景观规划设计 (英文)
景观设计常用英语词汇
景观设计阶段常用英语词汇设计常用：规划planning月艮务范围scope of services工作范围scope of work开发的可行性规划development feasibility planning景观规划landscape planning总体规划master planning草图sketch/rough map平面plan剖面section立面elevation透视perspective示意图diagram容积率coverage城市设计urban design/civic design区域规划regional planning步行车由ped axis总体规划general planning/master planning分区规划district planning近期建设规划immediate plan城市详细规划detailed planning控制性详细规control detailed planning修建性详细规划site plan居住区规划residential district planning城市化urbanization城市生态urban ecology可持续发展sustainable development项目竣工project closeout项目会议project meetings项目检查project observation项目登记project records项目规模project scale主入口大门main entrance gate主要入口main entrance岗亭(车行&人行)guard house(for vehicle&pedestrian)次入口大门2nd entrance gate次要入口secondary entrance人流量visitors flowrate车流量vehicle flowrate商业中心入口entrance to shopping ctr.水景water feature小型露天剧场mini amphi-theatre迎宾景观welcoming feature观景木台timber deck(viewing)竹园bamboo garden漫步广场walkway plaza露天咖啡廊out door cafe巨大迎宾水景grand welcoming feature瀑布叠水cascading waterfalls木桥timber bridge历史文化名城保护规划Plan of Preservation of Historic Cities 旧城改建urban redevelopment开发区development area城市化水平urbanization level城市群agglomeration城镇体系urban system卫星城satellite town城市基础设施urban infrastructure居民点settlement市municipality/city生态基础设施ecological infrastructure牧场pasture市域administrative region of a city商业区commercial district行政中心administration center商业街commercial street科技园technological region校园规划campus planning城市中心区urban center district居住单元flat历史地段history district民政区域civil district水警区waters guard district居住区规划residential district planning护林区ranger district工业区industrial district林木种子公园tree seed orchard快速公路thruway城市美学urban esthetics游憩空间esplanade系统工程systems engineering城市更新理论urban renewal theory吊桥hanging bridge休憩台地(低处)lounging terrace(lower)休憩台地(高处)lounging terrace(upper)特色踏步feature stepping stone野趣小溪river wild儿童乐园children's playground旱冰道slide羽毛球场badminton court旱景dry landscape旱喷泉dry fountain观景台viewing deck游泳池swimming pool嬉水池wading pool儿童泳池children's pool蜿蜒水墙winding wall石景雕塑rock sculpture中心广场central plaza健身广场exercise plaza桥bridge交流广场meditating plaza趣味树阵tree battle formation停车场paring area特色花架trellis雕塑小道sculpture trail(高尔夫)轻击区putting green高尔夫球会所golf clubhouse每栋建筑入口entrance paving to unit篮球场basketball court网球场tennis court阶梯坐台terracing seatwall种植槽planter广场main plaza森林forest瀑布waterfall石景园rockery garden旱溪dry stream凉亭pavilion户外淋浴outdoor shower拉膜结构tensile structure台阶stair高尔夫球车停车场parking(golf car)健身站exercise station晨跑小路jogging footpath车道driveway人行道sidewalk人行漫步道promenade瀑布及跳舞喷泉(入口广场)waterfall and dancing fountain(entry plaza)特色入口entry feature石景广场rockery plaza植物的抗寒性plant hardiness植物的死亡率plant mortality种植planting建筑空间architecture居U院show place;theater茶楼（馆）caff；tea shop专卖店monopolistic shop博物馆museum电影院cinema/movie house商场emporium/shopping mall体育馆palaestra青少年宫callan house/children,s palace 图书馆library棋牌室relaxation room健身房gymnasium书店book store客厅parlor阳台balcony浴室bathroom橱柜cabinet合院式建筑courtyard building餐厅dining-room/dining hall入口entrance厨房kitchen屋顶roof小孩房kid room儿童游乐室/玩具室dollhouse起居室living room门廊porch更衣室change room休息室pavilion私家花园private garden居民resident共享地带shared zone工人房servants hall比例scale元素element会议中心conference center园林景观view of the garden 乔木arbor/trees灌木shrub草本植物herbaceous plants藤本植物liana灌木shrubs铺石band stone地下车库car park bellow曲线形铺地curved paving bands标志牌(sign)courtyard identification sign 庭院courtyard步道footpath园桥garden bridge园林garden and park种草和铺草皮seeding and sodding种植现状planting conditions种植设计planting design种植要求planting requirements砌石natural cut stone铺地pave亭,阁pavilion榭pavilion on terrace植被planting花坛planting beds大广场plaza台platform栈道deck promenade灯柱pole lights小水池pool雕塑sculpture小广场small square小水景small water feature林荫树shade trees楼storied building小溪流stream行道树street trees踏石stepping stone踏步terrace steps木制平台timber deck草坪grass草皮turf园廊veranda空地void水景waterscape园墙wall in garden滨水地区waterfront 茶亭tea house木亭log cabin遮阳亭shade structure 水岸edge湾bay渡口ferry挡土墙retaining wall 人行道pavement卵石pebble半岛peninsula公园规划park planning园林总体规划garden master planning总平面规划site planning园林保留地reserve garden园林规划图garden planning map园林规划说明书garden planning direction城市公园系统urban park system公园分布distribution of parks公园类型park type,park category公园间距distance between parks公园形式park styles园林分区garden zoning安静休息区tranquil rest area儿童活动区children playing space儿童游戏场children playground体育运动区sports activities area野餐区picnic place散步区pedestrian space群众集会区mass meeting square观赏植物区ornamental plants area观赏温室区display greenhouse area/display conservatory area 草坪区lawn space绿荫区shade tree section历史古迹区historical relics area青少年活动区youngsters activities area诱鸟区bird sanctuary area钓鱼区fishing center野营区camp site游人中心visitors center服务中心service center探险游乐场adventure ground文化活动区cultural activities area游览区excursion area/open-to-public area非游览区no-admittance area办公区administrative area办公园区office parks服务区service center动休息区dynamic rest space静休息区static rest space娱乐演出区entertaining performance place公园道路park road公园水陆面积比率land-water ratio游人容纳量visitors capacity绿化greening,planting绿地/绿化带greenbelt环境绿化environmental greening城市绿化urban virescence城市绿化系统urban green space system绿化覆盖率percentage of greenery coverage城市绿化覆盖率urban green coverage工厂绿化factory greening/landscaping within factory 广场绿化landscaping of square居住区绿化landscaping of residential area公共建筑绿化landscaping around public building室内绿化indoor garden街道绿化street greening/street planting车行道绿化driveway greening分车带绿化dividing stripe greening人行道绿化sidewalk greening群众绿化mass planting movement郊区绿化suburban greening公路绿化highway greening铁路绿化railway greening/railway planting阳台绿化balcony greening窗台绿化window-sill greening屋顶绿化roof greening垂直绿化vertical greening攀缘绿化climber greening桥头绿化bridgehead greening绿地green space绿地系统green space system城市绿地系统规划urban green space system planning 城市绿地urban green space绿地规划程序planning procedure of the green space 绿地布局green space layout绿地率ratio of green space绿地面积green area绿地资源green space resource绿地效果green space effect公共绿地public green space公共绿地定额public green space quota公共绿地指标public green space norm单位绿地unit green area街道广场绿地street and square green area居住区绿地residential quarter green area防护绿地green buffer/green area for environmental protection 郊区绿地suburban green space街坊绿地residential block green belt附属绿地attached green space专用绿地specified green space生产绿地productive plantation area绿地类型type of green space环状绿型annular green space块状绿地green plot点状绿地green spot放射状绿地radiate green space楔状绿地wedge-shaped green space缓冲绿地buffer green space防音绿地noise proof green space吸引圈attractive circle吸引距离attractive distance有效半径effective radius空间规划space planning形象规划image plan实施规划implementary plan必要生活空间necessary living space余暇生活空间leisure time living space利用频度usage frequency树种规划planning of trees and shrubs苗圃nursery谷底植栽场improved vegetation&wild life堤岸种植bank planting生态环境系统人类生态环境human ecological environment自然系统natural system自然资源natural resource自然保护conservation of nature自然保存natural preservation环境保护environmental protection环境容量environment capacity环境适宜性environment fitness环境空气质量标准ambient air quality共生symbiosis互惠共生mutualism公害public nuisance生态绝灭ecological extinction生态系统ecosystem生态圈ecosphereendangered plant / threatened plant major community artificial community green revolution outdoor recreation resource wilderness environment system modern environment system country life-pattern 生态灾难 ecological disaster 环境质量 environmental quality 环境压力 environment stress 生命维持系统life-support system 反馈系统 feedback system 自养生物autotroph 异养生物heterotroph 食物链foodchain 生物圈biosphere 濒危植物 主体群落 人工群落 绿色革命 户外娱乐资源 原始环境系统 近代环境系统 乡村生活模式 烟害 smoke pollution / fume pollution 雾害 fog pollution 霜害 frost injury 水污染 water pollution 土壤污染 soil pollution / soil contamination 园林小气候 garden microclimate 环境保护植物 environmental conservation plant 引气候调节 climatic regulation 自动调节机能homeostasis 生态平衡 ecological homeostasis 森林生态系统forest ecosystem 草原生态系统prairie ecosystem 滞尘植物 dust holding plant 野生生物迁徙wildlife migration 现状植被 树木保护 地形测量 入侵物种 环境修复 环境影响分析 environmental impact analysis 外来植物物种exotic plant species 生态影口向 ecological impact 经济影响 economic impact 边缘栖息地edge habitat 边缘限制 edge restraint 人工湿地 constructed wetlands 气候带 climate zones existing vegetation tree protection topographic survey invasive species environmental modification自然资源natural resources园林地形改造topographical reform of garden土山earth piled hill/artificial mound彳段山rockery,artificial rockwork太湖石Taihu Lake stone/water modelled stone 黄石yellowish brown stone人造假山石artificial stone/man-made stone孤赏石monolith/standing stone掇山piled stone hill/hill making叠石stones laying板石flag stone散点石scattered stone抱角石corner stone屋基石foundation stone排衙石guard stone屏石screen stone石岸rock bank石阶stone steps汀步stepping stone on water surface附壁石stone appended to wall石花台stone flower bed石凳stone bench假山石挡土墙rock retaining wall干砌石dry stone wall假山石楼梯rock stairway石亭stone pavilion石洞stone cavern石窟grotto置石stone arrangement/stone layout拱石arch stone拱顶石key stone砖和混凝土砌块墙brick and concrete block walls 石头墙stone walls木头和金属栅栏wood and metal fences园林水景water scenes of garden水体water body水面water surface水池pool水塘pond喷泉fountain喷水池fountain pool涉水池wading pool倒影池mirror pool/reflecting pool睡莲池water-lily pool喷水管布置piping schema钓鱼塘fishing pond高水位池塘high water table pond池边坐人矮墙seat wall surrounded pool隐头喷泉secret fountain岛园island garden半岛园peninsula garden小岛isle瀑布waterfall小瀑布cascade湖lake矶rock projecting over water水帘洞water curtain cave壁泉wall fountain饮水喷头drinking fountain园桥garden bridge拱桥arch bridge石板桥stone slab bridge木板桥plank bridge圆木桥log bridge亭桥pavilion bridge曲桥zigzag bridge植物配植plant arrangement树木配植arrangement of trees and shrubs 群植group planting/mass planting孤植specimen planting/isolated planting 丛植clump planting组植group planting林植forest planting列植linear planting对植opposite planting/coupled planting 环植circular planting带植belt planting散植scattered planting/loose planting边缘种植edge planting边界种植boundary planting整形种植architectural planting基础种植foundation planting角隅种植corner planting景框种植planting as enframent门卫种植guard planting篱恒种植fence planting障景种植screen planting背景种植background planting林下种植underwood planting路边种植roadside planting绿篱hedge树墙espalier庭荫树shade tree园景树specimen tree风景林amenity forest/ornamental forest 行道树avenue tree,street tree纪念林memorial forest整型树topiary tree花篱flower hedge刺篱thorny plants hedge常绿绿篱evergreen hedge落叶绿篱deciduous hedge高篱high hedge沟中边篱hah-hah fence图案矮篱pattern dwarf hedge迷宫绿篱labyrinth hedge整剪绿篱clipped hedge自然式花篱natural flowering hedge边篱boundary fence园篱garden fence/garden hedge纯林pure forest混交林mixed forest林间隙地open space in woodland杂木林spinney树冠覆盖面tree canopy草坪lawn整形草坪formal lawn开花草坪flowering lawn牧场草坪meadowy land路边花坛roadside flower bed带状花坛ribbon flower bed时钟花坛flower clock盆栽花坛potted flower bed/basined flower bed高设花台raised flower bed毛毡花坛carpet bed镶嵌花坛mosaic bed铺石花坛paved bed灌木花坛shrub bed图案花坛群parterre草药花坛herbaceous flower bed花结花坛knot bed整形花坛formal flower bed活动花坛movable flower bed花境flower border花桶flower tub植树箱planting box瓶饰garden vase灌木花境shrub border混合花境mixed border园林道路设计garden road design,garden path design漫步路trail/footway小径alley,path川草坪岛lawn island安全岛traffic island/refuge island转弯曲度turning curvature转弯半径turning radius踏面landing pitch步石stepping stone涉水踏步wading step错车甫路crazy paving path随意组合方石板路flag stone path paved at random花纹路pattern path林荫路mall林荫大道boulevard花园路parkway林间小道path in woodland种植池planting bed树池保护格栅tree grate树干保护套栏tree guard树池坐凳矮墙seatwall-surrounded planting路面线纹score line铺装，路面pavement柔性铺装，柔性路面flexible pavement刚性铺装，刚性路面rigid pavement道路pavements铺路材料，铺路机，铺石人paver铺装，铺路paving城市街道urban street道路roads道路设计要素roadway design elements道路尺寸roadway dimensions步行标准pedestrian standards平均步行距离average walking distance现状测量的线路测量route survey a survey of existing 道路定线测量alignment of route survey基础，路基subbase传统园林建筑traditional garden building 凉亭summer shelter活树亭arbor/tent arbor蘑菇亭mushroom pavilion茅亭thatched pavilion竹亭bamboo pavilion茶亭tea booth/tea kiosk回廊cloister水廊corridor on water曲廊zigzag veranda扒山廊sloping gallery楼廊two-storied gallery画舫painted pleasure boat石舫stone boat不击舟immovable pleasure boat诗条石poem-engraved stone slab月洞门moon gate园林露天剧场open garden theater园林露天舞池open garden dancing place露天音乐台outdoor music stand眺望台prospect deck繁殖温室plant propagation greenhouse展览温室public conservatory月池new-moon pool园林小品small garden ornaments磁砖壁画painted tile mural tablet园椅garden chair/garden seat园凳garden bench园桌garden table园灯garden lamp日规sundial鸟浴bird bath鸟舍bird cottage/nestle box鸟笼bird cage,bird coop悬篮hanging basket野鸟喂食器bird feeder额匾horizontal inscribed board楹联couplet written on scroll/couplet on pillar引露天烤炉open barbecue树棚living-tree pergola花架pergola花格架trellis,treillage点景牌楼naming pailou/decorated archway扶手栏杆handrail坐凳栏杆seat rail石碑stone tablet/stele园林施工garden layout/garden construction种植工程planting engineering大树移植big tree transplanting裸根移植bare root transplanting土球移植ball transplanting沟植trench planting假植heeling in/temporary planting播种草坪seeding lawn铺草皮块草坪sodding lawn假山工程rockery engineering掇山五法five methods"of rock piling等分平衡法method of making the rock equa-tional and balanced前轻后重法method of making the front part of rock lighter than the back part 上轻下重法method of lowering the center of gravity of rocks纹理统一法method of unifying the rock veins石料统一法method of unifying the rock mate-rials观赏植物观赏树木ornamental tree and shrub观叶植物foliage plant观果植物fruit-effect plant观枝干植物plants with ornamental trunks and branches 指示植物indicating plant主景植物accent plant耐湿植物damp tolerant plant抗风植物wind-resistant plant耐盐碱植物saline-alkali tolerant plan耐盐植物salt tolerant plants市花city flower市树city tree国花national flower国树national tree芳香植物fragrant plant抗污染植物pollution resistant plant环保植物environment protecting plant高山植物alpine plant岩生植物rock plant攀缘植物climbing plant/climber地被植物ground cover plant阴生植物shade plant装饰植物decorative plant装缘植物edging plant绿篱植物hedge plant草坪植物lawn plant/lawn grass花坛植物bedding plant球根植物bulbous plant宿根植物perennial plant/perennial水生植物aquatic plant/hydrophyte旱生植物xerophyte沼泽植物bog plant,swamp plant室内装饰植物indoor decorative plant/house plant切花cut flower垂枝植物pendulous plant/weeping plant缠绕植物twiner/twinning plant针叶植物needle-leaved plant阔叶植物broad-leaved plant斑叶植物variegate-leaved plant松柏植物conifer常绿植物evergreen plant半常绿植物semi-evergreen plant不耐寒植物tender plant半耐寒植物half-hardy plant耐寒植物hardy plant耐旱植物drought enduring plant盆栽植物container plants有害植物hazardous plants有毒植物noxious plants地被植物ground covers有毒植物noxious plants丛生植物package plants观赏动物ornamental animal观赏鸟类ornamental bird观赏兽类ornamental beast观赏昆虫类ornamental insect山石材料stone material昆山石Kunshan stone钟乳石stalactite灵壁石Lingbi stone英德石Yingde stone青石Qing stone宣石Xuan stone房山石Fangshan stone花园garden专类花园specified flower garden花园木寸garden village园林城市landscape garden city蔷薇园rose garden松柏园conifer garden球根园bulb garden宿根园perennial garden假山园rock garden/Chinese rockery狩猎场hunting ground街心花园street crossing center garden小游园petty street garden水景园water garden铺地园paved garden野趣园wild plants botanical garden野生植物园wild plants garden乡趣园rustic garden盆景园penjing garden,miniature landscape 动物园zoo/zoological garden墓园cemetery garden沼泽园bog and marsh garden水生植物园aquatic plants garden学校园school garden室内花园indoor