Growth of Casting Microcrack and Micropore in Single-crystal Superalloys Analysed by Three-Dimen
高锰钢铸件裂纹产生的原因及预防措施
收稿日期 :Байду номын сангаас2005 10 28; 作者简介 : 张军强 ( 1969 修订日期 : 2006 02 07 ) , 陕西渭南人 , 工程师 . 从事生产管理工作 .
因裂纹造成非正常失效, 导致产品寿命降低。因此研 究高锰钢铸件裂纹产生的原因, 从而采取有效的预防 措施, 便成为铸造工作者的重要课题。本文根据生产 实践经验 , 试图阐明高锰钢铸件产生裂纹的机理, 从而 找到有效的预防措施 , 以求推动该课题的发展。 1 高锰钢铸件裂纹产生的原因分析 1. 1 在铸造生产过程中高锰钢铸件裂纹产生的原因 分析 高锰钢铸件产生裂纹的内在 原因主要有 3 个方 面: 高锰钢线收缩值高达 2. 4% ~ 3. 0% 是碳钢线收 缩值的 2 倍, 因此当高锰钢铸件在凝固收缩过程中收
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铸造技术 F OU N DRY T ECH NO LO GY
V ol. 27 N o. 4 A pr. 2006
高锰钢铸件裂纹产生的原因及预防措施
张军强 , 张文斌 , 王红旗
农科股份有限公司, 陕西 渭南 714100)
摘要 : 根据高锰钢生产的实践经验 , 提出了高锰钢铸 件在铸造生产过程中裂纹产生的 机理及受大 冲击载荷 高锰钢铸件 在使用 过程中裂纹产生发展的机理 。 认为铸件在使用过程中 的非正 常失效 的原因 主要是 由于铸件 内部存 在着显 微裂纹 、 碳化 物孔 洞、 晶界上的磷共晶 、 非金属夹杂物 、 缩孔 、 缩松等缺陷造成 。 从铸件的 结构设计 、 化学成分的选取 、 冶炼 、 浇注 、 造型 、 清理及热 处理各个环节中根据高锰钢的特点 , 制订出合理的工 艺并严 格执行 而获得优 质的铸 件 。 通过 采取细化 晶粒 、 强化 脱氧 、 脱磷 来预防铸件产生裂纹 。 生产实践证明 : 以上措施是消除或减小高锰钢铸件裂纹的有效手段 。 关键词 : 高锰钢 ; 裂纹 ; 预防措施
助溶剂法生长碳化硅晶体
助溶剂法生长碳化硅晶体英文回答：Growing silicon carbide crystals using the solvent-assisted method is a common technique in crystal growth research. This method involves the use of a solvent to enhance the solubility of the silicon and carbon precursors, allowing for the controlled growth of high-quality crystals.In this process, a solvent is chosen that has a high solubility for both the silicon and carbon precursors. Common solvents used include toluene, xylene, and acetone. The solvent is then mixed with the precursors, such as silicon tetrachloride (SiCl4) and a carbon source like propane or acetylene.The solvent-assisted method offers several advantages over other crystal growth techniques. Firstly, it allowsfor better control over the crystal growth process,resulting in higher quality crystals with fewer defects.The solvent acts as a buffer, preventing the formation of impurities and ensuring the crystal grows in a controlled manner.Additionally, the solvent-assisted method enables the growth of larger crystals compared to other methods. The enhanced solubility provided by the solvent allows for the incorporation of more silicon and carbon atoms into the crystal lattice, leading to larger crystal sizes.To illustrate this, let's consider an analogy. Imagine you are baking a cake. The solvent in this case is like the cake batter, which helps to dissolve and evenly distribute the ingredients (silicon and carbon precursors) throughout the mixture. Without the batter, the ingredients may clump together or not mix properly, resulting in an uneven and poorly formed cake (crystal).Now, let's move on to the 中文回答：助溶剂法生长碳化硅晶体是晶体生长研究中常用的技术。
我国的微雕技术作文
我国的微雕技术作文英文回答：Micro-carving technology in China has a long history and has been widely used in various fields. Micro-carving, also known as micro-sculpture, is a traditional Chinese art form that involves carving intricate designs or sculptures on a very small scale. This delicate and intricate art form requires a high level of skill and precision, and it has been passed down through generations of artisans.The micro-carving technique in China is often used in the creation of jewelry, decorative art pieces, and even in the restoration of cultural relics. The level of detail and precision that can be achieved through micro-carving is truly remarkable, and it has become a highly valued and respected art form in China.One of the most famous examples of micro-carving in China is the micro-carving on the surface of a single grainof rice. This incredible feat of artistry and skill has gained international recognition and has become a symbol of the level of craftsmanship that can be achieved through micro-carving.The tools used in micro-carving are extremely small