2016年黄浦区高三语文二模试卷word版
黄浦区高三语文二模试卷
黄浦区高三语文二模试卷姓名:________ 班级:________ 成绩:________一、选择题 (共4题；共11分)1. （4分）下列句子中，划线成语使用恰当的一句是（）A . 随着科学技术的进步，特别是最近400年的突飞猛进，大自然在一般人的心目中似乎已泾渭分明，不再神秘。
人们不再敬畏自然，凭借手中的科学技术，肆意改变环境。
B . 这位专家的回答让我有一种醍醐灌顶的感觉，实在没想到这个困扰我两年的问题他却理解得那么轻松。
C . 在施工过程中，因疏忽造成的安全事故如期而至，人员伤亡严重，救援队伍很快赶到现场，克服困难抢救危重人员，并对轻伤者进行了处理。
D . 在维也纳金色大厅，经常有不同肤色、不同语言的人们会聚在这里，他们各具民族风格与艺术特色的优美歌声在大厅内交相辉映，久久回荡。
2. （2分） (2015高二上·永昌期中) 下列各诗句所涉及的传统节日，依次对应正确的一项是（）①遥知兄弟登高处，便插茱萸少一人。
②东风夜放花千树，更吹落，星如雨。
③千门万户瞳瞳日，总把新桃换旧符。
④柔情似水，佳期如梦，忍看鹊桥归路。
⑤渚闹渔歌响，风和角棕香。
A . 重阳节元宵节春节七夕节端午节B . 春节重阳节元宵节冬至清明C . 重阳节春节元宵节七夕节冬至D . 元宵节春节端午节重阳节七夕节3. （2分） (2017高三上·徐州期中) 下列诗句中，与下图漫画的情境最吻合的一项是（）A . 月上柳梢头，人约黄昏后。
B . 月出惊山鸟，时鸣春涧中。
C . 疏影横斜水清浅，暗香浮动月黄昏。
D . 欲知别后思今夕，溪水东流是寸心。
4. （3分） (2017高三上·海安期中) 下列对有关名著的说明，不正确的两项是（）A . 《三国演义》故事起始阶段，刘备、关羽、张飞虽有英雄气度，能转战四方，但由于缺少具有宏观战略眼光的智谋之士，未能成就大业。
B . 《红楼梦》中，平儿心地善良，处事得体慎重。
上海市黄浦区2016届高三4月二模语文试卷 Word版无答案()
黄浦区2016年高三二模考试试卷一、阅读80分（一）阅读下文，完成第1一 6题.（17分）种子与土壤刘学谦①种子和土壤，二者之间关系密切。
植物的正常生长离不开种子和土壤等条件，如果土壤和种子等条件都非常适宜，植物就能茁壮成长。
只是土壤适宜，但种子不好；或者土壤不佳，光有优良的种子，植物的正常生长终究还是困难的。
另外，同样的种子，在不同的土壤环境中，最终生长的结果也有所不同，这就是所谓的‚橘生淮南则为橘，生于准则为枳‛。
②我们知道，人的身体是由无数个细跑组成，这些细胞就像一粒粒种子，通常情况下，这些种子因为有合适的土壤环境得以正常成长，形成身体所需要的细抱，顺利完成人体的新阵代谢，新的细胞不断取代衰老的细跑，以保持生命的延续。
这些正常的细跑构成了生命的基本单位。
另外还有一种细胞是癌细胞,癌细胞是怎么回事呢?它又是怎样产生的呢？③事实上，癌细胞和正常细胞一样，它们是同源而生的不同结果。
人体任何癌症也都是由细胞组成的，肿瘤体积的长大就是由于细胞不断分裂，数目增多而形成的。
1个细跑分裂为2个细胞，2个分裂4个细胞'，4个分裂为8个……由此可见，身体内癌细胞需要不断地生长，达到一定数目后，才能够被现代医学检查手段所发现，1厘米大小的肿瘤大约含有109个癌细胞。
而癌细胞在身体内要想不断地生长,就需要有适合它的体内环境和条件，比如营养物质、激素、调解信号传递、基面调控等，这些条件如果不理想或不合适，癌细胞生长也是会受到限制的。
④癌细胞的发展示一个过程,现代研究发现，人体内从-个细胞突变为癌细胞，到形成109个癌细胞大小的肿瘤，需要漫长的时间，—般大约15-20年的时间。
这说明癌症患者之所以出现癌细胞的生长，首先在于体内环境即土壤条件在很久以前就出现了一些微妙的变化，[]。
⑤通过以上介绍，应该知道防治癌症的关键是什么了，也就是要改变原来已经适合癌细胞生长的体内环堍，即土壤条件。
如果不能很好地纠正体内环境的污染，再怎么治疗也先难以从根本上解决问題。
【优质】2016年上海市黄浦区语文二模卷
黄浦区2012年高考模拟考语文试卷（150分钟完成，满分150分）2012.4.11考生注意：1．答案与作文全都写在答卷上，写在试卷上不给分。
2．答题时注意试卷题号和答卷题号一一对应，不能错位。
一、阅读（80分）（一）阅读下文，完成1- 6题。
（16分）卖桔者言张五常①作为一个研究价格理论的人，我对实证工作好之成癖。
要了解玉石市场的运作，我曾在广东卖玉。
在美国研究原油价格时，我曾到油田及炼油厂调查了好几个月。
理论若经不起实证的考验，是很难站得住的。
一个有实据在手的后起之秀，有时只要用三招两式，就可把一个纯理论的高手杀得片甲不留。
②香港年宵市场在年宵（除夕）的那一晚，需求的变动极快极大。
变动的方向大致上大家都预先知道。
1000块钱一枝的桃花可在几个钟头之间变得一文不值。
若不是买卖双方在期待上有了错误，上好的桃花哪会有弃于街头的明显浪费？同样一枝花，有人用200元买也有人用50元买，如何理解？年宵货品不断变动的价格是怎样决定的？买卖双方期待上的错误是怎样产生的？这些问题既困难又重要。
③要在这些问题上多一点了解，我决定在年宵的那一晚亲自卖桔。
这算是我第二次的经验。
第一次是一年前的年宵。
那次连天大雨，年宵当晚更是倾盆而下。
摆了数天的桔子十之八九都因雨水过多而掉了下来。
我知道大势已去，无心恋战，数十元一盆成本的四季桔，以5元清盘了事，蚀了数千元。
④今年卷土重来，也是意不在酒。
入货200多盆，每盆成本40元。
送了一小部分给亲友，余下大约二百盆就在年宵晚上8时起，在一个行人众多的空地盘出售。
我和三个朋友一起出售的是四季桔，邻近地盘少有卖桔的人，所以到凌晨三时半便将桔子全部卖出。
全部卖出并不一定有钱赚，赚钱与否是要看每盆桔子平均售价的高低。
在我们一定要全部卖出的局限下，入货的多少，价格转变的快慢，价格高低的分布，讨价还价的手法，都有很大的决定性。
我们200盆的平均售价大约是每盆55元（最高80元，最低20元）。
黄浦区2016届高三一模语文卷(附答案)
黄浦区2015 学年度第一学期高三年级期终调研测试语文试卷2016 年1 月4 日考生注意：1．答卷前，考生务必在答题卷上将自己的姓名等相关信息及准考证号填写清楚。
2．本考试设试卷和答题卷两部分，所有试题的答案及作文必须全部写在答题卷上，写在试卷上一律不给分；答题时应注意试题题号和答题卷题号一一对应，不能错位。
3．本试卷共6 页，试卷总分150 分，考试时间150 分钟。
一、阅读80 分（一）阅读下文，完成第1—6 题。
（17 分）唯有牡丹真国色刘夙①牡丹是中华名花，自唐代以来，它那雍容艳丽的硕大花朵就是吉祥富贵的象征，每当国运兴盛、社会繁荣的时候，牡丹热潮就会兴起，因此牡丹文化也成为盛世的象征。
北宋周敦颐脍炙人口的名篇《爱莲说》有言：“自李唐以来，世人甚爱牡丹。
”唐代对牡丹的热爱是全社会的风气，上至皇宫，下至民间，无不为它的华贵之气倾倒。
刘禹锡在七绝《赏牡丹》中说：“庭前芍药妖无格，池上芙蕖净少情。
唯有牡丹真国色，花开时节动京城。
”诗人竟不惜通过贬低芍药和荷花来赞美牡丹。
皮日休七绝《牡丹》中“落尽残红始吐芳，佳名唤作百花王”，更是将牡丹称为“花王”……②然而，这样一种富有文化传统堪为国花的著名花卉，□③牡丹是芍药科芍药属植物。
芍药属全世界一共有30 多种，除北美洲西部的两个种外都产自旧大陆。
这些旧大陆的种可以分成两组（在分类学上，“组”是界于属和种之间的分类单元）——牡丹组和芍药组。
尽管牡丹组和芍药组在花型上极其相似，但牡丹组是灌木，它们的茎高度地木质化，冬天地上部分只落叶不枯死，来年新叶和新枝直接从老枝上生出；芍药组则是亚灌木和草本植物，它们的茎只有基部木质化或完全为草质，冬天地上部分大都枯死或完全枯死，来年不得不从茎基上再生出新枝叶。
1972 年在甘肃武威旱滩坡汉墓出土的东汉初年的医药简上记载了一个药方，用到“牡丹二分”，这是可以确定的最早提及牡丹的文献，由此可见牡丹一开始只是被作为药材，大约从南北朝开始，牡丹渐渐得到栽培观赏，直到唐代，它才真正成为流行花卉。
2016年浦东区高三二模语文试卷
2016年浦东新区高三二模语文试卷一阅读80分（一）阅读下文，完成1—6题。
（1 6分）每个引进的名词术语都自带文化视角申小龙①一段时间以来，构建中国话语体系引起广泛关注。
中国话语有着丰富的内涵和外延，但就话语本身而言，是表达思想、观念、情感、文化的载体。
所以，当务之急是先从语言学的角度，把中国话语这个概念弄清楚。
②一个世纪前，我们的语言还属于古代范畴。
现代化之后引进了很多新的词语，导致我们的语言研究实际上是用欧洲的术语范畴分析中文，这就会碰到很多无法解决的问题。
比如语言学上用的最基本单位：词。
这是对英语word的翻译，中文中没有这样一个基本单位，只有“字”。
而“字”在现代语法结构中是没有任何价值的。
因为按照拼音文字，“字”只是一个书写单位，并不是语法上的基本单位，所以引入了欧洲语言中的“词”。
句子也是这样，句子的概念也是从欧洲翻译过来的。
古代汉语的“句”是“句读”的句，和我们现在理解的“句子”的“句”是两个概念，是完全不一样的。
③由此就给研究带来了很大困扰。
在语言学里，词是语法分析的基本单位，但是一旦引入了欧洲语言中的这个概念之后，它在中文中变得模糊不清，我们说不清楚汉语的词，就是当两个汉字被组合在一起的时候，究竟是词组还是词。
也就是说，我们往往搞不清楚还能不能再往下分析，不能确认它是不是语法分析的基本单位。
比如“睡觉”，是一个词，但是“睡”和“觉”在古代汉语中是两个单位，是可以拆开的，比如“睡了一个好觉”。
④在欧洲语言理论中，“字”是没有任何地位的，而我们现在渐渐认识到，中文语法肯定是要建立在字的基础上，而不是建立在词的基础上。
汉字的组合对于中文来说是有根本意义的，而这个意义在欧洲语法的视角中是看不见的，因为它们只认词。
这意味着整个现代汉语语法的基础是建立在西方范畴之上。
⑥由此可见，几乎所有欧洲术语拿到中国来以后都要打个问号。
当它们被用来分析中国文化的时候，可能都不是一个具有合法性的表述单位。
浦东新区2016高三语文二模试卷答案
19.第一个分句2分：定语后置1分；挟赀：带着钱财、礼物、东西都可以1分
第二分句1分：补充主语和宾语（山人叱责他，不接受他的钱财）
第三分句1分：已（不久、事后、事情结束之后都可以）
第四、五分句1分：秘（暗中、悄悄地、偷偷地
20.坚守节操（淡泊名利不慕富贵清高给分；洁身自好潇洒自如不给分）爱憎分明（公正严明善恶分明为人正直）诚信无欺仗义助人（伸张正义乐于助人不贪财富）。
评分细则：三个得分点：（1）通过举例，进一步论证中国人的思维方式和欧洲人具有根本性不同，（2）强调了要用中国本土的文化视角来分析中文，（3）使论证更具说服力。答对任意两点给2分。
5.概括文意，提炼关键词。“然而”一词提示可以分为两个方面。
评分细则：前一空：艰巨性、困难、现状，或以此为中心词适当展开都对。
后一空：必要性、迫切性、建议，或以此为中心词适当展开都对。
6.文中“好的汉语”的特点在第7、8段。评分思路按照四个层面考虑：1.评判哪一句好（1分）2.寻找文本依据（2分）3运用文本依据分析译文（1分）4.对另一句的分析（1分），因为题干中“更接近”的比较级，还是提示要从这个层面去分析。
评分细则：译文（2）更接近好的汉语（1分）好的汉语流畅，句短，意在言外，要依赖语境。音乐性强，有意象，富有诗意。（2分，原来要求答出7、8各一句话，现要求每一句话中有几个特点，只要答出任意一句就给2分）译文（2）语句流畅，语言简洁，短句排列，节奏明快，而“外”和“快”还押韵，富有音乐的美感。（1分）译文（1）句子拖沓冗长，缺乏节奏感。（1分）
（3）实写眼前夜半潮平（潮水退去），虚写诗人心情不平静（平息）
（4）用水面的静反衬情绪的动
（5）“潮平”照应“舟自横”，“意难平”照应“年年恨”
2016年上海市嘉定、宝山、长宁、青浦区高三二模语文试题(附答案与作文范文)
2016年高三年级第二次质量调研（二模）（嘉定、宝山、长宁、青浦）语文试卷考生注意：1．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求，所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
2．答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。
3．考试时间150分钟。
试卷满分150分。
一阅读80分（一）阅读下文，完成1—6题。
（17分）中医不必“死乞白赖”地宣称“我也是科学”江晓原①虽然传统医学几千年来一直卓有成效地呵护着中华民族的健康，但是从鸦片战争之后，西医挟欧风美雨之狂暴，君临华夏大地，将中医打得节节败退。
国民党统治时期，“取消中医论”一度甚嚣尘上。
新中国建立以来，中国政府一直对中医采取保护和扶持态度，这一态度迄今为止并无改变。
但是，这并不能阻止从理论上对中医的攻击，“取消中医论”居然重新出现，而某著名院士“中医是伪科学”的论断，更让广大中医界人士痛心疾首。
②中医面对这一攻击，能够做出的辩护，往往只是非常软弱无力地辩称“我也是科学”。
③其实，我们可以指出：如果中医不是科学，那西医也不是；如果西医是科学，那中医就也是。
④在西方现在的学科分类体系中，经常是科学、数学、医学三者并列，医学并不属于“科学”的范畴。
因为在这种分类中，“科学”是指天文学、物理学等等“精密科学”，而人类对人体奥秘所知仍非常之少，故医学远远没有达到“精密科学”的地步。
事实上，至迟到17世纪，西医仍然停留在与星占学、炼金术紧紧纠缠在一起的巫术阶段，那时西医中“□□□□”的信念与《黄帝内经》相比如出一辙。
⑤但是在中国，似乎人人——包括中医界的人士——都承认西医是科学，这是由于当初西医就是在强大的唯科学主义．．．．．语境下输入中国的，所以这个在西方至今也没有被视为科学的西医，到了中国却天经地义地成了科学。
⑥那么，如果使用宽泛一点的“科学”定义呢？在那样的定义中，就可以将西医包括进去。
但是，如果使用了宽泛的“科学”定义，那应该宽到何处呢？只要适度加宽“科学”的定义（比如“对自然界的有系统的知识”），马上就能将中医也包括进去，又怎么能再说“中医不是科学”呢？⑦此外，在这个问题上，许多人至今仍然习惯于一种一元价值观，即“是科学则存，非科学则亡”。
黄浦区二模试卷2016.4
黄浦区2016年高考模拟考历史试卷2016.4.14上午试卷总分150分，考试时间120分钟。
考生注意：1．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求；所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上；做在试卷上一律不得分。
2．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。
3．答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。
一、选择题（共75分）以下每小题2分，共60分。
每题只有一个正确选项。
1．以下是古代东方各文明地区的地理位置及其文化成就，其中搭配错误的是：A．苏美尔人王国-两河流域-楔形文字B．古代埃及-尼罗河流域-《汉穆拉比法典》C．古代中国-黄河与长江流域-青铜器D．古代印度-印度河与恒河流域-佛教2．“梭伦把他指定的法律公布在16块白色的牌子上，并公之于众，让所有公民与官员向宙斯发誓遵守这些法律，并为他的立法做了百年不许改变的规定。
”该事件：A．标志着罗马成文法正式诞生 B．适应了民主制发展的要求C．确立了城邦的民主政治制度 D．构建系统完备的法律体系3．426年，罗马帝国颁布《引证法》规定：凡在法律上遇到难题而成文法无明确规定时，则依照五大法学家(生活于二三世纪之交)的法律著述来解决。
若他们的著述观点有分歧，则以多数为准。
如不能形成多数，则以伯比尼安(五大法学家之一)的观点为准；如伯比尼安未有意见表示，则由执法者自行选择。
这则材料说明，在当时罗马帝国司法裁判中：A．五大法学家的意志可凌驾于法律之上 B．贵族意志等同于法律条文C．五大法学家的法律著述具有法律效力 D．执法者具有任意裁判之权4．西欧中世纪大学兴起的条件有：①城市复兴②商品经济活跃③市民阶层需要④教会支持A．①②B．③④C．①②③D．①②③④5．下图为安徽蚌埠市境内的钓鱼台遗址发掘现场，遗址中出土了大量西周时期的陶制圈足豆、鬲、爵以及砺石、石锛等生活器具，还出土了青铜镞、石镞和陶制纺轮、网坠等，其中两枚西周时期的玉璧，给考古专家带来意外和惊喜。
上海市黄浦区二模试题及答案
