2017-新编考研英语阅读理解150篇 Unit Four 答案解析
2017年考研英语阅读理解模拟题(四)及答案:法学类
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2017年考研英语阅读理解模拟题(四)及答案:法学类 The Norwegian Government is doing its best to keep the oil industry under control. A new law limits exploration to an area south of the southern end of the long coastline; production limits have been laid down (though these have already been raised); and oil companies have not been allowed to employ more than a limited number of foreign workers. But the oil industry has a way of getting over such problems , and few people believe that the Government will be able to hold things back for long. As on Norwegian politician said last week : “We will soon be changed beyond all recognition.”Ever since the war , the Government has been carrying out a programme of development in the area north of the Arctic Circle. During the past few years this programme has had a great deal of success : Tromso has been built up into a local capital with a university , a large hospital and a healthy industry. But the oil industry has already started to draw people south , and within a few years the whole northern policy could be in ruins.The effects of the oil industry would not be limited to the north , however. With nearly 100 percent employment , everyone can see a situation developing in which the service industries and the tourist industry will lose more of their workers to the oil industry. Some smaller industries might even disappear altogether when it becomes cheaper to buy goods from abroad.The real argument over oil is its threat to the Norwegian way of life. Farmers and fishermen do not make up most of the population , but they are an important part of it , because Norwegians see in them many of the qualities that they regard with pride as essentially Norwegian. And it is the farmers and the fishermen who are most critical of the oil industry because of the damage that it might cause to the countryside and to the sea.1.The Norwegian Government would prefer the oil industry to[A] provide more jobs for foreign workers.[B] slow down the rate of its development.[C] sell the oil it is producing abroad.[D] develop more quickly than at present.2.The Norwegian Government has tried to[A] encourage the oil companies to discover new oil sources.[B] prevent oil companies employing people from northern Norway.[C] help the oil companies solve many of their problems.[D] keep the oil industry to something near its present size.3.According to the passage , the oil industry might lead northern Norway to[A] the development of industry.[B] a growth in population.[C] the failure of the development programme.[D] the development of new towns.4.In the south , one effect to the development of the oil industry might be[A] a large reduction on unemployment.[B] a growth in the tourist industry.[C] a reduction in the number of existing industries.[D] the development of a number of service industries.5.Norwegian farmers and fishermen have an important influence because[A] they form such a large part of Norwegian ideal.[B] their lives and values represent the Norwegian ideal.[C] their work is so useful to the rest of Norwegian society.[D] they regard oil as a threat to the Norwegian way of life.Vocabulary1.Norwegian 挪威的;挪威人2.coastline 海岸线3.recognition 承认;认识;赞赏4.countryside 乡下;乡民难句译注1.A new law limits exploration to an area south of the southern end of the long coastline; production limits have been laid down (though these have already been raised); and oil companies have not been allowed to employ more than a limited number of foreign workers.【结构简析】用两个分号连接三句句子。
考研英语阅读理解部分试题解析
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Could the bad old days of economic decline beabout to return? Since OPEC agreed tosupply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel,up from less than $10 last December. This near-tripling of oil prices calls upscary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979-80, whenthey also almost tripled. Both previous shocks resulted in double-digitinflation and global economic decline. So where are theheadlines warning of gloom and doom this time? The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraqsuspended oil exports. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time aswinter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in theshort term. Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences nowto be less severe than in the 1970s. In most countries the cost of crude oilnow accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the1970s. In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so evenquite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump pricesthan in the past. Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and soless sensitive to swings in the oil price. Energy conservation, a shift toother fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensiveindustries have reduced oil consumption. Software,consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or carproduction. For each dollar of GDP (in constant prices) rich economies now usenearly 50% less oil than in 1973. The OECD estimates in its latest EconomicOutlook that, it oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, comparedwith $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies byonly 0.25-0.5% of GDP. That is less than one-quarter of the income loss in 1974or 1980. On the other hand, oil-importing emerging economies—to which heavy industry has shifted—have become more energy-intensive,and so could be more seriously squeezed. One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices isthat, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the backgroundof general commodity-price inflation and global excess demand. A sizableportion of the world is only just emerging from economic decline. TheEconomist's commodity price index is broadly unchanging from a year ago. In1973 commodity prices jumped by 70%, and in 1979 byalmost 30%. 51. The main reason for the latest rise of oil price is [A] global inflation. [B] reduction in supply. [C] fast growth in economy. [D] Iraq's suspension of exports. 52. It can be inferred from the text that the retail price of petrolwill go up dramatically if [A] price of crude rises. [B] commodity prices rise. [C] consumption rises. [D] oil taxes rise. 53. The estimates in Economic Outlook show that in rich countries. [A] heavy industry becomes more energy-intensive. [B] income loss mainly results from fluctuating crude oil prices. [C] manufacturing industry has been seriously squeezed. [D] oil price changes have no significant impact on GDP. 54. We can draw a conclusion from the text that. [A] oil-price shocks are less shocking now. [B] inflation seems irrelevant to oil-price shocks. [C] energy conservation can keep down the oil prices. [D] the price rise of crude leads to the shrinking of heavy industry. 55. From the text we can see that the writer seems [A] optimistic. [B] sensitive. [C] gloomy. [D] scared. ⼀、⽂章结构分析 ⽂章⼤意:最近这次⽯油价格的⼤幅上涨的影响不会像以前那样严重。
2017年考研英语二阅读理解text4
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正文:2017年考研英语二阅读理解text41. 背景介绍2017年考研英语二阅读理解text4是国内外高校研究生考试的一部分内容,是考生们在备考过程中需要重点关注的一部分。
此次阅读理解主要涉及的内容为关于心理学领域的文本,考查考生对心理学相关知识的理解和应用能力。
2. 文本内容这篇文本主要讲述了心理学和神经科学的关系,以及它们在研究认知功能方面的应用。
其中详细介绍了神经科学在揭示认知功能的机制上所取得的一些重要进展,以及心理学如何从这些进展中受益。
文中还对认知心理学的研究方法和技术进行了探讨,以及对心理学和神经科学未来发展的展望。
3. 文本特点这篇文章在语言表达方面要求较高,涉及的专业词汇和句式较多,对考生的英语阅读能力有一定的挑战。
文章的逻辑结构较为复杂,需要考生具备较强的逻辑推理和信息归纳能力。
对考生的阅读能力和专业知识要求较高。
4. 应试建议为了更好地备战2017年考研英语二阅读理解text4,考生们可以采取以下策略:- 增加英语阅读量,提高阅读速度和理解能力。
可以多读一些相关领域的英文文献或资料,以提高对文本的理解和分析能力。
- 注重积累专业词汇,提高对专业术语的识别和运用能力。
可以通过单词书、词汇卡片等方式进行词汇的扩充和记忆。
- 注重逻辑推理能力的培养,提高信息归纳和总结能力。
可以多做一些逻辑推理和信息分析的训练题,提高解决问题的能力。
5. 总结2017年考研英语二阅读理解text4是一篇专业性较强的心理学文本,考查考生的英语阅读能力、专业知识和逻辑思维能力。
考生们在备战考试时需要充分认识到文本的特点,并采取有效的备考策略进行练习和提高。
希望考生们能够在考试中取得优异的成绩,实现自己的考研梦想。
由于上面提到的2017年考研英语二阅读理解text4的专业性和难度较大,接下来我们将继续扩写这篇文章,重点在于分析文本的具体内容、解读核心观点和继续提供备考建议。
6. 文本分析在2017年考研英语二阅读理解text4中,特别强调了神经科学和心理学的关系,以及它们在研究认知功能方面的应用。
2017考研英语二阅读真题及答案【4】
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2017考研英语二阅读真题及答案【4】Text 3Today,widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year。
After all, if everyone you know is going to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year,doesn’t it? And after going to school for 12 years, it doesn’t feel natural to spend a year doing something that isn’t academic。
But while this may be true,it’s not a good enough reason to condemn gap years。
There’s always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated “race to the finish line,” whether that be toward graduate school, medical school or lucrative career。
But despite common misconceptions,a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuits—in fact, it probably enhances it。
2017考研英语阅读理解真题及答案
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2017考研英语阅读理解真题及答案2017考研英语阅读理解真题及答案下面是为大家整理的考研英语阅读理解真题,希望对大家有所帮助。
