Georgia Ports Authority： Faster to Market, Better for Business
HP PageWide Pro MFP 577dw系列用户指南说明书
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目录1产品基本信息 (1)产品功能 (2)环境功能 (2)辅助功能 (3)产品视图 (4)左前视图 (4)右前视图 (5)后视图 (5)墨盒门视图 (6)开机/关机 (7)打开产品电源 (7)管理电源 (7)关闭产品电源 (8)使用控制面板 (9)控制面板按钮 (9)控制面板主屏幕 (10)控制面板仪表板 (10)控制面板的应用程序文件夹 (11)控制面板快捷方式 (11)帮助功能 (12)打印机信息 (12)帮助动画 (13)安静模式 (14)从控制面板打开或关闭安静模式 (14)从EWS 打开或关闭安静模式 (14)2连接产品 (15)将产品接入计算机或网络 (16)使用USB 电缆连接产品 (16)将产品连接到网络 (16)支持的网络协议 (16)ZHCN iii使用有线网络连接产品 (17)使用无线网络（仅限无线型号）连接产品 (17)使用WiFi 设置向导将产品连接到无线网络 (18)使用WPS 将产品连接至无线网络 (18)手动将产品连接至无线网络 (19)使用Wi-Fi Direct 将计算机或设备连接至产品 (20)打开Wi-Fi Direct (20)从具有无线功能的移动设备打印 (20)从具有无线功能的计算机进行打印(Windows) (20)从具有无线功能的计算机进行打印(OS X) (20)为已接入网络的无线产品安装HP 打印机软件 (23)打开打印机软件(Windows) (24)管理网络设置 (25)查看或更改网络设置 (25)设置或更改产品密码 (25)在控制面板中手动配置TCP/IP 参数 (25)链路速度和双工设置 (26)3打印机管理和服务 (27)HP 嵌入式Web 服务器(EWS) (28)关于EWS (28)关于cookie (28)启动EWS (29)功能 (29)主页选项卡 (29)“扫描”选项卡 (30)“传真”选项卡 (31)“Web 服务”选项卡 (31)“网络”选项卡 (31)“工具”选项卡 (31)“设置”选项卡 (32)Web 服务 (33)何为Web 服务？ (33)HP ePrint (33)打印应用程序 (33)设置Web 服务 (33)使用Web 服务 (34)HP ePrint (34)打印应用程序 (35)删除Web 服务 (35)iv ZHCNHP Web Jetadmin 软件 (37)产品安全功能 (38)安全声明 (38)防火墙 (38)安全性设置 (39)固件更新 (39)打印机软件(Windows) 中的HP Printer Assistant (40)打开HP Printer Assistant (40)功能 (40)Connected 选项卡。
美国文学作家及作品汇总
6、WilliamCullenBryant威廉·柯伦·布莱恩特1794-1878
ThePoems1821> <1932诗选:ToaWaterfowl致水鸟-----英语中最完美的短诗> <Thanatopsis死亡随想---受墓园派影响> <TheWhitefootedDeer白蹄鹿> <AForestHymn森林赋> <TheFloodofYears似水流年
23、HenryJames享利·詹姆斯1843-1916
小说：DaisyMiller苔瑟·米乐> <ThePortraitofaLady贵妇人画像> <TheBostonians波士顿人> <TheRealThingandOtherTales真货色及其他故事> <TheWingsoftheDove鸽翼> <TheAmbassadors大使> <TheGoldenBowl金碗
10、HenryDavidThreau亨利·大卫·梭罗1817-1862
Wadden,orLifeintheWoods华腾湖或林中生活> <ResistancetoCivilGovernment> <CivilDisobedience抵制公民政府> <AWeekontheConcordandMerrimackRivers
世界各国及首府及港口中英文对照
世界各国的首府及重要城市中英文对照亚洲阿富汗 Afghanistan 喀布尔 Kabul孟加拉国 Bangladesh 达卡 Dhaka不丹 Bhutan 廷布 Thimphu缅甸 Burma 仰光 Rangoon柬埔寨 Cambodia 金边 Phnom Penh中国 China 北京 BeijingPort of Lianyungang（连云港港）Port of Ningbo（宁波港）Port of Shanghai（上海港）Port of Qingdao(青岛港）Port of Dalian（大连港）Port of Hong Kong（香港）Port of kaohsiung（高雄港）Port of Hualien（花莲港）Port of Keelung（基隆港）Port of Taichung（台中港）Ports of Mainland （大陆港口--香港制）印度 India 新德里 New DelhiPort of Calcutta（加尔各答港）Port of Jawaharlal（贾瓦哈拉港）Port of Mumbai（孟买港）印度尼西亚 Indonesia 雅加达 JakartaPort of Tanjung Priok（丹绒布绿港）日本 Japan 东京 TokyoPort of Kobe（神户港）Port of Nagoya（名古屋港）The Port of Yokohama（横滨港）Port of Kawasaki（川崎港）Port of Hiroshima（广岛港）Port of Kisarazu（梗津港）Port of Kitakyushu（北九州港）Port of Sakata（酒田港）Port of Chiba（千叶港）老挝 Laos 万象 Vientiane马来西亚 Malaysia吉隆坡 Kuala LumpurBintulu Port Authority（民都鲁港口管理局）Johore Port Authority（柔佛港口管理局）Kuantan Port Authority（昆坦港口管理局）Kuching Port Authority（古晋港口管理局）Malacca Port Authority（马六甲港口管理局）马尔代夫 Maldives 马累 Male (Maale)蒙古 Mongolia 乌兰巴托 Ulaanbaatar尼泊尔 Nepal 加德满都 Kathmandu (最大的城市)朝鲜 North Korea平壤 Pyongyang巴基斯坦 Pakistan 伊斯兰堡 Islamabad菲律宾共和国 Philippines马尼拉 ManilaManila（马尼拉港）新加坡 Singapore 新加坡 SingaporePort of Karachi（卡拉奇港）韩国 South Korea 汉城 SeoulPort of Busan(釜山港）Port of Inchon(仁川港）Port of Mokpo (木浦港）斯里兰卡 Sri Lanka 科伦坡 Colombo泰国 Thailand 曼谷Bangkok土耳其 Turkey 安卡拉 Ankara越南 Vietnam 河内 Hanoi文莱Brunei 斯里巴加湾市Bandar Seri Begawan巴勒斯坦 Palestine 无锡金 Sikkim 甘托克 Gangtok东帝汶East Timor 帝力Dili（港市）伊拉克Iraq 巴格达Baghdad伊朗Iran 德黑兰Teheran约旦Jordan 安曼Amman沙特阿拉伯Saudi Arabia 利雅得Riyadh阿联酋UAE(United Arab Emirates) 阿布扎比Abu Dhabi Port of Dubai（迪拜港）阿曼Oman 马斯喀特Muscat科威特Kuwait 科威特Kuwait以色列Israel 耶路撒冷Jerusalem 特拉维夫Tel Aviv（港市）也门Yemen 亚丁Aden卡塔尔Qatar 多哈Doha巴林Bahrain 麦纳麦Manama叙利亚Syria 大马士革DAMASCUS黎巴嫩Lebanon 贝鲁特Beirut（港口）塞浦路斯Cyprus 尼科西亚Nicosia哈萨克斯坦KZ(Kazakhstan) 阿斯塔纳Astana乌兹别克斯坦UZ (Uzbekistan) 塔什干Tashkent吉尔吉斯Kirghizia 比什凯克Bishkek塔吉克斯坦Tajikistan杜尚别DUSHANBE DYU土库曼斯坦Turkmenistan 阿什哈巴德Ashgabat阿塞拜疆Azerbaijan 巴库Baku格鲁吉亚Georgia 第比利斯Tiflis亚美尼亚Armenia 埃里温Yerevan欧洲阿尔巴尼亚 Albania 地拉那 Tirana奥地利 Austria 维也纳 Vienna比利时 Belgium 布鲁塞尔 BrusselsPort of Antwerp（安特卫普港）Port of Ghent（根特港）Port of Zeebrugge（泽不腊赫港）保加利亚 Bulgaria 索非亚 Sofia克罗地亚 Croatia萨格勒布 Zagreb Ports of Croatia（克罗地亚港口）塞浦路斯 Cyprus 尼克西亚 Nicosia丹麦 Denmark哥本哈根 Copenhagen Port of Aalborg（奥尔堡港）Port of Aarhus（奥尔胡斯港）Port of Aabenraa（奥本罗港芬兰 Finland 赫尔辛基 HelsinkiFinnish Ports（芬兰港口）Port of Helsinki（赫尔辛基港）Port of Kemi（盖密港）Port of Kokkola（科科拉港）Port of Kotka（科特卡港）Port of Oulu（奥鲁港）Port of Pori（波里港）Port of Pietsarsaari（彼太萨立港）Port of Raahe（腊黑港）Port of Tornio（托尔尼奥港）Port of Hamina（哈米纳港）法国 France 巴黎 ParisPort of Bordeaux（波尔多港）Port of Brest（布勒斯特港）Port of Le Havre（勒阿弗尔港）德国 Germany 柏林 BerlinPort of Hamburg（汉堡港）Gibraltar（直布罗陀）Port of Gibraltar（直布罗陀港）希腊 Greece 雅典 AthensPort of Thessaloniki（塞色勒狄克港）匈牙利 Hungary布达佩斯 Budapest冰岛 Iceland 雷克亚未克 ReykjavikPort of Reykjavik（雷克亚未克港）爱尔兰 Ireland都柏林 Dublin意大利 Italy 罗马 RomePort of Geneva（热那亚港）Port of La Spezia（斯培西亚港）Port of Napoli（那不勒斯港）Port of Ravenna（拉文纳港）Port of Salerno（萨累诺港）Port of Savona（萨沃纳港）Venice Port Authority（威尼斯港口管理局）Port of Augusta（奥古斯塔港）列支敦士登 Liechtenstein 瓦杜兹 Vaduz卢森堡 Luxembourg 卢森堡 Luxembourg马其顿 Macedonia 斯科普里Skopje马耳他 Malta 瓦莱塔 Valletta摩纳哥 Monaco 摩纳哥 Monaco荷兰 Netherlands 阿姆斯特丹 AmsterdamPort of Rotterdam（鹿特丹港）挪威 Norway 奥斯陆 OsloPort of Oslo（奥斯陆港）Port of Sola（苏拉港）波兰 Poland 华沙 WarsawPort of Gdansk（格但斯克港）Port of Swinoujscie（斯文诺斯切港）葡萄牙 Portugal 里斯本 LisbonPort of Setúbal（锡土巴尔港）Port of Sines（锡尼什港）罗马尼亚 Romania 布加勒斯特 BucharestPort of Constantza（康斯坦萨港）俄罗斯 Russia 莫斯科 MoscowPort of Novorossiysk（诺沃罗西斯克港）Saint Petersburg Port Authority（圣彼得堡港）Port of Ust-Luga（乌斯特-鲁戈港）Port of Vladivostok（符拉迪敖斯托克港，即海参威港）圣马力诺 San Marino 圣马力诺 San Marino斯洛文尼亚 Slovenia 卢布尔雅那Ljubljana西班牙 Spain马德里 MadridPort of Barcelona（巴塞罗那港）Port of Cartagena（卡塔赫纳港）Port of Santander（桑坦德港）Port of Bilbao (Uniportbilbao)（毕尔巴鄂港）Port of La Coruña（拉.科鲁纳港）Port of Tarragona（塔腊戈纳港）Port of Vilagarcia de Arosa（维利亚加西亚.德.阿罗萨港）Port of Cadiz（卡的斯港）Port of Las Palmas（拉斯柏尔马斯港）Port of Valencia（巴伦西亚港）Port of Malaga（马拉加港）Ports of Almeria and Motril（阿尔梅里亚港）Port of Ceuta（休达港）瑞典 Sweden斯德哥尔摩 StockholmSwedish Ports（瑞典港口）Port of Falkenberg（法尔肯贝里港）Port of Goteborg（哥德堡港）Port of Halmstad（哈尔姆斯塔德港）Port of Harnsosand（赫纳散德港）Port of Helsingborg（赫尔辛堡港）Port of Malmoe（马尔默港）Port of Norrkopings（诺尔彻平港）Port of Sodertalje（塞德特里耶港）Port de Wallhamn（瓦尔汉姆港）瑞士 Switzerland 伯尔尼 Bern (瑞士第四大城市)（大不列颠）联合王国 United Kingdom英国British 伦敦 London Associated British Ports（英吉利港口）Ayr and Troon（埃尔和特隆港）Barrow（巴罗港）Barry（巴里港）Cardiff（加的夫港）Colchester（科尔切斯特港）Fleetwood（弗利特伍德港）Garston（加斯顿港）Goole（古耳港）Grimsby（格里姆斯比港）Hull（赫尔港）Immingham（伊明翰港）King´s Lynn（金斯林港）Lowestoft（洛斯托夫特港）Newport（纽波特港）Port of London Authority（伦敦港口管理局）Plymouth（普列茅斯港）Silloth（锡洛斯港）Southampton（南安普顿港）Swansea（斯温西港）Talbot（泰尔柏特港）Teignmouth（廷默思港）Whitby（惠特比港）Port of Belfast（贝尔法斯特港）南斯拉夫 Yugoslavia贝尔格莱德 Belgrade拉脱维亚: Latvia 里加RigaPorts of Latvia（拉脱维亚港口）LituaniaPort of Klaipeda（克来彼达港）捷克Czech 布拉格Prague斯洛伐克Slovakia 布拉迪斯拉发Bratislava土耳其Turkey 安卡拉Ankara梵蒂冈Vatican 梵蒂冈城V atican city安道尔Andorra安道尔Andorra乌克兰Ukraine 基辅Kiev白俄罗斯White Russia 明斯克Minsk法罗群岛the Faroe Islands 曹斯哈恩摩尔多瓦Moldova 基希讷乌Kishinev立陶宛Lithuania 维尔纽斯Vilnius爱沙尼亚Estonia 塔林Tallinn美洲安圭拉岛 Anguilla The Valley安提瓜岛 Antigua and Barbuda 圣约翰 Saint John's 阿根廷 Argentina布宜诺斯艾利斯 Buenos Aires Ports of Argentina（阿根廷港口）Port of Bahia Blanca（布兰卡港）Comodoro Rivadavia（里伐达维亚港）Mar del Plata Port（马德普拉塔港）巴哈马 The Bahamas 拿骚 Nassau巴巴多斯岛 Barbados 布里奇顿 Bridgetown Port of Barbados（巴巴多斯港）伯利兹 Belize 贝尔莫潘 Belmopan百慕大群岛 Bermuda 哈密尔顿 Hamilton玻利维亚 Bolivia 拉巴斯 La Paz巴西 Brazil 巴西利亚 BrasiliaPort of Itajai（伊塔日阿伊港）Port of Ponta da Madeira（达.马德拉港）Port of Rio Grande（里奥格兰特港）Port of Salvador（萨尔瓦多港）Port of Santos（圣多斯港）Port of Vitoria（维多利亚港）英属维尔京群岛 British Virgin Islands 罗德城 Road Town 加拿大 Canada渥太华 OttawaHalifax Port Corporation（哈利法克斯港埠公司）Port of Hamilton（哈密尔顿港）Port of Montreal（蒙特利尔港）Saint John Port Corporation（圣约翰港埠公司）Port of Toronto（多伦多港）Port of Sydney-Canada（锡得尼港）Port Alberni（埃尔波尼港）Port of Bayside（贝塞德港）Port of Belledune（贝拉顿港）Port of Churchill（彻奇尔港）Port of Dalhousie（达尔豪西港）Prince Rupet Port Corporation（鲁珀特港埠公司）Port of Québec（魁北克港）智利 Chile 圣地亚哥 SantiagoPort of Valparaiso（瓦尔帕莱索港）Port of Arica（阿里卡港）Ports of Chile（智利港口）哥伦比亚 Colombia 波哥达 BogotaPort of Buenaventura（布韦那文图拉港）Port of Barranquilla（巴兰基利亚港）El Bosque Sea Terminal（埃尔鲍斯克海港）哥斯达黎加 Costa Rica 圣约瑟 San Jose古巴 Cuba 哈瓦那 Havana多米尼加 Dominican Republic圣多明各 Santo Domingo 厄瓜多尔 Ecuador 基多 Quito萨尔瓦多 El Salvador 圣萨尔瓦多 San Salvador Port of Acajutla（阿卡胡特拉港）Port of Cutuco（库图科港格陵兰 Greenland Nuuk (Godthab)格林纳达 Grenada 圣乔治 Saint George's瓜德罗普岛 Guadeloupe巴斯特尔 Basse-Terre危地马拉 Guatemala 危地马拉 Guatemala圭亚那 Guyana 乔治敦 Georgetown海地 Haiti 太子港 Port-au-Prince洪都拉斯 Honduras 特古巴加尔巴 Tegucigalpa牙买加 Jamaica 金斯敦 Kingston马提尼克岛 Martinique 法兰西堡 Fort-de-France墨西哥 Mexico墨西哥城 MexicoPuerto de Veracruz（维拉克鲁斯港）Port of Mazatlan（马萨特兰港）蒙特塞拉特岛 Montserrat 普利茅斯 Plymouth尼加拉瓜 Nicaragua马那瓜 Managua巴拿马 Panama 巴拿马城 Panama巴拉圭 Paraguay 亚松森 Asuncion秘鲁 Peru利马 Lima波多黎各岛 Puerto Rico 圣胡安 San Juan圣卢西亚岛 St. Lucia 卡斯特里 Castries圣文森特岛 St. Vincent and the Grenadines 金斯敦 Kingstown苏里南 Suriname 帕拉马里博 Paramaribo特立尼达和多巴哥 Trinidad and Tobago西班牙港 Port-of-Spain特克斯群岛和凯科斯群岛 Turks and Caicos Islands大特克 Grand Turk 美国 United States 华盛顿 Washington, DCPort of Anacortes（安那柯的斯港）Port of Baltimore（巴尔的摩港）Port of Bellingham, Wa.（贝灵哈姆港）Port of Charleston（查尔斯顿港）Port of Corpus Christi（克珀斯-克里斯堤港）Delaware River Port Authority（德拉华河港口管理局）Port of Grays Harbor（格雷斯港）Autoridad Portuaria de Houston（休斯顿港）Indiana Port Commission（印第安那港口管理委员会）Port of Kalama（卡拉玛港）Port of Los Angeles（洛杉矶港）Port of Mobile（莫比尔港）New Hampshire Port Autority（新罕布什尔港）Port Authority of New York and New Jersey（纽约-新泽西港）North Carolina State Ports Authority（北卡罗来纳港）Port of Oakland（奥克兰港）Port of Philadelphia and Camden（费城-卡姆登港）Port of Pittsburg Commission（匹兹堡港管理委员会）Port of Port Arthur（亚瑟港）Port of Portland（波特兰港）The Saint Paul Port Authority（圣保罗港）Port of San Diego（圣地亚哥港）Port of Seattle（西雅图港）St. Louis Port Authority（圣路易斯港）Port of Stockton（斯托克顿港）Port of Tacoma（塔科马港）Port of Whitman（维特曼港）Port of Jacksonville（杰克森维尔港）Port of Willmington（威尔明顿港）乌拉圭 Uruguay蒙得维的亚 Montevideo委内瑞拉 Venezuela 加拉加斯 Caracas美属维尔京群岛 Virgin Islands 夏洛特阿马利亚 Charlotte Amalie非洲阿尔及利亚 Algeria阿尔及尔 Algiers安哥拉 Angola 罗安达 LuandaPort of Luanda（罗安达港）贝宁 Benin 波多诺夫 Porto-Novo博茨瓦纳 Botswana哈伯罗内 Gaborone布隆迪 Burundi 布琼布拉 Bujumbura喀麦隆 Cameroon 雅温得 Yaounde中非 Central African Republic 班吉 Bangui乍得 Chad恩贾梅纳 N'Djamena刚果共和国 Congo Rep. 布拉柴维尔 Brazzaville吉布提共和国 Djibouti 吉布提 Djibouti埃及 Egypt开罗 Cairo赤道几内亚 Equatorial Guinea 马拉博 Malabo厄立特里亚 Eritrea 阿斯马拉 Asmara埃塞俄比亚 Ethiopia亚的斯亚贝巴 Addis Ababa加蓬 Gabon 利伯维尔 Libreville冈比亚 The Gambia 班珠尔 Banjul加纳 Ghana阿克拉 Accra几内亚 Guinea科纳克里 Conakry几内亚比绍共和国 Guinea-Bissau 比绍 Bissau肯尼亚 Kenya 内罗毕 Nairobi莱索托 Lesotho 马塞卢 Maseru利比里亚 Liberia 蒙罗维亚 Monrovia利比亚 Libya 的黎波里 Tripoli马达加斯加 Madagascar 塔那那利佛 Antananarivo马拉维 Malawi 利隆圭 Lilongwe马里 Mali 巴马科 Bamako毛里求斯 Mauritius 路易港 Port Louis毛里塔尼亚 Mauritania 努瓦克肖特 Nouakchott摩洛哥 Morocco 拉巴特 Rabat莫桑比克 Mozambique 马普托 Maputo纳米比亚 Namibia温得和克 Windhoek尼日尔 Niger 尼亚美 Niamey尼日利亚 Nigeria拉各斯 Abuja留尼旺岛 Reunion 圣但尼 Saint-Denis刚果民主共和国（扎伊尔） Republic of the Congo 金沙萨 Kinshasa卢旺达 Rwanda 基加利 Kigali圣多美及普林西比民主共和国 Sao Tome and Principe 圣多美 Sao Tome 塞内加尔 Senegal 达喀尔 Dakar塞舌尔 Seychelles维多利亚 Victoria塞拉里昂 Sierra Leone 弗里敦 Freetown索马里 Somalia 摩加迪沙 Mogadishu南非 South Africa 比勒陀利亚PretoriaPort of Durban（德班港）Port of Richards Bay（理查德湾港）Port of Saldanha（塞丹哈港）Port of Capetown（开普敦港）Port of Port Elizabeth（伊丽莎白港）Port of Mossel Bay（莫斯湾港）Port of East London（东伦敦港）苏丹 Sudan 喀土穆 Khartoum斯威士兰 Swaziland 姆巴巴内 Mbabane坦桑尼亚 Tanzania 达累斯萨拉姆 Dar es Salaam多哥 Togo洛美 Lome突尼斯 Tunisia突尼斯 Tunis乌干达 Uganda坎帕拉 Kampala西撒哈拉 Western Sahara 无赞比亚 Zambia 卢萨卡 Lusaka津巴布韦 Zimbabwe 索尔兹伯里 Harare。
乔治亚州
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best to please the uniformed staff or service to help visitors, do not take some automatic to attract customers taxi. If the visitors need to worry when traveling back to find a taxi, but before leaving the hotel take taxi company relevant information or telephone number.
Special Attractions