黄浦区2016年高考模拟考英语试卷（完卷时间：120 分钟满分：150 分）2016年4月14日下午第I卷（共103分）II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.(A)GarlicGarlic, a common seasoning found in many different types of food, has a long medical and mythical history. References to garlic (25)___________(find) in Chinese texts that are dated as far back as 3000 BC. The physician Hippocrates used garlic in ancient Greece (26)_________(treat) infections and physical disorders. In many parts of ancient world, garlic was thought to avoid unfriendly spirits, treat wounds (27)_______ ________ _______ protect against disease.Roman soldiers believed that garlic brought them courage and energy. They took it with them when they went into battle. Egyptians fed garlic to their servants when they built pyramids. They thought that it gave the workers strength. They also believed that garlic had magical and medicinal powers in the Middle Ages, people thought that garlic prevented the plague(瘟疫).People have praised the virtues of garlic for centuries. Garlic’s popularity began to decline in the early years of the twentieth century, but its reputation (28)_________(restore) in recent years. It is now a valuable cash crop in the state of California. Nearly a half-billion pounds of garlic are produced there each year. The city of Gilroy, California, considers (29)_________ the garlic capital of the world. Each year, the city hosts the Gilroy Garlic Festival in honor of the crop.Some doctors are studying garlic’s effects as a defense (30)_________ some forms of cancer. Others are exploring its possibilities for treating arthritis. Garlic has also received praise for its ability to lower high levels of cholesterol(胆固醇).(31)_________ some of the medicinal benefits of garlic have yet to be proven, it is certain(32)_________ many people enjoy the flavour that it adds to food.(B)The illegal sale and use of drugsDespite the respect of most Americans for law and the determination of the legal system to protect the rights of individuals, the United States, like all other countries, does experience crime. Especially in large cities, the crime rate (33)_______ be high.A high percentage of crime in the United States is directly related to the illegal sale and use of drugs. Drugs are smuggled into the country by (34)________(organize) groups despite intenseefforts by the government to stop the illegal drug trade. Drug abuse in the U.S. has come to be regarded as one of (35)________(challenging) social problems facing the nation. The drug issue always excites strong emotions of American (36)_________ drug abuse is regarded as a major threat to American society, particularly to its younger members. Drug abuse is a social problem as it has (37)_________ wide range of social costs. For example, drug is closely related with crime, automobile accidents. Those (38)__________ become addicted to drug use sometimes rob or break into houses or stores to steal money to pay for the drugs. It has serious effects on individuals physically and mentally, (39)_________ the economic losses caused by drug abuse are great.Drug use has caused great concern in the United States. The federal government has worked hard to stop the (40)___________(grow) of drug plants in other countries. It has also set up special agencies, sometimes working with agencies from other nations, to catch the smugglers outside and inside the United States. Teachers and many citizens work together to teach children about the dangers of drug use. Many government agencies in the states and private citizen groups work to help drug addicts give up their drug use and turn to useful lives.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Not so far in the distant past a study on water pollution found that common, everyday makeup products being washed down the drain was ending up in well and drinking water. Now a study has found that people pollute themselves. Many of the pollutants are linked to cancer and other serious health 41 . What’s the key cause of this pollution? Common household items, 42 ，appear to be used more by women than men. These include makeup, hair spray and commercial, chemically-made perfumes. These are perfumes that are 43 advertised as having some sort of beneficial effect on the body and are even suggested as a replacement for natural essential oils. Studies on the effectiveness of fragrance oils and health benefits have been 44 , something neglected to be mentioned. If the chemical scent has cancer-causing properties, it may not make sense to try and use it for helping you sleep or 45 your blood pressure. Manufacturers argue that the risk is non-existent as the levels of chemicals found in the tests were so small. However, with over 60 chemicals being found, many of which were non-existent before the turn of the century, researchers make note that these chemicals may be enough to cause problems.Since the products mentioned are often used by women, it leaves one to wonder if conditions, 46 unheard of before the turn of the century, are linked to man-made chemicals? Perfumes in particular, when chemical, have been linked to asthma(哮喘) and other sensitive 47 . Some groups are asking the government to order manufacturers to place 48 labels on each bottle.Essential oils and real fragrance oils provide a wonderful 49 to commercial fragrances. They also have other properties and effects on the body which have been scientifically proven. In addition, you can actually formulate your own scent quite easily! There are many books on perfume 50 and the use of essential oils, some quite in-depth and others rather fun. Nowadays there are also many companies making perfumes from pure essential oils.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Education plays an extremely important role in our life and deeply impacts the society. However, how does society influence education?Before understanding the influence of society on education, we must 51 society. Society is an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization. It is characterized by patterns of relationships between individuals. It is a group of individuals who 52 a common system of customs, values and laws. From the definition of society, it is clear that we human beings are its building 53 . As we interact with people, try to understand their thinking styles and 54 patterns, we soon realize that there is so much to learn from them. Society is the greatest 55 of education. Don’t you think so?We cannot 56 the impact of society on the education system alone. We need to understand the role of society in the 57 development of an individual. Even before we become a part of the education system, we start learning from our surroundings. And during the process of formal education, we 58 take ‘non-formal’ from society. Yes, our interactions with our fellow-beings, our observations about their social behaviour and our understanding of social norms 59 us to face life. True, educational 60 , like schools, colleges and universities play a very important role in our education. But, we cannot ignore the fact that we learn some of the important lessons of life from society. It would not be an exaggeration to say that the 61 process of learning begins at a point, which marks the end of institutional education. Learning, as an individual, from your interaction with society, is a vital part of education.Society plays an important role in education and influences it, both positively and negatively. Social inequalities and unhealthy educational practices are some of the 62 influences of society on our lives. Customs and traditions 63 certain sections of society from