garden芳香花园fragrant garden盲人花园garden for the blind日艺园Japanese garden公共花园public garden屋顶花园roof garden私家花园private garden庭院花园courtyard garden前庭front yard,forecourt后庭backyard,rear yard中庭patio厨园kitchen yard沉［床］园sunken garden窗园window garden墙园wall garden宅园home garden台地园terrace garden冬园winter garden切花园cut flower garden屋顶花园roof garden后花园back yard garden公园park,public park城市公园city park,urban park区公园regional park儿童公园children park体育公园sports park森林公园forest park纪念公园memorial park烈士纪念公园martyr memorial park综合公园comprehensive park文化公园cultural park文化休憩公园cultural and recreation park 中央公园central park天然公园natural park海滨公园seaside park/seabeach park古迹公园historic site park河滨公园riverside park湖滨公园lakeside park路边公园roadside park/street park娱乐公园amusement park雕塑公园sculpture park休憩公园recreation park疗养公园sanatorium park国家公园national park邻里公园neighborhood park特种公园special park植物园botanical garden植物公园abeled plants park高山植物园alpine garden热带植物园tropical plants garden药用植物园medical plants garden/herb garden 风景landscape,scenery自然景观natural landscape人文景观human landscape/scenery of humanities 草原景观prairie landscape山岳景观mountain landscape/alpine landscape地理景观geographical landscape湖泊景观lake view郊区景观suburban landscape地质景观geological landscape喀斯特景观karst landscape植物景观plants landscape/flora landscape中国园林史中国古典园林classical Chinese garden中国传统园林traditional Chinese garden中国古代园林ancient Chinese garden中国山水园Chinese mountain and water garden帝王宫苑imperial palace garden皇家园林royal garden私家园林private garden江南园林garden on the Yangtze Delta西方园林史西方古典园林western classical garden英国式园林English style garden中英混合式园林Anglo-Chinese style garden意大利式园林Italian style garden西班牙式园林Spanish style garden法兰西式园林French style garden勒诺特尔式园林Le Notre's style garden文艺复兴庄园Renaissance style villa洛可可式园林Rococo style garden巴洛克式园林Baroque style garden庄园manor/villa garden廊柱园peristyle garden/patio绿廊xystus迷阵maze,labyrinth典型中西园林灵囿Ling You Hunting Garden灵沼Ling Zhao Water Garden灵台Ling Tai Platform Garden阿房宫E-Pang Palace上林苑Shang-Lin Yuan未央宫Wei-Yang Palace洛阳宫Luoyang Palace华清官Hua-Qing Palace艮岳Gen Yue Imperial Garden圆明园Yuan-Ming Yuan Imperial Garden颐和园Yi-He Yuan Imperial Garden/Summer Palace 承德避暑山庄Chengde Imperial Summer Resort苏州园林Suzhou traditional garden悬园Hanging Garden英国皇家植物园Royal Botanical Garden/Kew garden 凡尔赛宫苑Versailles Palace Park枫丹白露宫园 Fontainebleau Palace Garden 风景资源调查 landscape resource evaluation 风景学 scenicology风景规划 landscape plan风景设计 landscape design游览路线touring route旅游资源 tourism resource旅游地理 tourism geography旅游地质 tourism geology历史名城 famous historical city文化名城 famous cultural city文化遗址 ancient cultural relic天然博物馆 natural open museum 风景地貌 natural geomorphology 造型地貌 imaginative geomorphologic figuration 风景区 scenic spot / scenic area风景名胜 famous scenery / famous scenic site 特异景观风景区 specific natural scenes area 民族风俗风景区 scenic spot of minority customs 高山风景区 alpine scenic spot海滨风景区 seabeach scenic spot 森林风景区 forest scenic spot高山草甸风景区 alpine tundra landscape spot 峡谷风景区 江河风景区 湖泊风景区 温泉风景区 瀑布风景区 禁伐禁猎区 封山育林区 天池风景区 自然保护区 科学保护区 天然纪念物natural monument生物圈保护区 biosphere protection area valley scenic spotriver landscape district lake round scenic spot hot spring scenic spot waterfall scenic spot region forbidden to tree cutting and hunting region closed for afforestation crater lake scenic spot nature protection area protection area for scientific research 园林形式garden style规整式园林 formal garden style非规整园林 informal garden style 几何式园林 geometric garden style 自然式园林 natural garden style混合式园 mixed garden style近代巴洛克式园林modern Baroque style马克斯抽象园林R.B.Marx abstract garden园林艺术景view,scenery/feature远景distant view近景nearby view障景obstructive scenery,blocking view借景borrowed scenery/view borrowing对景opposite scenery/view in opposite place缩景miniature scenery/abbreviated scenery漏景leaking through scenery框景enframed scenery尾景terminal feature主景main feature副景secondary feature配景objective view夹景vista line,vista前景front view背景background景序order of sceneries景点feature spot/view spot仰视景观upward landscape俯视景观downward landscape季相景观seasonal phenomena气象景观meteorological diversity scenery视野visual field秋色fall color/autumn color园林空间garden space开敞空间wide open space/wide space封闭空间enclosure space意境artistic conception,poetic imagery苍古antiquity空灵spaciousness/airiness动观in-motion viewing静观in-position viewing视错觉visual illusion园林艺术布局artistic layout of garden对称平衡symmetrical balance不对称平衡asymmetrical balance左右对称bilateral symmetry辐射对称radial symmetry透景线perspective line轴线axis/axial line主车由main axis副轴auxiliary axis暗轴hidden axis/invisible axis树冠线skyline园林色彩艺术art of garden colors单色谐调monochromatic harmony复色谐调compound chromatic harmony对比色突出contrast colors accent近似色谐调approximate colors harmony暖色warm color冷色cool color色感color sense道路系统approach system,road system环形道路系统circular road system方格形道路系统latticed road system放射形道路系统radiate road system自然式道路系统informal road system规整式道路系统formal road system混合式道路系统mixed style road system机动车交通系统vehicular circulation systems园区管理游人调查visitors investigation游人统计visitors statistics游人分析garden visitors analysis游人管理visitors management导游图tourist map导游食军说tour descri ption and direction劳动管理labour management物资管理material handling,goods handling设备管理equipment management/facility management 财务管理financial management安全管理safety management环境监测environmental monitor植物养护管理plant maintenance and management园林技术管理garden technical management质量管理quality management园貌维修garden feature maintenance植物整形修剪plant trimming and pruning植物病虫防治disease and insect control园林管理规划management plan游人意见处理treatment of visitors opinions游人规则visitors regulation园内交通管理traffic control in park园外交通管理traffic control out of park entrance汽车停车规则parking rules自行车停放规则bicycle parking rules开放时间opening time日常清洁卫生管理daily sanitation and hygiene management 园林设备garden equipment园林机械garden machine园林工具garden instrument/garden implement花坛分界隔板plastic bed divider种植容器planting container圆木桩log peg喷射装置jet bubbler滴灌trickle irrigator/drip irrigator环动喷灌器circle sprinkler圆筒喷灌器rotor sprinkler自控器automatic controller管端喷灌器hose end sprinkler固定喷灌器stationary sprinkler喷雾喷灌器mist sprinkler/spray head sprinkler喷灌覆盖面sprinkler coverage草坪加肥器lawn feeder施肥喷灌器combined feeder and sprinkler液肥混合调配器liquid fertilizer mixer-proportioner滴水喷头emitter/dripper水土保持塑料网erosion control plastic net苗木包装材料nursery stock package material麻布袋burlap bag铁丝篮wire basket篮状种植器basket container塑料苗木桶plastic nurserican播种盘seed tray网孔盆mesh pot含肥泥炭盆fertile peat pot盆栽机potting machine换盆机repotting machine再生纸种植器reclaimed paper container纤维育苗器wood fiber plant grower泥炭压制播种饼peat seeding pellet/peat seeding starter 松土除草机cultivator旋转锄rotary hoe切叶机foliage cutter翻地犁uncovering plough盖土机mounted spreader前悬装土机front mounted loader后缀装土机rear mounted loader旋轴剪草机spindle mower栽植机planting machine植物覆盖plant mulching覆盖物分散机mulch spreader种子液肥喷洒机hydro seeder修枝剪pruning shear播种器garden seeder球根种植器bulb planter土壤酸度探测器pH-value computer巴效分析器fertilizer analyzer嫁接刀grafting knife温室设备greenhouse equipment盆栽灌水系统pot watering system温室气候控制器greenhouse climate controller 温室覆盖greenhouse covering喷雾自控系统automatic mist control system 二氧化碳发生器C02generator温度报警钟temperature alarm游览车park sightseeing bus引剪草机lawn mower动力剪草机power lawnmower畜力剪草机horse lawnmower手推剪草机hand lawnmower专用词：美国规划师协会（APA）American Planning Association环境影响报告书（EIS）environmental impact statement国家环境政策法案（NEPA）National Environmental Policy Act国家污染物排放削减（NPDES）the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System 地理信息系统（GIS）Geographic Information System景观系数（KL）Landscape Coefficient（KL）土地保护局水土保持局的径流曲线数值法SCS Runoff Curve Number Method州环境政策法案（SEPAs）state environmental policy acts水相关污水处理wastewater treatment用水需求water demand水景，水体特征water feature喷灌泵display pumps蒸发evaporation水景效果water effects水质Water Quality水质容积water quality volume水源保护water resource protection水源water resource给水water supply流域watershed泄水孔weep hole湿滞留池wet detention ponds水压pressure灰水graywater循环使用的水recycled water地表水surface water地表水供应surface water supplies雨水蓄积，暴雨蓄积stormwater storage雨水排水管storm sewers雨水管理，暴雨管理stormwater management雨水高峰排放量stormwater peak discharge雨水径流系数stormwater runoff coefficients雨水径流估算stormwater runoff estimating雨水蓄积stormwater storage喷头选择和布置head selection and layout沉淀率，喷水速率precipitation rate咸水（海水）侵入saltwater intrusion砂滤池，砂滤层sand filters市政排水系统sewer systems municipal地表水膜，水膜浅流，层流，片流sheet flow循环水recycled water（地下水）补给沟渠recharge trenches地下水保护groundwater protection地下水补给groundwater recharge地下水资源，地下水储量groundwater resources饮用水potable water降雨，降水量precipitation自然排水道natural drainageways暴雨stormwater湿度，含水量，水汽含量moisture content市政NE水系统municipal sewer systems灌溉irrigation灌溉池塘irrigation ponds灌溉系统irrigation systems灌溉水源sources of irrigation water耗水量低的滴灌系统low-volume drip system渗透床infiltration beds渗透池infiltration ponds渗透井infiltration wells雨水渗透stormwater infiltration不渗透地面比例impervious surface ratio法式排水French drains基座处排水，立足点排水footing drains结冻-融化周期frost-thaw cycle结冻深度，冰冻深度frost depth滤器，滤池，过滤,滤水filter strips过滤filtration过滤系统filtration systems雨水径流［量］stormwater runoff估算水流量estimating water flows土壤水分蒸发蒸腾损失总量速率evapotranspiration rate 不连续的非渗透地面disconnected imperviousness排水drainage排水系统drainage system饮用水drinking water干滞池dry detention ponds涵洞,暗沟，管道culverts雨水的输送技术stormwater conveyance techniques连续的非渗透地面connected imperviousness雨水沟渠，槽，渠道channels/stormwater环流模式circulation patterns城市河流urban streams地下排水subdrain水泵pumps水库构筑物，蓄水池，贮器reservoir structures分散式污水处理系统on-site treatment systems造价相关估算/费用估算estimate/cost estimate估算类型types of estimate详细估算（偏差幅度最小的估算）defined estimate设备估算equipment estimate分析估算analysis estimate报价估算roposal estimate控制估算control estimate初期控制估算interim control estimate/initial control estimate批准的控制估算initial approved cost核定估算check estimate首次核定估算first check estimate二次核定估算production check estimate人工时估算man hour estimate造价估算cost estimating造价累计cost plus人工费labor costs材料费用material cost直接材料费用direct material cost设备费用equipment cost设备购买费用purchased cost of equipment设备人工费equipment crew costs散装材料费用bulk material cost散装材料购买费用purchased cost of bulk material施工费用construction cost施工人工费用labor cost/construction force cost设备安装人工费用labor cost associated with equipment散装材料施工安装人工费用labor cost associated with bulk materials 人工时估算定额standard manhours施工人工时估算定额standard labor manhours标准工时定额standard hours劳动生产率labor productivity/productivity factor/productivity ratio 修正的人工时估算值adjusted manhours人工时单价manhours rate施工监督费用cost of construction supervision施工间接费用cost of contraction indirects分包合同费用subcontract cost现场施工分包合同费用field subcontract cost公司本部费用home office cost公司管理费用overhead非工资费用non payroll。
(完整版)景观专业中英文对照表
景观中英文对照表（一）Landscape Design Development Package 景观扩初设计图册Drawing Schedule 图纸目录Sheet No 纸页号码Description 图画说明Sheet Size 纸页尺寸Revision Reference 修正参考Additional Drawing 图纸附加Deleted Drawing 图纸册除Remarks 备注Drawing File Name 图画名词Internal Drawing Date 内部绘图日期Internal Revision Date 内部修正日期Cover Sheet 封面纸页Materials Schedule 物科目录General Legend 一般图例Standard Symbols & Abbreviations 标准象微及简写Landscape Plans (LP-) (Bound Separately) 景观设计平面图（分开缚装）Reference Plan 指引图Part 01 第一部分Client 业主Project 项目Scale 比例Designed By 设计者Drawn By 绘图者Checked By 检查者Approved By 批核者Setting-Out Plan 定位图Levels/Drainage/Irrigation Plan 标高和给排水图Materials Plan 物科图Lighting Plan 照明配置图Landscape Sections 景观设计部面图Typical Planter Details 标准种植槽详图Typical Overflow/Planter Drain Detail 标准溢流／种植槽排水详图Typical Waterpoint Detail 标准灌溉供水口详图Typical Planter Wall Detail 标准种植槽墙详图Typical Driveway/Planter Curb Detail 标准车道／种植槽道牙详图Floating Tree Collar Detail 01 (Typical) 悬浮树环详图Typical Flushed Planter Detail 标准及地面时种植槽详图Typical Trench Drain Detail 标准排水沟详图Typical Step & Wall Details 标准台阶和墙壁详图Steps Detail 台阶详图Step Lawn Detail 台阶草坪详图Typical Wheel Guard Detail 标准保安轮详图Typical Gate Detail 标准闸门详图Seatwall Detail 座墙详图Railing Detail 栋杆详图Typical Fence Detail 标准围墙详图Endpost detail 端柱详图Paving Details (LD-3) 铺地详图Paving 01 铺地Typical Void Deck Detail 标准架空层详图Typical Footpath Detail 标准行人步道详图Typical Timber Deck Detail 标准木平台详图Typical Crazy cut pattern detail 标准不规则切割平图案详图Stepping stone detail 01 (Typical) 踏步石详图 01 (标准）Typical Grass Ring Paver Detail 标准植草圈铺图案详图Pool Paving Detail 泳池铺地详图Linear Stepping Stone & Linear Stone Layers 线性踏步石及线性石层Typical Safety Matt Detail 标准安全垫详图Basketball Court & Paving Accessories Detail 篮球场及铺地附件详图Landscape Features 特色景观Water Feature 01 特色水景Feature Pot Detail 特色盆详图Pavilion 01 (Typical) 凉亭 01 （标准）View Pavilion 视图凉亭Sunken Pool Bar 沉下式泳池酒吧Typical Guardhouse Detail 标准保安亭详图Filtration Pump Room 过滤泵室Water Falls Detail 瀑布详图Ramp Trellis 斜坡花架Trellis 花架Bridge 架桥Signage Wall 标志板墙Vent Detail 通风详图Swimming Pool & Jacuzzi Details 游泳池和温泉详图 Pool Reference Plan 泳池指引图 Pool Setting Out 泳池定位图 Pool Edge 01 泳池边缘 01 Pool Steps Details 泳池台阶详图 Sunken Pool Lounge 沉下式泳池休憩 Kid’s Pool 儿童泳池 Jacuzzi Detail按摩池详图 Landscape Lighting Details景观照明详图Pole Top Luminaire (Single Lamp Head) (With Banner) 柱顶灯具 （单头） Bollard Light矮柱灯Wall / Column Mounted Luminaire 挂墙 / 柱式灯具 Garden Floodlight with Earth Spike 花园插地式泛光灯 Garden Floodlight with mounting clamp 花园挂树式泛光灯 Recess-Mounted Wall Luminaire 嵌藏墙灯具Recess-Mounted Stair Steps Luminaire 嵌藏楼梯台阶灯具 （A 型） Drive-Over In-Ground Uplights埋地车道泛光灯Drive-Over Location Luminaire – Type M (5 or more sides light beam)车道位置灯具 M 型 （五或更多边灯光线）Under Water Floodlight (Recess-Mount) 水底泛光灯 （嵌藏） Under Water Floodlight (Surface-Mount) 水底泛光灯 （嵌表面） Swimming Pool Luminaire (Recess-Mount) 泳池灯具（嵌藏） Connecting Pillar连接柱Sports/Area (Post-Type) Floodlight (Single Lamp Head)运动 / 区单头柱泛光灯Feature Column Light特色柱灯 Site Furniture Details (LD-7) 家具设置详图 Fitness Equipment 健身工具 Play Equipment 01 游乐工具 01 Parasol 阳伞 Pool Lounger 01 泳池躺椅 Outdoor Furniture 露天家具 Rockwork Details石景详图 Pond Edge Reference Plan 池塘边缘指引图 Continue续集Pond Edge Setting-Out Plan 池塘边缘定位图 Pond Edge (Type A) 池塘边缘 （A 型） Water Cascade Detail 01 水瀑布详图 General Notes概话说明This Landscape Design Development Detail Drawing Package is to be read in conjunction with the following notes: 阅览此景观扩初设计图册时，需结合以下设计要修重点说明并使用。
某城市中心景观概念规划设计方案英文版(PPT124页)
1995
San Francisco, California
1996 *
International Planning
Workshop–
Suzhou, China
Wilkes Barre, Pennsylvania
2005
1997
Irvine, California
1998
Petra, Jordan
1999
Miami Beach, Florida
某城市中心景观概念规划设计方案英 文版(PP T124 页)
某城市中心景观概念规划设计方案英 文版(PP T124 页)
Manchester, England 2006
Recent Programmes
Suzhou, China 1996
EDAW Professional Intern
某城市中心景观概念规划设计方案英 文版(PP T124 页)
某城市中心景观概念规划设计方案英 文版(PP T124 页)
Sponsors • Manchester City Council
• Manchester Metropolitan University and Business School
1989
San Francisco, California
1990
Alexandria, Virginia
1991
Atlanta, Georgia
1993
Seattle, Washington
1994 Park & the Colorado
Rocky Mountain Nat’l Town of Estes,
• Mick Timpson, Design Director EDAW Manchester
景观设计要素专业术语 英文大全