The world famous Coca Cola is a typical one of the symbols of American culture. The company's headquarters is in Atlanta Georgia. For the convenience of tourists for sightseeing and experience, Coca Cola company to build a new world of Coca Cola to Coca Cola history. Visit the most professional marketing Coca Cola World Records, as well as tasting over 70 species from all over the world different flavors of Coca Cola
Tourism Attractions
Georgia’s nine tourism areas
OSHA现场作业手册说明书
DIRECTIVE NUMBER: CPL 02-00-150 EFFECTIVE DATE: April 22, 2011 SUBJECT: Field Operations Manual (FOM)ABSTRACTPurpose: This instruction cancels and replaces OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-148,Field Operations Manual (FOM), issued November 9, 2009, whichreplaced the September 26, 1994 Instruction that implemented the FieldInspection Reference Manual (FIRM). The FOM is a revision of OSHA’senforcement policies and procedures manual that provides the field officesa reference document for identifying the responsibilities associated withthe majority of their inspection duties. This Instruction also cancels OSHAInstruction FAP 01-00-003 Federal Agency Safety and Health Programs,May 17, 1996 and Chapter 13 of OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-045,Revised Field Operations Manual, June 15, 1989.Scope: OSHA-wide.References: Title 29 Code of Federal Regulations §1903.6, Advance Notice ofInspections; 29 Code of Federal Regulations §1903.14, Policy RegardingEmployee Rescue Activities; 29 Code of Federal Regulations §1903.19,Abatement Verification; 29 Code of Federal Regulations §1904.39,Reporting Fatalities and Multiple Hospitalizations to OSHA; and Housingfor Agricultural Workers: Final Rule, Federal Register, March 4, 1980 (45FR 14180).Cancellations: OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-148, Field Operations Manual, November9, 2009.OSHA Instruction FAP 01-00-003, Federal Agency Safety and HealthPrograms, May 17, 1996.Chapter 13 of OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-045, Revised FieldOperations Manual, June 15, 1989.State Impact: Notice of Intent and Adoption required. See paragraph VI.Action Offices: National, Regional, and Area OfficesOriginating Office: Directorate of Enforcement Programs Contact: Directorate of Enforcement ProgramsOffice of General Industry Enforcement200 Constitution Avenue, NW, N3 119Washington, DC 20210202-693-1850By and Under the Authority ofDavid Michaels, PhD, MPHAssistant SecretaryExecutive SummaryThis instruction cancels and replaces OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-148, Field Operations Manual (FOM), issued November 9, 2009. The one remaining part of the prior Field Operations Manual, the chapter on Disclosure, will be added at a later date. This Instruction also cancels OSHA Instruction FAP 01-00-003 Federal Agency Safety and Health Programs, May 17, 1996 and Chapter 13 of OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-045, Revised Field Operations Manual, June 15, 1989. This Instruction constitutes OSHA’s general enforcement policies and procedures manual for use by the field offices in conducting inspections, issuing citations and proposing penalties.Significant Changes∙A new Table of Contents for the entire FOM is added.∙ A new References section for the entire FOM is added∙ A new Cancellations section for the entire FOM is added.∙Adds a Maritime Industry Sector to Section III of Chapter 10, Industry Sectors.∙Revises sections referring to the Enhanced Enforcement Program (EEP) replacing the information with the Severe Violator Enforcement Program (SVEP).∙Adds Chapter 13, Federal Agency Field Activities.∙Cancels OSHA Instruction FAP 01-00-003, Federal Agency Safety and Health Programs, May 17, 1996.DisclaimerThis manual is intended to provide instruction regarding some of the internal operations of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), and is solely for the benefit of the Government. No duties, rights, or benefits, substantive or procedural, are created or implied by this manual. The contents of this manual are not enforceable by any person or entity against the Department of Labor or the United States. Statements which reflect current Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission or court precedents do not necessarily indicate acquiescence with those precedents.Table of ContentsCHAPTER 1INTRODUCTIONI.PURPOSE. ........................................................................................................... 1-1 II.SCOPE. ................................................................................................................ 1-1 III.REFERENCES .................................................................................................... 1-1 IV.CANCELLATIONS............................................................................................. 1-8 V. ACTION INFORMATION ................................................................................. 1-8A.R ESPONSIBLE O FFICE.......................................................................................................................................... 1-8B.A CTION O FFICES. .................................................................................................................... 1-8C. I NFORMATION O FFICES............................................................................................................ 1-8 VI. STATE IMPACT. ................................................................................................ 1-8 VII.SIGNIFICANT CHANGES. ............................................................................... 1-9 VIII.BACKGROUND. ................................................................................................. 1-9 IX. DEFINITIONS AND TERMINOLOGY. ........................................................ 1-10A.T HE A CT................................................................................................................................................................. 1-10B. C OMPLIANCE S AFETY AND H EALTH O FFICER (CSHO). ...........................................................1-10B.H E/S HE AND H IS/H ERS ..................................................................................................................................... 1-10C.P ROFESSIONAL J UDGMENT............................................................................................................................... 1-10E. W ORKPLACE AND W ORKSITE ......................................................................................................................... 1-10CHAPTER 2PROGRAM PLANNINGI.INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 2-1 II.AREA OFFICE RESPONSIBILITIES. .............................................................. 2-1A.P ROVIDING A SSISTANCE TO S MALL E MPLOYERS. ...................................................................................... 2-1B.A REA O FFICE O UTREACH P ROGRAM. ............................................................................................................. 2-1C. R ESPONDING TO R EQUESTS FOR A SSISTANCE. ............................................................................................ 2-2 III. OSHA COOPERATIVE PROGRAMS OVERVIEW. ...................................... 2-2A.V OLUNTARY P ROTECTION P ROGRAM (VPP). ........................................................................... 2-2B.O NSITE C ONSULTATION P ROGRAM. ................................................................................................................ 2-2C.S TRATEGIC P ARTNERSHIPS................................................................................................................................. 2-3D.A LLIANCE P ROGRAM ........................................................................................................................................... 2-3 IV. ENFORCEMENT PROGRAM SCHEDULING. ................................................ 2-4A.G ENERAL ................................................................................................................................................................. 2-4B.I NSPECTION P RIORITY C RITERIA. ..................................................................................................................... 2-4C.E FFECT OF C ONTEST ............................................................................................................................................ 2-5D.E NFORCEMENT E XEMPTIONS AND L IMITATIONS. ....................................................................................... 2-6E.P REEMPTION BY A NOTHER F EDERAL A GENCY ........................................................................................... 2-6F.U NITED S TATES P OSTAL S ERVICE. .................................................................................................................. 2-7G.H OME-B ASED W ORKSITES. ................................................................................................................................ 2-8H.I NSPECTION/I NVESTIGATION T YPES. ............................................................................................................... 2-8 V.UNPROGRAMMED ACTIVITY – HAZARD EVALUATION AND INSPECTION SCHEDULING ............................................................................ 2-9 VI.PROGRAMMED INSPECTIONS. ................................................................... 2-10A.S ITE-S PECIFIC T ARGETING (SST) P ROGRAM. ............................................................................................. 2-10B.S CHEDULING FOR C ONSTRUCTION I NSPECTIONS. ..................................................................................... 2-10C.S CHEDULING FOR M ARITIME I NSPECTIONS. ............................................................................. 2-11D.S PECIAL E MPHASIS P ROGRAMS (SEP S). ................................................................................... 2-12E.N ATIONAL E MPHASIS P ROGRAMS (NEP S) ............................................................................... 2-13F.L OCAL E MPHASIS P ROGRAMS (LEP S) AND R EGIONAL E MPHASIS P ROGRAMS (REP S) ............ 2-13G.O THER S PECIAL P ROGRAMS. ............................................................................................................................ 2-13H.I NSPECTION S CHEDULING AND I NTERFACE WITH C OOPERATIVE P ROGRAM P ARTICIPANTS ....... 2-13CHAPTER 3INSPECTION PROCEDURESI.INSPECTION PREPARATION. .......................................................................... 3-1 II.INSPECTION PLANNING. .................................................................................. 3-1A.R EVIEW OF I NSPECTION H ISTORY .................................................................................................................... 3-1B.R EVIEW OF C OOPERATIVE P ROGRAM P ARTICIPATION .............................................................................. 3-1C.OSHA D ATA I NITIATIVE (ODI) D ATA R EVIEW .......................................................................................... 3-2D.S AFETY AND H EALTH I SSUES R ELATING TO CSHO S.................................................................. 3-2E.A DVANCE N OTICE. ................................................................................................................................................ 3-3F.P RE-I NSPECTION C OMPULSORY P ROCESS ...................................................................................................... 3-5G.P ERSONAL S ECURITY C LEARANCE. ................................................................................................................. 3-5H.E XPERT A SSISTANCE. ........................................................................................................................................... 3-5 III. INSPECTION SCOPE. ......................................................................................... 