货物积载与系固训练
货物积载与系固评估题库2
D. 空陆水联运集装箱
67.请问下图是集装箱的什么标志( A )。
A. 国际铁路联盟标志
B. 安全标志
C. 进出口标志 D. 陆地运输标志 68.如下图,是集装箱的什么标志( B )。 A. 防止雷击 B. 登箱顶触电警告 C. 禁止使用
D. 勿靠近
69.在国际标准集装箱标志中,第三行位置按顺序标 明的内容是( C )。
A. 图1防挤压
C. 图3禁用手推车
B. 图2禁用叉车
D. 图4堆码重量极限
17.如下图的注意标志,代表什么意思( C )。
A. 怕压
B. 禁止堆码
C. 堆码层数极限
D.禁止翻滚
18.如下图的注意标志,代表什么意思( B )。
A. 串联 C. 禁止翻滚
B. 由此吊起 D. 禁止堆码
19.如果货物的标志不当或不清,则( A)。 A. 承运人对由此引起的混票、毁坏、错交等损失不负责任 B. 承运人对由此引起的混票、毁坏、错交等损失负责任
9.在装货单、提单、舱单上需要记录的标志是( A )。 A. 主标志 B. 副标志
C. 注意标志 D. 指示标志 10.在货物的标志中,图案形象醒目,色彩鲜艳的标志是 ( D )。
A. 主标志
C. 指示标志
B. 副标志
D. 警戒标志
11.货物标志中,专门用于危险货物,表示其类别及特性 的标志是( D )。
A.250mm×250mm
C.76mm×76mm
Hale Waihona Puke B.100mm×100mm
D.50mm×50mm
57.《国际危规》规定,危险货物标牌的尺寸应不小 于( A )。
A.250mm×250mm C.76mm×76mm B.100mm×100mm D. 无具体规定
货物积载与系固实操培训
装载系统操作步骤(续)
稳总
性纵
状强
况
度 状 况
局部强 尾、首吃水 度状况
吃水差
横倾角
装载系统操作步骤(续)
2.3 将初始文件“arrivalx.stb” 改名为自己文 件名,即:选菜单File/Save Voyage as…项,随 后:
1.将原“*.stb”改为自 己的“文件名.stb”
• 3.2 选菜单“Window/Tile”项, 平铺四 窗口。
– 注:当显示器分辨率小于 1024X769时,选菜
右移,扩大货舱窗口宽度 右移,扩大液体舱窗口宽度
装载系统操作步骤(续)
• 3.3 调整各窗口宽度,保证货舱和液体舱 窗口能够操作,调整后窗口为:
装载系统操作步骤(续)
4. 在货舱窗口内输入散矿的积载因数, 在液体舱窗口内排出压载水,即: ( 仅适合操作级 )
装载系统操作步骤(续)
4. 在货舱窗口内输入各舱的货物积载 因数即:( 仅适合管理级 )
1.垂向拖曳鼠标选定各舱数据
2.按题输入散矿的积载因 数,确认无误后按回车键
3.选压载水液体项
装载系统操作步骤(续)
5.制定“装货计划和压载水排放表”
• 5.1 按先中部,后首尾顺序逐舱分两、三 次装入货物,同时在相近压载舱左右均衡 排放压载水;每舱装载中要求满足:
7.储存文件,完成答题卷
• 7.1 选菜单“File / Save Voyage”项单击,储 存文件;
• 7.2 关闭强度曲线窗口,打开下列二个窗口:
– 1. 选“Results / Stability Results”项,打开稳 性指标数值显示窗口;
无限航区船舶三副货运评估题B海大
无限航区船舶三副货物积载与系固评估题(B)3.1.1普通货物标志(6分)1、图中红线框中是:a)主标志b) 副标志c)注意标志2、图中红线框中是:a)主标志b) 副标志c)注意标志3、图中红线框中标志是()3.1.2危险货物包装及标志(6分)4、上图中标志:a)2.1 b) 2.2 c)2.35、下图中标记是()3.1.3集装箱标记(2分)6、下图框中标记的表示的内容和含义是()3.2.1普通杂货积载(8分)7、下图木桶堆垛是否正确?如不正确,原因是()8、下图铁桶堆垛衬垫是否正确?如不正确,原因是()9、某舱有货物积载如下图是否正确;3.2.2危险货物积载与隔离(6分)3m 3m 3m6m 12m24m 10下列何为隔离1AB C D11 下图集装箱积载的是否正确,如不正确,原因是()3.2.3集装箱积载与系固(12分)12 下图红圈中集装箱系固设备是()作用是()。
13 下图红圈位置采用何种系固设备是正确的.ABCD3.2.4货物单元积载与系固(14分)14下图掘土机积载是否正确;15 掘土机重30吨,按经验公式计算,采用破断力为11.5吨的钢丝如图系固是否安全?16 下图系固设备应用是否正确;17 下图移动罐体系固方法是否正确。
3.3.1船舶水尺标志识读(4分)18下图船舶水尺读数为()19写出船舶纵倾时平均吃水计算公式()20船舶首尾平均吃水8.95m,判断船舶拱垂3.3.2船舶载重线标志识读(2分)21读出下图黑圈中船舶载重线标志为()22本轮12月中旬由湛江开往新加坡,应使用那一条载重线。
3.4.1杂货船配载图(14分)23 下述装载能力核算的是否正确.某轮6月20日由黄埔开往印尼泗水,装港限制吃水9米.查船舶资料DWs19710t,满载吃水是9.80米,船舶储备1000吨,船舶常数200吨,包装舱容19591方.本航次准备装18500吨/ 17000方(含亏舱)核算船舶装载能力:NDW=19710-1000-200=18510吨>18500吨19510>17000结论:可以按要求配装.3.4.1杂货船配载图(14分)各货舱配货重量核算表表-1离港别舱别数量(t)No.1No.2No.3No.4No.5合计各舱容占总值百分比(%)9.36%25.77%27.87%22.47%14.53%100%离港各舱装货重量上下限允许范围(t)1800450050004000270018000预配使用舱容180042004800350027001700024 识别货舱装载重量和体积的正确性;某轮5月17日由黄埔开往曼谷,无吃水限制.查船舶资料DWt19710t,船舶储备1000吨,船舶常数200吨,包装舱容19591方.本航次准备装18000吨/17000方(含亏舱)25 Q轮由天津开往曼谷\卡拉其\迪拜\达曼.左图中NO.2货物配装港序是否正确卡26 Q轮由天津开往曼谷\卡拉其\迪拜\达曼.左图中NO.3货物搭配是否正确卡27 下图中B 货的位置是( )A BCDE←尾首→28 下图中装货港是( )29 下图批注中红色字的中文意思是( )REMARKS:1)ALL DERRICKS SWL IS 5T。
货物积载与系固
《货物积载与系固》理论考试考试样卷【返回】单选题(每题1分,共257题)1、下图菱形图案内的内容指的是A、商品品名B、货主代号C、商标D、商品出产厂名参考答案:B 难度系数:2题库编号:116582、对下图货物标志,信息解读错误的是A、该货物收货人为DISC-RB、该货物目的港为RussiaC、该件货物为整箱的1/2D、该货物原产地为TAIWAN参考答案:C 难度系数:2题库编号:116593、下图菱形图案内应填写A、收货人名称B、货物名称C、目的港D、原产国标志参考答案:A 难度系数:2题库编号:116604、下图“LEVENTHAL”指的是A、商品名称B、生产厂名C、收货人名称D、目的港名称参考答案:C 难度系数:2题库编号:116615、对下图货物标志,信息解读错误的是A、该货物生产商为LEVENTHALB、该货物去HONGKONGC、该货物为第45箱货物D、该货物原产地为TAIWAN参考答案:A 难度系数:2题库编号:116626、对下图侧唛的理解,从上至下依次为A、产品编号、件号、毛重、净重、尺码B、件号、数量、皮重、净重、尺码C、提单号、件号、皮重、净重、尺码D、产品编号、数量、毛重、净重、尺码参考答案:D 难度系数:2题库编号:116637、对下图货物标志的理解,从上至下依次为()。