Text 1A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys. People art actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured people's cortisol , which is it at stress marker,while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.“Further contradicting conventional wisdom,we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home,” writes one of the researchers. Sarah Damaske,In fact women say they feel better a t wor k. She notes. “it is men not women. Who report being happier at home than at work,” Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with children without,but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.What the study doesn't measure is whether people are still doing work when they' re at home,whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men,the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women,it' s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.But it's not just a gender thing. At work, people pretty muchknow what they're supposed to be doing:working,making money,doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure:Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.On the home front, however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done,there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it, or if they' re teenagers,threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they' re your family. You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home.So it's not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.21.According to Paragraph 1,most previous surveys found that home ______.[A]was an unrealistic place for relaxation[B]generated more stress than the workplace[C]was an ideal place for stress measurement[D]offered greater relaxation than the workplace22.According to Damaske, who are likely to be the happiest at home?[A]Working mothers[B]Childless husbands[C] Childless wives[D]Working fathers23 The blurring of working women's roles refers to the factthat ______.[A]they are both bread winners and housewives[B]their home is also a place for kicking back[C]there is often much housework left behind[D]it is difficult for them to leave their office24.The word“moola”(Line 4,Para 4)most probably means ______.[A]energy[B]skills[C]earnings[D]nutrition25.The home front differs from the workplace in that ______.[A]home is hardly a cozier working environment[B]division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut[C]household tasks are generally more motivating[D]family labor is often adequately rewarded【参考答案】21. D 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. B【主要内容】本文主要讲述工作环境压力问题。
【2017考研】考研英语阅读理解150篇(详解版)
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目录Unit One---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 PartA--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1Text1儿童教育和沟通结合-----------------------------------------------------------------1Text2克隆人和动物--------------------------------------------------------------------------6Text3太阳系内速度限制--------------------------------------------------------------------11Text4互联网和电脑等新型通讯技术的应用--------------------------------------------15 Part B盗窃--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------20Part C撒谎--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------25翻译技巧补充:英译汉概述(一)------------------------------------------------------29Unit Two----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------32 Part A---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------32Text1加拿大社会的劣质服务---------------------------------------------------------------32 Text2未来汽车---------------------------------------------------------------------------------36Text3广告业是美国经济的晴雨表---------------------------------------------------------41 Text4英国学业间断期------------------------------------------------------------------------46Part B生命进化历史---------------------------------------------------------------------------51Part C情感商机---------------------------------------------------------------------------------56翻译技巧补充:英译汉概述(二)------------------------------------------------------60Unit Three--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------63 Part A---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------63Text1美、加之间贸易摩擦------------------------------------------------------------------63 Text2现代人对维多利亚时代英国人的看法---------------------------------------------68 Text3探讨时尚---------------------------------------------------------------------------------72Text4基因检测法用于侦破案件------------------------------------------------------------76 Part B立法机构在制定法律过程中的作用------------------------------------------------81 Part C美国黑人文学---------------------------------------------------------------------------86翻译技巧补充:词义的选择----------------------------------------------------------------89Unit Four------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------91 Part A-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------91Text1五大湖环境状况--------------------------------------------------------------------------91 Text2欧洲铁路-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------95 Text3教师资格认证体系-----------------------------------------------------------------------99 Text4美国食品药品管理局面临的困难-----------------------------------------------------105 Part B网上商务-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------110 Part C物种灭绝-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------116翻译技巧补充:词义的抽象与具体---------------------------------------------------------119 Unit Five--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------121 Part A-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------121 Text1鸡蛋中培养流感疫苗-----------------------------------------------------------------------121 Text2国际数学评估反映美国教育问题--------------------------------------------------------126 Text3美国经济不景气----------------------------------------------------------------------------131 Text4全国防止虐待儿童协会-------------------------------------------------------------------137 Part B经济学角度解决垃圾收集问题----------------------------------------------------------142 Part C个人发明和大企业组织的研究----------------------------------------------------------147翻译技巧补充:词性的转换---------------------------------------------------------------------151 Unit Six----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------153Part A--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------153Text1童工、教育和贫困--------------------------------------------------------------------------153 Text2加州能源管制--------------------------------------------------------------------------------158 Text3美国社会保障的私有化--------------------------------------------------------------------163 Text4现代美容手术的普及-----------------------------------------------------------------------167 Part B演讲--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------172 Part C幻听--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------177翻译技巧补充:词汇的增译和减译------------------------------------------------------------180 Unit Seven-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------183 Part A----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------183 Text1全球经济滞胀----------------------------------------------------------------------------------183 Text2印度妇女受到性别歧视----------------------------------------------------------------------189 Text3梦成现实----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------193 Text4新的教育体制观念----------------------------------------------------------------------------198 Part B优秀的领导者----------------------------------------------------------------------------------202 Part C英国人是政治动物----------------------------------------------------------------------------208翻译技巧补充:重复译----------------------------------------------------------------------------211 Unit Eight----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------213 Part A----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------213 Text1外表的美与内在的美--------------------------------------------------------------------------213 Text2生态环境与恐怖主义--------------------------------------------------------------------------218 Text3网络信息安全性--------------------------------------------------------------------------------223 Text4北美印第安音乐--------------------------------------------------------------------------------228 Part BB为青春期的变化做准备---------------------------------------------------------------------232 Part C地球日--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------237翻译技巧补充:正义反译和反义正译-----------------------------------------------------------240 Unit Nine------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------242 Part A-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------242 Text1美国解除飞机上使用手机的禁令-----------------------------------------------------------242 Text2环境预防原则-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------247 Text3索尼公司的管理--------------------------------------------------------------------------------253 Text4音乐与政治--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------258 Part B人类艺术与动物类似行为的区别----------------------------------------------------------263 Part C社会保障----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------270翻译技巧补充:分译与合译-----------------------------------------------------------------------273 Unit Ten-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------276 Part A----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------276 