度的调控。
主要包括(ABD)等。
A. 自我监督B. 自我检查C. 自我体验D. 情绪自我控制4. 对人格进行测量,主要的测量方法包括(ABCD )等。
A. 自我概念测验B. 情境测验C. 投射测验D. 自陈式量表测验5. 下面哪些方法属于行为主义方法?(ABD)A. 强化法B. 代币制C. 暗示法D. 消退法E. 宣泄疏导法三、简答题(每题6分,共24分)1.简述自我概念的内容。
管理学原理A第4次作业
本次作业是本门课程本学期的第4次作业,注释如下:一、单项选择题(只有一个选项正确,共19道小题)1. 管理学意义上的领导者,必须具有能够影响他人的权力。
(A)个人影响权(B)专长权(C)模范作用(D) 管理的制度权力正确答案:D解答参考:2. 从管理的制度权力的集中与分散角度,领导类型可划分为。
(A)集权式领导与创新式领导(B) 创新式领导与民主式领导(C) 集权式领导与民主式领导(D) 维持式领导与民主式领导正确答案:C解答参考:3。
民主式领导意味着领导者通过对权力的分解,以激励下属实现组织目标。
(A)管理制度权力(B)个人模范权(C) 专长权(D)个人影响权正确答案:A解答参考:4. 在布莱克和穆顿的管理方格论中,“领导者对工作极为关心,但忽略对人的关心"的领导风格属于。
(A) 贫乏型管理(B) 中庸之道型管理(C)专权式管理(D) 理想型管理正确答案:C解答参考:5。
X理论认为工人进行工作的主要目标是()的需要。
(A) 经济(B)社交(C) 尊敬(D)自我实现正确答案:A解答参考:6。
管理激励必须以组织成员的()为基点。
(A) 行为(B) 需要(C) 业绩(D)工作正确答案:B解答参考:7. “双因素理论”中,激励因素与()紧密相连.(A)工作条件(B)工作环境(C)工作内容(D) 人际关系正确答案:C解答参考:8. “双因素理论"中,能防止人们产生不满意感的一类因素是()。
(A)工作业绩(B) 激励因素(C) 工作内容(D)保健因素正确答案:D解答参考:9. 在“双因素理论"中,要想真正激励员工努力工作,就必须去改善(),才会增加员工的工作满意感。
(A) 激励因素(B) 保健因素(C)工作条件(D) 工作环境正确答案:A解答参考:10。
由美国心理学家赫兹伯格提出的需要激励理论是()。
(A)需要层次理论(B) 成就需要理论(C) 双因素理论(D) ERG理论正确答案:C解答参考:11. 控制就是()各项活动保证其按计划进行,并纠正各项偏差的过程.()(A)监视(B)协调(C) 领导(D)组织正确答案:A解答参考:12。
开放英语3第四次作业及1-4次答案
11春开放本科英语II[1]第四次作业开放英语3第四次作业姓名专业学号成绩()1、Is Julie’s husband wearing a suit?A He has just come back from the officeB Yes, he isC Yes, he wearsD He went swimming yester day()2、How much is this blue tablecloth?A The green one is betterB Ten dollars and thirty centsC It’s cheapD Yes, It’s beautiful()3. Marilyn, I’m afraid I have to be leaving nowA That sounds wonderfulB Oh, so early?C Not at allD Good luck!()4.Would you like another slice of Christmas cake?I’m fullA Yes, pleaseB No more, thanksC Why not?D Nothing more()5.Tomorrow is my birthdayA Oh, I have no ideaB I’m glad you like itC Many happy returns of happyD You must be very happy阅读理解1、 People often say that the Englishman's home is his castle. They m ean that the home is very important and personal. Most people in Brit ain live in houses rather than flats, and many people own their home s. This means that they can make them personal, and change them in an y way they like. Most houses have a garden, even if it is a small on e, and the garden is usually loved. The house and the garden are the private space of a person. In a crowded city a person knows that he o r she has a private space which is only for himself or herself and fo r invited friends.People usually like to mark their space. If you are on the beach y ou may have spread your towels around you; in the rain you may have p ut your coat or small bag on the seat beside you; in a library you ma y spread your books around you.Once I was traveling on a train to London. I was on a section for four people and there was a table between us. The man opposite to me had his briefcase on the table. There was no space on my side of the table at all. I was unhappy. I thought he thought that he owned the whole table. I had been reading a book about nonverbal (非语言的) c ommunication so I took various papers out of my bag and put them on h is case! When I did this he suddenly became angry and his eyes nearly popped out (突出)of his head. I had taken up his space! A few minu tes later I took my papers off in order to read them. He immediately moved his case to his side of the table.()6、What does the first sentence in Paragraph 1 mean?A:The home matters greatly to Englishmen. B: The castle is mo re important than the home.C:The home is more important than the castle. D:Englishmen usu ally live in homes instead of castles.()7、Which of the following is NOT the reason for most British to live in homes?A:They can make changes in houses in which they live.B:They love houses more than gardens.C:They can own private space like the house and the garden.D:They can keep the private space to themselves and friends.()8、According to Paragraph 2, if you spread your books around yo u in a library, it means ______.A:you want to spread your towels around you further B:you want t o put your coat on the tableC:you can find no space for your books on the seat D: you want to tell others the space belongs to you()9、How did the man opposite to the writer show he owned the who le table?A:He sat in a section for four people. B:He placed his briefcase on the table.C:He was traveling on a train to London. D:He was reading a book.()10、The writer tried to get back his space by ______.A:moving the case off the table B:taking all his papers outC:taking up the space of the man opposite D:showing th e books concerned to the man词汇和结构()11.Twenty people were wounded in the air cra shA quicklyB wronglyC bitterlyD seriously()12.Will you me a favor, please?A doB makeC bringD give()13.The public store is to close at 9:00 p.mno need to worry;it is 7:30 p.mA You haveB They haveC It isD There is()14.There was so much noise in the classroom that the teacher co uldn’t make himselfA heardB hearingC to hearD hear()15.Take this medicine twice a day,Peter?Do I have to take it?It so terribleA is tastingB is tastedC tastesD has tasted完型填空Modern zoos are very different from zoos that were built fifty years 1 6 . At that time, zoos were places 17 people could go to see animals from many parts of the world. The animals lived in cages that were made 18 concrete with iron bars, cages that were easy to k eep clean.19 for the animals, the cages were small and impossible to hi de in. The zoo environment was 20 natural. 