备注:P.O为purchase order(订单号码)的缩写;DESC为description(产品名称)的缩写A、买方进出口公司名称、目的港、订单号、件号、产品名称、数量、产品编号、产地B、买方进出口公司名称、产地、订单号、产品编号、产品名称、数量、件号、目的港C、买方进出口公司名称、目的港、订单号、产品编号、产品名称、数量、件号、产地D、买方进出口公司名称、产地、订单号、件号、产品名称、数量、产品编号、目的港参考答案:C 难度系数:2题库编号:116648、下图货物标志中,副标志的内容包括A、全部B、前三行C、后三行D、后二行参考答案:C 难度系数:2题库编号:116659、下图件号标志货物标志中,C/NO. 1/2表示A、该件货物为整箱的1/2B、该组货物为1至2箱货物C、该件货物为2箱货物中的某一箱D、以上都不对参考答案:C 难度系数:2题库编号:1166610、件号标志Bags NO. 81/120表示A、该批货物共120袋,该件货物为第39袋B、该批货物共120袋,该件货物为第81袋C、该批货物共201袋,该件货物为第120袋D、该批货物为自81至120一组货物的某一袋参考答案:D 难度系数:2题库编号:1166711、件号标志Case NO. 3/18-5表示A、该件货物共18箱中的第三箱应装载在第二舱B、该件货物共18套,此为第3箱C、该件货物为第5批、共18箱中的第三箱D、该件货物为第8套、共5箱中的第3箱参考答案:C 难度系数:2题库编号:1166812、件号标志SET?Case(2)-3/8表示A、该件货物共八箱中的第三箱应装载在第二舱B、该件货物共八套,此为第(2)-3箱C、该件货物为第二套、共八箱中的第三箱D、该件货物为第八套、共三箱中的第二箱参考答案:C 难度系数:2题库编号:1166913、下列4种注意标志中,辨认错误的是A、图1,易碎物品B、图2,禁用吊起C、图3,向上D、图4,怕晒参考答案:B 难度系数:2题库编号:1167014、下列4种注意标志中,辨认错误的是A、图1,怕辐射B、图2,怕雨C、图3,由此吊起D、图4,禁止翻滚参考答案:C 难度系数:2题库编号:1167115、下列4种注意标志中,辨认错误的是A、图1,堆码层数极限B、图2,禁用叉车C、图3,禁止推压D、图4,堆码重量极限参考答案:C 难度系数:2题库编号:1167216、下列4种注意标志中,辨认错误的是A、图1,此面禁用手推车B、图2,禁止堆码C、图3,由此吊起D、图4,冷藏货物参考答案:D 难度系数:2题库编号:1167317、下列4种注意标志中,辨认错误的是()A、图1,玻璃物品B、图2,向上C、图3,重心点D、图4,由此吊起参考答案:A 难度系数:2题库编号:1167418、对下列标记代码,信息理解错误的是()A、包装符合联合国标准要求B、包装类型为木箱C、包装符合Ⅱ、Ⅲ级包装要求D、该包装拟装固体货物,包装允许最大总重为100g参考答案:D 难度系数:2题库编号:1167519、对下列标记代码,信息理解错误的是()A、该包装符合国家标准要求B、该包装类型为开口钢桶C、该包装符合Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级包装要求参考答案:B 难度系数:2题库编号:1167620、对下列危险货物标志,辨认错误的是()B、图2,适用于非易燃、无毒气体C、图3,适用于有机过氧化物D、图4,适用于Ⅲ级放射性物质参考答案:C 难度系数:2题库编号:1167721、对下列危险货物标志,辨认错误的是()A、图1,适用于无重大危险的物质或物品B、图2,适用于易燃固体C、图3,适用于Ⅰ级放射性物质D、图4,适用于腐蚀品参考答案:B 难度系数:2题库编号:1167822、对下列危险货物标志,辨认错误的是()A、图1,适用于有毒气体B、图2,适用于易自燃物质C、图3,适用于Ⅱ级放射性物质D、图4,适用于杂类危险货物和物品参考答案:B 难度系数:2题库编号:1167923、对下列危险货物标志,辨认错误的是()A、图1,适用于具有整体爆炸危险但极不敏感的物质或物品B、图2,适用于易燃气体C、图3,适用于遇水放出易燃气体的物质D、图4,适用于禁止捕鱼参考答案:D 难度系数:2题库编号:1168024、对下列危险货物标志,辨认错误的是()A、适用于易燃液体B、适用于有机过氧化物C、适用于有毒气体D、适用于裂变性物质参考答案:C 难度系数:2题库编号:1168125、对下列危险货物标志,辨认错误的是()A、图1,适用于无整体爆炸危险的极不敏感的物品B、图2,适用于加温标记C、图3,适用于熏蒸警告D、图4,适用于放射性物质参考答案:D 难度系数:2题库编号:1168226、对下列危险货物标志,说法错误的是()A、图1,**属于危险类别的位置,*属于积载类的位置B、图2,适用于具有次危险性为腐蚀品的物质C、图3,适用于B级生物物质(UN3373)D、图4,适用于限量内危险货物参考答案:A 难度系数:2题库编号:1168327、对下图危险货物标志,辨认错误的是(),,,A、最下层“1”表示该物质为第1类危险品B、Explosive表示该物质为爆炸品D、E表示该危险品的积载类为E参考答案:D 难度系数:2题库编号:1168428、对下图危险货物标志,辨认错误的是()A、图1,该危险货物标志表示物质主危险性为第1类爆炸品B、图2,1.3表示该物质为具有燃烧危险,但无整体爆炸危险的物质或物品C、图2,*号处应该填写该危险货物的配载类D、图3,小的为图案标志,大的为标牌参考答案:A 难度系数:2题库编号:1168529、下图集装箱标记,识别错误的是()A、右上角第一行(CAIU2274424)为集装箱箱号B、右上角第二行(22G1)为集装箱尺寸和类型代码C、22G1中,前面2代表箱长为20ft、后面2代表箱高ftD、22G1中,G1代表“货箱上部空间有透气孔”参考答案:C 难度系数:2题库编号:1168630、下图集装箱标记,识别错误的是()A、45G1,代表集装箱尺寸和类型代码B、(9’6”),表示该集装箱为超高箱C、ic70,表示该集装箱符合《国际公路联盟条例》规定的技术条件D、SUPER HEAVY,为超重标志参考答案:C 难度系数:2题库编号:1168731、下图集装箱标记,识别错误的是()A、此为空陆水联运集装箱标记B、带有此标记的集装箱,因其设计强度较低,海上运输时这类箱禁止在甲板上堆装C、带有此标记的集装箱,在舱内堆码时箱上最多允许堆装1层D、带有此标记的集装箱,在陆上堆码时箱上最多堆装3层参考答案:D 难度系数:2题库编号:1168832、下图集装箱标记,识别错误的是()A、图1,上为“经批准作为海关加封货物运输”金属标牌,下为“CSC 安全合格”金属标牌B、图2,免疫牌标记C、图3,超高箱警告标记D、图4,登箱顶触电警告标记参考答案:B 难度系数:2题库编号:1168933、对袋装货物的堆码方法,以下说法错误的是()A、图1,垂直堆码(Bag on bag)B、图2,压缝堆码(Half bag)C、图3,纵横压缝堆码D、图4,横向堆码参考答案:D 难度系数:2题库编号:1169034、对袋装货物的堆码,以下说法错误的是()A、图1,采用的是纵横压缝堆码B、图1,该堆码垛形稳固,但操作费力C、图2,采用的是集装袋直立堆码D、图2,由于集装袋单件重量大,采用该方法堆码后,货垛周围无需绑扎固定参考答案:D 难度系数:2题库编号:1169135、对箱装货物的堆码要求,以下说法错误的是()A、图1(木箱),大箱宜配装于中部大舱,且底部要求平整稳固,但不可选配于二层舱B、图2,该堆码采用的是垂直码垛,且不同箱装货物间应铺垫木板C、图2,在不同箱装货物间铺垫木板,其作用是增加堆垛稳固、分散压力D、图3,从低层压损的箱货可以得知,对包装弱、重量轻的箱装货,宜采用压缝码垛参考答案:A 难度系数:2题库编号:1169236、对捆装货物的堆码要求,以下说法错误的是()A、图1,对耐压捆筒货物宜选配于中部大舱打底,且滚动方向应沿船舶首尾方向堆放、严禁横向堆放B、图2,当捆卷货数量较多时,也可横向铺满舱底直达两舷C、图3,对捆货物货也可采取立放堆垛D、图4,对耐压捆扎货物,宜选配中部舱打底,且应沿船舶首尾方向堆放参考答案:A 难度系数:2题库编号:1169337、对桶装货物的堆码要求,以下说法错误的是()A、图1,对大金属桶应直立堆放,桶口向上B、图1,对大金属桶,每层货桶之间应衬垫一层木板,一般无堆高限制C、图2,鼓形桶一般具有中间弱、两头强,桶口在腰部等特点D、图2,鼓形桶应采用卧放堆码,桶口朝上,其底层和靠近舱壁处的空隙部位应用木楔塞紧参考答案:B 难度系数:2题库编号:1169438、对大型机械等重大件的堆码要求,以下说法正确的是()A、堆码时,应注意货件的最大尺度(包括长、宽、高和突出部分)和总重量,堆放处所要求平整稳固B、当超过甲板允许负荷时,应在其下面铺垫木板或钢板;安置就绪后,应进行合理绑扎,以免在航行中移动C、为使货件在舱内或甲板上布置合理,应预先按尺度比例剪成纸型在甲板平面草图上排列、调整,选出最优方案D、以上都对参考答案:D 难度系数:2题库编号:1169539、对货物衬垫的应用,以下说法正确的是()A、图1,底层木板的主要是防清洁货被污染,而中间层木板主要是增加堆垛稳固、受力均匀B、图2,斜舱壁处衬垫主要作用是增加堆码稳固,防止槽钢移动C、图3,板条衬垫主要是防水湿,而底层捆筒货物所用的木楔主要是防止货物滚动D、以上都对参考答案:D 难度系数:2题库编号:1169640、对货物衬垫的应用,以下说法正确的是()A、图1,充气袋主要是防止货物移动及磨损B、图2,底层衬垫的主要是防止水湿生锈,而中间层衬垫主要起受力均匀、防止货物滚动C、图3,舱壁处衬垫主要防止货物滚动,而钢管上面的板条主要起受力均匀D、以上都对参考答案:D 难度系数:2题库编号:1169741、对货物隔票方法,以下说法错误的是()A、图1,隔票方法,是在相同两票捆卷货物间用捆筒货堆装中间予以分隔进行隔票B、图1,采用的是自然隔票C、图2,隔票方法,通过在木材上涂一道或二道油漆予以隔票D、隔票的主要作用是便于理货,便于货物的识别参考答案:D 难度系数:2题库编号:1169842、下图是碳化钙(UN1402)在“危险货物一览表”的部分信息,对该货物的积载正确的是()。
浅谈《货物积载与系固》的教学及评价
2 《 物积 载与 系 固》 货 教学 中的几 个 问题
2 1杂货船 配积 载 .
