研究生公共英语水平考试自测模拟题集
考研英语模拟试题及答案
考研英语模拟试题及答案一、阅读理解（共20分，每题4分）1. 根据文章内容，以下哪项是作者的主要观点？A. 教育是个人成长的关键。
B. 技术发展对教育的影响是负面的。
C. 教育应该注重培养学生的创新能力。
D. 教育应该与社会需求相匹配。
答案：C2. 文章中提到的“知识爆炸”指的是什么？A. 知识更新的速度非常快。
B. 人们获取知识的途径增多。
C. 知识在社会中的地位越来越重要。
D. 知识的数量在不断增加。
答案：A3. 作者认为解决教育问题的关键是什么？A. 增加教育投入。
B. 改革教育体制。
C. 加强师资队伍建设。
D. 培养学生的自主学习能力。
答案：B4. 文章最后一段提到了哪些教育改革的措施？A. 引入新技术。
B. 更新课程内容。
C. 增加实践环节。
D. 以上都是。
答案：D5. 根据文章内容，以下哪项不是作者提到的教育问题？A. 教育资源分配不均。
B. 教育内容与社会需求脱节。
C. 缺乏创新教育。
D. 教师待遇过低。
答案：D二、完形填空（共20分，每题2分）阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The world is full of wonders, but sometimes the most amazing things are the ones we don't even notice. Take the human brain, for instance. It's a complex organ that controls our thoughts, emotions, and actions. It's also the part of our body that allows us to learn, grow, and adapt to our surroundings.6. The author starts the passage by ________.A. asking a questionB. giving an exampleC. making a comparisonD. stating a fact答案：D7. The human brain is described as ________.A. a simple organB. a mysterious organC. a complex organD. an essential organ答案：C8. The brain allows us to ________.A. sleep and eatB. think and feelC. breathe and moveD. all of the above答案：B9. The purpose of the passage is to ________.A. describe the brain's structureB. explain the brain's functionsC. discuss the brain's importanceD. argue for brain research答案：B10. According to the passage, the brain is essential for ________.A. survivalB. communicationC. learningD. all of the above答案：D三、翻译（共30分，英译汉15分，汉译英15分）英译汉：11. The rapid development of technology has brought about significant changes in our daily lives.答案：技术的快速发展已经给我们的日常生活带来了显著的变化。
研究生英语模拟题(附答案)
研究生英语模拟题(附答案)Part I Vocabulary(20 points)Section A:Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are our choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet witha single line through the center.1. Furthermore, we did not want to join the legions who conquered their guilt en route to new depths of _______ rottennessA. retrospectiveB. narcissisticC. subjectiveD. prescriptive2. What they were hearing, as it turned out, were the ______ left over from the first explosion, the hissing echoes ofcreation.A. reverberationsB. proprietyC. repercussiveD. imminentness3. When Title 13 of the U.S. Code forbade publication of an individual’s records, a complex series of steps gradually increased ________ protections.A. assuranceB. diffidenceC. confidenceD. confidentiality4. Others came with skills and ________. Many were born in the US to immigrant parents.A. imaginationB. effluenceC. affluenceD. medication5. James Dean, in “Rebel Without a Cause,”is certainly larger than life, but the teenage angst that he ______ the confusion almost all adolescents feel in the journey from childhood to adulthood.A. articulatesB. displacesC. disposesD. discharges6. As we speak of the growing maturity of Su Tung-po’s prose, we say that he has “gradually approached naturalness”-a style that has shed off its youthful love of pomposity, pedantry, _______ and literary show man-ship..A. paymentB. disposalC. fluencyD. virtuosity7. Some found the name “colonial and offensive.”Liew responded, “British-India is about the beauty and ______ of that era.A. enthusiasmB. romanceC. passionD. compassion8. My concerns are not on religious grounds or on the basis of a perceived _______ ethical principle.A. intrinsicB. extrinsicC. extraneousD. irrelevant9. Therefore, the freest possible flow of information, ideas, and opinions, and a greater respect for ______ political and religious convictions will actually breed strength and stability going forward..A. convergentB. acquittalC. divergentD. sanctimonious10. From a business perspective, working under government contracts can be a very ______ proposition.A. concentrativeB. pathogenicC. lucrativeD. dimensional11. This step is of great significance when viewed in the _____of the progress of the experiment.A. prospectiveB. respectiveC. perspectiveD. prescriptive12. When a hurricane is _____, the National WeatherBureau issues a warning.A. immaculateB. impertinentC. immenseD. imminent13. Despite the rescuers’strenuous efforts, hopes of finding the missing climbers are now beginning to _____.A. decreaseB. fadeC. looseD. faint14. Negotiations between the employers and the workers broke down because both sides were too _____.A. ingeniousB. indispensableC. incredibleD. incompatible15. The group of spectators was _____by the police who were at the scene of the accident.A. dispersedB. displacedC. disposedD. discharged16. Before the gases are discharged into the atmosphere they must be _____harmless.A. renderedB. disposedC. handledD. converted17. He _____after the car accident, although at first he wasn’t expected to live.A. pilled upB. pulled offC. pulled overD. pulled through18. But very few fear the slow catastrophe that is _____upon the world through environmental pollution.A. creepingB. crawlingC. mountingD. ascending19. In spite of the destruction caused by the earthquake, the people tried to _____their own businessas if nothing had happened.A. go overB. go aboutC. go withD. go through20. We are prepared to make some concessions on minor details, but we can not _____on fundamentals.A. concentrateB. complementC. compensateD. compromiseSection B: SubstitutionDirections: In this part, you are to choose one word from the words marked A, B, C and D to substitute the one underlined in the sentence in order to keep the meaning closest to the original one. Mark your choice on the answer sheet with a single line through the center.21. In that sense guilt is the great civilizer, the internal commandment that helps us choose to be kind to each other ratherthan to join in a stampede of me-firsts.A. impulsiveB. crashC. flightD. shatter22. A religious enthusiasm for the apparent convergence of science and theology in the big bang cosmology is understandable.A. configurationB. syzygyC. syllableD. connection23. Thus, surveillance of citizens in the name of national security undermines the very society it was intended to protect.A. observationB. judgmentC. constitutionD. institution24. An alarming number are pushing themselves to the emotional brink in their quest for excellence. Many also detect signsof resentment among non-Asians, an u pdated “yellowperil.A. accidenceB. SuppositionC. correspondenceD. indignation25. In this case, I said there were aspects of her story that reminded me of “One True Thing,”a picture about a mother andher estranged daughter who are reconciled as the mother is dying of cancer..A. reestablishedB. harmonizedC. circulatedD. distributed26. All forms of pose, sham, learned nonsense, academic stupidity and social humbug are politely but effectively shown thedoor..A. excavationB. reverenceC. deceptionD. spoil27. Despite her high-powered contacts, she can often be found in Bangkok’s bustling Chanukah market.A. meddlesomeB. busyC. sedulousD. assiduous28. In making a copy of oneself or some famous person,a parent is deliberately specifying the way he or she wishes thatchild to develop.A. memorizingB. providingC. combiningD. designating29. Against great odds in the 20th century China has not only survived, it is moving forward dramatically.A. likelihoodB. disadvantageC. inconvenienceD. convenience30. They are still to be held responsible for any errors that their products cause, on matter the magnitude.A. significanceB. directionC. diagramD. prediction31. He remembered how one day Sullivan entered, placed a piece of paper on the desk.A. retardedB. recalledC. revealedD. observed32. The scientist always checks statements and makes experiments carefully and objectively to verify them.A. confirmB. conformC. articulateD. discrete33. Early in sixteenth century, Copernicus suggested that the earth revolved around the sun.A. proposedB. believedC. explainedD. implied34. It happened that a camera crew was on board the plane when a UFO appeared.A. AccidentallyB. SupposedlyC. CorrespondinglyD. Fortunately35. A major breakthrough came in 1971 when microprocessors came into being.A. was developedB. appearedC. got circulatedD. became real36. A passing tanker saved them five days later.A. recoveredB. reverencedC. rescuedD. spoiled37. Beware of pickpockets in public places.A. Take care ofB. look ofC. Watch out forD. Take notice of38. We will assemble statistics.A. memorizeB. provideC. combineD. gather39. Would you please distribute these invitations to the students in your class?A. hand inB. hand outC. hand overD. hand back40. Large passenger planes often carry weather instruments with which to forecast storms.A. impedeB. directC. diagramD. predictPart II Filling in the Blanks (20 points)Directions: In this section, there is a passage with I0 blanks. You are required to select one word For each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage throughcarefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 41 to 50 are based on the following passage. There is an alarming 41e that our American economy is direction of what some people call a two-tier society--a large population middle-class or higher incomes and values, with a a42 increase at the top, and a large number of