and delicate, and the process requires a steady hand and a great deal of patience. Artisans often use specialized magnifying tools to ensure that they can achieve the level of detail and precision required for micro-carving.In recent years, micro-carving has also gained popularity as a form of modern art in China. Contemporary artists are using micro-carving techniques to create innovative and unique works of art that push the boundaries of traditional micro-carving.Overall, the micro-carving technique in China is a testament to the skill and artistry of Chinese artisans. It is a highly respected and valued art form that continues to evolve and inspire new generations of artists.中文回答：中国的微雕技术源远流长，已经被广泛运用于各个领域。
介绍微雕技艺作文英语
介绍微雕技艺作文英语Title: The Art of Microcarving: A Delicate Craft。
Microcarving, a delicate art form originating from ancient cultures, has evolved into a sophisticated technique known as micro-engraving or micro-sculpting. This intricate artistry involves carving minuscule designs onto surfaces, often requiring specialized tools and a meticulous hand. In this essay, we delve into the realm of microcarving, exploring its history, techniques, and contemporary applications.Historical Roots:Microcarving finds its roots in ancient civilizations such as Egypt, Greece, and China. These cultures employed microcarving techniques to adorn jewelry, pottery, and architectural elements with intricate designs. In ancient China, artisans mastered the art of microcarving on materials like jade and ivory, creating exquisitesculptures and ornaments that are revered to this day.Techniques:Modern microcarving techniques have advanced significantly, owing to technological innovations and refined craftsmanship. Artisans utilize specialized tools such as microscopes, engraving needles, and lasers to achieve precision in their work. The process begins with selecting a suitable material, often gemstones like diamonds or rubies due to their hardness and clarity. The artisan then meticulously sketches the design before delicately carving it onto the surface of the material. The intricacy of microcarving requires immense patience and skill, as even the slightest error can ruin the entire piece.Challenges and Rewards:Microcarving presents a unique set of challenges compared to traditional carving methods. Working on such a small scale demands steady hands, acute vision, and anunderstanding of the material's properties. Moreover, the fragility of the medium means that one must exercise caution throughout the entire process to avoid accidental damage. However, the rewards of mastering microcarving are unparalleled. The ability to breathe life into minute details and create awe-inspiring pieces of art is immensely gratifying for artisans and viewers alike.Contemporary Applications:In the modern era, microcarving has found diverse applications across various industries. In the realm of jewelry, micro-engraving allows designers to adorn pieces with intricate motifs, adding a touch of elegance and sophistication. Beyond adornment, microcarving has also found utility in security features for banknotes and identification documents. Microscopically engraved patterns and images serve as anti-counterfeiting measures, enhancing the security and authenticity of valuable documents.Conclusion:In conclusion, microcarving stands as a testament to the ingenuity and skill of artisans throughout history. From its humble beginnings in ancient civilizations to its contemporary applications in technology and art, microcarving continues to captivate and inspire. As technology advances and artistic boundaries expand, the art of microcarving will undoubtedly evolve, pushing the limits of what is possible on a minuscule scale.。
