Europe’s_Economic_Crisis_Hits_Developing_Countries
英国文学史及选读第二册
4. Features of Victorian novels In this period，the novel became the most widely read & the most vital & challenging expression of progressive thought. While sticking to the principle of faithful representation of the 18th-century realist novel, novelists in this period carried their duty forward to the criticism of the society & the defense of the mass. Although writing from different points of view & with different techniques, they shared one thing in common, that is, they were all concerned about the fate of the common people. They were angry at the inhuman social institutions, the decaying social morality as represented by the moneyworship & Utilitarianism & the widespread misery, poverty & injustice. Their truthful depiction of people’s life & bitter & strong criticism of the society had done much in awakening the public consciousness to the social problems & in the actual improvement of the society. Victorian literature, in general, truthfully represents the reality & spirit of the age. The high-spirited vitality, the down-to-earth earnestness, the good-natured humor & unbounded imagination are all unprecedented. In almost every genre it paved the way for the coming century, where its spirits, values & experiments are to witness their bumper harvest.
欧盟发展历程英文
欧盟发展历程英文The Development of the European UnionThe European Union (EU) has undergone significant development since its establishment in the aftermath of World War II. This supranational organization, initially founded as the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) in 1951, aimed to ensure peace and stability in Europe by integrating key sectors of the economies of its member states.In 1957, the Treaties of Rome established the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC). The EEC sought to establish a common market among its member states, promoting the free movement of goods, services, capital, and people. Over time, the EU expanded its scope to encompass various policy areas, including agriculture, transportation, and regional development.In 1993, the Maastricht Treaty marked a significant milestone in the development of the EU. It transformed the EEC into the European Union and laid the foundation for the euro, the single currency shared by most EU member states. The treaty also established the pillars of the EU's political integration, encompassing foreign and security policies, as well as cooperation in judicial and home affairs.The EU continued to expand in the 2000s, with several waves of enlargement bringing in new member states from Central and Eastern Europe. This expansion strengthened the EU's role as a promoter of democracy, stability, and economic growth in the region.The EU has also faced various challenges throughout its development. Economic crises, such as the eurozone debt crisis in 2008, tested the resilience of the common currency and required collective efforts to stabilize the European economy. The EU has also grappled with issues of democratic legitimacy and decision-making, as well as managing the tensions between member states with differing national interests.In recent years, the EU has been focused on addressing global challenges, including climate change, migration, and cybersecurity. It has played a vital role in negotiating international agreements, such as the Paris Agreement on climate change, and in shaping global norms and standards.Overall, the development of the EU has been characterized by a gradual deepening of integration and cooperation among its member states. It has evolved from an organization primarily focused on economic cooperation to one with a broader mandate, encompassing political, legal, and social integration. Despite the challenges it faces, the EU continues to play a crucial role in maintaining peace, promoting prosperity, and protecting the values of its member states.。
浙江工商大学成人学位英语考试真题
浙江工商大学成人学位英语考试真题Zhejiang Gongshang University Adult Degree English Exam1. Listening Comprehension (20 points)Part A: Questions 1-5Listen to the conversations and choose the best answer to each question.1. What does the man want to buy?A) A bookB) A computerC) A phoneD) A camera2. What does the woman suggest doing this weekend?A) Going to the beachB) Watching a movieC) Visiting a museumD) Going shopping3. Why is the woman calling the man?A) To ask for directionsB) To make a reservationC) To cancel a meetingD) To invite him to a party4. Where does this conversation most likely take place?A) At a restaurantB) At a schoolC) At an officeD) At a bank5. What is the woman's opinion about the movie?A) She didn't like it.B) She hasn't seen it yet.C) She thought it was funny.D) She thought it was boring.Part B: Questions 6-10Listen to the monologues and choose the correct answer to each question.6. What is the speaker talking about?A) The importance of recyclingB) The new bus scheduleC) The history of the cityD) The benefits of exercise7. What does the speaker suggest doing before starting a diet?A) Consulting a doctorB) Buying new clothesC) Setting weight loss goalsD) Eating a large meal8. Why does the speaker recommend turning off electronic devices at night?A) To save energyB) To reduce stressC) To improve sleep qualityD) To avoid distractions9. Who is the target audience for this talk?A) College studentsB) Business professionalsC) Parents with young childrenD) Senior citizens10. What is the speaker's main point in this monologue?A) The benefits of meditationB) The dangers of smokingC) The importance of sleepD) The impact of climate change2. Reading Comprehension (30 points)Part A: Questions 11-20Read the passages and answer the following questions.Passage 1The United Nations is an international organization founded in 1945 after World War II. Its goals include promoting peace, human rights, and economic development. The UN has 193 member states and is headquartered in New York City. TheGeneral Assembly is the main deliberative body of the UN, in which each member state has one vote.11. When was the United Nations founded?A) 1935B) 1945C) 1955D) 196512. What are the goals of the UN?A) Promoting peace, human rights, and economic developmentB) Expanding military powerC) Reducing global populationD) Dominating other countries13. How many member states does the UN have?A) 50B) 100C) 193D) 30014. Where is the headquarters of the United Nations?A) ParisB) LondonC) New York CityD) Beijing15. What is the main deliberative body of the UN?A) The Security CouncilB) The General AssemblyC) The SecretariatD) The Economic and Social CouncilPassage 2Climate change is a global issue that is affecting the planet in various ways. Rising temperatures, melting ice caps, and extreme weather events are some of the consequences of climate change. It is important for countries to work together to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and protect the environment.16. What is climate change?A) A new fashion trendB) A global issue affecting the planetC) A type of weather forecastD) A music festival17. What are some consequences of climate change?A) Lower sea levelsB) Increased biodiversityC) Rising temperatures and extreme weather eventsD) Milder winters18. What should countries do to address climate change?A) Ignore the issueB) Work together to reduce greenhouse gas emissionsC) Increase pollutionD) Cut down more trees19. Which of the following is NOT a consequence of climate change?A) Rising sea levelsB) Melting ice capsC) Decreased ocean pollutionD) Extreme weather events20. Why is it important to protect the environment?A) To prevent natural disastersB) To promote economic growthC) To save moneyD) To increase pollutionPart B: Questions 21-25Read the passages and choose the best option to complete the sentences.Passage 3In recent years, online shopping has become increasingly popular among consumers. Many people prefer to shop online due to its convenience and the wide variety of products available. Online retailers offer discounts, coupons, and free shipping to attract customers.21. Online shopping has become popular because of its_______.A) limited product selectionB) high pricesC) convenience and variety of productsD) lack of discounts22. Online retailers often offer __________ to attract customers.A) higher pricesB) additional feesC) discounts, coupons, and free shippingD) limited payment options23. Many people choose to shop online for its __________.A) lack of customer serviceB) slow deliveryC) convenienceD) limited payment options24. Online shopping allows consumers to _______.A) try products before buyingB) pay in cash onlyC) receive products instantlyD) return items for a refund25. Online retailers offer discounts, coupons, and free shipping to _______.A) increase pricesB) attract customersC) reduce customer satisfactionD) limit product selection3. Writing (50 points)Part A: Reading ComprehensionRead the passage below and answer the questions that follow.Globalization is the process by which businesses, cultures, and societies become interconnected on a global scale. It has led to increased international trade, communication, and cultural exchange. While globalization has many benefits, such as economic growth and technological advancements, it has also raised concerns about inequality, environmental degradation, and cultural homogenization.26. Define globalization and explain its impact on businesses, cultures, and societies.27. Discuss the benefits of globalization and provide examples to support your argument.28. Analyze the challenges of globalization, including inequality, environmental issues, and cultural homogenization.29. Offer solutions to address the negative aspects of globalization and promote sustainable development for future generations.Part B: Essay WritingWrite an essay on the following topic:"With the rise of technology and social media, communication has become more convenient but less personal. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of modern communication methods and offer suggestions on how to maintain meaningful connections in a digital age."4. Speaking (50 points)Part A: DialogueRole-play a conversation between a customer and a salesperson in a clothing store. The customer is looking for adress for a special occasion, and the salesperson is helping her choose the right outfit based on her preferences and budget.Part B: PresentationPrepare a short presentation on a topic of your choice. Discuss why you chose this topic, its importance, and how it relates to your personal experiences or future career goals.Overall, the Zhejiang Gongshang University Adult Degree English Exam covers various skills such as listening, reading, writing, and speaking to assess the English proficiency of candidates. Good luck with your exam preparation!。
可可英语
European Debt Crisis Dominates IMF TalksU. S. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner said Saturday that the euro area sovereign debt and banking crises are the biggest threats to the global economy and that European officials need to address and remedy that quickly. Meanwhile, leaders of the International Monetary Fund say plans are underway to help stave off further financial crisis in Europe.In years past, when world financial leaders have convened at the World Bank and International Monetary Fund, protesters have descended upon them, criticizing capitalism and denouncing greed.But the streets were quiet at this year's conference... some security, but mostly polite attendees walking to and from meetings.There were smiles, as cameras flashed in photo ops, but beneath the surface ... a grimness."We are in a precarious situation. We face a confluence of sovereign debt and banking risks with the epicenter of that being in the euro area," warned Tharman Shanmugaratnam, chair of the International Monetary and Financial Comittee.Europe's problems, he said, are underpinned by a weakened global economy, especially in the U.S., compounded by a lack of confidence in fiscal policy actions in developed countries.Earlier Saturday, U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner, in his strongest language yet, said European leaders should work more closely with their central bank to ensure capital and liquidity remain available in what could be rough days ahead.IMF Managing Director Christine Lagarde says that topic is on the table."However grave and serious the moment is we, and also and the global economy, is half way through the work that needs to be done," she said. "If you look at financial regulation, if you look at crisis management, if you look at improved governance in the euro zone, if you look at strengthening the capital of the banks, a lot has already happened."Meanwhile, the finance chiefs of Brazil, Russia, India and China, the so-called BRICS countries, say they will do what they can to help stabilize the world economy. Emerging markets in general have weathered the financial crisis better than developed economies."Formerly with a cold in the advanced economies we would catch pneumonia," noted Nicolas Eyzaguirre, IMF Western Hemisphere Department Director. "Looks like this time around the pneumonia is in the advanced countries and we will probably catch a cold."These countries still have to consider where to invest their resources.周六，美国财长盖特纳表示，欧元区主权债务和银行业危机是全球经济最大的威胁，欧洲官员必须尽快解决和补救。
