Attributive Clause定语全面从句讲解
定语从句TheAttributiveClause
定语从句TheAttributiveClauseThe Attributive Clause一、基本概念：在主从复合句中，放在某一名词，代词后面，对名词，代词起修饰，限制，补充说明的句子，也被称为形容词性从句，其中被修饰的名词，代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，关系词根据其在定语从句中的功能，分为关系代词，关系副词，关系词一方面引导从句，把主句与从句联接起来，另一方面它们代替先行词在句中充当一定的成分。
关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose, as关系副词：when, where, why限制性定语从句译为“…的…”非限制性定语从句译为并列句I、限制性定语从句关系代词：1.作主语：指人（who, that）; 指物（which, that）A plane is a machine that/which can fly.The girl that/who is sitting by the window is my sister.The person that/who leaves the room last should turn off the lights.Notice : 1）关系代词在定语从句中作主语，关系代词不能省略。
2）The students who are singing belong to Class Two.关系代词在定语从句中作主语，从句中谓语动词应和先行词保持一致。
Eg: I, who_____ your teacher, will try my best to help you. (be) The Great Wall is one of the world-famous buildings that______ lotsof visitors. (draw)The Great wall is the only one of the buildings on the earth that_______ seen from the moon. (be)3）one of + 复数名词+ 定语从句结构中，如果先行词在定语从句中作主语，从句谓语动词用复数；如果其前有the 或the only 修饰，从句谓语动词用单数。
英语翻译与写作-Attributive Clauses
Attributive ClausesI. 英汉定语结构的对比英语的定语从句呈右开放状，从理论上讲，一个句子可以向右无限扩展。
This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that was put in the house that Jack built. 汉语没有定语从句之说，作为修饰成分的定语习惯上放在被修饰词之前（左边），用“、、、、、、的”结构表现，呈左封闭状。
这就是那只捕杀了偷吃了放在杰克修建的房间里的蛋糕的老鼠的猫。
如果“、、、、、、的、、、、、、的”太多，就会不知所云，影响对整个句子的理解。
这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。
老鼠偷吃了放在屋里的蛋糕。
屋子是杰克盖的。
II. 限制性定语从句1. 合并法(combination)：在定语从句较短的情况下（一般在10个词之内），将定语从句合并于主句，用“、、、、、、的”结构译出。
1)The people who worked for him lived in mortal fear of him.2)Pollution is a pressing problem which we must deal with.3)July and August are the months when the weather is hot.4)In the room where the electronic computer is kept, there must be no dust at all.2. 分译法(division)：即化整为零，分别翻译。
这种方法比较适合长而复杂的定语从句。
分译时，可以重复先行词。
1)Each day we make choices that affect our lives and sometimes the lives of others.2)They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and forwhich, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.3)Between these two particles, the proton and the electron, there is a powerfulattraction that is always present between negative and positive electric charges.4)Newton invented a paper lantern illuminated by a candle which he carried with himto light his way to school on dark winter mornings.在主题明确的情况下，也可以不重复先行词。
定语从句AttributiveClauses在句中做定语修饰一个名
修饰的名词,词组或代词或句子即先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有：when, where, why等。
I关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、(宾语)、定语等成分。
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1）who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。
例如：Is he the man who/that wants to see you?（who/that在从句中作主语）He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.（whom/that在从句中作宾语）2）whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。
例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose （of which）cover is green.= the cover of which is green.3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。
例如：A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。
（which / that在句中作宾语）The package （which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你（which / that在句中作宾语）II.1）关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用。
The Attributive Clause--定语从句
The Attributive Clause定语从句一. 定语从句: 用于修饰名词的从句叫定语从句。
二. 先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词叫先行词。
三. 关系词：引导定语从句的引导词叫关系词。
(关系词用来指代先行词并在定语从句中作成份)关系词分为：关系代词：who, whom, which, that, whose, as关系副词：when, where, why，（that）四. 关系词在定语从句中的句法作用：关系代词：做主语，宾语，表语。
关系副词：做状语。