exercising their fundamental rights and block the well-being of society, shatter the basic ideas of educaiotn and social awareness. Some social groups deny women’s right to education, while others force children to work, depriving (剥夺) them from a healthy environment, conducive to their growth and development. Education is one of the basic human rights. If social norms deprive certain strata （阶层）of society form progressing in life and come in the way of social welfare, it 64 thepurpose of education.Society is an entity that cannot be separated from us. It is we who 65 the society. It is entirely in our hands whether to add value to our education or devalue it.51. A. know B. define C. recognize D. analyze52. A. share B. invent C. operate D. practice53. A. extents B. blocks C. designs D. expenses54. A. cultural B. traditional C. educational D. behavioral55. A. performer B. supervisor C. facilitator D. opponent56. A. resist B. resolve C. reserve D. restrict57. A. steady B. future C. lasting D. overall58. A. successfully B. desperately C. constantly D. surprisingly59. A. encourage B. impact C. prepare D. impose60. A. circumstances B. contributions C. environments D. organization61. A. actual B. external C. universal D. available62. A. realistic B. opposing C. practical D. invisible63. A. confirm B. cultivate C. maintain D. prevent64. A. fulfills B. highlights C. defeats D. describes65. A. depend on B. make up C. strive for D. deal with Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Extremophiles（极端微生物）are organisms that have been discovered on earth that survive in environments that were once thought not to be able to sustain life. These extreme environments include intense heat, highly acidic environments, extreme pressure and extreme cold. Different organisms have developed varying ways of adapting to these environments, but most scientists agree that it is unlikely that life on Earth originated under such extremes.Adapting to Extreme HeatIn the 1960s, heat resistant bacteria were discovered in hot springs in Yellowstone National Park. This bacteria,thrives at temperatures of 70°C but can survive temperatures of 50°C to 80°C.A few years after these were discovered, other bacteria were found living under even more extreme conditions. were discovered deep in the ocean and under such high pressure that the water boils at 340°C. It was a surprise to researchers to discover bacteria living and thriving in the vents at such extreme temperatures and pressures. Not only were there bacteria, but centimeters away where the water was cooler, was a complete ecosystem living off the bacteria. There were clams and among other species.Adapting to Extreme ColdOther extremophiles have developed ways to cope with cold. Deep ocean water is as a fairly constant temperature of 2°C, but because of its salt content, in colder areas, ocean water can reach temperatures as low at -12°C without freezing. Extremophiles known as（低温微生物）are known to survive at these low temperatures. Different species have come up with different ways to survive these cold temperatures. Some have developed substances, such as glycerol（甘油）or antifreeze proteins which lower the freezing point of water by several degrees.The main danger to organisms of freezing is the damage caused by ice crystals as water freezes and expands. Some species of frogs and turtles have proteins which actually facilitate the freezing of body liquids. If the animal’s body liquids begin to freeze, a chain reaction is started and all of the body’s liquids freeze rapidly. This prevents the formation of ice crystals large enough to do any damage. Many kinds of microorganisms can survive freezing and thawing, as long as the problem of ice crystals is avoided.66. An “ecosystem”(paragraph 2) can be best described as __________.A. an interacting community that contains both living and non -living organismsB. a large collective term for animals that eat bacteriaC. different types of plants and animals that cooperate for foodD. the place where temperatures and conditions are dangerous and extreme67. The formation of large ice crystal is dangerous mostly because ___________.A. the animal can no longer breathe, and nutrient can’t be carried around the bodyB. proteins cause the animal’s body liquids to freezeC. the freezing and expansion of water could damage the animal’s organsD. the temperature inside the animal becomes too cold to survive in68. Which of the following statements is FALSE according to the passage?A. Extremophiles live in environments other organisms cannot survive in.B. Extremophiles can survive in both acidic and high pressure environments.C. The thermophile lives in extremely high temperatures.D. Fresh water has a constant temperature of around 2° C.69. The purpose of this article is to _____________.A. amuse and entertain scientistsB. provide a personal opinion about an issueC. educate and inform readersD. predict the beginning of evolution Gray LineDiscover Brisbane and surrounds with Gray Line Brisbane. Theirwide range of tours in air -conditioned coaches, combined with theguide’s expert knowledge, ensures a day to remember.Brisbane City Morning Tour( tour B481)Departs : daily 9:00 am. Returns :11:45 am. Discover this vibrant city with its charming architecture, colonialhistory and enjoy the sweeping views of the city and Brisbane River from Kangaroo Point Cliffs. · Cathedral Square ·Parliament House · Windmill ·Anzac Square ·City Hall ·Chinatown ·Captain Cook and Story BridgeAdult Concession Child $69 $67 $45 Brisbane Highlights with Koala Sanctuary (tour B492) Departs: daily 1:15 pm. Returns: 5:00 pm.Tour the highlights of Brisbane and travel to Lone Pine Koala Sanctuary situated on the banks of the Brisbane River for a chance to get up close and personal with the animals.· Queen Street Mall ·Southbank · Anzac Square · Suncorp Stadium · Brewery · Lone Pine Koala Sanctuary and presentation · Mt Cootha LookoutAdult Concession Child $76 $74 $54 Sunshine Coast and Noosa( tour B464)A. Sunshine Coast and Montville Tour and Brisbane Highlights with Koala Sanctuary TourB. Brisbane City Morning Tour and Brisbane Highlights with Koala Sanctuary TourC. Brisbane City Morning Tour and Sunshine Coast and Noosa TourD. Sunshine Coast and Noosa Tour and Sunshine Coast and Montville Tour71. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. Visitors may learn the colonial history of Brisbane River from Kangaroo Point Cliffs.B. Visitors may have a close look at animals in Sunshine Coast and Noosa Tour.C. If you want to visit Underwater World, you may choose Brisbane City Morning Tour.D. If 2 adults and 2 children, aged 3 and 9, attend tour B410, they should pay $ 281.72. What is the tone of this tour guide information booklet?A. Welcoming and humorous.B. Warm and inviting.C. Modest and initiative.D. Casual and compulsory.(C)When I returned to the common, the sun was setting. The crowd around the hole had increased, and stood out black against the lemon yellow of the sky—a couple of hundred people, perhaps. There were really, I should think, two or three hundred people elbowing one another, the one or two ladies there being by no means the least active. “He’s fallen in the hole!” cried someone. “Keep back!” said several. The crowd moved a little, and I elbowed my way through. Everyone seemed greatly excited. I heard a peculiar humming sound from the hole.