经济学人双语版1
Europe's debt crisis欧洲债务危机Spot the pattern看变化模式Jul 5th 2011, 18:55 by R.A. | WASHINGTON2011年7月5日18：55 R.A./华盛顿HERE'S a chart showing the yields on 10-year Greek debt over the past three months. See the pattern?本图显示的是在过去3个月10年期希腊债券的收益率。
变化模式看清楚了吧？There's a spike, followed by a decline, followed by a higher spike, followed by a decline to a higher trough, and so on. European leaders keep taking steps to avert disaster, and each time markets are less assuaged.有个尖峰，接着是下跌，然后又是稍高一些的尖峰，接着跌入一个较高的波谷，如此反复。
欧洲国家的领导人一直在采取措施避免灾难，而每一次市场都没有大的起色。
The latest spike corresponds to the stalemate over the IMF's willingness to continue making bail-out payments without a new, long-term rescue package in place (and the corresponding disagreement over how to rollover Greek debt, plus the drama surrounding the passage of Greece's new austerity plan). The IMF agreed to keep paying, French and German banks seemed willing to sign on to a rollover plan, and Greece got its new austerity programme through parliament. But it wasn't long before trouble kicked up again.最近的尖峰反映了这样一个困境：国际货币基金组织愿意继续救助，但又没有制定出一个长期的一揽子救助计划（同时也反映出如何缓解希腊债务各方存在分歧，以及希腊的新紧缩计划能否通过依然有变数）。
九年级英语历史主题单选题50题
九年级英语历史主题单选题50题1. Who is known for leading the American Civil War and abolishing slavery?A. George WashingtonB. Abraham LincolnC. Thomas JeffersonD. Franklin Roosevelt答案：B。
本题考查对美国历史人物的了解。
选项A 乔治·华盛顿是美国的开国元勋。
选项C 托马斯·杰斐逊是《 独立宣言》的主要起草人。
选项D 富兰克林·罗斯福是在经济大萧条和二战时期发挥重要作用的总统。
而亚伯拉罕·林肯领导了美国内战并废除了奴隶制。
2. Which historical figure is associated with the discovery of gravity?A. Isaac NewtonB. Galileo GalileiC. Albert EinsteinD. Nikola Tesla答案：A。
选项B 伽利略·伽利雷在天文学和物理学方面有重要贡献。
选项C 阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦提出了相对论。
选项D 尼古拉·特斯拉在电学方面成就显著。
艾萨克·牛顿发现了万有引力。
3. Who was the first emperor of the Roman Empire?A. Julius CaesarB. AugustusC. NeroD. Constantine答案：B。
选项A 尤利乌斯·恺撒是罗马共和国末期的军事统帅。
选项 C 尼禄是罗马帝国的皇帝，但不是第一位。
选项 D 君士坦丁大帝对基督教的发展有重要影响。
奥古斯都《Augustus）是罗马帝国的第一位皇帝。
4. Which historical figure is famous for inventing the printing press?A. Johannes GutenbergB. Leonardo da VinciC. MichelangeloD. William Shakespeare答案：A。
routine练习题
routine练习题一、词汇练习1. 选择正确的单词填空：1. I usually _______ to work bus.2. She _______ her homework every evening.A. doesB. doC. does not doD. doesn't do3. They _______ a movie last night.A. watchB. watchesC. watchedD. watching2. 选择正确的词组：1. I _______ (go, going) to the gym this morning.2. He _______ (be, is) late for school again.3. She _______ (do, does) her homework every day.3. 选择正确的形容词：1. This is a _______ (good, bad) book.2. She is a _______ (smart, silly) girl.3. The weather is very _______ (hot, cold) today.二、语法练习1. 选择正确的时态：1. I _______ (go, went) to the park yesterday.2. She _______ (be, was) happy when she received the gift.3. They _______ (do, did) their homework last night.2. 选择正确的语态：1. The teacher _______ (teach, is taught) Mr. Wang.2. The book _______ (write, is written) a famous author.3. The letter _______ (send, is sent) to her last week.3. 选择正确的连词：1. I _______ (go, am going) to the movies, _______ (because, because of) I have free time.2. She _______ (like, likes) coffee, _______ (but, but) she doesn't like tea.3. I _______ (finish, finished) my homework, _______ (so, so) I can go out now.三、阅读理解1. 阅读短文，回答问题：1. What is the main idea of the passage?2. Who is the main character in the story?3. What happens at the end of the passage?2. 阅读文章，判断正误：1. The story is about a boy who goes to the park every weekend.2. The boy meets his friends at the park and they play games together.3. The boy goes home after playing games with his friends.3. 阅读文章，找出关键信息：1. What is the author's favorite color?2. Why does the author like this color?3. What does the author think about other colors?四、写作练习1. 介绍动物的名字和种类。
英语听力试题及答案
英语听力试题及答案In the realm of language learning, English listening skills are paramount for effective communication. This article aims to provide insights into strategies for improving English listening skills, followed by a set of practice exercises complete with answers to test and reinforce these skills.IntroductionListening is the first step in communication, and mastering it is essential for both personal and professional growth. English, being a global language, requires a strong foundation in listening to navigate through various international settings. The following strategies and exercises are designed to help learners enhance their English listening abilities.Strategies for Improving English Listening Skills1. Active Listening: Engage fully with the speaker, focusing on the message rather than the words.2. Predictive Listening: Before listening, predict the content based on the context or title.3. Note-Taking: Jot down key points to aid recall and understanding.4. Repetition: Re-listen to the same material to catchdetails missed during the first listening.5. Vocabulary Expansion: Build a robust vocabulary to recognize a wide range of words and phrases.6. Cultural Awareness: Understand cultural nuances to graspthe underlying meaning of conversations.7. Listening to Various Accents: Expose yourself to different English accents to become familiar with diverse pronunciations.8. Using Technology: Utilize apps and online resources for listening practice.9. Feedback and Correction: Seek feedback on your listening skills and correct your mistakes.10. Consistent Practice: Regular practice is key to improvement.Practice ExercisesBelow are a series of listening exercises designed to testand improve your English listening skills. Each exercise is followed by questions and the corresponding answers.Exercise 1: News BroadcastListen to a news broadcast and answer the following questions:1. What is the main topic of the news report?2. Where did the event take place?3. What are the key details mentioned?Answers:1. The main topic is the international conference on climate change.2. The event took place in Paris.3. Key details include the attendance of world leaders and the signing of a new agreement.Exercise 2: Podcast on TechnologyListen to a podcast discussing the latest technology trends and answer the questions:1. What new technology is being discussed?2. What are the potential benefits of this technology?3. What concerns are raised about its implementation?Answers:1. The podcast discusses the advancements in artificial intelligence.2. Potential benefits include improved efficiency and decision-making capabilities.3. Concerns include job displacement and ethical issues surrounding AI.Exercise 3: Dialog ue in a CaféListen to the conversation between two friends in a café and answer the questions:1. What are the friends discussing?2. What is the main character's opinion about the topic?3. What suggestion does the friend make?Answers:1. The friends are discussing a new book they have read.2. The main character finds the book thought-provoking but controversial.3. The friend suggests attending a book club meeting to discuss it further.Exercise 4: Lecture on HistoryListen to a lecture on a historical event and answer the questions:1. What historical event is being discussed?2. What were the causes of this event?3. What were the consequences?Answers:1. The lecture is about the French Revolution.2. Causes include social inequality and economic crisis.3. Consequences include the rise of Napoleon and the spread of nationalism.Exercise 5: Interview with an AthleteListen to an interview with a professional athlete and answer the questions:1. What sport does the athlete play?2. What achievement is the athlete most proud of?3. What advice does the athlete give to aspiring athletes?Answers:1. The athlete is a professional tennis player.2. The athlete is most proud of winning a Grand Slam tournament.3. The advice given is to stay focused, work hard, and maintain a positive attitude.ConclusionImproving English listening skills is a gradual process that requires consistent effort and the right strategies. By incorporating the strategies mentioned and practicing with the exercises provided, learners can significantly enhance their ability to understand spoken English in various contexts. Remember, the key to success lies in regular practice and the willingness to learn from mistakes. Happy listening!。
The_European_Political_Community
The European Political Community: Establishment, Motivation and ProspectCui HongweiT he European Political Com-munity (EPC) is a forum-likeinstitution established by the European countries out of their geo-political needs and to overcome the dilemma of EU enlargement after the outbreak of Ukraine crisis. It has held three summit meetings so far in Prague on 6 October 2022, Burboac on 1 June 2023 and Granada on 5 October 2023 respectively. A s defined by the European Council, it is a coor-dination platform of great symbolic importance that shall not replace any existing organization, structure or process, nor intends to create new ones at this stage. It aims to make up for the lack of appropriate institu-tional framework for political coordi-nation in Europe under the Ukraine crisis. At the same time, it shuns away from the rigid institutional approach to deal with security challenges, and offers a new way to take EU out of its enlargement dilemma. Based on effectiveness and sustainability, it cannot avoid the key issues of power resources and leadership during its development, and more importantly, it will forge close relations with the future European security architecture in order to meet the common security challenges of Europe.ESTABLISHMENTAfter the outbreak of the Ukraine crisis on 24 February 2022, the EU ac-celerated its pace of enlargement, not only restarting the accession negotia-tions of the Western Balkan countries,but also granting Ukraine, Moldovaand Georgia the status of candidatecountries for accession. In view ofthe security challenges posed by theUkraine crisis, most member statesagree on the need for EU enlarge-ment, yet there is wide disagreementon the timetable for enlargement asit involves important fiscal transfersand institutional reforms of the EU.In his address to the closing cer-emony of the Conference on theFuture of Europe on 9 May 2022, Ma-cron pointed out that the EU couldnot in the short term be the only wayto structure the European continent,proposed to establish a “new politicalcommunity” that would allow coun-tries that subscribe to the “core val-ues” to find “a new space for politicalcooperation” within its framework,so as to maintain the stability of thecontinent. Macron’s proposal receivedstrong support from European Coun-cil President Charles Michel. On 22June 2022, the proposal for EPC wasdiscussed during the EU Summit.The European Council stated that, theEPC was to be established to provide aplatform for across continent politicalcoordination, and to foster politicaldialogue and cooperation in order toaddress issues of common interestand promote the security, stabilityand prosperity of the European conti-nent.In October 2022, the first summitwas held in Prague, bringing togetherheads of state from 44 countries in-cluding the EU and its 27 memberstates, the UK, Iceland, Norway, Swit-zerland, Liechtenstein from the Eu-ropean Free Trade A rea, the WesternBalkans of Serbia, Bosnia and Herze-govina, North Macedonia, Montene-gro, Albania and Kosovo, and EasternPartnership countries of Ukraine,Georgia, Moldova, Azerbaijan, A rme-nia and Türkiye. Leaders agreed tohold summit meetings twice a year,with the host rotating between EUand non-EU member states. At theMoldova Summit in June 2023, Mo-naco, San Marino and Andorra wereadded to its membership.The EPC sets up an attractivemode for equal cooperation betweensovereign states as it adopts flexibleand informal intergovernmentalexchanges, coordination and coopera-tion by holding round tables, bilateraland small multilateral meetings,without setting up corresponding per-manent institutions and