Text1戏剧包含的要素-------------------------------------------------------------------------------276 Text2节省更多时间来工作的观念----------------------------------------------------------------280 Text3巴西足球运动事业现状----------------------------------------------------------------------286 Text4游戏领域女性工作人员很少----------------------------------------------------------------292 Part B面试----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------297 Part C甘地的和平主义-------------------------------------------------------------------------------303翻译技巧补充:倒置法-----------------------------------------------------------------------------306 Unit Eleven--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------308 Part A---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------308 Text1企业绿色外衣现象---------------------------------------------------------------------------308Text2音乐物质文化---------------------------------------------------------------------------------313Text3肥胖问题---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------317Text4美国在联合国欠费问题---------------------------------------------------------------------323Part B个人着装--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------327Part C年轻的作家模仿莎士比亚----------------------------------------------------------------333翻译技巧补充:插入法---------------------------------------------------------------------------336Unit Twelve-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------338Part A---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------338Text1新闻如何吸引读者--------------------------------------------------------------------------338Text2星际网络--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------343Text3荷兰艺术家及其作品-----------------------------------------------------------------------347Text4艾滋病最新治疗思路-----------------------------------------------------------------------352Part B成为成功的老板-----------------------------------------------------------------------------357Part C经济学史--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------363翻译技巧补充:重组法----------------------------------------------------------------------------365全书答案汇总------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3682007年6月26日张剑曾鸣编著《英语阅读理解150篇》Unit OnePart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(40points)Text1Not long after the telephone was invented,I assume,a call was placed.The caller was a parent saying,“your child is bullying my child,and I want it stopped!”The bully's parent replied,“you must have the wrong number.My child is a little angel.”A trillion phone calls later,the conversation is the same.When children are teased or tyrannized,the parental impulse is to grab the phone and rant.But these days,as studies in the U.S.show bullying on the rise and parental supervision on the decline,researchers who study bullying say that calling moms and dads is more futile than ever.Such calls often lead to playground recriminations and don't really teach our kids any lessons about how to navigate the world and resolve conflicts.When you call parents,you want them to“extract the cruelty”from their bullying children,says Laura Kavesh,a child psychologist in Evanston,Illinois.“But many parents are blown away by the idea of their child being cruel.They won t believe it.”In a recent police department survey in Oak Harbor,Washington,89%of local high school students said they had engaged in bullying behavior.Yet only18%of parents thought their children would act as bullies.In a new U.S.PTA survey,5%of parents support contacting other parents to deal with bullying.But many educators warn that those conversations can be misinterpreted,causing tempers to flare.Instead,they say,parents should get objective outsiders,like principals,to mediate.Meanwhile,if you get a call from a parent who is angry about your child's bullying,listen without getting defensive.That's what Laura McHugh of Castro Valley,California,did when a caller told her that her then13-year-old son had spit in another boy's food.Her son had confessed,but the victim's mom“wanted to make sure my son hadn't given her son a nasty disease,”says McHugh,who apologized and promised to get her son tested for AIDS and other diseases.She knew the chance of contracting any disease this way was remote,but her promise calmed the mother and showed McHugh's son that his bad behaviour was being taken seriously.McHugh,founder of Parents Coach Kids,a group that teaches parenting skills, sent the mom the test results.All were negative.Remember:once you make a call,you might not like what you hear.If you have an itchy dialing finger,resist temptation.Put it in your pocket.[419words]1.The word“bullying”probably means______.[A]frightening and hurting[B]teasing[C]behaving like a tyrant[D]laughing at2.Calling to a bully's parent.______.[A]has long existed but changed its content[B]is often done with careful thinking[C]often leads to blaming and misunderstanding[D]is used to warn the child not to do it again3.According to the surveys in the U.S.,_______.[A]bullying among adults is also rising[B]parents are not supervising their children well[C]parents seldom believe bullies[D]most parents resort to calling to deal with bullying4.When bullying occurs,parents should_______.[A]help the bulling child get rid of cruelty[B]resort to the mediator[C]avoid getting too protective[D]resist the temptation of callingura McHugh promised to get the bullied boy tested for diseases because________.[A]her son confessed to being wrong[B]she was afraid to annoy the boy's parent[C]he was likely to be affected by these diseases[D]she wanted to teach her own son a lesson核心词汇blow away*①to completely surprise sb.,to affect intensely;overwhelm使大为惊讶;强烈影响,征服例:That concert blew me away.音乐会震撼了我。
考研英语历年英语阅读真题及答案
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考研英语历年英语阅读真题及答案引导语:为了帮助大家更好地准备考研,以下是店铺为大家整理的2017考研英语一阅读真题及答案,欢迎阅读!Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1First two hours , now three hours—this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight , at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804,which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea ,provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans’ economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons---both fake and real—past airport security nearly every time they tried .Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving Chicago’s O’Hare International .It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become—but the lines areobvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel , so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock. Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck’s fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.21. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to______.[A] stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide[B] explain American’s tolerance of current security checks[C] highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S. Airports[D] emphasize the importance of privacy protection【答案】B【解析】答案为B。
考研英语阅读理解精选试题及答案解析
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考研英语阅读理解精选试题及答案解析Unit1Part ADirections: Read the following four texts。
Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)T ext 1It’s plain common sense? D the more happiness you feel, the less unhappiness you experience。
It’s plain common sense, but it’s not true. Recent research reveals that happiness and unhappiness are not really two sides of the same emotion. They are two distinct feelings that,coexisting, rise and fall independently.People might think that the higher a person’s level of unhappiness,the lower their level of happiness and vice versa. But when researchers measure people’s average levels of happiness and unhappiness,they often find little relationship between the two.The recognition that feelings of happiness and unhappiness can co—exist much like love and hate in a close relationship may offer valuable clues on how to lead a happier life. It suggests, for example,that changing or avoiding things that make you miserable may well make you less miserable,but probably won’t make you any happier。
2017年英语一text4解析
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2017年英语一text4解析Text 4In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari Automobile from a company seeking access to government.在一个少见的全体一致的裁决中,美国最高法院推翻了前项对前弗吉尼亚州长罗伯特麦克唐纳的贪腐判决,但是最高法院对他的行为也掩鼻不屑,麦克唐纳接受从一家公司馈赠的包括劳力士手表、法拉利汽车等,已获得和政府接触的机会。
The high court’s decision saidthe judge in Mr. McDonnell’s trialfailed to tell a jury that it must look only at his “official acts,” or the former governor’s decisions on “specific” and “unsettled” issues related to his duties.最高院的决定表明麦克审判的法官没有告知陪审团必须只考虑他的“公务行为”,或者麦克的决定在特殊和未解决的问题上必须与公务相关。
Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, isnot corruption, thejusticesfound.仅仅帮助一个送礼者给他们接触其他官员的机会,除非对那些官员有明确的意图以此施加压力,否则那不成为腐败。
考研英语一真题手译阅读2017-Text4
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2- The high court’s decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell’s trail failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his “official acts,” or the former governor’s decisions on “specific” and “unsettled” issues related to his duties.