难熔金属粉末冶金制备新技术
难熔金属的粉末冶金制备新技术何勇学号：153312086粉末冶金研究院摘要：本文简要介绍了几种难熔金属的制备新技术，包括三种现代粉末冶金烧结技术（微波烧结、放电等离子烧结、选择性激光烧结）与两种近静成型技术（3D打印、金属粉末注射成形）。
介绍其制备方法的基本原理、技术优势以及应用现状，并在最后简单阐述材料制备技术的发展趋势。
先进烧结技术具有烧结温度低、烧结速度快、晶粒组织细化、结构均匀可控等优点，同时节约能源，生产效率高，是未来难熔金属制品致密化过程的优良选择；近静成型技术摒弃了传统材料制品制备和加工分开进行的传统工艺，大大缩短了生产周期，已成为当今难熔金属材料研究的热点，在高新尖端领域拥有十分可观的前景。
关键词：难熔金属；制备工艺技术；粉末冶金Abstract: This paper briefly introduces several new techniques of preparation of refractory metal, including three modern sintering technologies such as microwave sintering and two kinds of near net shape techniques. The basic principles，advantages and research status of these methods are claimed in the main paragraph. At the last part, some development trend of refractory metal materials are listed briefly.Not only do they possess unique advantages on rapid heating rate, short sintering time, inhibiting grain growth and controlling microstructure, but also show enormous industrial application value and prospect in terms of short production cycle and high efficiency energy saving, so the new sintering techniques have become a present research focus in material field.Near net shape technology has a very considerable prospects in the high-tech frontier because it greatly shortens the production cycle.Key words: refractory metal; preparation technique; powder metallurgy1 前言难熔金属[1]一般是指熔点在2000℃以上的过渡金属元素，广义上包括钨（W）、钼（Mo）、钽（Ta）、铌（Nb）、钛（Ti）、钒（V）、铬（Cr）、锆（Zr）等十几种元素。
模仿核州记写一篇微雕作文
模仿核州记写一篇微雕作文英文回答：A Microscopic Masterpiece: The Intricate Art of Microtechnology.Microtechnology, the art of creating intricate structures on a minuscule scale, is a testament to human ingenuity and the advancement of science. This cutting-edge technology has opened up countless possibilities in diverse fields, from medicine and biotechnology to microelectronics and manufacturing.The humble origins of microtechnology can be traced back to the early 20th century. It was not until the invention of the scanning tunneling microscope in 1981, however, that scientists gained the ability to manipulate and visualize matter at the atomic level. This breakthrough paved the way for the development of advanced lithography techniques, enabling the precise fabrication of microscopicstructures.Today, microtechnology encompasses a wide range of processes, including photolithography, electron beam lithography, and focused ion beam milling. These techniques allow engineers to create structures with feature sizes ranging from nanometers to micrometers. The applications of microtechnology are vast and ever-expanding.In the medical realm, microtechnology hasrevolutionized diagnostics and treatment. Microneedles, for example, provide a minimally invasive method for drug delivery and blood testing. Microfluidic devices enable precise control of fluids, making them ideal for DNA sequencing and cell analysis. Microrobots, controlled by external magnetic fields or light, offer promising avenues for targeted drug delivery and minimally invasive surgery.Microtechnology is also transforming the field of microelectronics. Microchips, essential for countless electronic devices, are becoming increasingly smaller and more powerful thanks to microtechnology. Microwires andmicrobatteries enable new possibilities for flexible electronics and wearable devices.In the manufacturing sector, microtechnology is enabling the creation of high-precision components and devices. Micromachined sensors, for instance, improve performance and reliability in aerospace and automotive applications. Micromolds and microfabrication techniques facilitate the mass production of micro-optical components, revolutionizing the telecommunications industry.The possibilities offered by microtechnology are limitless. As scientists continue to push the boundaries of this technology, we can expect even more transformative applications in healthcare, electronics, manufacturing, and other industries.中文回答：微观杰作，微加工技术的精妙艺术。