funds. TheUkraine crisis and energy crisis are atthe heart of the leaders’ discussions,with other areas covered includingdigital facility (networks, underseacables, data centers), infrastructure,gas pipelines, defense, migration, andregional disputes.France is a staunch supporter ofthe EPC. In France’s view, the Com-munity could become an integralpart of the European political archi-tecture, not only as a useful forum for36September/October 2023 CONTEMPORARY WORLDdialogue, but also as a source of coop-eration projects among its members. Close to the French position, Italy is keen to exploit the potential of the Community to promote concrete co-operation projects. Germany, Poland and the European Commission have expressed measured support for co-operation projects. Most EU member states do not want EU institutions to spend too much EU fund due to their participation in the Community, and EU candidate countries fear that the Community could become an alter-native to EU enlargement.Non-EU countries of Moldova, Türkiye and the UK have taken a pos-itive stance towards the EPC. Moldova offered to host the second summit. Türkiye is looking to the Community as a new way to develop relations with European countries while bypassing EU institutions. For the UK, as the Eu-ro-Atlantic region remains a priority in its international strategy and prac-tical cooperation with the EU stays high on its foreign policy agenda, it will host the fourth Summit in the first half of 2024.While still in its infancy, the EPC member states have already reached some bilateral and small multilateral agreements through the platform. To name a few, the UK and the NorthSeas Energy Cooperation whoseorganization membership includeseight EU member states and Norwayhave signed a MOU to deal with en-ergy supply issues. The French andBritish leaders pledged to boost bilat-eral cooperation in energy, illegal im-migration and defense. In the area ofmediating regional disputes, Michel,Macron and Scholz met with the lead-ers of Azerbaijan and A rmenia in aneffort to forge consensus on Nagorno-Karabakh peace agreement. Theleaders of Türkiye and A rmenia heldmeetings to normalize bilateral rela-tions. The issue of Kosovo was alsohigh on its agenda.MOTIVATIONSFirst, the EPC offers a new ap-proach to solve the tough issues of EUenlargement under the new situation.In the context of the Ukraine crisis,the EU has accelerated its enlarge-ment process, not only restarting theaccession negotiations of the WesternBalkan countries, but also grantingcandidate status to Ukraine, Moldovaand Georgia, aiming to promote“geostrategic investment in a stable,strong and united Europe”. Enlarge-ment not only involves budget, struc-tural funds, common agriculturalpolicy and other issues of interest,but also affects decision-making ef-ficiency, making it a new impetus forthe reform of EU institutions.Second, it aims to fill the EU’sgeopolitical and geostrategic voidand wipe off the continent’s securitygray zone, which refers to the EU andRussia’s common neighborhood ofEastern Europe, the Western Balkans,the South Caucasus, the Black Seaand Eastern Mediterranean regions.A s Russia sees these areas as geostra-tegic buffer zones and border zonesof the “EU empire”, the EU needs astrategy to strengthen its influencein these areas, which explains whythe EPC was materialized in a shortperiod of time. In Macron’s view, Brit-ain must become a member of theCommunity. As the second largesteconomy in Europe and a powerfulcountry in military strength, UK’sBrexit has dealt a serious blow to theEU’s geopolitical influence. Türkiye isof strategic importance to Europeansecurity in the Middle East, EasternMediterranean and Black Sea regions.A s the EU is decoupled from its larg-est energy supplier of Russia, it facesa huge challenge of energy supplysubstitution. Countriessuch as Norway, Azerbaijanand Georgia are importantsources of oil and gas forthe EU, and Türkiye playsan important role in termsof infrastructure such as oiland gas corridors and gasterminals.Last but not least, Eu-rope is in urgent pursuitof strategic autonomy inthe face of its increasingdependence on Americandecisions and capabilitieswhen dealing with its ownaffairs. The Ukraine crisishas dealt a heavy blow to(Photo/IC Photo)37the goal of strategic independence of Europe, and Europe strategically re-lies more on the US. Macron warned that “Europe should not be a vassal of the United States”. The European stra-tegic community generally believes that only by offering solutions to end conflicts in its neighborhood, and by making effective strategic responses to the challenges in its neighborhood can the EU have global weight and credibility. The EU’s lack of strategic autonomy is highlighted by its lack of defense autonomy. From the per-spective of A Strategic Compass for Security and Defense released by the EU in 2022, its strategic autonomy is obviously diluted, and most of the increased military expenditure of Eu-ropean countries may still flow to the US rather than to their own military industry.Although the Ukraine crisis is far from over and the US has increased its military presence in eastern Europe, Europe has a relatively di-minished role in US global strategy. America itself is divided over the Ukraine crisis, the role of its Euro-pean allies, climate, energy and other issues. Fearful of increased burden of European security guarantees, theUS expects Europe to increase its ownmilitary and security commitment toUkraine.PROSPECTWill the EPC serve only as an ex-pedient solution to the Ukraine crisis?Or, will it develop into a useful po-litical and security organization thatunite European countries? It dependslargely on the political will of theEuropean leaders. So far, its structure,function, orientation and relationswith the future European security ar-chitecture are yet to be clear and needto be further observed.First, the structure and leadershipcapability. In view of the different pri-orities and expectations of memberstates, the EPC maintains a vaguestrategic direction and runs as an in-formal body in order to guarantee itspracticality. But the informal and non-centralized model makes it hard tobe effective. Leadership is a questionmust be answered for the organiza-tion with 47 member states to providesolutions to problems. In this regard,the European academic communityhas two basic ideas: one is to form astructure with France, Germany, theEU and the UK as the core, whichis the only way to formulate a clearlist of strategies and in line withthe resource capacities of Europeancountries. Another is to establish astructure dominated by the Weimartriangle of France, Germany andPoland, the consideration of which isbased on its institutional maturity, aswell as the need to bridge the rift be-tween East and West Europe over theUkraine and migration crises.Second, its relations with the fu-ture European security architecture.The Ukraine crisis has paralyzed theOSCE. The NATO cannot cover thewhole of Europe in short term. Eu-rope needs a new security frameworkto meet common challenges. It is inconformity with the birth of the EPC.It is not clear, however, whether it willform the foundation of a new securityarchitecture for the continent. A Ger-man foreign policy think tank hasproposed to set up Joint European De-fense Initiative as the new Europeanpillar of NATO. According to theinitiative, NATO’s major European al-lies such as Britain, France, GermanyEuropean Commission President von der Leyen (L), European Council President Charles Michel (C) and Albanian Prime Minister Edi Rama (R) attend a press conference to reiterate their commitment to the accession of the Western Balkan countries to the EU, in the Albanian capital Tirana on December 6, 2022.(Photo/Xinhua)38September/October 2023 CONTEMPORARY WORLDand Poland will use their advantage to protect Ukraine and Eastern Euro-pean countries, and take more respon-sibility for future European security.Whether it is the EPC or the above Initiative that will become the future European security architecture, the core is the EU-Russia relations. Yet, France and Germany are at odds with each other on this issue. At the Mu-nich Security Conference in February 2023, Macron said that “to crush Rus-sia has never been France’s position and it will never be”. For Germany, it agreed with France that Russia was an essential player in the future Europe-an security order before the Ukraine crisis, but it changed its position dras-tically after the crisis broke out. On 14 June 2023, the German government issued National Security Strategy stating that Russia is the most grave threat to peace and security in the Euro-Atlantic region in the foresee-able future and German foreign and security policy will adjust to the threat accordingly.Third, the France-Germany rela-tions within the EPC. The relations between France and Germany willbe the key to the EPC no matterwhat shape its future structure takes.France is the largest military coun-try in the EU, with a complete andadvanced system and productioncapacity of military industry, as wellas the ability to manufacture nuclear-powered aircraft carriers, but France’seconomic strength is not enough tosupport European security needs, andits ambitions must be supported byGermany. In the new security environ-ment, France-Germany competitionfor European leadership is on the rise.Germany is likely to break through itshurdles as a “reluctant great power”and define itself as a stronger geo-political and security actor, playing aleading role in EU’s future policy onRussia and Eastern Europe. As a re-sult, France’s status as a political andsecurity power in the EU is bound tobe challenged by Germany’s pursuitof the role of a geopolitical leader.CONCLUSIONThe EPC provides a platform fordialogue and coordination betweenEU member states and non-EUneighbors. Its future developmentfaces two interrelated questions: First,whether Europe’s pursuit of its geo-political role will change the criteriafor EU enlargement. Second, whetherEurope’s new security environmenthas changed the way Europeans thinkabout and pursuit of peace. MarkLeonard, Director of the EuropeanCouncil on Foreign Relations, ar-gues that over the past half century,European countries have developeda concept of freedom based on uni-versalism, rejection of military force,economic interdependence, sharedsovereignty, and the establishment ofEurope as a single entity based on aset of common institutions. And theEU’s response to the Ukraine crisiscould turn the project of peacefulEuropean integration into a securityproject.——————————————Cui Hongwei is Researcher at theInstitute of International Studies,Shanghai Academy of Social SciencesPeople take partin an anti-NATOand anti-Aurora 23military exerciseprotest on April 22,2023 in Stockholm,Sweden.(Photo/Xinhua)39。
托福阅读真题第22套