If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society – that all are equal in treatment by government - is undermined.
Good government rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.
4- The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is “distasteful” and “nasty.” But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation.
研究生英语精读Unit4课后答案+课文翻译
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Unit4II. Vocabulary StudyI.l.Physical 2 accumulation 3. diversity 4. precipitated 5. muscular6. pathological7. symptomatic8. vigorous9. psychologically 10. Anxiety1l. restored 12. refreshedII.l. manifestation 2. resume 3. precipitate 4. consequence 5. diverse6. a skimpy7. taxing8. prolong9. overlooked l0. vigor11. enhanced l2. relapseIII. (略)lV. Translationl. I find that walking along the quiet lake can provide refreshment from a day's sedentary job.2. Exercising and relaxing yourse1f is often prescribed as an effective cure for fatigue.3. The less active you are, the faster this aging process accelerates, and the more vulnerable you become to physical and psychoIogica1 problems.4. Even if you keep up dieting, you cannot reduce to the point where you achieve the kind of body-shaping you want.5. People thought he had happy late years during which time he did litt1e but slept and ate, yet he was often tired and depressed.6. In the past when hay was baled by hand and laundry scrubbed on a washboard, people seldom complained of tiredness. However, people feel dragged out and complain a lot in the modern time of 1abor-saving devices and convenient transportation.Key to Supplementary ReadingsA 1. A 2.C 3.B 4.D 5.A 6.AB 1. T 2.F 3. F 4.T 5.T 6.F参考译文论三种疲劳简·布罗迪1 疲劳是人们向医生、朋友和亲戚经常抱怨的问题之一。
新编考研英语阅读理解150篇
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《新编考研英语阅读理解150篇》Unit Two Part A Text 2You slip the key into the ignition and crank the engine to life. But before you put the car into gear, you tap a key on the keyboard mounted by the steering wheel, and your newest e-mail flashes up on the windscreen.把钥匙插在点火装置上,开动引擎。
在给汽车挂挡之前,敲击嵌在方向盘上的键盘,你的最新邮件将在挡风玻璃上闪现。
This seductive satyr is what you get when you cross a car and a computer. Dubbed the “ network vehicle ” , or net-mobile, it may soon come to a driveway near you (probably the one belonging to your rich neighbour). In a net-mobile, a motorist could tap into a regional road system but also to map out a route around rush-hour traffic snags. Drivers and passengers will be able to send and receive e - mail, track the latest sports scores or stock quotes, surf the Web, and even play video games. Or so, at least, say a number of computer-industry firms such as Microsoft, Sun, IBM and Netscape.当你把一辆汽车和一台电脑混合到一起的时候,就得到了这种引人注目的汽车和电脑的交合体。
2017考研英语阅读真题逐句拆分解析(4)
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2017考研英语阅读真题逐句拆分解析(4)提升阅读和翻译能力要打好基础,要做到这一点,一定要学会精读,以历年真题为依托,仔细研究每个句子,日积月累,坚持百日,相信会有很大的提升。
下面凯程在线带大家来逐句拆分解读历年阅读真题,从成分到词汇及这你翻译,帮助大家打好基础,提升综合能力,大家抓紧学起来。
( 2006年真题Section ⅡReading Comprehension Part A Text 2第6段第3句)They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over) -- lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing主语系动词表语插入语同位语jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre同位语to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office同位语后置定语时间状语从句opens at 10:30 a.m.译文:他们虽然来自世界各地,但看起来似乎都一样——身材瘦削,棱角分明,神情专注,穿着牛仔裤和凉鞋,啃着圆面包,在剧院外面的石板上过夜,等着在上午十点半售票处开门时购买专为他们这群人准备的20张座位票和80张站票。
分析:本句被破折号分为了两部分。
破折号之前的主句的主干为They …seem to look alike…;括号里的内容是插入语,是个让步状语从句。
破折号之后的内容是主句的同位语,解释说明其内容,即如何look alike。
在这个同位语中,to buy…them是目的状语,表示bedding down…的目的;其中,held for…to them 是修饰tickets的后置定语,后面跟有一个由when 引导的时间状语从句。
2017年考研英语真题及答案完整解析
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2017年考研英语真题及答案完整解析2017年全国硕⼠研究⽣⼊学统⼀考试英语试题Section I U se of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The homeless make up a growing percentage of America’s population.1 homelessness has reached such proportions that local governments can’t possibly 2. To help homeless people 3 independence, the federal government must support job training programs, 4 the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing.5 everyone agrees on the number of Americans who are homeless. Estimates6 anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million.7 the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is 8. One of the federal government’s studies 9 thatthe number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.Finding ways to 10 this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult. 11 when homeless individuals manage to find a 12 that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day 13 thestreet. Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless have seriousmental disorders. Many others, 14 not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday 15 skills needed to turn their lives 16. Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation willimprove only when there are 17 programs that address the many needs of the homeless. 18 Edward Zlotkowski, director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts, 19 it, “There has to be 20 of programs. What’s needed is a package deal.”1. [A] Indeed[B] Likewise[C] Therefore[D] Furthermore2. [A] stand[B] cope[C] approve[D] retain3. [A] in[B] for[C] with[D] toward[B] add[C] take[D] keep5. [A] generally[B] almost[C] hardly[D] not6. [A] cover[B] change[C] range[D] differ7. [A] Now that[B] Although[C] Provided[D] Except that8. [A] inflating[B] expanding[C] increasing[D] extending9. [A] predicts[B] displays[C] proves[D] discovers10. [A] assist[B] track[C] sustain[D] dismiss11. [A] Hence[B] But[C] Even[D] Only12. [A] lodging[B] shelter[C] dwelling13. [A] searching[B] strolling[C] crowding[D] wandering14. [A] when[B] once[C] while[D] whereas15. [A] life[B] existence[C] survival[D] maintenance16. [A] around[B] over[C] on[D] up17. [A] complex[B] comprehensive[C] complementary[D] compensating18. [A] So[B] Since[C] As[D] Thus19. [A] puts[B] interprets[C] assumes[D] makes20. [A] supervision[B] manipulation[C] regulation[D] coordinationSection