新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读 b unit 6
5-8新世纪研究生英语阅读B课文 答案 翻译
e.g. —— We were dumbfounded by all the damage done by the storm.
—— Victor stared dumbfounded as the woman continued to scream abuse at him.
—— I’ve bought the sound track of that movie.
aisle n. a passageway between rows of seats, as in an auditorium or an airplane 通道
然而，我们却没有办法听到电影的声音，因为有两个小孩在座位上蹦蹦跳跳、大声嚷嚷、还在过道上跑来跑去。我从来没有见到过他们的家长在场。就这样过了几个晚上, 有一次，我就跟踪这两个孩子到了餐厅。在那里有一男一女正清闲地吃着饭。
—— She stood back and regarded him coldly.
facility n. buildings, equipment and services provided for a particular purpose; sth that facilitates an action or process 设施，设备
—— He was consumed with guilt after the accident.
—— I haven’t been following the conversation with rapt attention.
我们住在一间带有小电影院的乡村客栈。每天晚上电影放映之前，我和丈夫都教育三岁大的儿子坐好别说话。除了偶尔小声问问题外，他都全神贯注地坐着。
新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读BUnit
Unit 9Animal EmotionsLaura TangleySheer joy. Romantic love. The pain of mourning.Scientists say pets and wild creatures have feelings, too.1. Swimming off the coast of Argentina, a female right whale singles out just one of the suitors that are hotly pursuing her. After mating, the two cetaceans linger side by side, stroking one another with their flippers and finally rolling together in what looks like an embrace. The whales then depart, flippers touching, and swim slowly side by side, diving and surfacing in perfect unison until they disappear from sight.2.In Tanzania, primatologists studying chimpanzee behavior recorded the death of Flo, a troop’s 50-year-old matriarch. Throughout the following day, Flo’s son, Flint, sits beside his mother’s lifeless body, occasionally taking her hand and whimpering. Over the next few weeks, Flint grows increasingly listless, withdrawing from the troop —despite his siblings’ efforts to bring him back–and refusing food. Three weeks after Flo’s death, the formerly healthy young chimp is dead, too.3.A grief-stricken chimpanzee? Leviathans in love? Most people, raised on Disney versions of sentient and passionate beasts, would say that these tales, both true, simply confirm their suspicions that animals can feel intense, humanlike emotions. For their part, the nation’s 61 million pet owners need no convincing at all that pet dogs and cats can feel angry, morose, elated—even jealous or embarrassed. Recent studies, in fields as distant as ethology and neurobiology, are supporting this popular belief. Other evidence is merely anecdotal, especially for pets — dogs that become depressed, or even die, after losing a beloved companion, for instance. But the anecdote —or case study in scientific parlance—has now achieved some respectability among researchers who study animal behavior. As University of Colorado biologist Marc Bekoff says, “The plural of anecdote is data.”4.Still, the idea of animals feeling emotions remains controversial among many scientists. Researchers’ skepticism is fueled in part by their professional aversion to anthropomorphism, the very nonscientific tendency to attribute human qualities to non-humans. Many scientists also say that it is impossible to prove animals have emotions using standard scientific methods —repeatable observations that can be manipulated incontrolled experiments —leading them to conclude that such feelings must not exist. Today, however, amid mounting evide nce to the contrary, “the tide is turning radically and rapidly,” says Bekoff, who is at the forefront of this movement.5.Even the most strident skeptics of animal passion agree that many creatures experience fear —which some scientists define as a “primary” emotion that contrasts with “secondary” emotions such as love and grief. Unlike these more complex feelings, fear is instinctive, they say, and requires no conscious thought. Essential to escape predators and other dangers, fear — and its predictable flight, fight, or freeze responses — seems to be hard-wired into many species. Young geese that have never before seen a predator, for example, will run for cover if a hawk-shaped silhouette passes overhead. The shape of a nonpredatory bird, on the other hand, elicits no such response.6.But beyond such instinctual emotions and their predictable behavioral responses, the possibility of more complex animal feelings —those that entail mental processing —is difficult to demonstrate. “I can’t even prove that another human being is feeling happy or sad,” says Bekoff, “but I can deduce how they’re feeling through body language and facial expression.” As a scientist who has conducted field studies of coyotes, foxes, and other canines for the past three decades, Bekoff also believes he can accurately tell what these animals are feeling by observing their behavior. He adds that animal emotions may actually be more knowable than those of humans, because they don’t “filter” their feelings the way we do.7.Yet because feelings are intangible, and so tough to study scientifically, “most researchers don’t even want to talk about animal emotions,” says Jaak Panksepp, a neuroscientist at Bowling Green State University in Ohio and author of Affective Neuroscience. Within his field, Panksepp is a rare exception, who believes that similarities between the brains of humans and other animals suggest that at least some creatures have true feelings. “Imagine where we’d be in physics if we hadn’t infer red what’s inside the atom,” says Panksepp. “Most of what goes on in nature is invisible, yet we don’t deny that it exists.”8.The new case for animal emotions comes in part from the growing acceptability of field observations, particularly when they are taken in aggregate. The latest contribution to this body of knowledge is a new book, The Smile of a Dolphin, which presents personal reports from more than 50 researchers who have spent their careers studying animals —from cats, dogs, bears, and chimps to birds, iguanas, and fish. Edited by Bekoff, who says it will finally “legitimize” research on animal emotions, thevolume has already garnered scientific attention, including a Smithsonian Institution symposium on the subject.9. One of the most obvious animal emotions is pleasure. Anyone who has ever held a purring cat or been greeted by a bounding, barking,tail-wagging dog knows that animals often appear to be happy. Beastly joy seems particularly apparent when the animals are playing with one another or sometimes, in the case of pets, with people.10.Virtually all young mammals, as well as some birds, play, as do adults of many species such as our own. Young dolphins, for instance, routinely chase each other through the water like frolicsome puppies and have been observed riding the wakes of boats like surfers. Primatologist Jane Goodall, who has studied chimpanzees in Tanzania for four decades, says that chimps “chase, somersault, and pirouette around one another with the abandon of children.” In Colorado, Bekoff once watched an elk race back and forth across a patch of snow — even though there was plenty of bare grass nearby —leaping and twisting its body in midair on each pass. Though recent research suggests that play may help youngsters develop skills needed in adulthood, Bekoff says there’s no question that it’s also fun. “Animals at play are symbols of the unfettered joy of life,” he says11.Grief also seems to be common in the wild, particularly following the death of a mate, parent, offspring, or even close companion. Female sea lions witnessing their pups being eaten by killer whales are known to actually wail. When a goose, which mates for life, loses its partner, the bird’s head and body droop dejectedly. Goodall, who saw the young chimp Flint starve after his mother died, maintains that the animal “died of grief.”12.Elephants may be nature’s best-known mourners. Scientists studying these behemoths have reported countless cases of elephants trying to revive dead or dying family members, as well as standing quietly beside an animal’s remains for many days, periodically reaching out and touching the body with their trunks. Kenyan biologist Joyce Poole, who has studied African elephants since 1976, says these animals’ behavior toward their dead “leaves me with little doubt that they experience deep emotions and have some understanding about death.”13.But there’s “hard” scientific evidence for animal feelings as well. Scientists who study the biology of emotions, a field still in its infancy, are discovering many similarities between the brains of humans and other animals. In animals studied so far, including humans, emotions seem to arise from ancient parts of the brain that are located below the cortex,。