people who have been economically and culturally uncouple from the main society.A great many 43k myself included, feel uneasy about the fact that 70 percent of the economy does what is called service work and only 30 percent does what is called goods-related work New 44 n keeps entering the economy and bringing employment into disorder. When you look back at how the American economy developed; you see a 45h off the farm into the factory and out of the factory into the office. The main push has come from technology. There has been 46 b little new machinery to push people out of the office, butthat's changing now. If the computer creates jobs in the office, the service sector will increase and there will be no squeezing of employment. But if technology press service people out of work, I don't know where they are going to go.Personally, I think American 47 i is in for a very severe challenge. We have always considered ourselves virtually to have a right to be number one in the world. But of course we don't have any such right or 48l . And we have to be patiently prepared for unsettling fact that we are number two, or three, or four in many ways. In terms of health, for instance we have fallen 49c behind, and that's a big blow to our self-image.In the next 20 years the government will have to take active steps in providing work and income for the bottom one third of the population. The government 50g provides some sort of income, but it doesn't provide work. And work is essential for people's self-respect and also for the building of many kinds of basic frame works that are needed in the country.A) considerable I) optimismB) relatively J) immigrationC) variously K) economistD) provided L) assuranceE) possibility M) insuranceF) complete N) technologyG) unwillingly O) eventuallyH) migrationQuestions 51 to 60 are based on the following passage. The status of women in 51m North America has been well studied and described and can be briefly 52d. Throughout the colonial period there was a marked shortage of women, which varied with the regions and was always greatest in the frontierareas. This favorable ratio 53g women’s status and position and allowed them to pursue different careers. The puritans, the religious sect （教派）that 54l the early British colonies in North America, regarded 55l as a sin, and believed that life in an underdeveloped country made it absolutely necessary that each member of the community perform an 56h function. Thus work for women, married or single, was not only approved, it was regarded as a civic duty. Puritan town councils expected widows and unattached women to beself-supporting and for a long time provided needy spinsters with parcels of land. There was no social 57i against married women working. On the contrary, wives were expected to help their husbands in their trade and won social 58e for doing extra work in or out of home. Needy children, girls as well as boys, were indentured or apprenticed and were expected to work for their keep.The vast majority of women worked within theirs homes, where their labor produced most articles needed for the family. The entire colonial production of cloth and clothing and partially that of shoes was in the hands of women. In addition to these 59j, women were found in many 60k kinds of employment. They were butchers, silversmiths, gunsmiths, upholsterers. They ran mills, plantations, tankards, shipyards, and every kind of shop, tavern, and boardinghouse. They were gatekeepers, jail keepers, sextons, journalists, printers, apothecaries, midwives, nurses, and teachers.A. extract F. laziness K. differentB. idleness G. enhanced L. dominatedC. digest H. economic M. colonialD. summarized I. sanction N. controlE. approval J. occupations O. professionalsPart III Reading Comprehension(30 points)Section ADirections: There are 3 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage: Will Rogers (1879–1935) achieved success over a long and varied career with his humorous and incisive commentary on the foibles of American life. Calling himself a cowboy philosopher, he reached a wide following with his stage act, lectures, newspaper and magazine articles, films, radio broadcasts, and books. The youngest of eight children of a comfortable Oklahoma family, he was born on his parents' ranch in 1879. He was not a very dedicated student and never actually graduated from high school; he ran away from the military school where his father sent him to helphim settle down to a responsible life in Oklahoma. Wanting to see the world, he took on a number of jobs that allowed him to travel. He worked as a trick rider in Texas Jack's Wild West Show in South Africa and later toured around Australia and New Zealand with a circus; he then toured the United States as part of a Wild West show and eventually began working in vaudeville shows in New York City as a trick roper. He experienced his first success as a performer when he began telling jokes during his rope act. He worked as a vaudeville performer, interspersing humor with his rope act, for more than a decade.In 1916, Rogers was hired by the Ziegfeld Follies and quickly became a star of the show. He had discovered that newspaper stories provided great material on which to base his humorous commentary; using newspaper stories as his source material, he was able to come up with comic material for three shows daily with the Follies. By 1919, he had gathered enough successful jokes to create two collections of his humor, The Cowboy Philosopher on the Peace Conference and The Cowboy Philosopher on Prohibition After a briefattempt at a movie career in California in 1918, he returned to New York, where he immediately found a different forum for his humorous commentary as an after-dinner speaker. His success as a speaker caught the attention of the McNaught Newspaper Syndicate, and in 1922 he was asked to write a weekly column for the syndicate, a position he maintained for the rest of his life. In 1924, he created a collection of his favorite columns for publication in the book The Illiterate Digest. In 1926, his career expanded even more. In that year, he was sent to Europe to write a series of articles for the Saturday Evening Post;these articles were then compiled into the volume Letters of a Self-Made Diplomat to the President (1926). He was also hired in 1926 to send a daily telegram for inclusion in the New York Times, an assignment that he maintained for the rest of his life. Additionally, in 1926 he made his first radio broadcast, which eventually became a popular series of weekly broadcasts. Rogers' popularity increased dramatically during this period, and he was soon sought after by the film industry for a second attempt at moviemaking. Hebegan a new career in sound films with They Had to See Paris (1929) and continued to make films throughout this period, the best known of which were A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court (1931) and Steamboat 'Round the Bend (1935).Throughout his varied career, Rogers always managed to reflect the essence of life in America, and the public responded enthusiastically to him. Though his criticisms of the country's current foibles could be pointed, overall Rogers reflected a genuine optimism about the future of the country and its citizens, resulting in the immense popularity that he experienced throughout his career.61. It is mentioned in paragraph 1 that Will Rogers was known for all of the following EXCEPT for his work_________________.A) as a rancher B) as a speaker C) as a writer D) as an actor62. According to paragraph 2, when Will Rogers was born, his family was __________.A) friendly B) well-off C) urban D)casual63. According to paragraph 2, it is NOT true that WillRogers____________.A) was a good studentB) failed to graduate from high schoolC) attended a military schoolD) left a military school without explanation64. It is NOT mentioned in paragraph 2 that Will Rogers_____________.A) took part in a Western show in South AfricaB) traveled with a circus in AustraliaC) was a circus performer in the United StatesD) worked as a trick roper in New York65. It is indicated in paragraph 2 that Will Rogers first became successful when he_______.A) began telling jokes during his nightclub actB )introduced humor into his vaudeville actC) incorporated new and exciting tricks into his rope actD introduced a Wild West act into the circus Questions 66 to 70 are based on the following passage: Over millions of years, the world's climate has undergone a series of dramatic changes that have most likely resulted from oscillations, or pendulum-likeswings, in the rotation of the Earth. One such dramatic climate change was what is commonly called the Ice Age and was in reality a series of phases of colder and warmer weather that commenced approximately two million years ago. What we today refer to as the Ice Age was in reality a series of weaker and stronger glacial periods during which sheets of ice expanded and moved varying distances south followed by interglacial periods when the glaciers melted to varying degrees and retreated to the north. These successive periods of colder and warmer