第2 2套Economic Decline in Europe during the14th CenturyParagraph1After three hundred years of impressive gains in wealth and population,Europe’s economy began to slow around1300.Several factors accounted for the decline.One of the most important,though perhaps the least dramatic to relate,was a shift in climate.The remarkably fair weather of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries took a decided turn for the worse in the fourteenth Chronicler’s comments,tree-ring examination,and pollen analysis all indicate that over the course of the fourteenth century Europe’s average annual temperature declined approximately two degrees Celsius—which may sound like very little at first,but if one considers current projections about the possible effects of global warming,in which the average annual temperature shift is only one degree Celsius,a rather different impression emerges.As the temperature dropped,shortening the summer growing season and affecting the resilience of certain vegetable species,the wind and rain increased.This meant that crop yields declined precipitously and the agricultural economy began to contract.As food supplies dwindled,costs rose accordingly and cut into the amount of capital that people had available for other purchases or investments.This in turn added to the gradual constriction of the commercial economy.1.The phrase“accounted for”in the passage is closest in meaning toA.predictedB.explainedC.typifiedD.worsened2.Why does the author mention“current projection about the possible effects of global warming”in the passage?A.To argue that global warming was a faction in the climate shift of the fourteenth century in EuropeB.To suggest that the current climate change is greater than the climate change in the fourteenth century in EuropeC.To show the direct connection between temperature changes in the fourteenth century and changes that are currently occurring in EuropeD.To emphasize the impact of the temperature changes that occurred duringthe fourteenth century in Europe.3.In paragraph1,all of the following are mentioned as factors that contributed to thedecline of the agricultural economy in the fourteenth century EXCEPTA.an increase in rain and windB.a shortened growing seasonC.the investment of capital in areas other than agricultureD.a significant drop in temperatureParagraph2Just as significant were changes in the geopolitics of the Mediterranean world.The decline of the Byzantine Empire,which had dominated the eastern Mediterranean, meant the interruption of trade routes to central and eastern Asia.The rise of new political powers signaled a new era in Mediterranean connections,one in which religious loyalty and ethnic fidelity mattered morethan commercial ties.Consequently the movement of goods and services between east and west began to slow.European interest in circumnavigating Africa and exploring westward into the Atlantic Ocean,in fact,originated in the desire into the trade with eastern Asia that had long sustained Europe’s economic growth.4.In paragraph2,the author implies that Byzantine EmpireA.allowed international trade from which Europe benefitedB.became a dominated force during the fourteenth centuryC.centered its rule on religion and ethnic tiesD.interrupted trade routes to Asia that had already been established5.According to paragraph2,European interest in exploring the coast of Africa and the Atlantic Ocean grew out of a wish toA.build a roadblock against Asian powersB.restore valuable trade with eastern AsiaC.create faster trade routes to eastern AsiaD.connect trade between the eastern Mediterranean and the Atlantic OceanParagraph3A more immediate cause of the sputtering economy was an observable absence;since the eleventh century there had been few significant changes in the technology of agriculture.Developments like the wheeled plow,the rotation of crops,and the use of natural fertilizer that had made possible the agricultural revolution of the past two hundred years had had no follow-up.Farming was still conducted in1300roughly the same way it had been done in1100,but with a considerably larger population to feed, there was little surplus left to generate fresh capital.As a consequence,food production fell perilously close to subsistence level.【Although the failure of agriculture to keep up with the growing population did not become a crisis until the fourteenth century,clear signs of the problem had already emerged by the middle of the thirteenth century,when occasionally low yields due to bad weather or social disruption revealed how perilous the balance between Europe’s population and its food supply had become.】Apart from territories beset by war,the tentativeness of thefood supply became evident first on the farmlands most recently brought under cultivation during the economic depression of the twelfth century.The less established farmers of these lands frequently did not have the means to survive successive poor harvests.Tenant farmers unable to pay their tents thus began to slip into debt,and landlords who depended on rents for their income began to rely increasingly on urban financiers for credit.6.According to paragraph3,what was one cause of the economic problems in Europe of the fourteenth century?A.Farming techniques produced insufficient amounts of foodB.Terntones that farmers had begun to use for agriculture for the first time were disrupted by warC.The technological improvements in farming made in earlier centuries were abandoned after1300D.Farming techniques used capital that was needed for investment in the development of technology7.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage?Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information【Although the failure of agriculture to keep up with the growing population did not become a crisis until the fourteenth century,clear signs of the problem had already emerged by the middle of the thirteenth century,when occasionally low yields due to bad weather or social disruption revealed how perilous the balance between Europe’s population and its food supply had become.】A.Maintaining the population of Europe with existing food supplies continued to be a problem after the middle of the thirteenth centuryB.The delicate balance between population and food supply in Europe was apparent in years of poor harvest half a century before it became a crisis in the fourteenth centuryC.Clear sighs of the emerging crisis in Europe appeared in the thirteenth century in the form of bad weather,social unrest,and insufficient foodD.In the thirteenth century,a problem emerged in Europe when the food sufficient to feed the population only8.The word“considerably”in the passage is closest in meaning toA.significantlyB.increasinglyC.constantlyD.naturally9.It can be inferred from paragraph3that people who farmed on land recently brought under cultivation were at a bigger disadvantage than well-established farmersin fourteenth-century Europe becauseA．they land was located in areas that were engaged in warB．they relied on urban financiers for creditC．they had no surplus on which to live or money to pay their rentD．they did not use wheeled plows,rotate their crops,or use natural fertilizerParagraph4Even whole governments became entangled in the credit crisis,England being the most notable example.The cycle of indebtedness was hardly inevitable,but the string of bank failures and commercial collapses in the first half of the fourteenth century was striking.The famed Bardi and Peruzzi banks of Florence(the two largest financial houses of Europe)collapsed spectacularly in the1340’s.They were soon followed by the Riccardi bank of Lucca,whose massive loans had kept the English government afloat for years.Many more houses collapsed in turn.10.The word“striking”in the passage is closest in meaning toA.understandableB.necessaryC.limitingD.noteworthy11.Why does the author mention in the passage that the Bardi and Peruzzi banks were “the two largest financial houses of Europe”?A.To indicate the connection between Florence banks and the English governmentB.To emphasize the great impact that these bank failures had on the economyC.To compare the Bardi and Peruzzi banks with the Richard bankD.To indicate the success that these banks had previously achievedParagraph5An important demographic trend resulted from and contributed to the economic malaise:large-scale migration of rural populations into the cities.Europe’s overall population growth from1050to1300had been primarily due to an increase in the number of rural folk.But as economic forces made agrarian life more perilous around 1300,hard-pressed farmers and their families began to migrate to the cities in large number in search of work.Farms,villages,and entire regions were abandoned.Many cities doubled in size,and some even tripled,over the course of just one or two generations.Few were capable of absorbing such large numbers of people.12.Paragraph5suggests that the large-scale migration to cities resulted in which of the following?A.After two generations in the cities,migrants returned to agricultural lifeB.The overall population in Europe declinedC.Farmers worked in cities,and their families worked the landD.Cities contained large numbers of people who were unemployedParagraph5An important demographic trend resulted from and contributed to the economic malaise:large-scale migration of rural populations into the cities.Europe’s overall population growth from1050to1300had been primarily due to an increase in the number of rural folk.[A]But as economic forces made agrarian life more perilous around1300,hard-pressed farmers and theirfamilies began to migrate to the cities in large number in search of work.[B]Many cities doubled in size,and some even tripled,over the course of just one or two generations.[C]Few were capable of absorbing such large numbers of people.[D]13.Look at the four squares[]that indicates where the following sentence could be added to the passage.Farms,villages,and entire regions were abandoned.Where would the sentence best fit?14.Directions:An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provides plete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage.Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage.This question is worth2points.The economic decline in Europe during the fourteenth century resulted from several factors.Answer choicesA.Climate changes affected agriculture production,which led to food shortages.B.The loss of trade with central and East Asia negatively impacted economic growth.C.England was among the nations that suffered a credit crisis.D.The performance of the commercial economy could not keep pace with the agricultural economy.E.The lack of innovation in agricultural technology affected food productionF.Migrations from city to rural areas led to an increase in the number of rural fork.Human Impacts on BiogeographyBiologists,who commonly study the distribution of plant and animal species in different environments—their biogeography—strive to develop interpretations or explanations of the patterns of species distribution,but these may be incorrect if the effects of human beings are not taken into consideration.In some cases,these effects may be accidental;for example,some species of rat were unintentionally transported aboard ships from Europe to the islands of the South Pacific.In other cases,species distributions may have been deliberately modified by human beings.The Polynesians in the South Pacific intentionally moved the kumara(sweet potato)to islands in that region to provide the population with a new food crop.1.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage?Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.(Biologists,who commonly study the distribution of pi ant and animal species in different environments—their biogeography—strive to develop interpretations or explanations of the patterns of species distribution,but these may be incorrect if the effects of human beings are not taken into consideration.)A.In biogeography it is common to consider and study the effects of plant and animal species as they are distributed within environments where humans live.B.Biologists who study environments in which pi ants and animals are distributed have arrived at interpretations or explanations for how species succeed,but these may not be correct.C.To understand plant and animal distribution patterns correctly,biologists must consider the role of hum an beings in the biogeography of speciesD.It is common for biologists who try to understand the effects of humans on their environments to be incorrect in their explanations of certain distribution patterns of plants and animals.2.In paragraph1，the author makes the point that the relocations of rats and the kumara to new environments differed inA.whether or not humans planned to transfer these species to a new environmentB.how far these species had to be transported to arrive at the new environmentC.how difficult it was for these species to become established in the new environmentD.whether or not these species succeeded in the new environmentThe relocation of species by humans(and more recently the imposition of restrictions on movement by way of national controls and world conventions)has been primarily for economic reasons and for environmental protection.For example,humans introduced Sitka spruce trees into Scotland and England from North America to use them as a timber crop.Similarly the Monterey pine tree was introduced into New Zealand in the nineteenth century from California and has become the most widely used species in the timber production industry in that country.The potato has been carried from its native home in the high Andes of South America,modified and developed into many varieties,and transported around the world because it can be used as a food crop.The plant formerly known as the Chinese gooseberry was relocated from its native China to New Zealand where an industry was established around the renamed kiwifruit.3.The word"formerly"in the passage is closest in meaning tomonlyB.previouslyC.officiallyD.interestingly4.In paragraph2，the author mentions Chinese gooseberries and the Monterey pine in order toA.contrast two plant species transplanted for different reasonsB.demonstrate how two extremely different species adapt to a similar environment in New