五.定语从句用法:例：1. The boy who/that broke the window is called Tom. (who=the boy) The girl (that / who)we saw yesterday is Mary. (that / who= the girl) The man (that/ who/whom)you spoke to was a scientist.→The man to whom you spoke was a scientist.The old man whom I am looking after is better. (look after为固定短语，不提前)2. A plane is a machine that can fly. (that=the machine)Is this the watch (that/which)you are looking for? (look for为固定短语，不提前)3. The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather. (whose= the boy’s)The boy whose handwriting is the best in his class is Peter.→The boy the handwriting of whom is the best in his class is Peter. →The boy of whom the handwriting is the best in his class is Peter.The house whose window is broken is mine. (whose=the house’s)The house the window of which is broken is mine.The house of which the window is broken is mine.**Our class has 45 students, most of whom are boys.**The Chinese teams won 20 gold medals, 12 of which were won by women.(12 of which=12 of the 20 gold medals)**The man has two sons, both of whom are college students.(both of whom=both of the two sons)4. The school where I study is far from my home.(where =in the school) This is the house where I lived last year.Where=in the house; where =in whichThe city (that/which)she lives in is far away.5. I still remember the day when I came here.when =on the day; when=on which6. There are many reasons why people like traveling.why =for the reasons; why=for which7. I don’t like the way (that) you speak.that =in the way; that =in which8. This is the same pen as I lost. 这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。
定语从句 attributive clause relative clause
定语从句 attributive clause
relative clause
定语从句通常由关系代词（Relative Pronouns）引导，如 who, whom, whose, that, which 等，它们在从句中充当一定的成分，并与先行词（Antecedent）之间存在一定的关系。
以下是一些关于定语从句的详细介绍：
1. 定语从句的作用：定语从句用于进一步描述或限定先行词，提供更多的背景信息或细节。
它可以使句子更加丰富和具体。
2. 关系代词的使用：关系代词在定语从句中起连接作用，同时在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
它们的选择取决于先行词的性质和在从句中的角色。
3. 先行词的类型：先行词可以是名词、代词、整个句子或其他名词性结构。
4. 限定性和非限定性定语从句：定语从句可以分为限定性（Defining）和非限定性（Non-defining）两种。
限定性定语从句对先行词起到明确限定的作用，而非限定性定语从句则提供额外的信息，并不对先行词进行限定。
5. 关系副词的使用：除了关系代词，还有关系副词（Relative Adverbs）如 where, when, why 等，它们在定语从句中充当状语成分。
总的来说，定语从句是一种重要的句子结构，它通过引入关系代词或关系副词来修饰和限定先行词，提供更多的信息和细节，使句子更加丰富和具体。
正确使用定语从句可以使语言表达更加准确、生动。
the attributive clause 定语从句归纳总结
the attributive clause 定语从句一．定义：在复合句中修饰，限定某一n. pron或相当于n的词组或句子的从句叫做定语从句。
定语从句也叫形容词性从句。
二．模式：先行词+引导词+从句1.先行词：被定语从句修饰的对象叫先行词，先行词通常是名词词组，但也可以是整个句子或句中述及的某一事件。
2.引导词即关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
3.关系词：关系代词：who whom whose that which as关系副词：when where why4.关系词通常有下列三个作用：1）引导定语从句2）代替先行词3）在定语从句中担当一个成分，关系代词在从句中作主语，表语，宾语。
关系副词在从句中作状语。
三．定语从句的分类1.限定性定语从句：对先行词进行修饰，限制，是先行词不可缺少的定语，如去掉这个从句，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。
在形式上，关系词与先行词之间无逗号。
2.非限制性定语从句：对先行词不是进行修饰，限制而是对先行词进行补充和进一步说明，若去掉，主句仍能表达完整意思。
在形式上，先行词与关系词之间有一逗号。
常译成主句的并列句。
Eg: 1) The students who went to see the film were very disappointed.2) The students, who went to see the film, were very disappointed.四．定语从句的用法1）who引导的定语从句，先行词是表人的n或pron，在从句中作主语或宾语。
Eg. Is there any other reader who wants to renew his book?His mother, who loved him very much, died in 1818.2) whom引导的定语从句，先行词是表人的n或pron，在从句中作宾语，在限制性定语从句中常可省略，在口语或非正式语中也可用who代替。
Lecture 2 Attributive Clause 定语从句详解
Lecture Two Attributive ClausesI.Definition: An Attributive Clause is a clause that serves as attribute, generally post-position,in a sentence.II. Two essential things to take note of:A. The Antecedent: that part the clause modifies/the relative refers toB. The Relative: the word (pronoun/adverb) that relates the clause to the Antecedent, andfunctions as an element in the clause.Relatives are classified into:Relative Pronouns: who, whom, whose; which, that, what, as, but, etc.Relative Adverbs: when, where, why, that, etc.e.g. One who says that is mistaken.The man (whom/who/that) I saw yesterday is named Smith.The girl whose father was a Red Amy man is the youngest in her class.The house whose roof was damaged in the earthquake is now under repair.This is the book (which) I bought yesterday.It stormed all day, during which time the ship broke up.Did you see the letter that came early in the morning?He went to the meeting and, what was worse, insisted on speaking.Such women as knew Tom thought he was honest.There is no one but knows it (who doesn’t know it).At that time when I saw him, he was quite well.We will start at the point where we left off.He refused to disclose the reason why he did it.I stay at home on the days that/when I am not busy.Please suggest a place (that/where) we can meet.The reason (that/why) I came should be clear to you.I didn’t like the way (that) she spoke to me.