新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读B_课后答案1-8单元
UNIT ONE Party PoliticsP8 I Comprehension Check1-5 DCDAB 6-10 DDCABP10 V ocabulary StudyI 1-5 CBADB 6-10 CDBCDII 1.etiquette 2.looped 3.unaccountable 4.told off 5. conspicuously 6. pesky 7.let loose 8.racy 9.murky 10.ticklishP11III TranslationTo invite eminent persons to help make advertisements should be regarded as one of the best advertising strategies and could, of course, produce a spectacular(powerful) VIP effect, privided that those celebrities are perfectly willing to accept the invitation and, more importantly, the products to be advertised are genuine and of fair prices. Sometimes, while a commodity is of inferior quality, the advertisement is full of words lavishing praise on it, if a celebrity shows up as an image agent for such a product, the advertisement could, if any, be temporarily successful before it turns the brand of the product in question notorious and, more disastrously, ruins the reputation of the eminent person thereafter. So, the famous are well advised to think more than twice before they agree to appear on the commercial.P13 Key to Supplementary ReadingsA.1-5 FFFTT 6-10 FTFTTB.1-5 FTFTF 6-10 FTFTFUNIT TWO The New SinglesP29 I Comprehension Check1-5 BDBDC 6-10 ACCADP31 V ocabulary StudyI 1.neo-realist 2.neo-Nazis 3.Neo-fascist 4.neocolonialism 5. neologisms6.neo-Darwinist7.neoclassical8. neonatesII 1.fostering 2.reaved 3.holy grail 4.mainstay 5.twenty-somethings 6.heterosexuals 7.mandatory 8.embracing 9.meditating 10.fusionP32III TranslationNowadays in the city’s tonier residential districts there are peple named as singles, who are usually young, rich and tech-savvy professionals and choose independently their own lifesyles. The number of singles has increased dramatically over the recent years. The reasons of remaining single are various:some may be busy exploring careers without putting their marriage into the agenda, some may indulge in their jobs, travel, entertainment, physical fitness or friendship, More than 80% of them have not abandoned the value of marriage, and they say they aspire to marry or they want to be married someday, but they are patient and feel content being single until they meet the right person.Key to Supplementary Readings(略)UNIT THREE Doctor’s Dilemma:Treat or Let Die?P51 Comprehension Check1-5 BCCBD 6-10 DCDADP53 V ocabulary StudyI 1.outstrip 2.limbo 3.ceased 4. in the wake of 5. paramount 6.ethical 7.prolonged 8. thorny 9.congenital 10.subsequentlyII 1.euthanasia 2.salvaged 3.deformity 4.defects 5. handicaps 6.lingering 7. grapple 8. allegedly 9.acquitted 10.frontiersIII TranslationPeople who are energetic, happy, and relaxed are less likely to catch a cold than those who are depressed, nervous, or angry. When the brain is “happy”, it sends messages to our organs that help keep the body healthy and sound. Y our chance of developing the common cold, pneumonia, or even cancer may very well be decreased by keeping your brain in a healthy state. In addition, happy and relaxed people are prone to better health practices than their negative and stressed counterparts. They are more likely to get plenty of sleep and to engaged in regular exercise, and have been shown to have lower levels of certain stress hormones.P59 Key to Supplementary ReadingsA.1-5 FTFTF 6-10 TTTFT B 1-5 FFTTF 6-10 TFTFFUNIT FOUR The Cultural Patterning of SpaceP71 Comprehension Check1-5 BABCC 6-9 DDDBP73 V ocabulary StudyI 1-5 begja 6-10 hcifdII 1.anthropologists 2. Patterns 3.tangible 4. persistent 5. infringe 6. integrate 7. secular 8. spatial 9.florist’s 10.ArchitectureIII TranslationAs one travels abroad and examines the ways in which space is handled, startling variations are discovered; differrences which we react to vigorously. Since none of us are taught to look at space as isolated from other associations, feelings cued by the handling of space are often attributed to something else. In growing up people learn literarily thousands of spatial cues, all of which have their own meanings in their own contexts.当人们到海外旅游时，如果留心观察外国人如何处理空间关系，就会发现许多令人惊讶的不同之处；而这些不同之处总让我们反应强烈。
新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读B第二版课后练习题含答案
新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读B第二版课后练习题含答案简介《新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读B第二版》是一本针对研究生英语学习而编写的辅导教材。
该教材分为两部分，包括听说和阅读。
其中，阅读部分共分为10个单元，每个单元包含一篇阅读材料和相关练习题。
为了帮助学生更好地掌握教材内容，我们针对该教材的阅读部分提供了答案和解析。
第一单元阅读材料The Year of the HorseThe year of the horse is fifth in the Chinese zodiac. It is a symbol of speed, power, and luck. People born in this year are thought to be intelligent, independent, and hardworking. They tend to be ambitious and enjoy taking risks. The year of the horse is sd to bring good fortune, and many people believe that starting a new venture or project during this time will bring success.练习题1.What is the year of the horse known for?A. Intelligence, independence and hard workB. Speed, power and luckC. Collaboration and teamworkD. None of the above答案：B2.What type of person is born in the year of the horse?A. Ambitious and enjoys taking risksB. Lazy and unmotivatedC. Unintelligent and dependentD. None of the above答案：A3.What do many people believe about starting a new venture orproject during the year of the horse?A. It will bring bad luckB. It will have no impactC. It will bring successD. None of the above答案：C第二单元阅读材料The Benefits of GardeningGardening is a popular hobby for many people. It involves planting, cultivating, and mntning plants and flowers. In addition to being a rewarding and enjoyable activity, gardening also has a number of health benefits. Studies have shown that spending time outdoors and with naturecan reduce stress levels and provide a sense of well-being. Gardening also provides moderate exercise and can help improve muscle strength and flexibility. Additionally, growing your own fruits and vegetables can provide a source of healthy and fresh produce for you and your family.练习题1.What is gardening?A. A popular indoor activityB. A hobby involving plants and flowersC. A profession involving animal careD. None of the above答案：B2.What are some health benefits of gardening?A. Reduced stress levels and a sense of well-beingB. Decreased physical activityC. Increased joint pnD. None of the above答案：A3.What is a potential benefit of growing your own fruits andvegetables?A. A source of unhealthy and stale produceB. A source of fresh and healthy produceC. A source of unhealthy and spicy produceD. None of the above答案：B结论通过阅读以上两篇材料和相关练习题，我们可以更好地了解“马年”和园艺对我们的生活和健康的影响。
新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读B_课后答案精品
新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读B_课后答案精品UNIT TWO The New SinglesP29 I Comprehension Check1-5 BDBDC 6-10 ACCADP31 Vocabulary StudyI 1.neo-realist 2.neo-Nazis 3.Neo-fascist 4.neocolonialism 5. neologisms 6.neo-Darwinist7.neoclassical 8. neonatesII 1.fostering 2.reaved 3.holy grail 4.mainstay 5.twenty-somethings 6.heterosexuals 7.mandatory 8.embracing 9.meditating 10.fusionP32III TranslationNowadays in the city’s tonier residential districts there are peple named as singles, who are usually young, rich and tech-savvy professionals and choose independently their own lifesyles. The number of singles has increased dramatically over the recent years. The reasons of remaining single are various:some may be busy exploring careers without putting their marriage into the agenda, some may indulge in their jobs, travel, entertainment, physical fitness or friendship, More than 80% of them have not abandoned the value of marriage, and they say they aspire to marry or they want to be married someday, but they are patient and feel content being single until they meet the right person.UNIT THREE Doctor’s Dilemma:Treat or Let Die?P51 Comprehension Check1-5 BCCBD 6-10 DCDADP53 V ocabulary StudyI 1.outstrip 2.limbo 3.ceased 4. in the wake of 5. paramount6.ethical7.prolonged8. thorny9.congenital 10.subsequentlyII 1.euthanasia 2.salvaged 3.deformity 4.defects 5. handicaps 6.lingering 7. grapple 8. allegedly 9.acquitted 10.frontiersIII TranslationPeople who are energetic, happy, and relaxed are less likely to catch a cold than those who are depressed, nervous, or angry. When the brain is “happy”, it sends messages to our organs that help keep the body healthy and sound. Your chance of developing the common