ZealandC.offer evidence that newly introduced species can have unintended positive effects on the environmentD.provide examples of species moved for economic purposes5.The word"desirable"in the passage is closest in meaning toA.easy to spreadB.quick to establishC.wantedD.practical6.The word"relatively”in the passage is closest in meaning toparativelyB.surprisinglyC.extremelyD.at timesWe have extended the distribution of some species because of certain useful traits that make the species desirable beyond their former known range For example,willows have extensive root systems,can grow relatively quickly,and are now used in several countries worldwide to stabilize river margins as a flood protection measure.The distribution of willows has therefore been influenced considerably by human use in river bank management.7.According to paragraph3.why are willows a species that are now found in different countries worldwide?A.They adapt easily to a variety of environments.B.They have characteristics that make them useful in preserving river banks during floods.C.They have a root system that allows them to reproduce easily and live long.D.They require little care or management from humans.The effects of introduced species can be many and varied and can include effects on the distribution of other species.For example,the North American gray squirrel was introduced into England and has now largely displaced the native red squirrel.The accidental introduction of organisms to new areas may have major pest implications. The South African bronze butterfly,the larva(immature insect forms)of which feed on buds and other parts of geraniums and similar flowers,was accidentally introducedinto the Balearic Islands via imported geraniums.In its native South Africa,the distribution and abundance of the butterfly are affected in part by a native wasp that parasitizes(feeds on)the larvae.In the absence of the parasite wasp on the Balearic Islands off the coast of Spain,the butterfly has now spread to mainland Spain where its rapid spread has been accentuated by trade in garden plants and modem transport. The species has become a major pest due to the lack of a natural predator and is now causing great problems for the horticultural industry in Spain.8.The word"accentuated"in the passage is closest in meaning toA.controlledB.intensifiedC.explainedD.restricted9.What can be inferred from paragraph4about geraniums in South Africa as compared to geraniums in Spain and the Balearic Islands?A.The structural parts and buds of geraniums in South Africa differ from those of geraniums in Spain and the Balearic Islands.pared to the geraniums in Spain,the ones in South Africa are less likely to have bronze butterfly larvae as a pestC.Geraniums are less important to the horticulture industry in South Africa than they are to the horticultural industries tries of Spain and the Balearic Islands.D.Geraniums in South Africa ire traded more than the geraniums in Spain and the Balearic Islands are.10.According to paragraph4,why did the South African bronze butterfly become a major pest in Spain?A.Spain has a greater number of flowers for the butterflies to feed onB.The butterfly's larvae reach maturity more quickly in Spain than they do elsewhere.C.There are no natural predators of bronze butterfly larvae in SpainD.The species of geranium that is found in Spain is a more delicate garden plant and easier for pests to consume11.Paragraph4supports which of the following statement about the South African bronze butterfly?A.It was deliberately introduced into two new environments at the same timeB.Its spread on mainland Spain had a significant economic impactC.It changed its parasitizing behavior when it adapted to new environmentsD.Its presence on mainland Spain and the Balearic Islands caused other insect populations to increaseHuman-driven changes in the distribution of some species may result in hybridization (interbreeding)with other species and so have a genetic effect.For example,the North American cord grass was accidentally introduced to the south coast of England in theearly nineteenth century.It hybridized with the European cord grass and resulted in the production of a new species,which in this case is also a major pest plant of estuaries in England where it became dominant and extensive.Information about a species distribution(prior to human modification)maybe applied in pest control programs for the introduced species.Studies of the species in its native habitat may yield information about the factors that limit or influence its distribution and population dynamics.That information may then be applied in the development of strategies to contain and control the spread of pest species.For example, information about the role of the parasitic wasp in the ecology of the bronze butterfly may be utilized in the process of finding control strategies for that species on mainland Spain.12.Paragraph6returns to a discussion of the bronze buttery in order toA.demonstrate that information about species in their native habitat can be applied to controlling their spread in new habitatsB.emphasize the negative effects of parastic wasps on butterflies in generalC.further support the claim that the bronze butterfly was accidentally introduced to mainland SpainD.conclude by recommending the development of careful pest control strategies so that the ecology is not damaged13.Look at the four squares[■]that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.Its presence there helps control the bronze butterfly population.Where would the sentence best fit?Click on a square[■]to add the sentence to the passage.The effects of introduced species can be many and varied and can include effects on the distribution of other species.For example,the North American gray squirrel was introduced into England and has now largely displaced the native red squirrel.The accidental introduction of organisms to new areas may have major pest implications.■The South African bronze butterfly,the larva(immature insect forms)of which feed on buds and other parts of geraniums and similar flowers,was accidentally introduced into the Balearic Islands via imported geraniums.■In its native South Africa,the distribution and abundance of the butterfly are affected in part by a native wasp that parasitizes(feeds on)the larvae.■In the absence of the parasite wasp on the Balearic Islands off the coast of Spain,the butterfly has now spread to mainland Spain where its rapid spread has been accentuated by trade in garden plants and modem transport.■The species has become a major pest due to the lack of a natural predator and is now causing great problems for the horticultural industry in Spain.14.A variety of factors,including human activity,can affect the distribution of species:Answer Choices1.Research has shown that the biogeography of species can change even without human interference as can be seen In the wide distribution of willows along a wide range of river banks.2.Introducing a species to a new environment can have unintended consequences such as those that occurred when a butterfly was relocated to an environment that lacked its natural predator.3.The success of relocating two species together depends on how they help each other survive in a new environment as demonstrated by the South African bronze butterfly and geraniums.4.The study of the relocations of certain species to new habitats has been difficult because it is not always clear if the relocations were natural or caused by humans.5.Humans have relocated species for a variety of reasons,including obtaining new food sources,creating new industries,and taking advantage of the characteristics of certain species6.Understanding the distribution of a species in its native habitat can be useful in controlling Its spread as a pest in Its new habitat.Economic Decline in Europe during the14th Century答案：B D C A B;A B A C D;B D B(ABE)Human Impacts on BiogeographyHuman Impacts on Biogeography答案：C A B D C;A B B B C;B A C256。
The Role of China in the European Debt Crisis
Reg i o n a l TR a d e &i n v e s T m e n T E UR O P E T he Role of China in the E uropean D ebt C risisBy Cai Hongbo,Y an Pei G20nance m inisters ’meet-ing closed at t he end of thisFebruary focusing on how to effect ively prevent t hedet eriorat ion of European sovereign debt crisisand calling for the “self-help ”of euro.G reece is the current focus of the media attention,but seen from Figure 1,the other euro countries aren ’t bet ter.Portugal,Ireland,Spain are all dancing on the edge of the cli .Started from late 2009,this debt crisis made it difficult or impossible for some coun-t ries in the euro area to re-nance their government debt without the assistance of t hird parties.At the same time,C hi-na has a high f oreign exchange reserve,reaching about 3t rillion U.S.dollars in 2011,and Europe has been hoping C hina to lend a helping hand.Sh ould C h ina play a role?C hinese netizens consider “saving t he European debt crisis ”as “the lend-ing from a poor boy who just can a ord bread to the rich ”,w hich is an unreason-able behavior.However,the undeniable fact is that poor boy and the ric h live in a same global village,thus in the back-ground of global economic integrat ion,China and EU are so closelyrelated.First,the EU is the comprehe nsive strategic partner of China.e c ollapse of the euro will make the U.S.dollar be-come the sole international reserve cur -rency once again,so the EU ’s prosperity and the euro ’s strength are in ac cord with China ’sstrategic interests.Sec ondly,the EU has been China ’s largest t rading part ner for seven years,and is now China ’s largest export desti-nat ion.As provided in Table 1,C hina -U y %F y y ,f (%)y f cantly ,far higher t han ot her countries.However,if the EU f alls into a long-term ec onomic downturn,it is bound to seri-ously a ec t t he China-EU trade.ird,rescuing the European debt c risisbyproper wayshelps to resolve eco-nomic and trade barriers,enhance mutu-al con denc e and develop the European market,w hic h are conductive to China -EU trade cooperation and development in the future.In summ ary,C hina should lend a helping hand t o Europe and play a unique role to solve the debt crisis.How could C h ina play a role?First and f oremost,the truly e ec-tive way f or China to help Europe get rid of the debt crisis as soon as possible,is to increase invest ment in EU.T his requiresnot only positive investment aidsbut also the EU's sinc erity to cooperate.EU should not block tightly on Chinese high-tech any longer,but more open to a t tract the Chinese capital.As one of the membersof G20,the Chinese lea ders have frequently declared to help resolve European debt problems in a positive w ay.As early as September14,2011,Premier Wen Jiabao said in the Summer Davos Forum that Chinabelieves that the European economy can overcome the di culties,and China was w illing to expand investment in Europe.On January 15,People ’s Bank of C hinaGovernor Zhou Xiaochuan said China w ould continue to,under the principle of securit y ,liquidity and increasing value,invest in European government debt,and get more involved in e orts to help resolve the European debt crisis via all possible channels such as the IMF andFSF F ,,ybuy euro-zone bonds,meanwhile in-crease investment in European countries,especially direct investment of R MB.ese measures can not only greatly al-leviate the debt crisis in Europe,but also speed up the RMB internationaliza t ion and urge the EU to grant China ’s market economysta t us.And then,China should draw sup-port from IMF in order t o reduce the rescue risks and di culties,increase the securit y of t he rescue funds,and raise China ’s position in t he IMF aswell as in the w orld monetarysystem.Besides,for Chinese enterprises,the European debt crisis provides an overseas acquisition opportunit y.At the beginning of this year,Shandong H eavy Indust ry G roup bought 75%stake in a major European yacht manu-facturer,Italy ’s Ferrett i Group,€374mi ll ion.H eavy Indust ry H oldings Co.,Ltd.acquired 100%of Germany ’sFig u re 1Lo n g-te rm in te rest rate s o f all eu ro zon e co un tries (2011.10.09-2012.02.12)D B 72E t rade volum e increased b 4.7in ebruar this ear o which import growth 14.7is particularl signi i-E .or anot he r in the current Europe-an debt crisis China should appropriatel ata sou rce:E uro pean Ce ntral ank3EU R OP EPutzmeister equit y for €324million.And China St at e Grid C orporat ion purchased 25%of the shares of t he Port uguese Nat ional Grid C ompany with t he trading price of €387million.A