景观设计要素专业术语英文大全(喜欢请转)来源：邓卓迪的日志2.0001 园林学 landscape architecture, garden ar-chitecture2.0002 造园学 garden making, landscape garden-ing2.0003 环境园艺学 environmental horticulture2.0004 观赏园艺学 ornamental horticulture2.0005 园林艺术 garden art2.0006 园林美学 garden aesthetics2.0007 园林建筑学 garden architecture2.0008 园林建筑 garden building2.0009 园林工程 garden engineering2.0010 园林植物 landscape plant2.0011 观赏植物 ornamental plant2.0012 盆景 miniature landscape, penjing2.0013 园林 garden and park2.0014 园林学史 history of garden architecture2.0015 园林规划 garden planning, landscaping planning2.0016 园林设计 garden design2.0017 园林机具设备gardening machine2.0018 园林管理 garden management2.0019 园林生态 landscape ecology2.0020 绿化 greening, planting2.0021 环境绿化 environmental greening2.0022 绿地面积 green area2.0023 绿地率 ratio of green space2.0024 城市绿化覆盖率urban green coverage2.0025 工厂绿化 factory greening, factory garden-ing2.0026 街道绿化 street greening, street planting2.0027 车行道绿化driveway greening2.0028 分车带绿化dividing stripe greening2.0029 人行道绿化sidewalk greening2.0030 群众绿化 mass planting movement2.0031 郊区绿化 suburban greening2.0032 公路绿化 highway greening2.0033 铁路绿化 railway greening, railway planting2.0034 堤岸种植 bank planting2.0035 阳台绿化 balcony greening2.0036 窗台绿化 window-sill greening2.0037 屋顶绿化 roof greening2.0038 垂直绿化 vertical greening2.0039 攀缘绿化 climber greening2.0040 桥头绿化 bridgehead greening2.0041 花园 garden2.0042 专类花园 specified flower garden2.0043 花园村 garden village2.0044 园林城市 landscape garden city2.0045 蔷薇园 rose garden2.0046 松柏园 conifer garden2.0047 球根园 bulb garden2.0048 宿根园 perennial garden2.0049 假山园 rock garden, Chinese rockery2.0050 狩猎场 hunting ground2.0051 街心花园 street crossing center garden2.0052 小游园 petty street garden2.0053 水景园 water garden2.0054 铺地园 paved garden2.0055 野趣园 wild plants botanical garden2.0056 野生植物园wild plants garden2.0057 乡趣园 rustic garden2.0058 盆景园 penjing garden, miniature land-scape 2.0059 动物园 zoo, zoological garden2.0060 墓园 cemetery garden2.0061 沼泽园 bog and marsh garden2.0062 水生植物园aquatic plants garden2.0063 学校园 school garden2.0064 室内花园 indoor garden2.0065 芳香花园 fragrant garden2.0066 盲人花园 garden for the blind2.0067 公园 park, public park2.0068 城市公园 city park, urban park2.0069 区公园 regional park2.0070 儿童公园 children park2.0071 体育公园 sports park2.0072 森林公园 forest park2.0073 纪念公园 memorial park2.0074 烈士纪念公园martyr memorial park2.0075 综合公园 comprehensive park2.0076 文化公园 cultural park2.0077 文化休憩公园cultural and recreation park 2.0078 中央公园 central park2.0079 天然公园 natural park2.0080 海滨公园 seaside park, seabeach park2.0081 古迹公园 historic site park2.0082 河滨公园 riverside park2.0083 湖滨公园 lakeside park2.0084 路边公园 roadside park, street park2.0085 娱乐公园 amusement park2.0086 雕塑公园 sculpture park2.0087 休憩公园 recreation park2.0088 疗养公园 sanatorium park2.0089 国家公园 national park2.0090 邻里公园 neighborhood park2.0091 特种公园 special park2.0092 植物园 botanical garden2.0093 植物公园 abeled plants park2.0094 高山植物园 alpine garden2.0095 热带植物园 tropical plants garden2.0096 药用植物园 medical plants garden, herb garden2.0097 绿地 green space2.0098 公共绿地 public green space2.0099 单位绿地 unit green area2.0100 城市绿地 urban green space2.0101 街道广场绿地street and square green area2.0102 居住区绿地 residential quarter green area2.0103 防护绿地 green area for environmental protection2.0104 郊区绿地 suburban green space2.0105 街坊绿地 residential block green belt2.0106 附属绿地 attached green space2.0107 生产绿地 productive plantation area2.0108 苗圃 nursery2.0109 风景 landscape, scenery2.0110 自然景观 natural landscape2.0111 人文景观 human landscape, scenery of humanities2.0112 草原景观 prairie landscape2.0113 山岳景观 mountain landscape, alpine landscape2.0114 地理景观 geographical landscape2.0115 湖泊景观 lake view2.0116 郊区景观 suburban landscape2.0117 地质景观 geological landscape2.0118 喀斯特景观 karst landscape2.0119 植物景观 plants landscape, flora landscape02.2 园林史02.2.1 中国园林史2.0120 中国古典园林classical Chinese garden2.0121 中国传统园林traditional Chinese garden2.0122 中国古代园林ancient Chinese garden2.0123 中国山水园 Chinese mountain and water garden2.0124 帝王宫苑 imperial palace garden2.0125 皇家园林 royal garden2.0126 私家园林 private garden2.0127 江南园林 garden on the Yangtze Delta02.2.2 西方园林史2.0128 西方古典园林 western classical garden2.0129 英国式园林 English style garden2.0130 中英混合式园林Anglo-Chinese style garden2.0131 意大利式园林 Italian style garden2.0132 西班牙式园林 Spanish style garden2.0133 法兰西式园林 French style garden2.0134 勒诺特尔式园林Le Notre's style garden2.0135 文艺复兴庄园 Renaissance style villa2.0136 洛可可式园林 Rococo style garden2.0137 巴洛克式园林 Baroque style garden2.0138 庄园 manor, villa garden2.0139 廊柱园 peristyle garden, patio2.0140 绿廊 xystus2.0141 迷阵 maze, labyrinth02.2.3 典型中西园林2.0142 灵囿 Ling You Hunting Garden2.0143 灵沼 Ling Zhao Water Garden2.0144 灵台 Ling Tai Platform Garden2.0145 阿房宫 E-Pang Palace2.0146 上林苑 Shang-Lin Yuan2.0147 未央宫 Wei-Yang Palace2.0148 洛阳宫 Luoyang Palace2.0149 华清官 Hua-Qing Palace2.0150 艮岳 Gen Yue Imperial Garden2.0151 圆明园 Yuan-Ming Yuan Imperial Garden2.0152 颐和园 Yi-He Yuan Imperial Garden,Summer Palace2.0153 承德避暑山庄Chengde Imperial Summer Resort2.0154 苏州园林 Suzhou traditional garden2.0155 悬园 Hanging Garden2.0156 英国皇家植物园Royal Botanical Garden, Kew garden2.0157 凡尔赛宫苑 Versailles Palace Park2.0158 枫丹白露宫园 Fontainebleau Palace Garden02.3 园林艺术2.0159 景 view, scenery, feature2.0160 远景 distant view2.0161 近景 nearby view2.0162 障景 obstructive scenery, blocking view2.0163 借景 borrowed scenery, view borrowing2.0164 对景 opposite scenery, view in opposite place2.0165 缩景 miniature scenery, abbreviated scenery2.0166 漏景 leaking through scenery2.0167 框景 enframed scenery2.0168 尾景 terminal feature2.0169 主景 main feature2.0170 副景 secondary feature2.0171 配景 objective view2.0172 夹景 vista line, vista2.0173 前景 front view2.0174 背景 background2.0175 景序 order of sceneries2.0176 景点 feature spot, view spot2.0177 仰视景观 upward landscape2.0178 俯视景观 downward landscape2.0179 季相景观 seasonal phenomena2.0180 气象景观 meteorological diversity scenery2.0181 视野 visual field2.0182 秋色fall color, autumn color2.0183 园林空间 garden space2.0184 开敞空间 wide open space, wide space2.0185 封闭空间 enclosure space2.0186 意境 artistic conception, poetic imagery2.0187 苍古 antiquity2.0188 空灵 spaciousness, airiness2.0189 动观 in-motion viewing2.0190 静观 in-position viewing2.0191 视错觉 visual illusion2.0192 园林艺术布局artistic layout of garden2.0193 对称平衡 symmetrical balance2.0194 不对称平衡asymmetrical balance2.0195 左右对称 bilateral symmetry2.0196 辐射对称 radial symmetry2.0197 透景线 perspective line2.0198 轴线 axis, axial line2.0199 主轴 main axis2.0200 副轴 auxiliary axis2.0201 暗轴 hidden axis, invisible axis2.0202 树冠线 skyline2.0203 园林色彩艺术 art of garden colors2.0204 单色谐调 monochromatic harmony2.0205 复色谐调 compound chromatic harmony2.0206 对比色突出 contrast colors accent2.0207 近似色谐调 approximate colors harmony2.0208 暖色 warm color2.0209 冷色 cool color2.0210 色感 color sense2.0211 城市绿地系统规划 urban green space system planning2.0212 绿地系统 green space system2.0213 公共绿地定额 public green space quota2.0214 公共绿地指标 public green space norm2.0215 绿地布局 green space layout2.0216 吸引圈 attractive circle2.0217 吸引距离 attractive distance2.0218 有效半径 effective radius2.0219 绿地资源 green space resource2.0220 绿地效果 green space effect2.0221 绿地规划程序 planning procedure of the green space2.0222 空间规划 space planning2.0223 形象规划 image plan2.0224 实施规划 implementary plan2.0225 必要生活空间 necessary living space2.0226 余暇生活空间 leisure time living space2.0227 利用频度 usage frequency2.0228 树种规划 planning of trees and shrubs2.0229 绿地类型 type of green space2.0230 环状绿型 annular green space2.0231 块状绿地 green plot2.0232 点状绿地 green spot2.0233 放射状绿地 radiate green space2.0234 楔状绿地 wedge-shaped green space2.0235 缓冲绿地 buffer green space2.0236 防音绿地 noiseproof green space2.0237 科学景观论 scientific landscape theory2.0238 园林保留地 reserve garden2.0239 公园规划 park planning2.0240 园林总体规划 garden master planning2.0241 总平面规划 site planning2.0242 园林分区 garden zoning2.0243 安静休息区 tranquil rest area2.0244 儿童活动区 children playing space2.0245 儿童游戏场 children playground, playlot2.0246 体育运动区 sports activities area2.0247 野餐区 picnic place2.0248 散步区 pedestrian space2.0249 群众集会区mass meeting square2.0250 观赏植物区ornamental plants area2.0251 观赏温室区display greenhouse area, display conservatory area2.0252 草坪区 lawn space2.0253 绿荫区 shade tree section2.0254 历史古迹区 historical relics area2.0255 青少年活动区 youngsters activities area2.0256 诱鸟区 bird sanctuary area2.0257 钓鱼区 fishing center2.0258 野营区 camp site2.0259 游人中心 visitors center2.0260 服务中心 service center2.0261 探险游乐场 adventure ground2.0262 文化活动区 cultural activities area2.0263 道路系统 approach system, road system2.0264 环形道路系统 circular road system2.0265 方格形道路系统 latticed road system2.0266 放射形道路系统 radiate road system2.0267 自然式道路系统 informal road system2.0268 规整式道路系统 formal road system2.0269 混合式道路系统 mixed style road system2.0270 园林规划图 garden planning map2.0271 园林规划说明书 garden planning direction2.0272 城市公园系统 urban park system2.0273 公园分布 distribution of parks2.0274 公园类型 park type, park category2.0275 公园间距 distance between parks2.0276 公园形式 park styles2.0277 游览区 excursion area, open-to-public area2.0278 非游览区 no-admittance area2.0279 办公区 administrative area2.0280 服务区 service center2.0281 动休息区 dynamic rest space2.0282 静休息区 static rest space2.0283 娱乐演出区 entertaining performance place2.0284 主要入口 main entrance2.0285 次要入口 secondary entrance2.0286 人流量 visitors flowrate2.0287 车流量 vehicle flowrate2.0288 公园道路 park road2.0289 公园水陆面积比率land-water ratio2.0290 游人容纳量 visitors capacity2.0291 风景资源调查landscape resource evaluation2.0292 风景学 scenicology2.0293 风景规划 landscape plan2.0294 风景设计 landscape design2.0295 游览路线 touring route2.0296 旅游资源 tourism resource2.0297 旅游地理 tourism geography2.0298 旅游地质 tourism geology2.0299 历史名城 famous historical city2.0300 文化名城 famous cultural city2.0301 文化遗址 ancient cultural relic2.0302 天然博物馆 natural open museum2.0303 风景地貌 natural geomorphology2.0304 造型地貌 imaginative geomorphologic figuration2.0305 风景区 scenic spot, scenic area2.0306 风景名胜 famous scenery, famous scenic site2.0307 特异景观风景区specific natural scenes area2.0308 民族风俗风景区scenic spot of minority customs2.0309 高山风景区 alpine scenic spot2.0310 海滨风景区 seabeach scenic spot2.0311 森林风景区 forest scenic spot2.0312 高山草甸风景区alpine tundra landscape spot2.0313 峡谷风景区 valley scenic spot2.0314 江河风景区 river landscape district2.0315 湖泊风景区 lake round scenic spot2.0316 温泉风景区 hot spring scenic spot2.0317 瀑布风景区 waterfall scenic spot2.0318 禁伐禁猎区 region forbidden to tree cutting and hunting2.0319 封山育林区 region closed for afforestation2.0320 天池风景区 crater lake scenic spot2.0321 自然保护区 nature protection area2.0322 科学保护区 protection area for scientific research2.0323 天然纪念物 natural monument2.0324 生物圈保护区 biosphere protection area02.5 园林设计2.0325 园林设计师 landscape architect, garden designer2.0326 园址测量图 garden site survey map2.0327 地形图 topographic map, contour map2.0328 种植设计 planting design2.0329 地形改造设计topographical reform design2.0330 种植大样图detail planting design2.0331 造价分析 cost analysis2.0332 园林形式 garden style2.0333 规整式园林 formal garden style2.0334 非规整园林 informal garden style2.0335 几何式园林 geometric garden style2.0336 自然式园林 natural garden style2.0337 混合式园林 mixed garden style2.0338 近代巴洛克式园林 modern Baroque style2.0339 马克斯抽象园林 R.B. Marx abstract garden2.0340 园林区划 garden area division2.0341 园林分区规划 garden block planning2.0342 庭院花园 courtyard garden2.0343 前庭 front yard, forecourt2.0344 后庭 back yard, rear yard2.0345 中庭 patio2.0346 厨园 kitchen yard2.0347 沉[床]园 sunken garden2.0348 窗园 window garden2.0349 墙园 wall garden2.0350 宅园 home garden2.0351 台地园 terrace garden2.0352 冬园 winter garden2.0353 切花园 cut flower garden2.0354 屋顶花园 roof garden2.0355 后花园 back yard garden2.0356 园林地形改造 topographical reform of garden2.0357 土山 earth piled hill, artificial mound2.0358 假山 rockery, artificial rockwork2.0359 太湖石 Taihu Lake stone, water modelled stone2.0360 黄石 yellowish brown stone2.0361 人造假山石 artificial stone, man-made stone2.0362 孤赏石 monolith, standing stone2.0363 掇山 piled stone hill, hill making2.0364 叠石 stones laying2.0365 板石 flag stone2.0366 散点石 scattered stone2.0367 抱角石 corner stone2.0368 屋基石 foundation stone2.0369 排衙石 guard stone2.0370 屏石 screen stone2.0371 石岸 rock bank2.0372 石阶 stone steps2.0373 汀步 stepping stone on water surface2.0374 附壁石 stone appended to wall2.0375 石花台 stone flower bed2.0376 石凳 stone bench2.0377 假山石挡土墙 rock retaining wall2.0378 干砌石 dry stone wall2.0379 假山石楼梯 rock stairway2.0380 石亭 stone pavilion2.0381 石洞 stone cavern2.0382 石窟 grotto2.0383 置石 stone arrangement, stone layout2.0384 拱石 arch stone2.0385 拱顶石 key stone2.0386 园林水景 water scenes of garden2.0387 水体 water body2.0388 水面 water surface2.0389 水池 pool2.0390 水塘 pond2.0391 喷泉 fountain2.0392 喷水池 fountain pool2.0393 涉水池 wading pool2.0394 倒影池 mirror pool, reflecting pool2.0395 睡莲池 water-lily pool2.0396 喷水管布置 piping schema2.0397 钓鱼塘 fishing pond2.0398 高水位池塘 high water table pond2.0399 池边坐人矮墙 seat wall surrounded pool2.0400 隐头喷泉 secret fountain2.0401 岛园 Island garden2.0402 半岛园 peninsula garden2.0403 小岛 isle2.0404 瀑布 waterfall2.0405 小瀑布 cascade2.0406 湖 lake2.0407 矶 rock projecting over water2.0408 水帘洞 water curtain cave2.0409 园桥 garden bridge2.0410 拱桥 arch bridge2.0411 石板桥 stone slab bridge2.0412 木板桥 plank bridge2.0413 圆木桥 log bridge2.0414 亭桥 pavilion bridge2.0415 曲桥 zigzag bridge2.0416 壁泉 wall fountain2.0417 饮水喷头 drinking fountain2.0418 植物配植 plant arrangement2.0419 树木配植 arrangement of trees and shrubs2.0420 群植 group planting, mass planting2.0421 孤植 specimen planting, isolated planting2.0422 丛植 clump planting2.0423 组植 group planting2.0424 林植 forest planting2.0425 列植 linear planting2.0426 对植 opposite planting, coupled planting2.0427 环植 circular planting2.0428 带植 belt planting2.0429 散植 scattered planting, loose planting2.0430 边缘种植 edge planting2.0431 边界种植 boundary planting2.0432 整形种植 architectural planting2.0433 基础种植 foundation planting2.0434 角隅种植 corner planting2.0435 景框种植 planting as enframent2.0436 门卫种植 guard planting2.0437 篱恒种植 fence planting2.0438 障景种植 screen planting2.0439 背景种植 background planting2.0440 林下种植 underwood planting2.0441 路边种植 roadside planting2.0442 绿篱 hedge2.0443 树墙 espalier2.0444 庭荫树 shade tree2.0445 园景树 specimen tree2.0446 风景林 amenity forest, ornamental forest2.0447 行道树 avenue tree, street tree2.0448 纪念林 memorial forest2.0449 整型树 topiary tree2.0450 花篱 flower hedge'2.0451 刺篱 thorny plants hedge2.0452 常绿绿篱 evergreen hedge2.0453 落叶绿篱 deciduous hedge2.0454 高篱 high hedge2.0455 沟中边篱 hah-hah fence2.0456 图案矮篱 pattern dwarf hedge2.0457 迷宫绿篱 labyrinth hedge2.0458 整剪绿篱 clipped hedge2.0459 自然式花篱 natural flowering hedge2.0460 边篱 boundary fence2.0461 园篱 garden fence, garden hedge2.0462 纯林 pure forest2.0463 混交林 mixed forest2.0464 林间隙地 open space in woodland2.0465 杂木林 spinney2.0466 树冠覆盖面 tree canopy2.0467 草坪 lawn2.0468 整形草坪 formal lawn2.0469 开花草坪 flowering lawn2.0470 牧场草坪 meadowy land2.0471 花坛 flower bed2.0472 路边花坛 roadside flower bed2.0473 带状花坛 ribbon flower bed2.0474 时钟花坛 flower clock2.0475 盆栽花坛 potted flower bed, basined flower bed2.0476 高设花台 raised flower bed2.0477 毛毡花坛 carpet bed2.0478 镶嵌花坛 mosaic bed2.0479 铺石花坛 paved bed2.0480 灌木花坛 shrub bed2.0481 图案花坛群 parterre2.0482 草药花坛 herbaceous flower bed2.0483 花结花坛 knot bed2.0484 整形花坛 formal flower bed2.0485 花境 flower border2.0486 花桶 flower tub2.0487 植树箱 planting box2.0488 活动花坛 movable flower bed2.0489 瓶饰 garden vase2.0490 灌木花境 shrub border2.0491 混合花境 mixed border2.0492 园林道路设计garden road design, garden path design2.0493 漫步路 trail, footway2.0494 小径 alley, path2.0495 川草坪岛 lawn island2.0496 安全岛 traffic island, refuge island2.0497 转弯曲度 turning curvature2.0498 转弯半径 turning radius2.0499 踏面 landing pitch2.0500 步石 stepping stone2.0501 涉水踏步 wading step2.0502 错铺路 crazy paving path2.0503 随意组合方石板路 flag stone path paved at random2.0504 花纹路 pattern path2.0505 林荫路 mall2.0506 林荫大道 boulevard2.0507 花园路 parkway2.0508 林间小道 path in woodland2.0509 种植池 planting bed2.0510 树池保护格栅 tree grate2.0511 树干保护套栏 tree guard2.0512 树池坐凳矮墙 seatwall-surrounded planting2.0513 路面线纹 score line2.0514 传统园林建筑 traditional garden building2.0515 凉亭 summer shelter2.0516 活树亭 arbor, tent arbor2.0517 蘑菇亭 mushroom pavilion2.0518 茅亭 thatched pavilion2.0519 竹亭 bamboo pavilion2.0520茶亭 tea booth, tea kiosk2.0521回廊 cloister2.0522 水廊 corridor on water2.0523 曲廊 zigzag veranda2.0524 扒山廊 sloping gallery2.0525 楼廊 two-storied gallery2.0526 画舫 painted pleasure boat2.0527 石舫 stone boat2.0528 不击舟 immovable pleasure boat2.0529 诗条石 poem-engraved stone slab2.0530 月洞门 moon gate2.0531 扶手栏杆 handrail2.0532 坐凳栏杆 seat rail2.0533 石碑 stone tablet, stele2.0534 园林露天剧场 open garden theater2.0535 园林露天舞池 open garden dancing place2.0536 露天音乐台 outdoor music stand2.0537 眺望台 prospect deck2.0538 繁殖温室 plant propagation greenhouse2.0539 展览温室 public conservatory2.0540 月池 new-moon pool...。