cold, pneumonia, or even cancer may very well be decreased by keeping your brain in a healthy state. In addition, happy and relaxed people are prone to better health practices than their negative and stressed counterparts. They are more likely to get plenty of sleep and to engaged in regular exercise, and have been shown to have lower levels of certain stress hormones.P59 Key to Supplementary ReadingsA.1-5 FTFTF 6-10 TTTFT B 1-5 FFTTF 6-10 TFTFFUNIT FIVE Can You Raise a Polite Kid in This Rude World?P94 Comprehension Check1-5 BDADB 6-9 AADBP95 V ocabulary StudyI 1-5 deigj 6-10 hfabcII 1.provocative 2. notional 3. curb 4.devastating 5. appalling 6.perspective 7. counterpart 8. fray 9.defuse 10.frustratedIII TranslationWealth exposed American manners to continuing international scrutiny because it underwrote an expansion of tourism. In the late nineteenth century the American abroad symbolized for some the dangders of sudden wealth and became an instrument to expose comparative social codes and standardsof morality. Boasting, vulgarity, obsessive acquisitiveness, and insensitivity were soon associated with this early version of the Ugly American. Representing a small portion of the population, the international travelers seemed to stand for the whole country in the eyes of many foreigners, and it was the prodigality of their wealth, the apparently limitless wallets and purses, that seemed most dangerous. American money threatened to loot the Old World of its historic treasures, and aggressive celebrity hunters and relic gatherers to invade European privacy as well. 财富使美国人的行为一直受到国际上的关注，因为它是旅游业的基础。
新世纪研究生公共英语教材 阅读A--第六单元课文及翻译
Unit 6 How Service Experiences Affect Students During college，service participants exhibit greater increases in social self confidence and leadership ability than do non-participants.大学期间，参加社会服务的学生比不参加社会服务的学生更能提高自己的领导能力和社交方面的自信。
1. Currently，higher education is confronting urgent calls to return to its original mission of developing a well-informed, critically thinking, and civically engaged citizenry.当前对高等教育最迫切的要求是它能重新担负起其最初的使命，即培养广闻博见、独立思考、社会意识强的公民。
2．What exactly can higher education do to promote citizenship development among students, and at the same time address the myriad problems that continue to plague society?高等教育究竟该怎样才能做到既能进一步提高学生的公民意识，又能解决仍在困扰社会的诸多问题呢？3. One answer may be found within the college or university curriculum, through the simple but extremely powerful pedagogical tool known as "service learning". The basic idea behind service learning is to use a community or public service experience to enhance the meaning and impact of traditional course content. Connecting service directly with academic courses makes it quite different from "volunteer" work that is performed in the community. Service learning also involves more than simply sending a class of students into communities for additional course credit. Properly designed service learning courses relate the community service experience to the course material and require that students reflect on their experiences through writings, discussions, or class presentations. Service learning not only enriches traditional course content by giving the student an opportunity to "test" or "demonstrate" abstract theory in the real world, it also improves the quality of the service being performed by giving it an intellectual underpinning.一种解决方案在于大学的课程设置，即把“社会服务学习”作为简单但强有力的教育工具。
新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读B-课后答案1-8单元
UNIT ONE Party PoliticsP10 V ocabulary StudyI 1-5 CBADB 6-10 CDBCDII 1.etiquette礼仪 2.looped 环 3.unaccountable莫名其妙 4.told off责备 5. Conspicuously明显的6. pesky讨厌7.let loose放开8.racy活泼9.murky模糊10.ticklish厌恶的A.1-5 FFFTT 6-10 FTFTTB.1-5 FTFTF 6-10 FTFTFUNIT TWO The New SinglesP31 V ocabulary StudyI 1.neo-realist新现实主义 2.neo-Nazis 新纳粹 3.Neo-fascist新法西斯主义4.neocolonialism新殖民主义5. neologisms新词6.neo-Darwinist新达尔文主义7.neoclassical新古典8. neonates新生儿II 1.fostering 培育 2.reaved穿绕 3.holy grail圣杯 4.mainstay支柱5.twenty-somethings二十出头 6.heterosexuals异性恋7.mandatory强制性8.embracing拥抱9.meditating沉思10.fusion聚变UNIT THREE Doctor’s Dilemma:Treat or Let Die?P53 V ocabulary StudyI 1.outstrip超过2.limbo打入冷宫3.ceased停止4. in the wake of在之后5. paramount最重要的 6.ethical合乎道德的7.prolonged经久8. thorny多刺的9.congenital先天性10.subsequently后来II 1.euthanasia 安乐死2.salvaged打捞3.deformity畸形4.defects缺陷5. handicaps 障碍 6.lingering缠绵7. grapple抓钩8. allegedly据称9.acquitted 无罪释放10.frontiers前沿P59 Key to Supplementary ReadingsA.1-5 FTFTF 6-10 TTTFT B 1-5 FFTTF 6-10 TFTFFUNIT FOUR The Cultural Patterning of SpaceP73 V ocabulary StudyI 1-5 begja 6-10 hcifdII 1.anthropologists人类学家2. Patterns模式3.tangible有形4. persistent一贯, 固执5. infringe违犯6. integrate整合, 结合, 7. secular世俗8. spatial空间性9.florist’s花店10.Architecture建筑UNIT FIVE Can You Raise a Polite Kid in This Rude World?P95 V ocabulary StudyI 1-5 deigj 6-10 hfabcII 1.provocative挑衅2. notional概念上的3. curb抑制4.devastating压倒性, 破坏性5. appalling骇人听闻的6.perspective透视7. counterpart副本，对方8. fray磨损9.defuse化解10.frustrated受挫1、销售人员向委员会申请（Petition）关于1200个选举人的财政深入调查的申2、房东解雇了仆人他总是把钱装进口袋里（pocketed）装房子里的钱3、通过一年半的探索，这个生态学家是异常兴奋的（thrill）4、迟做总比不做好是陈词滥调（platitude）在英语中。
新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读B课文原文及翻译
新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读B课文原文及翻译Unit1Party PoliticsJudith Martin1. Etiquette at an office party? Why, these people have been socializing happily every working day of their lives, give or take a few melees, rumors, and complaint petitions. All it takes to turn this into holiday merriment is a bit of greenery looped around the office—the staff will soon be looped, too. Surely it is enough that the annual Christmas party has the magic ingredients: time off from work, free food and drink, and a spirit of fun replacing such ugly work realities as sexual harassment.2. Furthermore, partygoers figure, it offers relief from such pesky obligations as thanking anyone or being kind to wallflowers because there really aren‟t any hosts. Nobody has to pay (that same Nobody who generously provides the telephone line for long-distance personal calls), and so nobody‟s feelings need be considered.3. This is all pure hospitality—there for the taking, like the office-supplied felt-tipped pens everyone has been pocketing all year. Out of the natural goodness of its corporate heart and the spirit of the holiday season, the company wishes only to give its employees a roaring good time, and the employees, out of loyalty and the thrill of getting to know their bosses off-duty as equals, delight in the opportunity.4. For those still dimly aware of the once-standard give-and-take of real social life, this no-fault approach to business entertaining seems a godsend. In the now-rare domain of genuine society, hosts are supposed to plan and pay for the entertainment of their guests, on their own time and in their own houses. Guests have strict duties, as well—from answering invitations to cooperating with all arrangements, even to the extent of pronouncing them perfectly lovely.5. Business entertaining appears to remove the burdens of time, effort, money, individual responsibility—and the etiquette connected with them. The people who do the planning are paid for their trouble, so those who benefit need not consider they have incurred a debt. Why, the annual Christmas party ought to be an inspiration to lower-level employees to work their way into realms where company-sponsored partying can be enjoyed all year long.6. Not so fast. Flinty Miss Manners does not recognize any holidays from etiquette. (Employees, if not employers, should consider themselves lucky that she is only on the Party Committee, not the one that might take up ethical questions about those pens and calls.) Office parties differ from private ones but are no freer from rules.7. If it were indeed true that everyone has a better time without etiquette, Miss Manners could easily be persuaded to take the day off. But having long served on the Office Party Etiquette Cleanup subcommittee, she is aware that things generally do not go well when there is no recognized etiquette and everyone is forced to improvise.8. Let us look at all this spontaneous, carefree fun: There being no proper place for the boss, he or she hangs around the door, concerned about mixing with everyone. It might discourage hospitable bosses to see guests staring at them in horror and then slithering in by a side door. But etiquette‟s solution of having everyone greeted in a receiving line was rejected as too stiff. So one can hardly blame employees for