3-6A.C OMPREHENSIVE ................................................................................................................................................... 3-6B.P ARTIAL. ................................................................................................................................................................... 3-6 IV. CONDUCT OF INSPECTION .............................................................................. 3-6A.T IME OF I NSPECTION............................................................................................................................................. 3-6B.P RESENTING C REDENTIALS. ............................................................................................................................... 3-6C.R EFUSAL TO P ERMIT I NSPECTION AND I NTERFERENCE ............................................................................. 3-7D.E MPLOYEE P ARTICIPATION. ............................................................................................................................... 3-9E.R ELEASE FOR E NTRY ............................................................................................................................................ 3-9F.B ANKRUPT OR O UT OF B USINESS. .................................................................................................................... 3-9G.E MPLOYEE R ESPONSIBILITIES. ................................................................................................. 3-10H.S TRIKE OR L ABOR D ISPUTE ............................................................................................................................. 3-10I. V ARIANCES. .......................................................................................................................................................... 3-11 V. OPENING CONFERENCE. ................................................................................ 3-11A.G ENERAL ................................................................................................................................................................ 3-11B.R EVIEW OF A PPROPRIATION A CT E XEMPTIONS AND L IMITATION. ..................................................... 3-13C.R EVIEW S CREENING FOR P ROCESS S AFETY M ANAGEMENT (PSM) C OVERAGE............................. 3-13D.R EVIEW OF V OLUNTARY C OMPLIANCE P ROGRAMS. ................................................................................ 3-14E.D ISRUPTIVE C ONDUCT. ...................................................................................................................................... 3-15F.C LASSIFIED A REAS ............................................................................................................................................. 3-16VI. REVIEW OF RECORDS. ................................................................................... 3-16A.I NJURY AND I LLNESS R ECORDS...................................................................................................................... 3-16B.R ECORDING C RITERIA. ...................................................................................................................................... 3-18C. R ECORDKEEPING D EFICIENCIES. .................................................................................................................. 3-18 VII. WALKAROUND INSPECTION. ....................................................................... 3-19A.W ALKAROUND R EPRESENTATIVES ............................................................................................................... 3-19B.E VALUATION OF S AFETY AND H EALTH M ANAGEMENT S YSTEM. ....................................................... 3-20C.R ECORD A LL F ACTS P ERTINENT TO A V IOLATION. ................................................................................. 3-20D.T ESTIFYING IN H EARINGS ................................................................................................................................ 3-21E.T RADE S ECRETS. ................................................................................................................................................. 3-21F.C OLLECTING S AMPLES. ..................................................................................................................................... 3-22G.P HOTOGRAPHS AND V IDEOTAPES.................................................................................................................. 3-22H.V IOLATIONS OF O THER L AWS. ....................................................................................................................... 3-23I.I NTERVIEWS OF N ON-M ANAGERIAL E MPLOYEES .................................................................................... 3-23J.M ULTI-E MPLOYER W ORKSITES ..................................................................................................................... 3-27 K.A DMINISTRATIVE S UBPOENA.......................................................................................................................... 3-27 L.E MPLOYER A BATEMENT A SSISTANCE. ........................................................................................................ 3-27 VIII. CLOSING CONFERENCE. .............................................................................. 3-28A.P ARTICIPANTS. ..................................................................................................................................................... 3-28B.D ISCUSSION I TEMS. ............................................................................................................................................ 3-28C.A DVICE TO A TTENDEES .................................................................................................................................... 3-29D.P ENALTIES............................................................................................................................................................. 3-30E.F EASIBLE A DMINISTRATIVE, W ORK P RACTICE AND E NGINEERING C ONTROLS. ............................ 3-30F.R EDUCING E MPLOYEE E XPOSURE. ................................................................................................................ 3-32G.A BATEMENT V ERIFICATION. ........................................................................................................................... 3-32H.E MPLOYEE D ISCRIMINATION .......................................................................................................................... 3-33 IX. SPECIAL INSPECTION PROCEDURES. ...................................................... 3-33A.F OLLOW-UP AND M ONITORING I NSPECTIONS............................................................................................ 3-33B.C ONSTRUCTION I NSPECTIONS ......................................................................................................................... 3-34C. F EDERAL A GENCY I NSPECTIONS. ................................................................................................................. 3-35CHAPTER 4VIOLATIONSI. BASIS OF VIOLATIONS ..................................................................................... 4-1A.S TANDARDS AND R EGULATIONS. .................................................................................................................... 4-1B.E MPLOYEE E XPOSURE. ........................................................................................................................................ 4-3C.R EGULATORY R EQUIREMENTS. ........................................................................................................................ 4-6D.H AZARD C OMMUNICATION. .............................................................................................................................. 4-6E. E MPLOYER/E MPLOYEE R ESPONSIBILITIES ................................................................................................... 4-6 II. SERIOUS VIOLATIONS. .................................................................................... 4-8A.S ECTION 17(K). ......................................................................................................................... 4-8B.E STABLISHING S ERIOUS V IOLATIONS ............................................................................................................ 4-8C. F OUR S TEPS TO BE D OCUMENTED. ................................................................................................................... 4-8 III. GENERAL DUTY REQUIREMENTS ............................................................. 4-14A.E VALUATION OF G ENERAL D UTY R EQUIREMENTS ................................................................................. 4-14B.E LEMENTS OF A G ENERAL D UTY R EQUIREMENT V IOLATION.............................................................. 4-14C. U SE OF THE G ENERAL D UTY C LAUSE ........................................................................................................ 4-23D.L IMITATIONS OF U SE OF THE G ENERAL D UTY C LAUSE. ..............................................................E.C LASSIFICATION OF V IOLATIONS C ITED U NDER THE G ENERAL D UTY C LAUSE. ..................F. P ROCEDURES FOR I MPLEMENTATION OF S ECTION 5(A)(1) E NFORCEMENT ............................ 4-25 4-27 4-27IV.OTHER-THAN-SERIOUS VIOLATIONS ............................................... 4-28 V.WILLFUL VIOLATIONS. ......................................................................... 4-28A.I NTENTIONAL D ISREGARD V IOLATIONS. ..........................................................................................4-28B.P LAIN I NDIFFERENCE V IOLATIONS. ...................................................................................................4-29 VI. CRIMINAL/WILLFUL VIOLATIONS. ................................................... 4-30A.A REA D IRECTOR C OORDINATION ....................................................................................................... 4-31B.C RITERIA FOR I NVESTIGATING P OSSIBLE C RIMINAL/W ILLFUL V IOLATIONS ........................ 4-31C. W ILLFUL V IOLATIONS R ELATED TO A F ATALITY .......................................................................... 4-32 VII. REPEATED VIOLATIONS. ...................................................................... 4-32A.F EDERAL AND S TATE P LAN V IOLATIONS. ........................................................................................4-32B.I DENTICAL S TANDARDS. .......................................................................................................................4-32C.D IFFERENT S TANDARDS. .......................................................................................................................4-33D.O BTAINING I NSPECTION H ISTORY. .....................................................................................................4-33E.T IME L IMITATIONS..................................................................................................................................4-34F.R EPEATED V. F AILURE TO A BATE....................................................................................................... 4-34G. A REA D IRECTOR R ESPONSIBILITIES. .............................................................................. 4-35 VIII. DE MINIMIS CONDITIONS. ................................................................... 4-36A.C RITERIA ................................................................................................................................................... 4-36B.P ROFESSIONAL J UDGMENT. ..................................................................................................................4-37C. A REA D IRECTOR R ESPONSIBILITIES. .............................................................................. 