景观设计方案英文翻译
景观设计方案英文翻译The Landscape Design SolutionThe landscape design solution aims to transform the existing space into an aesthetically pleasing and functional outdoor environment. The design focuses on creating a harmonious balance between natural elements and human activities, while adhering to principles of sustainability and conservation.The first step of the design involves analyzing the site conditions and identifying key features that can be incorporated into the overall plan. The existing trees, shrubs, and topography are carefully considered to maintain a sense of continuity with the surrounding environment.The design incorporates a variety of elements to enhance the aesthetics and functionality of the space. A central focal point, such as a water feature or sculpture, is integrated to provide visual interest and draw people into the space. Surrounding this focal point are carefully selected plantings, which create a sense of enclosure and provide shade and privacy.Walkways and seating areas are strategically placed throughout the landscape to encourage people to explore and interact with the space. These elements are designed to be accessible to all, including individuals with mobility challenges. Additionally, seating areas are positioned to take advantage of views and provide comfortable spots for relaxation and socialization.To promote sustainability, the design includes various greeninfrastructure features. Rain gardens and bioswales are incorporated to capture and filter stormwater runoff, reducing the impact on local water bodies. Native plants are favored, as they require less maintenance and provide habitat for local wildlife. Additionally, irrigation systems are designed to maximize water efficiency, using weather-based sensors and drip irrigation techniques.Lighting is also a key consideration in the design. Low-level ambient lighting is used to enhance the nighttime experience and ensure safety for users. Accent lighting is utilized to highlight key features and create visual interest.The design solution also considers the needs of different user groups. Playground areas and fitness equipment are included to cater to families and individuals looking for recreational opportunities. Quiet seating areas and meditation spaces are integrated for those seeking a place for relaxation and reflection. In conclusion, the landscape design solution aims to create an attractive and functional outdoor environment that adheres to principles of sustainability and conservation. Careful consideration is given to the existing site conditions, with a focus on maintaining a sense of harmony with the surrounding environment. The design incorporates various elements, such as focal points, plantings, walkways, and seating areas, to enhance the aesthetics and functionality of the space. Green infrastructure features and lighting considerations further contribute to the sustainability and usability of the design. Overall, the landscape design solutionseeks to create a space that is accessible and enjoyable for all users, while promoting a connection to nature.。
景观设计中英文对照
2.0001 园林学 landscape architecture, garden ar-chitecture 2.0002 造园学 garden making, landscape garden-ing2.0003 环境园艺学 environmental horticulture2.0004 观赏园艺学 ornamental horticulture2.0005 园林艺术 garden art2.0006 园林美学 garden aesthetics2.0007 园林建筑学 garden architecture2.0008 园林建筑 garden building2.0009 园林工程 garden engineering2.0010 园林植物 landscape plant2.0011 观赏植物 ornamental plant2.0012 盆景 miniature landscape, penjing2.0013 园林 garden and park2.0014 园林学史 history of garden architecture2.0015 园林规划 garden planning, landscaping planning2.0016 园林设计 garden design2.0017 园林机具设备gardening machine2.0018 园林管理 garden management2.0019 园林生态 landscape ecology2.0020 绿化 greening, planting2.0021 环境绿化 environmental greening2.0022 绿地面积 green area2.0023 绿地率 ratio of green space2.0024 城市绿化覆盖率urban green coverage2.0025 工厂绿化 factory greening, factory garden-ing2.0026 街道绿化 street greening, street planting2.0027 车行道绿化driveway greening2.0028 分车带绿化dividing stripe greening2.0029 人行道绿化sidewalk greening2.0030 群众绿化 mass planting movement2.0031 郊区绿化 suburban greening2.0032 公路绿化 highway greening2.0033 铁路绿化 railway greening, railway planting2.0034 堤岸种植 bank planting2.0035 阳台绿化 balcony greening2.0036 窗台绿化 window-sill greening2.0037 屋顶绿化 roof greening2.0038 垂直绿化 vertical greening2.0039 攀缘绿化 climber greening2.0040 桥头绿化 bridgehead greening2.0041 花园 garden2.0042 专类花园 specified flower garden2.0043 花园村 garden village2.0044 园林城市 landscape garden city2.0045 蔷薇园 rose garden2.0046 松柏园 conifer garden2.0047 球根园 bulb garden2.0048 宿根园 perennial garden2.0049 假山园 rock garden, Chinese rockery2.0050 狩猎场 hunting ground2.0051 街心花园 street crossing center garden2.0052 小游园 petty street garden2.0053 水景园 water garden2.0054 铺地园 paved garden2.0055 野趣园 wild plants botanical garden2.0056 野生植物园wild plants garden2.0057 乡趣园 rustic garden2.0058 盆景园 penjing garden, miniature land-scape 2.0059 动物园 zoo, zoological garden2.0060 墓园 cemetery garden2.0061 沼泽园 bog and marsh garden2.0062 水生植物园aquatic plants garden2.0063 学校园 school garden2.0064 室内花园 indoor garden2.0065 芳香花园 fragrant garden2.0066 盲人花园 garden for the blind2.0067 公园 park, public park2.0068 城市公园 city park, urban park2.0069 区公园 regional park2.0070 儿童公园 children park2.0071 体育公园 sports park2.0072 森林公园 forest park2.0073 纪念公园 memorial park2.0074 烈士纪念公园martyr memorial park2.0075 综合公园 comprehensive park2.0076 文化公园 cultural park2.0077 文化休憩公园cultural and recreation park 2.0078 中央公园 central park2.0079 天然公园 natural park2.0080 海滨公园 seaside park, seabeach park2.0081 古迹公园 historic site park2.0082 河滨公园 riverside park2.0083 湖滨公园 lakeside park2.0084 路边公园 roadside park, street park2.0085 娱乐公园 amusement park2.0086 雕塑公园 sculpture park2.0087 休憩公园 recreation park2.0088 疗养公园 sanatorium park2.0089 国家公园 national park2.0090 邻里公园 neighborhood park2.0091 特种公园 special park2.0092 植物园 botanical garden2.0093 植物公园 abeled plants park2.0094 高山植物园 alpine garden2.0095 热带植物园 tropical plants garden2.0096 药用植物园 medical plants garden, herb garden 2.0097 绿地 green space2.0098 公共绿地 public green space2.0099 单位绿地 unit green area2.0100 城市绿地 urban green space2.0101 街道广场绿地street and square green area2.0102 居住区绿地 residential quarter green area2.0103 防护绿地 green area for environmental protection 2.0104 郊区绿地 suburban green space2.0105 街坊绿地 residential block green belt2.0106 附属绿地 attached green space2.0107 生产绿地 productive plantation area2.0108 苗圃 nursery2.0109 风景 landscape, scenery2.0110 自然景观 natural landscape2.0111 人文景观 human landscape, scenery of humanities 2.0112 草原景观 prairie landscape2.0113 山岳景观 mountain landscape, alpine landscape 2.0114 地理景观 geographical landscape2.0115 湖泊景观 lake view2.0116 郊区景观 suburban landscape2.0117 地质景观 geological landscape2.0118 喀斯特景观 karst landscape2.0119 植物景观 plants landscape, flora landscape02.2 园林史02.2.1 中国园林史2.0120 中国古典园林classical Chinese garden2.0121 中国传统园林traditional Chinese garden2.0122 中国古代园林ancient Chinese garden2.0123 中国山水园 Chinese mountain and water garden2.0124 帝王宫苑 imperial palace garden2.0125 皇家园林 royal garden2.0126 私家园林 private garden2.0127 江南园林 garden on the Yangtze Delta02.2.2 西方园林史2.0128 西方古典园林 western classical garden2.0129 英国式园林 English style garden2.0130 中英混合式园林Anglo-Chinese style garden2.0131 意大利式园林 Italian style garden2.0132 西班牙式园林 Spanish style garden2.0133 法兰西式园林 French style garden2.0134 勒诺特尔式园林Le Notre’s style garden2.0135 文艺复兴庄园 Renaissance style villa2.0136 洛可可式园林 Rococo style garden2.0137 巴洛克式园林 Baroque style garden2.0138 庄园 manor, villa garden2.0139 廊柱园 peristyle garden, patio2.0140 绿廊 xystus2.0141 迷阵 maze, labyrinth02.2.3 典型中西园林2.0142 灵囿 Ling You Hunting Garden2.0143 灵沼 Ling Zhao Water Garden2.0144 灵台 Ling Tai Platform Garden2.0145 阿房宫 E-Pang Palace2.0146 上林苑 Shang-Lin Yuan2.0147 未央宫 Wei-Yang Palace2.0148 洛阳宫 Luoyang Palace2.0149 华清官 Hua-Qing Palace2.0150 艮岳 Gen Yue Imperial Garden2.0151 圆明园 Yuan-Ming Yuan Imperial Garden2.0152 颐和园 Yi-He Yuan Imperial Garden,Summer Palace 2.0153 承德避暑山庄Chengde Imperial Summer Resort2.0154 苏州园林 Suzhou traditional garden2.0155 悬园 Hanging Garden2.0156 英国皇家植物园Royal Botanical Garden, Kew garden 2.0157 凡尔赛宫苑 Versailles Palace Park2.0158 枫丹白露宫园 Fontainebleau Palace Garden02.3 园林艺术2.0159 景 view, scenery, feature2.0160 远景 distant view2.0161 近景 nearby view2.0162 障景 obstructive scenery, blocking view2.0163 借景 borrowed scenery, view borrowing2.0164 对景 opposite scenery, view in opposite place2.0165 缩景 miniature scenery, abbreviated scenery 2.0166 漏景 leaking through scenery2.0167 框景 enframed scenery2.0168 尾景 terminal feature2.0169 主景 main feature2.0170 副景 secondary feature2.0171 配景 objective view2.0172 夹景 vista line, vista2.0173 前景 front view2.0174 背景 background2.0175 景序 order of sceneries2.0176 景点 feature spot, view spot2.0177 仰视景观 upward landscape2.0178 俯视景观 downward landscape2.0179 季相景观 seasonal phenomena2.0180 气象景观 meteorological diversity scenery 2.0181 视野 visual field2.0182 秋色fall color, autumn color2.0183 园林空间 garden space2.0184 开敞空间 wide open space, wide space2.0185 封闭空间 enclosure space2.0186 意境 artistic conception, poetic imagery 2.0187 苍古 antiquity2.0188 空灵 spaciousness, airiness2.0189 动观 in-motion viewing2.0190 静观 in-position viewing2.0191 视错觉 visual illusion2.0192 园林艺术布局artistic layout of garden2.0193 对称平衡 symmetrical balance2.0194 不对称平衡asymmetrical balance2.0195 左右对称 bilateral symmetry2.0196 辐射对称 radial symmetry2.0197 透景线 perspective line2.0198 轴线 axis, axial line2.0199 主轴 main axis2.0200 副轴 auxiliary axis2.0201 暗轴 hidden axis, invisible axis2.0202 树冠线 skyline2.0203 园林色彩艺术 art of garden colors2.0204 单色谐调 monochromatic harmony2.0205 复色谐调 compound chromatic harmony2.0206 对比色突出 contrast colors accent2.0207 近似色谐调 approximate colors harmony2.0208 暖色 warm color2.0209 冷色 cool color2.0210 色感 color sense2.0211 城市绿地系统规划 urban green space system planning2.0212 绿地系统 green space system2.0213 公共绿地定额 public green space quota2.0214 公共绿地指标 public green space norm2.0215 绿地布局 green space layout2.0216 吸引圈 attractive circle2.0217 吸引距离 attractive distance2.0218 有效半径 effective radius2.0219 绿地资源 green space resource2.0220 绿地效果 green space effect2.0221 绿地规划程序 planning procedure of the green space2.0222 空间规划 space planning2.0223 形象规划 image plan2.0224 实施规划 implementary plan2.0225 必要生活空间 necessary living space2.0226 余暇生活空间 leisure time living space2.0227 利用频度 usage frequency2.0228 树种规划 planning of trees and shrubs2.0229 绿地类型 type of green space2.0230 环状绿型 annular green space2.0231 块状绿地 green plot2.0232 点状绿地 green spot2.0233 放射状绿地 radiate green space2.0234 楔状绿地 wedge-shaped green space2.0235 缓冲绿地 buffer green space2.0236 防音绿地 noiseproof green space2.0237 科学景观论 scientific landscape theory2.0238 园林保留地 reserve garden2.0239 公园规划 park planning2.0240 园林总体规划 garden master planning2.0241 总平面规划 site planning2.0242 园林分区 garden zoning2.0243 安静休息区 tranquil rest area2.0244 儿童活动区 children playing space2.0245 儿童游戏场 children playground, playlot2.0246 体育运动区 sports activities area2.0247 野餐区 picnic place2.0248 散步区 pedestrian space2.0249 群众集会区mass meeting square2.0250 观赏植物区ornamental plants area2.0251 观赏温室区display greenhouse area, display conservatory area 2.0252 草坪区 lawn space2.0253 绿荫区 shade tree section2.0254 历史古迹区 historical relics area2.0255 青少年活动区 youngsters activities area 2.0256 诱鸟区 bird sanctuary area2.0257 钓鱼区 fishing center2.0258 野营区 camp site2.0259 游人中心 visitors center2.0260 服务中心 service center2.0261 探险游乐场 adventure ground2.0262 文化活动区 cultural activities area2.0263 道路系统 approach system, road system2.0264 环形道路系统 circular road system2.0265 方格形道路系统 latticed road system2.0266 放射形道路系统 radiate road system2.0267 自然式道路系统 informal road system2.0268 规整式道路系统 formal road system2.0269 混合式道路系统 mixed style road system2.0270 园林规划图 garden planning map2.0271 园林规划说明书 garden planning direction 2.0272 城市公园系统 urban park system2.0273 公园分布 distribution of parks2.0274 公园类型 park type, park category2.0275 公园间距 distance between parks2.0276 公园形式 park styles2.0277 游览区 excursion area, open-to-public area 2.0278 非游览区 no-admittance area2.0279 办公区 administrative area2.0280 服务区 service center2.0281 动休息区 dynamic rest space2.0282 静休息区 static rest space2.0283 娱乐演出区 entertaining performance place 2.0284 主要入口 main entrance2.0285 次要入口 secondary entrance2.0286 人流量 visitors flowrate2.0287 车流量 vehicle flowrate2.0288 公园道路 park road2.0289 公园水陆面积比率land-water ratio2.0290 游人容纳量 visitors capacity2.0291 风景资源调查landscape resource uation2.0292 风景学 scenicology2.0293 风景规划 landscape plan2.0294 风景设计 landscape design2.0295 游览路线 touring route2.0296 旅游资源 tourism resource2.0297 旅游地理 tourism geography2.0298 旅游地质 tourism geology2.0299 历史名城 famous historical city2.0300 文化名城 famous cultural city2.0301 文化遗址 ancient cultural relic2.0302 天然博物馆 natural open museum2.0303 风景地貌 natural geomorphology2.0304 造型地貌 imaginative geomorphologic figuration2.0305 风景区 scenic spot, scenic area2.0306 风景名胜 famous scenery, famous scenic site2.0307 特异景观风景区specific natural scenes area2.0308 民族风俗风景区scenic spot of minority customs2.0309 高山风景区 alpine scenic spot2.0310 海滨风景区 seabeach scenic spot2.0311 森林风景区 forest scenic spot2.0312 高山草甸风景区alpine tundra landscape spot2.0313 峡谷风景区 valley scenic spot2.0314 江河风景区 river landscape district2.0315 湖泊风景区 lake round scenic spot2.0316 温泉风景区 hot spring scenic spot2.0317 瀑布风景区 waterfall scenic spot2.0318 禁伐禁猎区 region forbidden to tree cutting and hunting 2.0319 封山育林区 region closed for afforestation2.0320 天池风景区 crater lake scenic spot2.0321 自然保护区 nature protection area2.0322 科学保护区 protection area for scientific research2.0323 天然纪念物 natural monument2.0324 生物圈保护区 biosphere protection area。
园林景观中-英文对照表(方案阶段)