weather have had striking effects on the world's landscape and on the life forms that inhabit the land. Each glacial period in the series of colder and warmer phases had a different impact, depending on how far south the ice extended, how long it lasted before melting, and how much it changed the landscape and sea levels.The effect on the world's landscape that resulted from the changing climate was dramatic. Vast sheets of glacial ice in the northern latitudes of the world cut deep u-shaped valleys that still exist today and caused huge boulders and enormous amounts of clay and dustto be deposited across North America, Europe, and Asia and to reshape the landscape of these areas. As the glacial sheets of ice crept southward on the northern continents, they trapped large amounts of water. Thisserved to reduce the amount of moisture in the atmosphere that could fall as rain or snow, reducing the amount of rainfall and leading to further aridity and the expansion of deserts in the tropical and subtropical regions. In addition, with so much water held in the glacial ice, the sea level fell, resulting in the exposure of land that today is covered with water. During glacial periods there was a land bridge from France to England, the islands of Japan and Java were connected to the Asian mainland, and Asia was linked to North America over what is today the Bering Strait. Then, during interglacial periods, when the glacial ice retreated to the north, more water became available as glaciers melted. Vegetation expanded with the increase in rainfall, and coastlines changed with the increase in ocean water; during interglacial periods, many areas that today are landmasses were covered with water. Prehistoric people seem to have adapted well to theseenvironmental changes. They moved from place to place in response to climatic changes. They could be found living in the grasslands of Asia, in the forests of southeast Asia, and in the temperate areas of southern Europe, and they moved into and out of the more northerly regions as the glacial regions retreated and advanced. Their diet changed to adapt to the changes in plant and animal life during succeeding glacial and interglacial periods, and the use of stone tools, the building of shelters, and the use of clothing came about during this period. It was these sorts of adaptations that enabled humans to survive and progress while many other species failed to survive and thrive during this period in the way that prehistoric people did.66. What is stated about the Ice Age in paragraph 1?A) It caused the rotation of the Earth to swing.B) It was a period of sustained intensely cold weather.C) It came about as a result of variation in the Earth's rotation.D) It lasted for two million years.67. Which of the sentences below expresses theessential information in the highlighted sentence in paragraph 1?A) During the Ice Age, there were periods when the glaciers moved forcefully and other periods when the movement ofglaciers was weaker.B) During glacial periods, the glaciers moved to colder areas in the north, while during interglacial periods, glaciersmoved toward the south.C) During the Ice Age, glaciers tended to freeze north of the equator and melt south of the equator.D) The Ice Age really consisted of colder glacial periods and warmer interglacial periods.68 The word striking in paragraph 1 could best be replaced by __________.A) remarkable B) violent C) attractive D) dangerous69. The word it in paragraph 1 refers to ____________.A) a different impact B) the ice C) melting D) the landscape70. All of the following are mentioned in paragraph 1 as affecting the impact of a glacial periodEXCEPT__________.A) the amount of area that was covered with iceB) the length of time that a glacier lastedC) the effect that a glacier had on the geography of the landD) the effect that a glacier had on the chemistry of the waterQuestions 71 to 75 are based on the following passage: A few common misconceptions. Beauty is only skin-deep. One's physical assets and liabilities don't count all that much in a managerial career. A woman should always try to look her best.Over the last 30 years, social scientists have conducted more than 1,000 studies of how we react to beautiful and not-so-beautiful people. The virtually unanimous conclusion: Looks do matter, more than most of us realize. The data suggest, for example, that physically attractive individuals are more likely to be treated well by their parents, sought out as friends, and pursued romantically. With the possible exception of women seeking managerial jobs, they are also more likely to be hired, paid well, and promoted.Un-American, you say, unfair and extremely unbelievable? Once again, the scientists have caught us mouthing pieties (虔诚) while acting just the contrary. Their typical experiment works something like this. They give each member of agroup-college students, perhaps, or teachers or corporate personnel mangers-a piece of paper relating an individual's accomplishments. Attached to the paper is a photograph. While the papers all say exactly the same thing the pictures are different. Some show a strikingly attractive person, some an average-looking character, and some an unusually unattractive human being. Group members are asked to rate the individual on certain attributes, anything from personal warmth to the likelihood that he or she will be promoted. Almost invariably, the better looking the person in the picture, the higher the person is rated. In the phrase, borrowed from Siphon, that the social scientists use to sum up the common perception, what is beautiful is good.In business, however, good looks cut both ways for women, and deeper than for men. A Utah StateUniversity professor, who is an authority on the subject, explains: In terms of their careers, the impact of physical attractiveness on males is only modest. But its potential impact on females can be tremendous, making it easier, for example, for the more attractive to get jobs where they are in the public eye. On another note, though, there is enough literature now for us to conclude that attractive women who aspire(追求) to managerial positions do not get on as well as women who may be less attractive.71. According to the passage, people often wrongly believe that in pursuing a career as a manager .A. a person's property or debts do not matter muchB. a person's outward appearance is not a critical qualificationC. women should always dress fashionablyD. women should not only be attractive but also high-minded72. The result of research carried out by social scientists show that ____.A. people do not realize the importance of looking one's bestB. women in pursuit of managerial jobs are not likely to be paid wellC. good-looking women aspire to managerial positionsD. attractive people generally have an advantage over those who are not73. Experiments by scientists have shown that when people evaluate individuals on certain attributes .A. they observe the principle that beauty is only skin-deepB. they do not usually act according to the views they supportC. they give ordinary-looking persons the lowest ratingsD. they tend to base their judgment on the individual's accomplishments74. "Good looks cut both ways for women" (Line 1, Para. 5) means that_______.A. attractive women have tremendous potential impact on public jobsB. good-looking women always get the best of everythingC. being attractive is not always an advantage forwomenD. attractive women do not do as well as unattractive women in managerial positions75. It can be inferred from the passage that in the business world ______.A. handsome men are not affected as much by their looks as attractive women areB. physically attractive women who are in the public eye usually do quite wellC. physically attractive men and women who are in the public eye usually get along quite wellD. good looks are important for women as they are for menSection BDirections: In this part there is a short passage with five questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in fewest possible words (not exceeding 10 words) One summer my wife Chris and I were invited by friends to row down the Colorado River in a boat. Our expedition included many highly successful people-the kind who has staffs to take care of life'sdaily work. But in the wilder rapids, all of us naturally set aside any pretenses (矫饰) and put out backs into every stroke to keep the boat from tumbling over. At each night's encampment, we all hauled supplies and cleaned dishes. After only two days in the river, people accustomed to being spoiled and indulged had become a team, working together to cope with the unpredictable twists and turns of the river.I believe that in life as on boat trips _ teamwork will make all our journeys successful ones. The rhythms of teamwork have been the rhythms of my life. I played basketball alongside famous players, and the team I now coach, the New York Knicks, has recovered from years of adversity to become a major contender in the 1990s.I'm persuaded that teamwork is the key to making dreams come true. We all play o a number of teams in our lives-as part of a family, as a citizen, as a member of an agreement, written or unwritten. It contains the values and goals for every team member.For example, in the late 1970s a General Motors plant in Fremont, Calif, was the scene of constant warfare。