Ⅲ. Choice of RelativesA. Relative pronouns1. Who/that/when the antecedent refers to a person, but who is more preferable when itfunctions as subject in the clause while that is more preferable when is functions as object in the clause.e.g. Is he the man who/that sells dog?He is a man (that/whom/who) people like at first sight.2. Use which/that/when the antecedent refers to a thing, but that is more preferable,especially in oral English.e.g. Here is a book that/which describes animals.This is the book (that/which) you want.3. Use who/whom when the antecedent refers to a person, and which when it refers to athing in a Non-restrictive Attributive Clause.e.g. My sister, who is a nurse, came home last week.I spoke to Dr .Bradley, whom I met after the meeting.The current , which is very rapid, makes the river dangerous.She was fond of French, which indeed she spoke well.4. Use whom (not who) referring to a person, and which (not that) referring to a thing, when the relative is right after a preposition.e.g. The man from whom I bought it told me how to oil it.Here is the car about which I told you days ago.5. Use that (never who/which) in the following cases:a. When the antecedent is any of the indefinite pronouns such as all , little, few, much,none, etc. referring to something.e.g. All that glitters is not gold.There is not much that can be done.Are there any stations in the street?--- None that I know of.b. When the antecedent is modified/preceded by any of the Indefinite Determiners such asany, every, acc, no, etc.e.g. Any boy that wants to succeed must work hard.All the people (that) I wrote to agreed to come.Goats and sheep eat every plant (that) they can find.There is no difficulty that we can’t over come.c. When the antecedent is any of the compound indefinite pronouns something, anything,nothing, etc.e.g. I can tell you something that is very interesting to all.He never says anything that must be kept secret.I’m determined, and nothing (that) you say will change my mind.d. When the antecedent is modified by an adjective in it superlative degree.e.g. He is the bravest man that has ever lived.Yesterday was one of the coldest days that I have ever known.They eat the finest food that is available.e. When the antecedent is modified by the ordinal numerals or words denoting solenesssuch as last, next, etc. or words expressing emphasis such as only, very, etc.e.g. Which was the first/next steamship that crossed the Atlantic?You are the very boy (that) I have been looking for.The only thing (that) you can do now is to hope for the best.f. In a left sentence.e.g. What was it that he wanted?Was it you that broke the window?It was John who/that wore a white shirt at the dance.g. When the antecedent is the interrogative pronoun who or which.e.g. Who that have worked with him do not like him?Which of us that is 30 years old has not read the book?h. When the antecedent is a person and the relative functions as complement in the clause.e.g. He is not the man that he was.I’m not the fool that you thought me.I. When the antecedent refers to both persons and things.e.g. He talked a lot about the men and the books that interested him.6. Use who (not that) in the following cases.a. When the antecedent is those, one or he (indefinite pronoun).e.g. Will those who wish to go stand up?One who is not diligent will never prosper.He/One who makes no mistakes, makes nothing.b. When the antecedent is any of the compound indefinite pronouns: somebody, nobody,someone, anyone, no one, etc.e.g. Anyone who wants to may take part in the contest.There is someone who wants to speak to you.7. Use which (not that or who) in the following cases.a. When the antecedent, though a collective noun, denotes a whole (team), instead of itsmembers.e.g. He liked the family which was happy and friendly.c.f. I joined the family who were walking on the beach.b. In a non-restrictive clause, with the main clause, or a part of it, or a noun not referring toa person, as the antecedent.e.g. He changed his mind, which made me very angry.He has to work on Sundays, which he doesn’t like.Whenever I met him, which was fairly often, I liked his sweet smileHe looked like a lawyer (profession/identity), which he was