21 the zoo keepers took good care of the animals and fed them well, many of the animals did not thrive; they behaved in strange ways, and they often became i ll.In modern zoos, people can see animals in more natural habitats. The animals are given more 22 in large areas so that they can live more23 as they would in nature. Even the appearance of zoos has changed. Trees and grass grow in the cages, and streams of water flow 24 the areas 25 animals live in.16. A. later B. ago C. before D. aft er17. A. which B. that C. when D. whe re18. A. up of B. into C. of D. for19. A. Unfortunately B. Successfully C. luckily D. Unusually20. A. only B. anything only C. but D. anything but21. A. Despite B. Since C. Now that D. Although22. A. freedom B. food C. drink D. dependence23. A. silently B. comfortably C. difficultlyD. independently24. A. over B. through C. for D. below25. A. that B. where C. when D. the se英译汉1.As is known to all, China is a developing country.2.It is not necessary to do this work.3.They thought that there must be something wrong with their TV set.Instructions: 建议你在30分钟内,根据下面所给的题目用英语写出一篇不少于80词的短文。
大学英语4第四次作业
大学英语4 第四次作业一、单选题 (共85.00分)1.He has more money than the rest of us ________.A.in totallyB.to put togetherC.put togetherD.putting together 正确答案:C2.The crowd started to ________ when the night fell.A.break outB.break offC.break upD.break down 正确答案:C3.I curiously asked her about her ________ behavior.A.oddB.ordinaryC.formalD.normal 正确答案:A4.Would you afford a poor child a temporary ________?A.securityB.shelterC.preservationD.conservation 正确答案:B5.I stood still, trying to ________ a reasonable excuse.A.discoverB.solveC.inventD.create 正确答案:C6.She woke him for his medicines at ________ throughout the night.A.intervalsB.intervalC.occasionD.occasions 正确答案:A7.He showed good judgment in deciding not to ________ in the project.A.devoteB.giveC.inventD.invest正确答案:D8.He can’t spend too much time arguing with you about the matter. He ________.A.TrueB.False 正确答案:A9.The author’s mother thought Chinese women gained less than men in 1973.A.TrueB.False 正确答案:B10.The author pursued her career knowing that she could do anything she wanted.A.TrueB.False 正确答案:A11.The author doesn’t think that everything was possible.A.TrueB.False 正确答案:B12.No one could _________ how he got to be so wealthy.A.work outB.figure oute overD.think of 正确答案:B13.You can always _________ him when you are in difficulties.A.appeal toB.turn towardsC.depend inD.fall back on 正确答案:D14.Sometimes you have to learn to _________ and work harder.A.put your head upB.sink your heart belowC.put your heart downD.put your head down 正确答案:D15.She proudly displayed her degree _________ to her parents.A.certificateB.centigradeC.thesisD.proof 正确答案:A16.They will receive their awards at a _________ in Stockholm.A.meetingB.conferenceC.ceremonyD.appointment 正确答案:C17.If your talent combines with diligence, you can excel in your _________.A.pursueB.chasingC.processD.pursuit 正确答案:D二、多选题 (共15.00分)1.What did the writer think of her mother?A.Mother for she was always adventurous.B.She was afraid of the nature.C.Her mother was not an entirely traditional wife.D.She just wanted to act well as a mother and wife. 正确答案:A C2.What is the writer’s opinion of a woman’s roles?A.A woman should be fearless by nature.B.A woman should not confine herself merely to a wife and mother.C.A woman should get a nursing degree or a teaching certificate or learn cooking skills.D.A woman also can be successful in career.正确答案:B D3.What lesson did the mother teach her daughter at last?A.Just to do the things as you are told to.B.Everything is possible.C.If you try your best, you can do anything you want to do.D.To ignore everything and just do yourself. 正确答案:B C。
第四次形考作业实验答案:电大数据库应用技术
第四次形考作业实验答案:电大数据库应用技术一、实验目的1. 掌握数据库的基本操作;2. 熟悉数据库管理系统的使用;3. 了解电力大数据库的结构和内容;4. 提高学生对数据库应用技术的能力。
二、实验环境1. 数据库管理系统:MySQL;2. 编程语言:Python;3. 操作系统:Windows 10;4. 开发工具:Navicat for MySQL、PyCharm。
三、实验内容1. 数据库的创建与表的创建操作步骤:1. 打开Navicat for MySQL,连接到MySQL数据库服务器;2. 创建一个新的数据库,命名为“电力大数据库”;3. 在“电力大数据库”中创建一个新表,命名为“电力设备表”,字段包括:设备ID(int)、设备名称(varchar)、设备类型(varchar)、设备位置(varchar);4. 向“电力设备表”中插入一些示例数据。
示例代码:CREATE DATABASE 电力大数据库;USE 电力大数据库;CREATE TABLE 电力设备表 (设备ID INT PRIMARY KEY,设备名称 VARCHAR(50),设备类型 VARCHAR(50),设备位置 VARCHAR(50));INSERT INTO 电力设备表 (设备ID, 设备名称, 设备类型, 设备位置)VALUES (1, '配电箱', '电力设备', '变电站A');INSERT INTO 电力设备表 (设备ID, 设备名称, 设备类型, 设备位置)VALUES (2, '开关柜', '电力设备', '变电站B');INSERT INTO 电力设备表 (设备ID, 设备名称, 设备类型, 设备位置)VALUES (3, '变压器', '电力设备', '变电站C');2. 数据库的查询与操作操作步骤:1. 使用SQL语句查询“电力设备表”,找出所有设备类型为“电力设备”的记录;2. 修改查询结果中设备ID为2的记录,将设备位置改为“变电站D”;3. 删除查询结果中设备ID为3的记录。
第4次作业题和参考答案
3
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2′
(a)
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2′
(b)
答案: uS2 = 100V 。
5. 电路如图所示。当 uS=10V,iS=2A 时,电流 i=4A;当 uS=5V,iS=4A 时,电流 i=6A。 求当 uS=15V,iS=1A 时的电流 i。
i
线性无源
Hale Waihona Puke iS电阻网络R
答案: i = 3.333A
-+ uS
6. 下图所示电路中,US=8V,IS=1mA,α=0.5,R1= R2=2kΩ,R3=1kΩ,R4= R5= R6=3kΩ。 求:
3A a
1Ω
2Ω
R 3Ω
2Ω
1A
b
答案: I = 0.75A
4. 下图所示电路中,N 为线性无源电阻网络。已知图(a)中 uS1=20V,i1=10A,i2=2A。 在图(b)中 i1′=4A,则 uS2=?
