全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语考试大纲(非英语专业)附录三

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语考试大纲（非英语专业）附录三附录3 常用的前缀和后缀，部分国家（或地区）、语言、国民及国籍表，洲名及见缩写词一、常用的前缀和后缀1. 常用前缀aero-:concerning the air or aircraftplane—areoplanespace—aerospaceanti-:against; opposite ofnuclear—antinuclearmatter—antimatterwar—antiwarauto-:of or by oneselfbiography—autobiographycriticism—autocriticismbe-:to treat as the stated thingfriend—befriendlittle—belittlebi-:tow; twice; doublelingual—bilingualcycle—bicyclebio-:concerning living thingschemistry—biochemistrysphere—biosphereby-, bye-:less importantproduct— by-productway— bywaycenti-:hundredth partgrade—centigrademater—centimeterco-:together, withauthor—coauthorexist—coexistcol-:( used before l ) together, withlocation—collocationcom-:( used before b, m, p ) together, with Passion—compassioncon-:together, withcentric—concentricfederation—confederationcontra-:oppositediction—contradictionnatural—contranaturalcor-:( used before r ) together, withrelate—correlaterespond—correspondcounter-:oppositeact—counteractattack—counterattackcross-:across; going between the stated things and joining them country— cross-countrybreed—crossbreedde-:showing an opposite; to remove; to reduce code—decodevalue—devaluedis-:not; the opposite of advantage—disadvantage agree—disagreehonest—dishonestem-:( used before b, m, p ) to cause to become body—embodypower—empoweren-:to cause to become; to make danger—endangerlarge—enlargeex-:former ( and still living ) minister—ex-ministerwife— ex-wifeextra-:outside; beyond curricular—extracurricular ordinary—extraordinaryfore-:in advance, before; in or at the front arm—forearmwarn—forewarnil-:( used before l ) notlegal—illegalliterate—illiterateim-:( used before b, m, p ) not moral—immoral possible—impossiblein-:notdirect—indirectsensitive—insensitiveinfra-:below in a range; beyondred—infraredstructure—infrastructureinter-:between; amongchange—interchangenational—internationalintra-:inside, within; intocity—intracitydepartment— intra-departmentir-:( used before r ) notregular—irregularresponsible—irresponsiblekilo-:thousandgram—kilogrammater—kilometermacro-:large,esp. concerning a whole system rather than particular parts of economics—macroeconomicsstructure—macrostructuremal-:bad or badlyfunction—malfunctiontreat—maltreatmicro-:extremely smallcomputer—microcomputerelectronics—microelectronicsmid-:middleday—middaynight—midnightmini-:small; shortbus—minibusskirt—miniskirtmis-:bad or badly; wrong or wrongly fortune—misfortune understand—misunderstandmono-:one; single plane—monoplane tone—monotonemulti-:more than one; many purpose—multipurpose national—multinationalnon-:notresident—non(-)resident sense—nonsenseout-:outside; beyondlive—outlivedoor—outdoorover-:too much; above; additional head—overhead time—overtimepoly-:manycentric—polycentric syllabic—polysyllabicpost-:later than; aftergraduate—postgraduatewar—postwarpre-:before; in advancepay—prepaywar—prewarpro-:in favor of, supportingAmerica—pro-AmericaAbortion—pro-abortionpseudo-:not real; falsename—pseudonymscience—pseudosciencere-:again; back to the former stateunite—reuniteuse—reuseself-:by means of oneself or itself; of, to, with, for, or in oneself or itself employed—self-employedtaught—self-taughtsemi-:half; partlycircle—semicirclefinal—semifinalstep-:not by birth but through a parent who has remarried mother—stepmotherchildren—stepchildrensub-:under, below; less important; part of the stated bigger whole divide—subdividesection—subsectionsuper-:more, large, greater than usual market—supermarket natural—supernaturaltele-:at or over a long distance; by or for television communication—telecommunication screen—telescreentherm(o)-:concerning heat chemistry—thermochemistry meter—thermometertrans-:across, on or to the other side of; between Atlantic—transatlanticPlant—transplanttri-:three; three timesangular—triangularcycle—tricycleultra-:beyond; very, extremely modern—ultramodernsound—ultrasoundun-:notcertain—uncertain fortunate—unfortunateunder-:too little; belowdevelop—underdevelopsea—underseauti-:one; singleform—uniform directional—unidirectionalvice-:next in the rank; below chairman—vice-chairman president—vice-president2. 常用后缀（1）名词后缀-ability, -ibility able—ability flexible—flexibility-agepost—postage short—shortage-alarrive—arrival refuse—refusal-an, -ian, -arian library—librarian music—musician-ance, -ence appear—appearance refer—reference-ancy, -ency emerge—emergency expect—expectancy-ant, -ent apply—applicant correspond—correspondent-cy accurate—accuracy private—privacy-domking—kingdom free—freedom-ee employ—employee interview—interviewee-er, -or, -ar paint—painter beg—beggar-ery brave—bravery slave—slavery-ese China—Chinese Japan—Japanese-ess actor—actress waiter—waitress-ful hand—handful spoon—spoonful-hood child—childhood man—manhood-ics electron—electronics linguist—linguistics-ion, -ition, -ation collect—collection observe—observation-ism Marx—Marxism socialist—socialism-istpsychiatry—psychiatrist violin—violinist-ity, -ty cruel—cruelty pure—purity-ment move—movement retire—retirement-ness dark—darkness happy—happiness-ology climate—climatology future—futurology-ship friend—friendship scholar—scholarship-sion, -ssion decide—decision expand—expansion-thgrow—growth wide—width-ureclose—closure expose—exposure（2）动词后缀-endeep—deepen fast—fasten-ifyclass—classify simple—simplify-ize, -ise modern—modernize/ modernize popular—popularize/ popularize（3）形容词和后缀-able, iblesuit—suitable question—questionable-alnature—natural structure—structural-an, -arian, -ian suburb—suburban Canada—Canadian-ant, -entdiffer—different please—pleasant-ary, -oryadvise—advisory custom—customary-ate consider—considerate fortune—fortunate-engold—golden wood—wooden-eseChina—Chinese China—Chinese-freecare—carefreeduty—duty-free-fulcare—carefulpain—painful-ic, -icalatom—atomic psychology—psychological-ishgirl—girlish child—childish-ivecreate—creative support—supportive-lesshope—hopeless pain—painless-likechild—childlike lady—ladylike-lyman—manly month—monthly-ous, -ious danger—dangerous poison—poisonous-sometire—tiresome trouble—troublesome-ward down—downward up—upward-yguilt—guilty noise—noisy（4）副词后缀-lyeasy—easilyheavy—heavily-ward, -wards east—eastward ( s ) north—northward ( s )-wise clock—clockwise other—otherwise三、洲名四、常见缩写词。