“I say!” said Ogilvy; “help keep these idiots back. We don’t know what’s in the puzzling thing, you know!”The end of the cylinder(圆柱体) was being screwed out from within. I turned, and as I did so the screw（螺丝钉）must have come out, for the lid of the cylinder fell upon the ground with a ringing shock. For a moment that circular cavity seemed perfectly black. I had the sunset in my eyes.I think everyone expected to see a man emerge—possibly something a little unlike us earthly men, but in all essentials a man. But, looking, I presently saw something exciting within the shadow: clumsy movements, one above another, and then two disc-like eyes. Then somethingresembling a grey snake, about the thickness of a walking stick, climbed up out of the twisting middle, and moved in the air towards me—and then another.A sudden chill came over me. I stood frightened and staring.A big gray rounded bulk, the size, perhaps, of a bear, was rising slowly and painfully out of the cylinder. As it bulged up and caught the light, it looked like wet leather.Anyone who has never seen a living Martian can scarcely imagine the strange horror of its appearance. The peculiar V-shaped mouth with its pointed upper lip, the absence of brow ridges, the Gorgon groups of tentacles(触手), the unstable breathing of the lungs in a strange atmosphere, the evident heaviness and painfulness of movement due to the greater gravitational energy of the earth—above all, the extraordinary intensity of the huge eyes, which was unforgettable—were at once vital, intense, inhuman, and monstrous. There was something fungoid in the oily brown skin, something in the clumsy deliberation of the tedious movements unspeakably nasty. Even at this first encounter, this first glimpse, I was overcome with disgust and dread.73. Why was the crowd “elbowing one another” according to paragraph 1?A. There were no officials to control them.B. They were curious and wanted to get a good view of the hole.C. They were angry and trying to push people into the hole.D. They were trying to get away from the hole in fear.74. The Martian shocked the narrator because__________.A. it did not look like the other Martians that had arrived earlierB. it arrived on Earth in a strange and nasty-looking cylinderC. it was moving surprisingly slowly for a MartianD. like most people, he had thought it would resemble a human75. A “sudden chill”（paragraph 5）came over the narrator because________.A. the Martian was heading directly towards the crowdB. a cold tentacle had almost reached the narratorC. he saw the Martian’s terrifying features as it climbed out of the cylinderD. the sun had set and he suddenly noticed the night-time chill76. What did the narrator find most impressive about the creature?A. The horrible shape of its mouth and face.B. Its long and strange tentacles.C. The way it moved in the Earth’s atmosphere.D. Its unusual large and intense eyes.77. The description of the Martians implies that they are _______.A. cute and charmingB. friendly and cooperativeC. frightening and probably dangerousD. ugly but unluckily misunderstoodSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Although many companies offer tuition reimbursement(偿付), most companies reimburse employees only for classes that are relevant to their positions. This is a very limiting policy. A company that reimburses employees for all college credit course—whether job related ornot—offers a service onot only to the employees, but to the entire company.One good reason for giving employees unconditional tuition reimbursement is that it shows the company’s dedication to its employees. In today’s economy, where job security is a thing of the past and employees feel more and more expendable, it is important for a company to demonstrate to its employees that it cares. The best way to do this is to make investments in them.In return, this dedication to the betterment of company employees will create greater employee loyalty. A company that puts out funds to pay for the education of its employees will get its money back by having employees stay with the company longer. It will reduce employ turnover(流动), because even employees who don’t take advantage of tuition reimbursement program will be more loyal to their company, just knowing that their company cares enough to pay their education.Most importantly, the company that has an unrestricted tuition reimbursement program will have higher quality employees. Although these companies do indeed run the risk of losing money on employees who go on to another job in a different company as soon as they get their degree, more often than not, the employees will stay with the company. And even if employees do leave after graduation, it generally takes several years to complete any degree program. Thus, even if the employee leaves upon graduating, throughout those years, the employer will have a more sophisticated, more intelligent, and therefore more valuable and productive employee. And, if the employee stays, that education will doubly benefit the company: Not only is the employee more educated, but now that employee can be promoted so the company doesn’t have to fill a high-level vacancy from the outside. Open positions can be filled by people who already know the company well.Though unconditional tuition reimbursement requires a significant investment on the employer’s part, it is perhaps one of the wisest investments a company can make.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. According to the passage, what is unrestricted tuition reimbursement?79. A company gives employees unconditional tuition reimbursement in order to___________.80. Two most important results of unconditional tuition reimbursement are that the companies will probably____________.81. If the employee stays after graduation, he will bring the company more benefits because___________.第II卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 在假期学生也能使用图书馆。
2016年上海市黄浦区高考语文二模试卷(含详解与写作范文)
2016年上海市黄浦区高考语文二模试卷一、阅读80分1．（17分）阅读下文，完成下列各题（珠穆朗玛峰）东绒布冰川雪线高度引起我的兴趣。
它的雪线高度达到了海拔6200米，是全世界雪线最高的地方。
所谓雪线，就是永久性积雪的下限。
用术语说，就是冰雪积累和消融相抵，平衡了的地方。
按道理，雪线应该从低纬度地区向高纬度地区逐渐降低。
所以，雪线最高的地方，应该在赤道地区的雪山上，如乞力马扎罗雪山，但我们知道，乞力马扎罗雪山的高度才是5895米，雪线大约在5000米的地方，其他地区的雪线按理只能低于这个高度。
在东绒布冰川上，我们已经爬过了非洲最高峰乞力马扎罗雪山的5895米的高度，但这里仍然没有冰雪。
这是一种奇怪的现象：想想看，在非洲赤道那么热的地方，5000米左右的地方就已经白雪皑皑了，可是在北纬28度的珠穆朗玛峰峰区，6000多米的东绒布冰川旁的高山上竟还留不住冰雪。
最先注意到这一现象并给予解释的是德国地理学家洪堡。
他认为之所以出现这种现象，是因为青藏高原的“热岛效应”。
我们知道地面的温度，并不是直接来自太阳光，而是由地面先吸收太阳的短波辐射，再将热量以长波的形式辐射出来。
青藏高原高耸于地表之上，体量巨大，能够吸收和辐射出巨大的热量。
因此导致青藏高原上雪山的雪线比同纬度甚至赤道上的高山的雪线还高。
关于雪线还有一个奇特的现象，按道理，雪山南坡的雪线应该高于北坡，因为南坡向阳，纬度更低，但事实是喜马拉雅山北坡的雪线比南坡高得多。
其南坡雪线虽然各有差异，但大体在海拔4500～5000米范围，北坡雪线大体在海拔5500﹣6000米之间。
之所以产生这种现象，是因为喜马拉雅山南坡正对着印度洋，从印度洋上涌来的水汽被喜马拉雅山高大的山体所截，在南坡形成丰沛的降水，因此南坡冰川冰雪补给充分，补给和融化的平衡线即雪线大大降低。
而水汽越过喜马拉雅山脊到达北坡，已成强弩之末，以致北坡的冰川无法获得丰富的冰雪补给，融化的力量大于冰川向下运动的力量，因此雪线上移。
2016年杨浦区高三语文二模试卷(附答案)
杨浦区2015学年度第二学期高三年级学业质量调研（2016年4月）一、阅读（80分）（一）阅读下文，完成1-6题。
（18分）⑴摄影和绘画都是通过平面描绘造成视觉上的空间立体感。
它们解脱了物质实体占有的空间，压缩为平面来表现,作用于欣赏者视觉感受习惯。
不仅如此，由于作者在作品中熔铸了自己对生活的思考，表达了自己的喜怒哀乐和爱憎情感，因而能唤起欣赏者的情感体验，引起欣赏者的联想，造成超越对象以外的道德力量和艺术意蕴，使有限的瞬间形象收到了无限的效果。
⑵摄影和绘画要在生活的长河连续不断流动的时空过程中，捕捉带有典型意义的瞬间，把要表现的内容，选择一定的空间，用物化手段凝定下来，构成具有完美精神风貌和本质意义的艺术形象。
⑶摄影和绘画可以把彼此交错的事物、多形体的各式形态、流动变幻的动作、人的内心情绪和五色纷呈的风光，通过色彩、线条、影调，在一张平面图上并列地展现出来，构成和谐完美的整体。
摄影和绘画作品的这种视觉的直观性，使人们能够把丰富多彩的生活空间一目了然地接受下来。
⑷摄影和绘画所使用的物质媒介材料存在着很大的差异。
摄影是科技文明的产物，摄影艺术对科技和设备有很大的依赖性。