描写微雕技术的作文600字
描写微雕技术的作文600字英文回答：Micro-carving, known as microengraving or micro-etching, is an art form that involves engraving intricate designs or images onto extremely small surfaces, typically using specialized tools such as magnifying glasses, scalpels, and lasers. The resulting works of micro-carving are often breathtakingly detailed and intricate, showcasing the skill and precision of the artist.The history of micro-carving can be traced back to ancient times, with early examples found in prehistoriccave paintings and artifacts. However, it was during the Renaissance period in Europe that micro-carving truly flourished, as skilled artisans used magnifying glasses to create intricate engravings on jewelry, watches, and other small objects.Today, micro-carving continues to captivate artists andcollectors alike, with contemporary practitioners pushing the boundaries of the art form through innovative techniques and materials. Modern micro-carving often utilizes advanced technologies such as laser engraving and nano-machining, allowing artists to create designs with unprecedented detail and precision.Micro-carving has found applications in a wide range of fields, including art, jewelry making, watchmaking, and medical technology. In art, micro-carved sculptures and engravings are highly prized for their intricate beauty and craftsmanship. In jewelry making, micro-carving is used to create intricate designs and textures on rings, pendants, and other pieces. In watchmaking, micro-carving is employed to engrave intricate patterns on watch faces and movements. In medical technology, micro-carving techniques are used to create precision components for surgical instruments and implants.中文回答：微雕，又称微刻或微蚀刻，是一种在极小的表面上雕刻精细图案或图像的艺术形式，通常使用放大镜、手术刀和激光等专门工具。
PMMA微流控芯片注射成型多目标优化实验研究
第 54 卷第 7 期2023 年 7 月中南大学学报(自然科学版)Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology)V ol.54 No.7Jul. 2023PMMA 微流控芯片注射成型多目标优化实验研究吴旺青，雷益华，单志颖，蒋炳炎(中南大学 机电工程学院，极端服役性能精准制造全国重点实验室，湖南 长沙，410083)摘要：随着微流控技术的不断发展和聚合物材料的广泛应用，注射成型技术因其快速、低成本、大批量的生产等优势而成为聚合物微流控芯片成型制造的主要方式之一，但也存在微结构成型难、残余应力与宏观变形等问题。
为表征聚合物微流控芯片成型能力、研究工艺参数对成型质量的影响，采用正交实验研究熔体温度、注射压力、注射速度、保压压力和保压时间对聚甲基丙烯酸酯(PMMA)微流控芯片微通道复制度、残余应力、宏观翘曲变形三种指标的影响规律，并利用灰色关联分析法对三种指标进行多目标优化得到最优工艺参数。
研究结果表明：影响微通道复制度最主要的因素是注射速度和熔体温度，影响残余应力与翘曲变形最主要的因素是熔体温度；利用正交实验对三种指标优化得到的最优参数存在差异，而利用灰色关联分析方法进行多目标优化得到了微通道复制度高、残余应力小和翘曲变形小的高质量芯片。
最优注射成型工艺参数如下：熔体温度为245 ℃、注射压力为160 MPa 、注射速度为50 cm 3/s 、保压压力为70 MPa 和保压时间为5 s 。
关键词：微流控芯片；注射成型；多目标优化中图分类号：TQ320.66 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1672-7207（2023）07-2630-12Experimental study on multi-objective optimization of PMMAmicrofluidic chip injection moldingWU Wangqing, LEI Yihua, SHAN Zhiying, JIANG Bingyan(State Key Laboratory of Precision Manufacturing for Extreme Service Performance, School of Mechanical andElectrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China)Abstract: With the continuous development of microfluidic technology and the wide application of polymer materials, injection molding technology has become one of the main ways of polymer microfluidic chip molding and manufacturing because of its advantages of fast speed, low cost and mass production. However, there are also some problems such as difficulty in forming microstructure, residual stress and macroscopic deformation. In order to characterize the molding ability of polymer microfluidic chip and study the influence of process parameters on收稿日期： 2022 −09 −02； 修回日期： 2022 −11 −18基金项目(Foundation item)：国家自然科学基金重点国际(地区)合作研究项目(51920105008) (Project(51920105008) supported bythe National Natural Science Foundation of China for Key International(Regional) Joint Research Program)通信作者：吴旺青，博士，教授，从事高聚物微纳成型加工理论与应用研究；E-mail ：**************.cnDOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7207.2023.07.010引用格式： 吴旺青, 雷益华, 单志颖, 等. PMMA 微流控芯片注射成型多目标优化实验研究[J]. 