i1 1
+ uS1
-
2 i2
+
N u2
-
i1′ 1
+
3Ω u1′ N
-
2 i2′
++
u2′
uS2
值。
I b
R b′
a
+
a′
−US
答案: I = 1.5A
9. 下图所示电路中,N 为无源线性电阻网络。当 R2=2Ω,US=6V 时,测得 I1=2A,U2=2V。 如果当 R2=4Ω,US=10V 时,又测得 I1=3A,求此时得电压 U2。
I1 1
+
US
N
-
1′
2 I2
+ R2 U2
蓝鸽平台第四次作业及答案
Test 4Part One Vocabulary1.A mass of love was between us, and neither Ulick nor I knew【参考答案】:AA. whatB. howC. whichD. when2. I am a seasoned and honorable English teacher with a ________ way to train both fellow teachers and office【参考答案】:AA. uniqueB. uniformC. universalD. usual3.The auto plant now has an annual ________ of 12,000 cars.【参考答案】:BA. capabilityB. capacityC.competence D. volume4.Scientific instruments have to be made with great ________.【参考答案】:CA. delicacyB. elaborationC. precisionD. accuracy5.The process of moving involves a real estate agent for【参考答案】:BA. advocatingB. advertisingC. promotingD. claiming6. On no account should we ________ our fine traditions and【参考答案】:CA. dissuadeB. dismissC. discardD. discharge7. Your ________ on the spot will be an inspiration to all. [7].【参考答案】:AA. presenceB. absenceC. attendanceD. incidence8. Finding himself under fire from all quarters, he had no________ but to abandon his scheme for the time being. [8].【参考答案】:BA. securityB. alternativeC.strategy D. shelter9. It is a pity that he doesn’t have enough money to ________【参考答案】:CA. foldB. presideC. sponsorD. auction10. A ________ approach to the problem is to minimize the number【参考答案】:AA. soundB. profoundC. drasticD. radical11. If we do not know the facts, we are in no ________ to handle【参考答案】:CA. abilityB. moodC. positionD. situation12. During the 1960s, scientists were optimistic that malariacould be ________ out, and in fact, great progress was made.【参考答案】:BA. putB. wipedC. pulledD. eliminated【参考答案】:BA. all in allB. above allC. all butD. after all14. Property on which money has been lent is ________ when the【参考答案】:DA. regainedB. recycledC. reclaimedD. redeemed15. For one reason or another their holiday in France didn't ________ up to expectations. [15].【参考答案】:BA. faceB. comeC. goD. holdPart Two Reading CompreshionDirections: In this section, you are going to read apassage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the corresponding letter to the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once.The Peak Time For EverythingA)Could you pack more into each day if you did everything at the optimal time? A growing body of research suggests that paying attention to the body clock, and its effects on energy and alertness, can help pinpoint the different times of day when most of us perform our best at specific ta sks, from resolving conflicts to thinking creatively.1. Keep pace with natural rhythms.B) Most people organize their time around everything but the body's natural rhythms. Workday demands, commuting, social events and kids' schedules frequently dominate -- inevitably clashing with the body's circadian(生理节奏的) rhythms of waking and sleeping.C)Disruption of circadian rhythms has been linked to such problems as diabetes, depression, dementia(痴呆)and obesity, says Steve Kay, a professor of molecular and computational biology at the University of Southern California. When the body's master clock can synchronize functioning of all its metabolic(新陈代谢的), cardiovascular and behavioral rhythms in response to light and other natural stimuli, it 'gives us an edge in daily life,' Dr. Kay says.D)When it comes to doing cognitive work, for example, most adults perform best in the late morning, says Dr. Kay. As body temperature starts to rise just before awakening in the morning and continues to increase through midday, working memory, alertness and concentration gradually improve. Taking a warm morning shower can jump-start the process. E)The ability to focus and concentrate typically starts toslide soon thereafter. Most people are more easily distracted from noon to 4 p.m., according to recent research led by Robert Matchock, an associate professor of psychology at Pennsylvania State University. Alertness tends to slump after eating a meal, Dr. Matchock found. Sleepiness also tends to peak around 2 p.m., making that a good time for a nap, says Martin Moore-Ede, chairman and chief executive of Circadian,a Stoneham, Mass., training and consulting firm.2. Make good use of fatigue.F) Surprisingly, fatigue may boost creative powers. For most adults, problems that require open-ended thinking are often best tackled in the evening when they are tired, according to a 2011 study in the journal Thinking & Reasoning. When 428 students were asked to solve a series of