其 过 程 可 分 为 以下 六个 步骤 : 装 载 能力 的 ① 核算 , 即核算 船舶 在重 量 、 积 以及 特 殊装 载 能 力 容
体散货和液体散货 及木材 甲板货 以外 的货物 , 特
别 是 实践 已证 明在积 载 和 系 固上会 造 成 困难 的货
配货重 的原则分配到每个货舱 ; ③拟定初配方案 , 此 步骤 是核 心 , 即在 满 足 处 理好 货 物 和 货 物 之 间
的关 系 、 物与船 舶 之 间 的关 系 的条 件下 , 待装 货 把
收 稿 日期 :0 9—0 0 20 9— 2
第一作者简介 : 齐绍江 【97~ ) 男 . 17 。 讲师 。 硕士
合 理制定 系 固方 案 的 能 力 , 满 足 中华 人 民共 和 并
否满足要求 , 如不满足进行调整 ; 正确编绘积载 ⑥ 图, 即呈现配 积 载 的最终 结果 。
杂货船是最古老 的一种远洋船型 , 由于所装 货 物种 类繁 杂 、 装各 异 等原 因 , 包 目前其 配 积载 在
实 际工 作 中也 不 便 采 用 计 算 机 辅 助 , 对 于 集 装 相 箱船 、 散粮船 等 由计算 机 辅助 下 进行 配积 载 而言 , 过 程最 复 杂 , 杂货船 配 积 载 系统性 强 , 管 各 种 但 尽 船 型配 积 载方法 有所 不 同 , 但基 本 思路 是 一样 , 通
学评价 , 即货物 积 载与 系 固适 任评 估 , 采用 测 验 多 法 , 于 总结性 评 价 。 属
3 2评 价 的标 准 .
对于 《 货物 积 载 与 系 固》 程 而 言 , 学评 价 课 教
货物积载与系固评估试题客观题8
) C 放射性物质
D 腐蚀性物质
7.带有 仅能堆码( )层。
A1
B2
C3
标志的集装箱标记的集装箱,其在甲板上堆码时 D 以上都不对
二.第二部分:货物积载与系固方法辨识(40 分)
8.下图为捆扎货物在船上的堆码图,哪个图是正确的堆码方式( )
12.某前四后一型杂货船承载有三氟化硼二甲基氧基络合物,经查阅《国际危规》 得“危险货物一览表”如下图,该货最好积载于何种舱位( ) A NO.4 舱盖上 B NO.4 二层舱 C NO.5 底舱 D NO.1 舱盖上
积 载特 性 与 隔与 注 离 意事 (16) 项(17)
IBC08 B3
—— T1
TP33
F-A
积载
S-Q 类 A ——
UN 正 确 类 别 副 危 特殊 包 装 限量 可免 包装
No 运 输 或 小 险 规定 类 (7a) 除量 导则 规定
(1) 名 称 类(3)(4) (5) (6)
(7b) (8) (9)
A
B
C
D
20.某集装箱船上一集装箱系固图如下,其中“2”指的系固设备是( ) A 扭锁 B 双头定位锥 C 绑扎杆 D 桥锁
22.装载液化气的移动式容器应( )。 A 水平横向装载 B 水平纵向装载 C 直立装载 D 以上均可 23.使用钢丝绳夹具时,正确的使用方法是( )。 A 两者都正确 B 只有(1)正确 C 只有(2)正确 D 两者都不正确
16.以下
集装箱常配置在上甲板。①危险货物集装箱;②40ft 超长且超
高集装箱;③冷藏集装箱;④超宽集装箱;⑤动物集装箱;⑥通风集装箱
A.①②③④⑤⑥ B.②③④⑤⑥ C.②③⑤⑥ D.①②③⑤
货物积载与系固实操培训
8、运行应用程序
双击桌上应用程序对应的图标;
单击“开始/运行”项,在出现的 “运行”对话框中输入要运行的应用 程序的文件标识符;
在“资源管理器”双击要运行程序的 图标。
评估项目“货物积载与系固”
——“固体散货配积载”(操作级) ——“固体散货配积载及装卸计划” (管理级)
一、船舶概述
• 船名:“Seabulk”(尾机型散货船)
– 17721.3 18839.1 19019.9 19021.3
• No.5 No.6 No.7 No.8 No.9
– 19021.3 19021.3 19021.3 18850.9 16732.5
二、航次货运任务
始发港:澳大利亚某港 目的港:中国北仑港 装载量 144,000 t左右 要求:满足稳性、强度和吃水差要求。 编制积载计划和装货计划
选择此项
装载系统操作步骤(续) 2.2 装入航次初始文件“arrivalx.stb”
1.单击其 2.确认后单击OK按钮 中任一项
装载系统操作步骤(续)
稳总
性纵
状强
况
度 状 况
局部强 尾、首吃水 度状况
吃水差
横倾角
装载系统操作步骤(续)
2.3 将初始文件“arrivalx.stb” 改名为自己文 件名,即:选菜单File/Save Voyage as…项,随 后:
装载系统操作步骤(续)
6.核对各项计算结果是否满足要求
• 6.1 将当前强度校核状况改为“海上状况” 即:选菜单“Modes / Port Condition / Seagoing Condition”单击;
• 6.2 核对船舶装载量、稳性、强度和吃水差 等数据:
核对装货量与 题卡上的一致
三副评估试题及答案
海船三副评估试题及答案无限/近洋/沿海航区3000总吨及以上船舶二/三副航海技术教研室2005年12月8日目录一、货物积载与系固............................. 错误!未定义书签。
二、航线设计 (3)三、海图作业 (15)四、船舶定位 (26)五、测罗经差 (43)六、航海仪器的正确使用 (51)二、航线设计无限、近洋航区船舶二/三副编号:1编码:JB1001评估时间:20分钟评估方试:1.口述 2.口述 3.实操评分标准:本卡总分60,设计航线一条40分,合计60分及格题目:1.英版周版《航海通告》的主要组成部分。
2.英版《航路指南》及《世界大洋航路》的改正方法.。
3.由提供的Catalogue一书抽选北太平洋一张大洋图和大隅海峡航道一张大比例尺航海图。
答案:1.(18分)A.N.M主要由6个部分组成Section I:注释以及使用有关Section II的三个Index。
Section II:改正海图的航海通告。
Section III:无线电航海警告电文重印件Section IV:英版航路指南的改正Section V:英版《灯标与雾号表》的改正Section VI:英版无线电信号表的改正2.(18分)资料来源:1)用周版《通航通告》的Section IV;2)用补编Supplement;3)年度摘要(Annual Summary)中列有上年底或本年度1月1日仍有效的这类通告。
改正方法:1)对于小的改正:可在相关处直接进行2)对于较大的改正,可在相关处作一记号,并把补篇夹在航路指南中。
3.(24分)提供Catalogue一书即可。
编号:2编码:JB1002评估时间:15分钟评估方试:1.口述 2.口述 3.实操评分标准:本卡总分60,设计航线一条40分,合计60分及格题目:1.英版周版《航海通告》有几个索引?2.英版《航路指南》的第一章分为哪三个部分?3.用提供的ALRS的第二卷(vol.2)查一无线电信标(Radio Beacon)的具体资料并解释其含义。
货物积载与系固评估题库3
航海技术教研室
1、某船载重线标志如图所示,对其识读错误的是 ( A ) A、船首在左侧方向 B、该船船长应不大于100m C、该船入级的是英国劳氏船级社 D、该船不航行于中国际沿海航区
2、如图所示,下列说法正确的是( B )
A、A和C都是表示剪力曲线区域
B、B和C都是表示剪力曲线区域
19、如图所示,运输指数TI( C )
A、TI≧1 B、TI=1
C、 0<TI<1
D、TI≈0
20、下图识别错误的是( C )
A、图1,适用于有毒气体 B、图2,适用于熏蒸警告 C、图3,表示危险警告标记 D、图4,登箱顶触电警告标记
21、如图,关于该积载图中一下说法不正确是( D )
A、左上角的表格表示各目的港货物装载重量的统计 B、货舱中货物用虚线隔开表示面货物的货位,同时表 面货物所占货舱的大致体积 C、右上角的表格表示统计各货仓的货物的件数和重量
12、如图所示,表示全季节载重线的最大干舷的载 重线为( B)
A、T
C、S
B、F
D、TF
13、如图所示,图为重大件货物,其系固角1的目 的为( B ),其角度是( )较为合适
A、防滑,27° C、防倒,27° B、防滑,24° D、防倒,24°
14、根据下图提示,在货物系固方案校核中,对横向倾覆校 核说法不正确的是( A ) A、货物移动力距My等于货物移动力Fy乘以对应力臂(货 重心高一半) B、货物约束力距[My]等于重力约束力距(mgb1)+系固绳 约束力距(cs*li) C、系固方案安全性判断:当横向移动力距My <约束力距 [My],货件不会产生倾覆 D、li为系索的系固力臂
C、①、②、⑤、⑥
《货物积载与系固安全操作规则》【IMO原文版】
CODE OF SAFE PRACTICE FOR CARGO STOWAGE AND SECURINGIMO LONDON 1992PrefaceUpon instructions by the Maritime Safety Committee (MSC) the SubCommittee on Containers and Cargoes developed the Code of Safe Practice for Cargo Stowage and Securing. The Code was approved by theCommittee at its fifty-eighth session (May 1990) and adopted by the Assembly at its seventeenth regular session (November 1991) by resolution A.714(17).The Assembly recommended that Governments implement the Code at the earliest possible opportunity and requested the MSC to keep it under review and amend it, as necessary.The present edition of the Code includes, as appendices, various texts which have been issued by the Organization and are considered relevant to cargo stowage and securing. Any amendments or revisions which may be made in future will be included in subsequent editions of the Code.Resolution A.714(17)(adopted 6 November 1991)THE ASSEMBLY,RECALLING Article 15(j) of the Convention on the International Maritime Organization concerning the functions of the Assembly in relation to regulations and guidelines concerning maritime safety,RECALLING ALSO resolution A.489(Xll) on safe stowage and securing of cargo units and other entities in ships other than cellular containerships and MSC/Circ.385 of January 1985 containing the provisions to be included in a cargo securing manual to be carried on board ships,RECALLING FURTHER resolution A.533(13) on elements to be taken into account when considering the safe stowage and securing of cargo units and vehicles in ships,CONSIDERING the revised IMO/lLO Guidelines for Packing Cargo in Freight Containers or Vehicles,CONSIDERING ALSO resolution A.581(14) on guidelines for securing arrangements for the transport of road vehicles on ro—ro ships,BEARING IN MIND that a number of serious accidents have occurred as a result of inadequate securing arrangements on board and deficient stowage and securing of cargoes in vehicles and containers, and that only proper stowage and securing of cargo on adeqately designed and properly equipped ships can prevent the occurrence of such accidents in the future,RECOGNIZING the need to improve the stowage and securing of cargoes shown by experience to create specific hazards to the safety of ships, and the stowage and securing of road vehicles transported on board ro—ro ships,RECOGNIZING FURTHER that such improvement could be achieved by the establishment of a composite code of safe practice for cargo stowage and securing on board ships, including packing or loading cargo in road vehicles and freight containers,BELIEVING that the application of such a code of safe practice would enhance maritime safety,HA VING CONSIDERED the recommendations made by the Maritime Safety Committee at its fifty-eighth session,1. ADOPTS the Code of Safe Practice for Cargo Stowage and Securing set out in the annex to the present resolution;2. URGES Governments to implement this Code at the earliest possible opportu nity;3. REQUESTS the Maritime Safety Committee to keep this Code under review and to amend it, as necessary;4. REVOKES resolution A.288(VIll).AnnexCode of Safe Practice forCargo Stowage and SecuringFOREWORDThe proper stowage and securing of cargoes is of the utmost importance for the safety of life at sea. Improper stowage and securing of cargoes has resulted in numerous serious ship casualties and caused injury and loss of life, not only at sea but also during loading and discharge.In order to deal with the problems and hazards arising from improper stowage and securing of certain cargoes on ships, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has issued guidelines in the form of either Assembly resolutions or circulars adopted by the Maritime Safety Committee (MSC); these are listed hereunder:• Safe stowage and securing of cargo units and other entities in ships other than cellular containerships, resolution A.489(Xll) [see appendix 1];• Provisions to be included in the Cargo Securing Manual to be carried on board ships, MSC/Circ.385 [see appendix 2];• Elements to be taken into account when considering the safe stowage and securing of cargo units and vehicles in ships, resolution A.533(13) [see appendix 3];• Guidelines for Securing Arrangements for the Transport of Road Vehicles on Ro—Ro Ships, resolution A.581(14) [see appendix 4];• IMO/lLO Guidelines for Packing Cargo in Freight Containers or Vehicles [see lMO publication sales number lMO-28.4E (same title) or the