II Reading Comprehension Part ARead the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C], or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. There is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of deference” characteristic of popular culture. People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered “vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite,” these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act.” The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’s immigration is neither at unprecedented levels nor resistant to assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000. Now, consider three indices of assimilation -- language, home ownership and intermarriage.The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English ‘well’or ‘very well’ after ten years of residence.” The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. “By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.”Hence the description of America as a “graveyard” for languages. By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans.Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S.-born whites and blacks.”By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians.Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power.”Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America’s turbulent past, today’s social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.21. The word “homogenizing” (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means________.[A] identifying[B] associating[C] assimilating[D] monopolizing22. According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century________.[A] played a role in the spread of popular culture[B] became intimate shops for common consumers[C] satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite[D] owed its emergence to the culture of consumption23. The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S. ________.[A] are resistant to homogenization[B] exert a great influence on American culture[D] constitute the majority of the population24. Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned inParagraph 5?[A] To prove their popularity around the world.[B] To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants.[C] To give examples of successful immigrants.[D] To show the powerful influence of American culture.25. In the author’s opinion, the absorption of immigrants into Americansociety is ________.[A] rewarding[B] successful[C] fruitless[D] harmfulText 2Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry -- William Shakespeare -- but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage, Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights.The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. They frankly dislike the RSC’s actors, them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. It’s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making.The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus -- and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side -- don’t usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing. It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.The townsfolk don’t see it this way and local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poor traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive.Anyway, the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year they’ll do better.) The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford’s most attractive clientele. They come entirely for the plays, not the sights. They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over) -- lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m.26. From the first two paragraphs, we learn that ________.[A] the townsfolk deny the RSC’s contribution to the town’s revenue[B] the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage[D] the townsfolk earn little from tourism27. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that ________.[A] the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately[B] the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers[C] the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers[D] the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater28. By saying “Stratford cries poor traditionally” (Line 2-3, Paragraph4), the author implies that ________.[A] Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects[B] Stratford has long been in financial difficulties[C] the town is not really short of money[D] the townsfolk used to be poorly paid29. According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because________.[A] ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending[B] the company is financially ill-managed[C] the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable[D] the theatre attendance is on the rise30. From the text we can conclude that the author ________.[A] is supportive of both sides[B] favors the townsfolk’s view[C] takes a detached attitude[D] is sympathetic to the RSCText 3When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals. They suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomassof large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.Dr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative. One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. Today’s vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading toDr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account. They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the “shifting baseline.” The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business.31. The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that________.