recalling a long-ingrained principle of the workplace: Seeing the boss and having a good time are best not scheduled at the same time.9. Desperate to make the time count, the boss grabs the nearest available person and startsdelivering practiced words about the contribution he makes to their great enterprise. The reaction is not quite what was hoped for. Discreet questioning establishes that this is an employee‟s guest. He doesn‟t work for the company, recognize the boss, or appreciate the attention—and, as a matter of fact, has only a passing acquaintance with the employee who issued the invitation. What this guest wants is not professional fellowship but a fresh drink, if the boss would kindly step out of the way.10. Now, the reason the invitation said “and guest” was to avoid the ticklish issue of who is still married to whom and what the spouse calls itself. Last year, unmarried employees were furious when their partners were not included, and married employees complained that the forms by which their spouses were addressed were offensive: “Mrs.” offended women who preferred “Ms.,” and wives who had the same surnames outraged everybody who didn‟t. This year, the complaints will be from spouses who were not told that there was a party or who were told that spouses weren‟t invited—but found out otherwise. There won‟t be many complaints. They will, however, be memorable, darkly charging the company with promoting immorality.11. Meanwhile, what about those who are interested in promoting a bit of immorality, or just plain romance, of their own? They, too, are creating problems that will reach far into the new year. True office romances are the least of them, with their charges of favoritism and melding professional and personal time. More serious is the fact that, in spite of the liquor and high spirits, it still counts as sexual harassment when anyone with supervisory powers makes unreciprocated overtures to a lower-ranking employee. And foolhardy when a lower-ranking employee annoys a higher-ranking one.12. Some employees have their minds only on business and will be spending party time actively promoting workaday concerns. Remembering the company rhetoric about open communications and all being in this together, they will actually seek out the boss, who by this time is grateful to be addressed by anyone at all.13. But they do n‟t want to engage in platitudes. They accept compliments with: “Well, then how about a raise?” They plead for promotions, explain confidentially who ought to be fired, and advance previously submitted ideas about revolutionizing the business that have been unaccountably unappreciated for years. In one evening, they manage to cut through the entire hierarchy and procedures the boss has painstakingly established for the purpose of being spared this kind of importuning.14. Eventually—usually somewhat late in the party—it occurs to someone that this informal setting is just the time to offer the boss some constructive personal criticism. What else does talking frankly and informally mean but an invitation to unload opinions without any career consequence?15. Here is where the company has pulled a fast one on its employees. “Go ahead,” it has said, “relax, have a good time, forget about the job.” And the naive have taken this at face value. This event is called a party—a place where one lets loose without worrying about being judged by the cold standard of professional usefulness.16. Even employees who adhere strictly to standard business dress in the office may not know what the bosses might consider vulgar in evening wear. Here is a chance to show off their racy and imaginative off-duty clothes. But over there are supervisors murmuring that people who look like that can‟t really be sent out to represent the company.17. Worse are the comments on anyone whose idea of fun is a little boisterous. It may be just thebehavior that makes one a delight—or a trial—to one‟s friends. But here, it is not being offered for the delight or tolerance of friends. It is being judged on criteria other than whether the person is a riot.18. It is not that Miss Manners wants to spoil the office party by these warnings. She just wants to prevent it from spoiling careers. And the solution is what was banished from the party for being too inhibiting: etiquette.19. The first formality that must come back is inviting everyone by name. The practice of merely counting every invitation as two is as dangerous as it is unflattering. But people who have been clearly identified and told that they must respond—the suggestion must be made neutrally, to show that the party is a treat, not a requirement—already have some sense that they are both individually sought after and expected to be responsible.20. What constitutes a couple is a murkier question than Miss Manners and any sensible employer ought to investigate, but employees simply can be asked to supply the name of a spouse or friend they want to invite. (An office party can be limited by confining it to employees, in which case it should be held during office hours. But inviting spouses and such is better. Having to work is enough distract ion from one‟s more intimate relationships, and the staff was not compiled like a guest list, according to personal compatibility.21. Since we have established, Miss Manners hopes, that the point of an office party is not whooping it up or telling people off, what is it? It is showing appreciation of the staff.22. This starts with a well-run receiving line. However much popular opinion may regard receiving lines as nasty ordeals, they were invented to be, and remain, the easiest way to get everyone recognized by the key people. The oldest receiving-line trick in the world still works: Someone whose business it is to know everyone—or someone unimportant enough to be able to ask each guest his name—announces the guests to the host as they go through the line. The host can then scornfully declare: “Of course I know Annette. We couldn‟t run this place without her.” For extra charm, the employee‟s guest is also told how wonderful that employee is. This always seems more sincere than straight-out flattery, and from then on, whenever the employee complains that everyone at the office is an idiot, the spouse will counter by repeating that appreciation.23. It is often erroneously assumed that the style of the party ought to be what employees are used to: their own kind of music, food, and other things the executive level believes itself to have outgrown. Nonsense. What employees want is a taste of high-level entertaining. This may vary greatly according to the nature of the business. If, however, the party is too formal for the employees‟ taste, they‟ll get a good laugh and enjoy the contrast all the more when they continue partying on their own afterward.24. The clever employee will dress as the executives do, keeping in mind that there are few fields in which people are condemned for looking insufficiently provocative. Refusing or limiting drinks is not the handicap at business parties that it may be under the overly hospitable eye of a private host. And the real opportunity for career advancement is not petitioning a boss but rescuing one who has been cornered or stranded, thus demonstrating that one knows how to talk charmingly about nonbusiness matters.25. At the end, there is another receiving line. That is, the bosses plant themselves conspicuously by the exit, grabbing the hand of anyone trying to get away and thanking him for coming. Even the dimmest guest will then realize it is appropriate to thank back—that is, to realize that something has been offered and deserves gratitude.26. After all, isn‟t that why the office Christmas party is given?27. If the only goal were for the company to show the staff its appreciation, this could be effectively done with a day off and a bonus to go with it.第一单元晚会之道朱迪丝•马丁1. 办公室晚会礼节？有这个必要吗？员工们每天开开心心地彼此交往，虽然时不时会推推撞撞，发生点儿口角，传播点儿谣言，或是联名写点儿投诉信。
新世纪研究生公共英语教材B阅读理解课后答案及听力B案