two types of problems, requiring either analytical or novel thinking, their performance on the second type was best at non-peak times of day when they were tired, according to the study led by Mareike Wieth, an assistant professor of psychological sciences at Albion College in Michigan. (Their performance on analytical problems didn't change over the course of the day.) Fatigue, Dr. Wieth says, may allow the mind to wander more freely to explore alternative solutions.G) Of course, everyone's body clock isn't the same, making it even harder to synchronize natural rhythms with daily plans. A significant minority of people operate on either of two distinctive chronotypes, research shows: Morningpeople tend to wake up and go to sleep earlier and to be most productive early in the day. Evening people ten d to wake up later, start more slowly and peak in the evening.3. Attach great importance to communication online.H) Communicating with friends and colleagues online has its own optimal cycles, research shows. Sending emails early in the day helps beat the inbox rush; 6 a.m. messages are most likely to be read, says Dan Zarrella, social-media scientist for HubSpot, a Cambridge, Mass.I) Reading Twitter at 8 a.m. or 9 a.m. can start your day ona cheery note. That's when users are most likely to tw eet upbeat, enthusiastic messages, and least likely to senddownbeat tweets steeped in fear, distress, anger or guilt, according to a study of 509 million tweets sent over two years by 2.4 million Twitter users, published last year in Science. One likely factor? 'Sleep is refreshing' and leaves people alert and enthusiastic, says Michael Walton Macy, a sociology professor at Cornell University and co-author of the study. The cheeriness peaks about 1-1/2 hours later on weekends -- perhaps because people are sleeping in, Dr. Macy says.J) Other social networking is better done later in the day. If you want your tweets to be re-tweeted, post them between 3 p.m. and 6 p.m., when many people lack energy to share their own tweets and turn to relaying other s' instead, Mr. Zarrella says. And posts to Facebook at about 8 p.m. tend to get the most 'likes,' after people get home from work or finish dinner. At that time of day, they're likely to turn to Facebook feeling less stressed. 'You have less stuff to do a nd more time to give,' says Mr. Zarrella.K) Late-night drama can be found on Twitter, where emotions heat up just before bedtime, between 10 p.m. and 11 p.m., says Scott Andrew Golder, a Ph.D. candidate at Cornell University and co-author of the Twitter study. At that time, people tended to send more emotion-laden tweets, both positive and negative. Tired out by the workday, but also freed from its stresses and demands, people become 'more alert and engaged, but also more agitated,' Dr. Macy says.4. Choose the right exercise time.L) When choosing a time of day to exercise, paying attention to your body clock can also improve results. Physical performance is usually best, and the risk of injury least, from about 3 p.m. to 6 p.m., says Michael Smol ensky, an adjunct professor of biomedical engineering at the University of Texas, Austin, and lead author with Lynne Lamberg of 'The Body Clock Guide to Better Health.'M) Muscle strength tends to peak between 2 p.m. and 6 p.m. at levels as much as 6% ab ove the day's lows, improving your ability to grip a club or racquet. Another boost for physical strength comes from the lungs, which function17.6% more efficiently at 5 p.m. than at midday, according toa study of 4,756 patients led by Boris Medarov, an assistant professor of medicine at Albany Medical College in New York. N) Eye-hand coordination is best in late afternoon, making that a good time for racquetball or Frisbee. And joints and muscles are as much as 20% more flexible in the evenin g, lowering the risk of injury, Dr. Smolensky says. These body rhythms hold true regardless of how much you've slept or how recently you've eaten.1. Due to different body clocks, people may feel it difficult tolans. [16].【参考答案】:Gphysical rhythms. [17].【参考答案】:Bafternoon. [18].【参考答案】:Etiredness may help people think more freely. [19].【参考答案】:Fimprove their performance at work. [20].【参考答案】:D6. The benefit of sending e-mails early in the morning is thatpeople tend to read these messages. [21]. 【参考答案】:Hep and diet. [22].【参考答案】:Nstress will be more likely to get “likes”. [23].【参考答案】:Js later than that on weekdays. [24].【参考答案】:Isuffer least injury. [25].