series of acquisitions indicate that the overseas mergers and acquisit ions of Chinese enterprises are entering a new phase.How big is this ro le?Foreign m edia said t hat facingChina ’s ‘st ubborn ’attitude to t he EU ’s carbon tax,the EU chose t o remain silent because of its demand in China,nam ely the hope t hat China will bail out the debt crisis in Europe.Obviously European countries very much hope that China can help.But can China really playa signi cant role?If carefully look at the Figure 2,w e may nd tha t although EU ’simport from China has grown rapidly in the decade,but it st ill lags far behind EU ’s import from U.S.and the imports within the EU.C hina is not EU ’s largest import dest inat ion.Besides,because China ’s rigid demand for EU productsis relatively greater and EU frequently takes anti-dumping measures on China ’s exports,EU ’s trade dependenc e on China issmall.In other words,China doesn ’t have a big in uenc e on the EU ec onomic and trade.According to Commerce Depart-ment sta tistics,China ’s investment to the EU amounted to $4.278billion in 2011,increasing by 94.1percent,but Table 2shows China ’s investment inc ome in the EU is far below that of United States,Brazil,Singapore,Aust ralia,Canada,Russia and other European countries,es-pecially the United States,whose invest-ment income in the EU is six times that of China.What ’s more,many Chinese schol -ars believe that C hina doesn ’t have the a bility to rescue EU out of thishuge debt crisis.Statesman and economist Cheng Siw ei be lieves t ha t China cannot stage a “hero to the rescue ”of the drama,cannot be “a hero to save Europe .”China ’s GDP a ccountsfor 10%of the world,and China c annot easily dump its holdings of U.S.Treasuries of around $1.14trillion,be-c ause such a ste p could send U.S.bonds ,f “yf ”Fig ure 2EU's ma jo r imp or ters an d impo rt va lu es (Un it:Million s of e uro )Da ta source:Eu rop ean Union ’s statisti cs of ceDa ta source:Ge neralAd ministration of Customs o f the P.R.C.Trade Valueyear growth （±%）E x p o rtsIm p o rt s E x p o rt s an dIm p or ts E x p o rt s Im po rt s W o rl d 2604247061144706931459540147.3 6.97.7In d i a 493743226479772289455-5.1-1.2-10.7J ap an 2633959310426811159127820.514.9-9.3K o rea 1964774265404311310731111.721.26.9A SE A N 2594649110768395151780979.112.7 6.1E U 3711664419355617177610264.7-1.114.7So u th A fr ic a 34510705723422878729-1.2 3.5-2.9B razi l 52021311667474353465610.610.910.4Can ad a 3486919142581620611023.7 6.31.3U S 3059297419359425112335489.2123.1A u stral i a 8441259181613366251278.710.68N ew Z ealan d 6841591774405067192224.220.7Tab le 1th e to tal v alu e o f Chin a Imp ort an d Exp or t C o u ntr y (R e gion )in Jan ua ry,2012(Un it:US$tho u san d )PA R T E R N E R 201045,096o th er E ur op ean co u n t ri es 22,376A fr ic a 22,155B razi l 13,039Si n g ap o re 11,249A u st rali a 10,103C an ad a 8,675R us si a7,799C hi n a (ex cep t H on g K o ng )7,590Jap an 4,290In d i a2,932D U ’f Tab le 2EU In tern al Direct In vestme nt In come (Unit:Million s o f eu ro )erefore,the role played by China in the European debt crisis is very lim-ited.The key to solve the debt crisis is the political will and structural ref orms in Europe.T he G 20will push m ore pressure to the EU or promote inte nsify reform in Europe from the root of the problem.As Prem ier Wen Jiabao said in Da vos Forum,“Governments should ful ll their responsibilities and put their own house in order.e major developed ec onomies should adopt responsible and effective fiscal and monetary policies,properly handle debt issues,ensure the safety and stable operation of investment in the market,and maintain con denc e of investors around the w orld.”(A uthors:from S chool of Eco-B ,B j N U y,B j ,R )7pric es tumbling.Europe must ride out the storm through its own e orts instead o sending too man alse hopes to China.a ta s ourc e :Eu rope a n n i on s sta ti s ti c s o c enom ics a nd usine ss Adm inistra-tion ei ing orm al niversit ei-ing P..C。
欧洲高考英语试卷
Part I: Listening Comprehension (30 points)Section A (10 points)In this section, you will hear ten short conversations. After each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. You will hear each conversation and question only once. Choose the best answer from the four choices given.1. A. The man is looking for a job.B. The woman is offering to help the man.C. The man is discussing his studies.D. The woman is asking for advice.2. A. The library is closed on Saturdays.B. The library has a good collection of books.C. The woman is not a student.D. The man is a teacher.3. A. The man is playing tennis.B. The woman is going to the gym.C. The man is exercising at home.D. The woman is not interested in sports.4. A. The man is planning a trip.B. The woman is booking a hotel room.C. The man is looking for a travel agent.D. The woman is not going on vacation.5. A. The man is taking a test.B. The woman is helping the man study.C. The man is feeling nervous.D. The woman is not interested in the test.6. A. The man is cooking dinner.B. The woman is going to the store.C. The man is not hungry.D. The woman is not interested in cooking.7. A. The man is a doctor.B. The woman is a patient.C. The man is giving a medical report.D. The woman is not feeling well.8. A. The man is playing chess.B. The woman is playing cards.C. The man is not interested in games.D. The woman is not good at chess.9. A. The man is teaching English.B. The woman is learning English.C. The man is not a native speaker.D. The woman is not interested in learning English.10. A. The man is playing the piano.B. The woman is singing.C. The man is not musical.D. The woman is not interested in music.Section B (20 points)In this section, you will hear a passage. After hearing the passage, answer the questions that follow. You will hear the passage and the questions only once.Question 11-13 are based on the following passage:[Passage about the importance of education and the challenges faced by young people in Europe today.]11. What is the main topic of the passage?A. The benefits of education.B. The challenges of young people in Europe.C. The importance of higher education.D. The impact of technology on education.12. According to the passage, what are some of the challenges faced by young people in Europe?A. Lack of access to education.B. High unemployment rates.C. Financial difficulties.D. All of the above.13. What is the author's suggestion to overcome these challenges?A. Increase government spending on education.B. Encourage young people to be entrepreneurial.C. Provide more scholarships and financial aid.D. Both B and C.Part II: Structure and Written Expression (20 points)In this part, there are 10 sentences. Some sentences have errors intheir structure or written expression. You are to correct the errors and rewrite each sentence.14. I have never seen such beautiful scenery before in my life.15. The students were not able to finish their homework because the power was out.16. It was not until I arrived at the airport that I realized I had left my passport at home.17. She is so intelligent that she can solve any problem quickly.18. He is taller than his brother by a head.19. The more you exercise, the healthier you will feel.20. I was wondering if you could help me with my assignment.Part III: Reading Comprehension (30 points)Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.Passage:The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of 27 member states that are located primarily in Europe. The EU was established to foster economic integration and political cooperation among its member states. One of the main goals of the EU is to ensure peace and stability in Europe.Question 21-25:21. What is the primary purpose of the European Union?A. To promote economic growth.B. To maintain peace and stability.C. To increase trade between member states.D. To establish a single currency.22. How many member states does the EU currently have?A. 27B. 28C. 29D. 3023. What is one of the main challenges faced by the EU?A. High unemployment rates.B. Climate change.C. Political instability.D. All of the above.24. What is the EU's main goal regarding peace and stability?A. To establish a single military force.B. To promote economic integration.C. To prevent conflicts between member states.D. To create a single currency.25. According to the passage, what is one of the EU's most significant achievements?A. The establishment of the Schengen Area.B. The creation of the Euro.C. The signing of the Maastricht Treaty.D. The expansion of the EU's borders.Part IV: Writing (20 points)Write an essay on the following topic:"The Role of Technology in Education: Benefits and Challenges"Your essay should be at least 200 words. Be sure to include an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. Use a variety of sentence structures and vocabulary to demonstrate your language skills.。
中考英语新闻报道分析练习题50题
中考英语新闻报道分析练习题50题1.News: “Amazing Discovery in the Amazon Rainforest”What is the main focus of this news title?A.ScienceB.SportsC.EntertainmentD.Politics答案：A。
解析：这个新闻标题中提到了“Amazing Discovery”，通常与科学相关。
B 选项sports 与该标题内容不符。
C 选项entertainment 也不符合标题所传达的信息。
D 选项politics 与该标题毫无关系。
2.News: “Star Athlete Wins Gold Medal”What does this title suggest?A.A new movie releaseB.A sports achievementC.A music concertD.An art exhibition答案：B。
解析：标题中提到“Star Athlete Wins Gold Medal”，很明显是关于体育成就。
A 选项new movie release 在标题中没有体现。
C 选项music concert 与标题无关。
D 选项art exhibition 也不符合标题内容。
3.News: “Political Turmoil in Europe”What is the topic of this news?A.EconomyB.PoliticsC.Culturecation答案：B。
解析：标题为“Political Turmoil in Europe”，明确表明主题是政治。
A 选项economy 在标题中未提及。
C 选项culture 和D 选项education 也与该标题内容不相关。
4.News: “New Technology Revolutionizes Industry”What is the main idea of this title?A.Technology innovationB.Fashion trendsC.Food industryD.Tourism development答案：A。
中考英语新闻报道分析练习题30题
中考英语新闻报道分析练习题30题1.The headline “Amazing Discovery in the Amazon” is mainly about____.A.an adventure in the cityB.a discovery in the AmazonC.an event in the desertD.a story in the mountains答案：B。
本题主要考查对新闻标题的理解。
标题“Amazing Discovery in the Amazon”明确指出是在亚马逊的惊人发现，A 选项是在城市的冒险，与标题不符；C 选项是在沙漠的事件，也不符合；D 选项是在山里的故事，同样不对。
只有 B 选项是在亚马逊的发现，与标题内容相符。
2.“Breaking News: Star Athletes Shine at Olympics” is focused on____.A.actors in a movieB.scientists at a conferenceC.athletes at the OlympicsD.painters at an exhibition答案：C。
这个标题“Breaking News: Star Athletes Shine at Olympics”中明确提到了明星运动员在奥运会上闪耀，A 选项演员在电影里，不对；B 选项科学家在会议上，不符合；D 选项画家在展览上，也错误。
只有C 选项运动员在奥运会上与标题一致。
3.The title “New Technology Revolutionizes Education” is about____.A.changes in fashionB.advances in technology for educationC.events in sportsD.scenes in a park答案：B。
标题“New Technology Revolutionizes Education”说的是新技术革新教育，A 选项时尚的变化与标题无关；C 选项体育事件不符合；D 选项公园的场景也不对。
China_Economic_Outlook_2023