not.8. as or whicha. Both can be used in the Non-restrictive Attributive Clause, but as-clause is flexible inposition: before or after the main clause, or in the middle of it, while which-clause is fixed in position: only after the main clause. After the main clause, they are interchangeable.e.g. As was expected, he did a very good job.As is known to all, English is very useful.English, as is known to all, is very useful.English is very useful, as/which is known to all.He was a foreigner, as/which I knew from his accent.b. Use as when the antecedent is the same or is modified/preceded by the same, so..., oras...e.g.The situation remains the same as/that it was four years ago.Here is so big a stone as no man can lift.Rosy is as good a girl as (anybody) can be.9. When what as a relative introduces a Non-restrictive Attribute serving as a parenthesis, it usually precedes the antecedent (the main clause or part of it).e.g. He is an interesting speaker and, what is more important, he knows his topicthoroughly.Then I discovered, what was news to me, that his wife was Peter’s niece.10. Use but when the relative means“that/who...not”.e.g. There is no tree but bears some fruit.There is no one but knows him.There are very few but admire his talent.There is none of us but wishes to help you.Not a day went by but brought us good news.Ⅳ. Attributive clause, restrictive or non-restrictiveRestrictive vs Non-restrictiveRestricting the meaning Giving further/complementaryof the antecedent; explanation to the Antecedent; Indispensible to the Dispensable to the essentialessential meaning of the meaning of the sentence;sentence (closely related Separated from the main clause by a comma to the Antecedent); or a dash, etc.Not separated from themain clause by punctuation marks.e.g. People congratulated the man who had just won the Noble Prize for literature.People congratulated Ernest Hemingway, who had just won the Nobel Prize.A mother who loves her son very much will devote herself to his well-being.The boy’s mother, who loves her son very much, will devote herself to his well-being.The house which/that I bought last year has a lovely garden..My house, which I bought last year, has a lovely garden.The boys who wanted to play football were disappointed when it began to rain. (Part)The boys, who wanted to play football, were disappointed when it began to rain. (Whole)His aunt who lives in Chengdu came to see him yesterday. (More than one aunt)His aunt, who lives in Chengdu, came to see him yesterday. (Only one aunt)I will not wear any clothes that/which distinguish me from others.I will not wear any clothes, which will distinguish me from others.The place where Lu Xun was born is Shaoxing.Next week, we are going to visit Shaoxing, where Lu Xun was born.V. Attributive Clause condensed/shortened into phrasese.g. The man (who is) sitting beside/next to me now spoke on the radio last night..The man (that is) being questioned by the police is my brother.The language (that is) spoken all over the world is English.The report (that was) written by my colleague appeared last week.Any coins (that are) found on this site must be handed over to the police.The naughtiest pupil in her class is an 11-year-old boy (that/who is) named Zhang Huike. Foreigners (who join) joining a Chinese dinner party should know and follow Chinese table manners.Do you know any other words (that were) borrowed from other language?Days (that are) gone by are days (that are) forgotten.The man (who can help you) able to help you is Johnson.In years (that are to come) to come, he will regret having left the country.The time (when you should go) for you to go is July.The place (where he should stay) for him to stay is the university guest house.He had a good reason (he should be angry) to be angry.He was the first (that arrived) to arrive and the last (that left) to leave.Ann, (who is) my best friend, was here last night.Mrs. Hamilton, (who was) kind and generous, offered her help.The woman (who is) with her child is Joan.The church (which is) on the square is very beautiful.。
英语语法Attributive Clause 定语从句
2. 在从句中作表语 Tom has changed a lot and is not the man that he used to be.