【参考答案】:L阅读理解Directions:Choose the best answer for each of the questions or unfinished statements after the reading passages. [题数:10;分数:30分;参考时间:20分0秒]Passage 1The fridge is considered anecessity. It has been so since the1960s when packaged food firstappeared with the label: "store inthe refrigerator".26. The statement "In myfridgeless Fifties childhood, I wasfed well and healthily." suggeststhat ____.In my fridgeless Fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily. The milkman came daily, the grocer, the butcher, the baker, and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times a week. The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus (剩余) bread and mild became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted, and we were never troubled by rotten food. Thirty years on, food deliveries have ceased, fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country.The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation. A vast way of well-tried techniques already existed - natural cooling, drying, smoking, sugaring, bottling ...What refrigeration did promote was marketing - marketing hardware and electricity, marketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around the globe in search of a good price. Consequently, most of the world's fridges are to be found, not in the tropics where they might prove useful, but in the wealthy countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary. Every winter, millions of fridges hum away continuously, and at vast expense, busily maintaining anartificially-cooled space inside an artificially-heated house - while outside, nature provides the desired temperature free of charge. The fridge's effect upon the environment has been evident, while[A] the author was well-fedand healthy even without a fridge in his fifties[B] the author was notaccustomed to using fridges even in his fifties[C] there was no fridge in the author's home in the 1950s[D] the fridge was in its early stage of development in the 1950s 【参考答案】:C27. Why does the author say that nothing was wasted before the invention of fridges?____[A] People would not buy more food than was necessary.[B] Food was delivered to people two or three times a week.[C] Food was sold fresh and did not get rotten easily.[D] People had effective ways to preserve their food.【参考答案】:D28. Who benefited the least from fridges according to theauthor?____its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant. If you don't believe me, try it yourself, invest in a food cabinet and turn off your fridge next winter. You may miss the hamburgers, but at least you'll get rid of terrible hum.[A] Inventors.[B] Consumers.[C] Manufactures.[D] Traveling salesmen.【参考答案】:B29. Which of the following phrases in the fifth paragraph indicates the fridge's negative effect on the environment?____[A] "Hum away continuously".[B] "Climatically almost unnecessary".[C] "Artificially-cooled space".[D] "With mild temperatures". 【参考答案】:A30. What is the author's overall attitude toward fridges?____[A] Neutral.[B] Critical.[C] Objective.[D] Compromising.【参考答案】:BPassage 2Status is a marvelous human invention that enables us to get along with one another and to determine where we "fit" in society. As we go about our everyday lives, we mentally attempt to place people in terms of their status. For example, we must judge whether the person in the library is a reader or a librarian, whether the telephone caller is a friend or a salesman, whether the unfamiliar person on our property is a thief or a meter reader, and so on.The status we assume often varies with the people we encounter, and changes throughout life. Most of us can. at very high speed, assume the status with various requirements. Much of social interaction consists of identifying and selecting among appropriate status and allowing other people to assume their status in relation to us. This means that we fit our actions to those of other people based on a constant mental process of appraisal and interpretation. Although some of us find the task more difficult than others, most of us perform it rather effortlessly.Status has been compared to ready-made clothes. Within certain limits, the buyer can choose style 31. In the first paragraph, the writer tells us that status can help us ____.[A] determine whether a person is fit for a certain job[B] behave appropriately in relation to other people[C] protect ourselves in unfamiliar situation[D] make friends with other people【参考答案】:B32. According to the writer, people often assume different status ____.