景观中英文对照表（方案阶段）目录：Cover封面Content目录Design Explanation设计说明Master Plan总平面Space Sequence Analysis景观空间分析Function Analysis功能分析Landscape Theme Analysis景观景点主题分析图Traffic Analysis交通分析Vertical Plan竖向平面布置图Lighting Furniture Layout灯光平面布置示意图Marker/Background Music/Garbage Bin标识牌/背景音乐/垃圾桶布置图Plan平面图Hand Drawing手绘效果图Section剖面图Detail详图Central Axis中心公共主轴Reference Picture参考图片Planting Reference Picture植物选样材料类：aluminum铝asphalt沥青alpine rock轻质岗石boasted ashlars粗凿ceramic陶瓷、陶瓷制品cobble小圆石、小鹅卵石clay粘土crushed gravel碎砾石crushed stone concrete碎石混凝土crushed stone碎石cement石灰enamel陶瓷、瓷釉frosted glass磨砂玻璃grit stone/sand stone砂岩glazed colored glass/colored glazed glass彩釉玻璃granite花岗石、花岗岩g ravel卵石galleting碎石片ground pavement material墙面地砖材料light-gauge steel section/hollow steel section薄壁型钢light slates轻质板岩lime earth灰土masonry砝石结构membrane张拉膜、膜结构membrane waterproofing薄膜防水mosaic马赛克quarry stone masonry/quarrystone bond粗石体plaster灰浆polished plate glass/polished plate磨光平板玻璃panel面板、嵌板rusticated ashlars粗琢方石rough rubble粗毛石reinforcement钢筋设施设备类：accessory channel辅助通道atrium门廊aisle走道、过道avenue道路access通道、入口art wall艺术墙academy科学院art gallery画廊arch拱顶archway拱门arcade拱廊、有拱廊的街道axes轴线air condition空调aqueduct沟渠、导水管alleyway小巷billiard table台球台bed地基bedding cushion垫层balustrade/railing栏杆byland/peninsula半岛bench座椅balcony阳台bar-stool酒吧高脚凳beam梁plate beam板梁bearing wall承重墙retaining wall挡土墙basement parking地下车库berm小平台block楼房broken-marble patterned flooring碎拼大理石地面broken stone hardcore碎石垫层curtain wall幕墙cascade小瀑布、叠水corridor走廊couryard内院、院子canopy张拉膜、天篷、遮篷coast海岸children playground儿童活动区court法院calculator计算器clipboard纤维板cantilever悬臂梁ceiling天花板carpark停车场carpet地毯cafeteria自助餐厅clearage开垦地、荒地cavern大洞穴dry fountain旱喷泉driveway车道vehicular road机动车道depot仓库、车场dry fountain for children儿童溪水广场dome圆顶drain排水沟drainage下水道drainage system排水系统discharge lamp放电管entrance plaza入口广场elevator/lift电梯escalator自动扶梯flat roof/roof garden平台fence wall围墙、围栏fountain喷泉fountain and irrigation system喷泉系统footbridge人行天桥fire truck消防车furniture家具、设备firepot/chafing dish火锅gutter明沟ditch暗沟gully峡谷、冲沟valley山谷garage车库foyer门厅、休息室hall门厅lobby门厅、休息室industry zone工业区island岛inn小旅馆jet喷头kindergarten幼儿园kiosk小亭子（报刊、小卖部）lamps and lanterns灯具lighting furniture照明设置mezzanine包厢main stadium主体育场outdoor terrace室外平台oil painting油画outdoor steps/exterior steps室外台阶pillar/pole/column柱、栋梁pebble/plinth柱基pond/pool池、池塘pavilion亭、阁pipe/tube管子plumbing管道port港口pillow枕头pavement硬地铺装path of gravel卵石路public plaza公共休闲广场communal plaza公共广场pedestrian street步行街printer打印机resting plaza休闲广场区rooftop/housetop屋顶pile桩piling打桩pump泵ramp斜坡道、残疾人坡道riverway河道sunbraking element遮阳构件sanitation卫生设施skylight天窗skyline地平线scanner扫描仪shore岸、海滨sash窗框slab楼板、地下室顶板stairhall楼梯厅staircase楼梯间secondary structure/minor structure次要结构secondary building/accessory building次要建筑street furniture小品（椅凳标志）solarium日光浴室terrace平台chip/fragment/sliver/splinter碎片safety belt/safety strap/life belt安全带safety passageway安全通道shelf/stand架子sunshade天棚small mountain stream山塘小溪subway地铁safety glass安全玻璃streetscape街景画sinking down plaza下沉广场sidewalk人行道footpath步行道设计阶段：existing condition analysis现状分析analyses of existings城市现状分析construction site service施工现场服务conceptual design概念设计circulation analysis交通体系分析construction drawing施工图complete level完成面标高details细部设计、细部大样示意图diagram示意图、表elevation上升、高地、海拔、正面图development design扩初设计fa鏰de/elevation正面、立面general development analysis城市总体发展分析general situation survey概况general layout plan/master plan总平面general nature environment总体自然分析grid and landmark analysis城市网格系统及地标性建筑物分析general urban and landscape concept总体城市及景观设计概念general level design总平面竖向设计general section总体剖面图layout plan布置图legend图例lighting plan灯光布置图plan drawing平面图plot plan基地图presentation drawing示意图perspective/render效果图pavement plan铺装示意图reference pictures/imaged picture参考图片reference level参考标高图片site overall arrangement场地布局space sequence relation空间序列specification指定、指明、详细说明书scheme design方案设计sketch手绘草图sectorization功能分区section剖面site planning场地设计reference picture of planting植物配置意向图reference picture of street furniture街道家具布置意向图设计描述：a thick green area密集绿化administration/administrative行政administration zone行政区位function analysis功能分析arc/camber弧形askew歪的、斜的aesthetics美学height高度abstract art抽象派artist艺术家、大师art nouveau新艺术主义acre英亩architect建筑师be integrated with与……结合起来bisect切成两份、对开bend弯曲boundary/border边界operfloor架空层budget预算estimate评估beach海滩building code建筑规范景观中英文对照表（初步设计施工图阶段）Landscape Design Development Package 景观扩初设计图册Drawing Schedule 图纸目录Sheet No 纸页号码Description 图画说明Sheet Size 纸页尺寸Revision Reference 修正参考Additional Drawing 图纸附加Deleted Drawing 图纸册除Remarks 备注Drawing File Name 图画名词Internal Drawing Date 内部绘图日期Internal Revision Date 内部修正日期Cover Sheet 封面纸页Materials Schedule 物科目录General Legend 一般图例Standard Symbols & Abbreviations 标准象微及简写Landscape Plans (LP-) (Bound Separately) 景观设计平面图（分开缚装）Reference Plan 指引图Part 01 第一部分Client 业主Project 项目Scale 比例Designed By 设计者Drawn By 绘图者Checked By 检查者Approved By 批核者Setting-Out Plan 定位图Levels/Drainage/Irrigation Plan 标高和给排水图Materials Plan 物科图Lighting Plan 照明配置图Landscape Sections 景观设计部面图Typical Planter Details 标准种植槽详图Typical Overflow/Planter Drain Detail 标准溢流／种植槽排水详图Typical Waterpoint Detail 标准灌溉供水口详图Typical Planter Wall Detail 标准种植槽墙详图Typical Driveway/Planter Curb Detail 标准车道／种植槽道牙详图Floating Tree Collar Detail 01 (Typical) 悬浮树环详图Typical Flushed Planter Detail 标准及地面时种植槽详图Typical Trench Drain Detail 标准排水沟详图Typical Step & Wall Details 标准台阶和墙壁详图Steps Detail 台阶详图Step Lawn Detail 台阶草坪详图Typical Wheel Guard Detail 标准保安轮详图Typical Gate Detail 标准闸门详图Seatwall Detail 座墙详图Railing Detail 栋杆详图Typical Fence Detail 标准围墙详图Endpost detail 端柱详图Paving Details (LD-3) 铺地详图Paving 01 铺地Typical Void Deck Detail 标准架空层详图Typical Footpath Detail 标准行人步道详图Typical Timber Deck Detail 标准木平台详图Typical Crazy cut pattern detail 标准不规则切割平图案详图Stepping stone detail 01 (Typical) 踏步石详图 01 (标准）Typical Grass Ring Paver Detail 标准植草圈铺图案详图Pool Paving Detail 泳池铺地详图Linear Stepping Stone & Linear Stone Layers 线性踏步石及线性石层Typical Safety Matt Detail 标准安全垫详图Basketball Court & Paving Accessories Detail 篮球场及铺地附件详图Landscape Features 特色景观Water Feature 01 特色水景Feature Pot Detail 特色盆详图Pavilion 01 (Typical) 凉亭 01 （标准）View Pavilion 视图凉亭Sunken Pool Bar 沉下式泳池酒吧Typical Guardhouse Detail 标准保安亭详图Filtration Pump Room 过滤泵室Water Falls Detail 瀑布详图Ramp Trellis 斜坡花架Trellis 花架Bridge 架桥Signage Wall 标志板墙Vent Detail 通风详图Swimming Pool & Jacuzzi Details 游泳池和温泉详图Pool Reference Plan 泳池指引图Pool Setting Out 泳池定位图Pool Edge 01 泳池边缘 01Pool Steps Details 泳池台阶详图Sunken Pool Lounge 沉下式泳池休憩Kid’s Pool 儿童泳池 Jacuzzi Detail按摩池详图 Landscape Lighting Details景观照明详图Pole Top Luminaire (Single Lamp Head) (With Banner) 柱顶灯具 （单头） Bollard Light矮柱灯Wall / Column Mounted Luminaire 挂墙 / 柱式灯具 Garden Floodlight with Earth Spike 花园插地式泛光灯 Garden Floodlight with mounting clamp 花园挂树式泛光灯 Recess-Mounted Wall Luminaire 嵌藏墙灯具Recess-Mounted Stair Steps Luminaire 嵌藏楼梯台阶灯具 （A 型） Drive-Over In-Ground Uplights埋地车道泛光灯Drive-Over Location Luminaire – Type M (5 or more sides light beam)车道位置灯具 M 型 （五或更多边灯光线）Under Water Floodlight (Recess-Mount) 水底泛光灯 （嵌藏） Under Water Floodlight (Surface-Mount) 水底泛光灯 （嵌表面） Swimming Pool Luminaire (Recess-Mount) 泳池灯具（嵌藏） Connecting Pillar连接柱Sports/Area (Post-Type) Floodlight (Single Lamp Head)运动 / 区单头柱泛光灯 Feature Column Light特色柱灯 Site Furniture Details (LD-7) 家具设置详图 Fitness Equipment 健身工具 Play Equipment 01 游乐工具 01 Parasol阳伞 Pool Lounger 01泳池躺椅Outdoor Furniture 露天家具 Rockwork Details 石景详图 Pond Edge Reference Plan 池塘边缘指引图 Continue续集Pond Edge Setting-Out Plan 池塘边缘定位图 Pond Edge (Type A) 池塘边缘 （A 型） Water Cascade Detail 01 水瀑布详图 General Notes概话说明This Landscape Design Development Detail Drawing Package is to be read in conjunction with the following notes: 阅览此景观扩初设计图册时，需结合以下设计要修重点说明并使用。
设计类型英文翻译
设计设计是把一种计划、规划、设想通过某种形式传达出来的活动过程。
人类通过劳动改造世界，创造文明，创造物质财富和精神财富，而最基础、最主要的创造活动是造物。
设计便是造物活动进行预先的计划，可以把任何造物活动的计划技术和计划过程理解为设计。
常见类型沟通设计Communication Design 有时也称为沟通艺术Communication Arts 或是视觉传达设计Visual communication平面设计Graphic Design 是CI系统的视觉表现化，通过平面的表现，突出企业文化和企业形象三维设计3D Design ：是一个广泛的种类、然而并不常用、在三维设计当中、多以电脑动画、工业或建筑设计的三维模型为主要创作的项目。
设计的种类相当多种，设计在许多领域都有应用，涉及的方面也比较广泛。
下面列出历史较久、较广为人知的设计种类。
更多的设计种类请参看设计下面的目录。
例如：商贸领域（Commerce）商业设计（Business design ）新产品研发（New product development ）包装设计（Packaging design ）( Package Design)产品设计（Product design）服务设计（Service design）应用领域（Applications）体验设计（Experience design ）游戏设计（Game design）互动设计﹙又称交互设计﹚（Interaction Design）软件设计（Software design）软件研发（Software development）软件工程（Software engineering）系统设计（System design）用户体验设计（User experience design ）用户界面设计（User interface design ）人机界面设计 (Interface Design)网页易操作设计（Web accessibility）网页设计（Web design）网站设计（Web design)信息设计（Information Design）传达（Communications）设计领域书籍设计（Books Design）色彩设计（Color design）传达设计（Communication design ）内容/编排与内容设计（Content design）展示设计（Exhibition design）图形设计（Graphic design）资讯设计（Information design）教学设计（Instructional design）动态图形设计（Motion graphic design）新闻报刊设计（News design）制作设计（Production design）音效设计（Sound design）舞台设计（Theatrical design）字体设计（Typeface design）印刷设计（Typography ）视觉传达设计（Visual communication）影视动画设计Television animation design动画设计Animation Design广告设计平面设计(Graphic Design)形象设计(VI Design)科学和数学领域（Scientific and mathematical）组合设计（Combinatorial design）实验设计（Design of experiments）物质领域（Physical）建筑设计（Architectural Design）工业设计Industrial Design建筑工程（Architectural engineering）汽车设计（Automotive design）手机设计（Cellular manufacturing）陶瓷和玻璃设计（Ceramic and glass design）环境设计（Environmental Design）服装设计（Fashion design）（Clothes Design) 插花设计（Floral design）家具设计（Furniture design）园林设计（Garden design）工业设计（Industrial design）室内设计（Interior Design/redesign）景观设计（Landscape architecture）机械工程设计（Mechanical engineering）永续设计（Sustainable design）城市设计（Urban design）深化设计(Detailed Design)环艺设计(Environment Art design)机械设计(Machine Design)机器设计(ApparatusDesign)UI设计（User Interface Design）装修设计印刷设计工程设计通用设计（通用设计或全方位设计）(Universal design)。
景观设计英文
目录table of contents规划类分析类交通系统空间平面标注水景构筑物建筑物场地平台广场绿化交通景观材料其他规划类总体规划master plan一期开发phase1总研究范围total study area分析类分析图analysis diagrams项目背景project background基地分析site analysis区域概况regional context基地机遇site opportunities项目分析program analysis景观视点分析图landscape viewpoint analysis 景观分区图landscape zoning景观结构分析图landscape structure analysis 绿化分析图green analysis竖向设计图vertical analysis照明分析图light analysis交通系统circulation道路系统road system车辆动线vehicle circulation主要人行动线primary pedenstrian circulation 城市主干道major city road城市次干道secondary city road小区环路community ring road城市快速道express way空间公共空间public space半开放公共空间semi-public平面标注鸟瞰透视图aerial perspective总平面site plan主入口大门/岗亭(车行&人行) main entrance gate/guard house (for vehicle& pedestrian )次入口/岗亭(车行& 人行) 2nd entrance gate/guard house (for vehicle& pedestrian ) 商业中心入口entrance to shopping ctr.特色入口entry feature迎宾景观welcoming feature旱景dry landscape水景waterscape （water feature）特色水景water feature瀑布及跳舞喷泉(入口广场) water fall and dancing fountain ( entry plaza )水体设计water treatment中心水景广场center waterscape plaza主入口水景广场main entrance入口水景entrance waterscape中心跌水组景center assemble waterfall迎宾跌水组景welcome assemble waterfall巨大迎宾水景grand welcoming feature自然溪涧natural stream儿童戏水池children play pool主水景广场center waterscpe plaza特色跌水组景feature assemble waterfall景观跌水feature waterfall儿童戏水池children's play pool游泳池swimming pool小瀑布water cascade戏水池play pool荷花池lily pond戏水池入口lay pool entrance野趣小溪river wild湖lake池塘pond旱喷泉dry fountain旱溪dry stream极可意jacuzzi嬉水池wading pool户外淋浴outdoor shower水中汀步stepping stone on water surface/steps in water 构筑物亲水中心构架hydrophilic center strcture中心水景构筑center waterscape strcture特色廊架feature collonade露天咖啡廊out door cafe观景亭scenic pavillion凉亭pavilion棚架trellis花架pergola特色景墙feature wall跌水景墙fountain wall蜿蜒水墙winding walllogo墙logo wall特色矮墙feature low wall挡土墙retaining walls围墙fence石景雕塑rock sculpture特色桥feature bridge木桥timber bridge吊桥hanging bridge景观通风井landscape sky-light特色灯柱feature light column景观坐凳landscape bench金属座椅metal chairs花坛flower pot特色灯feature light景观伞landscape umbrella膜结构tensile structure洞穴grotto特色踏步feature stepping stone台阶stair石景rock'scape建筑物building会所club house高尔夫球会所golf clubhouse住宅residential场地court亲子乐园children's playground健身乐园exercise court游戏区games district邻里花园local garden雕塑花园garden sculpture小型露天剧场mini amphi-theatre庭院courtyard竹园bamboo garden石景园rockery garden旱冰道slide日艺园japanese garden健身站exercise station羽毛球场badminton court篮球场basketball court网球场tennis court平台platform亲水平台hydrophilic platform亲水木平台hydrophilic timber deck入户平台building entrance deck公园入口平台park entrance terrace休闲平台recreational deck下沉平台sunken platform观景台scenic deck/ viewing terrace/ viewing deck 活动平台activity platform嵌草平台reinforced grass platform聚散平台gathering and scattering platform观景木台timber deck (viewing)休憩台地(低处/高处) lounging terrace (lower/ upper ) 广场plaza主入口广场main entrance plaza中心广场central plaza中心主广场center main plaza小活动广场small exercise plaza中心商业广场center commercial plaza商业小广场commercial small plaza商业铺装广场commercial paving plaza景观广场landscpe plaza城市广场city square社区广场community square石景广场rockery plaza漫步广场walkway plaza健身广场exercise plaza交流广场meditating plaza绿化green植物色带plant ribbons中心树阵center tree array趣味树阵tree battle formation层级艺术种植terraced art plants阶梯坐台/种植槽terracing seatwall/planter景观绿地landscape greenbelt西北组团绿地northwest delegation greenbelt层级绿化terraced green景观种植池landscape planting pool特色绿化feature green阳光草坪sunshine lawn草阶绿地step lawn greenbelt花径path with spend主景树lord landscape tree交通商业街commercial street主要景观道路main landscpe road残疾人坡道disabled ramp每栋建筑入口entrance paving to unit车道入口entry drives停车场parking garage停车场入口parking entrance自行车位bicycle area车道/人行道driveway /sidewalk人行道pedestrian小区入口林荫道entry boulevard林间小径lcisure walk, path in woodland晨跑小路jogging footpath漫步路trail, footway/promenade地库楼梯间basement stairwell林荫道boulevard雕塑小道sculpture trail景观材料landscpe material其他通北区五楼梯entry north district five staircase课堂活动区classroom activities district景观扩初设计 landscape design development图纸目录drawing schedules说明description纸页尺寸sheet size修正参考revision reference 备注remarks图纸名称drawing filename 绘图日期drawing date其他图例legend局部透视图partial rendering。
景观设计常用英语词汇