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介词＋ which 的场合
1. place + at / in which = where
5
代物： 只用 which
1. 介词提到引导词之前：
We will pay a visit to the factory in which his father works. 2. 引导非限制性定语从句：
① She took the book away, which was very
amusing. ( which
2020/： 被定语从句所修饰的名词 关系代词: 引导定语从句，代替先行词在从句中
作主语或宾语
that 代人或物,作宾可略,不引导非限定从
who 代人,作主语,有时可代 whom
whom 代人，作宾语，常在介词后
whose 人/ 物的，作定语修饰名词
which 代物，作宾可略，常引导非限定从
on top of this? 2. 先行词前有 all, no, any, much, little,修饰:
All the books that have been offered to me are interesting and instructive.
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3. 先行词前有序数词或最高级修饰： ① The second watch that was bought is now
why / that ) he had been absent was that he
定语从句(attributive clause)
（2）.在there be 结构中，并且先行词 是人;
who asks for There is a young man _____ your help.
7. whom指人，是宾格，作宾语 （介宾短语） (1). The person to whom you just talked is Mr Li. =The person who/whom/that you just talked to is Mr Li. (2). Mrs Read is the person to whom you should write. =Mrs Read is the person who/whom/that you should write to.
8.whose是who的所有格，用作名 词的限定语，先行词可以是人也可 以是物。 (1). This is the scientist whose name is known all over the world. (2). Would you please pass me the book whose cover is blue?
定语从句 (The Attributive Clause)
高一
Review： 定义： 在复合句中，修饰名词
或代词的从句叫做定语 从句。(P90)
1.分类
（1）限制性定语从句： 作定语，修饰先行词（名词/代词）。 译为定语“......的” （2）非限制性定语从句： 作定语，修饰先行词（名词/代词）或前面 整个句子。 主句和从句中有逗号。
（3）.有人、物同时作先行词时；
eg: The old woman scolded (骂) her that grand-daughter and her dog ____ broke her glasses.
Attributive_Clause限制性定语从句
Attributive Clause定语从句关于定语从句定语从句及相关术语1.定语从句：定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等。
关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。
2，代替先行词。
3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。
3.定语：定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用………的‟表示。
主要由形容词担任。
此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任．单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。
短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。
（一）限定性定语从句1. that既可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。
而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置2. which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢3. 代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括当先行词是anything, everything, nothing ,few, all, none, little, some等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时等，这时的that常被省略4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语5. where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句6. when引导定语从句表示时间［注］值得一提的是，表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when 引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks. I still remember the first time I met her. Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.7. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格.它引导的从句可以修饰人和物, 当它引导的从句修饰物体时, 可以与of which 调换,表达的意思一样.8. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything,everything或nothing时，常用there is来引导There is somebody here who wants to speak to you. 这里有人要和你说话。
高一 英语 定语从句(Attributive Clause) 讲义
英语专题：定语从句（Attributive Clause）2012-3-3置于他所修饰的名词或（代词）之后，这种名词或代词叫先行词。
（antecedent）引导定语从句的关联词为关系代词和关系副词知识总结归纳（一）定语从句的结构：在复合句中，修饰某个名词或代词的句子（做这个名词或代词的定语）叫定语从句，定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面，被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词，它与定语从句之间要有一个词连接，这个词指代先行词的内容叫做关系词（关系代词或关系副词：that, which, who, whose, when, where, why）。
先行词在定语从句中充当主语，宾语，时间，地点，原因状语。
结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句。
1. There she saw a wall of water that was quickly advancing towards her.（二）定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句：限定性定语从句：从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明，缺少它，则句义显得不完整，从句与先行词紧密相连。
