名词性从句
什么叫名词性从句
1、什么叫名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 (Noun Clauses）。
名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
2、主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。
1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。
而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。
被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。
例如：It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film.It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.It is in the morning that the murder took place.It is John that broke the window.2. 用it 作形式主语的结构(1) It is ＋名词＋从句It is a fact that … 事实是…It is an honor that …非常荣幸It is common knowledge that …是常识(2) it is ＋形容词＋从句It is natural that… 很自然…It is strange that… 奇怪的是…(3) it is ＋不及物动词＋从句It seems that… 似乎…It happened that… 碰巧…(4) it ＋过去分词＋从句It is reported that… 据报道…It has been proved that… 已证实…3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况(1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。
名词性从句
语法专题二：名词性从句1. 名词性从句的基本概念：1) 主语从句：在句中充当主语；亦可用it作形式主语，主语从句置于句末。
2) 宾语从句：在句中充当及物动词或介词的宾语；亦可用it作形式宾语，宾语从句置于句末。
3) 表语从句：在句中充当系动词的表语。
4) 同位语从句：常置于fact, idea, news, promise, doubt, suggestion, possibility, belief等表示有内容的名词后，起解释、说明作用。
2. 注意：1) 名词性从句要用陈述句语序。
2) 名词性从句中缺少主语、表语、宾语时：常用what 导，亦可用which表示选择，用who/whom/whoever指人。
缺少状语：用where（表地点）, when（表时间）, how（表方式）, why（表原因）。
3) 如不缺成份：主语从句、同位语从句用that引导，不能省略；表从、单个动词宾从可省略引导词that；介词宾从、第二个宾从，引导词that一般不省略；it作形式主语或宾语时，引导实际主从或宾从，一般that不省略；当主从、宾从本身为复合句时，引导词that不省略。
如：He told us sadly that what he had done secretly was discovered by his parents.4) 含宾从的复合句中，主句和从句的时态保持一致，但如果从句中表示是客观现象，虽然主句是过去时态，从句仍用一般现在时。
5) 主语从句做主语，谓语动词用单数；如果由and 连接两个或两个以上的主语从句做主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。
6) 当主句是I/We think（或suppose, expect, believe, imagine, guess）时，其后的宾语从句如果是否定的，常常把否定词not从从句中移到主句中。
7) 只能用whether，不能用if表示“是否”的情况如下：(1) 在表语从句和同位语从句中；(2) 在主语从句中，如果用it做形式主语，whether和if都能引导主语从句，否则，只能用whether(3) 在介词之后；(4) 后面直接跟动词不定式；(5) 与or not连用；(6) 引导让步状语从句，只能用whether。
名词性从句
语序：陈述语序
在句中充当主语的从句称为主语 从句。英语中主语从句的句型可分 为两大类： 直接将主语从句放在主语位置上； 用it作形式主语，将真正的主语从 句后移，放在其他成分后。
让我们先说说第一类吧！
一、连接词（只起连接作用，在从句中不充当句子成分）
that：无词义。 e.g.: 他赢得比赛一事在我国引起巨大轰动。 That he won the game made a tremendous stir in our country. whether：“是否”。可单独使用，也可与or或or not连用。 e.g.: 我们明天是否能去春游取决于天气。 Whether we can go for a spring outing depends on the weather. 他们是否会来还未告诉我们。 Whether they will come has not been told to us.
四、主语从句与主谓一致
一个从句作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式， 特别是用it作形式主语的句型。 e.g.: Whether this kind of chemicals is better has not been tried.
当what引导主从，应遵循意义一致原则，谓语动 词选用相应形式。表语是复数时，谓语动词用复数 形式。 e.g.: What we do willingly is easy. What they were searching for were the missing gems.