听力:Lesson1 43312 11334 32314 , part B 42221Lesson2 42443 22332 33231 , 13424Lesson3 24312 24423 13312 , 12244Lesson4 44113 22441 13413 , 24214Lesson5 12433 24123 31312 , 32321Lesson6 11142 44241 14123 , 31344Lesson7 31234 33441 31444 , 44314Lesson8 11211 34211 24213 , 没有（Part B 可能不考）阅读理解课后答案:Unit 1 vocabulary study第一部分选择32142 34234第二部分替换etiquette ，looped, unaccountable , told off, conspicuously , risky , let loose , racy ,nurky , ticklishUnit 2 vocabulary study第一部分选词填空neo-realist 新现实主义, neo-Nazis 新纳粹主义，Neo-fascist 新法西斯主义，neocolonialism新殖民主义，neologism新词，neo-Darwinist 新进化论, neoclassical新经典, neonate新生儿第二部分选词填空Fostering，has raved , holy grail , mainstay ,twenty-something , Heterosexual , mandatory , embracing , meditating , fusionUnit3 vocabulary study第一部分替换Outstrip ，limbo ,ceased ,in the wake of , paramount ,ethical , prolonged ,thorny ,congenital, subsequently第二部分选词填空Euthanasia ,salvaged ,deformity ,defects ,handicaps , lingering ,grapple ,allegedly , acquitted ,frontiersUnit4 vocabulary study第一部分连线1B 2E 3G 4J 5A 6H 7C 8I 9F 10D第二部分选词填空Anthropologists , patterns , tangible , persistent , infringe , integrate, secular , spatial , florist’s , architectureUnit5 vocabulary study第一部分连线1d 2e 3i 4g 5j 6h 7f 8a 9b 10c第二部分选词填空Provocative , notional , curb , devastating, appalling , perspective ,counterpart ,fray , defuse , frustratedUnit6 vocabulary study第一部分替换Outgoing ,petite ,emphatically , self-possessed ,quest ,personable ,fantasiled, buy into , defer , caught up第二部分选词填空Involved , committed , figure out , convinced , affluent , tied down , quest , the end of the rainbow ,therapeutic , formulatingUnit7 vocabulary study 没讲Unit8 vocabulary study第一部分连线1j 2h 3g 4a 5b 6i 7d 8c 9f 10e第二部分选词填空Aggressive , stereotyped ,inhibit ,masculine , disapproval , subsistence , speculate , perceive ,socialize , prone 相信能就一定能考试时间6月17号东校区三教（逸夫教学楼）选择是难，更何况是心灵选择。
Unit-6新世纪研究生英语阅读B课文-答案-翻译
Unit-6新世纪研究生英语阅读B 课文-答案-翻译Unit 6The New American DreamersRuth SidelText and language points1. She is the prototype of today’s young woman—confident, outgoing, knowledgeable, involved. She is active in her school, church, or community. She may have a wide circle of friends or simply a few close ones, but she is committed to them and to their friendship. She is sophisticated about the central issues facing young people today—planning for the future, intimacy, sex, drugs, and alcohol—and discusses them seriously, thoughtfully, and forthrightly.She wants to take control of her life and is trying to figure out how to get from where she is to where she wants to go. Above all, she is convinced that if she plans carefully, works hard, and makes the right decisions, she will be a success in her chosen field; have the material goods she desires; in time, marry if she wishes; and, in all probability, have children. She plans, as the expression goes, to “have it all.”prototype // n. someone or something that is one of the first and most typical examples of a group or situation 原型；典型；样板Examples:The prototype of this particular computer was developed by an American in 1975.No damage to the prototype aircraft was reported after its first test flight.Baltimore is now cited as the prototype of successful civic entrepreneurship .outgoing / ☺☺✋/ a.liking to meet other people, enjoying their company, and being friendly towards them 爱交际的；外向的Examples:We're looking for someone with an outgoing personality.I am an outgoing, lively person who enjoys adventures and meeting new people. knowledgeable: knowing a lot 知识渊博的；有见识的Examples:She’s very knowledgeable about plants.We are looking for people who are knowledgeable about the oil and banking industries.The sales staff are all knowledgeable, helpful, and cheerful.involved: giving a lot of time or attention to someone or something; emotionally committed 关注的；投入的Examples:She was deeply involved with the local hospital.I was so involved in my book I didn’t hear you knock.committed / ☜❍✋♦✋♎/ a.willing to work hard and give your time and energy to something; believing strongly in something 尽心尽力的；效忠的；坚定的Examples:We are fully committed to Equal Opportunity policies.The company looks for highly committed people who are willing to study for further professional qualifications in their own time.sophisticated // a. having a lot of experience of life and good judgment about socially important things 老练的; 世故的Examples:Sophisticated readers understand the book’s hidden meaning.She was glamorous (富有魅力的) and sophisticated, but seemed a little lonely.intimacy /✋✋✋/n.the state of having a close personal relationship with someone; the act of sex 亲密关系；亲近；性行为Examples:His claims to be on terms of intimacy with the President are somewhat exaggerated (夸大的).Building houses far apart reduces intimacy among neighbors.Intimacy between teachers and students is not recommended.figure out: to think about a problem or situation until you find the answer or understand what has happened 算出；领会到；断定Examples:Can you figure out how to do it?If I have a map, I can figure it out.He needs to sit down and figure out how many people are coming.convinced: feeling certain that something is true 确信的；深信的Examples:Molly agreed, but she did not sound very convinced.I was convinced that we were doing the right thing.Herschel was firmly convinced of the possibility of life on other planets.forthrightly: directly and honestly, used in order to show approval 直率地；直截了当地In the election of 2004, President Bush ran forthrightly on a clear agenda for US's future and the US responded by giving him a mandate.If Alito is asked such questions, and refuses to answer forthrightly and completely, the Senate should simply not consent to his appointment.With the humility and generosity of spirit for which he is well known, John Paul speaks forthrightly to all people.1. 她是现今年轻女子的典型——自信外向、知识渊博、做事投入。
新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读B_课后词汇题及答案(1至8章全)
Lesson11.The representative presented to the committee a petition signed by 1,200 electors asking fora thorough probe into the financial scandal surrounding the candidate for the regionalsegislature.2.The landlady fired the servant who pocketed household funds for his own use.3.After exploring for more than half a year, the ecologist felt a great thrill from spotting therare species at the foot of the mountain.4.“Better late than never” is a platitude that is very familiar to most English speakers.5.The couple had been trying to satisfy all the needs of their only youngster, who had beenimportuning for more pocket moneny all the time.6.The unruly crowd became even more boisterous when the negotiator tried to quiet them.7.The belief that one should work hard and be honest is deeply ingrained in our culture.8.The company was financially cornered and almost went into bankruptcy during last year’seconomic recession.9.The employees tried to avoid every risk that might incur her displeasure during the firstmonth after her divorce.10.In order to prevent a sudden outbreak of hostilities, we must make no provocative move.Replce the italicized parts in the following sentence with the appropriate forms of words or expressions from the text.11.The author of the book made a comparative study of courtesy between the two differentcultrues. (etiquette)12.After long night of revelry at the New Year’s Eve party ,most of the guests weredrunk.(looped)13.Since the beginning of last month, she has suffered now and then from a sharp andunexplained headache for which the doctors are trying to find a cure.(unaccountable)14.The security guard spoke angrily and seriously to the group of noisy boys acting up in thegarden of the hotel. (told off )pared with all his peers, the young engineer had been noticeably successful in thatfield.(conspicuously)16.Many men tend to regard daily housework such as cooking, cleaning and laundry to be anirritating nuisance. (pesky)17.The psychiatrist encouraged his patient to release all his resentment at the way life hadtreated him.(let loose)18.In this lively romantic historical novel, the author narrates a riveting love story between twogreat figures of the 19th century. (race)19.She was depressed by the gloomy, fog-bound scene on the waterfront and felt even morelonely.(murky)20.The chairman advised both parties to calm down and be rational because thy had reached asensitive stage of their business negotiations.