By Xu FeibiaoChina Economic Outlook 2023: A Global PropellerChina’s persistently strong, resilient economy has been fostering certainty in a world full of uncertainties.In December 2022, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) successively held two top-level meetings to review economic work in 2022, analyze the economic situation, and make arrangements for 2023. The two meetings delivered hope through clear and vigorous policy deployment which greatly boosted confidence in the Chinese market. With the world now engulfed in a pessimistic atmosphere due to crumbling economic growth, China’s persistently strong, resilient economy has been fostering certainty in a world full of uncertainties. RISING RISKS OF GLOBAL RECESSIONIn 2022, multiple adverse factors including geopolitical conflicts, worsening inflation, monetary tightening, and COVID-19 resurgences continued brutalizing the world economy. Experiencing steep ups and downs, the global economy recorded a 3-percent growth rate during the year, much lower than the previous year’s 6 percent. In 2023, the factorshindering global economic recovery remain, so as new challenges emerge, the world economy will likely stay sluggish. In terms of inflation, according to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the global inflation level will decrease from 8.8 percent in 2022 to 6.5 percent in 2023, still far higher than the pre-pandemic period, which will further erode the purchasing power of consumers and impact the balance of payments of countries around the world. In terms of currency, although major economies including the United States and European countries raised interest rates dramatically in 2022, nagging inflation remained, forcing central banks to continue raising interest rates and tightening liquidity. As for the geopolitical situation,10SPOTLIGHTThe author is a research fellow with the China Institutes of ContemporaryInternational Relations and director of the Center for BRICS and G20 Studies.inflation, low fiscal deficit, and low government debt make its macroeconomic environment more favorable than that of the U.S. and Europe, allowing China to adopt a wider variety of economic stimulus policies without worrying aboutinflation. China’s advantages in economic scale, human capital, and new industrial strengths in fields like the digital economy, new infrastructure, new energy, and artificial intelligence compose a solid foundation for the transformation of economic momentum.More importantly, China’s political and economic systems have endowed the Chinese government with strong mobilization and policy-making room, which can help the country pool resources, make concerted efforts to cope with difficulties, and promote steady economic development. In December 2022, the Central Economic Work Conference solidified policy arrangements for China’s economic work in 2023, including actively expanding domestic demand, strengthening construction of the modern industrial system, enhancing the role of private enterprises, planning a new round of reform, promoting high-level opening up, preventing and defusing economic and financial risks, and boosting public confidence. Withconsideration of domestic and international situations, these policies cover both short- and long-term issues and balance development and security to create strong drivers for China’s economic growth. Indeed, China’s economy is still facing many challenges. First, the uncertainty of the pandemic remains. Adjustments of pandemic prevention policies could exert pressure on the public health system and cause people to travel less, which might minimize the effects of reopening. Furthermore, various new coronavirusvariants from around the world could enter China, triggering a new infection wave andaffecting the recovery of the economy. Second, market confidence is still not stable enough. Confidence is key to economic rebound, but since 2020, the Chinese economy has performed worse than expected for consecutive years. The unemployment rate among young people is increasing, small andmedium-sized enterprises stillgrapple with difficulties, and household disposable income is lower than expected, resulting in insufficient confidence among consumers andinvestors and inefficient policy transmission that hinders the effectiveness of various policies. Third, reviving the real estate industry has been difficult. For many years, real estate contributed more than one-fourth of China’s economic drive, but the peak has passed, heralding a new period of placid growth, hurting its driving effect on economic growth. And the decline of external demand and the accelerated aging of the population have become new constraints hindering China’s economic growth.Considering all these factors together, China’s economic growth is expected to reach 5 percent to 6 percent in 2023 and serve as a major engine of the world economy by driving the growth ofcountries in its neighborhood, Africa, and Latin America. Recently, international banks including Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley raised the forecast for China’s economic growth in 2023 from around 4.5 percent to more than 5.2 percent, which demonstrates the international community’s growing confidence in the Chinese economy.Considering all these factors together, China’s economic growth is expected to reach 5 percent to 6 percent in 2023 and serve as a major engine of the world economy.CHINA-INDIA DIALOGUE13。
Where_There’s_Business,_There’s_a_Way
58CHINA TODAYIF not the world, Asia is definitely Chris Devonshire-Ellis’s oyster. By his own admission, he likes to spend winters in Sri Lanka and summers in Mongolia and Russia. When I caught up with him, he was in his office in Singapore. In China, he founded his company, Dezan Shira & Where There’s Business, There’s a Waythe ukraine crisis may disrupt the Belt and road but an old china hand sees it re-energizing the china-Eu trade relationship.By SUDESHNA SArKArDezan Shira & Associates is a pio-neering legal firm with a colorful his-tory and Chris has cornered a well-ensconced niche as one of the earliest “legally responsible persons” on the Chinese mainland. When he founded the company, there were no lawyers, only “legally responsible people.” To be one of them, Chris, who hailed from British shipyard owning gentry in Devonshire, had to master intricacies of Chinese law at a public library in Hong Kong in the evenings to pass the exam to get a license. Then he took the test in Guangzhou, cleared it, and got his license, setting up a represen-tative office in a hotel as that was the law then.The recent Ukraine crisis has gripped the attention of the world. In the middle of this crisis, we asked Chris about the impact it could haveon the Chinese economy and the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), especially as the main overland route of the initia-tive, going to Europe from China via Central Asia, Russia, and Belarus, is now facing disruptions.The China-Europe Railway, a major BRI project, links Chinese cities with 23 countries and 175 cities in Europe. Last year, the China-European Union traffic jumped up by over 100 percent with a record 15,183 train trips on the Eurasiaroute and 1.46 million TEU containers transported, according to Chinese railauthorities. The conflict and sanctions on Russian and Belarusian ports andother business entities are likely to seeconsiderable disruptions if the situa-tion continues to fester. F or example, Zyxel Communi-cations Corp, a maker of routers and switches based in the Taiwan region, recently announced it had stopped shipping to Europe by ChinaRailway due to the conflict. Ukraine’s Odesa Port has been closed, and Dan-Economy /gEtting doWn to BusinEssAssociates, in Shenzhen in 1992 and today, it is a behemoth with 25 offices in seven countries and regions across Asia. They provide multifaceted ser-vices, from market entry to foreign investors to HR and technology for businesses and individuals in China, India, ASEAN member countries, Rus-sia, and other countries along the Belt and Road. The China-proposed Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) moves into its new head office at the Asian Financial Center in Beijing in early 2020. The multilateral development bank aims to promote development across the world by developing itself into a new type of high-performance institution for international cooperation.Copyright ©博看网. All Rights Reserved.59April 2022The business community “that is responsible forgeneration of profits, paying taxes, and keeping the fiscal revenues of the EU afloat” will keep China-EU trade ties moving forward.ish shipping giant Maersk announced it was selling its over 30 percent share in Russian port operator Global Ports Investments.Chris, like all legal professionals, is cautious and believes it’s too early to get a bearing on things with certainty. However, a realignment of the Belt and Road and supply chains between the East and West is on the cards since businesses will seek out other routes. The Suez Canal, a well-known and well-trusted alternative, is still opera-tional. Besides, he foresees secondary routes coming to the fore.He mentions two options specifi-cally. One is developing the southern route of the Belt and Road passing through Central Asia and then go-ing through the Caspian Sea region. Shipments can pass through the Port of Baku in Azerbaijan, proceed to Ka-zakhstan’s western Aktau Port, then cross Uzbekistan and subsequently Georgia and Turkey to reach the Black Sea. From there, there are multimodal routes to southern Europe. Though this southern route of the Belt and Road has “some inefficiencies at pres-ent” and needs a lot of infrastructure improvement, he says with investment it can become a trade and investment hotspot.The second one is the International North-South Transport Corridor. This is an over 7,000-kilometer ship, rail, and road corridor running from South Asia, especially Mumbai in India, through Baku, Iran’s Chabahar Port, the Middle East, and then reaching East Africa.All this of course has geopolitical implications. Leaving aside Iran and changing relations between China and India, what impact could the Russia-Ukraine conflict have on China-EU business relations, given that many Western countries are unhappy that China did not agree to sanction Russia,nor did it vote to support the resolu-tion at the United Nations General Assembly demanding that Russia “immediately, completely, and uncon-ditionally withdraw all of its military forces from the territory of Ukraine within its internationally recognized borders?”This is literally a trillion-dollar question.In 2021, China-EU trade amounted to US $800 billion while the EU’s trade with Russia in goods notched up a respectable US $200 billion. Chris’s take is: “I think this will have impacts on the EU’s Global Gateway Initiative, which is being portrayed as a com-Trans-European Transport Network as well as part of the Europe-Caucasus-Asia Transport Corridor meant to boost trade and transport in Central Asia, the Black Sea basin, and the South Caucasus region.Chris calls this “indicative of more pragmatic cooperation between the EU and China.”While the anti-China and anti-Rus-sia rhetoric comes from politicians, the business community “that is respon-sible for generation of profits, paying taxes, and keeping the fiscal revenues of the EU afloat” will keep China-EU trade ties moving forward because, “It is not practical to cut Europe off from both Russia and China, that’s clearly absurd.”He thinks what’s happening with Russia will actually enable the EU to have greater involvement in the Belt and Road. “Rather than always looking at it from a negative perspective, we are going to see increasing amounts of collaboration between the EU, China, and businesses within both.”Another development because of the Ukraine crisis, as he sees it, will concern a collaboration in regional payment systems and definitely a boost for the Chinese renminbi.China has its own Cross-Border In-terbank Payment System (CIPS). The development of CIPS began in 2012. According to a Reuters report, CIPS had transactions amounting to nearly US $13 trillion in 2021.The use of renminbi is also expected to rise in Central Asia and the Eurasian Economic Union, of which Russia is a member, and China also has relations with. CSUDESHNA SARKAR is a journalist and editor based in Beijing. A former commen-tator for a regional program of Deutsche Welle Radio, she follows China’s develop-ment, culture, and international links.petitor to China’s Belt and Road Ini-tiative, but rather than competition, we are going to see more cooperation. This has actually already started to happen.”The cooperation Chris mentions here is referring to a railway project in Turkey that is being funded by both the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the Asian Infra-structure Investment Bank (AIIB). The nearly 70-kilometer high-speed railway line will go from Istanbul to Bulgaria’s border and is estimated to cost about € 1 billion. The Halkali-Kapikule line, which will have both freight and pas-senger trains, will be part of the EUCopyright ©博看网. All Rights Reserved.。
商务英语阅读(第二版)-王关富-Unit4The-Incredible-Shrinking-Europe-课后答案