4-37 IX. CITING IN THE ALTERNATIVE ............................................................ 4-37 X. COMBINING AND GROUPING VIOLATIONS. ................................... 4-37A.C OMBINING. ..............................................................................................................................................4-37B.G ROUPING. ................................................................................................................................................4-38C. W HEN N OT TO G ROUP OR C OMBINE. ................................................................................................4-38 XI. HEALTH STANDARD VIOLATIONS ....................................................... 4-39A.C ITATION OF V ENTILATION S TANDARDS ......................................................................................... 4-39B.V IOLATIONS OF THE N OISE S TANDARD. ...........................................................................................4-40 XII. VIOLATIONS OF THE RESPIRATORY PROTECTION STANDARD(§1910.134). ....................................................................................................... XIII. VIOLATIONS OF AIR CONTAMINANT STANDARDS (§1910.1000) ... 4-43 4-43A.R EQUIREMENTS UNDER THE STANDARD: .................................................................................................. 4-43B.C LASSIFICATION OF V IOLATIONS OF A IR C ONTAMINANT S TANDARDS. ......................................... 4-43 XIV. CITING IMPROPER PERSONAL HYGIENE PRACTICES. ................... 4-45A.I NGESTION H AZARDS. .................................................................................................................................... 4-45B.A BSORPTION H AZARDS. ................................................................................................................................ 4-46C.W IPE S AMPLING. ............................................................................................................................................. 4-46D.C ITATION P OLICY ............................................................................................................................................ 4-46 XV. BIOLOGICAL MONITORING. ...................................................................... 4-47CHAPTER 5CASE FILE PREPARATION AND DOCUMENTATIONI.INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 5-1 II.INSPECTION CONDUCTED, CITATIONS BEING ISSUED. .................... 5-1A.OSHA-1 ................................................................................................................................... 5-1B.OSHA-1A. ............................................................................................................................... 5-1C. OSHA-1B. ................................................................................................................................ 5-2 III.INSPECTION CONDUCTED BUT NO CITATIONS ISSUED .................... 5-5 IV.NO INSPECTION ............................................................................................... 5-5 V. HEALTH INSPECTIONS. ................................................................................. 5-6A.D OCUMENT P OTENTIAL E XPOSURE. ............................................................................................................... 5-6B.E MPLOYER’S O CCUPATIONAL S AFETY AND H EALTH S YSTEM. ............................................................. 5-6 VI. AFFIRMATIVE DEFENSES............................................................................. 5-8A.B URDEN OF P ROOF. .............................................................................................................................................. 5-8B.E XPLANATIONS. ..................................................................................................................................................... 5-8 VII. INTERVIEW STATEMENTS. ........................................................................ 5-10A.G ENERALLY. ......................................................................................................................................................... 5-10B.CSHO S SHALL OBTAIN WRITTEN STATEMENTS WHEN: .......................................................................... 5-10C.L ANGUAGE AND W ORDING OF S TATEMENT. ............................................................................................. 5-11D.R EFUSAL TO S IGN S TATEMENT ...................................................................................................................... 5-11E.V IDEO AND A UDIOTAPED S TATEMENTS. ..................................................................................................... 5-11F.A DMINISTRATIVE D EPOSITIONS. .............................................................................................5-11 VIII. PAPERWORK AND WRITTEN PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS. .......... 5-12 IX.GUIDELINES FOR CASE FILE DOCUMENTATION FOR USE WITH VIDEOTAPES AND AUDIOTAPES .............................................................. 5-12 X.CASE FILE ACTIVITY DIARY SHEET. ..................................................... 5-12 XI. CITATIONS. ..................................................................................................... 5-12A.S TATUTE OF L IMITATIONS. .............................................................................................................................. 5-13B.I SSUING C ITATIONS. ........................................................................................................................................... 5-13C.A MENDING/W ITHDRAWING C ITATIONS AND N OTIFICATION OF P ENALTIES. .................................. 5-13D.P ROCEDURES FOR A MENDING OR W ITHDRAWING C ITATIONS ............................................................ 5-14 XII. INSPECTION RECORDS. ............................................................................... 5-15A.G ENERALLY. ......................................................................................................................................................... 5-15B.R ELEASE OF I NSPECTION I NFORMATION ..................................................................................................... 5-15C. C LASSIFIED AND T RADE S ECRET I NFORMATION ...................................................................................... 5-16。
世界各国港口
世界各国主要港口北美洲地区加拿大（Canada）哈利法克斯港埠公司(Halifax Port Corporation) 哈密尔顿港（Port of Hamilton）蒙特利尔港（Port of Montreal）圣约翰港埠公司(Saint John Port Corporation)多伦多港（Port of Toronto）锡得尼港（Port of Sydney-Canada）埃尔波尼港（Port Alberni）贝塞德港（Port of Bayside）贝拉顿港（Port of Belledune）彻奇尔港（Port of Churchill）达尔豪西港（Port of Dalhousie）鲁珀特港埠公司(Prince Rupet Port Corporation)魁北克港（Port of Québec）墨西哥（Mexico)维拉克鲁斯港（Puerto de Veracruz）马萨特兰港（Port of Mazatlan）美国（United States）安那柯的斯港（Port of Anacortes）巴尔的摩港（Port of Baltimore）贝灵哈姆港（Port of Bellingham, Wa.）查尔斯顿港（Port of Charleston）克珀斯-克里斯堤港（Port of Corpus Christi）卡拉玛港（Port of Kalama）格雷斯港（Port of Grays Harbor）休斯顿港（Autoridad Portuaria de Houston）维特曼港（Port of Whitman）杰克森维尔港（Port of Jacksonville）洛杉矶港（Port of Los Angeles）莫比尔港（Port of Mobile）新罕布什尔港（New Hampshire Port Autority）塔科马港（Port of Tacoma）威尔明顿港（Port of Willmington）奥克兰港（Port of Oakland）斯托克顿港（Port of Stockton）圣路易斯港（St. Louis Port Authority）亚瑟港（Port of Port Arthur）波特兰港（Port of Portland）圣保罗港（The Saint Paul Port Authority）圣地亚哥港（Port of San Diego）西雅图港（Port of Seattle）纽约-新泽西港（Port Authority of New York and New Jersey）费城-卡姆登港（Port of Philadelphia and Camden）匹兹堡港管理委员会（Port of Pittsburg C ommission）印第安那港口管理委员会(Indiana Port Commission) 德拉华河港口管理局(Delaware River P ort Authority)北卡罗来纳港（North Carolina State Ports Authority）非洲地区安哥拉（Angola）罗安达港（Port of Luanda）南非（South Africa）德班港（Port of Durban）理查德湾港（Port of Richards Bay）塞丹哈港（Port of Saldanha）开普敦港（Port of Capetown）伊丽莎白港（Port of Port Elizabeth）莫斯湾港（Port of Mossel Bay）东伦敦港（Port of East London）南美洲地区阿根廷（Argentina）阿根廷港口（Ports of Argentina）布兰卡港（Port of Bahia Blanca）里伐达维亚港（Comodoro Rivadavia）马德普拉塔港（Mar del Plata Port）巴拿马（Panama）巴拿马港口国家管理局（National Port Authority of Panama）巴西（Brazil）伊塔日阿伊港（Port of Itajai）达.马德拉港（Port of Ponta da Madeira）里奥格兰特港（Port of Rio Grande）萨尔瓦多港（Port of Salvador）圣多斯港（Port of Santos）维多利亚港（Port of Vitoria）巴巴多斯（Barbados)巴巴多斯港（Port of Barbados）哥伦比亚（Colombia）布韦那文图拉港（Port of Buenaventura）巴兰基利亚港（Port of Barranquilla）埃尔鲍斯克海港（El Bosque Sea Terminal）萨尔瓦多（El Salvador)阿卡胡特拉港（Port of Acajutla）库图科港（Port of Cutuco）秘鲁（Peru）秘鲁港口国有公司（National Port Enterprise of Peru）智利（Chile）瓦尔帕莱索港（Port of Valparaiso）阿里卡港（Port of Arica）智利港口（Ports of Chile）欧洲地区比利时（Belgium）安特卫普港（Port of Antwerp）根特港（Port of Ghent）泽不腊赫港（Port of Zeebrugge）克罗地亚（Croatia）克罗地亚港口（Ports of Croatia）丹麦（Denmark）奥尔堡港（Port of Aalborg）奥尔胡斯港（Port of Aarhus）奥本罗港（Port of Aabenraa）芬兰（Finland）上海港（Port of ShangHai）芬兰港口（Finnish Ports）赫尔辛基港（Port of Helsinki）盖密港（Port of Kemi）科科拉港（Port of Kokkola）科特卡港（Port of Kotka）奥鲁港（Port of Oulu）波里港（Port of Pori）彼太萨立港（Port of Pietsarsaari）腊黑港（Port of Raahe）托尔尼奥港（Port of Tornio）哈米纳港（Port of Hamina）法国（France）波尔多港（Port of Bordeaux）布勒斯特港（Port of Brest）勒阿弗尔港（Port of Le Havre）德国（Germany）汉堡港（Port of Hamburg）直布罗陀（Gibraltar）直布罗陀港（Port of Gibraltar）希腊（Greece）塞色勒狄克港（Port of Thessaloniki）冰岛（Iceland）雷克亚未克港（Port of Reykjavik）意大利（Italy）热那亚港（Port of Geneva）斯培西亚港（Port of La Spezia）那不勒斯港（Port of Napoli）拉文纳港（Port of Ravenna）萨累诺港（Port of Salerno）萨沃纳港（Port of Savona）奥古斯塔港（Port of Augusta）拉脱维亚（Latvia）拉脱维亚港口（Ports of Latvia）荷兰（Netherlands）鹿特丹港（Port of Rotterdam）挪威（Norway）奥斯陆港（Port of Oslo）苏拉港（Port of Sola）波兰（Poland）格但斯克港（Port of Gdansk）斯文诺斯切港（Port of Swinoujscie）葡萄牙（Portugal）锡土巴尔港（Port of Setúbal）锡尼什港（Port of Sines）罗马尼亚（Romania）康斯坦萨港（Port of Constantza）俄罗斯（Rusia）诺沃罗西斯克港（Port of Novorossiysk）圣彼得堡港（Saint Petersburg Port Authority）乌斯特-鲁戈港（Port of Ust-Luga）符拉迪敖斯托克港（Port of Vladivostok,即海参威港）西班牙（Spain）巴塞罗那港（Port of Barcelona）卡塔赫纳港（Port of Cartagena）桑坦德港（Port of Santander）毕尔巴鄂港（Port of Bilbao）拉.科鲁纳港（Port of La Coruña）塔腊戈纳港（Port of Tarragona）维利亚加西亚.德.阿罗萨港（Port of Vilagarcia de Arosa）卡的斯港（Port of Cadiz）拉斯柏尔马斯港（Port of Las Palmas）巴伦西亚港（Port of Valencia）马拉加港（Port of Malaga）阿尔梅里亚港（Ports of Almeria and Motril）休达港（Port of Ceuta）瑞典（Sweden）瑞典港口（Swedish Ports）法尔肯贝里港（Port of Falkenberg）哥德堡港（Port of Goteborg）哈尔姆斯塔德港（Port of Halmstad）赫纳散德港（Port of Harnsosand）赫尔辛堡港（Port of Helsingborg）马尔默港（Port of Malmoe）诺尔彻平港（Port of Norrkopings）塞德特里耶港（Port of Sodertalje）瓦尔汉姆港（Port de Wallhamn）英国（United Kingdom）英吉利港口（Associated British Ports）埃尔和特隆港（Ayr and Troon）巴罗港（Barrow）巴里港（Barry）加的夫港（Cardiff）科尔切斯特港（Colchester）弗利特伍德港（Fleetwood）加斯顿港（Garston）古耳港（Goole）格里姆斯比港（Grimsby）赫尔港（Hull）伊明翰港（Immingham）金斯林港（King´s Lynn）洛斯托夫特港（Lowestoft）纽波特港（Newport）伦敦港口管理局（Port of London Authority）普列茅斯港（Plymouth）锡洛斯港（Silloth）南安普顿港（Southampton）斯温西港（Swansea）泰尔柏特港（Talbot）廷默思港（Teignmouth）惠特比港（Whitby）贝尔法斯特港（Port of Belfast）亚洲地区中国（China）上海港（Port of ShangHai）连云港港（Port of Lianyungang）宁波港（Port of NingBo）大连港（Port of Dalian）青岛港（Port of QingDao）香港港口（Port of Hong Kong）高雄港（Port of kaohsiung）花莲港（Port of Hualien）广州港（Port of guang zhou）深圳港（Port of shenzhen）基隆港（Port of Keelung）台中港（Port of Taichung）韩国（Korea）釜山港（Port of Busan）仁川港（Port of Inchon）木蒲港（Port of Mokpo）日本（Japan）神户港（Port of Kobe）名古屋港（Port of Nagoya）横滨港（The Port of Yokohama）川崎港（Port of Kawasaki）梗津港（Port of Kisarazu）北九州港（Port of Kitakyushu）酒田港（Port of Sakata）千叶港（Port of Chiba）科威特（Kuwait）科威特港（Kuwait Ports Public Authority）马来西亚（Malaysia）民都鲁港（Bintulu Port Authority）柔佛港（Johore Port Authority）昆坦港（Kuantan Port Authority）古晋港（Kuching Port Authority）马六甲港（Malacca Port Authority）阿联酋（United Arab Emirates）迪拜港（Port of Dubai）菲律宾（Philippines）马尼拉港（Manila）印度（India）加尔各答港（Port of Calcutta）贾瓦哈拉港（Port of Jawaharlal）孟买港（Port of Mumbai）印度尼西亚（Indonesia）丹绒布绿港（Port of Tanjung Priok）以色列（Israel）以色列港（Israel Ports and Railways Authority）巴基斯坦（Pakistan）卡拉奇港（Port of Karachi）Singapoore（新加坡）新加坡港（Port of Singapore