[A] in order to identify themselves with others[B] in order to better identify others[C] as their mental processes change[D] as the situation changesand fabric. But an American is not free to choose the costume (服装) of a Chinese peasant or that of a Hindu prince. We must choose from among the clothing presented by our society. Furthermore, our choice is limited to a size that will fit, as well as by our pocketbook (钱包). Having made a choice within these limits we can have certain alterations made. but apart from minor adjustments, we tend to be limited to what the stores have on their racks. Status too comes ready made. and the range of choice is limited. 【参考答案】:D33. The word "appraisal" most probably means "____".[A] involvement[B] appreciation[C] assessment[D] presentation【参考答案】:C34. In the last sentence of the second paragraph, the pronoun "it" refers to "____".[A] fitting our actions to those of other people appropriately[B] identification of other people's statuses[C] selecting one's own statuses[D] constant mental process 【参考答案】:A35. By saying that "an American is not free to choose the costume of a Chinese peasant or that of a Hindu prince", the writer means ____.[A] different people havedifferent styles of clothes[B] ready-made clothes mayneed alterations[C] status come ready madejust like alterations[D] our choice of status islimited【参考答案】:D听短文Directions:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter with a single line through the center. [题数:7;分数:21分;参考时间:10分34秒]Section136.[A] For protection against other animals.[B] For protection against other dogs.[C] Just for fun.[D] For the purpose of guarding the house.【参考答案】:A37.[A] Because they did not eat other animals.[B] Because they were useful for protection.[C] Because they were good hunters.[D] Because they always obeyed their masters. 【参考答案】:D38.[A] For companionship.[B] For amusement.[C] For protection against robbery.[D] For hunting.【参考答案】:A39.[A] The city can be a lonely place.[B] Line in the West can be very dangerous.[C] People in the West are fond of animals.[D] The dog is a useful and friendly animal. 【参考答案】:DSection240.[A] They turn to newspapers or magazines.[B] They write to their family members.[C] They ask friends for help.[D] They find the answers in books.【参考答案】:A41.[A] Editors.[B] Specialists.[C] Readers.[D] Friends.【参考答案】:C42.[A] Special training.[B] Experience.[C] Business sense.[D] Carefulness.【参考答案】:B。
《管理学》网上作业题及答案
《管理学》网上作业题及答案1:第一次作业2:第二次作业3:第三次作业4:第四次作业5:第五次作业6:第六次作业1:[论述题]刘局长在某局工作近20年,3年前他当了局的第一把手之后,适逢上级要求该局进行机构改革。
刘局长认为,过去的工作全靠同事们的支持,应该给他们安排、擢升,才能调动他们的积极性,同时也有利于化解局里的矛盾。
因此,他多方努力,通过增设各种内设机构和助理职位,以求尽可能多的安排人员,缓解人事安排方面的压力。
谁知事与愿违,由于机构臃肿,人浮于事,造成互相扯皮,效率低下,局里的工作也遭到挫折。
上级领导批判刘局长搞上有政策,下有计策。
刘局长辩解说,他是依据治理的例外原则,依照本单位的实际情形进行机构改革。
结合本例,回答问题:刘局长违反了哪些组织设计的差不多原则?应该如何样正确明白得权力运用过程中的例外原则?参考答案:刘局长违抗了如下组织设计的原则:有利于实现组织目标的原则;因事设职的原则;规范标准化和制度化原则。
正确明白得权力运用中例外原则的要点:规章制度是组织成员应当共同遵守的行为准则,例外处理不是为了破坏规章制度,而是为了使规章制度更加合理,用权更加有效。
因此,例外处理必须有充分的正当理由,并符合合法性原则。
2:[论述题]假如某企业要选聘一名高级主管,它应采纳内源渠道依旧外源渠道?什么缘故? 参考答案:治理人员的选聘来源有两方面:一是从组织内部培养、选拔、任用,即内部来源;二是从组织外部聘请,即外部来源。
选聘治理人员是采纳内源渠道依旧外源渠道,要视具体情形而定。
通常,一个组织高级主管的选聘采纳外源渠道。
因为内源选任有一定的缺陷,具体表现为:(1)"近亲繁育”,形成思维定势,不利于创新。
(2)易形成错综复杂的关系网,任人唯亲,拉帮结派。
(3)备选对象范畴狭隘,易受治理人员供给不足的制约。
假如采纳外源聘请,能够幸免这些不足。
因为:(1)外源聘请,应聘人来源广泛,选择空间大。
从外部聘请是面向社会的,任何符合条件的人员,包括现在供职于其他组织的治理人员都可应聘,因而可选范畴十分广泛。
计算机网络第四次作业
计算机网络第四次参考答案4.一大群ALOHA 用户每秒钟产生50个请求,包括原始请求和重传请求。
时间槽单位为40毫秒。
(a )试问:第一次发送成功的机会是多少?(b )试问:恰好K 次冲突之后 概率是多少?(c )试问:所需传输次数的期望值是多少?解:(a )取G = 2,根据泊松分布公式!]Pr[k e G k Gk -=,可得几率为2-e (b )k G k G e e 865.0135.0)1(⨯=---(c )传输次数的期望值:4.7==Ge E6.试问在下列两种情况下CSMA/CD 的竞争时间槽是多少?(a )一个2千米的双导线电缆(twin-lead cable )(信号传播速度是信号在真空中传播速度的82%)?(b )40千米长的多模光纤(信号传播速度是信号在真空中传播速度的65%)? 解:(a )信号传播速度在双导线电缆中是s m /1046.28⨯。
则信号在其中传播2km 时间是s μ13.8。
所以, 竞争时间槽是 s μ26.16(b )信号传播速度在多模光纤中是s m /1095.18⨯。
则信号在其中传播40km 时间是s μ13.205。
所以, 竞争时间槽是 s μ26.4108.在二进制倒计数协议中,试问为什么一个编号较低的站有可能得不到发送数据报的机会。
解:如果编号较高的站和一个编号较低的站同时有数据报要发送,编号较高的站总能优先得到发送的机会。
根据这样的前提,若有编号较高的站点一直持续地发送数据报,那么一个编号较低的站就得不到发送数据报的机会。
14.假设经典以太网使用曼彻斯特编码,请画出比特流0001110101的编码输出。
解:这里低-高电平跳变表示0, 高-低的电平跳变表示1。
15.一个1千米长、10Mbps 的CSMA/CD LAN(不是802.3),其传播速度为200米/微秒。
这个系统不允许使用中继器。
数据帧的长度是256位,其中包括32位的头、校验和以及其他开销。
项目决策分析与评价A第4次作业
项目决策分析与评价A第4次作业本次作业是本门课程本学期的第4次作业,注释如下:一、单项选择题(只有一个选项正确,共29道小题)1. 经济分析按()的原则,采用影子价格、影子汇率、社会折现率等国民经济评价参数,从国家整体角度考察项目的效益和费用,分析计算项目对国民经济的贡献,评价项目的经济合理性。
(A) 影子价格(B) 影子汇率(C) 合理配置资源(D) 社会折现率你选择的答案:未选择[错误]正确答案:C解答参考:2. 项目的财务盈利性至少在()方面没能将项目对于社会的影响反映出来。
(A) 国家对于项目实施的征税及财务补贴(B) 市场价格的扭曲(C) 项目的外部费用和效益(D) 上述三个方面你选择的答案:未选择[错误]正确答案:D解答参考:3. 医院提供的医疗服务属于()。
(A) 项目的直接费用(B) 项目的直接效益(C) 项目的间接费用(D) 项目的间接效益你选择的答案:未选择[错误]正确答案:B解答参考:4. 项目使用劳动力,使得劳动力熟练化,由没有特别技术的非熟练劳动力经训练而转变为熟练劳动力。
这是项目引起的()。