Introduction
名词性从句：包括四种：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从
句、同位语从句。
连词：引导名词性从句的连词有以下三类
连接词：只起连接作用，在从句中不充当句子成分； 连接代词：连接主从句，并在从句中作主语/宾语/表 语/定语； 连接副词：连接主从句，并在从句中作时状/地状/原 因状/方式状。
名词性从句
名词性从句1.名词性从句的定义名词性从句是起名词作用的从句，这些从句可以作为一个整体来看，其作用就相当于一个名词，在复合句中作主语，宾语，表语和同位语。
名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句，同位语从句四种。
2.名词性从句的连接词名词性从句通常由一个连接词和主句相连。
连接词很重要，它既是联系主句的纽带，又是从句的标志，通过连接词，我们可以辨认不同从句的性质。
一．从属连接词（在从句中不充当任何成分，只起到连接从句的功能）A．that 只是引导名词性从句，本身并没有实际意义，在从句中不充当任何句子成分。
That he will come to the meeting is certain.(主语从句)The fact remains that we are behind the other group.(同位语从句)B．if和whether具有“是否”的意义，但是whether比较正式，在口语中人们经常if, if 和whether在名词性从句中尽管不充当任何的成分，但不可以省略。
C．whether不能替代if的情况1.if只能引导宾语从句（做介词宾语的情况除外），而whether 可以引导所有的名词性从句。
She asked if/ whether that was enough.Whether the football match will be played depends on the whether.The question is whether we can arrive there on bus.2.whether引导宾语从句做介词的宾语，if没有这种用法It depends on whether it will be fine.3.whether后紧跟不定式He was wondering whether to go home.4.or not 可直接跟在whether后面，但不可以直接跟在if后面。
名词性从句的三种类型及例句解析
名词性从句的三种类型及例句解析名词性从句是指在一个句子中充当名词的从句。
它可以作主语、宾语、表语和同位语等，并能够起到连接子句与主句的作用。
在英语语法中，有三种主要类型的名词性从句：宾语从句、主语从句和表语从句。
本文将详细解析这三种类型，并举例说明其用法。
一、宾语从句宾语从句作为一个整体出现在主句中的动词后面，充当主句的宾语。
它常常引导由that、whether/if、wh-疑问词引导的从句。
下面是一些例句：1. 主句：He asked me a question.宾语从句：He asked me whether I had finished my homework.解析：宾语从句"whether I had finished my homework"作为动词"ask"的宾语，表达了一个疑问。
2. 主句：She doesn't know the answer.宾语从句：She doesn't know what the answer is.解析：宾语从句"what the answer is"作为动词"know"的宾语，表示对答案的不知道。
3. 主句：They wonder if he will come to the party.宾语从句：They wonder if/whether he will come to the party.解析：宾语从句"if/whether he will come to the party"作为动词"wonder"的宾语，表达了对他是否会来参加派对的疑问。
二、主语从句主语从句作为一个整体出现在句子的最前面，充当主句的主语。
它通常由that引导，也可以由wh-疑问词引导。
以下是一些例句：1. 主句：It is important to learn a foreign language.主语从句：That she is a hardworking student is important.解析：主语从句"That she is a hardworking student"作为句子的主语，强调了她是一个勤奋的学生的重要性。
名词性从句
名词性从句在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。
它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
名词性从句是中学阶段的一个重要语法项目，在历年的高考中几乎都涉及到，并且每年的命题各有变化。
一、名词性从句主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句，在整个句子中所起的作用，相当于一个名词。
因此，这四种从句通称为名词性从句。
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词：that, whether, if （不充当从句的任何成分）连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.连接副词：when, where, how, why1.主语从句作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。
主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，Where, why等词引导。
that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。
例如：What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。
It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。
Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。
有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。
主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。
常用句型如下：（1）It + be + 名词+ that从句（2）It + be + 形容词+ that从句（3）It + be + 动词的过去分词+ that从句（4）It + 不及物动词+ that 从句另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”常用的句型有：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that …It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that…It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that主语从句的例句：That he was won the prize is true.It is true that he has won the prize.What he said at the meeting is right,Whether he will come or not is unknown.Whoever comes will be welcome. Why he did it is not quite clear.2. 宾语从句名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。
名词性从句
名词性从句(包括主语、表语、宾语和同位语从句)1.陈述句作名词性从句, 用that引出, 虽然在从句里不充当成分, 但除宾语从句外, 在主语、表语和同位语从句中都不能省。
(在宾语从句中, 第一个that可省, 第二个that不能省)2.一般疑问句作名词性从句, 用whether引出, 除宾语从句(if / whether均可)。
3.特殊疑问句作名词性从句, 用who / whom / what / which / when / where / why / how 和whoever / whatever etc引出。
4.从句里要用陈述句的词序。
5.在名词性从句中, “无论谁”、“无论什么”, 只能用whoever/ whatever, 但在让步状语从句中, whoever / nomatter who, whatever / no matter what均可。
主语从句作主语的从句称主语从句, 一般放在句首, 也可用it作形式主语。
1.That Mary was late again made the teacher very angry. (that不能省)2.Whether he can pass the exam or not depends on how hard he works. (whether不能用if替代)3.What matters is not to win but to take part / participate. (What引出的主语从句常用is或was作谓语动词)4.Whatever is said here must be kept secret. (whatever不能用no matter what替代)5.It still remains a question whether they will go abroad for further study.It happened / seemed / never occurred to sb that…It is important / necessary that…It is said / believed / reported / well known that…It is a pity / no wonder / no longer a question that…表语从句作表语的从句称表语从句, 位于连系动词之后。
名词性从句
D.引导同位语从句时,切不可错用which。例如:
Word has come that some American guests will come to visit our school next week. 有消息说下周将有一些美国客人来我校参观。
____ you have seen both fighters, ____ will win?
A. Since; do you think who B. As; who you think
C. When; whoever D. Since; who do you think
解析：根据上面的讲解，不难知道答案是D。其中do you think是插入成分，其余部分是宾语从句，作think的宾语；由于引导词在从句中作主语，所以要用主格who(不用whom)。
-I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
-Is that ____ you had a few days off?