[A] large animal were vulnerable to the changing environment[B] small species survived as large animals disappeared[C] large sea animals may face the same threat today[D] slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones32. We can infer from Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm’s paper that ________.[A] the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reducedby 90%[B] there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago[C] the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the originalamount[D] the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheriesthan in the old33. By saying "these figures are conservative" (Line 1, paragraph 3),Dr. Worm means that ________.[A] fishing technology has improved rapidly[B] the catch-sizes are actually smaller than recorded[C] the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss[D] the data collected so far are out of date34. Dr. Myers and other researchers hold that ________.[A] people should look for a baseline that can work for a longer time[B] fisheries should keep their yields below 50% of the biomass[C] the ocean biomass should be restored to its original level[D] people should adjust the fishing baseline to the changingsituation35. The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries’________.[A] management efficiency[B] biomass level[D] technological applicationText 4Many things make people think artists are weird. But the weirdest may be this: artists’ only job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad.This wasn’t always so. The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere from the 19th century onward, more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless, phony or, worst of all, boring, as we went from Wordsworth’s daffodils to Baudelaire’s flowers of evil.You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen so much misery. But it’s not as if earlier times didn’t know perpetual war, disaster and the massacre of innocents. The reason, in fact, may be just the opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the world today.After all, what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness? Advertising. The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology.People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young. In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in danger and that they would someday be meat for worms. Given all this, they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too.Today the messages the average Westerner is surrounded with are not religious but commercial, and forever happy. Fast-food eaters, news anchors, text messengers, all smiling, smiling, smiling. Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes. And since these messages have an agenda -- to lure us to open our wallets -- they make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable. “Celebrate!”commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex, before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attacks.But what we forget -- what our economy depends on us forgetting -- is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need art to tell us, as religion once did, Memento mori: remember that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. It’s a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air.36. By citing the examples of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire, the authorintends to show that ________.[A] poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or music[B] art grows out of both positive and negative feelings[C] poets today are less skeptical of happiness[D] artists have changed their focus of interest37. The word “bummer”(Line 5, paragraph 5) most probably meanssomething ________.[A] religious[B] unpleasant[C] entertaining[D] commercial38. In the author’s opinion, advertising ________.[A] emerges in the wake of the anti-happy art[B] is a cause of disappointment for the general public[D] creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself39. We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes________.[A] happiness more often than not ends in sadness[B] the anti-happy art is distasteful but refreshing[C] misery should be enjoyed rather than denied[D] the anti-happy art flourishes when economy booms40. Which of the following is true of the text?[A] Religion once functioned as a reminder of misery.[B] Art provides a balance between expectation and reality.[C] People feel disappointed at the realities of modern society.[D] Mass media are inclined to cover disasters and deaths.Part BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered gaps. There are two extra choices, which you do not need to use in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)On the north bank of the Ohio river sits Evansville, Ind., home of David Williams, 52, and of a riverboat casino (a place where gambling games are played). During several years of gambling in that casino, Williams, a state auditor earning $35,000 a year, lost approximately $175,000. He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for $20 worth of gambling. He visited the casino, lost the $20 and left. On his second visit he lost $800. The casino issued to him, as a good customer, a "Fun Card", which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks, and enables the casino to track the user’s gambling activities. For Williams, those activities become what he calls "electronic heroin".(41) ________. In 1997 he lost $21,000 to one slot machine in two days. In March 1997 he lost $72,186. He sometimes played two slot machines at a time, all night, until the boat docked at 5 a.m., then went back aboard when the casino opened at 9 a.m. Now he is suing the casino, charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted. It did know he had a problem.In March 1998 a friend of Williams’s got him involuntarily confinedto a treatment center for addictions, and wrote to inform the casino of Williams’s gambling problem. The casino included a photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers, and wrote to him a “cease admissions”letter. Noting themedical/psychological nature of problem gambling behavior, the letter said that before being readmitted to the casino he would have to present medical/psychological information demonstrating that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well-being.