(A) 直接效益(B) 直接费用(C) 间接效益(D) 间接费用你选择的答案:未选择[错误]正确答案:C解答参考:5. 下列选项中外贸货物影子价格的计算公式正确的是()。
(A) 直接进口投人物中的影子价格(到厂价)=到岸价(CIF)×影子汇率十进口费(B) 直接进口投人物中的影子价格(到厂价)=到岸价(CIF)×影子汇率一进口费用(C) 直接出口产出物中的影子价格(出厂价)=离岸价(FOB)×影子汇率(D) 直接出口产出物中的影子价格(出厂价)=离岸价(FOB)×影子汇率十出口费你选择的答案:未选择[错误]正确答案:A解答参考:6. 在下列()方面,财务分析能够正确地反映其经济合理性。
(A) 企业向国家缴税(B) 项目对占用资金的恢复能力(C) 国家给与项目补贴(D) 项目的外部效果你选择的答案:未选择[错误]正确答案:B解答参考:7. 某造纸厂新建项目,其排出的污水会造成附件河流的污染,对于其排出的污水的效益和费用应采用()的原则进行估算。
电大-行政伦理学-第四次作业(附答案)
单项选择题(每小题1.5分,20小题,共30分)(总分30.00)1.中华人民共和国监察部于哪一年正式成立()。
(1.00分)A.1987年B.1990年C.1956年D.1978年2.在我国,人民代表大会行使权力监督的主要形式是()。
(1.00分)A.审计监督B.行使职能监督权C.通过报纸、刊物等媒体揭露问题D.行使工作计划审查权3.以下各组范畴属于“自律”与“他律”关系的是()。
(1.00分)A.行政行为习惯与行政人员内心信念B.上级主管部门监督和部门内部监督C.内心信念和社会舆论D.社会舆论监督与法制规范监督4.建构政府信任关系的客观求实原则要求政府在行政活动中()。
(1.00分)A.各级政府.政府各部门在权力运行中彼此配合协调B.表现出脚踏实地.真抓实干的工作作风C.代表公众利益,满足公众需要,实现公众的价值D.增加政府透明度,在可能条件下尽量多的让公众了解政府的情况5.利益一致原则是建立和维护政府信任关系的()。
(1.00分)A.策略B.本质C.基础和前提D.根源6.行政道德评价标准理想性与现实性统一表现为()。
(1.00分)A.道德标准理论完备,而实际执行不必苛求严格B.标准问题的具体性和灵活性C.兼顾道德标准要求“应然”向“实然”的转化趋势D.道德标准要反映社会经济发展实际7.政府信任关系中最基本、最主要的方面是()。
(1.00分)A.行政机构部门之间的信任状况B.政府对社会和公众的信任状况C.行政组织下级对上级的信任状况D.社会或公众对政府的信任状况8.对于社会信用体系而言,良好的政府信任关系具有()作用。
(1.00分)A.对照B.示范和推动C.领导D.完善9.行政伦理评价最重要的方式是()。
(1.00分)A.行政人员内心信念B.行政行为习惯C.行政监察D.社会舆论10.行政伦理监督的最终目的就是()。
(1.00分)A.监督与惩罚并重B.打击违规,预防犯罪C.惩前毖后,治病救人D.保证行政管理目标准确、及时地实现11.政府信任关系是指()对政府及其行政人员管理活动的合理期待。
商法第四次作业及答案
商法-第4次任务_0040一、判断题(共30 道试题,共15 分。
)1.票据抗辩指票据债务人根据法律规定对票据债权人拒绝履行义务的行为。
A. 错误B. 正确2. 汇票在出票时有三个当事人:出票人,收款人,付款人。
A. 错误B. 正确3. 本票的基本当事人有出票人与收款人。
A. 错误B. 正确满分:0.5 分4. 背书指在票据背面或粘单上记载有关事项并签章的票据行为。
A. 错误B. 正确满分:0.5 分5. 追索权是指汇票到期不获付款或期前不获承兑、或者有其他法定原因出现时,持票人在履行了保全手续后,向其前手请求偿还汇票金额、利息及费用的一种票据上的权利。
A. 错误B. 正确满分:0.5 分6. 承兑是汇票付款人明确表示于到期日支付汇票金额的一种票据行为,表示愿意承担票据义务的行为。
A. 错误B. 正确满分:0.5 分7. 支票禁止记载事项包括无益记载事项和有害记载事项。
A. 错误B. 正确8. 支票就是出票人委托银行或其他法定金融机构于见票时无条件支付一定金额给收款人的票据。
A. 错误B. 正确9. 汇票就是出票人委托他人于到期日无条件支付一定金额给收款人的票据。
A. 错误B. 正确10. 票据法禁止记载的事项,一般是指附条件的委托支付文句的记载,若有此记载便会使票据归于无效。
A. 错误B. 正确11. 票据权利是指持票人为取得票据金额,依法所附予的可以对票据债务人行使的权利。
A. 错误B. 正确满分:0.5 分12. 支票在出票时有三个当事人:出票人,收款人,付款人。
A. 错误B. 正确13. 空白票据是出票人在签发票据时,有意将票据上应记载的事项不记完全,留持票人以后补充的票据。
又称未完成票据。
A. 错误B. 正确14. 无民事行为能力人在票据上签章的,其签章无效,而且因此影响其他签章的效力。
A. 错误B. 正确满分:0.5 分15. 票据法上的非票据关系是由票据法直接规定的、与票据行为相联系但又不是由票据行为本身所发生的权利义务关系。
国家开放大学 城市轨道交通行车组织 第四次作业参考答案
1.人为操作失误(包括故障处理失当)、故意行为等会影响列车运行组织情况,过往事故的统计数据表明,()以上事故的发生都是由人为因素造成的。
单选题(2 分) 2分A.70%B.50%C.30%D.20%正确答案: A答案解释:2.如果列车因故障在区间或车站无法开动,则须采取()措施,将故障列车牵引或推进就近的存车线。
单选题(2 分) 2分A.区间封锁B.区间清客C.停止运营D.列车救援正确答案: D答案解释:3.在任何情况下,救援列车司机及故障列车司机均必须(),若遇突发事件,则应立即停车了解实况,直至完成救援作业。
单选题(2 分) 2分A.经常联络B.保持联络C.D.中断联络正确答案: B答案解释:4.当()发生故障时,列车自动运行功能无法实现,此时列车改为列车自动防护子系统监督下的人工驾驶模式,在列车自动防护子系统车载设备的监护下,按车内信号显示速度运行。
单选题(2 分) 2分A.列车自动驾驶子系统B.限速下的人工驾驶模式C.非限制人工驾驶模式D.列车自动监控子系统正确答案: A答案解释:5.轨道交通一个或多个车站在一定时间内出现较多客流并有持续发展的趋势,造成车站能力或列车运输能力明显不足,统称为()。
单选题(2 分) 2分A.客流高峰B.大客流C.高客流D.流量高峰正确答案: B答案解释:6.()是指轨道设施状态不良,主要包括钢轨损伤和轨道设备不良两类。
单选题(2 分) 2分A.B.轨道故障C.通信系统故障D.屏蔽门故障正确答案: B答案解释:7.列车在(),应尽量继续运行到下一个车站,让乘客尽快下车。
单选题(2 分) 2分A.站台发生火灾B.区间发生火灾C.车辆段发生火灾D.发车站发生火灾正确答案: B答案解释:8.恶劣天气主要对地面车站、地面线路造成较大的影响。
因此,在恶劣天气期间应对()做出重点安排,保证行车安全。
单选题(2 分) 2分A.线路B.行车C.运营D.地面车站和线路答案解释:9.施工计划审批发布后,各施工单位凭()办理施工请销点。
江苏开放大学 管理学基础 第四次形成作业
、江苏开放大学管理学基础第四次形成性考核作业及答案学号: 2020050800139 姓名:王志伟课程名称:管理学基础大作业完成时间: 2021.1.第 4 次任务共 4 次任务一、单选题1.由于泰罗在科学管理理论方面所做出的开创性成就,他被人们称为“科学管理之父”A.是B.否正确答案:A2.管理,就是通过目标、组织、领导和控制,协调以人为中心的组织资源与职能活动,以有效实现目标的社会活动。
A.是B.否正确答案:B3.管理者的基本素质包括政治与文化素质、基本业务素质和身心素质。
A.是B.否正确答案:A4.计划是任何一个组织成功的核心,它存在于组织各个层次的管理活动中。
管理者的首要职责就是做计划。
A.是B.否正确答案:A5.一般情况下,如果一个人每天都能全力以赴地完成8件最重要的大事,那么,他一定是一位高效率人士。
A.是B.否正确答案:B6.在现代企业管理中,组织设计注重采用扁平结构是一种趋势。
A.是B.否正确答案:A7.目标分解,就是将总体目标从下到上层层展开,在纵向、横向和时序上分解到各级、各部门以至个人,形成自下而上层层保证的目标体系的过程。
A.是B.否正确答案:B8.一般认为,组织文化分为三个层次,即潜层次的精神层、表层的制度文化层和显现层的组织文化载体。
A.是B.否正确答案:A9.双因素理论是美国的社会心理学家亚伯拉罕·马斯洛提出。
A.是B.否正确答案:B10.沟通主体是指在一个沟通过程中信息的主动发送者。
A.是B.否正确答案:A二、简单题11.什么是计划?答:在管理学中;计划具有两重含义;其一是计划工作;是指根据对组织外部环境与内邮条件的分析;提出在未来一定时期内要达到的组织目标以及实现目标的方察途径。
其二是计划形式;是指用文字和指标等形式所表述的组织以及组织内不同部门和不同成员;在未来一定时期内关于行动方向、内容和方式安排的管理事件。
12.什么是激励?答:利用某种外部因素影响人们的内在需求和动机;调动人的积极性与创造性;从而加强、引导和维持行为趋向于固定目标的活动或过程。
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第4次作业及答案一、单项选择题(每个题只有一个答案是正确的。
)1.如果希望从学生表中查询出所有姓“李”的同学,那么条件语句应该是(B)。
A、Where 姓名% ‘李’B、Where 姓名LIKE ‘李%’C、Where 姓名% ‘LIKE李’D、Where 姓名LIKE ‘李’2.在一个教师关系中,能够成为主关键字(或称主码)的属性是(B)。
A、教师姓名B、教师编号C、教师年龄D、教师性别3.从最终用户应用程序的视角看,数据库系统的三级模式结构是(C)。
A、模式、外模式和内模式B、内模式、外模式和模式C、外模式、模式和内模式D、外模式、内模式和模式4.在一个学生关系中,能够成为主关键字(或称主码)的属性是(C)。
A、性别B、年龄C、学号D、班级5.有严格的数学基础的数据模型是(A)。
A、关系模型B、网状模型C、层次模型D、面向对象模型6.下列关于索引的说明不正确的是(A)。
A、索引必须创建在主关键字之上B、索引与基本表分开存储C、索引是为了提高查询速度而创建的D、索引会在一定程度上影响增删改操作的效率7.设关系R是满足第一范式的,若R中不存在非主属性对主键的部分函数依赖,则R 符合(A)。
A、第二范式B、第三范式C、BNC范式D、第四范式8.下列符合第三范式的关系是(D)。