2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试《英语二》模拟测试卷(2)
2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试《英语二》模拟测试卷（2）下列每小题的四个选项中，只有一项是最符合题意的正确答案，多选、错选或不选均不得分。
材料题根据以下材料，回答1-20题Holiday eating gets a bad rap. Around New Years, we’re hit with calls to clean up our wayward diets by eliminating 1and counting calories. But psychologists and epidemiologists alike 2 that all this fuss could do more harm than good.The social aspect of the holidays can make it difficult to 3 your usual diet—it’s hard to 4 another cookie or glass of wine when everyone around you is partaking—so it’s understandable if you feel like you must have caused your body harm. But research suggests that festive meals come with their own set of health 5. A 2017 study published in Adaptive Human Behavior and Physiology found that people who ate more meals in social 6 were more likely to feel better about themselves and have a wider social network—characteristics that, as the study authors point out, are 7with happiness, wellbeing, and lower risk of illness. Evening meals involving alcohol were the most likely to 8 feelings of warmth and bonding.Sometimes, participating in these social situations involves 9caloric, fatty, or sugary foods and drinks. Bioethicists at Johns Hopkins argue that those foods, too, have health value. “Sharing food is a way to express love, forge relationships, and 10 bonds,”they wrote in an article published in the Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal. “What we eat expresses our personal and 11 identities.”Our cultural obsession over whether foods are healthy or not is 12universal. Psychologists at the University of Pennsylvania recently asked 947 Indian, French, and American participants to sort a list of foods in whatever 13they deemed mostappropriate. Their results showed that 14French and Indian respondents generally chose to sort foods into 15 groupings like “food vs. drink,” most Americans chose to 16 foods by whether they deemed them healthy or unhealthy.Researchers found that the French were the most likely to associate food with pleasure, and the least likely to associate food with health. Americans were on the 17 end of the spectrum. That’s significant because French people, on average, have lower rates of heart disease and live around four years longer. That’s not to say that French diets are the key to health and 18, but a(n) 19 on the pleasure of food rather than its health-value certainly doesn’t seem to 20.1. 【完形填空】第1题答案是A. weedsB. treatsC. drugsD. staples正确答案：B2. 【完形填空】第2题的答案是A. denyB. demandC. cautionD. promise正确答案：C3. 【完形填空】第3题的答案是A. diversifyB. improveC. balanceD. maintain正确答案：D4. 【完形填空】第4题的答案是A. turn down第 2 页共 21 页B. eat upC. indulge inD. settle for正确答案：A5. 【完形填空】第5题的答案是A. restrictionsB. benefitsC. regulationsD. risks正确答案：B6. 【完形填空】第6题的答案是A. classesB. termsC. settingsD. relations正确答案：C7. 【完形填空】第7题的答案是A. comparedB. presentedC. associatedD. equipped正确答案：C8. 【完形填空】第8题的答案是A. suppressB. exhaustC. exploitD. trigger正确答案：D9. 【完形填空】第9题的答案是A. preparingB. consumingC. limitingD. avoiding正确答案：B10. 【完形填空】第10题的答案是A. reinforceB. diminishC. aggravateD. disconnect正确答案：A11. 【完形填空】第11题的答案是A. nationalB. culturalC. privateD. group正确答案：D12. 【完形填空】第12题的答案是A. in partB. far fromC. in essenceD. as usual正确答案：B13. 【完形填空】第13题的答案是A. combinationB. situationC. directionD. manner正确答案：D第 4 页共 21 页14. 【完形填空】第14题的答案是A. sinceB. untilC. whileD. unless正确答案：C15. 【完形填空】第15题的答案是A. neutralB. binaryC. openD. sequential正确答案：A16. 【完形填空】第16题的答案是A. purchaseB. processC. categorizeD. evaluate正确答案：C17. 【完形填空】第17题的答案是A. oppositeB. identicalC. severeD. moderate正确答案：A18. 【完形填空】第18题的答案是A. prosperityB. freedomC. wealthD. longevity正确答案：D19. 【完形填空】第19题的答案是A. banB. focusC. attemptD. attack正确答案：B20. 【完形填空】第20题的答案是A. hurtB. careC. matterD. hold正确答案：A下列每小题的四个选项中，只有一项是最符合题意的正确答案，多选、错选或不选均不得分。
2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)模拟测试
2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一)模拟测试Section I: Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C, or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Text:In todays interconnected world, the role of technology in shaping our daily lives has become increasingly prominent. With the advent of smart devices and the Internet of Things (IoT), we are now able to perform tasks with unprecedented efficiency and convenience. However, the benefits of this technological revolution come with their own set of challenges, particularly when it comes to privacy and security.- Privacy concerns have risen sharply in recent years, as more and more personal data is collected and stored online. This data, ranging from browsing history to financial information, is a goldmine for hackers and cybercriminals. 1 the potential risks, individuals and organizations alike must take proactive measures to protect themselves.- One way to combat these threats is through the use ofstrong passwords and two-factor authentication. Yet, these methods alone are 2 insufficient. Regular software updates, which often include security patches, are equally important. Neglecting these updates can leave devices vulnerable to attacks.- Moreover, awareness and education play a crucial role in enhancing cybersecurity. Many cyber attacks are successful because users are not aware of the 3 tactics employed by cybercriminals. By educating users on how to recognize phishing emails, malicious websites, and other forms of cyber threats, we can significantly reduce the risk of successful attacks.- Another aspect of cybersecurity is the need for 4 policies and regulations. Governments and international organizations must work together to develop and enforce strict guidelines that protect the privacy and security of individuals online. This includes ensuring that data is collected, stored, and processed in a manner that is both ethical and legal.- Finally, collaboration between the public and private sectors is essential in the fight against cybercrime. By sharing information and resources, both sectors can more effectively 5 emerging threats and respond to incidents. This includesincident response teams, threat intelligence sharing, and joint training exercises.In conclusion, cybersecurity is a complex and ever-evolving field that requires a multi-faceted approach. By combining strong passwords, regular updates, awareness and education, robust policies, and public-private collaboration, we can build a safer and more secure digital world.Questions:1. A) DespiteB) Despite ofC) In spiteD) In spite ofAnswer: D) In spite ofExplanation: In spite of is a prepositional phrase used to introduce a contrast, meaning although or even though. It correctly completes the sentence by acknowledging the potential risks despite their existence.2. A) inherentlyB) increasinglyC) predominantlyD) undoubtedlyAnswer: A) inherentlyExplanation: Inherently means something is an essential or fundamental part of something else. Here, it suggests that strong passwords and two-factor authentication, while important, are not enough on their own to provide complete security.3. A) sophisticatedB) straightforwardC) outdatedD) rudimentaryAnswer: A) sophisticatedExplanation: Sophisticated refers to something that is complex, advanced, or highly developed. It correctly describes the tactics employed by cybercriminals, which are often complex and difficult to detect.4. A) ambiguousB) comprehensiveC) vagueD) simplisticAnswer: B) comprehensiveExplanation: Comprehensive means including all or nearly all elements or aspects of something. Here, it refers to theneed for policies and regulations that cover all aspects of cybersecurity, ensuring that individuals privacy and security are adequately protected.5. A) anticipateB) endureC) eliminateD) exacerbateAnswer: A) anticipateExplanation: Anticipate means to foresee or expect something to happen. In this context, it correctly describes the need for both the public and private sectors to work together to predict and prepare for emerging cyber threats.。
英语考研题库模拟题及答案