Supplement to the IMDG Code (sales number lMO-210E)];• Entry into enclosed spaces, MSC/Circ.487 [see appendix 5].The accelerations acting on a ship in a seaway result from a combination of longitudinal, vertical and predominantly transverse motions. The forces created by these accelerations give rise to the majority of securing problems.The hazards arising from these forces should be dealt with by taking measures both to ensure proper stowage and securing of cargoes on board and to reduce the amplitude and frequency of ship motions.The purpose of this Code is to provide an international standard to promote the safe stowage and securing of cargoes by:• drawing the attention of shipowners and ship operators to the need to ensure that the ship is suitable for its intended purpose;• providing advice to ensure that the ship is equipped with proper cargo securing means;• providing general advice concerning the proper stowage and securing of cargoes to minimize the risks to the ship and personnel;• providing specific advice on those cargoes which are known to create difficulties and hazards with regard to their stowage and securing;• advising on actions which may be taken in heavy sea conditions; and• advising on actions which may be taken to remedy the effects of cargo shifting.In providing such advice, it should be borne in mind that the master is responsible for the safe conduct of the voyage and the safety of the ship, its crew and its cargo.GENERAL PRINCIPLESAll cargoes should be stowed and secured in such a way that the ship and persons on board are not put at risk.The safe stowage and securing of cargoes depend on proper planning, execution and supervision.Personnel commissioned to tasks of cargo stowage and securing should be properly qualified and experienced.Personnel planning and supervising the stowage and securing of cargo should have a sound practical knowledge of the application and content of the Cargo Securing Manual, if provided.In all cases, improper stowage and securing of cargo will be potentially hazardous to the securing of other cargoes and to the ship itself.Decisions taken for measures of stowage and securing cargo should be based on the most severe weather conditions which may be expected by experience for the intended voyage.Ship-handling decisions taken by the master, especially in bad weather conditions, should take into account the type and stowage position of the cargo and the securing arrangements.CHAPTER 1 - GENERAL1.1 A pplicationThis Code applies to cargoes carried on board ships (other than solid and liquid bulk cargoes and timber stowed on deck) and, in particular, to those cargoes whose stowage and securing have proved in practice to create difficulties.1.2 D efinitions of the terms used For the purposes of this Code:Cargo unit means a vehicle, container, flat, pallet, portable tank, packaged unit, or any other entity, etc., and loading equipment, or any part thereof, which belongs to the ship but is not fixed to the ship as defined in Assembly resolution A.489(Xlt). Intermediate bulk container (1BC) means a rigid, semi-rigid or flexible portable bulk container packaging of a capacity of not more than 3 m3 (3,000 1), designed for mechanical handling and tested for its satisfactory resistance to handling andtransport stresses.Portable tank means a tank which is not permanently secured on board a ship, and has a capacity of more than 450 1 and a shell fitted with external stabilizing members and items of service equipment and structural equipment necessary for the transport of gases, liquids or solids.Road tank-vehicle means a vehicle with wheels and fitted with a tank or tanks intended for the transport of gases, liquids or solids by both road and sea modes of transport, the tank or tanks of which are rigidly and permanently attached to the vehicle during all normal operations of loading, transport and discharge and are neither filled nor emptied on board.Road vehicle means a commercial vehicle, semi-trailer, road train, articulated road train or a combination of vehicles, as defined in Assembly resolution A.581(14).Roll-trailer means a low vehicle for the carriage of cargo with one or more wheel axles on the rear and a support on the front end, which is towed or pushed in the port to and from its stowage on board the ship by a special tow-vehicle.Ro-ro ship means a ship which has one or more decks either closed or open, not normally subdivided in any way and generally running the entire length of the ship, carrying goods which are loaded and unloaded normally in a horizontal manner.Unit load means that a number of packages are either:.1 placed or stacked, and secured by strapping, shrink-wrapping or other suitable means, on to a load board such as a pallet; or.2 placed in a protective outer packaging such as a pallet box; or.3 permanently secured together in a sling.1.3 F orces1.3.1 Forces, which have to be absorbed by suitable arrangements for stowage and securing to prevent cargo shifting, are generally composed of components acting relative to the axes of the ship:• longitudinal;• transverse; and• vertical.Remark: For the purpose of stowage and securing cargo, longitudinal and transverse forces are considered predominant.1.3.2 Transverse forces alone, or the resultant of transverse, longitudinal and vertical forces, normally increase with the height of the stow and the longitudinal distance of the stow from the ship’s centre of motion in a seaway. The most severeforces can be expected in the furthest forward, the furthest aft and the highest stowage position on each side of the ship.1.3.3 The transverse forces exerted increase directly with the metacentric height of the ship. An undue metacentric height may be caused by:• improper design of the ship;• unsuitable cargo distribution; and• unsuitable bunker and ballast distribution.1.3.4 Cargo should be so distributed that the ship has a metacentric height in excess of the required minimum and, whenever practicable, within an acceptable upper limit to minimize the forces acting on the cargo.1.3.5 In addition to the forces referred to above, cargo carried on deck may be subjected to forces arising from the effects of wind and green seas.1.3.6 Improper shiphandling (course or speed) may create adverse forces acting on the ship and the cargo.1.3.7 The magnitude of the forces may be estimated by using the appropriate calculation methods as contained in the Cargo Securing Manual, if provided.1.3.8 Although the operation of anti-roll devices may improve the behaviour of the ship in a seaway, the effect of such devices should not be taken into account when planning the stowage and securing of cargoes.1.4 B ehaviour of cargoes1.4.1 Some cargoes have a tendency to deform or to compact themselves during the voyage, which will result in a slackening of their securing gear.1.4.2 Cargoes with low friction coefficients, when stowed without proper friction-increasing devices such as dunnage, soft boards, rubber mats, etc., are difficult to secure unless tightly stowed across the ship.1.5 C riteria for estimating the risk of cargo shifting1.5.1 When estimating the risk of cargo shifting, the following should be considered:• dimensional and physical properties of the cargo;• location of the cargo and its stowage on board;• suitability of the ship for the particular cargo;• suitability of the securing arrangements for the particular cargo;• expected seasonal weather and sea conditions;• expected ship behaviour during the intended voyage;• stability of the ship;• geographical area of the voyage; and• duration of the voyage.1.5.2 These criteria should be taken into account when selecting suitable stowage and securing methods and whenever reviewing the forces to be absorbed by the securing equipment.1.5.3 Bearing in mind the above criteria, the master should accept the cargo on board his ship only if he is satisfied that it can be safely transported.1.6 C argo Securing Manual1.6.1 Ships carrying cargo units and other entities covered in this Code and as outlined in resolution A.489(XIl) (appendix) should carry a Cargo Securing Manual as detailed in MSC/Circ.385.