Authority美洲（AMERICA）中美洲及加勒比海地区（CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN）巴拿马PANAMA∙巴尔博亚（Balboa, PA）∙（Coco Solo, PA）∙克里斯托巴尔（Cristobal, PA）∙巴拿马（Panama, PA）牙买加（JAMAICA）∙牙买加（Jamaica, JM）波多黎各（PUERTO RICO）∙法哈多（Fajardo, PR）北美洲（NORTH AMERICA）加拿大（CANADA）∙（Bayside, CA）∙（Botwood, CA）∙夏洛特敦（Charlottetown, CA）∙彻奇子（Churchill, CA）∙（Come By Chance, CA）∙（Corner Brook, CA）∙达尔豪西（Dalhousie, CA）∙乔治敦（Georgetown, CA）∙古斯贝（Goose Bay - Terrington Basin, CA）∙古斯贝（Goose Bay - Terrington Basin (West Dock), CA）∙哈利法克斯（Halifax, CA）∙朗鲍德（Long Pond, CA）∙（Mulgrave, CA）∙纽卡斯尔（Newcastle, CA）∙纽芬兰岛（Newfoundland and Labrador, CA）∙蒙特利尔（Montreal, CA）∙（North Fraser, CA）∙（North Sydney (Nova Scotia), CA）∙（Pictou, CA）∙（Port Alberni, CA）∙鲁珀特王子港（Prince Rupert, CA）∙魁北克（Quebec, CA）∙圣约翰（Saint John, CA）∙（Saint Lawrence Seaway System Ports, US）∙（Souris, CA）∙斯提芬维（Stephenville, CA）∙萨默塞德（Summerside, CA）∙悉尼（锡德尼）（Sydney, CA）∙多伦多（Toronto, CA）∙温哥华市（Vancouver, CA (Official Site) (CA)）∙温哥华岛（Vancouver, CA）∙（Vancouver, BC）墨西哥（MEXICO）∙维拉克鲁斯（Veracruz, MX）美国（UNITED STATES）∙巴尔的摩（Baltimore, US）∙巴吞鲁日（Baton Rouge, US）∙贝林哈姆（Bellingham, US）∙本顿（Benton, US）∙波士顿（Boston, US）∙布雷默顿（Bremerton, US）∙彭斯哈本（Burns Harbor, US）∙卡姆登（或坎登）（Camden, US）∙查尔斯顿（Charleston, US）∙查塔姆（Chatham (New Brunswick), US）∙夏洛特（Charlotte, US）∙（Clark Maritime Center, US）∙哥伦布（Columbus, US）∙科珀斯克里斯港（Corpus Christi, US）∙荷兰港（Dutch Harbor, US）∙伊利（Erie-Western Pennsylvania, US）∙加尔维斯顿（Galveston, US0∙乔治敦（Georgetown, US）∙佐治亚（Georgia Ports Authority, US）∙（Grays Harbor, US）∙格林斯伯勒（Greensboro, US）∙格尔夫涅特（Gulfport, US）∙哈灵顿（Harlingen, US）∙休士顿（Houston, US）∙伊比利亚（Iberia, US）∙杰克逊维尔（Jacksonville, US）∙卡拉马（Kalama, US）∙（Kennewick, US）∙科迪亚克岛（Kodiak, US）∙（Krotz Springs, US）∙（Lake Providence, US）∙刘易斯顿（Lewiston, US）∙长滩（Long Beach, US）∙洛杉矶（Los Angeles, US）∙迈阿密（Miami, US）∙密尔沃基（Milwaukee, US）∙（Morehead City, US）∙新罕布什尔（New Hampshire State Port Authority, US）∙新奥尔良（New Orleans, US）∙新奥尔良（New Orleans, US (Industrial Canal & Gulf Outlet)）∙纽约（New York and New Jersey Maritime Association, USA）∙奥克兰（Oakland, US）∙俄勒冈洲（State of Oregon, US）∙棕榈滩（Palm Beach, US）∙帕斯科（Pasco, US）∙费城（Philadelphia, US）∙匹兹堡（Pittsburgh, US）∙（Point Comfort, US）∙阿瑟港（Port Arthur, US）∙（Port Everglades, US）∙（Port Hueneme, US）∙（Port Lavaca, US）∙波特兰（Portland, US）∙朴次茅斯（Portsmouth, US）∙里士满（Richmond, US）∙萨克拉门托（Sacramento, US）∙圣贝尔纳（St. Bernard, US）∙（Saint Paul, US）∙圣迭戈（San Diego, US）∙（San Diego / Public Notices, US）∙旧金山（San Francisco, US）∙萨凡纳（Savannah, US）∙西雅图（Seattle, US）(PAN)∙（Southwind Maritime Center, US）∙斯托克顿（Stockton, US）∙（Tacoma, US）∙坦帕（Tampa, USA）∙（Thunder Bay, USA）∙（Valdez, US）∙温哥华（Vancouver, US）∙西佛吉尼亚（West Virgina Ports, US）∙（Whitman County, US）∙威尔明顿（Wilmington, Delaware US）∙威尔明顿（Wilmington, North Carolina US）南美洲（SOUTH AMERICA）巴西BRAZIL∙伊塔雅伊（Itajai, BR）∙里奥格兰德（Rio Grande, BR）∙桑托斯（Santos, BR）哥伦比亚（COLOMBIA）∙巴兰基亚（Barranquilla, CO）∙（Sociedad Portuaria Regional de Barranquilla）∙布埃纳文图拉（Buenaventura, CO）∙（Buenaventura, CO）∙卡纳赫纳（Cartagena, CO）∙Cartagena, CO∙保利瓦港（Puerto Bolivar, CO）∙普洛得克港（Puerto Prodeco, CO）∙圣玛尔塔（Santa Marta, CO）非洲（AFRICA）埃及（EGYPT）∙苏伊士运河（Suez Canal, EG）南非（SOUTH AFRICA∙开普顿（Cape Town, ZA）∙德班（Durban, ZA）∙东伦敦（East London, ZA）∙（Mossel Bay, ZA）∙伊丽莎白港（Port Elizabeth, ZA）∙理查兹湾（Richards Bay, ZA）∙萨尔达尼亚（Saldanha, ZA亚洲（ASIA）印度（INDIA）∙加尔各答（Calcutta, IN）∙印度半岛（India - Ports, IN）∙（Pipavav, IN）日本（JAPAN）∙川崎（Kawasaki, JP）∙名古屋（Nagoya, JP）∙千叶（Chiba, JP）∙神户（Kobe, JP）∙横滨（Yokohama, JP）∙北九洲（Kitakyushu, JP）韩国（KOREA）∙釜山（Busan (KR)）∙长项（Changhang (KR)）∙镇海（Chinhae (KR)）∙（Daesan (KR)）∙（Donghae (KR)）∙（Gojeong (KR)）∙仁川（Inchon (KR)）∙群山（Kunsan (KR)）∙（Kwangyang (KR)）∙马山（Masan (KR)）∙木浦（Mokpo (KR)）∙（Okke (KR)）∙（Okpo (KR)）∙浦项（Pohang (KR)）∙平泽（Pyungtaek (KR)）∙蔚山（Ulsan (KR)）泰国（THAILAND）∙（Laem Chabang, TH）欧洲（EUROPE）比利时（BELGIUM∙安特卫普（Antwerp, BE）∙根特（Ghent, BE）∙佛兰芝（Zeebrugge, BE）克罗地亚（CROATIA）∙（Maslenica, HR）丹麦DENMARK）∙（Aabenraa, DK）∙奥尔堡（Aalborg, DK）∙哥本哈根（Aalborghamn, DK）∙奥胡斯Aarhus, DK爱沙尼亚（ESTONIA∙（Heltermaa, EE）∙（Kuivastu EE）∙（Muuga, EE）∙（Paldiski, EE）∙（Paljassaare, EE）∙派尔努（Parnu, EE）∙（Rohukula, EE）∙（Roomassaare, EE）∙塔林（Tallinn, EE）∙（Sviby, EE）∙（Virtsu, EE）芬兰（FINLAND）∙赫尔辛基（Helsinki, FI）∙凯米（Kemi, FI）∙科科拉（Kokkola, FI）∙科特卡（Kotka, FI）∙奥卢（Oulu, FI）∙（Pietarsaari, F）I∙拉赫（Raahe, FI）∙（Tornio, FI）法国（FRANCE）∙布雷斯特（Brest, FR）∙波尔多（Bordeaux）∙勒阿弗尔（Le Havre）∙马塞（Marseille）德国（GERMANY）∙基尔（Kiel, DE）∙汉堡（Hamburg）直布罗陀（GIBRALTAR）∙直布罗陀海峡（Gibraltar, GI）希腊（GREECE）∙塞萨洛尼基（Thessaloniki, GR）冰岛（ICELAND）∙雷克雅未克（Reykjavik, IS）意大利（ITALY）∙安科拉（Ancona）∙布林迪西（Brindisi）∙（Civitavecchia）∙热那亚（Genoa, IT）∙（La Spezia, IT）∙（Livorno, IT）∙那卜勒斯（Naples (8 ports of Neapolitan System)）∙巴勒莫（Palermo）∙皮帛比诺（Piombino）∙里窝那（Ravenna, IT）∙萨莱诺（Salerno）∙萨沃纳（Savona, IT）∙的里亚斯特（Trieste）∙威尼斯（Venice, IT）拉脱维亚（LATVIA）∙（Engure, LV）∙拉托维亚（Latvia, LV）∙利耶帕亚（Liepaja, LV）∙（Lielupe, LV）∙（Mersrags, LV）∙（Pavilosta, LV）∙里加（Riga, LV）∙罗哈（Roja, LV）∙（Salacgriva, LV）∙（Skulte, LV）∙文茨皮尔斯（Ventpils, LV）立陶宛（LITHUANIA）∙克莱佩达（Klaipeda, LT）荷兰（NETHERLANDS）∙鹿特丹（Rotterdam, NL）∙Amsterdam∙Delfzijl/Eemshaven挪威（NORWAY）∙奥斯陆（Oslo）波兰（POLAND）∙格丁尼亚（Gdynia, PL）葡萄牙（PORTUGAL）∙塞图巴尔（Setubal, PT）俄罗斯（RUSSIA）∙海参崴（Vladivostok, RU）斯洛文尼亚（SLOVENIA）∙科佩尔（Koper, SI）西班牙（SPAIN）∙毕尔巴鄂（Bilbao, ES）∙桑坦德（Santander, ES）∙维利亚加西（Vilagarcia, ES）瑞典（SWEDEN）∙奥胡斯（Ahus, SE）∙（Hamosand, SE）∙赫尔辛堡（Helsingborg, SE）∙长尔马（Kalmar Hamn, SE）∙马尔默（Malm SE）∙瓦尔贝里（Varberg, SE）乌克兰（UKRAINE）∙伊利切夫斯克（Ilyichevsk, UA）英国（UNITED KINGDOM）∙艾尔和特伦（Ayr and Troon, UK）∙巴罗（Barrow, UK）∙巴里（Barry, UK）∙加的夫（Cardiff, UK）∙科尔切斯特（Colchester, UK）∙弗利特伍德（Fleetwood, UK）∙古尔（Goole, UK）∙大雅茅斯（Great Yarmouth）∙格里姆斯比（Grimsby, UK）∙赫尔（Hull, UK）∙伊明赫姆（Immingham, UK）∙金斯林（King's Lynn, UK）∙伦敦（London, UK）∙洛斯托夫特（Lowestoft, UK）∙纽波特（Newport, UK）∙普利茅斯（Plymouth, UK）∙塔尔伯特港（Port Talbot, UK）∙（SCT, UK）∙西洛斯（Silloth, UK）∙（TCS, UK）∙廷茅斯（Teignmouth, UK）∙惠特比（Whitby, UK）∙斯温西（Swansea, UK）中东（MIDDLE EAST）沙特阿拉伯（SAUDO ARABIA）∙阿金夏（Argentia, SA）阿拉伯联合酋长国（UNITED ARAB EMIRATES）∙迪拜（Dubai, AE）大洋洲OCEANIA 澳大利亚（AUSTRALIA）∙阿德莱德（Adelaide, AU）∙布里斯班（Brisbane, AU）∙（Cape Jervis, AU）∙达尔文（Darwin, AU）∙杰拉尔顿（Geraldton, AU）∙霍巴特（Hobart, AU）∙金斯科顿（Kingscote, AU）∙（Klein Point, AU）∙墨尔本（Melbourne, AU）∙（Penneshaw, AU）∙吉利港（Port Giles,AU）∙林肯港（Port Lincoln, AU）∙皮里港（Port Pirie, AU）∙泰弗纳德（Thevenard, AU）∙沃拉鲁（Wallaroo,AU）关岛（GUAM）关岛（Guam）马来西亚（MALAYSIA）∙柔佛（Johor, MY）∙新马（Kelang, MY）∙古晋（Kuching, MY）∙马六甲（Malacca, MY）∙槟榔屿（Penang, MY）∙三四务（Sibu, MY）菲律宾（PHILIPPINES）∙马尼亚-南方港（Manilla - South Harbor, PH）新加坡（SINGAPORE）∙新加坡（Singapore, SG）。
美国输华小麦、玉米、大豆、高粱注册出口企业名单
36
Consolidated Grain and Barge Co.
10650 Mill Road Mount Carroll, Illinois 61053
815-244-4012
37
Cooper/T.Smith Stevedoring Company, Inc.
118 North Royal Street, Suite 1100 Mobile, Alabama 36602
510-665-1600
26
Capital Prosperity, Inc.
2200 Secaucus Road North Bergen, New Jersey 07047
201-348-6300
27
CARGILL, INCORPORATED
15407 McGinty Road West Wayzata, Minnesota 55391
2
Adams Grain Company, Inc.
7301 John Galt Way Arbuckle, California 95912
530-668-2078
3
Affton Trucking Company
420 Gimblin Saint Louis, Missouri 63147
314-280-0040
Friederichs Seeds, Inc.
3159 Highway 210 Foxhome, MN 56543
218-643-1797
50
GAPSA Grains & Produits, LTD.
28602 97th Street NW Zimmerman, Minnesota 55398
英国自然资源
Geography of the United KingdomFrom Wikipedia, the free en cyclopediaJump to: n avigati on, searchThe United Kingdom occupies a substantial part of the British IslesThe Un ited Kin gdom of Great Britai n and Norther n Irela nd , or UK is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. With a total area of approximately 243,610 square kilometres (94,060 sq mi), the UK occupies the major part of the British Isles ⑴ archipelagoand includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern one-sixth of the island of Ireland and manysmaller surrounding islands. The mainland areas lie between latitudes 49 ° N and 59 ° N (the Shetland Islands reach to nearly 61 ° N), and Iongitudes 8 ° W to 2 ° E. The Royal Greenwich Observatory , in South East London , is the defining point of the Prime Meridian .The UKlies between the North Atlantic and the North Sea, and comes within 35 km (22 mi) of the northwest coast of France, from which it is separated by the En glish Channel . It shares a 360 km intern ati on al la nd boun dary with the Republic of Ireland . The Channel Tunnel bored beneath the English Chann el, now links the UK with Fran ce.The British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies are covered in their own respective articles, see below .Content 是* 1 Area* 2 Physical geographyo 2.1 Geologyo 2.2 Moun tai ns and hillso 2.3 Rivers and lakeso 2.4 Artificial waterwayso 2.5 Coastl ine2.5.1 In lets2.5.2 Headla ndso 2.6 Isla ndso 2.7 Climate* 3 Huma n geographyo 3.1 Demographicso 3.2 Political geography3.2.1 Nati onal gover nment3.2.2 Local gover nmento 3.3 Econo mic geography3.3.1 Primary in dustry3.3.2 Manu facturi ng3.3.3 Finance and services3.3.4 Regio nal disparity« 4 Natural resources* 5 Environmento 5.1 Current issueso 5.2 Intern ati onal agreeme nts« 6 An tipodes«7 Geography of depe nden cieso 7.1 Crow n depe nden cieso 7.2 Overseas territories* 8 See also«9 Refere nces* 10 External li nksAreaThe total area of the United Kingdom is approximately 245,000 square kilometres (94,600 sq mi), comprising the island of Great Britain , the northeastern one-sixth of the island of Ireland (Northern Ireland) and many smaller isla nds. En gla nd is the largest country of the Un ited Kin gdom, at 130,410 square kilometres (50,350 sq mi) accounting for just over half the total area of the UK.Scotland at 78,772 square kilometres (30,410sq mi),旦is second largest, accounting for about a third of the area of the UK. Wales and Northern Ireland are much smaller, covering 20,758square kilometres (8,010 sq mi) and 14,160 square kilometres (5,470 sq mi) respectively.The area of the coun tries of the Un ited Kin gdom is set out in the table below. Information about the area of England, the largest country , is also broken down by region .Name En gla nd1 - South West 里RankEast of En gla ndArea130,427 km223,837 km2 19,120 km2-South East 坐19,096 km2-East Midlands 15,627 km2—Yorkshire and the Humber 15,420 km2-North West 吐14,165 km2-West Midlands 邑12,998 km2-North East 旦8,592 km2-London 里1,572 km2邑78,772 km22 Scotland3 Wales 迴20,778 km24 Norther n Irela nd 13,843 km2United Kingdom243,820 km2Overseas territories1,727,570 km2,which covers an area of 1,709,400 kmThe British Antarctic Territoryis geographically the largest of the British Overseas Territoriesfollowed by the Falkla nd Isla nds which covers an area of 12,173 km . The rema ining twelve overseas territories cover an area 5,997 km 2.Physical geographyUK's topographyThe physical geography of the UK varies greatly. En gla nd con sists of mostly lowland terrain, with upland or mountainous terrain only found north-west of the Tees-Exe line . The upland areas include the Lake District , the Pennines, Exmoorand Dartmoor. The lowland areas aretypically traversed by ranges of low hills, frequently composedof chalk . The physical geography of Scotla nd is disti nguished by the Highla nd Boundary Fault which traverses the Scottish mainland from Helensburgh to Ston ehave n. The faultli ne separates the two dist in ctively differe nt regions of theHighlands to the north and west, and the lowlands to the south and east. Wales is mostly mountain。
人教版高一英语 Unit 4 History and Traditions Reading
Reading and Thinking（1）
Learning objectives
In this class, you will 1. read a text about the history of the UK and sort out the detailed
Think and share
1. What is the full name of the UK? The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
Think and share
2. What message does its name convey? The UK is made up of different countries.
Read and find out
Read paragraph 3 aloud.
Read and find out
… They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence. However, they also have some differences. For example, England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland all have different education systems and legal systems. They also have their own traditions ... And they even have their own football teams for competitions like the World Cup!