(ticklish)Lesson21.Italian neo-realist cinema focused on working—class subjects, using amateur actors andfilming on location, rather than in the studio.2.Despite his wartime atrocities,(暴行)Hitler is still revered by neo-Nazi in many countries.3.Neo-fascist groups are an increasing threat to ethnic minorities across Europe.4.By neocolonialism we mean the practice of granting a sort of independence with theconcealed intention of making a liberated country a client—state.5.The tutor tried hard to dissuade(阻止) students from using neologism in formal writing.6.He is a neo-Darwinis t who always preaches that the evolutionary development of plants andanimals is principally determined by natural selection, and that acquired characteristics cannot be inherited.7.The architect traveled around the whole of Europe seeking Palladio’s wonderful 16th-centuryneo-classical buildings.8.In view of the still unknown physical risks that cloning might impose on neonates, caution isappropriate.9.The challenge for the future lies in fostering conditions in cities that will be favorable toeconomic growth.10.The old lady raved about her grandchildren for about an hour.11.Gene therapy-----the actual correction or replacement of defective gene sequences in theembryo or the adult ------is the holy grail of genetic medicine.12.Through genetic engineering, will scientists be tampering with the genetic diversity that hasbeen the mainstay of human survival in the past?13.A news release by the Chinese Ministry of Personnel printed in a few leading newspapers andon news websites caught the attention of thousands of twenty-somethings in October.14.For many reasons, the vast majority of heterosexuals still prefer the “old—fashioned”,sexual way of producing children. No other method better expresses the loving union of a man and a woman seeking to make a baby.15.It is absolutely mandatory that every driver of a vehicle must pass a driver’s license test.16.In today’s lightning—speed world many singles are embracing the newest trend inrelationship ----- speed dating-------to size up a potential love interest.17.As a young man, he spent a lot of time meditating upon the purpose of life.18.She really enjoyed the film because it was a(n) fusion of history and contemporary events.Lesson 31.In China, home computer ownership is expected to exceed that of the U.S. and Europecombined. ( outstrip )2.The company has been placed in a state of uncertainty as the board decides what to donext.( limbo)3.He wrote quickly, but from time to time the stopped and outbreak of civil war. ( ceased)4.Thousands of refugees left the country following the outbreak of civil war.( in the wake of)5.An airline spokesman stated that the safety of passengers was absolutely of the most important.(paramount)6.The use of animals in scientific tests raises difficult moral questions. (ethical) coverage of the match had to be extended when it went into over—time.（prolonged）8.He’s a good person to be with if ever you’re in a tough situation. ( thorny)9.He seemed to be a born liar. ( congenital)10.The operation was rather painful, but I felt a lot better afterwards. (subsequently)11.In the Netherlands euthanasia has already been legalized.12.Some observers doubt whether the peace process can be salvagedck of essential minerals can cause deformity in unborn children.14.All the cars are tested for defects before they leave the factory15.We help people with mental or physical handicaps to find work16.She had a(n) lingering sense of guilt for some time after breaking off her relationship withHenry.17.The Government has to grapple with the problem of unemployment.18.He was arrested for allegedly stabbing his former wife19.To her relief she was acquitted of all the charges laid against her.20.The frontiers of medical knowledge are being pushed farther outwards as time goes on.Lesson 41.Westerners perceive shape and dimensions. (size)2.see cross—cultural varieties of spatial perception (types)3.any intrusion of one activity into a space (penetration)4.essence of beauty the Japanese call “shibumi”(core)5.the word means “in a house” or “from a chamber”(room)6.adaptations to specific environment (adjustments)7.the amount of distinguishing landmarks in a region (distinctive)8.make careful distinctions among different spatial elements (differentiation)9.secular and sacred activities are kept apart. (holy)10.different perceptions of time may cause cultural conflicts. (clashes)11.Time is not a “mere connection”, as some English anthropologists would lead us to believe,but one of the most basic organizing systems of life, because all situational behavior has a temporal and a spatial dimension.12.Patterns are those implicit cultural rules by means of which sets are arranged so that theytake on meaning.13.In fact, compared with more tangible assaults on his character------namely Jones’pendingsexual—harassment lawsuit and the federal investigation into White—water ------words in a book could barely hurt him.14.A small but persistent group of critics, many of them supported by the oil and coal industries,still don’t buy it.15.Mr. Smith, who was worried that the ban might infringe on the rights of law—abiding gunowners , had already voted against the bill.16.After all, scientists noted, HIV is a retrovirus, a class of infectious agents known for theiralarming ability to integrate their own genes into the DNA of the cells they infect.17.Suddenly, perfectly secular folks were throwing around words like sanctity and dredging upmedieval—era arguments against the hubris of science.18.My study of space---- how people experience it and create a model of the spatial world in thecentral nervous system-----forced me to acknowledge the perceptual clichés of my culture. 19.My ignorance of both hydroponics and of florist’s shops made me feel somewhat ill at ease.Consequently I did not communicate in the manner I generally use when I am speaking on afamiliar subject in a familiar setting.20.To understand an organization, you have to consider all of its components. Organizations arenetworks of related parts. Each element works together with the others to support efficient operations. The new MBA buzzword for it all is Organizational Architecture.Lesson 51.sat in rapt attention (complete; engrossed)2.pay for the use of the inn’s facilities (resources; means)3. a seemingly intelligent couple condone behavior that is so obviously rude (overlook; ignore)4.witness the abominable display (contemptible)paring assessments of (appraisals)6.her friend’s mother was livid (furious)7.learn to behave more gallantly than they feel (bravely; politely)8.call a neighbor a jerk (idiot; fool)9.become aggressive, demanding and rude at the slightest provocation(irritation; annoyance)10.the result of thoughtlessness rather than of deliberate aggression. (intentional; purposeful)11.It is not our desire to be provocative, but the status quo cannot continue. Neither can thepresent standoff, without the danger of a more serious confrontation that nobody wants.12.Like all derivatives, they function, essentially, as bets on the direction of particular markets.So coveted is such insurance that the total face amount -----or “notional value”-----of swaps and similar contracts has soared to an astronomical $11 trillion.13.Annoyed, shareholders have moved to curb such abuses-----just as they have moved toremove a number of CEOs in recent months.14.The day was star—crossed, Friday, October 13th, on the eve of the second anniversary of a(n)devastating market crash.15.In a(n) appalling demonstration of the mistreatment of recruits and their meager food rations,in March 1993 four sailors on Russky Island in the Far East died of malnutrition.16.Even more interesting, from a business perspective,is the so—called intranet----thecollection of networks that connect computers within corporations---- that both Sun and Microsoft have targeted as a rich area for growth.17.She was at times less successful winning over her counterpart at the U.N., who, likeNapoleon’s army, travels on his stomach.18.Members of the NASA—led team arrived in Washington fully prepared to enter the fray.19.Negotiation could sometimes defuse these situations and produce more acceptableconsequences for both parties.20.It may not seem much consolation to point out that the teacher, too, becomes frustrated whenhis efforts appear to produce less than obvious result.Lesson 61.Marsgall’s skills and her pleasant and sociable personality made her very effective in herpublic relations job. (outgoing)2.Mary was small, pretty, and very ambitious (petite)3.He has always strongly and clearly denied the allegations. (emphatically)4.On the surface Dana was calm and self—assured, but I knew that this wasn’t completely thecase. (self-possessed)5.Many of its best—educated residents have been driven to neighboring counties in search ofbetter jobs. (quest)6.He was certainly the most attractive and pleasant lecturer there. (personable)7.For a while she imagined that she was a rich woman, living in a beautiful house. (fantasized)8.I like the idea of getting married but I don’t accept the traditional view of what marriageshould be all about. (buy into)9.They decided to postpone the wedding until Pam’s mother was out of the hospital (defer)10.The government got involved in a bitter dispute between the miners and theiremployers.