Unit 4The Incredible Shrinking EuropeExercises1. Answers to the questions on the text:1) What was the dream that the Europhiles were familiar with?Their dream was to make E.U. a newly emboldened world power stepping up to calm trouble spots, using aid and persuasion where it could, but prepared to send in troops when it had to.2) Why does the passage say that Europe is a remarkably good place to live? Because Europe is more stable, safe, green and culturally diverse than most parts of the world and a quality life can be guaranteed in E.U. states.3) Does the good life at home make Europe strong abroad ? Why?No, a good life at home doesn’t mean a strong Europe abroad. Because the E.U. may have all the soft-power credentials in the world, but on the grand stage it has lacked the weight and influence of others on some big issues.4) What do Critics think of the selection of Herman Van Rompuy and Catherine Ashton as Europe's President and Foreign Minister?They consider the selection as symbolic of a lack of vision and it means the grouping will have to reconcile itself to five years of underperformance.5) What can be listed as E.U.’s achievements in the years around 1980s according to the passage?By extending an area of peace and liberal government to the east, the E.U. has done much to calm a part of the world that not long ago was the cockpit for murderous rivalries.6) In what way can Europe realize its own dreams and those of others according to the passage?It has to act as a true single bloc and win others to its side.7) Why does the German government face enormous domestic challenges in admitting its forces in Afghanistan are there to fight, not to be humanitarian workers in uniform ?Because one of modern Europe's most cherished convictions is that the force of arms rarely settles political disputes for long and European public opinion in the 20th century seems unwilling to commit to the war in Afghanistan for the long haul.8) What roles did Germany play in Europe in the 20th century?For the last half of the 20th century, Germany was at the heart of the European experiment. But since the end of the Cold War, it has stepped back from the E.U. and begun strengthening ties with Russia.9 What are the advantages for E.U. to be chosen as the White House’s partner?The advantages are that Europe is rich and democratic, and its values are closer to those of the U.S. than those of anywhere else.2. Fill in each blank of the following sentences with one of the phrases in the list given below. Make changes when necessary.1) China will adhere to the principle of developing high technology and realizingindustrialization to step up the commercialization, industrialization and internationalization of scientific and technological achievements.2) In the recent crisis no banks could manage to bail out the companies in financial pressure.3) In terms of the information from the Universe he is apathetic and sometimes irritable, he is like an ostrich sticking his head in sand.4) It will be up to the board to decide if the CEO should be removed.5) All our hopes rest upon the arrival of the shipment.6) The plan has already been worked out, and could be put into operation at a moment's notice.7) The whole machinery of civilization will break down if this doctrine wins in the war.8) His remarks hit home when he said that we did not work enough.9) Some analysts suspected that Toyota had pulled strings to stifle probes into its auto quality problems.10) Mercy is reaching out to those who have nothing to give back to you.3. Match the terms in column A with the explanations in column B:A ____________________ B_____________________________________1)free market A) Effects on the behavior of individuals causedby observation of the actions of others and theirconsequences. 32) coalition government B) An economic turmoil where companies gobankrupt, people are laid off, and markets aresluggish. There is a lot of panic in bothbusiness and daily lives.93) demonstration effects C) A market in which there is no economicinterventionby the state, except to enforceprivate contracts and the ownership of property.14) health insurance D) A qualified retirement plan set up by acorporation, labor union, government, or otherorganization for its employees. 6E) A form of collectivism by means of whichpeople collectively pool their risk, in this casethe risk of incurring medical expenses. 45) national interest F) The ability to obtain what one wants througheconomic or cultural means. It allows nations toexert their influence without using militarymeans or coercion. 86) pension scheme G) A fight or contention for territory, power,control, or resources between tow more partiesin a place or area.. 77) turf war H) Things of great importance to a nation,including its goals, visions and ambitions inpolitical, economic, cultural fields, etc. andactions, circumstances, and decisions to achievethem. 58) soft power I) A cabinet of a parliamentary government inwhich several parties cooperate. 29) economic crunch4. Translate the following into Chinese.有什么能让欧洲振奋起来吗？当然：如果欧洲领导人能像20年前那样抓住时机，欧盟就将繁荣昌盛。
欧洲五国的情况汇报英语
欧洲五国的情况汇报英语The situation in five European countries。
In recent years, the situation in five European countries has been a topic of great interest and concern. In this report, we will provide an overview of the current situation in these countries, including their economic status, political landscape, social issues, and cultural developments.First of all, let's take a look at the economic situation in these countries. Germany, as the largest economy in Europe, has been experiencing steady growth and has a strong manufacturing sector. France, on the other hand, has been facing challenges with high unemployment rates and slow economic growth. Italy has been struggling with high levels of public debt and a stagnant economy. Spain and the United Kingdom have also faced economic challenges, with the former recovering from a financial crisis and the latter dealing with the impacts of Brexit.Moving on to the political landscape, Germany has been led by Chancellor Angela Merkel, who has been in power for over a decade. France has seen the rise of Emmanuel Macron and his centrist movement, while Italy has experienced political instability with frequent changes in government. Spain has faced a separatist movement in Catalonia, and the United Kingdom has been navigating the complexities of Brexit and its impact on the country's political future.In terms of social issues, all five countries have been grappling with the effects of immigration and integration, as well as the rise of populist movements. Germany and France have been at the forefront of the European response to the refugee crisis, while Italy has faced challenges with migrant arrivals. Spain has been dealing with regional tensions, and the United Kingdom has seen divisions over Brexit and its impact on immigration policies.Finally, let's consider the cultural developments in these countries. Germany is known for its rich cultural heritage, including music, literature, and art. France continuesto be a global center for fashion, cuisine, and the arts. Italy is celebrated for its contributions to art, architecture, and design. Spain has a vibrant cultural scene, with a strong emphasis on music, dance, and festivals. The United Kingdom has a diverse cultural landscape, with influences from its multicultural society and historical traditions.In conclusion, the situation in these five European countries is complex and multifaceted, with each country facing its own unique challenges and opportunities. As we continue to monitor and analyze the developments in these countries, it is important to recognize the interconnectedness of their economies, politics, societies, and cultures, and to consider the implications for the broader European and global context.。
欧洲五国的情况汇报英文
欧洲五国的情况汇报英文The Situation of Five European Countries。
Europe, as one of the most developed and culturally diverse continents in the world, is home to a number of influential countries. In this report, we will take a closer look at the current situation in five European countries: Germany, France, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom.Germany, known for its strong economy and efficient infrastructure, continues to be a key player in the European Union. With a focus on innovation and technology, Germany has maintained its position as a global leader in engineering and manufacturing. The country also prides itself on its commitment to renewable energy and environmental sustainability. However, Germany faces challenges related to an aging population and the integration of immigrants, which have sparked debates on social and economic policies.France, with its rich history and cultural heritage, remains a top tourist destination and a center for art, fashion, and cuisine. The country has made efforts to modernize its economy and improve its business environment, but it still grapples with high unemployment rates and social unrest. The recent protests and strikes have brought attention to issues such as income inequality and labor reforms, posing a challenge to the government's ability to address these concerns effectively.Italy, famous for its ancient ruins, picturesque landscapes, and delicious cuisine, faces economic and political uncertainties. The country's high public debt and slow economic growth have raised concerns about its financial stability. Additionally, Italy's political landscape has been marked by instability and frequent changes in leadership, which have impacted the country's ability to implement long-term reforms and address pressing issues such as immigration and social welfare.Spain, known for its vibrant culture and sunny beaches, has been making efforts to recover from the effects of the global financial crisis. The country has shown signs of economic recovery, with improvements in employment and business confidence.However, Spain still grapples with high levels of public debt and regional tensions, particularly in Catalonia. The ongoing debate over Catalan independence has created political uncertainty and raised questions about the country's future stability and unity.The United Kingdom, with its rich history and global influence, has been navigating the complexities of Brexit and its implications. The decision to leave the European Union has sparked debates and uncertainties about the country's future trade relations, immigration policies, and economic prospects. The UK's efforts to negotiate a withdrawal agreement and define its post-Brexit relationship with the EU have been met with challenges and divisions within the government and the public.In conclusion, the five European countries of Germany, France, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom each face unique challenges and opportunities. As they continue to navigate political, economic, and social complexities, it is important for these countries to address their internal issues while also collaborating with their European counterparts to uphold stability and prosperity in the region.。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
But former EU economics official Mario Monti notes that the continent still has several strong economies, and he says overall the problem may not be as bad as it appears.
"The impact will largely depend on whether the European financial crisis will be contained or whether it will escalate," Darvas said. "If it will escalate and Europe ends in a deep recession, certainly the impact in the rest of the world, not just on emerging countries, but also on the U.S. and other advanced countries, may be very, very adverse."
Many developing countries live or die economically on the strength of their exports. Whether it is workers in India making auto parts, or those developing software, coffee plantation workers in Laos, or carpet weavers in Egypt - all have one thing in common. Their most important buyers are people in Europe and other developed regions.
But as Europe's financial crisis forces governments to cut their budgets, and slows economic activity, many consumers have less to spend. And that is having a ripple effect around the world.
Monti believes relative economic strength in some areas will help Europe work its way out of the current crisis over time.
But that may be small consolation for those who depend on the continent to be a strong market for their products and services.
Economics researcher Zolt Darvas at the Bruegel research organization in Brussels says low demand will likely continue for several years in some European countries, and maybe for longer.
"Of course, there is a huge combined banking and public budget crisis in several eurozone member states," he said. "However, if we take the eurozone as an aggregate, the problem is smaller than it is in the U.S., in the U.K. or in Japan."
பைடு நூலகம்
"For most of the countries, the European Union is one of the most, if not the most, important business partners for trade, for investment, for imports and exports," said Philippe de Buck, director general of BUSINESSEUROPE, an organization of European chambers of commerce.
Even a big economy like China is not immune from Europe's problems. The port of Shanghai is a major gateway for the country's products, but the government announced that its meteoric growth in exports slowed in September due to a drop in demand from Europe and the United States.
Europe’s Economic Crisis Hits Developing Countries
The European economic crisis is having an impact around the world, and causing concern that if it is not ended soon it could spread to a variety of countries that depend on Europe to buy their exports.