鲁伯特王子港：未来北美新门户港口
鲁伯特王子港：未来北美新门户港口鲁伯特王子港：未来北美新门户港口本刊记者刘俊鲁伯特王子港，位于加拿大西部大港温哥华港的北部，是距温哥华港较近的北美最深的天然深水良港，与加拿大其他港口和铁路有着紧密的联系。
由于战略性地处在世界上最繁忙的运货通道，能处理超大吞吐量，而且会在不久的将来实施拓展计划，鲁伯特王子港已经蓄势待发。
2006年，鲁伯特王子港货物吞吐量创历史新高，达到770万吨，比2005年增长了75％，受亚洲市场对电煤需求的增长和港口所在的不列颠哥伦比亚省（简称BC省）北部开采新煤矿的刺激，鲁伯特王子港去年煤炭吞吐量为280万吨，比去年增长了177％；小麦、谷物和油菜籽的吞吐量分别为440万吨、2.5万吨和13万吨，分别比去年增长61％、197％和110％。
鲁伯特王子港Fa irvie w集装箱码头一期项目将于9月12日开港，一期的集装箱码头将达到50万T EU的吞吐能力，并由此形成一条通向北美中部的快速通道，达到200万TE U的年吞吐能力，预计2015年将达到400万TEU。
鲁伯特王子港集装箱港一期项目共投资1.7亿加币（约合12亿人民币），其中加拿大联邦政府和BC 省政府各投资3000万加币，加拿大国家铁路公司（CN）投资2 500万加币，Mahe r码头公司投资6 000万加币，鲁伯特王子港务局投资2 500万加币。
鲁伯特王子港的集装箱项目将拥有相当的潜力，能缓解西海岸码头集装箱处理能力不足的困扰，这些受困扰的码头包括温哥华、西雅图、塔科马、奥克兰和南加利福尼亚诸港。
一期项目只有1个泊位和3台超巴拿马吊机，二期计划在2009或2010年投产。
感恩节节日介绍
阿格联盟之间的翻译和使者
4 新大陆的南瓜、枫糖浆大大缓解了殖民者食物中缺乏糖料的困境糖料作为 当时旧大陆比较精英化的食材，逐渐变得平民化
5 此外，殖民者们还从原住民那里学会了用蔓越莓制作各种食物和治疗外伤的 药材，直到今天，蔓越莓仍然是新英格兰地区感恩节大餐重要的组成部分
• 此外，印第安人帮助清教徒，清教徒与印第安人共渡第一个感恩节事实上是两个独 立的故事，尽管两个故事都有着一样的主人公。
• 主要给殖民者提供帮助的印第安人是提斯昆（Tisquantum）。
• 他是一个出生在帕图西特的万帕诺阿格人。提斯昆大约在1605年被一个英国探险者抓获，然后贩卖到欧洲，阴差 阳错之下，又被转卖至送往西班牙加勒比殖民地的奴隶船。在那里，天主教方济各会的修士赎回了他，并给他洗 礼，成为一名天主教徒。提斯昆在不停辗转流离中，横渡了数次大西洋，学会了英语，并对欧洲文化产生了兴趣。 1619年，他以翻译的身份，随着一名英国船长回到故乡。迎接他的，不是昔日的同乡，而是家人死于瘟疫的消息。
在更靠南的南美圭亚那，还是北边马萨诸塞州海岸之间进行选择。
五月花号最初在马萨诸塞海岸徘徊时，与瑙塞特人（Nauset）发生了冲突。
2 这场冲突没有分出胜负，按清教徒的说法，他们击退瑙塞特人之后选择了离开，
而瑙塞特人则认为被击退的是清教徒。
总而言之，今天被称为普利茅斯那个处女地，原本不在五月花号的计划
4. 对印第安人来说，与其中一个部落成为朋友，意味着这个部落的敌人也会成为结盟者的敌人，而且从印第安 人的道德立场来说，这种敌我关系不可妥协。这条原则对清教徒同样适用。
与原住民发生的冲突
冲突的发生
卡塔赫纳港口
卡塔赫纳港口卡塔赫纳是哥伦比亚西部港市，位于马格达莱纳河口东岸，与委内瑞拉和巴拿马相邻。
海拔1米。
始建于1594年。
人口13.6万（1980）。
始为印第安人村落。
1562年遭西班牙人破坏，后发展成为重要商港和工业中心。
周围地区农产品集散中心。
工业有纺织、制糖、榨油等。
输出咖啡、棉花、香蕉、甘蔗、烟草、谷物等。
风景优美，为旅游胜地。
重要的铁路终点站，有国际机场。
太平洋铁路、泛美公路通此。
附近为热带丛林区。
卡塔赫纳属于亚热带湿润气候，平均最高温度25℃，最低温度14℃。
夏季较为炎热，12月至3月间夜晚较凉爽。
年降雨量约2000毫米左右。
地理位置：卡塔赫纳是哥伦比亚的一个城镇，也是哥伦比亚麦德林省的首府，是麦德林省的省会。
卡塔赫纳是麦德林省的经济中心，拥有许多政府机构，包括哥伦比亚的总统府所在地。
卡塔赫纳是世界著名的游览城市之一，每年接待来自全球各地数百万的观光客，同时卡塔赫纳还被列入世界文化遗产。
有许多古老的教堂、博物馆以及大学和图书馆。
卡塔赫纳城始建于1591年，当时这里只是一座小岛，如今已发展成一座现代化的都市，是一个典型的南美城市。
圣弗朗西斯科广场上的大教堂始建于1587年，是西班牙殖民者的建筑杰作，每天吸引着大批游客前去参观。
老广场上的耶稣雕像是圣卡塔琳娜市的象征，矗立在广场中央。
小城北面耸立着圣母玛丽亚大教堂。
它与一般的教堂不同，没有一般教堂的许多尖顶，而是具有哥特式的高耸尖塔，并饰以彩色玻璃，在阳光照耀下金碧辉煌。
游人可从不同角度观赏它的雄姿。
小城街道整洁，纵横交错。
窄窄的长街上挤满了一家挨一家的商店。
卖肉类、蔬菜水果、牛奶、干酪等。
游人主要消费中心是“印第安人市场”，这是一处露天市场，每逢星期日有许多小贩在这里摆摊设点，出售工艺品、鲜花、水果、木炭和蔬菜等。
另外，还有几条街道上，分布着饭馆、咖啡馆和餐厅，每到傍晚时分，街道上便熙熙攘攘，热闹非凡。
另外，还有十几条街道上聚集着一些手工艺品作坊。
2023-2024学年湖南省长沙市雅礼教育集团中考联考英语试题含答案
2024年中考英语模拟试卷注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号和座位号填写在试题卷和答题卡上。
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将条形码粘贴在答题卡右上角"条形码粘贴处"。
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答案不能答在试题卷上。
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不按以上要求作答无效。
4．考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。
考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
Ⅰ. 单项选择1、About _______ of the students in Grade Nine this year were born in the 1990s.A．three four B．three fourths C．third fourth D．third fourths2、—What do you think of the environment here?—Wonderful! of the land is covered with trees and grass.A．Two fifths B．Two fifth C．Second fifths D．Second fifth3、—How is your head teacher?—Our head teacher is _________ with us and we usually feel nervous in his lesson.A．kind B．pleased C．strict D．good4、— Mom, must I finish my homework now?— No, you ______. Y ou may have supper first.A．mustn’t B．needn’t C．can’t5、—What would you do if the light suddenly went out?— I think I would ______ about in the dark for the candle and match.A．walk B．touch C．feel D．look6、Smoking can ________ lung cancer. You had better give it up.A．work on B．lead to C．take away D．put out7、— What do you think of your junior middle school life?— I think it is colorful, I’m always busy.A．though B．while C．until D．because8、A survey about cycling to work was made among two hundred people. According tothe result below, the people who choose cycling because of health and fitness are _______ more than those who choose cycling because of no parking problems.A．60 B．72 C．309、He was advised to eat fewer hamburgers and drink cola to keep fit.A．much B．less C．fewer D．more10、—How was your trip to the British Museum?—I spoke no English and was _______ silent during the visit.A．completely B．peacefully C．patiently D．carefullyⅡ. 完形填空11、Do you like reading? Reading is a fun thing to do 1 your free time and is also a good way to 2 a better student.You are learning large numbers of new 3 from reading. This can help you to have a bigger and richer vocabulary. 4 you read a lot, you will meet with many new words that you would not often use in everyday life. Reading often also helps 5 your writing because new words 6 in your compositions.Another good reason to read books is that the story can take your 7 to new places and help you become 8 open-minded. Each story you read is 9 . This gets your mind wide. When you read books you have to 10the background and persons and think of new and exciting people and places.1．A．on B．by C．in2．A．become B．get C．make3．A．sentences B．words C．knowledge4．A．Though B．If C．Unless5．A．grow B．keep C．improve6．A．can be used B．were used C．used7．A．body B．mind C．feeling8．A．more B．less C．much9．A．difficult B．easy C．different10．A．think over B．look out C．work outⅢ. 语法填空12、阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确的形式填空,使短文通思想完整。
牙买加出口指南说明书
THIS REPORT CONTAINS ASSESSMENTS OF COMMODITY AND TRADE ISSUES MADE BY USDA STAFF AND NOT NECESSARILY STATEMENTS OF OFFICIAL U.S. GOVERNMENT POLICYVoluntary -PublicDate:12/28/2018GAIN Report Number:JM1810 JamaicaPost:KingstonJamaica – Exporter Guide 2018Approved By:Lisa Ahramjian, Agricultural AttachéPrepared By:Courtland Grant, Agricultural SpecialistReport Highlights:In 2017, U.S. exports of agricultural and related products to Jamaica reached $470 million. The largest growth is in U.S. consumer-oriented products, with a 9 percent increase during the first ten months of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. U.S. exports in this category represent a 38 percent market share. Although increased competition is expected in the near future due to Jamaica’s implementation of free trade agreements with other countries, the U.S. products with good sales potential include: cheese, hatching eggs, steakhouse-quality beef, sauces, fruit and vegetable juices, processed vegetables, frozen French fries, and wine.JamaicaMarket FactsheetUSDA | Foreign Agricultural ServiceJamaica is the largest English-speaking Caribbean island, with a population of approximately 3 million people. It is one of the main tourist destinations in the Caribbean region, with 2.35 million visitor arrivals in 2017. The Ministry of Tourism is pushing for a doubling of the number of hotel rooms over the next several years.In 2017, Jamaica’s GDP was estimated at $15 billion with a GDP per capita income of $5,000. The Jamaican economy is heavily dependent on services, which accounts for 70percent of the GDP. The country derives most of its foreign exchange from tourism, remittances, and bauxite/alumina. Earnings from tourism andremittances account for 20 percent and 14 percent respectively.Agriculture accounts for only 7 percent of GDP, and the main farming activities are sugar cane, coffee, citrus, vegetables and poultry. Jamaica’s primary trading partner is the United States, which supplies the country with wheat, corn, soybeans, and consumer-oriented products.Imports of Consumer-Oriented Products38%14%6%5%37%Market Share (%)United States -38 %Trinidad &Tobago -14%Canada - 6%New Zealand -5%Others -37%List of Top 10 Growth Products 1) Beef 6) Wheat/products 2) Cheese 7) Sauces3) Fruit and Veg Juices 8) Frozen Fries 4) Processed Fruit 9) Tree Nuts 5) Processed Vegetables 10) WineConsumer-Oriented Trade (U.S. million) 2017 Jamaica Imports (all sources) 454.7 Jamaica Imports (from U.S.) 173.9 Jamaica Exports (all dest.) 186.7 Jamaica Exports (to U.S.) 112.0Top 10 Jamaica Retailers1) Progressive Grocers of Jamaica 2) Hi-Lo Food Stores3) Mega Mart Supermarkets 4) Spanish Grain Stores Group 5) Sampars Cash & Carry 6) Super Plus Supermarkets 7) PriceSmart8) McMasters Limited 9) Master Mac Enterprises 10) General Food SupermarketsStrengths/Weaknesses/Opportunities/ThreatsStrengths Weaknesses Proximity to the United States Higher prices for some U.S. productscompared tocompetitorsStrong demand for U.S. products Opportunities Threats Seasonality of domestic productionCompetition from EU and Caricom trade agreementsGrowth in Jamaica’s HRI/tourism sector Overly strict import requirements thatprotect local industrySECTION 1: MARKET OVERVIEWThe Jamaican economy is currently experiencing a low economic growth rate in a challenging global macroeconomic environment. For calendar year 2017, Jamaica recorded a disappointing real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth of 0.9 percent. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) estimates that the Jamaican economy will grow by 1.2 percent in 2018 and will further expand by 1.5 percent in 2019. Despite the low economic growth prospects for the Jamaican economy, there are good opportunities for U.S. suppliers. Jamaica has to import much of its food needs because the country has an insufficient amount of arable land, a tropical climate that is not conducive to many agricultural products, an underdeveloped food-processing sector, and a growing tourism sector.Furthermore, U.S. products hold strong appeal among the approximately 3.0 million local residents. This is due to exposure to U.S. products through visits that many Jamaican citizens make to the United States and through U.S. media, which is readily available in Jamaica. Given these favorable conditions for U.S. exports, it is no surprise that the United States is the largest supplier of food products.In 2017, agricultural and fisheries imports by Jamaica were $855.8 million from all sources, with $458 million in consumer-oriented products. The U.S. market share was 45 percent ($388 million) for all agricultural and related products and 38 percent ($174 million, the highest level on record) for consumer-oriented products. In the first ten months of 2018, U.S. consumer-oriented exports were up 9 percent compared to the same period in 2017. In addition, U.S. agricultural and related exports were up 3 percent in 2018 to date.Figure 1: U.S. Exports of Consumer-Oriented Products to Jamaica(Millions of Dollars)Source: https:///gats/default.aspxJamaican importers have a long history of doing business with the United States. Their strong interest in U.S. suppliers and products are mainly due to close proximity, long-standingreputation of high-quality products, and superior quality of service. Many local importers have indicated that they are able to source a wide variety of products from non-U.S. suppliers, but few of these suppliers can match the product quality and reliability offered by U.S. suppliers. The table below provides the advantages and challenges facing U.S. exporters in Jamaica.The following tips should be noted:•Exclusive distributorship agreements are preferred by Jamaican importers. However, U.S. exporters can work with one or more importers provided the market segment foreach importer is properly identified.