考研英语大纲附录3常用前后缀

附录3常用的前缀和后缀，部分国家（或地区）、语言、国民及国籍表，洲名及常见缩写词

一、常用的前缀和后缀

1、常用前缀

aero-：concerning the air of aircraft

plane-aeroplane 飞机

space-aerospace 航空空间

anti-：against；opposite of

nuclear-antinuclear 反对核武器的

matter-antimatter反物质

war-antiwar反战的

auto-：of or by oneself

biography传记–autobiography自传criticism批评-autocriticism自我反省

be-：to treat as the stated thing

friend-befriend以朋友的方式对待；照顾little-belittle使显得微小，轻视、贬低

bi-：two；twice；double

lingual-bilingual 双语的；人

cycle-bicycle

bio-：concerning living things

chemistry-biochemistry生化

sphere-biosphere 生物圈

by-，bye-：less important

produce-by-produce

way-byway偏僻小路；学科的次要领域，冷门

centi-：hundredth part

grade-centigrade ˈ摄氏

meter-centimeter 厘米

co-：together，with

author-coauthor合著者，合著

exist-coexist 同时共存、和平共处

col-：( used before l ) together，with location-collocation排列，配置，词的搭配com-：( used before b，m，p ) together，with passion-compassion 怜悯、同情

con-：together，with

centric-concentric同一中心的、同轴federation-confederation结盟同盟，联邦contra-：opposite

diction-contradiction 矛盾、否定反驳natural-contranatural违背自然的cor-：( used before r ) together，with

relate-correlate 有相关性

respond-correspond 相符合相一致，相当类似通信

counter-：opposite

act-counteract 对抗、抵消

attack-counterattack 反攻、反击

cross-：across；going between the stated things and joining them

country-crosscountry越野的

breed-crossbreed杂种，使杂交

de-：showing an opposite；to remove；to reduce code-decode 译码、解码、分析电子信号value-devalue 贬值，贬低

dis-：not；the opposite of

advantage-disadvantage 不利、劣势、短处agree-disagree不同意、不一致、不适合honest-dishonest 不诚实、不老实

em-：( used before b，m，p ) to cause to become body-embody 表现、象征；包括、包含power-empower 授权、准许

en-：to cause to become；to make

danger-endanger 危及、使遭受危险

large-enlarge 扩大、扩充放大

ex-：former ( and still living )

minister-ex-minister v辅助; 服侍,部长

wife-ex-wife 前妻

extra-：outside；beyond

curricular-extracurricular 学校课程以外的ordinary-extraordinary 奇怪；特别；额外，临时

fore-：in advance，before；in or at the front arm-forearm前臂，预先武装

warn-forewarn 预先警告；事先告知

il-：( used before l ) not

legal-illegal 非法

literate-illiterate 目不识丁、文盲的

im-：( used before b，m，p ) not

moral-immoral 不道德、邪恶；放荡的possible-impossible 不可能、办不到的；很难接受

in-：not

direct-indirect 间接地，婉转的

sensitive-insensitive 感觉迟钝，不友好的；麻木

infra-：below in a range；beyond

red-infrared 红外线的structure—infrastructure 基础设施，基础结构

inter-：between；among change—interchange 互换、互易；交替变换national—international 国际的

intra-：inside，within；into

city—intracity市内的

department--intra-department

ir-：（used before r）not regular—irregular 不对称、不规则的；不定期的

responsible—irresponsible 不负责

kilo-：thousand

gram—kilogram千克

meter--kilometer

macro-：large，esp. concerning a whole system rather than

particular parts of economics—macroeconomics 宏观经济学structure—macrostructure宏观结构

mal-：bad or badly function—malfunction 故障，障碍treat—maltreat 虐待、滥用

micro-：extremely small computer—microcomputer 微机electronics—microelectronics 微电子学

mid-：middle

day—midday 中午

night—midnight 午夜

mini-：small；short

bus—minibus 小汽车

skirt—miniskirt超短裙

mis-：bad or badly；wrong or wrongly fortune—misfortune 不幸，厄运；灾难、灾祸

understand—misunderstand误会误解

mono-：one；single

plane—monoplane单翼机tone—monotone 单调的

multi-：more than one；many purpose—multipurpose多种用途的，多目标national—multinational多国的，跨国公司non-：not

resident--non(-)resident〉①不住在某地的②(指工作)不要求任职者住在工作地点的；不住在旅馆等中的

sense—nonsense 胡说，无聊的事物

out-：outside；beyond

live--outlive比(某人)长寿; 活到(某事)已被遗忘door—outdoor户外的露天

over-：too much；above；additional

head--overhead离地面的; 头顶上的; 上空的, 架空的

time--overtime超出的时间; 额外的时间费poly-：many

centric—polycentric多中心的syllabic—polysyllabic 多音节的

post-：later than；after graduate—postgraduate 研究生的，生war—postwar战后的

pre-：before；in advance

pay—prepay预付

war—prewar战前的，在战前

pro-：in favor of，supporting

America--pro-America

abortion--pro-abortion 早产

pseudo-：not real；false name—pseudonym假名，化名；笔名science—pseudoscience 伪科学

re-：again；back to the former state unite—reunite重聚，再联合

use—reuse 再用

self-：by means of oneself or itself；of，to，with，for，or in

oneself or itself

employed--self-employed

taught--self-taught

semi-：half；partly

circle—semicircle半圆形

final—semifinal半决赛

step-：not by birth but through a parent who has remarried

mother—stepmother继母children—stepchildren养子

sub-：under，below；less important；part of the stated bigger

whole

divide—subdivide再分，细分

section--subsection分部,分段,小部分,小单位,细分

super-：more，larger，greater than usual market—supermarket超市natural—supernatural超自然的，超自然的现象

tele-：at or over a long distance；by or for television communication—telecommunication电信