( caught up)11.Fathers are encouraged to be more involved with their families.12.Edinburgh sees itself as a university of the new millennium, committed to research andteaching.13.I couldn’t figure out who the lady with the sunglasses was.14.Researchers are convinced that there is a genetic cause for the disease.15.Spatial mobility tends to be highest among the most affluent groups on the one hand and thepoorest on the other.16.She didn’t want to be tied down by a full-time job.17.She loves her life and is immersed in the quest for knowledge for knowledge’s sake.18.It seems like everybody in America is looking for the end of the rainbow19.Some claim that the herb has therapeutic value for treating pain.20.She has lots of good ideas, but she has difficulty formulating them.Lesson 71.The old lady complained continuously about the way her granddaughters dressed.(carped)2.His painting gave a concrete form to the spirit of the age.(embodied)3.The poor couple suffered great pain every night over the decision to send their sons to schooland keep their only daughter at home to help with farming work.(agonized)4.He issued an open and direct denial of the story that he was involved in bribery.(outright)5.Bill looked hard at the computer screen, wondering what his programming mistakewas.(peered)6.Mary’s parents knew clearly that their daughter’s poor scores would keep her out of anyprestigious university.(mediocre)7.The company was flooded with application letters after their advertisement for newemployees appeared in local newspapers.(inundated)8.The manager stubbornly opposed the suggestion to reduce his staff despite his failingbusiness.(bucked)9.John Bull is always speaking sharply to the workers for no apparent reason.(snarling at )10.The rain came gradually to a stop before we got started.(petered out)11.Gas lamps became obsolete when electric lighting became popular.12.It is ver hard for me not to wince when I see a nurse putting a needle into my arm.13.No one would deny that the marathon is the most grueling event in the sports meet.14.The whizzed through the rehearsal so that there would be time for a short meeting.15.The film star made a(n) pretentious speech to journalists, stating that he only cared about art,not wealth.16.The senator squelched the reporters who tried to interrupt him during his speech.17.It took a long time for him to mull over the whole thing before eventually making a decision.18.It was exciting to see such a movie for the first time, but we soon became jaded when ourTV was flooded with programs of a similar kind.19.Jane hoped her new housemaid could be trusted, but she will had some misgivings.20.When the war broken out, a large number of refugees crossed the border, seeking sanctuaryin the neighboring country.21.Fame happened almost overnight for the 25-year-old actress, but she has been unfazed by allthe recent media attention.22.The man posed as a health-worker in order to get into the old lady’s house, and then stole hermoney.23.Years ago, people would have scoffed at the notion that robots would operate on patientsinstead of surgeons.24.Mrs. Williams was upset when she heard that her son had misbehaved at school.Lesson 81.This hostile and aggressive attitude towards the host country evidently grows out of thegenuine difficulty which the visitor experiences in the adjustment process.2.Many teachers have stereotyped opinions concerning naughty pupils.3.It is natural for people to have hope, admiration, and jealousy. To inhibit such feelings is cruelbecause it goes against human nature.4.Some research suggests that woman with masculine-sounding names such as “Sam”and“Chris” are more successful in the business world.5.It’s said that in Slav areas it is not wise to nod approval or shake one’s head in disapproval,because the meanings of these gestures are opposite to the anglicized cultural meanings.6.In this poverty—stricken area, many of the families are forced to live at the subsistence level.7.We must first understand the ordinary rules of stability and the pervasive patterns of naturalhistory before we can speculate on the origin of the major body plants.8.He was only able to perceive black and white: he could not see properly.9.In recent years, young parents, female professionals, and well-educated parents are morelikely to socialize their children into more equal gender roles.10.Men are more prone to revenge injuries than to requite kindness, says Thomas Fuller.。
新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读 B Unit 6
Text Learning
• Who is the new American dreamer?
– Young women in the United States.
Your Topic Goes Here Text Learning
• What is the background of the new American dreamers?
Questions about the text
• 6. What is their attitude towards Marriage (intimate relationship) and having Children? • 7. Explain “…see material success as a key prize at the end of the rainbow” in Paragraph 8. • 8. In Paragraph 11, why does the author want to show us by mentioning “a nuclear war” panic? • 9. Explain “Everything will be fifty-fifty” in Paragraph 15. • 10. Compare traditional women and new American dreamers in terms of American dream.
Text Learning
American dream to women
New prototypes
Traditional prototypes
1. Latest true believer; 2. Take greater control in workplaces & lives; 3. Make their own way, determine their own destiny.
新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读b课文翻译
新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读b课文翻译在新世纪，随着我国研究生教育的蓬勃发展，提高研究生英语素质成为一项重要任务。
新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读B课文，不仅具有较高的教学价值，更是培养研究生英语阅读与翻译能力的优秀资源。
本文将对阅读B课文进行简要概述，探讨课文翻译的实践与技巧，并分析如何提高翻译质量与阅读理解能力。
阅读B课文的主要内容涵盖了各种主题，包括科技、文化、社会、教育等，旨在帮助研究生扩大知识面，提高阅读理解能力。
通过对这些主题的学习，研究生可以了解到国际前沿的研究成果，培养跨文化交际的能力。
此外，阅读B课文还注重培养研究生的英语应用能力，特别是翻译能力。
在课文翻译实践中，要注意以下几点：1.忠实原文：翻译时要遵循原文的意思，不得随意增删内容，保证信息的准确性。
2.语言表达：注意语法和词汇的准确性，力求简洁明了，易于理解。
3.文化适应：在翻译过程中，要充分考虑中西方文化差异，使译文符合目标读者的阅读习惯。
4.保持风格一致：在翻译时要注意原文的文体和风格，使译文与原文相符。
为了提高翻译质量与阅读理解能力，可以采取以下方法：1.多读：通过大量阅读，积累词汇、语法和表达方式，提高翻译的准确性。
2.多做练习：将阅读B课文作为翻译练习材料，不断提高翻译水平。
3.参加翻译培训课程：有条件的情况下，可以参加专业的翻译培训课程，系统学习翻译理论和技巧。
4.交流与反馈：与同学、老师或母语为英语的人士交流，获取宝贵的意见和建议，改进自己的翻译水平。
总之，新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读B课文具有很高的教学价值和翻译价值。
通过深入学习和实践课文翻译，研究生可以提高英语阅读理解能力和跨文化交际能力，为今后从事国际学术交流和合作奠定坚实基础。
在学习过程中，要注重翻译技巧的培养，不断提高译文质量。
新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读BUnit
新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读BUnitUnit 9Animal EmotionsLaura TangleySheer joy. Romantic love. The pain of mourning.Scientists say pets and wild creatures have feelings, too.1. Swimming off the coast of Argentina, a female right whale singles out just one of the suitors that are hotly pursuing her. After mating, the two cetaceans linger side by side, stroking one another with their flippers and finally rolling together in what looks like an embrace. The whales then depart, flippers touching, and swim slowly side by side, diving and surfacing in perfect unison until they disappear from sight.2.In Tanzania, primatologists studying chimpanzee behavior recorded the death of Flo, a troop’s 50-year-old matriarch. Throughout the following day, Flo’s son, Flint, sits beside his mother’s lifeless body, occasionally taking her hand and whimpering. Over the next few weeks, Flint grows increasingly listless, withdrawing from the troop —despite his siblings’ efforts to bring him back–and refusing food. Three weeks after Flo’s death, the formerly healthy young chimp is dead, too.3.A grief-stricken chimpanzee? Leviathans in love? Most people, raised on Disney versions of sentient and passionate beasts, would say that these tales, both true, simply confirm their suspicions that animals can feel intense, humanlike emotions. For their part, the nation’s 61 million pet owners need no convincing at all that pet dogs and cats can feel angry, morose, elated—even jealous or embarrassed. Recent studies, in fields as distant as ethology and neurobiology, are supporting thispopular belief. Other evidence is merely anecdotal, especially for pets — dogs that become depressed, or even die, after losing a beloved companion, for instance. But the anecdote —or case study in scientific parlance—has now achieved some respectability among researchers who study animal behavior. As