•U.S. exporters are advised to require payment of goods via letter of credit, especially for initial transactions. Credit terms may be extended to the importers after conducting athorough background and credit investigation, and after a payment history has beenestablished.•Some Jamaican importers maintain purchasing offices in the United States and consolidate their shipments in Florida and/or Georgia.•Jamaican business people value trust and personal relationships. U.S. exporters are encouraged to maintain close contact with their Jamaican importers. Regular marketvisits are favored by Jamaican importers and are regarded as a show of support.•Jamaican consumers generally prefer smaller package sizes.•Jamaica follows international standards (e.g. Codex Alimentarius) and generally accepts U.S. standards for food and agricultural products.•Some products are not allowed into Jamaica. Therefore, U.S. exporters should verify that their product is eligible for entry into Jamaica prior to shipping.•An import permit from the relevant Jamaican regulatory agency must be granted and a sanitary/phyto-sanitary certificate addressing Government of Jamaica requirements and issued by the relevant U.S. regulatory agency are required prior to the products arriving at the Jamaican ports.SECTION III: IMPORT FOOD STANDARDS & REGULATIONS AND IMPORT PROCEDURESJamaica’s food standards and regulations are largely World Trade Organization (WTO)-consistent and allow a level of free and fair trade; however, there are challenges to the importation of food products. The following are some of the main challenges imported products face:1)Jamaica’s regulatory agencies require health/sanitary certificates from U.S. Feder al/Stateauthorities for all foods, including highly processed foods.2)Many imports require import permits/licenses, which is often influenced by Governmentof Jamaica (GOJ) policies.3)There is an absence of clear, transparent and accessible information on importrequirements for most products.Competent authorities within the respective government ministries have the authority to enforce specific standards and regulations and to make recommendations to parliament to amend such legislations.The Veterinary Services Division (VSD) in the Ministry of Industry, Commerce, Agriculture and Fisheries (MICAF) is responsible for the application of regulations and for the issuing ofpermits regarding the importation of live animals, fish and fish products, meat, poultry, animal products, and by-products into Jamaica (.jm/VetServices/index.php).The Plant Quarantine and Plant Protection Division in MICAF is responsible for issuingpermits for the importation of plants, plant products and by-products, produce, and grains (.jm/PlantHealth/index.php).The Bureau of Standards Jamaica/National Compliance and Regulatory Authority in MICAF is responsible for enforcing weights and labeling standards for imported products(.jm/).The Ministry of Health (MOH) is responsible for issuing permits for processed foods and beverages (.jm/divisions-agencies/divisions/standards-and-regulation-division/). It also enforces the acts related to pesticides and toxic chemicals through thePesticides Control Authority (PCA, ).The Jamaica Customs Agency (JCA) in the Ministry of Finance (MOF) is responsible for collection of revenue, the protection o f Jamaica’s borders against illicit imports and thefacilitation of trade (https://.jm).Ocean carriers, airlines, and any persons transporting goods into Jamaica are expected to submit a cargo manifest in advance or prior to arrival (this is called Advance Cargo Reporting). A “declarant,” an agent authorized by the Jamaica Customs Agency (JCA) who acts as an intermediary between the importer and the JCA to certify that the submitted information is true and accurate, must process all imports. The declarant prepares and submits all relevant documents (including invoices, declaration of value certificates, import permits, import licenses, bills of lading/air-way bills, certificate of origin, export certificates from exporting countries, health/sanitary certificates from exporting countries, etc.) to JCA, including the computer-based single administrative document (e-SAD). The JCA verifies the declarations, utilizing special or preferential tax treatments. Physical examination of the goods may be required based on JCA determination of the risk.Jamaica’s regulatory agencies have a presence at the ports of entry and operate as a “one stop” facility with officials from each of the following competent authorities:•Veterinary Services Division, MICAF.•Plant Quarantine Division, MICAF.•Bureau of Standards Jamaica, MICAF.•Food Storage and Prevention of Infestation Division, MICAF.•Pesticides Control Authority, MOH.•Pharmaceutical Regulatory Affairs Division, MOH.•Public Health Division, MOH.More information on Jamaica’s import requirements and procedures including customs clearance, labeling requirements, import permits, import licenses, import certificates, tariffs, andtrademarks laws can be found in Post’s Food and Agricultural Import Regulations and Standards (FAIRS) reports: https:///regions/jamaica.SECTION IV: MARKET SECTOR STRUCTURE AND TRENDSDespite the economic low GDP growth rate and challenges with sanitary/phytosanitary requirements and enforcement, there are many opportunities for U.S. exports of food and beverages.A.Retail Food Sector:The Jamaican retail sector continues to modernize and expand, fostering increasing sales of a wide range of U.S. food and beverage products. In 2017, Jamaica imported a total of $458 million in consumer-oriented products from all sources. Of that total, approximately 40 percent is channeled to household consumers via retail outlets such as supermarkets, convenience stores, and small ‘mom and pop’ stores. Most of the products stocked on the shelves are imported.The smaller retailers, such as neighborhood ‘mom and pop’ stores and convenience stores, account for 20 percent of retail sales and will buy most if not all of their products from local wholesalers/distributors. These retailers have a slower turnaround on product sales and have limited space for storage. In contrast, supermarkets and the supermarket chains account for an estimated 80 percent of retail food sales and often have both local and U.S. purchasing offices. They work closely with U.S. suppliers to find the best prices for the products of interest. PriceSmart (U.S. company) is the only international chain in the Jamaican market; there are four major local chains which dominate the retail sector as shown in the table below:Table 2: Major Local Supermarket Chainsis destined for the hotel, restaurant, and institutional (HRI) sector. For more information on this sector, see the GAIN HRI food service sector report.Food Processing SectorJamaica’s food p rocessing sector is relatively under-developed and most of the ingredients used in the food industry are imported directly by the food processors, which have close relationships with suppliers from the United States. Some processors have vertically integrated their operations, producing the inputs to be processed while others source their inputs from local producers, directly from international suppliers, or from importer/distributors. In some cases, food processors have agreements with local producers that supply their inputs. In such cases, these agreements usually entail the provision of financial and technical assistance to the producers by the processors.Approximately 30 percent of the raw materials and food ingredients used by local food processors are obtained from local suppliers and 70 percent from imports. Imports of bulk and intermediate products from all sources totaled $340 million in 2017, and imports of those products from the United States were valued at $204 million. The main products imported by Jamaica include wheat, corn, soybean meal, soybean oil, and other vegetable oils.Food processors distribute their products primarily through the retailer and wholesaler who in turn supply small supermarkets and mom and pop stores known as “cor ner shops.” However, the larger food processors directly supply the HRI sector and supermarket chains. There are processors that supply supermarkets, corner shops, restaurants, and small hotels directly.SECTION V: AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD IMPORTSBased on data trends and discussions with key local importers/distributors, the U.S. products with good sales potential include: cheese, hatching eggs, steakhouse-quality beef, sauces, fruit and vegetable juices, processed vegetables, frozen French fries, and wine.Table 3: Consumer-Oriented Growth Products Prospect Categories(in millions of dollars)SECTION VI: KEY CONTACT AND FURTHER INFORMATION Office of Agricultural AffairsU.S. Embassy Kingston142 Old Hope RoadKingston 6Jamaica, W.I.Telephone: (876) 702 – 6142 | Fax: (876) 702 - 6397Email: *******************.govAdditional reports and information on Jamaica: Statistical Institute of Jamaica (Statin)Website: .jmJamaica Customs AgencyWebsite: .jmPlanning Institute of JamaicaWebsite: .jmMinistry of Industry, Commerce, Agriculture and Fisheries Website: .jmMinistry of HealthWebsite: .jm。
马普托港
马普托港是东非莫桑比克最大商港。
位于莫桑比克南部马普托湾内马普托紧靠马普托市，北至贝拉港460海里，至达累斯萨拉姆港1326海里，南至德班港271海里，至开普敦港1071海里；东至多德堡港海里，至路易港1424海里。
港口分杂货港区和散货专用码头区。
杂货码头东北－西南伸展，连成一片，码头线长3033米，水深6.8－10.6米，可允许12－15艘船同时停靠。
专用码头有煤、矿石、石油、散糖、木材集装箱等，矿石、集装箱码头前最大水深12.4米，煤、石油码头最大水深10.3米。
全港有各种泊位20多个，年吞吐超过1000万吨，是东非地区最大港口之一。
港区主要码头泊位有11个，岸线长3275米，最大水深为12.8米。
装卸设备有各种岸吊、可移式吊、集装箱吊、重吊、装船机、输送带及拖船等，其中岸吊最大起重能力为60吨，重吊达80吨，拖船的功率最大为2350kW。
港区有散杂货堆场容量达43万吨，集装箱可储存1300TEU，油罐容量为20万吨。
装卸效率：谷物每天2900吨，煤每天装5000吨，糖每天卸1万吨。
本港转口区始建于1980年。
1992年集装箱吞吐量达1.3万TEU，年货物吞吐量约2500万吨，其中约90%为中转货物。