*1.6.2 The cargo securing arrangements detailed in the ship’s Cargo Securing Manual, if provided, should be based on the forces expected to affect the cargo carried by the ship, calculated in accordance with a method accepted by the Administration or approved by a classification society acceptable to the Administration.1.7 E quipmentThe ship’s cargo securing equipment should be:• available in sufficient quantity;• suitable for its intended purpose, taking into account the recom-mendations of the Cargo Securing Manual, if provided;• of adequate strength;• easy to use; and• well maintained.1.8 S pecial cargo transport unitsThe shipowner and the ship operator should, where necessary, make use of relevant expertise when considering the shipment of a cargo with unusual characteristics which may require special attention to be given to its location on board vis-а-vis the structural strength of the ship, its stowage and securing, and the weather conditions which may be expected during the intended voyage.1.9 C argo information1.9.1 Before accepting a cargo for shipment, the shipowner or ship operator should obtain all necessary information about the cargo and ensure that:• the different commodities to be carried are compatible with each other or suitably separated;• the cargo is suitable for the ship;• the ship is suitable for the cargo; and• the cargo can be safely stowed and secured on board the ship and transported under all expected conditions during the intended voyage.1.9.2 The master should be provided with adequate information regarding the cargo to be carried so that its stowage may be properly planned for handling and transport.CHAPTER 2 - PRINCIPLES OF SAFE STOWAGEAND SECURING OF CARGOES2.1 S uitability of cargo for transportCargo carried in containers, road vehicles, shipborne barges, railway wagons and other cargo transport units should be packed and secured within these units so as to prevent, throughout the voyage, damage or hazard to the ship, to the persons on board and to the marine environment.2.2 C argo distribution2.2.1 It is of utmost importance that the master takes great care in planning and supervising the stowage and securing of cargoes in order to prevent cargo sliding, tipping, racking, collapsing, etc.2.2.2 The cargo should be distributed so as to ensure that the stability of the ship throughout the entire voyage remains within acceptable limits so that the hazards of excessive accelerations are reduced as far as practicable.2.2.3 Cargo distribution should be such that the structural strength of the ship is not adversely affected.2.3 C argo securing arrangements2.3.1 Particular care should be taken to distribute forces as evenly as practicable between the cargo securing devices. If this is not feasible, the arrangements should be upgraded accordingly.2.3.2 If, due to the complex structure of a securing arrangement or other circumstances, the person in charge is unable to assess the suitability of the arrangement from experience and knowledge of good seamanship, the arrangement should be verified by using an acceptable calculation method.2.4 R esidual strength after wear and tearCargo securing arrangements and equipment should have sufficient residual strength to allow for normal wear and tear during their lifetime.2.5 F riction forcesWhere friction between the cargo and the ship’s deck or structure or between cargo transport units is insufficient to avoid the risk of sliding, suitable material such as soft boards or dunnage should be used to increase friction.2.6 S hipboard supervision2.6.1 The principal means of preventing the improper stowage and securing of cargoes is through proper supervision of the loading operation and inspections of the stow.2.6.2 As far as practicable, cargo spaces should be regularly inspected throughout the voyage to ensure that the cargo, vehicles and cargo transport units remain safely secured.2.7 E ntering enclosed spacesThe atmosphere in any enclosed space may be incapable of supporting human life through lack of oxygen or it may contain flammable or toxic gases. The master should ensure that it is safe to enter any enclosed space.2.8 G eneral elements to be considered by the masterHaving evaluated the risk of cargo-shifting, taking into account the criteria set out in1.5, the master should ensure, prior to loading of any cargo, cargo transport unit or vehicle that:.1 the deck area for their stowage is, as far as practicable, clean, dry and free from oil and grease;.2 the cargo, cargo transport unit or vehicle appears to be in suitable condition for transport, and can be effectively secured;.3 all necessary cargo securing equipment is on board and in good working condition; and.4 cargo in or on cargo transport units and vehicles is, to the extent practicable, properly stowed and secured on to the unit or vehicle.2.9 C argo stowage and securing declaration2.9.1 Where there is reason to suspect that a container or vehicle into which dangerous goods have been packed or loaded is not in compliance with the provisions of section 12 or 17, as appropriate, of the General Introduction to the IMDG Code, or where a container packing certificate! vehicle packing declaration is not available, the unit should not be accepted for shipment.2.9.2 Where practicable and feasible, road vehicles should be provided with a cargo stowage and securing declaration, stating that the cargo on the road vehicle has been properly stowed and secured for the intended sea voyage, taking into account the IMO/ILO Guidelines for Packing Cargo in Freight Containers or Vehicles. An example of such a declaration is given hereunder. The vehicle packing declaration, recommended by the IMDG Code (see 2.9.1), may be acceptable for this purpose.CHAPTER 3 - STANDARDIZED STOWAGE AND SECURING SYSTEMS 3.1 R ecommendationsShips intended for the carriage of cargoes in a standardized stowage and securing system (e.g. containers, railway wagons, shipborne barges, etc.) should be:.1 so designed and equipped that the standardized cargoes concerned can be safely stowed and secured on board under all conditions expected during the intended voyage;.2 of a design and so equipped as to be accepted by the Administration or approved by a classification society acceptable to the Administration; and.3 provided with adequate information, for use by the master, on the arrangements provided for the safe stowage and securing of the specific cargoes for which the ship is designed or adapted.CHAPTER 4- SEMI-STANDARDIZED STOWAGE AND SECURING4.1 S ecuring arrangements4.1.1 Ships intended for the carriage of certain specific cargoes such as road vehicles, systemized cargo-carrying roll-trailers and automobiles on ro-ro ships, etc., should be provided with securing points spaced sufficiently close to each other for the intended operation of the ship and in accordance with section 4 of the guidelines for securing arrangements for the transport of road vehicles on ro—ro ships (resolution A.581(14)).4.1.2 Road vehicles intended for transport by sea should be provided with arrangements for their safe stowage and securing, as detailed in section 5 of the annex to resolution A.581(14).4.1.3 Roll-trailers carrying systemized cargo should be provided with arrangements for the safe stowage and securing of the vehicle and its cargo. Special consideration should be given to the height of the stow, the compactness of the stow and the effects of a high centre of gravity of the cargo.4.2 S towage and securing of vehicles4.2.1 Vehicles, including roll-trailers not provided with adequate securing arrangements, should be stowed and secured in accordance with chapter 5 of this Code.4.2.2 Ro-ro ships which do not comply with the requirements of section 4 of the annex to resolution A.581 (14) or are not provided with equivalent stowage andsecuring means providing for an equivalent degree of safety during transport by sea should be dealt with in accordance with chapter 5 of this Code.4.2.3 Vehicles should be stowed and secured in accordance with sections 6 and 7 of the annex to resolution A.581 (14). Special consideration should be given to the stowage and securing of roll-trailers carrying systemized cargo, road tank-vehicles