非限定性定语从句：对先行词进行补充说明，解释，它与先行词之间有逗号隔开。
松散的修饰关系。
1. water, which is a clear liquid, has many uses.2. Flora, whose beautiful hair and dress were all cold and wet, started crying.Part one:Find out the relative pronouns1. The teachers who are present at our class are all experienced teachers.2. Our class is a big family which consists of 30 girls and 21 boys.3. I’d like a room whose window looks out over the sea. (Of which)4. The school where we are studying is very beautiful.5. He was a foreigner, as I knew from his accent.归指代人纳指代事物所属关系who whom that aswhich that as 关系代词whose总指地点结指时间指原因wherewhen 关系副词why注意事项:1.从句的位置:先行词之后2.翻译方法:“….的”3.构成：关系词(关系代词/关系副词)Part two:考点与难点归纳:1.that与which2.对the way的考查考点3.介词+关系词4. as的使用5.对where的考查难点6.综合考查考点1：that 与which1) Do you have anything ______ you don’t understand?2) The only thing _____ we can do is to give you some advice.3) Who is the man _____ is standing there?4) Her bag, in ________ she put all her money, has been stolen.5) She heard a terrible noise，______ brought her heart into her mouth.Answers: 1) that 2) that 3) that 4) which 5) which1:先行词是everything, nothing, anything, something, much, little, none等不定代词或由不定代词any, some, no, much, few, little, every, all等修饰时, 引导定语从句用that不用which。
Attributive Clause
一、基本概念： 用作定语的从句叫做定语从
句，修饰一个名词或代词，被修 饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。定 语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后， 引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
eg1: The man who lives next to us is a teacher.
先行词 关系词 定语从句，放于先行词之后
9、The way _____ he looks at problems is wrong.
A. which B. whose C. what
D./
10、This is the last time _____ I shall give you a lesson.
A. when B. that C. which D. what 11、The reason is _____ I missed the bus.
A. they
B. which C. whatrget the day _____ we worked
together and the day _____ we spent together.
A. when; which B. which; when
C. what; that D. on which; when
5、That is the office ___ Lincoln once worked in.
A. where B. which C. what D. in which 6、Do you know the reason _____ he was late?
A. for which B. for what C. which D. what 7、That’s all ____ I want to tell you.
Attributive clauses 定语从句
Attributive clauses 定语从句一．语法讲解1. 定义：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句.先行词：被修饰的名词或代词关系代词、关系副词：引导定语从句的词关系代词：Who, whom, whose, which, that等关系副词：When, where, why等Eg. I’ve included some photos which will help you picture the places I talk about.2. 限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句1) 限定性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分，主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开; 引导词：关系代词和关系副词，作宾语时一些关系代词可以省略2) 非限定性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明，没有这种从句不影响主句意思完整.一般用逗号把主句和从句分开;引导词：who,whom,whose,which,of which,when,where等，不用that,不能省略3. 确定关系词的步骤（1）先找关系词，看先行词指的是什么。
（2）看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。
Eg. I’ll never forget the day when I saw you.I’ll never forget the day that/ which we spent together.4. 在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词宜用t hat而不用which（1）先行词被①形容词最高级②序数词③数词几种词修饰或被④only、any、few、little、no、all、one of 等修饰时。
（2）先行词为all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代词时。
（3）先行词中既有人又有物时。
He was looking pleasantly at te children and parcels that filled his bus.（4）先行词在主句中作表语关系词在从句中作表语时。
定语从句 the attributive clause
定语从句the attributive clause句子成分：主谓宾定状步表定语：定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。
主要有形容词，此外还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式（短语）、分词、定语从句或相当于形容词的词、短语或句子都可以作定语。
汉语中常用‘……的’表示。
概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
Eg, I like my school which is very beautiful.原因：当你用一个词不能尽情表达你想说的意思时，就用短语；如果短语还不能满足，就用从句。
先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