University of Colorado biologist Marc Bekoff says, “The plural of anecdote is data.”4.Still, the idea of animals feeling emotions remains controversial among many scientists. Researchers’ skepticism is fueled in part by their professional aversion to anthropomorphism, the very nonscientific tendency to attribute human qualities to non-humans. Many scientists also say that it is impossible to prove animals have emotions using standard scientific methods —repeatable observations that can be manipulated incontrolled experiments —leading them to conclude that such feelings must not exist. Today, however, amid mounting evide nce to the contrary, “the tide is turning radically and rapidly,” says Bekoff, who is at the forefront of this movement.5.Even the most strident skeptics of animal passion agree that many creatures experience fear —which some scientists defin e as a “primary” emotion that contrasts with “secondary” emotions such as love and grief. Unlike these more complex feelings, fear is instinctive, they say, and requires no conscious thought. Essential to escape predators and other dangers, fear —and its predictable flight, fight, or freeze responses — seems to be hard-wired into many species. Young geese that have never before seen a predator, for example, will run for cover if a hawk-shaped silhouette passes overhead. The shape of a nonpredatory bird, on the other hand, elicits no such response.6.But beyond such instinctual emotions and their predictable behavioral responses, the possibility of more complex animal feelings —those that entail mental processing —is difficult to demonstrate. “I can’t even p rove that another human being is feeling happy or sad,” says Bekoff, “but I can deduce how they’re feeling through body language and facial expression.” As a scientist who has conducted field studies of coyotes, foxes, and other canines for the past three decades, Bekoff also believes he can accurately tell what these animals are feeling by observing their behavior. He adds that animal emotions may actually be more knowable than those of humans, because they don’t “filter” their feelings the way we do.7.Yet because feelings are intangible, and so tough to study scientifically, “most researchers don’t even want to talk about animal emotions,” says Jaak Panksepp, a neuroscientist at Bowling Green State University in Ohio and author of Affective Neuroscience. Within his field, Panksepp is a rare exception, who believes that similarities between the brains of humans and other animals suggest that at least some creatures have true feelings. “Imagine where we’d be in physics if we hadn’t infer red what’s inside the atom,” says Panksepp. “Most of what goes on in nature is invisible, yet we don’t deny that it exists.”8.The new case for animal emotions comes in part from the growing acceptability of field observations, particularly when they are taken in aggregate. The latest contribution to this body of knowledge is a new book, The Smile of a Dolphin, which presents personal reports from more than 50 researchers who have spent their careers studying animals —from cats, dogs, bears, and chimps to birds, iguanas, and fish. Edited by Bekoff, who says it will finally “legitimize” research on animal emotions,thevolume has already garnered scientific attention, including a Smithsonian Institution symposium on the subject.9. One of the most obvious animal emotions is pleasure. Anyone who has ever held a purring cat or been greeted by a bounding, barking,tail-wagging dog knows that animals often appear to be happy. Beastly joy seems particularly apparent when the animals are playing with one another or sometimes, in the case of pets, with people.10.Virtually all young mammals, as well as some birds, play, as do adults of many species such as our own. Young dolphins, for instance, routinely chase each other through the water like frolicsome puppies and have been observed riding the wakes of boats like surfers. Primatologist Jane Goodall, who has studied chimpanzees in T anzania for four decades, says that chimps “chase, somersault, and pirouette around one another with the abandon of children.” In Colorado, Bekoff once watc hed an elk race back and forth across a patch of snow — even though there was plenty of bare grass nearby —leaping and twisting its body in midair on each pass. Though recent research suggests that play may help youngsters develop skills needed in adulthood, Bekoff says there’s no question that it’s also fun. “Animals at play are symbols of the unfettered joy of life,” he says11.Grief also seems to be common in the wild, particularly following the death of a mate, parent, offspring, or even close companion. Female sea lions witnessing their pups being eaten by killer whales are known to actually wail. When a goose, which mates for life, loses its partner, the bird’s head and body droop dejectedly. Goodall, who saw the young chimp Flint starve afterhis moth er died, maintains that the animal “died of grief.”12.Elephants may be nature’s best-known mourners. Scientists studying these behemoths have reported countless cases of elephants trying to revive dead or dying family members, as well as standing quietly beside an animal’s remains for many days, periodically reaching out and touching the body with their trunks. Kenyan biologist Joyce Poole, who has studied African elephants since 1976, says these animals’ behavior toward their dead “leaves me with little d oubt that they experience deep emotions and have some understanding about death.”13.But there’s “hard” scientific evidence for animal feelings as well. Scientists who study the biology of emotions, a field still in its infancy, are discovering many similarities between the brains of humans and other animals. In animals studied so far, including humans, emotions seem to arise from ancient parts of the brain that are located below the cortex,。
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• 10. Compare traditional women and new American dreamers in terms of American dream.
Text Learning
Background Information
• The Statue of Liberty was for many immigrants the first point of view of the United States. It signifies freedom and personal liberty and is iconic of the American Dream.
– From the upper-middle-class family, the middle class, the working class and even the poor.
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• What are the features of the new dreamers?
• Who is the new American dreamer?
– Young women in the United States.
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• What is the background of the new American dreamers?
• 7. Explain “…see material success as a key prize at the end of the rainbow” in Paragraph 8.
• 8. In Paragraph 11, why does the author want to show us by mentioning “a nuclear war” pamation
• (1) individual freedom of choice in life styles;
• (2) equal access to economic abundance; • (3) the pursuit of shared objectives
Background Information
• American Dream:
– refers to the idea that one's prosperity depends upon one's own abilities and hard work, not on a rigid class structure.
– Live in terms of their aspirations, their hopes and their dreams;
– Quest for self-realization; – Bright, thoughtful, personable and American; – True believer (Enough hard work ‘make it’).
mutually advantageous to the individual and society.
Background Information
• America as the land of plenty, America as the land of opportunity, and America as the land of destiny .
• In the 19th century, "rags to riches" stories of business tycoons, the belief that talent and hard work could lead to riches.
• At present, immigrants from regions like Southern Asia, Latin America and the former USSR come in search of the American Dream.
Unit Six
The New American Dreamers
Warm-up Activity
• Would you prefer to be a big fish in a small pond or a small fish in a big pond? (After graduation, to work in a big city/a big company or a small city/a small company?)
• 4. What are the features of the new dreamers?
• 5. What is their new American dream mainly about?
Questions about the text
• 6. What is their attitude towards Marriage (intimate relationship) and having Children?
Questions about the text
• 1. Who is the new American dreamer? And where are they from?
• 2. What is the background of the new American dreamers?
• 3. Does Beth Conant expect that her future career as an actress can bring a rich and comfortable life for herself?
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