and portable tanks on wheels, taking into account the effects of a tank’s high centre of gravity and free surface.4.3 A cceptance of road vehicles for transport by sea on ro—ro ships4.3.1 The master should not accept a road vehicle for transport on board his ship unless satisfied that the road vehicle is apparently suitable for the intended voyage and is provided with at least the securing points specified in section 5 of the annex to resolution A.581(14).4.3.2 In exceptional circumstanceS, where there is some doubt that the recommendations of 4.3.1 can or need to be fulfilled, the master may accept the vehicle for shipment, after taking into account the condition of the vehicle and the expected nature of the intended voyage.CHAPTER 5 - NON-STANDARDIZED STOWAGE AND SECURING5.1 R ecommendations5.1.1 This chapter and the annexes provide advice of a general nature for the stowage and securing of cargoes not covered by chapters 3 and 4 of this Code and particularly specific advice for the stowage and securing of cargoes which have proved to be difficult to stow and secure on board ships.5.1.2 The list of cargoes given in 5.3 should not be regarded as exhaustive, as there may be other cargoes which could create hazards if not properly stowed and secured.5.2 E quivalent stowage and securingThe guidance given in the annexes provides for certain safeguards against the problems inherent in the cargoes covered. Alternative methods of stowage and securing may afford the same degree of safety. It is imperative that any alternative method chosen should provide a level of securing safety at least equivalent to that described in the resolutions, circulars and guidelines listed in the foreword to this Code.5.3 C argoes which have proved to be a potential source of dangerSuch cargoes include:.1 containers when carried on deck of ships which are not specially designed and fitted for the purpose of carrying containers (annex 1);.2 portable tanks (tank-containers) (annex 2);.3 portable receptacles (annex 3);.4 special wheel-based (rolling) cargoes (annex 4);.5 heavy cargo items such as locomotives, transformers, etc. (annex 5);.6 coiled sheet steel (annex 6);.7 heavy metal products (annex 7);.8 anchor chains (annex 8);.9 metal scrap in bulk (annex 9);.10 f lexible intermediate bulk containers (FIBCs) (annex 10);.11 logs in under-deck stow (annex 11); and.12 u nit loads (annex 12).CHAPTER 6- ACTIONS WHICH MAY BE TAKEN IN HEAVY WEATHER 6.1 G eneralThe purpose of this chapter is not to usurp the responsibilities of the master, but rather to offer some advice on how stresses induced by excessive accelerations caused by bad weather conditions could be avoided.6.2 Excessive accelerationsMeasures to avoid excessive accelerations are:.1 alteration of course or speed or a combination of both;.2 heaving to;.3 early avoidance of areas of adverse weather and sea conditions; and.4 timely ballasting or deballasting to improve the behaviour of the ship, taking into account the actual stability conditions (see also 7.2).6.3 Voyage planningOne way of reducing excessive accelerations is for the master, as far as possible and practicable, to plan the voyage of the ship carefully so as to avoid areas with severe weather and sea conditions. The master should always consult the latest available weather information.CHAPTER 7- ACTIONS WHICH MAY BE TAKEN ONCE CARGO HAS SHIFTED7.1 T he following actions may be considered:.1 alterations of course to reduce accelerations;.2 reductions of speed to reduce accelerations and vibration;.3 monitoring the integrity of the ship;.4 restowing or resecuring the cargo and, where possible,increasing the friction; and.5 diversion of route in order to seek shelter or improved weather and sea conditions.7.2 T ank ballasting or deballasting operations should be considered only if the ship has adequate stability.Annex 1Safe stowage and securing of containers on deck ofships which are not specially designed and fittedfor the purpose of carrying containers1 STOWAGE1.1 C ontainers carried on deck or on hatches of such ships should preferably be stowed in the fore-and-aft direction.1.2 C ontainers should not extend over the ship’s sides. Adequate supports should be provided when containers overhang hatches or deck structures.1.3 C ontainers should be stowed and secured so as to permit safe access for personnel in the necessary operation of the ship.1.4 C ontainers should at no time overstress the deck or hatches on which they are stowed.1.5 B ottom-tier containers, when not resting on stacking devices, should be stowed on timber of sufficient thickness, arranged in such a way as to transfer the stack load evenly on to the structure of the stowage area.1.6 W hen stacking containers, use should be made of locking devices, cones, or similar stacking aids, as appropriate, between them.1.7 W hen stowing containers on deck or hatches, the position and strength of the securing points should be taken into consideration.2 SECURING2.1 A ll containers should be effectively secured in such a way as to protect them from sliding and tipping. Hatch covers carrying containers should be adequately secured to the sFip.2.2 C ontainers should be secured using one of the three methods recommended in figure 1 or methods equivalent thereto.2.3 L ashings should preferably consist of wire ropes or chains or material with equivalent strength and elongation characteristics.2.4 T imber shoring should not exceed 2 m in length.2.5 W ire clips should be adequately greased, and tightened so that the dead end of the wire is visibly compressed (figure 2).2.6 L ashings should be kept, when possible, under equal tension.Annex 2Safe stowage and securing of portable tanks1 INTRODUCTION1.1 T he provisions of this annex apply to a portable tank, which in the context of this annex, means a tank which is not permanently secured on board the vessel and has a capacity of more than 450 / and a shell fitted with external stabilizing members and items of service equipment and structural equipment necessary for the transport of liquids, solids or gases.1.2 T hese provisions do not apply to tanks intended for the transport of liquids, solids or gases having a capacity of 450 1 or less.Note: The capacity for portable tanks for gases is 1,000 1 or more.2 GENERAL PROVISIONS FOR PORTABLE TANKS2.1 P ortable tanks should be capable of being loaded and discharged without the need of removal of their structural equipment and be capable of being lifted onto and off the ship when loaded.2.2 T he applicable requirements of the International Convention for Safe Containers, 1972, as amended, should be fulfilled by any tank-container which meets the definition of a container within the terms of that Convention. Additionally, the provisions of section 13 of the General Introduction to the IMDG Code should be met when the tank will be used for the transport of dangerous goods.2.3 P ortable tanks should not be offered for shipment in an ullage condition liable to produce an unacceptable hydraulic force due to surge within the tank.。
关于全集装箱船集装箱的积载与系固
关于全集装箱船集装箱的积载与系固关于全集装箱船集装箱的积载与系固(2008-11-07 14:11:43)标签:集装箱系固绑扎积载杂谈分类:LASHINGSYSTEMS在大风浪中发生货物系固问题不仅仅是个货损赔偿问题,它同时也严重威胁着船舶和人员的安全,可能损害船舶的稳性、损坏船体等,直接威胁着船舶大风浪航行的安全。
而且集装箱船一旦发生了箱子的移动,船舶的自救能力是极其有限的,船员基本上束手无策。
船舶将发生固定横倾,稳性遭到损失,是非常危险的。
现在的集装箱船基本上都没有了货物起重设备,即使有也无济于事。
因此,不仅保险方面关注着箱子的系固问题,船东、船舶管理公司也非常重视系固问题,船舶更是非常重视系固问题。
公司的体现文件规定在装载中,开船前,遭遇大风浪前把安全预防工作做好,立足于防,千万不可大意,切不可过分强调客观的理由。
因此今天的讨论无论是对保险,还是对船舶,对做安全工作的管理人员都有重要的意义。
看了给我的问题单,我想按照我自己的思路讲完后,看是否还有问题,应该能够回答提出的问题了。
有的过分理论的、深层次的我也有待学习。
各位是做与保险理赔方面有关的工作,可能都知道一个案例,就是2000年8月法国达飞公司一艘4000多箱位的"达飞塔尼亚"轮在长江口抛锚遇到台风"派比安"的影响,起锚东驶避台,误入台风中心附近,造成119个集装箱(20X25;40X94)坠落大海的事故,这对船舶安全是非常严重的威胁,按照估计的损失的重量,大概会造成固定横倾约10左右。
在那种情况下能把船开出来,已是很不容易的。
当时船舶记录的最大横摇是40度。
该箱子坠海货损事故导致了船公司和货主之间的诉讼,上海海事法院审理判决后双方不服判决,上诉到上海市高级法院。
这是一起比较典型的集装箱坠落货损案。
争议的焦点是船员在管货方面是否有过错,船东是否能够以不可抗力免责。
在审理这个案子时,我作为上海市高级法院的专家参加了听证会。
货物单元的积载和系固11.ppt
1
第一步:启动Cstow2.2系统
双击桌面上系统图标。
2
第二步:新建装载文件登记
选菜单“文件/航次装载文件新建...” 项,打开“Z轮新建航次装载文件”对话 框; 在对话框上,按题卡上要求,输入装载 文件名、航次、始发港、目的港、编制 者(自己名字)、编制地点、编制日期 (默认即可),并选定集装箱清单、液 舱方案和储备品方案后按OK按钮关闭该 对话框;即:
7
集装箱订舱单 它是动态排序表,每一
行表示一个集装箱参数。
用于输入、查看和 修改集装箱参数。
显示集装箱行箱位图 和行箱位总图。
8
危险箱 类别号
是否是 冷藏箱?
