第八章人际交流风格

Chapter 8 Communication Styles【引言（2分钟）】Hello, every one. Nice to meet you again. Last class, we have learned Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development .I think only when we finish assessing clients’psychological crises, we may take measures accordingly to help them. Similarly, before we apply communication skills and strategies in the nurse-client relationship, we must acknowledge communication styles of clients. But what is communication style? How to explore it? … Chapter 8 will give us some directions. Let’s learn them together, ok?【正文】【Outline（4分钟）】First, let’s look at the outline.（对标“＃”单词做解释）●Basic ConceptsMetacommunicationVerbal CommunicationCultural Implications in Spoken LanguageEnglish as a Second Language＃Slang and Jargon＃Pitch and Tone in VocalizationGender Differences in Verbal CommunicationNonverbal CommunicationDynamic language on Nonverbal CommunicationStatic language on Nonverbal CommunicationInterpreting Nonverbal Body Cues and Facial ExpressionsClothing as a Nonverbal Message●ApplicationsKnowing Your Own Communication StyleInterpersonal CompetenceStyle Factors Influencing RelationshipsResponsiveness of ParticipantsRoles of ParticipantsValidation of Individual WorthContext of the MessageInvolvement in the RelationshipSummary【Objective（3分钟）】Because we have 3 classes today. So at the end of the chapter, we should be able to:1. Describe the component systems of communication.2. Identify the influencing factors of verbal communication.3. Describe the components of dynamic language .4. Identify the components of static language .5.Define interpersonal competence6.Identify five communication style factors that influence the nurse-client relationship〖说明〗目标中2、3、4是重点， 6是难点。

【目标1】Describe the component systems of communication〖定义（2分钟）〗Communication is a complex composite of verbal and nonverbal behaviors integrated for the purpose of sharing information.It is easy to understand there are two component systems of communication. One is verbal system, the other nonverbal system. Also the two systems have their components or factors respectively. Just look at the figure9-1, you will find that.But in our book, there is a new concept ”metacommunication“. When I learn it,I really have some difficulties. Perhaps we can go deep into it through discussing together.〖Discussion（4分钟）〗Please read the content and the examples in the book. Then tell me your opinion about the translation and meaning of the concept”metacommunication“.Metacommunication is broad term used to describe all of the factors that influence how the message is perceived (Fig.9-1)An example is the ”play fighting”observed in animals and children. Bateson noted that for an organism（生物体） to "play”at fighting ,it must both appear to be fighting and simultaneously appear not to be actually fighting but merely stimulating.This message about how to interpret what is going on is metacommunication (Mitchell,1991).〖Express respectively（6分钟）〗First, 学生发言.Then, 我的看法：Metacommunicated messages may be hidden within verbalizations or be conveyed as nonverbal gestures and expressions.According to the case example and the interpretation ,I think it may be translated as”潜交流“in chinese. 这与我们平时说的“潜台词”十分相似。

它可以通过语言的语音、语调、语气、文化涵义等，以及非语言中的身势语、眼神、表情、姿势等一切影响信息接收者对信息的理解的因素来反映。

Metacommunication in the nurse-client conversation conveys messages about how to interpret meaning through both verbal and nonverbal clues. Understanding it needs an ability of observing.The congruence of verbal and nonverbal message will help us to convey our messages. For example, when we are communicating positive attitudes toward clients, the nonverbal message we can use is eye contact, body posture, head nodding at pivotal points in the conversation, and frequent smiling. So that messages will be accepted more easily. But when nonverbal cues are incongruent with the verbal information, messages are likely to be misinterpreted.【语言交流（15分钟）】学生主讲，完成目标2。

【承上启下（1分钟）】As we know, our communication forms are composed of verbal and nonverbal communication. So the first two objectives have been achieved.语言符号是人类最重要、最便捷的沟通媒介，但不是唯一的沟通媒介。

大家应该还记得说同样的一句“对不起”,会有好几种表达方式。

其实这就是非语言符号所起的作用。

【非语言交流】教师主讲，完成目标3。

【定义与作用（3分钟）】There are no fixed definitions in English （幻灯展示）*Nonverbal communication can be viewed as occurring whenever an individual communicates without the use of sounds.* Nonverbal communication is the study of facial expressions, touch, time, gestures, smell, eye behavior, and so on.*中文：非语言符号是人类社会沟通的另一重要手段，它是以人的仪表、姿态、动作、神情、人际距离等作为沟通媒介，进行传递信息，表达感情的一种无声语言。