英语考研题库模拟题及答案一、阅读理解（每题2分，共20分）Passage 1In recent years, the popularity of online courses has surged, offering students the flexibility to learn at their own pace. However, critics argue that the lack of face-to-faceinteraction may hinder the development of critical thinking skills.Questions:1. What is the main topic of the passage?2. What is the advantage of online courses mentioned in the passage?3. What is the concern raised by critics about online courses?Answers:1. The main topic is the rise in popularity of online courses and the debate surrounding their effectiveness.2. The advantage is the flexibility for students to learn at their own pace.3. The concern is that the lack of face-to-face interaction may affect the development of critical thinking skills.Passage 2The impact of climate change on biodiversity is a pressingissue. Scientists warn that without immediate action, many species are at risk of extinction.Questions:1. What is the main concern of the passage?2. What is the potential consequence of climate change mentioned?3. Who are the individuals raising the alarm about this issue?Answers:1. The main concern is the impact of climate change on biodiversity.2. The potential consequence is the extinction of many species.3. Scientists are the ones raising the alarm.二、完形填空（每题1分，共10分）[文章省略，提供5个样题]61. A) rapidly B) slowly C) gradually D) instantly62. A) cause B) effect C) reason D) result63. A) despite B) because C) since D) if64. A) increasing B) decreasing C) remaining D) changing65. A) threat B) promise C) opportunity D) challenge答案：61. C) gradually62. A) cause63. A) despite64. B) decreasing65. A) threat三、翻译（英译汉，每题5分，共10分）Translate the following sentences into Chinese:1. The rapid development of technology has brought about significant changes in our daily lives.2. Environmental protection is a global issue that requires the collective efforts of all countries.答案：1. 技术的快速发展给我们的日常生活带来了显著的变化。
研究生英语模拟题(附答案) (5)
Vocabulary( 10 minutes, 10 points)Section A (0. 5 point each)Directions: There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has one word or a set of words underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on your Answer Sheet.A conservative person opposes change and too many new ideas.16A. unprogressiveB. bookishC. stupidD. blind正确答案：A注释:unprogressive(保守的)与conservative意思相符。
bookish书籍的，书生气的；stupid愚蠢的；blind眼睛失明的，盲的。
The children were full of animation as they went to the zoo. For it is the first time for them to go outing.17A. annoyanceB. frightC. excitementD. animals正确答案：C注释:animation与excitement意思相近，含有―兴奋‖之意。
animals动物；fright惊吓，恐怖；annoyance 烦恼。
考研英语模拟试题大全及答案
考研英语模拟试题大全及答案Part I Listening Comprehension (30 points)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A) At a bookstore.B) At a library.C) At a lecture.D) At a museum.M: Excuse me, could you tell me where I can find the latest issue of "Science Review"?W: Sure, it's right next to the "National Geographic" on the new arrivals shelf.2. A) He is a writer.B) He is a professor.C) He is a student.D) He is a journalist.M: I'm reading Professor Smith's latest book for my literature class.W: Oh, he's not only a renowned author but also teaches at the university.3. A) She is going to the beach.B) She is going to the mountains.C) She is going to the cinema.D) She is going to the countryside.M: What are your plans for the weekend?W: I'm planning to climb the mountains with some friends.4. A) He is a doctor.B) He is a lawyer.C) He is a teacher.D) He is an engineer.M: I've decided to follow my father's footsteps and become a lawyer.W: That's great. Your father is one of the best in the field.5. A) He is tired of his job.B) He is looking for a new job.C) He is satisfied with his job.D) He is about to be promoted.M: I can't believe I've been working here for five years already.W: Time flies when you enjoy what you do.6. A) She is going to the post office.B) She is going to the bank.C) She is going to the supermarket.D) She is going to the hospital.M: Where are you off to?W: I need to mail a package and then I'll head to the bank to deposit a check.7. A) He is a vegetarian.B) He is a vegan.C) He is an omnivore.D) He is a pescetarian.M: I don't eat any meat, but I do eat fish.W: So, you're a pescetarian?8. A) She is a fashion designer.B) She is a graphic designer.C) She is an interior designer.D) She is a product designer.M: Your designs are really creative. Do you work with fashion?W: No, I design graphics for advertising.Conversation One:M: I heard you're going to study abroad next semester. That's exciting!W: Yes, it is. I'm a bit nervous about the language barrier,though.Q9: What does the woman imply?A) She is worried about the cost.B) She is concerned about the language.C) She is excited about the opportunity.D) She is looking forward to traveling.Q10: What can we infer about the man?A) He is also planning to study abroad.B) He has studied abroad before.C) He is envious of the woman's opportunity.D) He is supportive of the woman's decision.Conversation Two:W: I can't believe how quickly this year has gone by. It seems like only yesterday we were starting our first term. M: I know. I'm already thinking about what I want to do after graduation.Q11: What does the woman mean?A) She is surprised by the quality of the term.B) She is amazed at how fast time has passed.C) She is looking forward to the next term.D) She is worried about her performance in the term.Q12: What can we infer about the man?A) He is considering graduate studies.B) He is planning to start his own business.C) He is thinking about his future career.D) He is unsure about his plans after graduation.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage and then some questions related to the passage. The passage will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have。
研究生英语模拟题附答案Word版
Vocabulary( 10 minutes, 10 points)Section A (0. 5 point each)Directions: There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has one word or a set of words underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on your Answer Sheet.Skin, being sturdy and elastic and well supplied with blood, tolerates injury well and recovers quickly.16A. resilientB. elusiveC. looseD. expansive正确答案：A注释:elastic有弹力的，引缩自如的；elusive难懂的；loose宽松的；resilient有弹力的；expansive易膨胀的。
Our social backgrounds also affect our attitudes toward art.17A. effectB. affluenceC. varyD. influence正确答案：D注释:influence与affect同为“影响”之意。
affluence丰富，汇集。
There is an argument that Lincoln was assassinated by an actor.18A. stabbedB. murderedC. killedD. shot正确答案：B注释:assassinate与murder意思相近，同为“暗杀，谋杀”。
考研英语模拟试卷(附答案及详解)
考研英语模拟试卷（附答案及详解）一、完形填空directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the one that best fits into the passage and then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheetwith a single line through the centre.In recent years, the concept of "worklife balance" has gained increasing attention. Many people are trying hard to achieve a balance between their work and personal life. However, it is not an easy task for everyone. The following passage discusses some tips on how to (1) __________ this balance.First and foremost, it is important to set clearpriorities. You need to know what is (2) __________ to youand allocate your time accordingly. If your family is yourtop priority, then you should be willing to (3) __________your work schedule to spend more time with them.Secondly, learn to say no. In today's fastpaced world, it is easy to be overwhelmed various tasks and responsibilities. However, you should not (4) __________ to take on more work than you can handle. By saying no, you are actually (5)__________ your time and energy for more important things.Lastly, don't forget to take care of yourself. Engaging in regular exercise, maintaining a healthy diet, and getting enough sleep are essential for (8) __________ your work performance and personal wellbeing.By following these tips, you will be better equipped to (9) __________ the challenges of maintaining a worklife balance. Remember, it is a continuous process, and you need to (10) __________ and adjust your strategies accordingly.二、阅读理解Section ADirections: In this section, there are four passages followed ten questions or unfinished statements. For each question or statement, there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage 1The importance of reading cannot be overstated. It is a fundamental skill that can enhance our knowledge, expand our horizons, and even improve our mental health. The following passage discusses the benefits of reading and how to incorporate it into our daily lives.Passage 2三、翻译Section BDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in brackets.1. 随着互联网的普及，信息传播速度越来越快。
全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语模拟试题及答案
Even so, dog cloning is a commercial opportunity, with a nice research payoff.Ever since Dolly the sheep was cloned in 1997, Westhusin’s phone at A&M College of Veterinary Medicine has been ringing busily.Cost is no obstacle for customers like Missy’s mysterious owner, who wishes to remain unknown to protect his privacy.He’s plopped down $3.7 million so far to fund the research because he wants a twin to carry on Missy’s fine qualities after she dies.But he knows her clone may not have her temperament.In a statement of purpose, Missy’s owners and the A&M team say they are “both looking forward to studying the ways that her clone differs from Missy.”
Some people, however, 8 to the very idea of persuasion.They may regard it as an unwelcome intrusion 9 their lives or as a manipulation or domination.10 , we believe that persuasion is 11 —to live is to persuade.Persuasion may be ethical or unethical, selfless or selfish, 12 or degrading.Persuaders may enlighten our minds or 13 on our vulnerability.Ethical persuasion, however, calls 14 sound reasoning and is sensitive to the feelings and needs of listeners.Such persuasion can help us 15 the wisdom of the past to the decisions we now must make.16 , an essential part of education is learning to 17 the one kind of persuasion and to encourage and practise the other.