第一个待装箱标记
表示已选 上的待装箱
标记。
9
装箱 移箱 选择行箱位图 卸箱
显示箱 选择装箱方式 重量
10
按下此按钮后
双击某一行即能返回 到该行行箱位图显示。
选择舱面一典型集装 箱堆校核,双击。
31
双击典型集装箱堆
32
2.单击该按钮
1.确定集装箱堆是否受风
33
2.填入答题卷中
1.显示绿色表示该系固 方式满足CCS要求
34
第十二步:保存装载文件
1.选择菜单上“文件/航次装载文件保存 ”项,以保存航次装载文件; 2.移动光标选择菜单上“文件/退出”项 单击鼠标,以退出系统。
21
22
危险品箱
该键处于 按下状态
带备注箱 冷藏箱
23
第九步:检查计算结果,准备打入压载水
1.选择菜单“计算结果/简略计算结果” 项单击,以打开“简要计算结果”小窗 口; 2.选择菜单上“窗口/各类液体装载”项 ,以打开“油水输入”窗口;
货物积载与系固训练
一、货物单元的受力分析
1.作用在货物单元上的主动力
F=ma + Fw + Fs
(8-1)
式中:ma ——船舶运动引起的惯性力,纵、横、垂向;
Fw ——甲板货所受的风压力,纵、横向;
Fs ——甲板货所受的波溅力,纵、横向。
主动力按船舶坐标系可分解为纵向力Fx、横向力Fy和垂直力Fz。就积 载与系固货物而言,纵向与横向的力是主要的,它们是导致货件水平移
结论: 能够承运。
1.核定航次货运任务与船舶载货能力是否相适应
2)查取货物总体积及船舶总舱容,并判别能 否承运?
从装货清单中查取:VC 从表3中查取: Vch 当满足: Vch > VC 时, 结论: 能够承运。
1.核定航次货运任务与船舶载货能力是否相适应
3)船舶其他装载能力是否满足要求? 本航次无特殊货,船舶装运条件能满足货
按评估当日日期查“载重线海图”确定。 3 航次货运任务
二. 积载步骤和要求
1.核定航次货运任务与船舶载货能力是否相适应 (5分)
1)计算航次净载重量NDW,查取航次装货重量, 并判别能否承运?
NDW = - L - G - C
从装货清单中查取:Q
当满足: NDW > Q 时,
实验要求: 1)能根据装货清单编制杂货船积载计划 2)掌握核算船舶装载能力的方法 3)掌握核算船舶稳性的方法 4)能正确绘制船舶积载图 评分标准:满分为50 评估方式:实操 评分标准:满分为50
评估项目—杂货船配积载
一. 船、港、航线和航次货运任务简介 1 船舶 选用“Q”轮资料,详见教材附录二。 船舶卡片见教材P126-127。 2 港口和航线 全航程中无水深限制,离始发港可采用的载重线
货物积载与系固实操培训
货物积载的重量平衡
重量分布
确保货物在运输工具中的重量分布均 匀,以避免局部过载或倾斜。
平衡计算
根据货物的重量和位置,进行平衡计 算,确保运输过程中的安全和稳定性 。
03
货物系固设备与工 具
系固设备的种类与选择
钢丝绳
用于固定大型货物,具 有高强度和抗拉性能,
船舶晃动或颠簸
总结词
船舶晃动或颠簸可能影响货物的安全和船舶的稳定性,特别是在恶劣天气和海况下。
详细描述
在积载和系固过程中,应充分考虑船舶的晃动或颠簸对货物的影响。根据船舶的特性和货物的性质,采取相应的 措施来减少晃动或颠簸的影响,例如合理安排货物的配载和支撑,以及使用减震材料等。同时,应密切关注天气 和海况的变化,以便及时采取应对措施。
02
货物积载的方法与 技巧
货物分类与选择积载方法
货物分类
根据货物的性质、尺寸、重量等 因素进行分类,以便选择合适的 积载方法。
选择积载方法
根据货物的分类,选择合适的积 载方法,如堆装、散装、框架积 载等。
货物积载的空间优化
利用空间
合理利用船舱、集装箱等运输工具的空间,提高货物装载量 。
空间优化
THANKS
感谢您的观看
适用于多种货物。
网兜
用于包裹和固定小型货 物,材质轻便,操作简
便。
木夹板
用于固定形状不规则的 货物,可调节性强,适 用于各种尺寸的货物。
钢带
用于固定小型至中型货 物,具有高强度和抗拉 性能,适用于各种环境
。
系固设备的正确使用方法
钢丝绳
网兜
根据货物的重量和尺寸选择合适的钢丝绳 ,将钢丝绳绕过货物并固定在固定点上, 确保钢丝绳受力均匀。
集装箱积载与系固的一般要求及检查要点
集装箱积载与系固的一般要求及检查要点————————————————————————————————作者:————————————————————————————————日期:集装箱积载与系固的一般要求及检查要点2011年03月04日星期五 08:38近几年,集装箱运输在长江有了突飞猛进的发展。
以南京港为例,水上集装箱的运输已从数年前的10万TEU,发展到2007年的100万TEU,其中内支线集装箱运输约占80%;镇江、江阴、张家港、南通、常熟等省内沿江港口集装箱吞吐量亦大幅上升。
集装箱运输作为一种新的运输方式,它对箱体的积载与系固不同于一般的干杂货,对船舶、船员的要求比其他普通货船和人员要高,但在日常工作中,我们发现其中还存在不少问题,与集装箱有关的事故也时有发生。
本文对集装箱积载与系固的一般要求进行了归纳和概况,并对常见问题和检查要点进行初步探讨,希望对内河从事集装箱运输的人员能有所帮助,对海事执法人员的监督检查也可提供一定的参考。
一、集装箱运输中的潜在风险树立风险意识是防范事故发生的关键所在。
集装箱的积载和系固应充分预计航程中可能出现的风险,这些风险主要包括:(一)超载或超负荷导致船舶沉没或船体遭受破坏的风险;(二)集装箱倾翻与滑动,或装载稳性不够,导致箱体的倾翻、移位与船舶的倾覆等;(三)污染类货物掉落水中,导致水体受污染的风险;(四)涉及人身安全及其他风险。
目前,许多载运集装箱的船舶都不是专用集装箱船舶,加之内河载运集装箱船舶的船员中相当一部分文化水平较低,对于集装箱积载与系固的重要性认识不够,或根本不具备集装箱运输的相关知识,从制定配载计划、稳性计算到实际积载、系固等都停留与普通货物相似的做法上,积载与系固中往往省却许多应有的工序,上述潜在的风险更易转化为现实的灾难。
二、集装箱积载与系固的一般要求避免潜在的风险转化为现实的灾难,载运集装箱的船舶在积载与系固应考虑以下几方面要求。
(一)防止船舶超载1、装载集装箱的船舶持有的《内河船舶适航证书》上载明的箱量一般为20英尺的标准箱量,如果装载其他尺度的集装箱应折算成20英尺的标箱。
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3.确定货物的舱位和货位
1)熟悉航次货物并进行分类
(4)易碎品(配于顶层)
瓷品*、搪瓷制品
(5)吸收和散发水分货
大米~、荞麦~、大豆、花生果~
(6)怕潮货
罐头、新闻纸*、茶叶、卫生纸~。
要求与潮湿货分舱配装。
(7)其他普通货
棉布、纺织品、文具、玩具、滑石粉*(清洁货,有扬尘,要求与大米和荞麦 分舱)、铸铁管*(要求打底)、钢管(要求打底)、铁丝网、塑料制品~、编织草席 ~(轻货,配于顶层)。
位置的纵向、横向和垂向加速度,m/s2;
Fwx、Fwy ——分别为上甲板货
件纵向、横向所受的风压力,kN;
Fsx、Fsy ——分别为上甲板货件
纵向、横向所受的波溅力,kN。
3.主动力和主动力矩的确定
F = ma + Fw + Fs 纵向力 Fx = max+Fwx+Fsx
横向力 Fy = may+Fwy+Fsy
6.绘制正式积载图
1)按“货位选配和扎位堆码原则”确定每票货货位; 垂向:轻、清、易碎货在上层,重、污、耐压货在