(42) ________.The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has 24 signs warning: “Enjoy the fun... and always bet with your head, not over it.” Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Mental Health. Nevertheless, Williams’s suit charges that the casino, knowing he was “helplessly addicted to gambling,”intentionally worked to “lure” him to “engage in conduct against his will.” Well.(43) ________.The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says “pathological gambling” involves persistent, recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less of money than of thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall.(45) ________.Forty-four states have lotteries, 29 have casinos, and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on -- you might say addicted to -- revenues from wagering. And since the first Internet gambling site was created in 1995, competition for gamblers’ dollars has become intense. The Oct. 28 issue of Newsweek reported that 2 million gamblers patronize 1,800 virtual casinos every week. With $3.5 billion being lost on Internet wagers this year, gambling has passed pornography as the Web’s most profitable business.[A] Although no such evidence was presented, the casino’s marketingdepartment continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.[B]It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior.And in what sense was his will operative?[C] By the time he had lost $5,000 he said to himself that if he couldget back to even, he would quit. One night he won $5,500, but he did not quit.[D] Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but fora long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease.Now it is a social policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is the government.[E] David Williams’s suit should trouble this gambling nation. But don’t bet on it.[F] It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioralproblems, often defining as addictions what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will.[G] The anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling isespecially conducive to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so?Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society? I am going to suggest that it is not true. Father Bruckberger told part of the story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have rejected America. But they have done more than that. They have grown dissatisfied with the role of intellectual. It is they, not America, who have become anti-intellectual.First, the object of our study pleads for definition. What is an intellectual? 46) I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in a Socratic (苏格拉底) way about moral problems. He explores such problems consciously, articulately, and frankly, first by asking factual questions, then by asking moral questions, finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information which he has obtained. 47) His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals -- the average scientist, for one. 48) I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in the everyday performance of his routine duties -- he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufactureevidence, or doctor his reports. 49) But his primary task is not to think about the moral code which governs his activity, anyThe definition also excludes the majority of teachers, despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living. 50) They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment. This description even fits the majority of eminent scholars. Being learned in some branch of human knowledge is one thing, living in "public and illustrious thoughts,” as Emerson would say, is something else.Section III WritingPart A51. DirectionsYou want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area. Write a letter to the department concerned, asking them to help find a candidate. You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your plan.Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Study the following photos carefully and write an essay in which you should1. describe the photos briefly,2. interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them, and3. give your point of view.You should write 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)有两幅图⽚,图1 把崇拜写在脸上;图2 花300元做“⼩贝头”注:Beckham是英国⾜球明星有两张照⽚,⼀张照⽚上有⼀位男⼠脸上写着⾜球明星的名字,另⼀张照⽚上有⼀个男⼦在理发,他要求理发师为他设计⼀个⼩贝克汉姆的发型。
2017考研英语二阅读真题及答案
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2017考研英语⼆阅读真题及答案 引导语:为了帮助⼤家更好地准备考研,以下是百分⽹店铺为⼤家整理的2017考研英语⼆阅读真题及答案,欢迎阅读!英语⼆ Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension Part A Directions:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points) Text 1 Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times range from Andrew Baddeley’s world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour. Parkrun is succeeding where London’s Olympic “legacy” is failing. Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London. Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches。
2017英语一text4 -回复
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2017英语一text4 -回复让我们来写一篇1500-2000字的文章,主题是2017英语一text4。
首先,让我们回顾一下这篇文章的主要内容。
2017年英语一的text4题目为《互联网和人类梦想》,通过讨论互联网对人们生活的影响,以及互联网对于个人和社会梦想的作用,引出互联网时代下人们对未来的期待与梦想。
接下来,我们可以按照以下步骤来进行文章的写作:第一步:引言部分- 在引言部分,我们可以提出互联网的快速发展对人们生活产生了深远影响的论点,并指出互联网时代给人们带来了更多的选择和可能性。
第二步:互联网对人们生活的影响- 在这一部分,我们可以详细描述互联网给人们带来的便利性和效率提升,例如在线购物、在线教育和远程办公等。