考研英语模拟测试题
考研英语模拟测试题在这个高质量1500字的文章中，我会根据你给的题目“考研英语模拟测试题”，按照考研英语模拟测试题的格式来写。
以下是文章的内容：第一部分：听力理解（听力题不需要列出选项）Section ADirections：In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A)， B)， C) and D)， and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.1. M: Have you packed your suitcase yet? We need to leave for the airport soon.W: No, but I've made a list of everything I want to take. I'll start packing as soon as I finish dressing.Q: What will the woman do next?2. W: I heard Professor Smith didn't give a lecture yesterday. Is that true?M: Yes, he had to attend his son's graduation. He'll make it up next week.Q: Why didn't Professor Smith give a lecture yesterday?...注意：听力题列表只需提供题号和问题的部分内容，选项内容可以省略，并在每道题后面都标注答案。
考研英语真题模拟试卷
考研英语真题模拟试卷一、听力部分（共30分）Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. After each question, there will be a short pause. The conversations and questions will be spoken only once. For each question, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D).1. What does the man suggest the woman do?A) Take a rest.B) Go to the doctor.C) Stay at home.D) Work harder.2. Why is the woman upset?A) She lost her job.B) She missed her bus.C) She failed the exam.D) She lost her keys.[...]8. What does the man mean by saying "It's a small world"?A) He's surprised by the coincidence.B) He thinks the world is getting smaller.C) He's interested in geography.D) He's suggesting they travel.Long Conversation 1Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. What is the main topic of the conversation?A) A book signing event.B) A new novel.C) A writing competition.D) A literary festival.10. What does the woman think about the author?A) She admires her greatly.B) She finds her arrogant.C) She doesn't like her writing style.D) She thinks she's overrated.Long Conversation 2Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you havejust heard.12. Why did the man decide to quit his job?A) He was offered a better position.B) He wanted to start his own business.C) He was unhappy with his boss.D) He wanted to travel the world.[...]二、阅读理解部分（共40分）Passage 1[文章内容略]Questions 16 to 18 are based on Passage 1.16. What is the main idea of the passage?A) The importance of a balanced diet.B) The benefits of regular exercise.C) The impact of technology on health.D) The role of sleep in a healthy lifestyle.17. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a reason for poor sleep quality?A) Stress from work.B) An irregular sleep schedule.C) Consuming too much caffeine.D) A comfortable sleeping environment.Passage 2[文章内容略]Questions 19 to 21 are based on Passage 2.19. What does the author's experience suggest about the job market?A) It is highly competitive.B) It requires a specific set of skills.C) It is dominated by large corporations.D) It offers many opportunities for advancement.Passage 3[文章内容略]Questions 22 to 25 are based on Passage 3.22. What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?A) To persuade readers to adopt a new technology.B) To inform readers about a breakthrough in science.C) To critique the current state of environmental policy.D) To analyze the economic impact of climate change. [...]三、完形填空部分（共20分）[文章内容略]26. A) Despite B) Because C) Although D) Since27. A) predicted B) suggested C) proposed D) recommended28. A) benefits B) drawbacks C) consequences D) advantages29. A) However B) Therefore C) Nevertheless D) Thus30. A) contribute to B) result in C) lead to D) give rise to [...]四、翻译部分（共20分）将下列句子从英语翻译成中文。
2022年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语模拟试题
2022年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语模拟试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark[A],[B], [C]or[D]on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points)The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an important issue recently.The court cannot_1_its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law_2_justices behave like politicians.Yet,in several instances,justices acted in ways that_3_the court's reputation for being independent and impartial.Justice Antonin Scalia，for example，appeared at political events.That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court's decisions will be_4_as impartial judgments.Part of the problem is that the justices are not_5_by an ethics code.At the very least，the court should make itself_6_to the code of conduct that_7_to the rest of the federal judiciary.This and other similar cases_8_the question of whether there is still a_9_between the court and politics.The framers of the Constitution envisioned law_10_having authority apart from politics. They gave justices permanent positions_11_they would be free to_12_those in power and have no need to_13_political support.Our legal system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely_14_.Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social _15_like liberty and property.When the court deals with social policy decisions,the law it_16_ is inescapably political—which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily_17_as unjust.The justices must_18_doubts about the court's legitimacy by making themselves_19_to the code of conduct.That would make their rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and，_20_，convincing as law.1.[A]emphasize[B]maintain[C]modify[D]recognize2.[A]when[B]lest[C]before[D]unless3.[A]restored[B]weakened[C]established[D]eliminated4.[A]challenged[B]compromised[C]suspected[D]accepted5.[A]advanced[B]caught[C]bound[D]founded6.[A]resistant[B]subject[C]immune[D]prone7.[A]resorts[B]sticks[C]leads[D]applies8.[A]evade[B]raise[C]deny[D]settle9.[A]line[B]barrier[C]similarity[D]conflict10.[A]by[B]as[C]through[D]towards11.[A]so[B]since[C]provided[D]though12.[A]serve[B]satisfy[C]upset[D]replace13.[A]confirm[B]express[C]cultivate[D]offer14.[A]guarded[B]followed[C]studied[D]tied15.[A]concepts[B]theories[C]divisions[D]conventions16.[A]excludes[B]questions[C]shapes[D]controls17.[A]dismissed[B]released[C]ranked[D]distorted18.[A]suppress[B]exploit[C]address[D]ignore19.[A]accessible[B]amiable[C]agreeable[D]accountable20.[A]by all means[B]at all costs[C]in a word[D]as a resultSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(40points)Text1In the2006film version of The Devil Wears Prada,Miranda Priestly,played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her,Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with the feverish world described in Overdressed,Eliazabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”.In the last decade or so,advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara,H&M,and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely.Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory,more frequent release,and more profit. These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable—meant to last only a wash or two,although they don’t advertise that—and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks.By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices,Cline argues,these brands have hijacked fashion cycles,shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution,of course,are not limited todesigners.For H&M to offer a $5.95knit miniskirt in all its2,300-plus stores around the world,it must rely on low-wage overseas labor,order in volumes that strain natural resources,and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma.“Mass-produced clothing,like fast food,fills a hunger and need,yet is non-durable and wasteful,”Cline argues.Americans,she finds,buy roughly20billion garments a year—about64items per person—and no matter how much they give away,this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed,Cline introduced her ideal,a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont,who since2008has made all of her own clothes—and beautifully.But as Cline is the first to note,it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft;her example can’t be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment—including H&M,with its green Conscious Collection line—Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer.She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability,be it in food or in energy.Vanity is a constant;people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford not to.21.Priestly criticizes her assistant for her[A]lack of imagination.[B]poor bargaining skill.[C]obsession with high fashion.[D]insensitivity to fashion.22.According to Cline,mass-market labels urge consumers to[A]combat unnecessary waste.[B]shop for their garments more frequently.[C]resist the influence of advertisements.[D]shut out the feverish fashion world.23.The word“indictment”(Line3,Para.2)is closest in meaning to[A]accusation.[B]enthusiasm.[C]indifference.[D]tolerance.24.Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A]Vanity has more often been found in idealists.[B]The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.[C]Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.[D]People are more interested in unaffordable garments.25.What is the subject of the text?[A]Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.[B]Challenge to a high-fashion myth.[C]Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.[D]Exposure of a mass-market secret.Text2All around the world,lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession---with the possible exception of journalism.But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America.During the decade before the economic crisis,spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation.The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money,tempting ever more students to pile into law schools.But most law graduates never get a big-firm job.Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare.There are many reasons for this.One is the excessive costs of a legal education.There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states:a four-year undergraduate degree at one of200law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam.This leaves today’s average law-school graduate with$100,000of debt on top ofundergraduate w-school debt means that they have to work fearsomely hard.Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers.Sensible ideas have been around for a long time,but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them.One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree.Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school.If the bar exam is truly a stern enough test for a would-be lawyer,those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do so.Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business.Except in the District of Columbia,non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm. This keeps fees high and innovation slow.There is pressure for change from within the profession, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.In fact,allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers,by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms’efficiency.After all,other countries,such as Australia and Britain,have started liberalizing their legal professions.America should follow.26.A lot of students take up law as their profession due to[A]the growing demand from clients.[B]the increasing pressure of inflation.[C]the prospect of working in big firms.[D]the attraction of financial rewards.27.Which of the following adds to the costs of legal education in most American states?[A]Higher tuition fees for undergraduate studies.[B]Admissions approval from the bar association.[C]Pursuing a bachelor’s degree in another major.[D]Receiving training by professional associations.28.Hindrance to the reform of the legal system originates from[A]lawyers’and clients’strong resistance.[B]the rigid bodies governing the profession.[C]the stem exam for would-be lawyers.