下层。按包装形式由上而下一般顺序为:易碎货、 纸箱货、木箱货、袋装货、捆装货、大桶货(或耐 压的裸装货)。注意货高倍数与舱高的吻合程度。 货堆层数不应超过其限制层数。怕潮货应避开舱内 易产生汗水部位(如露天甲板下、水线附近等)。 纵向:后卸港货、桶装液体货、重污货应选配于靠 舱后壁,单件重而大的货应配于舱口位下方。 横向:保证各到港货左右舷配货重量对中线面力矩 基本相等。
Fwx=Pw•Awx
Fwy=Pw•Awy
式中:Pw ——估计风压强,取Pw =1,kN/m2;
Awx、Awy ——分别为上甲板货件的纵向、横向受 风面积,m2;
Awx=货宽×货高 ;Awy=货长×货高
3)上甲板货件所受波溅力的确定
Fsx=Ps•Asx
Fsy=Ps•Asy 式中: Ps ——估计波溅力压强,取Ps=1,kN/m2; Asx、Asy ——分别为上甲板货件纵向、横向受波溅面积,
1.横向位移核查
Fy = may+Fwy+Fsy
[Fy]= μmg+cs1f1+cs2f2+cs3f3+…… 要求满足:Fy < [Fy] 即货件不产生横向位
移
2.纵向位移核查 Fx = max+Fwx+Fsx [Fx]=μm(g-az)+cs1f1+cs2f2+cs3f3+…… 要求满足:Fx < [Fx] 即货件不产生纵向位移。
6.绘制正式积载图
扎位堆码的原则:不宜深扎位,不同港货物 不宜直立扎位。 积载图绘制规则: 2)每票货要求标注:到港、关单号、货名、
重量、件数和包装形式。 3)备注栏上要求填写执行本计划所要求的
各注意事项。
评估项目—货物单元的积载和系固
实验项目--校核舱面货物单元的系索强度 实验内容: 1)船舶系固设施和布置 2)货物单元积载和系固方法 实验要求: 1)了解《货物积载与系固规则》所列12种货物单
SF ——安全系数,一般取1.5(1.35)。
二、评估计算方法
2.衡准表达式 当纵滑主动力Fx <纵滑约束力[Fx], 货件不会产
生纵向移动; 当横滑主动力 Fy <横滑约束力[Fy], 货件不会产
生横向移动; 当垂跃主动力 Fz <垂跃约束力[Fz],货件不
评估项目—货物单元的积载和系固
货物系固的必要性 1.货物单元的受力分析 1)重力——与船舶的最大横、纵倾角有关; 2)惯性力——与船舶摇荡运动和货位等有关; 3)风压力和波溅力——与受力面积有关。 2.货物单元系固的目的 1)防止货物位移(主要为防横向和纵向位移); 2)防止货物倾覆(主要为防横向倾覆); 3)防止货物受损(局部和结构)
按评估当日日期查“载重线海图”确定。 3 航次货运任务
二. 积载步骤和要求
1.核定航次货运任务与船舶载货能力是否相适应 (5分)
1)计算航次净载重量NDW,查取航次装货重量, 并判别能否承运?
NDW = - L - G - C
从装货清单中查取:Q
当满足: NDW > Q 时,
ax=aox•K1
ay=aoy•K1•K2
az=aoz•K1
式中:aox、aoy、aoz——分别为货件在不同位置 时的纵向、横向和垂向基本加速度(见表8-1);
K1——船长及航速修正系数(见表8-2);
K2——船宽与初稳性高度比修正系数(见表8-3)
2)上甲板货件所受风压力的确定
运要求。 结论: 能够承运
二. 积载步骤和要求
2.确定航次货重在各货舱、各层舱的分配控 制数(5分) 填写各货舱配货重量核算表中各舱装货重
量上下限值。其他数据待各舱配货完成后再 填写。
二. 积载步骤和要求
3.确定货物的舱位和货位(10分) 1)熟悉航次货物并进行分类 航次货物概况: (1)桶装液体货 花生油*、桐油~(限高5层);蜂蜜*、白油*(限高6层)。 要求配于中部大舱作打底货,每桶高0.8m。 (2)食品货 茶叶、大豆~、花生油*、蜂蜜*、罐头、大米、荞麦~。 要求货舱清洁、干燥、无虫害。 (3)气味货 兔毛~(与食品货分舱)、丝绸(轻微:与茶叶分室,与其他食品不相邻)
实验要求: 1)能根据装货清单编制杂货船积载计划 2)掌握核算船舶装载能力的方法 3)掌握核算船舶稳性的方法 4)能正确绘制船舶积载图 评分标准:满分为50 评估方式:实操 评分标准:满分为50
评估项目—杂货船配积载
一. 船、港、航线和航次货运任务简介 1 船舶 选用“Q”轮资料,详见教材附录二。 船舶卡片见教材P126-127。 2 港口和航线 全航程中无水深限制,离始发港可采用的载重线
会产生横向倾覆。 同时满足以上条件时,系固方案符合要求。
3.主动力和主动力矩的确定
F = ma + Fw + Fs 纵向力 Fx = max+Fwx+Fsx
横向力 Fy = may+Fwy+Fsy
垂直力 Fz = maz
式中:m ——货件的品质,t;
ax、ay、az ——分别为货件所在
横向位移核查
2.纵向位移核查
二、评估计算方法
1.计算强度CS
考虑到各系固装置之间的受力的不均匀以及由于装 配不当引起的强度降低等原因,系固设备计算强度 值应在MSL的基础上考虑到安全系数而确定,即:
CS = MSL/SF (kN)
式中:MSL ——系索的最大系固负荷(系固货物时 所允许的最大负荷能力);
横翻约束力矩
[My]= mg×b/2+cs1×l1+cs2×l2+cs3×l3+……
式中:b ——货宽,m; l =(b + h / tanα)sinα(式中:h—系固点高度,m;α—横向系
固角);
cs ——横向系固设备计算强度。 要求满足:My < [My] 即货件不产生横向倾覆。
的磨擦系数(钢与木材、钢与橡胶取μ=0.3,干燥的 钢与钢取μ=0.1, 潮湿的钢与钢取μ=0); α ——纵向系固角; az———货件所在位置的垂向加速度,m/s2; cs ——纵向系固设备计算强度; f ——μsinα+cosα (见表8-5)。
横滑约束力
[Fy]= μmg+cs1f1+cs2f2+cs3f3+…… 式中:μ ——磨擦系数; α ——横向系固角; cs ——横向系固设备计算强度; f ——μsinα+cosα (见表8-4)。
动和倾覆的主动力。其中由于船舶运动产生加速度引起的惯性力是主要
的。加速度的大小与装货位置、船舶摇摆周期有关。惯性力最大的部位
是船舶最前部、最后部和船舷的最高堆装位置。对货件的系固目的在于
防止货件的水平(主要是横向)移动和倾覆。
2.作用在货物单元上的约束力
约束力与货件移动方向相反,由系索提供的 系固力和货件与甲板间的摩擦力两部分组成。 按船舶坐标系可分解为纵滑约束力[Fx]、横 滑约束力[Fy]、垂跃约束力[Fz]
m2; Asx=2×货宽 , Asy=2×货长 (正常取2m高度受波溅)
实际的波溅力远大于上述计算值,上述值系指采取保护措施 后的残余波溅力
4)主动力矩 My=Fy×lz
式中:lz——货件横向 倾覆力臂,m。取货高 的一半
4. 约束力和约束力矩的计算 1)纵滑约束力
[Fx]=μm(g-az)+cs1f1+cs2f2+cs3f3+…… 式中:μ——货件底部与衬垫材料或船体结构之间
注:带*标记的为管理级题
带~标记的为操作级题
3.确定货物的舱位和货位
2)在积载草图上作好数据标注 3)拟定各舱配货的总体设想 4)拟定初配方案 注意要点: (1)特殊货先配,大票货先配; (2)各舱配货应同时展开,先选定全部货物的舱室,
再确定各票货的货位; (3)拆票原则:大票货可拆,但不宜拆得过散,货
一、货物单元的受力分析
1.作用在货物单元上的主动力
F=ma + Fw + Fs
(8-1)
式中:ma ——船舶运动引起的惯性力,纵、横、垂向;
Fw ——甲板货所受的风压力,纵、横向;
Fs ——甲板货所受的波溅力,纵、横向。