景观设计阶段常用英语词汇设计常用：规划planning服务范围scope of services工作范围scope of work开发的可行性规划development feasibility planning景观规划landscape planning总体规划master planning草图sketch / rough map平面plan剖面section立面elevation透视perspective示意图diagram容积率coverage城市设计urban design / civic design区域规划regional planning步行轴ped axis总体规划general planning / master planning分区规划district planning近期建设规划immediate plan城市详细规划detailed planning控制性详细规control detailed planning修建性详细规划site plan居住区规划residential district planning城市化urbanization城市生态urban ecology可持续发展sustainable development项目竣工project closeout项目会议project meetings项目检查project observation项目登记project records项目规模project scale主入口大门main entrance gate主要入口main entrance岗亭(车行&人行) guard house (for vehicle& pedestrian )次入口大门2nd entrance gate次要入口secondary entrance人流量visitors flowrate车流量vehicle flowrate商业中心入口entrance to shopping ctr.水景water feature小型露天剧场mini amphi-theatre迎宾景观welcoming feature观景木台timber deck (viewing)竹园bamboo garden漫步广场walkway plaza露天咖啡廊out door cafe巨大迎宾水景grand welcoming feature瀑布叠水cascading waterfalls木桥timber bridge历史文化名城保护规划Plan of Preservation of Historic Cities 旧城改建urban redevelopment开发区development area城市化水平urbanization level城市群agglomeration城镇体系urban system卫星城satellite town城市基础设施urban infrastructure居民点settlement市municipality / city生态基础设施ecological infrastructure牧场pasture市域administrative region of a city商业区commercial district行政中心administration center商业街commercial street科技园technological region校园规划campus planning城市中心区urban center district居住单元flat历史地段history district民政区域civil district水警区waters guard district居住区规划residential district planning护林区ranger district工业区industrial district林木种子公园tree seed orchard快速公路thruway城市美学urban esthetics游憩空间esplanade系统工程systems engineering城市更新理论urban renewal theory吊桥hanging bridge休憩台地（低处）lounging terrace (lower)休憩台地（高处）lounging terrace (upper)特色踏步feature stepping stone野趣小溪river wild儿童乐园children's playground旱冰道slide羽毛球场badminton court旱景dry landscape旱喷泉dry fountain观景台viewing deck游泳池swimming pool嬉水池wading pool儿童泳池children's pool蜿蜒水墙winding wall石景雕塑rock sculpture中心广场central plaza健身广场exercise plaza桥bridge交流广场meditating plaza趣味树阵tree battle formation停车场paring area特色花架trellis雕塑小道sculpture trail(高尔夫)轻击区putting green高尔夫球会所golf clubhouse每栋建筑入口entrance paving to unit篮球场basketball court网球场tennis court阶梯坐台terracing seatwall种植槽planter广场main plaza森林forest瀑布waterfall石景园rockery garden旱溪dry stream凉亭pavilion户外淋浴outdoor shower拉膜结构tensile structure台阶stair高尔夫球车停车场parking ( golf car )健身站exercise station晨跑小路jogging footpath车道driveway人行道sidewalk人行漫步道promenade瀑布及跳舞喷泉（入口广场）water fall and dancing fountain (entry plaza) 特色入口entry feature石景广场rockery plaza植物的抗寒性plant hardiness植物的死亡率plant mortality种植planting建筑空间architecture剧院show place; theater茶楼（馆）caff；tea shop专卖店monopolistic shop博物馆museum电影院cinema / movie house商场emporium / shopping mall体育馆palaestra青少年宫callan house / children’s palace 图书馆library棋牌室relaxation room健身房gymnasium书店book store客厅parlor阳台balcony浴室bathroom橱柜cabinet合院式建筑courtyard building餐厅dining-room / dining hall入口entrance厨房kitchen屋顶roof小孩房kid room儿童游乐室/玩具室dollhouse起居室living room门廊porch更衣室change room休息室pavilion私家花园private garden居民resident共享地带shared zone工人房servants hall比例scale元素element会议中心conference center园林景观view of the garden乔木arbor / trees灌木shrub草本植物herbaceous plants藤本植物liana灌木shrubs铺石band stone地下车库car park bellow曲线形铺地curved paving bands标志牌(sign) courtyard identification sign 庭院courtyard步道footpath园桥garden bridge园林garden and park种草和铺草皮seeding and sodding种植现状planting conditions种植设计planting design种植要求planting requirements砌石natural cut stone铺地pave亭，阁pavilion榭pavilion on terrace植被planting花坛planting beds大广场plaza台platform栈道deck promenade灯柱pole lights小水池pool雕塑sculpture小广场small square小水景small water feature林荫树shade trees楼storied building小溪流stream行道树street trees踏石stepping stone踏步terrace steps木制平台timber deck草坪grass草皮turf园廊veranda空地void水景waterscape园墙wall in garden滨水地区waterfront 茶亭tea house木亭log cabin遮阳亭shade structure 水岸edge湾bay渡口ferry挡土墙retaining wall 人行道pavement卵石pebble半岛peninsula公园规划park planning园林总体规划garden master planning总平面规划site planning园林保留地reserve garden园林规划图garden planning map园林规划说明书garden planning direction城市公园系统urban park system公园分布distribution of parks公园类型park type, park category公园间距distance between parks公园形式park styles园林分区garden zoning安静休息区tranquil rest area儿童活动区children playing space儿童游戏场children playground体育运动区sports activities area野餐区picnic place散步区pedestrian space群众集会区mass meeting square观赏植物区ornamental plants area观赏温室区display greenhouse area / display conservatory area 草坪区lawn space绿荫区shade tree section历史古迹区historical relics area青少年活动区youngsters activities area诱鸟区bird sanctuary area钓鱼区fishing center野营区camp site游人中心visitors center服务中心service center探险游乐场adventure ground文化活动区cultural activities area游览区excursion area / open-to-public area非游览区no-admittance area办公区administrative area办公园区office parks服务区service center动休息区dynamic rest space静休息区static rest space娱乐演出区entertaining performance place公园道路park road公园水陆面积比率land-water ratio游人容纳量visitors capacity绿化greening, planting绿地/绿化带greenbelt环境绿化environmental greening城市绿化urban virescence城市绿化系统urban green space system绿化覆盖率percentage of greenery coverage城市绿化覆盖率urban green coverage工厂绿化factory greening / landscaping within factory 广场绿化landscaping of square居住区绿化landscaping of residential area公共建筑绿化landscaping around public building室内绿化indoor garden街道绿化street greening / street planting车行道绿化driveway greening分车带绿化dividing stripe greening人行道绿化sidewalk greening群众绿化mass planting movement郊区绿化suburban greening公路绿化highway greening铁路绿化railway greening / railway planting阳台绿化balcony greening窗台绿化window-sill greening屋顶绿化roof greening垂直绿化vertical greening攀缘绿化climber greening桥头绿化bridgehead greening绿地green space绿地系统green space system城市绿地系统规划urban green space system planning 城市绿地urban green space绿地规划程序planning procedure of the green space 绿地布局green space layout绿地率ratio of green space绿地面积green area绿地资源green space resource绿地效果green space effect公共绿地public green space公共绿地定额public green space quota公共绿地指标public green space norm单位绿地unit green area街道广场绿地street and square green area居住区绿地residential quarter green area防护绿地green buffer / green area for environmental protection 郊区绿地suburban green space街坊绿地residential block green belt附属绿地attached green space专用绿地specified green space生产绿地productive plantation area绿地类型type of green space环状绿型annular green space块状绿地green plot点状绿地green spot放射状绿地radiate green space楔状绿地wedge-shaped green space缓冲绿地buffer green space防音绿地noise proof green space吸引圈attractive circle吸引距离attractive distance有效半径effective radius空间规划space planning形象规划image plan实施规划implementary plan必要生活空间necessary living space余暇生活空间leisure time living space利用频度usage frequency树种规划planning of trees and shrubs苗圃nursery谷底植栽场improved vegetation & wild life堤岸种植bank planting生态环境系统人类生态环境human ecological environment自然系统natural system自然资源natural resource自然保护conservation of nature自然保存natural preservation环境保护environmental protection环境容量environment capacity环境适宜性environment fitness环境空气质量标准ambient air quality共生symbiosis互惠共生mutualism公害public nuisance生态绝灭ecological extinction生态系统ecosystem生态圈ecosphere生态灾难ecological disaster环境质量environmental quality环境压力environment stress生命维持系统life-support system反馈系统feedback system自养生物autotroph异养生物heterotroph食物链foodchain生物圈biosphere濒危植物endangered plant / threatened plant 主体群落major community人工群落artificial community绿色革命green revolution户外娱乐资源outdoor recreation resource原始环境系统wilderness environment system 近代环境系统modern environment system乡村生活模式country life-pattern烟害smoke pollution / fume pollution雾害fog pollution霜害frost injury水污染water pollution土壤污染soil pollution / soil contamination园林小气候garden microclimate环境保护植物environmental conservation plant 引气候调节climatic regulation自动调节机能homeostasis生态平衡ecological homeostasis森林生态系统forest ecosystem草原生态系统prairie ecosystem滞尘植物dust holding plant野生生物迁徙wildlife migration现状植被existing vegetation树木保护tree protection地形测量topographic survey入侵物种invasive species环境修复environmental modification环境影响分析environmental impact analysis外来植物物种exotic plant species生态影响ecological impact经济影响economic impact边缘栖息地edge habitat边缘限制edge restraint人工湿地constructed wetlands气候带climate zones自然资源natural resources园林地形改造topographical reform of garden土山earth piled hill / artificial mound假山rockery, artificial rockwork太湖石Taihu Lake stone / water modelled stone 黄石yellowish brown stone人造假山石artificial stone / man-made stone孤赏石monolith / standing stone掇山piled stone hill / hill making叠石stones laying板石flag stone散点石scattered stone抱角石corner stone屋基石foundation stone排衙石guard stone屏石screen stone石岸rock bank石阶stone steps汀步stepping stone on water surface附壁石stone appended to wall石花台stone flower bed石凳stone bench假山石挡土墙rock retaining wall干砌石dry stone wall假山石楼梯rock stairway石亭stone pavilion石洞stone cavern石窟grotto置石stone arrangement / stone layout拱石arch stone拱顶石key stone砖和混凝土砌块墙brick and concrete block walls 石头墙stone walls木头和金属栅栏wood and metal fences园林水景water scenes of garden水体water body水面water surface水池pool水塘pond喷泉fountain喷水池fountain pool涉水池wading pool倒影池mirror pool / reflecting pool睡莲池water-lily pool喷水管布置piping schema钓鱼塘fishing pond高水位池塘high water table pond池边坐人矮墙seat wall surrounded pool隐头喷泉secret fountain岛园island garden半岛园peninsula garden小岛isle瀑布waterfall小瀑布cascade湖lake矶rock projecting over water水帘洞water curtain cave壁泉wall fountain饮水喷头drinking fountain园桥garden bridge拱桥arch bridge石板桥stone slab bridge木板桥plank bridge圆木桥log bridge亭桥pavilion bridge曲桥zigzag bridge植物配植plant arrangement树木配植arrangement of trees and shrubs 群植group planting / mass planting孤植specimen planting / isolated planting 丛植clump planting组植group planting林植forest planting列植linear planting对植opposite planting / coupled planting 环植circular planting带植belt planting散植scattered planting / loose planting边缘种植edge planting边界种植boundary planting整形种植architectural planting基础种植foundation planting角隅种植corner planting景框种植planting as enframent门卫种植guard planting篱恒种植fence planting障景种植screen planting背景种植background planting林下种植underwood planting路边种植roadside planting绿植绿篱hedge树墙espalier庭荫树shade tree园景树specimen tree风景林amenity forest / ornamental forest 行道树avenue tree, street tree纪念林memorial forest整型树topiary tree花篱flower hedge刺篱thorny plants hedge常绿绿篱evergreen hedge落叶绿篱deciduous hedge高篱high hedge沟中边篱hah-hah fence图案矮篱pattern dwarf hedge迷宫绿篱labyrinth hedge整剪绿篱clipped hedge自然式花篱natural flowering hedge边篱boundary fence园篱garden fence / garden hedge纯林pure forest混交林mixed forest林间隙地open space in woodland杂木林spinney树冠覆盖面tree canopy草坪lawn整形草坪formal lawn开花草坪flowering lawn牧场草坪meadowy land花坛flower bed路边花坛roadside flower bed带状花坛ribbon flower bed时钟花坛flower clock盆栽花坛potted flower bed / basined flower bed高设花台raised flower bed毛毡花坛carpet bed镶嵌花坛mosaic bed铺石花坛paved bed灌木花坛shrub bed图案花坛群parterre草药花坛herbaceous flower bed花结花坛knot bed整形花坛formal flower bed活动花坛movable flower bed花境flower border花桶flower tub植树箱planting box瓶饰garden vase灌木花境shrub border混合花境mixed border园林道路设计garden road design, garden path design漫步路trail / footway小径alley, path川草坪岛lawn island安全岛traffic island / refuge island转弯曲度turning curvature转弯半径turning radius踏面landing pitch步石stepping stone涉水踏步wading step错铺路crazy paving path随意组合方石板路flag stone path paved at random花纹路pattern path林荫路mall林荫大道boulevard花园路parkway林间小道path in woodland种植池planting bed树池保护格栅tree grate树干保护套栏tree guard树池坐凳矮墙seatwall-surrounded planting路面线纹score line铺装，路面pavement柔性铺装，柔性路面flexible pavement刚性铺装，刚性路面rigid pavement道路pavements铺路材料，铺路机，铺石人paver铺装，铺路paving城市街道urban street道路roads道路设计要素roadway design elements道路尺寸roadway dimensions步行标准pedestrian standards平均步行距离average walking distance现状测量的线路测量route survey a survey of existing 道路定线测量alignment of route survey基础，路基subbase传统园林建筑traditional garden building凉亭summer shelter活树亭arbor / tent arbor蘑菇亭mushroom pavilion茅亭thatched pavilion竹亭bamboo pavilion茶亭tea booth / tea kiosk回廊cloister水廊corridor on water曲廊zigzag veranda扒山廊sloping gallery楼廊two-storied gallery画舫painted pleasure boat石舫stone boat不击舟immovable pleasure boat诗条石poem-engraved stone slab月洞门moon gate园林露天剧场open garden theater园林露天舞池open garden dancing place露天音乐台outdoor music stand眺望台prospect deck繁殖温室plant propagation greenhouse展览温室public conservatory月池new-moon pool园林小品small garden ornaments磁砖壁画painted tile mural tablet园椅garden chair / garden seat园凳garden bench园桌garden table园灯garden lamp日规sundial鸟浴bird bath鸟舍bird cottage / nestle box鸟笼bird cage, bird coop悬篮hanging basket野鸟喂食器bird feeder额匾horizontal inscribed board楹联couplet written on scroll / couplet on pillar引露天烤炉open barbecue树棚living-tree pergola花架pergola花格架trellis, treillage点景牌楼naming pailou / decorated archway扶手栏杆handrail坐凳栏杆seat rail石碑stone tablet / stele园林施工garden layout / garden construction种植工程planting engineering大树移植big tree transplanting裸根移植bare root transplanting土球移植ball transplanting沟植trench planting假植heeling in / temporary planting播种草坪seeding lawn铺草皮块草坪sodding lawn假山工程rockery engineering掇山五法five methods" of rock piling等分平衡法method of making the rock equa-tional and balanced前轻后重法method of making the front part of rock lighter than the back part 上轻下重法method of lowering the center of gravity of rocks纹理统一法method of unifying the rock veins石料统一法method of unifying the rock mate-rials观赏植物观赏树木ornamental tree and shrub观叶植物foliage plant观果植物fruit-effect plant观枝干植物plants with ornamental trunks and branches 指示植物indicating plant主景植物accent plant耐湿植物damp tolerant plant抗风植物wind-resistant plant耐盐碱植物saline-alkali tolerant plan耐盐植物salt tolerant plants市花city flower市树city tree国花national flower国树national tree芳香植物fragrant plant抗污染植物pollution resistant plant环保植物environment protecting plant高山植物alpine plant岩生植物rock plant攀缘植物climbing plant / climber地被植物ground cover plant阴生植物shade plant装饰植物decorative plant装缘植物edging plant绿蓠植物hedge plant草坪植物lawn plant / lawn grass花坛植物bedding plant球根植物bulbous plant宿根植物perennial plant / perennial水生植物aquatic plant / hydrophyte旱生植物xerophyte沼泽植物bog plant, swamp plant室内装饰植物indoor decorative plant / house plant切花cut flower垂枝植物pendulous plant / weeping plant缠绕植物twiner / twinning plant针叶植物needle-leaved plant阔叶植物broad-leaved plant斑叶植物variegate-leaved plant松柏植物conifer常绿植物evergreen plant半常绿植物semi-evergreen plant不耐寒植物tender plant半耐寒植物half-hardy plant耐寒植物hardy plant耐旱植物drought enduring plant盆栽植物container plants有害植物hazardous plants有毒植物noxious plants地被植物ground covers有毒植物noxious plants丛生植物package plants观赏动物ornamental animal观赏鸟类ornamental bird观赏兽类ornamental beast观赏昆虫类ornamental insect山石材料stone material昆山石Kunshan stone钟乳石stalactite灵壁石Lingbi stone英德石Yingde stone青石Qing stone宣石Xuan stone房山石Fangshan stone花园garden专类花园specified flower garden花园村garden village园林城市landscape garden city蔷薇园rose garden松柏园conifer garden球根园bulb garden宿根园perennial garden假山园rock garden / Chinese rockery狩猎场hunting ground街心花园street crossing center garden小游园petty street garden水景园water garden铺地园paved garden野趣园wild plants botanical garden野生植物园wild plants garden乡趣园rustic garden盆景园penjing garden, miniature landscape 动物园zoo / zoological garden墓园cemetery garden沼泽园bog and marsh garden水生植物园aquatic plants garden学校园school garden室内花园indoor garden芳香花园fragrant garden盲人花园garden for the blind日艺园japanese garden公共花园public garden屋顶花园roof garden私家花园private garden庭院花园courtyard garden前庭front yard, forecourt后庭back yard, rear yard中庭patio厨园kitchen yard沉[床]园sunken garden窗园window garden墙园wall garden宅园home garden台地园terrace garden冬园winter garden切花园cut flower garden屋顶花园roof garden后花园back yard garden公园park, public park城市公园city park, urban park区公园regional park儿童公园children park体育公园sports park森林公园forest park纪念公园memorial park烈士纪念公园martyr memorial park综合公园comprehensive park文化公园cultural park文化休憩公园cultural and recreation park 中央公园central park天然公园natural park海滨公园seaside park / seabeach park古迹公园historic site park河滨公园riverside park湖滨公园lakeside park路边公园roadside park / street park娱乐公园amusement park雕塑公园sculpture park休憩公园recreation park疗养公园sanatorium park国家公园national park邻里公园neighborhood park特种公园special park植物园botanical garden植物公园abeled plants park高山植物园alpine garden热带植物园tropical plants garden药用植物园medical plants garden / herb garden 风景landscape, scenery自然景观natural landscape人文景观human landscape / scenery of humanities 草原景观prairie landscape山岳景观mountain landscape / alpine landscape 地理景观geographical landscape湖泊景观lake view郊区景观suburban