[D]non-professionals’sharp criticism.29.The guild-like ownership structure is considered“restrictive”partly because it[A]bans outsiders’involvement in the profession.[B]keeps lawyers from holding law-firm shares.[C]aggravates the ethical situation in the trade.[D]prevents lawyers from gaining due profits.30.In this text,the author mainly discusses[A]flawed ownership of America’s law firms and its causes.[B]the factors that help make a successful lawyer in America.[C]a problem in America’s legal profession and solutions to it.[D]the role of undergraduate studies in America’s legal education.Text3“There is one and only one social responsibility of business,”wrote Milton Friedman,a Nobel prize-winning economist,“That is,to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits.”But even if you accept Friedman’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility(CSR)policies as a waste of shareholders’money,things may not be absolutely clear-cut.New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies---at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than$15billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate by EPG,a consulting firm.This could add value to their businesses in three ways.First,consumers may take CSR spending as a“signal”that a company’s products are of high quality.Second,customers may be willing to buy a company’s products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes it helps.And third,through a more diffuse“halo effect,”whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers ca n be affected by all three.A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecuti ons under America’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act(FCPA).It argues that since prosecutors do no t consume a company’s products as part of their investigations,they could be influenced only by the halo effect.The study found that,among prosecuted firms,those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties.Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firm’s political influence,rather than their CSR stand,that accounted for the leniency: Companies That contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all,the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits,they do seem to be influenced by a company’s record in CSR.“We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern,such as child labour,or increasing corporate giving by about20%results in fines that generally are40%lower than the typical punishmentfor bribing foreign officials”,says one researcher.Researcher admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR.Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect,rather than the other possible benefits,when they decide their do-gooding policies.But at least they have demonstrated that when companies get into trouble with the law,evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.31.The author views Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR with[A]uncertainty.[B]skepticism.[C]approval.[D]tolerance.32.According to Paragraph2,CSR helps a company by[A]guarding it against malpractices.[B]protecting it from being defamed.[C]winning trust from consumers.[D]raising the quality of its products.33.The expression“more lenient”(Para.4)is closest in meaning to[A]less controversial[B]more lasting[C]more effective[D]less severe34.When prosecutors evaluate a case,a company’s CSR record[A]comes across as reliable evidence[B]has an impact on their decision[C]increases the chance of being penalized[D]constitutes part of the investigation35.Which of the following is true of CSR,according to the last paragraph?[A]The necessary amount of companies’spending on it is unknown.[B]Companies’financial capacity for it has been overestimated.[C]Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked.[D]It has brought much benefit to the banking industry.Text4In a rare unanimous ruling,the U.S.Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor,Robert McDonnell.But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct,which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari automobile from a company seeking access to government.The high court’s decision said the judge in Mr.McDonnell’s trail failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his“official acts,”or the former governor’s decisions on“specific”and “unsettled”issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials,unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials,is not corruption,the justices found.The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is“distasteful”and “nasty.”But under anti-bribery laws,proof must be made of concrete benefits,such as approval of a contract or regulation.Simply arranging a meeting,making a phone call,or hosting an event is not an“official act.”The court’s ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution for bribery.“The basic compact underlying representative government,”wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court,“assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns.”But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives,not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government.Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift.This type of integrity requires well-enforced laws in government transparency,such as records of official meetings,rules on lobbying,and information about each elected leader’s source of wealth.Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption.But it is not always corruption.Rather officials must avoid double standards,or different types of access for average people and the wealthy.If connections can be bought,a basic premise of democratic society–thatall are equal in treatment by government－is undermined.Good governance rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.The court’s ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.36.The underlined sentence(Para.1)most probably shows that the court[A]made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.[B]avoided defining the extent of McDonnell’s duties.[C]was contemptuous of McDonnell’s conduct.[D]refused to comment on McDonnell’s ethics.37.According to Paragraph4,an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves[A]concrete returns for gift-givers.[B]sizable gains in the form of gifts.[C]leaking secrets intentionally.[D]breaking contracts officially.38.The court’s ruling is on the assumption that public officials are[A]allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.[B]qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.[C]justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.[D]exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.39.Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to[A]awaken the conscience of officials.[B]allow for certain kinds of lobbying.[C]guarantee fair play in official access.[D]inspire hopes in average people.40.The author’s attitude toward the court’s ruling is[A]sarcastic.[B]tolerant.[C]skeptical.[D]supportive.Part BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order.For questions41-45,you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes.Paragraphs C and F have been correctly placed.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)[A]In December of1869,Congress appointed a commission to select a site and prepare plans and cost estimates for a new State Department Building.The commission was also to consider possible arrangements for the War and Navy Departments.To the horror of some who expected a Greek Revival twin of the Treasury Building to be erected on the other side of the White House, the elaborate French Second Empire style design by Alfred Mullett was selected,and construction of a building to house all three departments began in June of1871.[B]Completed in1875,the State Department’s south wing was the first to be occupied,withits elegant four-story library(completed in1876),Diplomatic Reception Room,and Secretary’s office decorated with carved wood,Oriental rugs,and stenciled wall patterns.The Navy Department moved into the east wing in1879,where elaborate wall and ceiling stenciling and marquetry floors decorated the office of the Secretary.[C]The State,War,and Navy Building,as it was originally known,housed the three Executive Branch Departments most intimately associated with formulating and conducting the nation’s foreign policy in the last quarter of the nineteenth century and the first quarter of the twentieth century-the period when the United States emerged as an international power.The building has housed some of the nation’s most significant diplomats and politicians and has been the scene of many historic events.[D]Many of the most celebrated national figures have participated in historical events that have taken place within the EEOB’s granite walls.Theodore and Franklin D.Roosevelt,William Howard Taft,Dwight D.Eisenhower,Lyndon B.Johnson,Gerald Ford,and George H.W.Bush all had offices in this building before becoming President.It has housed16Secretaries of the Navy,21Secretaries of War,and24Secretaries of State.Winston Churchill once walked its corridors and Japanese emissaries met here with Secretary of State Cordell Hull after the bombing of Pearl Harbor.[E]The Eisenhower Executive Office Building(EEOB)commands a unique position in both the national history and the architectural heritage of the United States.Designed by Supervising Architect of the Treasury,Alfred B.Mullett,it was built from1871to1888to house the growing staffs of the State,War,and Navy Departments,and is considered one of the best examples of French Second Empire architecture in the country.[F]Construction took17years as the building slowly rose wing by wing.When the EEOB was finished,it was the largest office building in Washington,with nearly2miles of black and white tiled corridors.Almost all of the interior detail is of cast iron or plaster;the use of wood was minimized to insure fire safety.Eight monumental curving staircases of granite with over4,000 individually cast bronze balusters are capped by four skylight domes and two stained glass rotundas.[G]The history of the EEOB began long before its foundations were laid.The first executive offices were constructed between1799and1820.A series of fires(including those set by the British in1814)and overcrowded conditions led to the construction of the existing Treasury Building.In1866,the construction of the North Wing of the Treasury Building necessitated the demolition of the State Department building.41.C42.43.F44.45. Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)It was only after I started to write a weekly column about the medical journals,and began to read scientific papers from beginning to end,that I realised just how bad much of the medicalliterature frequently was.I came to recognise various signs of a bad paper:the kind of paper that purports to show that people who eat more than one kilo of broccoli a week were1.17times more likely than those who eat less to suffer late in life from pernicious anaemia.(46)There is a great deal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals which,when taken up by broadcasters and the lay press,generates both health scares and short-lived dietary enthusiasms.Why is so much bad science published?A recent paper,titled“The Natural Selection of Bad Science”,published on the Royal Society’s open science website,attempts to answer this intriguing and important question.It says that the problem is not merely that people do bad science,but that our current system of career advancement positively encourages it.What is important is not truth,but publication,which has become almost an end in itself.There has been a kind of inflationary process at work:(47)nowadays anyone applying for a research post has to have published twice the number of papers that would have been required for the same post only 10years ago.Never mind the quality,then,count the number.