中南大学学报(自然科学版), 2023, 54(7): 2630−2641.Citation: WU Wangqing, LEI Yihua, SHAN Zhiying, et al. Experimental study on multi-objective optimization of PMMA microfluidic chip injection molding[J]. Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology), 2023, 54(7): 2630−2641.第 7 期吴旺青，等：PMMA微流控芯片注射成型多目标优化实验研究molding quality, the influence of melt temperature, injection pressure, injection speed, holding pressure and holding time on microchannel complex system, residual stress and macroscopic warp deformation of polymethacrylate(PMMA) microfluidic chip was studied by orthogonal experiment. The optimal parameters were obtained by multi-objective optimization of the three indexes using grey correlation analysis method. The results show that the injection speed and melt temperature are the most important factors affecting the microchannel replication, and the melt temperature is the most important factor affecting the residual stress and warpage deformation. The optimum parameters of the three indexes are different from each other by orthogonal experiment, and the high quality chip with high complex microchannel system, low residual stress and small warpage deformation is obtained by multi-objective optimization using grey correlation analysis method. The optimal parameters are as follows. The melt temperature is 245 ℃, the injection pressure is 160 MPa, the injection speed is50 cm3/s, the pressure holding pressure is 70 MPa and the pressure holding time is 5 s.Key words: microfluidic chip; injection molding; multi-objective optimization随着科技的进步，实验室检测技术的要求也越来越高，尤其是在化学分析、医学检验、生命科学等领域[1−2]。
鄂尔多斯盆地长北区块山西组天然裂缝特征及其对天然气产能的影响
Journal of Oil and Gas Technology 石油天然气学报, 2020, 42(1), 24-36Published Online March 2020 in Hans. /journal/jogthttps:///10.12677/jogt.2020.421003Natural Fracture Characteristics ofShanxi Formation in Changbei Blockof Ordos Basin and Its Influence onNatural Gas Production CapacityChaofeng Ren1, Gang Yi1, Ze Pei1, Xiaoming Jiang2, Siyuan Li1, Jiansong Huang31Petrochina Changqing Oilfield ChangBei Operating Company, Yulin Shaanxi2Petrochina Corporation Logging Co. LTD. Changqing Branch Company, Yulin Shaanxi3Petrochina Changqing Oilfield Exploration and Development Research Institute, Yulin ShaanxiReceived: Feb. 4th, 2020; accepted: Feb. 28th, 2020; published: Mar. 12th, 2020AbstractThe ground’s outcrop, drilling core, logging data and casting thin section identification data show that there are generally unfilled en echelon or “X” conjugate shear joints, fractures, micro frac-tures and local small vertical governance fractures in all kinds of brittle strata in Ordos Basin. The joints (fractures) caused by structural stresses such as compression and shear, as well as the cor-rosion induced by these fractures, undoubtedly become the high porosity and high permeability zones with relatively high oil and gas enrichment and high yield in tight reservoirs under the background of low porosity and low permeability. Based on the surface outcrop survey, FMI log-ging and fracture data from a small number of drilling cores and casting thin sections, this paper intends to analyze the genesis, development characteristics, distribution rules of fractures in Shan2 reservoir in Changbei block and its influence on natural gas production.KeywordsChangbei Block, Shanxi Formation, Natural Fracture, Gas Production Capacity鄂尔多斯盆地长北区块山西组天然裂缝特征及其对天然气产能的影响鄂尔多斯盆地长北区块山西组天然裂缝特征及其对天然气产能的影响任超峰1，易 刚1，裴 泽1，姜孝明2，李思园1，黄建松31中国石油长庆油田长北作业分公司，陕西 榆林 2中国石油集团测井有限公司长庆分公司，陕西 榆林 3中国石油长庆油田勘探开发研究院，陕西 榆林 收稿日期：2020年2月4日；录用日期：2020年2月28日；发布日期：2020年3月12日摘要地面露头、钻井岩芯、测井资料和铸体薄片鉴定资料表明，鄂尔多斯盆地内的各类脆性地层中，普遍发育未充填的雁行状或“X ”共轭剪切节理、裂缝、微裂缝和局部小型治理直立断裂。