先行词+ 定语从句（名词/代词）+（关系词＋其他成分）关系词引导定语从句, 起着连接主从句，指代先行词和在从句中作句子成分的三重作用。
The girl who is standing there is Mary.注意：The woman is my mother.She is speaking at the meeting.The woman that/who is speaking at the meeting is my mother.因为关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的人称、数必须和先行词一致。
定语从句的分类：（1）限定性定语从句：与先行词关系密切，如果没有定语从句，主句含混不清，不完整。
限定性定语从句与先行词之间无逗号。
This is the house which we bought last month.（2）非限定性定语从句：是先行词的一个附加语，对先行词起进一步说明作用，如果删掉它，主句的意义仍然是完整的。
非限定性定语从句与先行词之间有逗号。
The house, which we bought last month,is very nice.在前三个例句中,定语从句与先行词关系密切,为限制性定语从句,不可用逗号将其与主句开。
经典Attributive clause
６．which引导的特殊疑问句，避免 7. Which is the book that/--- you bought? 重复只用that ７．当关系代词在从句中作表语时 It isn ’ t the beautiful pig that it was. 只用that，且不可以省
8. 它不再是以前那只漂亮的小猪了。
5．先行词与从句的主语构成所属关系 eg: He is the lawyer whose daughter went abroad. = the daughter of whom = of whom the daughter eg: 他们住在一间门是蓝色的房子里。 They live in a house whose door is blue. = the door of which = of which the door
3. the way作先行词： 主/宾语 which/that/---Is this the way
状语 in which/that/----
which/that/---- you told me? ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
in which/that/----you spoke at the meeting? ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 你就是以这种方式在会上讲话的吗？
１.先行词为one，ones，anyone， those，he时，只用who eg：He who laughs last laughs best. ２．在there be句型中，先行词为人 只用who
eg: 有个偷东西的人。 There is a man who is stealing.
１．当先行词被the same修饰时，填that 或as He wears the same hat ___I as bought last year. two hats (两顶帽子比较) This is the same hat _____I that lost last year. only one hat(就是那顶丢失的帽子) ２．当先行词被such, so修饰时，用as eg：Don’t read such books as you can’t understand.
attributive clause
1)The student who answered the question ___ was John . 2)He has a friend whose father is a doctor. ______ 3)A letter __________ is written in pencil is that/which difficult to read. 4)You can take anything _____you like. (that) (who/whom/that ) 5) Here is the man _______________you want to see. which/that 6)The book __________ was on the desk was bought by my father.
高中英语定语从句
Reporter:邹雪红
一. 概念：
(1) 定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的 从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行 词(antecedent)后面。 (2) 先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行 词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。 (3) 引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系 代词和关系副词。
四 先行词若表时间（如：time, day, week, year, month, etc.）关系词： 先行词为"时间名词"，可用when引导定语从句， when在定语从句中作状语；还可以用which或that 引导，which或that在从句中作主语或宾语。 I still remember the day when /on which my brother joined the army.（作状语） He would never forget the day when /on which he was saved by the doctor. He would never forget the day that/which we spent together last summer. （作宾语）
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关系代词的实质
Join the following sentences:
The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.
her The girl we saw
yesterday is Mary.
关系代词的实质
Join the following sentences:
1.A plane is a machine that/which can fly. 2.The boy who/that broke the window is called Tom.
the boy =who 关系代词实际上是先行词的复指
the machine = that
3.The boy whose/of which parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather.
(6)As的用法
在定语从句中，一般的从句关系代词是which、 who、whom、that、 whose, 其代替主句中的人 或物，在从句中做主语、宾语或定语。 一、as引导限制性定语从句 主要固定结构有： the same…as , such…as, as…as , so…as, 主句中出现the same, as, such, so修饰先行词，需 选择as做关系代词在定语从句中做主语或宾语。
Who is the girl that drove the car?
Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? (5)当先行词既有人又有物。 They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school. (6)先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much, the only, the very, the last, just, right等修饰。 I’ve read all the books that are not mine. This is the very book that belongs to him.