而绘画不同，它所用的媒介材料是颜料、画笔和画布（纸），科技含量低。
画家的画笔没有直接成像的能力。
照相机可以将形象直接摄取下来，而不必经过描绘阶段，原因在于摄影有光学技术和机械技术作为支撑，而绘画却没有，这样就造成了摄影家与画家在技术内涵上的分别。
画家的技术是一种“手艺”，而摄影家的技术则是掌握、控制照相机和暗室处理技术的能力。
摄影对设备有严格的要求，所以摄影对设备的依赖，归根到底是对科技的依赖，每一张好的照片，都是技术和艺术成功的结合。
⑸一般而言,绘画和摄影都是通过光影色、点线面造型手段去塑造视觉形象。
但从物理本质上看，绘画上的“光”只是一种比喻的说法，是用颜料构成的色彩和以色彩表现出来的“光的幻觉”；摄影的光却是真正意义上的光，“是光的物理学、化学感应所造成的影调和色彩”。
2016上海市高三语文二模试卷(带答案)
2016上海市高三语文二模试卷（带答案）2016年徐汇（松江、金山）区高三二模语文试卷一阅读 80分（一）阅读下文，完成第1-6题。
（17分）数字化时代的艺术①艺术被复制技术弄得身不由己，并非是电脑出现以后才有的事情。
②早期欧洲用羊毛挂毯来复制油画，织毯工人用各种颜色的经纬线对应画面上相应的色素，只是羊毛毯子太贵，织得起挂毯的也就请得起画师了。
随后出现的铜版画使更多的人可以分享到艺术品，但这也只是一种权宜之计。
与原作相比，这些复制品在质量上相差太远，数码方式出现之前的复制术都是一种有损复制，所以它们的冲击力远远小于今天的数字化复制。
③摄影技术的兴起，至少在两方面对艺术产生了影响：一是它取代了绘画的写实职能，甚至在摹物象形的功能上，摄影比绘画要强大得多；二是它具有可复制性，不但可以用来复制绘画，它自身就是可复制品。
这两点根本上改变了我们对绘画的传统要求。
即使在绘画的装饰功能方面，摄影也部分的抢了绘画的饭碗，至少像明信片风景和鲜花之类，摄影和绘画同样广受欢迎。
【甲】有着几千年传统的绘画必须要存在下去，【乙】不能以传统的方式来延续，【丙】绘画被迫重新思考了自己的存在意义。
现代主义艺术就是在这样的思考中诞生的。
④也许今天的绝大多数人和艺术的第一次接触就是从摄影获得的。
比方每个受过教育的中国人可能都知道《蒙娜丽莎》，但他们看到的大都是这幅画的印刷品。
数码复制的影响在于，它不仅在复制的精度上更为出色，对这一复制品的再复制也不会导致损耗――它从技术上消解了原作的概念，会导致艺术品价格上翻天覆地的变化。
由于成功的传播所建立的广泛的知名度，也许会极大地刺激人们对原作的需求；但另一种业已成为现实的趋势是，完美的复制降低了对原作的需求，如果人们可以轻易地从网络上下载质量完全一样的图片或音乐，他们为什么还要额外花钱购买呢？这将直接影响到艺术生存下去的方式。
⑤数码复制带来的又一个问题是艺术消费群体的改变。
以前的艺术实际上都是为某个特定的对象而生产的，壁画是为教堂画的，圣像画是为老百姓画的，肖像是中产阶级的需求。
上海市(长宁、宝山、嘉定、青浦)四区2016届高三质量调研测试(二模)语文试题(解析版)
上海市（长宁、宝山、嘉定、青浦）四区2016届高三质量调研测试（二模）语文试题阅读下文，完成后面的问题。
中医不必“死乞白赖”地宣称“我也是科学”江晓原①虽然传统医学几千年来一直卓有成效地呵护着中华民族的健康，但是从鸦片战争之后，西医挟欧风美雨之狂暴，君临华夏大地，将中医打得节节败退。
国民党统治时期，“取消中医论”一度甚嚣尘上。
新中国建立以来，中国政府一直对中医采取保护和扶持态度，这一态度迄今为止并无改变。
但是，这并不能阻止从理论上对中医的攻击，“取消中医论”居然重新出现，而某著名院士“中医是伪科学”的论断，更让广大中医界人士痛心疾首。
②中医面对这一攻击，能够做出的辩护，往往只是非常软弱无力地辩称“我也是科学”。
③其实，我们可以指出：如果中医不是科学，那西医也不是；如果西医是科学，那中医就也是。
④在西方现在的学科分类体系中，经常是科学、数学、医学三者并列，医学并不属于“科学”的范畴。
因为在这种分类中，“科学”是指天文学、物理学等等“精密科学”，而人类对人体奥秘所知仍非常之少，故医学远远没有达到“精密科学”的地步。
事实上，至迟到17世纪，西医仍然停留在与星占学、炼金术紧紧纠缠在一起的巫术阶段，那时西医中“□□□□”的信念与《黄帝内经》相比如出一辙。
⑤但是在中国，似乎人人——包括中医界的人士——都承认西医是科学，这是由于当初西医就是在强大的唯科学主义语境下输入中国的，所以这个在西方至今也没有被视为科学的西医，到了中国却天经地义地成了科学。
⑥那么，如果使用宽泛一点的“科学”定义呢？在那样的定义中，就可以将西医包括进去。
但是，如果使用了宽泛的“科学”定义，那应该宽到何处呢？只要适度加宽“科学”的定义(比如“对自然界的有系统的知识”)，马上就能将中医也包括进去，又怎么能再说“中医不是科学”呢？⑦此外，在这个问题上，许多人至今仍然习惯于一种一元价值观，即“是科学则存，非科学则亡”。
与此相对应的是两个极其简单幼稚的观念：一、不是科学就是伪科学；二、对伪科学就要斩尽杀绝。
2016高考二模语文试卷及答案要点
2016年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试（二）2016．4第Ⅰ卷阅读题甲必考题一、现代文阅读（9分，每小题3分）阅读下面的文字，完成1～3题。
《人民文学》杂志把我的两篇文章放在“非虚构”栏目，无意间使其获得了一种命名和意义。
但是，它首先要面对的就是非虚构在文学中的合法性问题，也即“真实” 在文学中的合法性问题。
就文学而言，“真实”是一个很奇怪的词语。
在通行的文学标准中，“真实”只是最低级的文学形式。
韦勒克在《文学理论》中谈到现实主义时认为，“现实主义的理论从根本上讲是一种坏的美学，因为一切艺术都是…创作‟，都是一个本身由幻觉和象征形式构成的世界” 。
“真实”从来都不是艺术的标准。
但是，必须注意到，韦勒克所反对的“现实”和“真实”是就其最基本意义而言的，是指物理意义的现实和真实。
“那儿有一朵玫瑰花”，这是物理真实，但这还不是文学。
文学要求比物理真实更多的真实，“那儿是哪儿？庭院、原野、书桌？谁种的，或谁送的？那玫瑰花的颜色、形态、味道是什么样子？”这才进入文学的层面，因为关于这些会是千差万别的叙述。
即使是非虚构写作，也只能说：我在尽最大努力接近“真实”。
在“真实”的基础上，寻找一种叙事模式，并最终结构出关于事物本身的不同意义和空间，这是非虚构文学的核心。
非虚构文本并不排斥叙事性，相反，这也是它的必由之路。
上世纪50年代至70年代的美国出现了大量的非虚构作品，“一种依靠故事的技巧和小说家的直觉洞察力去记录当代事件的非虚构文学作品的形式”。
非虚构文学融合了新闻报道的现实性与细致观察及小说的技巧与道德眼光——倾向于纪实的形式，倾向于个人的坦白，倾向于调查和暴露公共问题，并且能够把现实材料转化为有意义的艺术结构，着力探索现实的社会问题和道德困境。
一个最基本的逻辑是，只有在你声称自己是进行非虚构写作时，你才面临着“是否真实”的质疑。
假借“真实” 之名，你赢得了读者的基本信任，并因此拥有了阐释权和话语权。
它使你和你的作品获得了某种道德优势，更具介入性、影响力和批判性。
206年上海市黄浦区二模试题及答案
黄浦区2016年高考模拟考英语试卷（完卷时间：120 分钟满分：150 分）2016年4月14日下午第I卷（共103分）II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)GarlicGarlic, a common seasoning found in many different types of food, has a long medical and mythical history. References to garlic (25)___________(find) in Chinese texts that are dated as far back as 3000 BC. The physician Hippocrates used garlic in ancient Greece (26)_________(treat) infections and physical disorders. In many parts of ancient world, garlic was thought to avoid unfriendly spirits, treat wounds (27)_______ ________ _______ protect against disease.Roman soldiers believed that garlic brought them courage and energy. They took it with them when they went into battle. Egyptians fed garlic to their servants when they built pyramids. They thought that it gave the workers strength. They also believed that garlic had magical and medicinal powers in the Middle Ages, people thought that garlic prevented the plague(瘟疫).People have praised the virtues of garlic for centuries. Garlic’s popularity began to decline in the early years of the twentieth century, but its reputation (28)_________(restore) in recent years. It is now a valuable cash crop in the state of California. Nearly a half-billion pounds of garlic are produced there each year. The city of Gilroy, California, considers (29)_________ the garlic capital of the world. Each year, the city hosts the Gilroy Garlic Festival in honor of the crop.Some doctors are studying garlic’s effects as a defense (30)_________ some forms of cancer. Others are exploring its possibilities for treating arthritis. Garlic has also received praise for its ability to lower high levels of cholesterol(胆固醇).(31)_________ some of the medicinal benefits of garlic have yet to be proven, it is certain(32)_________ many people enjoy the flavour that it adds to food.(B)The illegal sale and use of drugsDespite the respect of most Americans for law and the determination of the legal system to protect the rights of individuals, the United States, like all other countries, does experience crime. Especially in large cities, the crime rate (33)_______ be high.A high percentage of crime in the United States is directly related to the illegal sale and use of drugs. Drugs are smuggled into the country by (34)________(organize) groups despite intense efforts by the government to stop the illegal drug trade. Drug abuse in the U.S. has come to be regarded as one of (35)________(challenging) social problems facing the nation. The drug issue always excites strong emotions of American (36)_________ drug abuse is regarded as a major threat to American society, particularly to its younger members. Drug abuse is a social problem as it has (37)_________ wide range of social costs. For example, drug is closely related with crime, automobile accidents. Those (38)__________ become addicted to drug use sometimes rob or break into houses or stores to steal money to pay for the drugs. It has serious effects on individuals physically and mentally, (39)_________ the economic losses caused by drug abuse are great.Drug use has caused great concern in the United States. The federal government has worked hard to stop the (40)___________(grow) of drug plants in other countries. It has also set up special agencies, sometimes working with agencies from other nations, to catch the smugglers outside and inside the United States. Teachers and many citizens work together to teach children about the dangers of drug use. Many government agencies in the states and private citizen groups work to help drug addicts give up their drug use and turn to useful lives.