普四

Part ⅣReading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)(25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to sel ect one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the p assage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in th e bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on An swer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Shopping habits in the United States have changed greatly in the last quarter of the 20th century. Early in the 1900s most American towns and cities had a Main Street. Mai n Street was always the 47 of a town. This street was lined on the both sides with many 48 businesses. Here, shoppers walked into stores to look at all sorts of merchandise: clot hing, furniture, hardware, groceries. In addition, some shops offered 49 . There shops incl uded drugstores, restaurants, shoe repair stores, and barber or hairdressing shops. But in th e 1950s, a change began to 50 place. Too many automobiles had crowded into Main Stre et while too few parking places were 51 to shoppers. Because the streets were crowded, merchants began to look with interest at the open spaces outside the city limits. Open spa ce is what their car driving customers 52 . And open space is what they got when the fi rst shopping centre was built. Shopping centers, or rather malls, 53 as a collection of sma ll new stores away from crowded city centers. Attracted by hundreds of free parking spac e, customers were drawn away from 54 areas to outlying malls. And the growing 55 of s hopping centers led in turn to the building of bigger and better stocked stores. By the late 1970s, many shopping malls had almost developed into small cities themselves. In additi on to providing the 56 of the stop shopping, malls were transformed into landscaped park s, with benches, fountains, and outdoor entertainment.[A]designed [F]convenience [K]cosmetics[B]take [G]services [L]started[C]heart [H]fame [M]downtown[D]needed [I]various [N]available[E]though [J]popularity [O]cheapnessSection A【全文翻译】在20世纪最后四分之一期间，美国的购物习惯发生了重大变化。

20世纪初期，美国大部分的城市和城镇都有一个往往作为城镇中心的主要街道。

街道两旁排列着许多各种各样的商店。

在这里，顾客们步入商店，搜寻各种各样的商品：衣服、家具、五金和杂货。

另外，有些商店还提供服务。

这里的商店有药店、餐馆、修鞋店和理发店。

但是，二十世纪五十年代开始出现了一种变化：主街道涌入了太多的汽车，却没有顾客停车的地方。

由于街道变得拥挤不堪，商人们便开始格外注意城市界限之外的开阔地。

开阔地是驾车的顾客所需要的，也是商人们建设首个购物中心时所考虑的。

购物中心，或者说是购物商场，开始在拥挤的城市中心之外建起许多小型的新商店。

受许多免费停车场的吸引，顾客们被从市区吸引到郊区的购物商场。

购物中心变得越来越流行，转而建立起更大更好的商店。

二十世纪七十年代后期，许多购物中心几乎发展成了小城市。

除了提供停车购物的便利之外，购物中心也变成了景观公园，拥有坐椅、喷泉和户外娱乐设施。

【答案解析】47.【解析】[C]本句意为主大街通常是一个城镇的中心。

根据下文停车困难也可知应该为“中心”h eart。

48.【解析】[I]这条街道排成一列，街道两边都是各式各样的商店。

various 意为“不同的、各种各样的”。

49.【解析】[G]另外，一些商店还提供服务。

提供服务可用固定的搭配offer services。

50.【解析】[B]所填词只有take 才能与后面的词place搭配，take place 为固定词组，意为“发生”。

But in the 1950s, a change began to take place 意为20世纪50年代开始发生变化。

51.【解析】[N]主街道充斥着太多的汽车，却没有地方给顾客停车。

available 意为“可用到的、可利用的”，这里指没有可用的地方给顾客停车。

52 【解析】[D]本句意为空旷的空间是开车的顾客所需要的，故用needed。

53.【解析】[L]Shopping centers, or rather malls, started as a collection of small new stores away from crowded city centers. 远离拥挤的城市中心很多小型的新商场聚集在一起构成了大规模购物中心。

start 在此处是开业的意思。

54.【解析】[M]customers were drawn away from downtown areas to outlying malls.顾客们被从市中心区吸引到郊区的购物商场。

市中心区即用downtown 一词。

55.【解析】[J]购物中心越来越流行，popularity即普及、流行之意。

56.【解析】[F]购物中心除了提供停车的便利之外，还提供其他服务。

提供便利即用p rovide convenience。

Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some q uestions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C]and [D].You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter o n Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Culture is one of the most challenging elements of the international marketplace. This system of learned behavior patterns characteristic of the members of a given society i s constantly shaped by a set of dynamic variables: languag e, religion, values and attitudes, manners and customs, aest hetics, technology, education, and social institutions. To cop e with this system, an international manager needs both fac tual and interpretive knowledge of culture. To some extent, the factual knowledge can be learned; its interpretation co mes only through experience.The most complicated problems in dealing with the cu ltural environment stem from the fact that one cannot learn culture—one has to live it. Two schools of thought exist in the business world on how to deal with cultural diversit y. One is that business is business the world around, follo wing the model of Pepsi and McDonald’s. In some cases, globalization is a fact of life; however, cultural differences are still far from converging.The other school proposes that companies must tailor business approaches to individual cultures. Setting up polici es and procedures in each country has been compared to a n organ transplant; the critical question centers around acce ptance or rejection. The major challenge to the internationa l manager is to make sure that rejection is not a result of cultural myopia or even blindness.Fortune examined the international performance of a d ozen large companies that earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas. The internationally successful companies all share an important quality: patience. They have not ru shed into situations but rather built their operations carefull y by following the most basic business principles. These principles are to know your adversary, know your audience, and know your customer.57.According to the passage, which of the following is true?[A]All international managers can learn culture.[B]Business diversity is not necessary.[C]Views differ on how to treat culture in business w orld.[D]Most people do not know foreign culture well.58.According to the author, the model of Pepsi.[A]is in line with the theories that the business is busi ness the world around[B]is different from the model of McDonald’s[C]shows the reverse of globalization[D]has converged cultural differences59.The two schools of thought.[A]both propose that companies should tailor business approaches to individual cultures[B]both advocate that different policies be set up in di fferent countries[C]admit the existence of cultural diversity in business world[D]both A and B60.This article is supposed to be most useful for those.[A]who are interested in researching the topic of cultu ral diversity[B]who have connections to more than one type of cu lture[C]who want to travel abroad[D]who want to run business on International Scale61.According to Fortune, successful international compa nies.[A]earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas[B]all have the quality of patience[C]will follow the overseas local cultures[D]adopt the policy of internationalizationSection BPassage One【全文翻译】文化是国际商业中最具是挑战性的因素之一。