放在名词或代词后面，由关系代词或 关系副词引导的修饰该名词或代词的 从句叫定语从句。 被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
语法讲解
定语从句（the attributive clause）
在复合句中，充当_______ 形容词 用的从句是定语从句 ☆ 被定语从句限定的词是_______ ，引导定语从 “先行词” 句的词叫做 _____________________________ “关系代词(relative pronouns)” 或 __________________________________ 。 “关系副词(relative adverbs)”
1. It’s the same book as we wanted to find yesterday . 这和我们昨天寻找的那本书一样。 2. Such girls as he knows are good at English . 他所认识的女孩都擅长英语。 3. Do you have such books as we like ? 你有我们喜欢那种书吗？
(2)There be 句型中用that。 There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. (3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰。 This is the first book (that) he has read. This is the best film (that) I have ever seen. This is the first time (that) I am in Beijing. (4)先行词是who或which引导的主句。
2.非限制性定语从句:对先行词起补充说明作 用，先行词与定语从句往往用逗号隔开。 不能用that引导，引导词不能省略。
He has two sons, who works in the same company.(He has only two sons.)他有两个儿子， 他们在同一家公司上班。
先行词和关系词的关系
5. There is so warm a house as we want to live in . 这里有如此暖和的房子，我们都想住在里面。 6. He has so difficult a problem , as none of us can solve . 他有如此难的一个问题，我们没有人能解决。
Harry Porter is a boy who is smart.
先行词 关系词
定语从句
Relative pronouns Relative adverbs 关系代词 关系副词
which, who, whom, whose, that, as
where, when， why
二.定语从句的基本定义
特殊情况：that和which在指物的情况下一 般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下, 一般用 that而不用which。 (1) 限制性定语从句中先行词为all, few, everything, anything, nothing, none, little, some等不定代词指物时。(something用that 或which均可) Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said? There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world.
3. whose 在定语从句中作定语，与后面的 名词为所属关系。 whose多指人，也可指 物，指物时可与 of which互换使用。 1. He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 2. The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. =The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
(Attributive clause)
一、定语从句的转变 1.Harry Porter is a smart boy.
形容词作定语
Harry Porter is a boy who/that is smart.
句子作定语,修饰boy, 叫做定语从句
2.I have a big house. I have a house that/which is big.
注意避免重复
三. 引导定语从句的词： 关系代词和关系副词
1. 关系代词(relative pronouns)的基本用法
指代内容 that 人；物 which 物 who 人 whom 人 whose (人/物)的
所做成分 主语,宾语 主语,宾语 主语,宾语
宾语 定语
是否可省略 作宾语可省 作宾语可省 作宾语可省 可省 不可省
☆ 关系代词和关系副词有三大作用，即连接 （连接定语从句和主句）、替代（替代前面的 先行词）、成分（在定语从句中要充当一定的 句子成分）。
二. 定语从句的分类
1.限制性定语从句:对先行词起修饰限制作用;
He has two sons who work in the same company. （perhaps he has more than two sons.）他有两 个在同一家公司上班的儿子。
关系代词的实质
Join the following sentences:
The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.
关系代词的实质
Join the following sentences:
The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.
二、引导非限制性定语从句 ⑴ as引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句内容，从句 可置于句首，句中或句尾 1． As everyone knows ,China is a beautiful country with a long history . 每个人都知道，中国是一个有着悠久历史的美丽国家。 2． The earth , as we know , moves round the sun . 地球，我们都知道，围着太阳转。 3． Tom works hard and is willing to help others, as we all know. 汤母工作努力，并且乐于助人，这一点我们都知道。
The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.
The girl her we saw
yesterday is Mary.
关系代词的实质
Join the following sentences:
The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.
关系代词的实质
Join the following sentences: A plane is a machine. The machine can fly. A plane is a machine the machine can fly.
关系代词的实质
Join the following sentences: A plane is a machine. The machine can fly. A plane is a machine that /which can fly.
The girl we saw her yesterday is Mary.
关系代词的实质
Join the following sentences:
The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.