主要出口货物为煤、铁、石棉、铬、锰、玉米、蔗糖、水果、剑麻及棉花等，进口货物为木材、化肥、燃料、机械及粮食等马普托—恩多拉议路线1、A4：2,052 公里，28 小时2、1号路线：2,286 公里，31 小时3、T1：2,311 公里，30 小时马普托—哈拉雷建议路线2、R37和A4：1,303 公里，17 小时 24 分钟3、1 号公路：1,497 公里，20 小时 7 分钟马普托----达累斯萨拉姆建议路线1、1 号公路：3,440 公里，44 小时3、T2和A 7：3,942 公里，51 小时马普托---马拉维建议路线1、1 号公路：1,989 公里，26 小时2、A4：2,102 公里，28 小时马普托---德班建议路线1、N2：584 公里，7 小时 58 分钟马普托---贝拉建议路线:1 号公路：1,216 公里，15 小时 29 分钟。
各国港口的英语说法
阿尔巴尼亚AL Albania阿尔及利亚DZ Algeria阿富汗AF Afghanistan阿根廷AR Argentina阿拉伯联合酋长国AZ Azerbaijan阿拉伯联合酋长国AE United Arab Emirates阿拉伯也门共和国阿拉斯加阿鲁巴AW Aruba阿鲁巴岛阿曼阿曼OM Oman阿塞拜疆共和国阿森松埃及EG Egypt埃塞俄比亚ET Ethiopia爱尔兰IE Ireland爱沙尼亚EE Estonia安道尔AD Andorra安哥拉AO Angola安圭拉AI Angola安提瓜和巴布达AG Ntigua and Barbuda奥地利AT Austria澳大利亚AU Australia巴巴多斯BB Barbados巴布亚新几内亚PG Papua,Territory of巴哈马BS Bahamas巴基斯坦PK Pakistan巴拉圭PY Paraguay巴勒斯坦巴林BH Bahrain巴拿马PA Panama巴西BR Brazil白俄罗斯共和BY White Russia白俄罗斯共和BY Byelorussian SSR百慕大BM Bermuda保加利亚BG Bulgaria北马里亚纳群岛贝宁BJ Benin比利时BE Belgium冰岛IS Iceland波多黎各（美）PR Puerto Rico波兰PL Poland波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那BA Bosnia Hercegovina玻利维亚BO Bolivia伯利兹BZ Belize博茨瓦纳BW Botswana不丹BT Bhutan不列颠岛(美) VI Vigin Islands(U.S.)不列颠岛(英) VG Virgin Islands(British)布基纳法索BF Burkina Faso布隆迪BI Burundi布维岛BV Bouvet Island朝鲜KP North Korea赤道几内亚GQ Equatorial Guinea大西洋东区(海事卫星)大西洋区(海事卫星)丹麦DK Denmark德国DE Grmany东帝TP East Timor东非共同体东萨摩亚多哥TG Togo多米尼加共和国DO Dominica多明哥DM Gominica俄罗斯联邦RU Russia厄瓜多尔EC Ecuador厄立特里亚法国FR France法属玻里尼西亚PF French Polynesia法属圭亚那GF French Guiana法属南方领土TF French Southern Territoties 梵蒂冈（罗马教庭）V A V atican菲律宾PH Philippines斐济FJ Fiji芬兰FI Finland佛得角CV Cape Verde,Republic of福克兰群岛FK Falkland Islands冈比亚GM Gambia刚果（布）CG Congo刚果（金）哥伦比亚CO Colombia哥斯达黎加CR Costa rica格林纳达GD Grenada格陵兰GL Greenland格鲁吉亚GE Georgia古巴CU Cuba瓜德罗普GP Guadeloupe关岛GU Guam圭亚那GY Guyana哈萨克斯坦KZ Kazakstan海地共和国HT Haiti韩国KR Korea豪兰和贝克群岛荷兰NL Netherlands荷属安的列斯洪都拉斯HN Honduras基里巴斯KI Kiribati吉布提DJ Djibouti吉尔吉斯共和国KG Kyrgyzstan 几内亚GN Guinea几内亚比绍GW Guinea-Bissau 加拿大CA Canada加那利群岛加纳GH Ghana加蓬GA Gabon贾维斯岛柬埔寨KH Cambodia捷克共和国CZ Czech Republic 津巴布韦ZW Zimbabwe喀麦隆CM Cameroon卡塔尔QA Qatar开曼群岛KY Cayman Islands科科斯岛科克群岛(新)科摩罗KM Comoros科特迪瓦科威特KW kuwait可可岛CC COCOS Islands克罗地亚HR Croatia肯尼亚KE Kenya库克群岛CK Cook Island拉托维亚LV Latvia莱索托LS Lesotho老挝LA Laos黎巴嫩LB Lebanon立陶宛共和国LT Lithuania利比里亚LR Liberia利比亚L Y Libya列支敦士登LI Liechtenstein留尼汪卢森堡LU Luxembourg卢旺达RW Rwanda罗马尼亚RO Romania马达加斯加MG Malagasy马尔代夫MV Maldives马尔他MT Malta马尔维纳斯群岛MW Malawi马耳他马耳他马来西亚MY Malaysia马里ML Mali马里亚纳群岛马其顿马绍尔群岛共和国MH Marshall Islands 马提尼克毛里求斯MU Mauritius毛里塔尼亚MR Mauritania美国US America美属萨摩亚UM美属维尔京群岛蒙古MN Mongolia蒙特塞拉特孟加拉BD Bangladesh秘鲁PE Peru密克罗尼西亚联邦FM Micronesia缅甸MM Burma摩尔多瓦MD Moldova,Republic of摩洛哥MA Morocco摩纳哥MC Monaco莫桑比克MZ Mozambique墨西哥MX Mexico纳米比亚NA Namibia南非ZA South Africa南极洲AQ Antarctica南斯拉夫YU Yugoslavia瑙鲁NR Naura尼泊尔NP Nepal尼加拉瓜NI Nicaragua尼日尔NE Niger尼日利亚NG Nigeria纽埃NU Niue挪威NO Norway诺福克岛帕劳PW Palau皮特开恩群岛PN Pitcairn Islands葡萄牙PT Portugal日本JP Japan瑞典SE Sweden瑞士CH Switzerland萨尔瓦多SV El Salvador萨摩亚塞拉利昂SL Sierra leone塞内加尔SN Senegal塞浦路斯CY Cyprus塞舌尔SC Seychelles沙特阿拉伯SA Saudi Arabia圣诞岛CX Christmas Island圣多美与普林西比ST Sao Tome and Principe 圣赫勒那SH St.Helena圣基茨和尼维斯圣卢西亚LC St. Lucia圣马力诺SM San Marino圣文森特和格林纳丁斯斯里兰卡LK Sri Lanka斯洛伐克SK Slovakia斯洛文尼亚SI Slovene斯威士兰SZ Swaziland苏丹SD Sudan苏里南SR Surinam苏联(前) SU USSR(formerly)所罗门群岛SB Solomon Islands索马里SO Somali塔吉克斯坦TJ Tsjikistan塔吉克斯坦太平洋地区(海事卫星)泰国TH Thailand坦桑尼亚TZ Tanzania汤加TO Tonga特克斯和凯科斯群岛特立尼达和多巴哥TT Trinidad and Tobago 突尼斯TN Tunisia图瓦卢TV Tuvalu土尔其TR Turkey土库曼斯坦TM Turkomanstan托克劳TK Tokela瓦利斯和富图纳群岛瓦努阿图危地马拉GT Guatemala威克岛维尔京群岛(美)维尔京群岛(英)委内瑞拉VE Venezuela文莱BN Brunei Darussalam乌干达UG Uganda乌克兰UA Ukiain乌拉圭UY uruguay乌兹别克斯坦UZ Uzbekstan西班牙ES Spain西撒哈拉EH West Sahara西萨摩亚WS Western Samoa希腊GR Greece锡金夏威夷象牙海岸CI Lvory Coast新加坡SG Singapore新喀里多尼亚NC New Caledonia新西兰NZ New Zealand匈牙利HU Hungary叙利亚SY Syria牙买加JM Jamaica亚美尼亚共和国AM Armenia也门YE Yemen伊拉克IQ Iraq伊朗IR Iran以色列IL Israel意大利IT Italy印度IN India印度尼西亚ID Indonesia印度洋地区(海事卫星)英国GB United Kingdom英国（正式代码为GB）UK England英联邦的印度洋领域IO British Indian Ocean Territory 英属维尔京群岛约旦JO Jordan约翰斯顿岛越南VN Vietnam赞比亚ZM Zambia扎伊尔ZR Zaire乍得TD Chad直布罗陀GI Gibraltar智利CL Chile中非共和国CF The Central African Republic中国CN China中国澳门MO Macao中国台湾TW Taiwan中国香港HK Hong Kong==================================================================== merica:纽约New York 洛杉矶Los Angeles 芝加哥Chicago休斯敦Houston 费城Philadelphia 菲尼斯Phoneix圣迭戈San Diego 达拉斯Dallas 圣安东尼奥San Antonio底特律Detroit 圣约瑟San Jose 印第安纳波利斯Indianapolis旧金山San Francisco 哥伦布Columbus 奥斯汀Austin巴尔的摩Baltimore 波士顿Boston 华盛顿Washington D.C帕索Paso 西雅图Seattle 丹佛Denver 夏洛特Charlotte沃斯堡Fort Worth 波特兰Portland 新奥尔良New Orleans拉斯维加斯Las Vegas 克利夫兰Cleveland 奥克兰Oakland亚伯科基Albuquerque 堪萨斯城Kansas 弗吉尼亚Virginia亚特兰大Argentina 萨加门多Sacramento 奥马哈Omaha米尼亚波尼斯Minneapolis 檀香山Honolulu 惠科塔Wichita科罗拉多斯普林斯Colorado Springs 圣路易斯St. Louis匹兹堡Pittsburgh圣塔安那Santa Ana 阿灵顿Arlington 辛辛那提CincinnatiEurope:英国England：伦敦London 多佛Dover 剑桥Cambridge南安普敦Southampton 利物浦Liverpool法国France：巴黎Paris 里昂Lyon 马赛Marseille 尼斯Nice图卢兹Toulouse 戛纳Cannes 波尔多Bordeaux德国German：柏林Berlin 慕尼黑Munich 汉堡Hamburg汉诺威Hanover 法兰克福Frankfurt瑞士Switzerland：伯尔尼Bern 苏黎世Zurich 日内瓦Geneva比利时Belgium：布鲁塞尔Brussels 阿尔斯特Aalst 哈塞尔特Hasselt保加利亚Bulgaria：索非亚Sofia波兰Poland：华沙Warsaw捷克斯洛伐克Czech Republic:布拉格Prague 布拉迪斯拉发Bratislava瑞典Sweden：斯德哥尔摩Stockholm 兰德Lund 哥德堡Gothenburg挪威Norway：奥斯陆Oslo 卑尔根Bergen芬兰Finland：赫尔辛基Helsinki丹麦Denmark：哥本哈根Copenhagen 奥尔堡Aalborg荷兰Netherlands：阿姆斯特丹Amsterdam 鹿特丹Rotterdam意大利Italy：罗马Rome 米兰Milan 拿波里Naples 都灵Turin威尼斯Venice 佛洛伦萨Florence西班牙Spain：马德里Madrid 巴塞罗那Barcelona 瓦伦西亚Valencia葡萄牙Portugal：里斯本Lisbon 波尔图Porto希腊Greece：雅典AthensAustralia:悉尼Sydney 墨尔本Melbourne 堪培拉Canberra 布里斯班Brisbane--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Asia（亚洲）China（中国）Port of Lianyungang（连云港港）Port of NingBo（宁波港）Port of ShangHai（上海港）Port of QingDao(青岛港）Port of Dalian（大连港）Port of Hong Kong （香港）Hong Kong Shipping Directory（香港航运目录）Port of kaohsiung（高雄港）Port of Hualien（花莲港）Port of Keelung（基隆港）Port of Taichung（台中港）Ports of Mainland （大陆港口--香港制）South Korea（韩国）Port of Busan(釜山港）Port of Inchon(仁川港）Port of Mokpo (木浦港）United Arab Emirates（阿联酋）Port of Dubai（迪拜港）Philippines （菲律宾）Manila（马尼拉港）India（印度）Port of Calcutta（加尔各答港）Port of Jawaharlal （贾瓦哈拉港）Port of Mumbai（孟买港）Indonesia（印度尼西亚）Port of Tanjung Priok （丹绒布绿港）Israel（以色列）Israel Ports and Railways Authority（以色列港口及铁路管理当局）Japan（日本）Port of Kobe（神户港）Port of Nagoya（名古屋港）The Port of Yokohama（横滨港）Port of Kawasaki（川崎港）Port of Hiroshima（广岛港）Port of Kisarazu （梗津港）Port of Kitakyushu（北九州港）Port of Sakata（酒田港）Port of Chiba（千叶港）Kuwait（科威特）Kuwait Ports Public Authority（科威特港口管理局）Malaysia（马来西亚）Bintulu Port Authority（民都鲁港口管理局）Johore Port Authority（柔佛港口管理局）Kuantan Port Authority（昆坦港口管理局）Kuching Port Authority（古晋港口管理局）Malacca Port Authority（马六甲港口管理局）Pakistan（巴基斯坦）Port of Karachi（卡拉奇港）Singapoore（新加坡）Port of Singapore Authority（新加坡港口管理局）Europe（欧洲）Belgium（比利时）Port of Antwerp（安特卫普港）Port of Ghent（根特港）Port of Zeebrugge（泽不腊赫港）Croatia（克罗地亚）Ports of Croatia（克罗地亚港口）Denmark （丹麦）Port of Aalborg（奥尔堡港）Port of Aarhus（奥尔胡斯港）Port of Aabenraa（奥本罗港Finland（芬兰）Finnish Ports（芬兰港口）Port of Helsinki（赫尔辛基港）Port of Kemi （盖密港）Port of Kokkola（科科拉港）Port of Kotka（科特卡港）Port of Oulu（奥鲁港）Port of Pori（波里港）Port of Pietsarsaari（彼太萨立港）Port of Raahe（腊黑港）Port of Tornio （托尔尼奥港）Port of Hamina（哈米纳港）France（法国）Port of Bordeaux（波尔多港）Port of Brest（布勒斯特港）Port of Le Havre（勒阿弗尔港）Germany（德国）Port of Hamburg （汉堡港）Gibraltar（直布罗陀）Port of Gibraltar（直布罗陀港）Greece（希腊）Port of Thessaloniki（塞色勒狄克港）Iceland（冰岛）Port of Reykjavik（雷克亚未克港）Italy（意大利）Port of Geneva（热那亚港）Port of La Spezia（斯培西亚港）Port of Napoli（那不勒斯港）Port of Ravenna（拉文纳港）Port of Salerno（萨累诺港）Port of Savona（萨沃纳港）Venice Port Authority（威尼斯港口管理局）Port of Augusta（奥古斯塔港）Latvia（拉脱维亚）Ports of Latvia（拉脱维亚港口）Lituania Port of Klaipeda（克来彼达港）Netherlands （荷兰）Port of Rotterdam（鹿特丹港）Norway（挪威）Port of Oslo（奥斯陆港）Port of Sola（苏拉港）Poland（波兰）Port of Gdansk（格但斯克港）Port of Swinoujscie（斯文诺斯切港）Portugal（葡萄牙）Port of Setúbal（锡土巴尔港）Port of Sines（锡尼什港）Romania （罗马尼亚）Port of Constantza（康斯坦萨港）Rusia（俄罗斯）Port of Novorossiysk（诺沃罗西斯克港）Saint Petersburg Port Authority（圣彼得堡港）Port of Ust-Luga（乌斯特-鲁戈港）Port of Vladivostok（符拉迪敖斯托克港，即海参威港）Spain（西班牙）Port of Barcelona（巴塞罗那港）Port of Cartagena（卡塔赫纳港）Port of Santander（桑坦德港）Port of Bilbao (Uniportbilbao)（毕尔巴鄂港）Port of La Coru?a（拉.科鲁纳港）Port of Tarragona （塔腊戈纳港）Port of Vilagarcia de Arosa（维利亚加西亚.德.阿罗萨港）Port of Cadiz（卡的斯港）Port of Las Palmas（拉斯柏尔马斯港）Port of Valencia（巴伦西亚港）Port of Malaga （马拉加港）Ports of Almeria and Motril（阿尔梅里亚港）Port of Ceuta（休达港）Sweden （瑞典）Swedish Ports（瑞典港口）Port of Falkenberg（法尔肯贝里港）Port of Goteborg （哥德堡港）Port of Halmstad（哈尔姆斯塔德港）Port of Harnsosand（赫纳散德港）Port of Helsingborg（赫尔辛堡港）Port of Malmoe（马尔默港）Port of Norrkopings（诺尔彻平港）Port of Sodertalje（塞德特里耶港）Port de Wallhamn（瓦尔汉姆港）United Kingdom （英国）Associated British Ports（英吉利港口）Ayr and Troon（埃尔和特隆港）Barrow （巴罗港）Barry（巴里港）Cardiff（加的夫港）Colchester（科尔切斯特港）Fleetwood （弗利特伍德港）Garston（加斯顿港）Goole（古耳港）Grimsby（格里姆斯比港）Hull （赫尔港）Immingham（伊明翰港）King′s Lynn（金斯林港）Lowestoft（洛斯托夫特港）Newport（纽波特港）Port of London Authority（伦敦港口管理局）Plymouth（普列茅斯港）Silloth（锡洛斯港）Southampton（南安普顿港）Swansea（斯温西港）Talbot （泰。
风电物流进行时 学术资料-物流管理动态
风电物流进行时当我们看见风景如画的荷兰风车的时候,一片和谐。
但是如今全球各地现代化的风车正在爆炸式增长,当然主要目的是为了清洁发电。
这些风车高度可以达到400英尺,正在一个个竖立起来,在田间在岸边成为新世纪一道亮丽的风景线。
开发利用绿色能源,不仅是全球解决能源危机的出路,也是实现可持续发展的选择。
利用风力发电在上世纪初就已经开始。
上世纪30年代,丹麦、瑞典、美国等技术,成功地研制了一些小型风力发电装置。
这种小型风力发电机,广泛在多风的海岛和偏僻的乡村使用,它所获得的电力成本比小型内燃机的发电成本低得多。
随着世界上最大的发电风车。
该风车高150米,每个桨叶长40米,重18吨,用玻璃钢制成。
如今的时代。
一个典型的风力发电厂将采购许多部件包括变速箱、轴承、发电机、叶片等采购来源地可能多达30多个地方。
再加上考虑到运输如此规模和复杂的产品,如何有序安排就是其中供应链是否顺利运作的关键所在。
大约7年前,美国休斯顿港口局就开始提供有关风力涡轮机的各种零部件,将这些产品直接装上轨道车运输。
自从那时起,它就运输了数以千计的风力涡轮机部件,从休斯顿纷纷发往全美各地。
2008年,风力发电出现了井喷,由于美国实施了对于替代能源税收优惠政策,并且到2008年年底到期,因此当年大家蜂拥而上。
比如IJS全球公司(3PL)也把此作为自己的战略目标服务提供商,该公司很早之前就将风力涡轮机以及叶片装配进入40尺海运集装箱内。
该公司的专长之一就是承运风电设备。
但是如今随着技术的发展,新叶片更长了,现在无法装入40英尺长的集装箱内。
解决方案是也装入叶片,但箱门不关闭。
这些集装箱放置在远洋轮的后部。
当然这也是应急方式。
整个行业所面临的物流挑战可不是那么简单。
如今复杂多变的环境要求组建专门的项目小组,专门负责处理这样超大超重的物品。
为了加快运输速度,发货人有时候采取了包船的方式。
这样3PL所发挥的作用就更加重要。
从一开始,类似IJS这样的公司就要事先做好一切准备工作,包括选址调查、路线选择、路侧规划等等。
莫桑比克的港口
莫桑比克的港口1.远东--东南亚航线该航线是中，朝，船去东南亚各港，以及经马六甲海峡去印度大西洋沿岸各港的主要航线。
东海，海峡，巴士海峡，南海是该航线船只的必经之路，航线繁忙。
2.西北欧--北美东海岸航线该航线是西欧，北美两个世界工业最发达地区之间的原燃料和产品交换的运输线，两岸拥有世界杯赛/5的重要港口，运输极为繁忙，船舶大多走偏北大圆航线。
该航区冬季风浪大，并有浓雾，冰山，对航行安全有胁。
西北欧北美东海岸--地中海苏伊士运河--亚太航线3.西北欧，北美东害--地中海--苏伊士航线属世界最繁忙的航段，它是北美，西北欧与亚太海湾地区间贸易往来的捷径。
该航线一般途经亚速尔，马德拉群岛上的航站。
4.波斯湾--苏伊士运河--地中海--西欧，北美运输线该航线目前可通行载重大成30万吨级的超级油轮。
除了以上三条油运线之外印度洋其他航线还有：远东--东南亚--东非航线；远东--东南亚，地中海--西北欧航线；远东--东南亚--好望角--西非，南美航线；澳新--地中海--西北欧航线；印度洋北部地区--欧洲航线。
补充：世界上著名的港口城市都有哪些 [亚洲著名港口]：日本横滨港位于本州中部东京湾西岸，是日本最大海港日本神户港位于本州岛西南部，大阪湾北岸。
日本最大的集装箱运载基地日本千叶港位于本州东南部，是日本最大工业港口日本名古屋港位于本州岛中部，是日本第三大贸易港新加坡港俄罗斯符拉迪沃斯托克港是亚洲太平洋沿岸著名港口。
印度孟买港巴基斯坦卡拉奇港也门亚丁港是也门最大港口城市斯里兰卡科伦坡港土耳其伊斯坦布尔港是土耳其最大港口城市 [美洲著名港口]：美国洛杉矶港是美国西海岸最大商港，由毗邻的洛杉矶港和长滩港组成。
美国旧金山港是美国太平洋沿岸仅次于洛杉矶的第二大港。
加拿大温哥华港是加拿大第三大城市，也是最大海港。
美国纽约港美国休斯敦港巴西里约热内卢港阿根廷布宜诺斯艾利斯港阿根廷首都，全国最大城市和最大的国际贸易港。
[欧洲著名海港]：法国马赛港位于法国南部，地中海北岸罗讷河出口处，是法国第二大城市和最大港口，是仅次于鹿特丹的欧洲第二大港。