A、学生(学号,姓名,课程号,课程名)B、学生(学号,姓名,课程名,成绩)C、学生(学号,姓名,课程号,成绩)D、学生(学号,姓名,性别)9.在第一个关系中出现,而在第二个关系中不出现的记录组成的新关系称为(D)。
A、两个关系的积B、两个关系的并C、两个关系的交D、两个关系的差10.数据库应用程序开发中,需求分析阶段的主要目的是(A)。
A、回答“干什么”的问题B、回答“怎么干”的问题C、建立逻辑数据模型D、建立最佳物理存储结构11.用户使用SQL Server时,通常需要依次经过两个安全性阶段(C)。
A、登录验证、操作验证B、操作验证、登录验证C、身份验证、权限认证D、权限认证、身份验证12.SQL Server数据库中的一个完整的备份通常要包括(A)。
A、系统数据库、用户数据库和事务日志B、系统数据库、系统表和数据字典C、系统数据库、用户数据库和数据字典D、用户数据库和事务日志13.下列哪些不属于索引的类型(D)。
A、单列索引B、惟一索引C、聚集索引D、事务日志索引14.下列SQL语句中,能够完成并运算的是(A)。
A、SELECT * FROM 篮球爱好者UNIONSELECT * FROM 足球爱好者B、SELECT * FROM 篮球爱好者INTERSECTSELECT * FROM 足球爱好者C、SELECT * FROM 篮球爱好者EXCEPTSELECT * FROM 足球爱好者D、SELECT * FROM 篮球爱好者,足球爱好者15.设学生表和课程表的结构分别为(学号,姓名)和(学号,课程号,成绩),如果希望查询出“成绩大于90分的学生姓名”,则对应的SQL语句是(D)。
A、SELECT 姓名FROM 学生表WHERE 学生表.学号=课程表.学号AND 课程表.成绩>90B、SELECT 姓名FROM 课程表WHERE学生表.学号=课程表.学号AND 课程表.成绩>90C、SELECT 姓名FROM 学生表,课程表WHERE 学生表.学号=课程表.学号OR 课程表.成绩>90D、SELECT 姓名FROM 学生表,课程表WHERE 学生表.学号=课程表.学号AND 课程表.成绩>90二、填空题1.数据库系统的三级模式结构是指数据库系统由外模式、模式和内模式三级抽象模式构成。
2.备份是指将数据从硬盘复制到可移动媒体上的过程。
3.“实体一联系”方法是描述数据库概念模型的主要方法,一般称这种方法为E-R方法(或E-R图方法)。
4.用户使用SQL Server数据库时,一般需要经过两个安全性阶段:身份验证和权限认证。
5.E-R图设计一般在数据库设计的概念设计阶段使用。
三、判断题(正确的在括号内打上“√”,错误的打上“╳”。
)1.能够惟一表示数据表中的每条记录的字段或者字段的组合称为主码或主键(√)。
2.SQL Server数据库中的NULL值(空值)表示的是“空格”或“0”值(╳)3.一个不规范的关系模式通常会引发插入异常、删除异常和更新异常,导致大量的数据冗余。
(√)4.根据索引的特点,应该对那些数据量大、查询频度较高、实时性要求强的基本表创建索引,(√)5.数据库设计是指对于一个给定的应用环境,构造最优的数据库模式,建立数据库及其应用系统,有效存储数据,满足用户信息要求和处理要求。
(√)6.参照完整性规则通常是指在两个参照和被参照关系中,参照关系中每条记录的外键或者为空,或者等于被参照关系中某条记录的主键。
(√)四、简述题1.请简要说明视图的概念和作用参考答案:视图是在基本表或其他视图上建立的表,它的结构和内容都来自某个基本表,是依据基本表存在而存在的。
删除一个视图时,不会对基本表产生任何影响,但当删除一张基本表时,与之相关联的视图就会自动被删除。
其作用主要是:(1)视图是经过预编译的SELECT语句,存储在数据库服务器端,因此执行视图比从客户端直接执行SELECT语句速度更快、效率更高一些。
(2)视图属于用户模式范畴,在实际中,一般的用户不一定具有SELECT语句方面的专门知识,从用户友好性角度来说,视图更便于用户使用。
(3)利用视图可以简化的形式表达复杂的SELECT语句组,如嵌套查询等。
2.什么是函数依赖与函数决定,请举例说明参考答案:设一个关系为R,X和Y是它的两个属性集。
若对于X上的每个值都有Y上的一个惟一值与之对应,则称X和Y具有函数依赖关系,并称X函数决定Y,或称Y函数依赖于X,称X为决定因素。
假设一个职工关系为(职工号,姓名,性别,年龄,职务),职工号用来标识每个职工,选作该关系的主键。
我们可以从以下两方面理解函数依赖的概念:首先,对于该关系中每个职工的职工号,都对应着姓名属性中的惟一值,即该职工的姓名,或者说一个职工的姓名由其职工号惟一确定,所以称职工号函数决定姓名,或称姓名函数依赖于职工号。
其次,除职工号外,其他属性都不能成为决定因素形成函数依赖,因为对于它们的每个属性值,都可能对应另一属性的多个不同的取值,比如对于性别属性的一个取值“男”就会对应多个而不是一个职工号。
3.请简要说明存储过程的概念和优点。
参考答案:存储过程(Stored Procedure)是一组预先编译好的,以一种可执行的形式永久地存储在数据中的SQL代码。
使用存储过程的好处可归纳为以下几点:(a)执行速度快。
在经过第一次调用以后,就驻留在内存中,不必再经过编译和优化;(b)模块化的程序设计。
经过了一次创建以后,可以被调用无数次;(c)减少网络流量;(d)保证系统的安全性。
五、综合应用题1.设有有以下基本表:(1)供应商表(供应商编号,供应商名称,供应商所在城市);(2)零件表(零件编号,零件名称,零件颜色,零件重量);(3)工程项目表(工程编号,工程名称,工程所在城市);(4)工程供货表(工程编号,供应商编号,零件编号,零件数量)。
用SQL语言写出下列查询语句,(1)查询所有工程的全部细节:SELECT * FROM 工程项目表(2)查询所在城市为上海的所有工程的全部细节SELECT * FROM 工程项目表WHERE 工程所在城市=’上海’(3)查询重量最轻的零件代号SELECT 零件编号FROM 零件表WHERE 零件重量=(SELECT MIN(零件重量) FROM 零件表)(4)查询为工程编号为“JG2008001”的工程提供零件的供应商编号SELECT 供应商编号FROM 工程供货表WHERE 工程编号=’JG2008001’(5)查询为工程编号为“JG2008001”的工程提供零件编号为“P1”的供应商编号SELECT 供应商编号FROM 工程供货表WHERE 工程编号=’JG2008001’ AND 零件编号=’P1’(6)查询由供应商编号为S1的供应商提供零件的工程名称SELECT 工程项目表.工程名称FROM 工程项目表,工程供货表WHERE 工程项目表.工程编号=工程供货表.工程编号AND 工程供货表.供应商编号=’S1’(7)查询供应商S1提供的零件的颜色SELECT DISTINCT零件表.零件颜色FROM零件表,工程供货表WHERE 零件表.零件编号=工程供货表.零件编号AND 工程供货表.供应商编号=’S1’(8)查询为所在城市为上海的工程提供零件的供应商编号SELECT DISTINCT 工程供货表.供应商编号FROM 工程项目表,工程供货表WHERE 工程供货表.工程编号=工程项目表.工程编号AND 工程项目表.工程所在城市=’上海’2.用SQL语句创建简单数据表设有两个关系(1)教师关系T,包括教师编号TNo,姓名TN,系别TD,职称RANK;(2)课程关系C,包括课程号CNo,课程名CN。
教师编号和课程号分别是上述两个关系的主键,请用SQL语句创建教师数据表T。
参考答案:CREATE TABLE T{TNo INT PRIMARY KEY,TN CHAR(30),TD CHAR(20),RANK CHAR(20)};3.用SQL语句创建数据表在上题基础上,假设还存在教师教授课程关系TC,包括教师编号TNo和课程号CNo。
注意:说明主键码和外键码约束参考答案:CREATE TABLE TC{TNo INT,CNo INT,PRIMARY KEY (Tno,Cno),FOREIGN KEY (TNo) REFERENCES T(TNo),FOREIGN KEY (CNo) REFERENCES C(CNo)};4.利用SQL语句进行查询在上题的基础上,如果要查询“张红老师承担的所有课程”,请写出对应的SQL查询语句。
参考答案:SELECT o, FROM T,C,TCWHERE T.TNo=TC.TNo AND =o AND T.TN=’张红’5.程序应用题设学生成绩表的结构为(学号、课程号、成绩),程序运行界面如图1所示。
进入界面后,用户首先选择学号(Combo1)、课程号(Combo2),姓名(Text1)和课程名(Text2)从数据库中自动读入;然后,用户输入对应的成绩(Text3),点击“确认”按钮后,将结果插入到学生成绩表中。
请补充完成下列程序代码。
图1“增加记录”窗体运行界面Private Sub Command1_Click()‘声明一个记录集对象Dim ADOrs As New Recordset‘将记录集对象与已建立的数据库联接对象ADOcn绑定ADOrs.ActiveConnection=ADOcn‘第一步:在学生成绩表中查询是否存在关键字相同的记录(1)拼写查询字符串strSQL =“”(2)执行查询语句strSQL‘第二步:如果关键字重复,则退出程序If Not ThenMsgBox “记录已存在,不能继续增加”Exit SubEnd If‘第三步:将结果插入到学生成绩表中StrSQL=”Insert Into 学生成绩表(学号,课程号,成绩)Values(‘ ”+Combo1.Text+” ‘,’ “+Combo2.Text+” ‘, “+Str(Val(Text3.Text))+”)”StrSQLEnd Sub参考答案及评分要点:‘第一步:在学生成绩表中查询是否存在关键字相同的记录strSQL=”Select * From 学生成绩表Where 学号=’ ”+combo1.Text+” ‘ And 课程号=’ “+Combo2.Text+” ‘ “ADOrs.Open StrSQL‘第二步:如果关键字重复,则退出程序If Not ADOrs.EOF ThenMsgBox “记录已存在,不能继续增加”Exit SubEnd If‘第三步:将结果插入到学生成绩表中StrSQL=”Insert Into 学生成绩表(学号,课程号,成绩)Values(‘ ”+Combo1.Text+” ‘,’“+Combo2.Text+” ‘, “+Str(Val(Text3.Text))+”)”ADOcn.Execute StrSQLEnd Sub鱼知水恩,乃幸福之源也。