数据采集系统(中英)

Introduction to Data Acquisition顾名思义，数据采集系统是为了记录或分析一些现象而用来采集信息的产品和/或过程。

例如，技术人员在纸上记录熔炉温度就是一种最简单的数据采集方式。

随着技术的发展，这一过程在电子设备的帮助下得到了简化，而且更加精确、可靠，用途也更加广泛。

这些设备从简单的记录器到复杂的计算机系统，范围广泛。

数据采集产品是系统的核心，它将温度、流量、液位或压力传感器等各种产品联系在一起。

下面是一些常用的数据采集术语：Data acquisition systems, as the name implies, are products and/or processes used to collect information to document or analyze some phenomenon. In the simplest form, a technician logging the temperature of an oven on a piece of paper is performing data acquisition. As technology has progressed, this type of process has been simplified and made more accurate, versatile, and reliable through electronic equipment. Equipment ranges from simple recorders to sophisticated computer systems. Data acquisition products serve as a focal point in a system, tying together a wide variety of products, such as sensors that indicate temperature, flow, level, or pressure. Some common data acquistion terms are shown below:∙模数转换器(ADC)用于将模拟信号转换为等价数字信号的电子设备。

模数转换器是大部分数据采集系统的核心。

∙数模转换器(D/A)在许多数据采集设备中用于产生模拟输出信号的电子元件。

∙数字量输入/输出(DIO)指一种类型的数据采集信号。

数字量I/O 是包含两种状态的离散信号。

这两种状态可以是开/关、高/低、1/0 等。

数字量I/O 又称为二进制I/O。

∙差分输入指信号连接到数据采集设备的一种方式。

对于每个通道，差分输入都有一个唯一的高信号连接和一个唯一的低信号连接。

数据采集设备分单端输入和差分输入两种类型，许多设备同时支持这两种配置。

∙通用接口总线(GPIB)与HPIB（惠普）同义，是通过计算机控制电子仪器时所使用的标准总线。

在ANSI/IEEE 标准中又称IEEE 488。

∙Analog-to-digital converter (ADC)An electronic device that converts analog signals to an equivalent digital form. The analog-to-digital converter is the heart of most data acquisition systems.∙Digital-to-Analog Converter (D/A)An electronic component found in many data acquistion devices that produce an analog output signal.∙Digital Input/Output (DIO)Refers to a type of data acquistion signal. Digital I/O are discrete signals which are either one of two states. These states may be on/off, high/low, 1/0, etc. Digital I/O are also referred to as binary I/O.∙Differential InputRefers to the way a signal is wired to a data acquisition device. Differential inputs have a unique high and unique low connection for each channel. Data acquisition devices have either single-ended or differential inputs, many devices support both configurations.∙General Purpose Interface Bus (GPIB)Synonymous with HPIB (for Hewlett-Packard), the standard bus used for controlling electronic instruments with a computer. Also called IEEE 488 in reference to defining ANSI/IEEE standards.∙分辨率数据采集系统可检测到的最小信号增量。

分辨率可以按位、比例或满量程百分比来表示。

例如，一个系统的分辨率可以表示为12 位、4,096 分之一以及满量程的0.0244%。

∙RS232许多数据采集系统所采用的一种串行通讯标准。

RS232 是最常见的串行通讯形式，但它也有其局限性，即一次仅支持与一台连接总线的设备进行通讯，并且仅支持最长50 英尺的传输距离。

∙RS485许多数据采集系统所采用的一种串行通讯标准。

RS485 不如RS232 常见，但其灵活性更高，可支持一次与多台连接总线的设备进行通讯，并且支持约5,000 英尺的传输距离。

∙采样率数据采集系统采集数据的速度。

该速度通常以每秒的采样数来表示。

对于多通道数据采集设备，采样率通常为模数转换器(A/D) 的速度。

要获得单个通道的采样率，需将A/D 的速度除以采样通道数。

∙单端输入(SE)：指信号连接到数据采集设备的一种方式。

采用单端连接，每个模拟量输入对应一个唯一的高信号连接，而所有通道共享一个公共的接地连接。

数据采集设备分单端输入和差分输入两种类型。

但许多设备同时支持这两种配置。

∙ResolutionThe smallest signal increment that can be detected by a data acquisition system. Resolution can be expressed in bits, in proportions, or in percent of full scale. For example, a system has 12-bit resolution, one part in 4,096 resolution, and 0.0244 percent of full scale.∙RS232A standard for serial communications found in many data acquistion systems.RS232 is the most common serial communication, however, it is somewhat limited in that it only supports communication to one device connected to the bus at a time and it only supports transmission distances up to 50 feet.∙RS485A standard for serial communications found in many data acquistion systems.RS485 is not as popular as RS232, however, it is more flexible in that it supports communication to more than one device on the bus at a time and supports transmission distances of approximately 5,000 feet.∙Sample RateThe speed at which a data acquisition system collects data. The speed is normally expressed in samples per second. For multi-channel dataacquisition devices the sample rate is typically given as the speed of the analog-to-digital converter(A/D). To obtain individual channel sample rate, you need to divide the speed of the A/D by the number of channels being sampled.∙Single-ended Input (SE):Refers to the way a signal is wired to a data acquisition device. Insingle-ended wiring, each analog input has a unique high connection but all channels share a common ground connection. Data acquisition devices have either single-ended or differential inputs. Many support both configurations.环境温度与热电偶数据记录器：属于NOMAD 系列OM-CP-TC101A 数据记录器具有10 年电池寿命、1 秒读取速度、多次起/停功能、500,000 条读数存储容量、可编程上下限报警等特点。