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Not so far in the distant past a study on water pollution found that common, everyday makeup products being washed down the drain was ending up in well and drinking water. Now a study has found that people pollute themselves. Many of the pollutants are linked to cancer and other serious health 41 . What’s the key cause of this pollution? Common household items, 42 ，appear to be used more by women than men. These include makeup, hair spray and commercial, chemically-made perfumes. These are perfumes that are 43 advertised as having some sort of beneficial effect on the body and are even suggested as a replacement for natural essential oils. Studies on the effectiveness of fragrance oils and health benefits have been 44 , something neglected to be mentioned. If the chemical scent has cancer-causing properties, it may not make sense to try and use it for helping you sleep or 45 your blood pressure. Manufacturers argue that the risk is non-existent as the levels of chemicals found in thetests were so small. However, with over 60 chemicals being found, many of which were non-existent before the turn of the century, researchers make note that these chemicals may be enough to cause problems.Since the products mentioned are often used by women, it leaves one to wonder if conditions, 46 unheard of before the turn of the century, are linked to man-made chemicals? Perfumes in particular, when chemical, have been linked to asthma(哮喘) and other sensitive 47 . Some groups are asking the government to order manufacturers to place 48 labels on each bottle.Essential oils and real fragrance oils provide a wonderful 49 to commercial fragrances. They also have other properties and effects on the body which have been scientifically proven. In addition, you can actually formulate your own scent quite easily! There are many books on perfume 50 and the use of essential oils, some quite in-depth and others rather fun. Nowadays there are also many companies making perfumes from pure essential oils.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Education plays an extremely important role in our life and deeply impacts the society. However, how does society influence education?Before understanding the influence of society on education, we must 51 society. Society is an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization. It is characterized by patterns of relationships between individuals. It is a group of individuals who 52 a common system of customs, values and laws. From the definition of society, it is clear that we human beings are its building 53 . As we interact with people, try to understand their thinking styles and 54 patterns, we soon realize that there is so much to learn from them. Society is the greatest 55 of education. Don’t you think so?We cannot 56 the impact of society on the education system alone. We need to understand the role of society in the 57 development of an individual. Even before we become a part of the education system, we start learning from our surroundings. And during the process of formal education, we 58 take ‘non-formal’from society. Yes, our interactions with our fellow-beings, our observations about their social behaviour and our understanding of social norms 59 us to face life. True, educational 60 , like schools, colleges and universities play a very important role in our education. But, we cannot ignore the fact that we learn some of the important lessons of life from society. It would not be an exaggeration to say that the 61 process of learning begins at a point, which marks the end of institutional education. Learning, as an individual, from your interaction with society, is a vital part ofeducation.Society plays an important role in education and influences it, both positively and negatively. Social inequalities and unhealthy educational practices are some of the 62 influences of society on our lives. Customs and traditions 63 certain sections of society from exercising their fundamental rights and block the well-being of society, shatter the basic ideas of educaiotn and social awareness. Some social groups deny women’s right to education, while others force children to work, depriving (剥夺) them from a healthy environment, conducive to their growth and development. Education is one of the basic human rights. If social norms deprive certain strata （阶层）of society form progressing in life and come in the way of social welfare, it 64 the purpose of education.Society is an entity that cannot be separated from us. It is we who 65 the society. It is entirely in our hands whether to add value to our education or devalue it.51. A. know B. define C. recognize D. analyze52. A. share B. invent C. operate D. practice53. A. extents B. blocks C. designs D. expenses54. A. cultural B. traditional C. educational D. behavioral55. A. performer B. supervisor C. facilitator D. opponent56. A. resist B. resolve C. reserve D. restrict57. A. steady B. future C. lasting D. overall58. A. successfully B. desperately C. constantly D. surprisingly59. A. encourage B. impact C. prepare D. impose60. A. circumstances B. contributions C. environments D. organization61. A. actual B. external C. universal D. available62. A. realistic B. opposing C. practical D. invisible63. A. confirm B. cultivate C. maintain D. prevent64. A. fulfills B. highlights C. defeats D. describes65. A. depend on B. make up C. strive for D. deal withSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Extremophiles（极端微生物） are organisms that have been discovered on earth that survive in environments that were once thought not to be able to sustain life. These extreme environments include intense heat, highly acidic environments, extreme pressure and extreme cold. Different organisms have developed varying ways of adapting to these environments, but most scientists agree that it is unlikely that life on Earth originated under such extremes.Adapting to Extreme HeatIn the 1960s, heat resistant bacteria were discovered in hot springs in Yellowstone National Park. This bacteria, thermus aquaticus thrives at temperatures of 70°C but can survivetemperatures of 50°C to 80°C. A few years after these were discovered, other bacteria were found living under even more extreme conditions. Hydrothermal vents (热水流火山口) were discovered deep in the ocean and under such high pressure that the water boils at 340°C. It was a surprise to researchers to discover bacteria living and thriving in the vents at such extreme temperatures and pressures. Not only were there bacteria, but centimeters away where the water was cooler, was a complete ecosystem living off the bacteria. There were clams and tubeworms among other species. Adapting to Extreme ColdOther extremophiles have developed ways to cope with cold. Deep ocean water is as a fairly constant temperature of 2°C, but because of its salt content, in colder areas, ocean water can reach temperatures as low at -12°C without freezing. Extremophiles known as psychrophiles（低温微生物） are known to survive at these low temperatures. Different species have come up with different ways to survive these cold temperatures. Some have developed substances, such as glycerol（甘油）or antifreeze proteins which lower the freezing point of water by several degrees.The main danger to organisms of freezing is the damage caused by ice crystals as water freezes and expands. Some species of frogs and turtles have proteins which actually facilitate the freez ing of body liquids. If the animal’s body liquids begin to freeze, a chain reaction is started and all of the body’s liquids freeze rapidly. This prevents the formation of ice crystals large enough to do any damage. Many kinds of microorganisms can survive freezing and thawing, as long as the problem of ice crystals is avoided.66. An “ecosystem”(paragraph 2) can be best described as __________.A. an interacting community that contains both living and non-living organismsB. a large collective term for animals that eat bacteriaC. different types of plants and