landscape地质景观geological landscape喀斯特景观karst landscape植物景观plants landscape / flora landscape中国园林史中国古典园林classical Chinese garden中国传统园林traditional Chinese garden中国古代园林ancient Chinese garden中国山水园Chinese mountain and water garden帝王宫苑imperial palace garden皇家园林royal garden私家园林private garden江南园林garden on the Yangtze Delta西方园林史西方古典园林western classical garden英国式园林English style garden中英混合式园林Anglo-Chinese style garden意大利式园林Italian style garden西班牙式园林Spanish style garden法兰西式园林French style garden勒诺特尔式园林Le Notre’s style garden文艺复兴庄园Renaissance style villa洛可可式园林Rococo style garden巴洛克式园林Baroque style garden庄园manor / villa garden廊柱园peristyle garden / patio绿廊xystus迷阵maze, labyrinth典型中西园林灵囿Ling You Hunting Garden灵沼Ling Zhao Water Garden灵台Ling Tai Platform Garden阿房宫E-Pang Palace上林苑Shang-Lin Yuan未央宫Wei-Yang Palace洛阳宫Luoyang Palace华清官Hua-Qing Palace艮岳Gen Yue Imperial Garden圆明园Yuan-Ming Yuan Imperial Garden颐和园Yi-He Yuan Imperial Garden / Summer Palace 承德避暑山庄Chengde Imperial Summer Resort苏州园林Suzhou traditional garden悬园Hanging Garden英国皇家植物园Royal Botanical Garden / Kew garden 凡尔赛宫苑Versailles Palace Park枫丹白露宫园Fontainebleau Palace Garden风景资源调查landscape resource evaluation风景学scenicology风景规划landscape plan风景设计landscape design游览路线touring route旅游资源tourism resource旅游地理tourism geography旅游地质tourism geology历史名城famous historical city文化名城famous cultural city文化遗址ancient cultural relic天然博物馆natural open museum风景地貌natural geomorphology造型地貌imaginative geomorphologic figuration风景区scenic spot / scenic area风景名胜famous scenery / famous scenic site特异景观风景区specific natural scenes area民族风俗风景区scenic spot of minority customs高山风景区alpine scenic spot海滨风景区seabeach scenic spot森林风景区forest scenic spot高山草甸风景区alpine tundra landscape spot峡谷风景区valley scenic spot江河风景区river landscape district湖泊风景区lake round scenic spot温泉风景区hot spring scenic spot瀑布风景区waterfall scenic spot禁伐禁猎区region forbidden to tree cutting and hunting封山育林区region closed for afforestation天池风景区crater lake scenic spot自然保护区nature protection area科学保护区protection area for scientific research天然纪念物natural monument生物圈保护区biosphere protection area园林形式garden style规整式园林formal garden style非规整园林informal garden style几何式园林geometric garden style自然式园林natural garden style混合式园mixed garden style近代巴洛克式园林modern Baroque style马克斯抽象园林R.B. Marx abstract garden园林艺术景view, scenery / feature远景distant view近景nearby view障景obstructive scenery, blocking view借景borrowed scenery / view borrowing对景opposite scenery / view in opposite place缩景miniature scenery / abbreviated scenery漏景leaking through scenery框景enframed scenery尾景terminal feature主景main feature副景secondary feature配景objective view夹景vista line, vista前景front view背景background景序order of sceneries景点feature spot / view spot仰视景观upward landscape俯视景观downward landscape季相景观seasonal phenomena气象景观meteorological diversity scenery视野visual field秋色fall color / autumn color园林空间garden space开敞空间wide open space / wide space封闭空间enclosure space意境artistic conception, poetic imagery苍古antiquity空灵spaciousness / airiness动观in-motion viewing静观in-position viewing视错觉visual illusion园林艺术布局artistic layout of garden对称平衡symmetrical balance不对称平衡asymmetrical balance左右对称bilateral symmetry辐射对称radial symmetry透景线perspective line轴线axis / axial line主轴main axis副轴auxiliary axis暗轴hidden axis / invisible axis树冠线skyline园林色彩艺术art of garden colors单色谐调monochromatic harmony复色谐调compound chromatic harmony对比色突出contrast colors accent近似色谐调approximate colors harmony暖色warm color冷色cool color色感color sense道路系统approach system, road system环形道路系统circular road system方格形道路系统latticed road system放射形道路系统radiate road system自然式道路系统informal road system规整式道路系统formal road system混合式道路系统mixed style road system机动车交通系统vehicular circulation systems园区管理游人调查visitors investigation游人统计visitors statistics游人分析garden visitors analysis游人管理visitors management导游图tourist map导游解说tour descri ption and direction劳动管理labour management物资管理material handling, goods handling设备管理equipment management / facility management 财务管理financial management安全管理safety management环境监测environmental monitor植物养护管理plant maintenance and management园林技术管理garden technical management质量管理quality management园貌维修garden feature maintenance植物整形修剪plant trimming and pruning植物病虫防治disease and insect control园林管理规划management plan游人意见处理treatment of visitors opinions游人规则visitors regulation园内交通管理traffic control in park园外交通管理traffic control out of park entrance汽车停车规则parking rules自行车停放规则bicycle parking rules开放时间opening time日常清洁卫生管理daily sanitation and hygiene management 园林设备garden equipment园林机械garden machine园林工具garden instrument / garden implement花坛分界隔板plastic bed divider种植容器planting container圆木桩log peg喷射装置jet bubbler滴灌trickle irrigator / drip irrigator环动喷灌器circle sprinkler圆筒喷灌器rotor sprinkler自控器automatic controller管端喷灌器hose end sprinkler固定喷灌器stationary sprinkler喷雾喷灌器mist sprinkler / spray head sprinkler喷灌覆盖面sprinkler coverage草坪加肥器lawn feeder施肥喷灌器combined feeder and sprinkler液肥混合调配器liquid fertilizer mixer-proportioner滴水喷头emitter / dripper水土保持塑料网erosion control plastic net苗木包装材料nursery stock package material麻布袋burlap bag铁丝篮wire basket篮状种植器basket container塑料苗木桶plastic nurserican播种盘seed tray网孔盆mesh pot含肥泥炭盆fertile peat pot盆栽机potting machine换盆机repotting machine再生纸种植器reclaimed paper container纤维育苗器wood fiber plant grower泥炭压制播种饼peat seeding pellet / peat seeding starter松土除草机cultivator旋转锄rotary hoe切叶机foliage cutter翻地犁uncovering plough盖土机mounted spreader前悬装土机front mounted loader后缀装土机rear mounted loader旋轴剪草机spindle mower栽植机planting machine植物覆盖plant mulching覆盖物分散机mulch spreader种子液肥喷洒机hydro seeder修枝剪pruning shear播种器garden seeder球根种植器bulb planter土壤酸度探测器pH-value computer巴效分析器fertilizer analyzer嫁接刀grafting knife温室设备greenhouse equipment盆栽灌水系统pot watering system温室气候控制器greenhouse climate controller 温室覆盖greenhouse covering喷雾自控系统automatic mist control system 二氧化碳发生器C02 generator温度报警钟temperature alarm游览车park sightseeing bus引剪草机lawn mower动力剪草机power lawnmower畜力剪草机horse lawnmower手推剪草机hand lawnmower专用词：美国规划师协会(APA) American Planning Association环境影响报告书（EIS）environmental impact statement国家环境政策法案（NEPA）National Environmental Policy Act国家污染物排放削减（NPDES）the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System 地理信息系统（GIS）Geographic Information System景观系数（KL）Landscape Coefficient(KL)土地保护局水土保持局的径流曲线数值法SCS Runoff Curve Number Method州环境政策法案（SEPAs）state environmental policy acts水相关污水处理wastewater treatment用水需求water demand水景，水体特征water feature喷灌泵display pumps蒸发evaporation水景效果water effects水质Water Quality水质容积water quality volume水源保护water resource protection水源water resource给水water supply流域watershed泄水孔weep hole湿滞留池wet detention ponds水压pressure灰水graywater循环使用的水recycled water地表水surface water地表水供应surface water supplies雨水蓄积，暴雨蓄积stormwater storage雨水排水管storm sewers雨水管理，暴雨管理stormwater management雨水高峰排放量stormwater peak discharge雨水径流系数stormwater runoff coefficients雨水径流估算stormwater runoff estimating雨水蓄积stormwater storage喷头选择和布置head selection and layout沉淀率，喷水速率precipitation rate咸水（海水）侵入saltwater intrusion砂滤池，砂滤层sand filters市政排水系统sewer systems municipal地表水膜，水膜浅流，层流，片流sheet flow循环水recycled water（地下水）补给沟渠recharge trenches地下水保护groundwater protection地下水补给groundwater recharge地下水资源，地下水储量groundwater resources饮用水potable water降雨，降水量precipitation自然排水道natural drainageways暴雨stormwater湿度，含水量，水汽含量moisture content市政排水系统municipal sewer systems灌溉irrigation灌溉池塘irrigation ponds灌溉系统irrigation systems灌溉水源sources of irrigation water耗水量低的滴灌系统low-volume drip system渗透床infiltration beds渗透池infiltration ponds渗透井infiltration wells雨水渗透stormwater infiltration不渗透地面比例impervious surface ratio法式排水French drains基座处排水，立足点排水footing drains结冻-融化周期frost-thaw cycle结冻深度，冰冻深度frost depth滤器，滤池，过滤，滤水filter strips过滤filtration过滤系统filtration systems雨水径流[量] stormwater runoff估算水流量estimating water flows土壤水分蒸发蒸腾损失总量速率evapotranspiration rate 不连续的非渗透地面disconnected imperviousness排水drainage排水系统drainage system饮用水drinking water干滞池dry detention ponds涵洞，暗沟，管道culverts雨水的输送技术stormwater conveyance techniques连续的非渗透地面connected imperviousness雨水沟渠，槽，渠道channels / stormwater环流模式circulation patterns城市河流urban streams地下排水subdrain水泵pumps。
城市景观规划设计外文文献翻译
城市景观规划设计外文文献翻译(含：英文原文及中文译文)文献出处：Brooker L. Ecological planning in the urban landscape design [J]. Landscape & Urban Planning, 2013, 6(4):15-26.英文原文Ecological planning in the urban landscape designBrooker L1 City and The Landscape1.1 Overview of Landscape DesignLandscape design, first, is a people's thinking activity, performed as an art activity. Diversified thoughts formed complex diverse landscape art style. Contemporary landscape design apparently see is the diversity of the landscape forms, in fact its essence is to keep the closing up to the natural order system, reflected the more respect for human beings, more in-depth perspective of the nature of human's reality and need, not to try to conquer the nature. it is not even imitating natural, but produce a sense of belonging. Landscape is not only a phenomenon but the human visual scene. So the earliest landscape implication is actually city scene. Landscape design and creation is actually to build the city.1.2 The Relationship between Landscape and UrbanCity is a product of human social, economic and cultural development, and the most complex type. It is vulnerable to the artificialand natural environmental conditions of interference. In recent decades, with worldwide the acceleration of urbanization, the urban population intensive, heavy traffic, resource shortage, environment pollution and ecology deterioration has become the focus of attention of the human society. In the current environment condition in our country, the problem is very serious. And in some urban areas, the pollution has quite serious, and greatly influenced and restricts the sustainable development of the city.Landscape is the relationship between man and man, man and nature. This is, in fact, a kind of human living process. Living process is actually with the powers of nature and the interaction process, in order to obtain harmonious process. The landscape is the result of human life in order to survive and to adapt the natural. At the same time, the living process is also a process of establishing harmonious coexistence. Therefore, as a colony landscape, it is a stigma of the relationship between man and nature.2 The city landscape planning and design2.1 city landscape elementsThe urban landscape elements include natural landscape and artificial landscape. Among them, the natural landscape is mainly refers to the natural scenery, such as size hills, ancient and famous trees, stone, rivers, lakes, oceans, etc. Artificial landscape are the main cultural relics,cultural site, the botanical garden afforestation, art sketch, trade fairs, build structure, square, etc. These landscape elements must offer a lot of examples for creating high quality of the urban space environment. But for a unique urban landscape, you must put all sorts of landscape elements in the system organization, and create an orderly space form. 2.2 The urban landscape in the planningThe city is an organic whole, which is composed with material, economy, culture, and society. To improve the urban environment is a common voice. The key of the urban landscape design is to strengthen urban design ideas, strengthen urban design work. And blend urban design thought into the stages of urban planning. The overall urban planning in the city landscape planning is not to abandon the traditional garden, green space planning, but the extension and development of it. Both are no conflict, but also cannot be equal. In landscape planning of city planning, we should first analysis the urban landscape resources structure; fully exploit landscape elements which can reflect the characteristics of urban. Consider carefully for the formation of the system of urban landscape.3 Ecological planning and urban landscape3.1 The relationship of urban landscape and ecological planningLandscape ecology is a newly emerged cross discipline, the main research space pattern and ecological processes of interaction, its theme isthe fork the geography and ecology. It's with the whole landscape as the object, through the material flow, energy flow and information flowing the surface of the earth and value in transmission and exchange, through the biological and the biological and the interaction between human and transformation, the ecological system principle and system research methods of landscape structure and function.The dynamic change of landscape has interaction mechanism, the research of the landscape pattern, optimizing the structure, beautify the reasonable use and the protection, have very strong practicability. Urban ecological system is a natural, economic and social composite artificial ecosystem, it including life system, environment system, with a complex multi-level structure, can be in different approaches of human activity and the mutual relationship between the city and influence. Urban environment planning guidance and coordination as a macro department interests, optimizing the allocation of land resources city, reasonable urban space environment organization the important strategic deployment, must have ecological concept. Only to have the ecological view, to guide the construction of the city in the future to ecological city goal, to establish the harmonious living environment.3.2 landscape in the living environment of ecological effectLandscape as a unit of land by different inlaid with obvious visual characteristics of the geographic entities, with the economic, ecologicaland aesthetic value, the multiple value judgment is landscape planning and management foundation. Landscape planning and design always is to create a pleasant landscape as the center. The appropriate human nature can understand the landscape for more suitable for human survival, reflect ecological civilization living environment, including landscape, building economy, prudent sex ecological stability, environmental cleanliness, space crowded index, landscape beautiful degree of content, the current many places for residential area of green, static, beauty, Ann's requirement is the popular expression. Landscape also paid special attention to the spatial relationship landscape elements, such as shape and size, density and capacity, links, and partition, location and of sequence, as their content of material and natural resources as important as quality. As the urban landscape planning should pay attention to arrange the city space pattern, the relative concentration of the open space, the construction space to density alternate with; In artificial environment appeared to nature; Increase the visual landscape diversity; Protect the environment Mindanao and to promote green space system construction.3.3 The urban landscape and ecological planning and design of the fusion of each otherIt is accompanied by industrialization and after the arrival of the era of industrial and increasingly