- 同时,我们也要提到互联网对人们日常交流和社交方式的改变,例如社交媒体的兴起和即时通讯工具的普及。
我们可以讨论这种新的交流方式对人际关系和社会互动的影响。
第三步:互联网对个人和社会梦想的作用- 这一部分,我们可以论述互联网为个人和社会梦想的实现提供了更多机会和平台。
- 我们可以以创业为例,讨论互联网为创业者提供了更广阔的市场和更低的创业门槛,从而帮助他们实现梦想。
- 同时,我们还可以探讨互联网对社会变革和进步的推动作用,例如网络众筹和在线志愿者行动等,这些都是互联网为社会梦想的实现提供了新的渠道。
第四步:互联网时代下人们的期待和梦想- 在这一部分,我们可以讨论人们对互联网时代的期待和梦想。
例如,人们期待通过互联网实现更高的工作效率和生活质量,期待互联网能够为社会带来更多公平和机会平等的改变。
- 同时,我们也可以谈到人们对于互联网安全和隐私保护的担忧,以及他们希望互联网能够更好地解决这些问题的期待。
第五步:总结部分- 在总结部分,我们可以强调互联网时代对人们梦想的影响和作用,并强调互联网给人们带来更多的选择和机会。
- 我们还可以表达对于互联网的未来发展和潜力的看法,并指出人们应该充分利用互联网的力量,为自己的梦想奋斗。
2017年英语一真题阅读理解部分
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2017年英语一真题(阅读理解部分) 2017年英语一真题阅读理解部分共有四篇文章,分别是《A Passage to the Future》、《The Mysterious Language》、《The Art of the Novel》和《The First Ice Hotel》。
以下是对这四篇文章的详细分析和解答。
文章一:《A Passage to the Future》这篇文章主要介绍了一个名为“瑞典电子高速公路”的未来交通项目。
该项目旨在利用电动汽车和电动公交车进行城市交通,通过在道路上嵌入电线,实现对电动汽车的无线充电。
这项技术被称为“电动公交车时代的下一步”。
文章描述了该项目的优势、实施计划以及相关技术。
文章二:《The Mysterious Language》这篇文章讨论了一个有趣的现象:人类语言的起源和发展。
文章首先介绍了语言的重要性,然后谈到了语言的起源和语言的发展。
作者提出了两种理论:自然起源理论和社会起源理论,并对这两种理论进行了比较和分析。
最后,文章提出了一个问题:语言是否会继续发展,还是会停滞不前。
文章三:《The Art of the Novel》这篇文章主要介绍了小说的艺术。
文章首先讨论了小说的定义和特点,然后探讨了小说与其他文学形式的关系。
接着,文章阐述了小说的创作过程和技巧,以及小说家需要具备的素质。
最后,文章提出了一个问题:小说的未来在哪里?文章四:《The First Ice Hotel》这篇文章介绍了世界上第一家冰雕酒店的建设和运营情况。
文章描述了冰雕酒店的建筑材料、设计和装饰,以及冰雕酒店的服务和体验。
文章还提到了冰雕酒店的环境保护意义和对旅游业的推动作用。
最后,文章提出了一个问题:冰雕酒店是否会成为未来旅游业的主流?对于这四篇文章的最佳答案,以下是我的建议:文章一:《A Passage to the Future》的最佳答案应包括以下内容:1.电子高速公路的实施计划和技术细节;2.电子高速公路的优势和对城市交通的影响;3.对电子高速公路的评价和展望。
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Uint 4Text 11. 作者认为“δ开发潜能”观念经久不衰的原因在于其。
[A]事实性[B]远见性[C]神秘性[D]启发性[信息锁定]第一段首先引出某种说法“大多数人只用及大脑的10%”;进而作出评价:该说法来源不明,准确性有待考证,噱头成分多过事实,但却经久不衰;随后指出了该说法经久不衰的原因:其言外之意颇具吸引力,也即,该说法颇能鼓舞人心——90%大脑尚δ使用,若是挖掘使用,则人人皆可成天才;最后论及申克新作《人人都能成为天才》,实际也是为了说明这种“说法”经久不衰。
[D]选项符合文意。
[解题技巧][A]选项陷阱在于将文中“噱头成分多过事实”错误引申为“有噱头成分,但并不代表û有事实,其事实性也毋庸置疑”,从而导致误选。
[B]选项误区在于将文中“该说法经久不衰”套之以常识性知识“既然经久不衰,那ô它肯定具有先见之明”,容易造成误选。
[C]选项捕风捉影,将文中underlying premise误理解为“神秘、不可捉摸”,该短语实指该说法的潜在预设,即其言外之意。
技巧点拨:因果关系题,可以直击文中表示因果关系的词汇,如because,然后在其前后深究“因”与“果”各为何物。
同时,从字里行间揣测作者的站λ,首段第二句作者对该说法的客观评价就应该能够帮助我们将[A]、[B]两个表示褒义态度的选项加以排除,剩下[C]选项是被文中个别词汇误导一叶障目的结果。
2. 第二段隐含“刻意练习”的核心思想在于其。
[A]时间跨度[B]目标性[C]强度[D]反复性[信息锁定]第二段第四句提出概念“刻意练习”,即反复不断尝试,尝试的目标须以超乎自己现有水平为基准,言外之意,“刻意练习”不是为了完成练习量,其精髓在于其目的性(attempts to...)很明确,要持续不断地做“超乎自己现有能力”的事情,同时从deliberate词义“有意的,刻意的”也可见一斑,[B]选项最准确。
[解题技巧][A]选项误将文中over time(假以时日)理解为“时间决定了刻意练习的有效性”,故错误。
[C]选项陷阱之处在文中提及frequent failures,容易产生“三番五次失败,其强度、难度不可小觑”的误解,容易误选。
[D]选项最容易误选,是因为文中practice, practice , practice, over and over again, repeated等词给人形成一个误区——“反复性”是刻意练习着重强调的要素,容易造成误选。
技巧点拨:注意题干核心词core(核心),[A]、[C]、[D]三个选项均是“刻意练习”应具备的要素,但并非其核心要素。
3. 根据第三段,申克的观点δ能。
[A]回答我们是否生来才智平等的问题[B]解释我们大多数人δ能成为伟人的原因[C]追溯我们执着寻求伟大的动力[D]说明我们坚强意志的先天性[信息锁定]第三段第二句直接点明申克论述的软肋之一:“想变成伟人”的驱动力和自律力的来源问题。
下文对该句进行了解释说明,指出申克对“人们狂热追求成功的毅力和驱动力是否天生”的站λ含糊不清,即,他û能说明人们追求伟大的动力来源,故[C]选项符合文意。
[解题技巧][A]、[B]选项误将段末两句作者对申克的质疑理解为作者认为申克应该作出“人们似乎生来才智均等”或“普通人为何都û有成为莫扎特这样的天才,而是沦为普通人”的解答,所以不选。
[D]选项只见树木不见森林,将段中第四句中“最不愿意承认这种狂热的专注是‘与生俱来的’”偷换为“δ探寻执着毅力的先天性问题”,故排除。
4. 第四段第三行的“ducks”意思最接近于。
[A]回避[B]表明[C]坚持[D]反对[信息锁定]该词上文指出申克的观点,他对“个体生命机理给成就施加何种限制”闪烁其词,对“我们生来是有限制的”谨而慎之,而只是认为“这些限制会在我们耗费大量时间、精力、资源之后才可能得知”。
随后该词下文指出某种“言外之意(implication)”:这些限制会自我暴¶,而阻碍我们成为莫扎特之类的人物。
而申克是认为大家都可以成为“莫扎特之类的伟人”,可见,该词上下文含义之间存在一定程度上的相悖,故可先排除[B]、[C]选项。
另外,由申克并不明显反对“个人自身生理机制对成就的限制”可以推断出该词应该更接近于“逃避”,即含糊其辞,不明确表态,而不是站λ明确的态度词“反对”,所以正确选项为[A],duck与evasive属同义表达。
[解题技巧]解答词义题时,主要有三种方法,一是留意上下文中词/句的重述,上文also evasive, careful to say皆传达一个意义“申克含糊其辞”,可以考虑将明确的观点态度词加以排除;其次留意该词上下文之间的逻辑关系,通过上述分析可知词义与上下文之间存在文意相悖,所以可以将文意相符的选项加以排除;最后试着将正确选项套入文中进行阅读看是否顺应文意。
5. 最后,作者暗示申克的观点可能是。
[A]令人误解的[B]独具见解的[C]令人信服的[D]前后ì盾的[信息锁定]作者在文章末β(最后两句)指出,虽然申克新著中充斥着作者写作中语言的飞扬跋扈与自身行为中竭力奉行自己观念的虔诚之间的ì盾,但是他的虔诚践行却可能会令读者感觉这λ作家并δ作出虚假承诺,此处暗示,申克的论断具有一定的说服力。
故选项[C]符合文意。
[解题技巧][A]选项误将作者对申克论断的大体态度等同于作者的局部态度;同时误以为最后一句是暗示申克论断是错的,要注意其中feel的否定语气;最后,注意题干中In the end,该词至关重要,否则会影响做题。
[B]选项误将“申克似乎并δ作出虚假承诺”引申理解为“既然δ作假,那ô他的论断自然是独具匠心的”,容易造成误选。
事实上,文章第一段就指出这种观点经久不衰,暗示申克并非首倡者;同时δ看见文章末句后部分“因为他虔诚地践行着这些建议”,也即,δ作虚假承诺跟其见解独具匠心无关,而与其自身立身处世有关。
[D]选项误将文中“写作风格与处事之风之间存在冲突(a tension between...)”理解为“申克的论断存在不一致之处”,故错误。
Text 26. 第一段旨在告诉我们。
[A]个性化医疗的财政状况[B]个性化医疗的研究范Χ[C]个性化医疗的δ来前景[D]个性化医疗的法律纷争[信息锁定]第一段首先指出“个性化医疗”给面临困境的药品研究带来了新的希望,但它在带来希望的同时也带来了法律纷争,后续段落针对该法律纷争进行了详细阐述,可见,该段末句才真正指出了文章论述的关键,旨在告诉我们由个性化医疗所引发的法律纷争,[D]选项符合文意。
[解题技巧][A]选项陷阱在于段中指出医疗研究所遇困难时提及预算等问题,易造成“本段在讲述个性化医疗的财政状况”的误解,排除不选。
[B]选项陷阱在于段中分析个性化医疗所带来的希望时谈及其为个人制造药品,易造成“本段在讲述个性化医疗的研究范Χ”的误解,所以错误。
[C]选项陷阱在于段中大篇幅在讲述个性化医疗的前景,最易误选,但是该段最重要的一句话在于后者“个性化医疗在带来希望的同时也带来了法律纠纷”,故排除。
技巧点拨:做此类段落主旨题时要将文章主旨置入其中加以考虑,而不要一ζ就着所在段落文字就事论事,把握作者的真实核心目的最为关键。
若是有But等之类的转折词则一定要多加注意。
7. 由第二、三段可以推知。
[A]自然和抽象创意可以申请专利[B]个性化医疗是专利改革的焦点[C]生物技术专利易于陷入法律纷争[D]基因测试不可以申请专利[信息锁定]第二、三段主要在讲述÷奥VS普罗米修斯一案的纷争源头以及其深远影响。
第二段指出由于个性化医疗中涉及基因测试、个体特征方面的研究等,这些无疑与自然法则和抽象概念紧密相关,而美国法律不允许自然和抽象创意注册专利,所以“个性化医疗”所涉及到专利问题就会比较棘手,因为难以断定其中哪些研究可以注册专利。
第三段首句紧接着指出该案件只是诸多生物技术专利诉讼案件中一例而已,可见,生物技术专利极容易陷入法律纷争,(因为可以注册专利的研究或是不可以注册专利的研究之间并无明确的规划),[C]选项正确。
[解题技巧]事实细节题一般通过“排除法”来否定其他干扰项。
由上述“信息锁定”可以排除[A]选项。
第三段只提及新近的专利改革在生物技术专利方面û有很明朗的态度,并û有指出“个性化医疗”是专利改革的焦点,排除[B]选项。
基因测试是“个性化医疗”所使用的手段,目前不能断定的是“个性医疗”的哪些研究可以注册专利而哪些研究不能,不能一概而论指出专利测试不能申请专利,排除[D]选项。
8. ÷奥VS普罗米修斯一案的焦点最有可能在于普罗米修斯1998年申请的专利是否。
[A]属于自然运作过程[B]抑制创新[C]侵犯现有专利[D]损害“个性化医疗”[信息锁定]第四段介绍法案争议的重点不在于基因检测,而在于普罗米修斯于1998年提交的一项专利,该专利有关巯嘌呤类药物有效性的检测。
第五段首句指出÷奥律师认为该专利纯粹是人体自然运作过程的过程,不应该被授予专利。
“是否属于自然运作过程”是争议核心所在,因为美国法律禁止为自然运作过程注册专利,故[A]选项符合文意。
[解题技巧][B]、[C]选项陷阱在于第五段中双方争议内容有“抑制创新”和“侵犯现有专利”,易造成误选,但是这两者只是由核心争执点“普罗米修斯1998年申请的专利是否为人体自然运作过程”引发的,故排除。
[D]选项误将文章探讨话题“个性化医疗”上升到案件的根源,而事实上,文章是在讨论个性化医疗哪些研究可以申请专利而哪些不行,并以÷奥VS普罗米修斯案为例加以说明,该案具体争议焦点自然不是个性化医疗某个研究的申请事宜,而并非是个性医疗遭到破坏,故排除。
9. 下面哪项说法最能表明专利律师的现有情形?[A]城门失火殃及池鱼。
[B]鹬蚌相争渔翁得利。
[C]人不为己天诛地灭。
[D]失之东隅收之桑榆。
[信息锁定]末段对最高法院的判决作出预测,并最终指出目前来看个性化医疗只能是令专利律师受益最大,言外之意就是,由于最高法院暂时无法作出限定性很强的判决,故因个性化医疗所产生的法律纷争也在所难免,而涉案双方是难以受益的,真正受益的是第三方,即律师。
可见[B]选项最贴近文意。
[解题技巧]此道事实细节题可以采用关键词排除法,末句关键词是greatest beneficiaries(最大受益方),首先可以将无关受益的选项排除,即排除[A]选项;而[C]选项重点在“人人为己,魔鬼遭殃”太过夸大文意,故排除;[D]选项实指一个人的得失,而δ体现第三方与当事人双方的关系,所以错误。
10. 根据文章,谁最有可能会站在普罗米修斯的角度?[A]病人。