animals that cooperate for foodD. the place where temperatures and conditions are dangerous and extreme67. The formation of large ice crystal is dangerous mostly because ___________.A. the animal can no longer breathe, and nutrient can’t be carried around the bodyB. proteins cause the animal’s body liquids to freezeC. the freezing and expansion of water could damage the animal’s organsD. the temperature inside the animal becomes too cold to survive in68. Which of the following statements is FALSE according to the passage?A. Extremophiles live in environments other organisms cannot survive in.B. Extremophiles can survive in both acidic and high pressure environments.C. The thermophile lives in extremely high temperatures.D. Fresh water has a constant temperature of around 2° C.69. The purpose of this article is to _____________.A. amuse and entertain scientistsB. provide a personal opinion about an issueC. educate and inform readersD. predict the beginning of evolutionAdult Concession Child$69 $67 $4570. If you wish to complete two tours in one day, you would probably choose________.A. Sunshine Coast and Montville Tour and Brisbane Highlights with Koala Sanctuary TourB. Brisbane City Morning Tour and Brisbane Highlights with Koala Sanctuary TourC. Brisbane City Morning Tour and Sunshine Coast and Noosa TourD. Sunshine Coast and Noosa Tour and Sunshine Coast and Montville Tour71. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. Visitors may learn the colonial history of Brisbane River from Kangaroo Point Cliffs.B. Visitors may have a close look at animals in Sunshine Coast and Noosa Tour.C. If you want to visit Underwater World, you may choose Brisbane City Morning Tour.D. If 2 adults and 2 children, aged 3 and 9, attend tour B410, they should pay $ 281.72. What is the tone of this tour guide information booklet?A. Welcoming and humorous.B. Warm and inviting.C. Modest and initiative.D. Casual and compulsory.(C)When I returned to the common, the sun was setting. The crowd around the hole had increased, and stood out black against the lemon yellow of the sky—a couple of hundred people, perhaps. There were really, I should think, two or three hundred people elbowing one another, the one or two ladies there being by no means the least active. “He’s fallen in the hole!”cried someone. “Keep back!” said several. The crowd moved a little, and I elbowed my way through. Everyone seemed greatly excited. I heard a peculiar humming sound from the hole.“I say!”said Ogilvy; “help keep these idiots back. We don’t know what’s in the puzzling thing, you know!”The end of the cylinder(圆柱体) was being screwed out from within. I turned, and as I did so the screw（螺丝钉）must have come out, for the lid of the cylinder fell upon the ground with a ringing shock. For a moment that circular cavity seemed perfectly black. I had the sunset in my eyes.I think everyone expected to see a man emerge—possibly something a little unlike us earthly men, but in all essentials a man. But, looking, I presently saw something exciting within the shadow: clumsy movements, one above another, and then two disc-like eyes. Then something resembling a grey snake, about the thickness of a walking stick, climbed up out of the twisting middle, and moved in the air towards me—and then another.A sudden chill came over me. I stood frightened and staring. A big gray rounded bulk, the size, perhaps, of a bear, was rising slowly and painfully out of the cylinder. As it bulged up and caught the light, it looked like wet leather.Anyone who has never seen a living Martian can scarcely imagine the strange horror of its appearance. The peculiar V-shaped mouth with its pointed upper lip, the absence of brow ridges, the Gorgon groups of tentacles(触手), the unstable breathing of the lungs in a strange atmosphere, the evident heaviness and painfulness of movement due to the greater gravitational energy of the earth—above all, the extraordinary intensity of the huge eyes, which was unforgettable—were at once vital, intense, inhuman, and monstrous. There was something fungoid in the oily brown skin, something in the clumsy deliberation of the tedious movements unspeakably nasty. Even at this first encounter, this first glimpse, I was overcome with disgust and dread.73. Why was the crowd “elbowing one another” according to paragraph 1?A. There were no officials to control them.B. They were curious and wanted to get a good view of the hole.C. They were angry and trying to push people into the hole.D. They were trying to get away from the hole in fear.74. The Martian shocked the narrator because__________.A. it did not look like the other Martians that had arrived earlierB. it arrived on Earth in a strange and nasty-looking cylinderC. it was moving surprisingly slowly for a MartianD. like most people, he had thought it would resemble a human75. A “sudden chill”（paragraph 5）came over the narrator because________.A. the Martian was heading directly towards the crowdB. a cold tentacle had almost reached the narratorC. he saw the Martian’s terrifying features as it climbed out of the cylinderD. the sun had set and he suddenly noticed the night-time chill76. What did the narrator find most impressive about the creature?A. The horrible shape of its mouth and face.B. Its long and strange tentacles.C. The way it moved in the Earth’s atmosphere.D. Its unusual large and intense eyes.77. The description of the Martians implies that they are _______.A. cute and charmingB. friendly and cooperativeC. frightening and probably dangerousD. ugly but unluckily misunderstoodSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Although many companies offer tuition reimbursement(偿付), most companies reimburse employees only for classes that are relevant to their positions. This is a very limiting policy. A company that reimburses employees for all college credit course—whether job related or not—offers a service onot only to the employees, but to the entire company.One good reason for giving employees unconditional tuition reimbursement is that it shows the company’s dedication to its employees. In today’s economy, where job security is a thing of the past and employees feel more and more expendable, it is important for a company to demonstrate to its employees that it cares. The best way to do this is to make investments in them.In return, this dedication to the betterment of company employees will create greater employee loyalty. A company that puts out funds to pay for the education of its employees will get its money back by having employees stay with the company longer. It will reduce employ turnover(流动), because even employees who don’t take advantage of tuition reimbursement program will be more loyal to their company, just knowing that their company cares enough to pay their education.Most importantly, the company that has an unrestricted tuition reimbursement program will have higher quality employees. Although these companies do indeed run the risk of losing money on employees who go on to another job in a different company as soon as they get their degree, more often than not, the employees will stay with the company. And even if employees do leaveafter graduation, it generally takes several years to complete any degree program. Thus, even if the employee leaves upon graduating, throughout those years, the employer will have a more sophisticated, more intelligent, and therefore more valuable and productive employee. And, if the employee stays, that education will doubly benefit the company: Not only is the employee more educated, but now that employee can be promoted so the company doesn’t have to fill a high-level vacancy from the outside. Open positions can be filled by people who already know the company well.Though unconditional tuition reimbursement requires a significant investment on the employer’s part, it is perhaps one of the wisest investments a company can make.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. According to the passage, what is unrestricted tuition reimbursement?79. A company gives employees unconditional tuition reimbursement in order to___________.80. Two most important results of unconditional tuition reimbursement are that the companies will probably____________.81. If the employee stays after graduation, he will bring the company more benefits because___________.第II卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 在假期学生也能使用图书馆。