clear. Natural and cultural, design of the environment and life environment, beautiful form and ecologicalfunctions of real comprehensive fusion, the landscape is no longer a single city of specific land, but let the ablation, to thousands; It will let nature participate in design; Let the natural process with every one according to daily life; Let people to perception, experience and care the natural process and natural design.3.4 The city landscape ecological planning the humanized design"it is with the person this" design thought Contemporary landscape in meet purpose at the same time, more in-depth perspective on human of the nature of reality and needs. First performance for civilian design direction, application of natural organic materials and elastic curve form rich human life space. Next is the barrier-free design, namely no obstacle, not dangerous thing, no manipulation of the barrier design. Now there have been the elderly, the disabled, from the perspective of the social tendency, barrier-free design ideas began to gain popularity, at the same time for disadvantaged people to carry on the design also is human nature design to overall depth direction development trend. "It is with the person this" the service thoughts still behave in special attention to plant of bright color, smell good plant, pay attention to ZuoJu texture and the intensity of the light. The detail processing of considerate more expression of the concern, such as the only step to shop often caused visual ignored and cause staggered, in order to avoid this kind of circumstance happening, contemporary landscape sites do not be allowedunder 3 steps; And as some residential area and square in the bush set mop pool, convenient the district's hygiene and wastewater recycling water. "It is with the person this" the service thoughts in many ways showed, the measure of the standard is human love.Human landscape design concept is human landscape design is to point to in landscape design activity, pay attention to human needs, in view of the user to the environment of the landscape of a need to spread design, which satisfied the user "physiological and psychological, physical and mental" multi-level needs, embodies the "people-oriented" design thought. Urban public space human landscape design, from the following four aspects to understand: physical level of care. Human landscape design with functional and the rationality of design into premise condition, pay attention to the physical space reasonable layout and effective use of the function. Public space design should not only make people's psychology and physiology feels comfortable, still should configuration of facilities to meet people's complex activities demand.Club will level of care. Emphasizes the concern of human survival environment, the design in the area under the background of urban ecological overall planning and design, to make the resources, energy rationally and effectively using, to achieve the natural, social and economic benefits of the unity of the three. to a crowd of segmentation close care. Advocate barrier-free design, and try to meet the needs ofdifferent people use, and to ensure that the group of mutual influence between activities, let children, old people, disabled people can enjoy outdoor public the fun of life.4 The design of the sustainable developmentSustainable development principle, it is the ecology point of view, to the city system analysis, and with the minimum the minimal resource consumption to satisfy the requirements of the human, and maintain the harmony of human and the natural environment, guarantee the city several composition system-to protect natural evolution process of open space system and the urban development system balance. People are to landscape 'understanding of the contemporary landscape design and the function to reflect, have been completely out of the traditional gardening activities, the concept of landscape art value unconsciously and ecological value, the function value, cultural value happened relationship, landscape art category than before more pointed to the human is closely linked with the various aspects, become more profound and science. Contemporary landscape also actively use new technology to improve the ecological value. Such as the use of solar energy for square garden, lighting and sound box equipment supply electricity; The surface water "cycle" design concept, collecting rainwater for irrigation and waterscape provides the main resources; Using the principle of the construction of the footway, buoys that environmental protection level a kiss andinteresting. Natural change" landscape humanized waterscape design, avoid the manual water scene is the difficulty of the later-period management, but in the water since the net, purifying environment and promote biodiversity play a huge role. Therefore, to experience the landscape will surely is contained to nature and the tradition, to human compatibility.中文译文城市景观设计中的生态规划Brooker L1城市和景观1.1景观设计概述景观设计首先是一种人们的思维活动，作为一种艺术活动来进行。
某项目景观设计方案(中英文版)
4、为满足业主的集体活动 需求，专设两个大型的 综合活动区域；
人行流线分析---Pedestrian streamline analysis 主要人流分两种：
1、入户人行流线——强调 直达性；
2、观景漫步流线——围绕 景观活动空间来展开；
3、主要人行与车行分开， 做到人车分流；
车行流线及管理分析---Car flow and management analysis 主要人流分两种：
景观节点设计
Landscape node design
景观节点 分区图---Landscape node partition map
主入口景观区域
竖轴北部景观区域
横轴景观区域
竖轴南部景观区域
主入口景观节点——方案一---The main entrance landscape nodes – Scheme 1
1、为达到最佳景观效果， 对车行流线进行了调 整，车流不经过主要景 观轴，同时满足了住户 的车行要求； 2、人车分流； 3、为节省管理成本，保安 亭设置——三个固定、 两个活动，其余刷卡进 入；
总平面图---Master plan
中轴竖轴景观方案二平面图---Central axle landscape master plan of two
方案一中轴北部景观---Plan 1 northern of the center
草坪活动空间
绿树掩映中的景亭 樱花大道 老年活动中心 木廊下的休息场所 樱花大道 树荫下的活动广场 下沉活动广场 景亭
方案一中轴北部景观效果图--- Plan 1 northern of the center designsketch
中间水景提升了景观层次感，水景延伸到会所前广场，使整个入口空间气势连贯一气呵成；
景观设计的英文作文
景观设计的英文作文Landscape Design。
Landscape design plays an important role in creating a beautiful and functional outdoor space. It involves the planning, design, and management of outdoor areas such as parks, gardens, and public spaces. A well-designed landscape can enhance the aesthetic appeal of a property, provide a sense of place, and improve the quality of life for those who use it.The first step in landscape design is to assess thesite and determine its unique characteristics. This includes analyzing the soil, topography, climate, and existing vegetation. Once this information is gathered, the designer can begin to develop a concept for the space. This may involve creating a theme, selecting plants and materials, and designing features such as paths, water features, and outdoor structures.One of the key principles of landscape design is unity. This refers to the idea that all elements of the design should work together to create a cohesive and harmonious whole. This can be achieved through the use of repetition, balance, and proportion. For example, repeating certain plant species or colors throughout the design can create a sense of continuity and unity.Another important principle is function. A well-designed landscape should be functional and meet the needs of those who use it. This may involve creating spaces for relaxation, socializing, or recreation. It may also involve designing paths and walkways that are accessible and easy to navigate.Sustainability is also a key consideration in landscape design. This involves designing with the environment in mind and using practices that minimize the impact on natural resources. This may include using native plantsthat require less water and maintenance, using permeable paving materials to reduce runoff, and incorporating features such as rain gardens and green roofs.In conclusion, landscape design is an important aspect of creating beautiful and functional outdoor spaces. It involves careful planning, attention to detail, and a focus on principles such as unity, function, and sustainability.A well-designed landscape can enhance the quality of life for those who use it and contribute to the overall beauty of the surrounding environment.。
施工图设中建筑专业常用中英文对照表
施工图设中建筑专业常用中英文对照表一、建筑专业基本术语建筑设计：Architectural Design施工图：Construction Drawings平面图：Floor Plan立面图：Elevation剖面图：Section细部图：Detail结构设计：Structural Design装修设计：Interior Design景观设计：Landscape Design二、建筑构件及材料墙体：Wall柱子：Column梁：Beam楼板：Floor Slab屋顶：Roof窗户：Window门：Door钢筋：Rebar混凝土：Concrete砖：Brick瓦：Tile木材：Timber三、建筑尺寸及单位长度：Length宽度：Width高度：Height直径：Diameter厚度：Thickness毫米：Millimeter (mm)厘米：Centimeter (cm)米：Meter (m)千米：Kilometer (km)英寸：Inch (in)英尺：Foot (ft)码：Yard (yd)四、建筑专业符号及图标标高：Datum Level指北针：Compass剖切符号：Cutting Plane 索引符号：Index图例：Legend比例尺：Scale注释：AnnotationTitle五、建筑专业软件及工具计算机辅助设计：ComputerAided Design (CAD)建筑信息模型：Building Information Modeling (BIM) AutoCAD：AutoCADRevit：RevitSketchUp：SketchUp3ds Max：3ds MaxPhotoshop：Photoshop施工图设中建筑专业常用中英文对照表六、建筑专业工序及施工方法地基处理：Foundation Treatment土方工程：Earthwork钢筋绑扎：Rebar Tying模板工程：Formwork混凝土浇筑：Concrete Pouring砌体施工：Masonry Construction屋面施工：Roof Construction装饰工程：Finishing Work现场安装：Site Installation预制构件：Prefabricated Component七、建筑安全及规范建筑安全：Building Safety施工规范：Construction Code防火等级：Fire Rating抗震设防：Seismic Protection无障碍设计：Accessibility Design环境保护：Environmental Protection节能标准：Energy Efficiency Standards 建筑法规：Building Regulations八、建筑功能分区办公区：Office Area住宅区：Residential Area商业区：Commercial Area教学区：Educational Area医疗区：Medical Area文娱区：Recreational Area交通枢纽：Transport Hub公共空间：Public Space九、建筑风格及流派古典主义：Classicism现代主义：Modernism后现代主义：Postmodernism折衷主义：Eclecticism功能主义：Functionalism解构主义：Deconstructivism表现主义：Expressionism环境主义：Environmentalism十、建筑服务系统供水系统：Water Supply System排水系统：Drainage System供电系统：Power Supply System通风系统：Ventilation System空调系统：Air Conditioning System暖通系统：Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC)消防系统：Fire Protection System通讯系统：Communication System通过这份对照表，我们希望能够帮助建筑专业人员在国际项目中更好地沟通和交流。
各类专业工程施工英文名称
各类专业工程施工英文名称如下：1. 建筑工程（Construction Engineering）- 建筑施工（Building Construction）- 土建工程（Civil Engineering）- 钢结构工程（Steel Structure Engineering）- 装饰工程（Decoration Engineering）- 防水工程（Waterproofing Engineering）- 地基与基础工程（Foundation and Basic Engineering） - 幕墙工程（Curtain Wall Engineering）- 园林绿化工程（Landscaping Engineering）2. 市政工程（Municipal Engineering）- 道路工程（Road Engineering）- 桥梁工程（Bridge Engineering）- 隧道工程（Tunnel Engineering）- 给排水工程（Drainage Engineering）- 供电工程（Power Supply Engineering）- 燃气工程（Gas Engineering）- 通信工程（Communication Engineering）3. 电力工程（Power Engineering）- 发电工程（Power Generation Engineering）- 输电工程（Transmission Engineering）- 变电工程（Substation Engineering）- 配电工程（Distribution Engineering）- 电缆工程（Cable Engineering）4. 水利工程（Hydraulic Engineering）- 水库工程（Reservoir Engineering）- 河道工程（River Engineering）- 港口工程（Port Engineering）- 防洪工程（Flood Control Engineering）- 灌溉工程（Irrigation Engineering）5. 环境工程（Environmental Engineering）- 污水处理工程（Sewage Treatment Engineering）- 固废处理工程（Waste Disposal Engineering）- 环保设施工程（Environmental Protection Facility Engineering） - 环境监测工程（Environmental Monitoring Engineering）6. 交通工程（Transportation Engineering）- 公路工程（Highway Engineering）- 铁路工程（Railway Engineering）- 机场工程（Airport Engineering）- 轨道交通工程（Rapid Transit Engineering）7. 矿业工程（Mining Engineering）- 矿山开采工程（Mine Mining Engineering）- 矿井工程（Mine Engineering）- 选矿工程（Mineral Processing Engineering）8. 机械设备安装工程（Mechanical Equipment Installation Engineering） - 设备安装工程（Equipment Installation Engineering）- 自动化控制系统工程（Automation Control System Engineering）- 仪表安装工程（Instrument Installation Engineering）9. 园林景观工程（Landscape Engineering）- 景观设计工程（Landscape Design Engineering）- 景观施工工程（Landscape Construction Engineering）- 景观规划工程（Landscape Planning Engineering）10. 照明工程（Illumination Engineering）- 道路照明工程（Road Illumination Engineering）- 室内照明工程（Indoor Illumination Engineering）- 景观照明工程（Landscape Illumination Engineering）以上各类专业工程施工英文名称仅作参考，实际应用中可能会有所不同。
英语作文景观设计
英语作文景观设计英文回答：Landscape design is an art form that involves the planning, design, and construction of outdoor spaces. It is a multidisciplinary field that draws on elements of architecture, horticulture, and environmental science to create aesthetically pleasing and functional outdoor environments.As a landscape designer, my goal is to create outdoor spaces that are both beautiful and practical. I work with my clients to understand their needs and desires, and then develop a design that meets their specific requirements.I take into account a variety of factors when designinga landscape, including the climate, soil conditions, and available sunlight. I also consider the client's lifestyle and aesthetic preferences.I use a variety of materials in my designs, including plants, stone, water, and wood. I often use native plants, which are well-adapted to the local climate and soil conditions. I also use a variety of hardscape materials, such as stone, concrete, and brick, to create patios, walkways, and other structures.I am passionate about creating outdoor spaces that people can enjoy. I believe that well-designed landscapes can improve our quality of life and make our communities more livable.中文回答：景观设计是一门涉及户外空间规划、设计和施工的艺术形式。
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Syllabus for undergraduate of OUC
Course name：Landscape Planning and Design Course time：36
Course teacher：Dan Pei
1.Course Overview
This course is an elective course for the senior students, as well as a guide course for landscape planning and design. Its contents include the development history of landscape planning, the basic theory, main steps and methods of landscape planning and design, and the design principles and methods of typical types of landscape.
2.Student Learning Outcomes
After the course, the students should be able to:
(1)understand the concept and theory of landscape and landscape planning, and use them to
interpret and analyze practical problems
(2)master the planning and design procedures and methods of typical types of landscape,
especially urban open space and tourism area
(3)conduct group research on practical problems and use the basic methods and techniques
of landscape investigation, analysis, evaluation, and decision making
3.Course Expectations
This course would help the students have a more comprehensive understanding about
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landscape planning and design, and applicate the basic methods and techniques of the landscape survey, analysis, evaluation and decision making through teamwork and integrated use of subject knowledge.
4.Assignments
(1) Students should attend the class on time and actively participate in class discussions.
(2) Personal assignments and group assignments should be finished in time.
(3) Students should submit a final research report on site analysis and planning.
5.Books To Purchase
Tourism Landscape Design. Cui Li, Tourism Education Press, 2008.
6.Grading Policy
7.Course Calendar
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