A. why B. when C. that D. where
解析：答案是A，why引导的从句作表语，同时why在从句中作原因状语。这里之所以选why，而不是when或 where等，唯一的依据便是句子的逻辑含义，及语境。
whatever,whoever,whichever引导名词性从句
一、基本用法概说英语中的-ever 词主要包括 whatever, whoever, whichever, whenever, wherever, however 等，其中可引导名词性从句的主要有 whatever, whoever, whichever等，其中可引导Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。这里所说的名词性从句主要指主语从句和宾语从句，它们通常不用于引导同位语从句，同时也很少用于引导表语从句。如：Whatever he said was right. 无论他说什么都是对的。(引导主语从句)I don’t believe whatever he said. 无论他说什么我都不信。(引导宾语从句)在某些特定的语境中，也可用于引导表语从句。如：
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*__It_i_s_a__f_a_c_t _th_a_t_(这是事实)he cheated in the exam.
2) It is + adj. +从句 It’s certain that… 肯定… It is possible that... 很可能…… It is unlikely that... 不可能…… It is obvious that… 很明显… It is true/surprising/good/funny that。。。 It is necessary \important \natural\... that… sb+(should) +do…
2.连接副词when，where， how， why等。
Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery. When they will set off is not decided. Where she is from is unknown. How we will paint the house has not been decided.
表语从句
The news that we won the game is exciting.
同位语从句
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 连接词：that, whether, if 连 接 代 词 ： what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever，which ，whichever，whose. 连接副词：when, where, how, why
*_I_t_i_s_p_o_s_s_i_b_le__th__a_t _(很可能)she will come back tomorrow. *__It_i_s_o__b_v_io_u_s__th__a_t _(很明显)this measure is
effective.
3) It +不及物动词+从句
It happened that...
三．表语从句
表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动 词之后，一般结构是“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句”。 1.常用的句型：The reason why... is that… ，
It/This/That is because+原因...， That/This is why+结果... 1) He got up late this morning. This is why he was late for school. 2）He was late for school again. It was because he got up late this morning. 3) The reason why he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.
3. whether引导的表语从句。(不用if) The question is whether they will support the plan. 4. that引导 The trouble is that I have lost his address. 5.what 引导表从 The girl was not what she was ten years ago. He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago.
What is needed for success is your hard work.
Who will take part in the meeting has not been decided. Whoever breaks the law will be punished. Which student will win the first is uncertain.
I heard that he joined the army. (2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句，例如：
She did not know what had happened. I wonder whether you can change this note for me. (3) 动词＋间接宾语＋宾语从句。例如： She told me that she would accept my invitation. 2. 作介词的宾语，例如： Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.
碰巧……
It occurred to me that…我突然想起…
*_I_t_h_a_p_p_e_n_e_d__t_h_a_t_(刚好)I came into the office at that time.
*_I_t _o_c_c_u_r_re_d__t_o_m__e_t_h_a_t_(我突然想起)I forget to sent the letter.
4. it 可以作为形式宾语 it 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语
而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复 合宾语的句子中。 例如：
We thought it good news that the fog had finally gone.
主 语 +make/think/find/feel/take/consider +it( 形 宾 )+ 宾 补 （ n./adj. ） +that 从 句 /to do/doing
It is a pity/shame that... 遗憾的是…… It is a surprise that…令人惊奇的是… It is a fact that… …是事实 It is common knowledge that… …是常识 It is no wonder/no surprise that....
3. 作形容词或过去分词的宾语，例如：
I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake.
I am sure (that) he will win the game.
She was surprised/pleased that he had passed the exam.
3.从属连词：that， whether等. that 引导主语从句只起引导作用，本身无实际意 义，在主语从句中不充当任何成分，但不能省略。
That people cut down too many trees destroyed the balance of nature. Whether it will rain or not is not clear. It was not clear whether/if the solid shape would last.
6. 连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which， whoever，whatever，whichever连接副词 where，when， how，why The problem is who can replace her. The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.
It must be admitted that…必须承认……
It cannot be denied that… 不可否认……
It must be pointed out that…需指出的是……
___It_i_s_r_e_p_o_r_te_d__t_h_a_t __(据报道)20 people were
2. 放系动词be，look，seem，sound，appear等后面。 常构成It seems/sounds/looks as if.... At that time，it seemed as if I couldn't think of the right word. It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door.
7. 使用虚拟语气的表语从句
在表示建议、劝告、命令含义的名词后的表语从句，谓 语动词需用“should+动词原形” 表示，should可省略。 常见的词有：advice，suggestion，order，proposal， demand，request,等。
4) It + be +过去分词+从句
It is said that...
据说……
It is known to all that... 众所周知……
It is reported that... 据报道……
It is believed that...据信……;人们相信……
It is suggested that + (should）do... 建议……
*it为形式主语
2.That they should like each other is natural. _I_t _is__n_a_tu__ra_l_t_h_a_t_t_h_e_y_s_h_o_u__ld__li_k_e_e_a_c_h__o_th__er.
这样就构成了下面一些常用句型: 1) It is + n. +从句
1)W__h_at___you said yesterday is right. 2) __T_h_a_t _she is still alive is a good thing.
It is a good thing that she is still alive.
二．宾语从句
宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放 在主句谓语动词 (及物动词) 或介词之后。 1. 作动词的宾语 (1) 由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略), 例如：