上海市黄浦区高三第二学期第三次模拟考试语文试卷(Word版,含答案)
上海市黄浦区高三第二学期第三次模拟考试语文试卷一、阅读（80分）（一）阅读下文，完成1-6题。
（16分）“雾都”？“霾都”？①在中国古代，雾是重要的审美意象，“雾失楼台，月迷津渡，桃源望断无寻处”、“薄雾浓云愁永昼，瑞脑消金兽”，无数与雾有关的诗词佳句千古流传；在中国大地上，也有诸多的地方以雾而著称：新安江上的“白沙奇雾”，天柱山上的“雾潮云浪”，泰山、黄山、庐山、峨眉山没有哪座名山不是以雾为奇绝的。
那些被古代文人墨客反复吟诵赞美的“纯粹”的雾，在现代的城市里已经渐行渐远，笼罩在今天都市里更多的是“霾”。
不知从何时起，“雾都”已变成“霾都”！②除了这些以雾闻名的风景胜地，中国还有一座城市也以雾而著称，这就是“雾都”重庆。
大雾起时，城内山色尽消，江岸不分，整个山城进入了“空山不见人，但闻人语响”的神秘境界，又仿佛是一幅意境悠远、气韵绵长的水墨山水画卷③重庆多雾的原因可以从地理环境中找到解答，因为它地处四川盆地的东部，四面群山环抱，长江、嘉陵江在此交汇，空气温暖湿润，地面风速很低，江水蒸发不易扩散，是雾形成的有利条件，潮湿的空气容易达到饱和状态而凝结成雾。
④ 20世纪50年代，重庆市的年平均雾日数达103天，不到四天中就有一天是雾天，而最多一年达到了148天将近一半都是雾天，有世界雾都之称的英国伦敦年平均雾日只有94天，远东雾都的日本东京也只有55天。
重庆是名副其实的“雾都”。
样看来重庆的雾多，果然名不虚传。
不过，另一组数据又让我产生了疑惑：重庆气象部门统计发现，近50年来，重庆的雾在减少，20世纪70、80年代重庆年平均雾日数在50天左右，到90年代就减少到30—40天了。
⑤可是，重庆几乎每天还都是雾蒙蒙的。
这又是为什么呢？⑥气象学上对雾的定义是：近地面空气中的水汽凝结成大量悬浮在空气中的微小水滴或冰晶，导致水平能见度低于1公里的天气现象。
这种解释较为生涩，雾还有一种充满诗意的形象解读：“云是飘在天上的雾，雾是落在地上的云。
上海模考题真题-黄浦区高三语文第二次模拟考试测试题
精锐教育学科教师辅导讲义讲义编号：学员编号：年级：高三课时数：3学员姓名：辅导科目：语文学科教师：学科组长签名及日期教务长签名及日期课题黄浦区语文第二次模拟考试测试题授课时间：年月日备课时间：年月日教学目标重点、难点考点及考试要求教学内容一、阅读（80分）（一）阅读下文，完成1—6题。
（17分）说园（节选）(1)中国园林妙在含蓄，一山一石，耐入寻味立峰是一种抽象雕刻品，美人峰细看才像。
九狮山亦然。
鸳鸯厅的前后梁架，形式不同，不说不明白，一说才恍然大悟，竟寓鸳鸯之意。
奈何今天有许多好心肠的人，惟恐游者不了解，水池中装了人工大鱼，熊猫馆前站着泥塑熊猫，如做着大广告，与含蓄两字背道而驰，失去了中国园林的精神所在，真太煞风景。
鱼要隐现方妙，熊猫馆以竹林引胜，渐入佳境，游者反多增趣味。
过去有些园名，如寒碧山庄、梅园、网师园，都可顾名思义，园内的特色是白皮松、梅、水。
尽人皆知的西湖十景，更是佳例。
亭榭之额真是赏景的说明书。
拙政园的荷风四面亭，人临其境，即无荷风，亦觉风在其中，发人遐思。
而对联文字之隽永，书法之美妙。
更令人一唱三叹，徘徊不已。
镇江焦山顶的别峰庵，为郑板桥读书处，小斋三间，一庭花树，门联写着“室雅无须大；花香不在多”。
游者见到，顿觉心怀舒畅，亲切地感到景物宜人，博得人人称好，游罢个个传诵。
至于匾额，有砖刻、石刻，联屏有板对、竹对、板屏、大理石屏，外加石刻书条石，皆少用画面，比具体的形象来得曲折耐味。
其所以不用装裱的屏联，因园林建筑多敞口，有损纸质，额对露天者用砖石，室内者用竹木，皆因地制宜而安排。
住宅之厅堂斋室，悬挂装裱字画，可增加内部光线及音响效果，使居者有明朗清静之感，有与无，情况大不相同。
当时宣纸规格、装裱大小皆有一定，乃根据建筑尺度而定。
(2)园林中曲与直是相对的，要曲中寓直，灵活应用。
曲直自如。
画家讲画树，要无一笔不曲，斯理至当。
曲桥、曲径、曲廊，本来在交通意义上，是由一点到另一点而设置的。
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黄浦区2016年高三二模考试试卷一、阅读80分（一）阅读下文，完成第1一 6题.（17分）种子与土壤刘学谦①种子和土壤，二者之间关系密切。
植物的正常生长离不开种子和土壤等条件，如果土壤和种子等条件都非常适宜，植物就能茁壮成长。
只是土壤适宜，但种子不好；或者土壤不佳，光有优良的种子，植物的正常生长终究还是困难的。
另外，同样的种子，在不同的土壤环境中，最终生长的结果也有所不同，这就是所谓的‚橘生淮南则为橘，生于准则为枳‛。
②我们知道，人的身体是由无数个细跑组成，这些细胞就像一粒粒种子，通常情况下，这些种子因为有合适的土壤环境得以正常成长，形成身体所需要的细抱，顺利完成人体的新阵代谢，新的细胞不断取代衰老的细跑，以保持生命的延续。
这些正常的细跑构成了生命的基本单位。
另外还有一种细胞是癌细胞,癌细胞是怎么回事呢?它又是怎样产生的呢？③事实上，癌细胞和正常细胞一样，它们是同源而生的不同结果。
人体任何癌症也都是由细胞组成的，肿瘤体积的长大就是由于细胞不断分裂，数目增多而形成的。
1个细跑分裂为2个细胞，2个分裂4个细胞'，4个分裂为8个……由此可见，身体内癌细胞需要不断地生长，达到一定数目后，才能够被现代医学检查手段所发现，1厘米大小的肿瘤大约含有109个癌细胞。
而癌细胞在身体内要想不断地生长,就需要有适合它的体内环境和条件，比如营养物质、激素、调解信号传递、基面调控等，这些条件如果不理想或不合适，癌细胞生长也是会受到限制的。
④癌细胞的发展示一个过程,现代研究发现，人体内从-个细胞突变为癌细胞，到形成109个癌细胞大小的肿瘤，需要漫长的时间，—般大约15-20年的时间。
这说明癌症患者之所以出现癌细胞的生长，首先在于体内环境即土壤条件在很久以前就出现了一些微妙的变化，[]。
⑤通过以上介绍，应该知道防治癌症的关键是什么了，也就是要改变原来已经适合癌细胞生长的体内环堍，即土壤条件。
如果不能很好地纠正体内环境的污染，再怎么治疗也先难以从根本上解决问題。
常常有这样的癌症病人，病灶很小，手术切除也及时，木后也进行了强有力的化疗或放疗，但是癌细胞却‚疯狂地生长和扩散着‛。
此时身体内流动的血液中几乎都充满了癌细胞，并扩散到身体的每—个席落，这就标志着患者者身体的这块土壤是十分有利于癌细胞种子生长的。
⑥为什么会出现这样的结果呢？关健是在采用各种治疗的同时，只注重专杀癌细胞，而忽略了保护我们体内的环境，这些治疗虽然暂时控制了癌细胞的增长，但却导致了体内环境的进一步破坏，为癌细胞的‚死灰复燃‛创造了更好的土壤条件。
反之，有的癌症病人发现时已经属于晚期，医学上已经失去任何治疗的可能性，但是病人的癌细胞并不像预期的那样快速生长，甚至还会奇迹地出现肿瘤越来越小，最后直至消失的情况，这就提示病人此时体内的土壤发生了改变，变成了不利于癌细胞这样的种子生长，于是才出现这个结果，这也是我们常说的：‚癌自愈‛现象。
⑦谈了那么多关于癌的话题，那么‚癌症‛到底是什么呢？我们认为‚癌症‛不是一种细胞，也不是痰或瘀。
‚癌症‛是—种狀态，叫作‚癌状态．．．‛。
这是一种人体内部五脏六腑之间失衡的状态。
要想预防和控制癌细胞生长，就必须改变‚癌状态‛，改变产生‚癌细胞‛的‚癌环境‛，调节五脏六腑的功能状态，恢复人体的脏腑平衡，使气血调和，达到人体内部环境的协调，杜绝‚癌细胞‛生存的土壤，从根本上控制癌细胞转移和扩散。
⑧实践表明，现代的治疗，无论手术、化疗和放疗，均是治标之法，这些攻击性手段只是暂时从表面上杀伤了癌细胞，同时，又进一步导致体内环境的恶化，加剧‚癌状态‛，从而为癌的转移复发埋下了伏笔。
因此，想要开启癌症治疗大门，就必须从‚癌状态‛入手。
关注癌细胞这颗种子与体内环境即土壤的关系。
1.把下列语句组织起来填入第④段的方框内，语意连贯的一项是（）。
（2分）①导致癌细胞的产生②同时由于体内环境长时间持续恶化③癌症就发生了④癌细胞因此得以迅速发展壮大⑤使这种土壤条件更适合癌细胞快^生长A.③⑤②①④B.③②④⑤①C.①③②⑤④D.①②⑤④③2.联系文章内容，为第⑦段加点词语“癌状态”下定义：3.下列分析有误的一项是()(2分）A.文章第③段主要运用了列数字的说明方法，说明癌细胞的特点。
B. 第⑥段运用作比较说明方法，说明癌症治疗需要关注体内的环境C.本文作为一篇事理性说明文，在说明的过程中，逻辑顺序清晰D.全文以“土壤和种子”作类比，说明正常细胞和癌细的关系4.第③段和第⑦段画线句表达的意思是否矛盾？试具体分析。
（3分）5.作为说明文，本文语言有哪些特点？请举例分析。
(4分）6. 联系全文，概括癌细胞的特点。
（3分）（二）阅读下文，完成7-11题。
（19分）不值一文的奶奶（德国）布莱希特①我爷爷去世时，奶奶已经七十二岁了。
爷爷在巴登的一个小城里开一家小小印刷场，死前和两三个助手在厂里工作。
奶奶操劳家务，不雇女佣，照管着荒凉破落的老屋，为大人和孩子们煮饭烧菜，为了孩子们，她年复一年的消瘦下去.孩子中有两个姑娘带美国去了，两个儿子也离了家。
只有最小的一个因为体弱多病，在小城里。
他是印刷工人，已成了家，家里人口很多。
爷爷去世时，老家只有奶奶一个人。
②孩子们写信来，问起她今后打算怎样生活，有的请她去住。
做印刷工人的小儿子則希望带着家人一起搬到她屋子里去。
可是老奶奶一一拒绝了他们的建议，只希望每个孩子在能力所及的范围内稍稍捎些钱来。
这家印刷厂早已过时，几乎没什么生意，甚至负了债。
孩子们来信说，她不能独个儿住着，但她硬是不同意；他们只好屈服，每月寄给她一小笔款子.她想，反正做印刷工人的小儿子还住在这个小城里呢。
③印刷工人有时也写信给哥哥和姐姐，向他们谈谈母亲的情况。
有一次我爹写信问他，奶奶最近干些什么，他的回答只是寥寥数语，说她常去看电影。
看电影在当时可不是一件普通的事，在她子女的心目中尤其如此。
三十年前的电影同今天的不一样，它总是在设备简陋、通风不良的场所放映，广告上面画着凶杀和恋爱悲剧的惨相。
到那里去的只是少年，或者是一对对贪图光线黑暗的情侣。
孤零零的一个老太婆去那儿，必然十分引人注目。
这种娱乐在等级上跟吃甜食相差无几，这就等于‚瞎花钱‛，瞎花钱尽不光彩的。
④还得说一句，我奶奶不但不经常跟她本地的儿子联系，而且也没有任何熟人去看她或邀请她。
她从来不赴小城的咖啡茶会，却常常到一个补鞋匠的工场里去。
工场坐落在一条声名狼藉的小巷里，特别在下午，总有各式各样不大正派的人闲坐着。
补鞋匠是个中年人，曾游历世界各地，但结果一无所得，跟这种人交往，对老奶奶来说无论如何是有失身份的。
印刷工人在一封信中说，他曾同母亲谈过这件事，但得到的却是冷冷的回答。
‚他看到些什么了？‛这就是她的答复，谈话就此中断。
和我奶奶商谈她不愿听从的事，可不是就这么简单呢。
⑤在爷爷死后半年左右，印刷工人写信给我爹说，他母亲现在隔天就要在饭店里吃饭。
2这消息多么令人震惊！奶奶一生本来为一家十余口煮饭烧菜，吃的一直只是一些残羹，如今却上饭店吃喝起来了！她究竞怎么啦？不久我爹出差到家乡附近一带，于是去探望他的母亲。
他去看奶奶时，奶奶正想出门。
她重新把帽子放下，给他斟一杯红葡萄酒，并給他吃干面包片。
她看去镇定自若既没有特别兴奋，也并非默不作声。
她问起我们大家的情况，当然没有问气特别详细，她关心孩子们是否有樱桃吃。
她还跟过去一模一样。
房间自然一尘不染，她看上去也挺健康。
⑥我爹在叙馆里租一个房间，等着奶着奶邀他到家里去住，但她始终置之不理。
看来她要和家庭生活一刀两断，现在想走一条适合自己脾胃的新路。
我爹的脾气很好，既然看到奶奶十分愉快，就对我叔父说，一切听由老太太自便吧。
可她究竟想干什么呢！根据下一步报导，她已订了一辆‚布雷克‛，想到一个什么地方去远足。
⑦‚布雷克‛是一种大型高轮马车，坐得下整整一家人。
过去有几次，当我们做孙子孙女的去看爷爷时，爷爷曾租了这种‚布雷克‛马车。
当时奶奶一直待在家里，她不屑地把手一挥，拒绝一起去.这次奶奶乘了‚布雷克‛马车去K城旅行。
K城是个大城市，乘火车约两小时才到。
印刷工人现在简直惊惶失措了，他真想请一位医师。
我爹看信时摇着头，位不主张请医师.。
我奶奶不是独个儿去K城的，有一个姑娘伴她同行。
印刷工人信里说，姑娘是个傻里傻气的人是老奶奶隔天去吃饭的那家饭店里的厨师助手。
她带奶奶去看电影，到那个皮鞋的铺子里去.。
传说这两个女人在厨房里一面玩牌，一面喝红葡萄酒。
‚现在她替那个‘怪姑娘’买一顶帽子，上面还有玫瑰花，‛印刷工人灰心绝望地说，‚而咱们的安娜连圣餐时穿的衣服都也有!‛叔父的信写得歇斯底里气十足，信里一个劲儿数落着我们亲爱的奶奶，而且丝毫不肯让步。
⑧实际上，我奶奶在最后几年，生活上一点也不宽裕。
不上饭店时，她一般吃少许蛋制品，喝些咖啡，主要吃她喜欢的干面包片。
为此，她破费买些便宜的红葡萄酒，每餐总要喝上一小杯。
她屋子收拾得很干净----不仅仅收拾她所住的卧室和所用的厨房。
⑨某一个秋日早晨，老奶奶突然在卧室里去世了，她活到七十四岁，她去世时只有那位‚怪姑娘‛陪伴在她的身边……7.小说第①段交代奶奶以往生活状况的用意是。
（3分）8.对小说中奶奶“新生活”的行为，分析正确的一项是（）（3分）A.常到补鞋匠工场，奶奶能在这里得到适当消遣放松B.隔天到饭店吃饭，就为能尝尽以往不曾吃过的美味。
C.乘“布雷克”旅行，说明奶奶的心境与以往不同D.为“怪姑娘”买帽子，感谢孤独无助时姑娘的陪伴9.“小儿子”的形象对主题的表达极具表现力，请结合描写加以赏析，(5分）10.联系全文，分析小说题目“不值一文的老奶奶”的深刻内涵。
（4分）11.网友们对老奶奶的形象反应强烈。
有网友说这个老太婆太固执，也有网友说这老奶奶真酷！你如何看待位老奶奶,想对她说些什么(限用第二人称表达)(4分）(三）默写（任选六空）（6分）【注：考生答题超过6空，按前6空顺序评分】12.(1)，英俊沉下僚。
（左思《咏史》）(2) 念去去千里烟波，。
（柳永《雨霖怜》）(3) ,任重而道远。
（《论语》七则）|⑷，此时无声胜有声•（白居易琶行（并序)》(5) 无丝竹之乱耳，。
（刘禹锡《陋室铭》）(6)，鱼鳖不可胜食也。
（孟子之于国也》）(7) 独学而无友，。
（《礼记》）(8) 为客正道无雁处，。
（曹松《南海旅次》）(四）阅读下面的宋词，完成第13—15题。
（8分）水调歌头定王台（南宋）袁去华雄跨洞庭野，楚望古湘州。
何王台殿？危基百尺自西刘。
尚想霓旌千骑，依约入云歌吹，屈指几经秋。
叹息繁华地,兴废两悠悠。
登临处，乔木老，大江流。
书生报国无地，空白九分头。
一夜寒生关塞，万里云埋陵阙，耿耿恨难休。
徙倚霜风里,落日伴人愁。
13.“水调歌头”是这首词的。
（1分）14. 对本词分析不正确的一项是（）（3分）A.开头时空综览，为全词奠定昂扬豪迈的基调B.以问答的形式点题，唤起对古台旧事的追忆。