(48)Attempts have been made to curb this tendency,for example,by trying to incorporate some measure of quality as well as quantity into the assessment of an applicant’s papers.This is the famed citation index,that is to say the number of times a paper has been quoted elsewhere in the scientific literature,the assumption being that an important paper will be cited more often than one of small account.(49)This would be reasonable if it were not for the fact that scientists can easily arrange to cite themselves in their future publications,or get associates to do so for them in return for similar favours.Boiling down an individual's output to simple metrics,such as number of publications or journal impacts,entails considerable savings in time,energy and ambiguity.Unfortunately,the long-term costs of using simple quantitative metrics to assess researcher merit are likely to be quite great.(50)If we are serious about ensuring that our science is both meaningful and reproducible.We must ensure that our institutions encourage that kind of science.Section III WritingPart A51.Directions:Some internationals students are coming to your university.Write them an email in the name of the Students’Union to1)extend your welcome and2)provide some suggestions for their campus life here.You should write about100words on ANSWER SHEET2.Do not sign your name at the end of the e“Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address(10points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of160-200words based on the following drawing.In your essay,you should1)describe the drawing briefly2)explain its intended meaning,and3)give your commentsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.（20points）。
研究生英语模拟题附答案
研究⽣英语模拟题附答案Vocabulary( 10 minutes, 10 points>Section A (0. 5 point each>Directions: There are ten sentences in this section. Eachsentence has one word or a set of wordsunderlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the wordor phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with asingle bar across the square bracket on your Answer Sheet. The draught has caused the depletion of supplies and rising of prices.16 A. storageB. Reference C. exhaustion D. exchange注释: depletion耗尽，⽤尽；reference提及，涉及；exhaustion 竭尽；storage存储；exchange交换。
Social interaction lectures for the purpose of accomplishing some aim and is always directedtoward specific other people.17 A. interplay B. event C. behavior D. action正确答案：A注释:interaction意为“相互作⽤”，interplay亦含有此意。
专业学位研究生英语水平自测习题集
专业学位研究生英语水平自测习题集自测1A great deal of the knowledge we have about household goods derives largely from theadvertisements we read. Advertisements introduce us to new products or remind us of the existence of ones we already know about. Suppose you wanted to buy a washing machine, it is more than likely you would obtain details regarding performance, price, etc., from an advertisement.Lots of people pretend that they never read advertisements, but this claim may be seriously doubted. It is hardly possible not to read advertisements these days. And what fun they often are, too! Just think what a railway station or a newspaper would be like without advertisements. Would you enjoy gazing at a blank wall or reading railway bylaws while waiting for a train? Would you like to read only closely printed columns of news in your daily paper? A cheerful, witty advertisement makes such a difference to a drab wall or a newspaper full of the daily ration of calamities.We must not forget, either, that advertising makes a positive contribution to our pockets.Newspapers, commercial radio and television companies could not subsist without this source of revenue. The fact that we pay so little for our daily paper, or can enjoy so many broadcast programs is entirely due to the money spent by advertisers. Just think what a newspaper would cost providing we had to pay its full price!Another thing we mustn't forget is the “small ads.”which are in virtually every newspaper and magazine. What a tremendously useful service they perform for the community!Just about anything can be accomplished through these columns. No other item in a newspaper provides such entertaining reading or offers such a deep insight into human nature. It' s the best advertisement for advertising there is!。
硕士研究生英语自测试题B8页
硕士研究生英语自测试题B8页研究生英语自测试题（B）院系_______________________ 姓名___________________座位号____________ 班号______________ 学号____________________注意事项：1.请将答案直接做到机读卡和答题纸上。
2.本试题共14页，满分100分，考试时间150分钟。
3.本课程为闭卷考试。
Non-English Major Graduate Student English Test试卷一Paper OnePart I Part I Listening Comprehension（15minutes, 15points）Section A (1 point each)Directions: In this section, you will hear nine short conversations between two speak ers. At the end of each conversation, a third voice will ask a question about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on your Answer Sheet.1. A. Not everyone from England likes to read all the time.B. People who teach English like things other than books.C. The English like to read a lot and listen to music.D. English teachers usually like to read a lot.2. A. On Thursday night.. B. On Monday night.C. On Friday morningD. On Thursday morning.3. A. Tom is advised not to talk much.B. Tom isn’t good at singing.C. Tom just had a surgery on his throat.D. Tom is encouraged by his doctor to speak more.4. A. Taking a suburb excursion.B. Looking for a job.C. Looking for an apartment.D. Asking the man for his opinions.5. A. The situation of the rail service will be the same tomorrow.B. The woman is in time for her class.C. The man drives to university.D. The train station is about to be shut down..6. A. Fifty students.B. Forty students..C. Twenty-five students.D. Fifteen students.7. A. Nobody likes to listen to this symphony.B. Many people like it.C. She doesn’t like the symphony.D. She’d like a cup of tea.8. A. Cash his cheque received from the new cafeteria.B. Go to the cafeteria in the evening.C. Open a new cafeteria.D. Ask the new cafeteria to see if they have any vacancies.9. A. She knows where to get a map.B. She will help the man find the exhibit.C. She has already seen the exhibit.D.She will help the man read the map.Section B (1 point each)Directions: In this section, you will hear three short passages.At the end of each p assage, there will be some questions. Both the passage s and the questions will be r ead to you only once. After each questions there will be a pause. During the pause, you must choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corre sponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on your Answer Sheet.10. A. Because schoolchildren waste time and money on them.B. Because they are becoming a social problem, affecting both adults and children.C. Because they can easily be turned into a form of gambling.D. Because too many adults spend working hours playing them.11. A. People, regardless of their age, are crazy about video games.B. Those over 15 can use the machines during the day inmost countries.C. Schoolchildren in uniforms are not allowed into amusement centers in many countries.D. Youngsters are not prohibited to use video game machines placed in amusement centers.12. A. Give their children money for plastic surgery.B. Take all possible steps to stop their children from plastic surgery.C. Spend a lot of money for their children on plastic surgery.D. Spend a lot of money for their daughters instead of their sons on plastic surgery.13. A. Beauty.B. Happiness.C. A good job.D. Human being’s welfare.14. A. Because it takes time before your brain realizes that you’re full .B. Because the slower you eat, the less you absorb.C. Because it’s healthier to eat slowly.D. Because it helps to burn the fat in your body.15. A. None.B. Two.C. Three.D. More then three.Part II Vocabulary (10 minutes, 10 points)Section A (0.5 point each)Directions: There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has one word or a set of words underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underli ned one. Mark the corresponding letter with single bar across the square bracket on your Answer Sheet.16. Train fare increases of 5% are envisaged for the next year because of the draftresolution submitted by the Railway Ministry to the National People’s Congress.A. expectedB. imposedC. proposedD. asserted17. When asked if there were any circumstances under which they would declare war, he dismissed such questions as purely hypothetical.A. inevitableB. imaginaryC. pessimisticD. ironical18. It is said that you can intimidate your enemies by speaking in a low voice andcarrying a big stick.A. imitateB. animationC. frightenD. intermission19. The mother soothed the carrying child and then promised to take him on a pic nic as soon as it stopped raining.A. smotheredB. smoothedC. comfortedD. whipped20. The winner was deprived of his gold medal because he was found to have ta ken stimulants before the race.A. was taken offB. was taken awayC. was clear ofD. was accused of21. According to the comment, the novelist who wrote many romantic stories is renowned for a compact style.A. complexB. plainC. conciseD. fashionable22. All the staff members of the department made zealous efforts to clean up the hall for the coming Christmas party.A. enthusiasticB. giganticC. indigenousD. concerted23. Many new medicines today can eradicate diseases before they become too widespread.A. wipe outB. wear outC. work outD. wrap in24. There is discrepancy between what you have said and what you have done. SoI don’t know whether I should believe you or not.A. similarityB. inconsistencyC. resemblanceD. analog25. Efforts to ameliorate housing conditions for the poor were halted because government funds were cut off.A. add toB. developC. reformD. improveSection B (0.5 point each)Directions: There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has something omi tted.Choose the word or words from the four choices given to best complete each senten ce.26. The English language contains a(n) ____________ of words which are comparatively seldom used in ordinary conversations.A. multitudeB.altitudeC. latitudeD. attitude27. Because a degree from a good university is the means toa better job, educationis one of the most ________ areas in Japanese life.A.sophisticatedB. competitiveC. considerateD. superficial28. Parents have a legal _______ to ensure that their children are provided with efficient education suitable to their age.A. impulseB. influenceC. obligationD. sympathy29. In order to prevent stress from being set up in the metal, expansion joints are fitted which _______ the stress by allowing the pipe to expandor contract freely.A. relieveB. reconcileC. reclaimD. rectify30. According to the latest report, consumer confidence ________ a breathtaking 15points last month, to its lowest level in 9 years.A. soaredB. mutatedC. plummetedD. fluctuated31. Melissa is a computer ________ that destroyed files in computers and frustratedthousands of users around the world.A. geniusB. virusC. diseaseD. bacteria32. Lighting can be used not only to create an atmosphere, but also to ________ features of the house, such as ornaments or pictures.A. highlightB. underlineC. activateD. upgrade33. This coupon ________ you to at least 50% off the regular price of either frames or lenses when you buy both.A. creditsB. entitlesC. presentsD. tips34. High grades are supposed to ________ academic ability, but John’s actual performance did not confirm this.A. certifyB. clarifyC. classifyD. notify35. The Timber rattlesnake is now on the endangered species list, and is extinct in t wo eastern states in which it once _________.A. thrivedB. swelledC. prosperedD. flourished。