关于微雕介绍的作文300字
关于微雕介绍的作文300字英文回答：Microblading, also known as eyebrow embroidery or eyebrow tattooing, is a semi-permanent makeup techniquethat involves using a small handheld tool to create hair-like strokes on the eyebrows. It is a popular method for enhancing the appearance of eyebrows, especially for those who have thin or sparse eyebrows.Microblading is a meticulous process that requires precision and skill. The technician uses a microblade, which is a small blade made up of several tiny needles, to deposit pigment into the skin. The strokes created with the microblade mimic the natural hairs of the eyebrows, resulting in a more defined and fuller look.One of the advantages of microblading is its long-lasting effect. Unlike traditional eyebrow tattooing, which can fade and change color over time, microblading typicallylasts for 1-3 years. However, the longevity of the results may vary depending on factors such as skin type, lifestyle, and aftercare.Another benefit of microblading is its natural-looking results. The strokes created with the microblade are designed to blend seamlessly with the existing eyebrow hairs, making it difficult to distinguish between the natural hairs and the microbladed strokes. This creates a more realistic and natural appearance.In addition to enhancing the appearance of eyebrows, microblading can also help to correct asymmetrical eyebrows or fill in gaps caused by over-plucking or medical conditions. It can also be used to reshape the eyebrows and create a more flattering arch.Microblading is a relatively painless procedure, as a topical numbing cream is applied to the eyebrows prior to the treatment. However, some discomfort may be experienced during the procedure, as the microblade creates small incisions in the skin.Overall, microblading is a popular and effective method for achieving fuller and more defined eyebrows. It offers long-lasting and natural-looking results, making it a great option for those who want to enhance their eyebrows.中文回答：微雕，也被称为眉毛刺绣或眉毛纹身，是一种半永久化妆技术，通过使用小型手持工具在眉毛上创造类似头发的笔触。
微塑料在多孔介质中的沉积和迁移行为研究进展
化工与材料工程河南科技Henan Science and Technology总第876期第5期2024年3月收稿日期：2023-11-04基金项目：河南省重点研发与推广专项（科技攻关）项目（212102310026）；河南省本科高校青年骨干教师培养计划（2021GGJS063）；河南工业大学青年骨干教师培育计划。
作者简介：马晰禹 (1998—)，男，硕士生，研究方向：新兴污染物在地下水土环境中的归趋。
通信作者：白红娟 (1987—)，女，博士，副教授，研究方向：新兴污染物在地下水土环境中的归趋。
微塑料在多孔介质中的沉积和迁移行为研究进展马晰禹 成冬祥 白红娟（河南工业大学化学化工学院，河南 郑州 450001）摘 要：【目的】土壤和地下水环境中存在的微塑料颗粒对生态安全和人类健康具有潜在风险，研究微塑料的迁移和沉积具有重要意义。
【方法】从微塑料特性、溶液因素、多孔介质和污染物共迁移这几个角度来分析影响微塑料迁移的机制和因素。
【结果】结果表明：微塑料的粒径、形状和表面基团对迁移的影响巨大；多孔介质的性质和溶液中的物理化学条件改变了微塑料与介质之间的相互作用力，从而影响迁移行为；微塑料与污染物的共迁移主要受各自本身的结构和特性影响。
【结论】微塑料在环境中有较强的迁移能力，并且易于被天然污染物附着，在今后的环境治理中需要进一步探究微塑料的迁移行为。
关键词：微塑料；迁移；多孔介质；污染物中图分类号：X505 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1003-5168（2024）05-0071-06DOI ：10.19968/ki.hnkj.1003-5168.2024.05.015Research Progress on Deposition and Transport Behavior of Microplas⁃tics in Porous MediaMA Xiyu CHENG Dongxiang BAI Hongjuan(School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001,China)Abstract: [Purposes ] The presence of microplastic particles in soil and groundwater environments posespotential risks to ecological safety and human health, therefore, so it is of great significance to study the transport and deposition of microplastics. [Methods ] In this paper, the mechanisms and factors affecting microplastic transport are analyzed from the perspectives of microplastic properties, solution factors, po⁃rous media and pollutant co-transport. [Findings ] The results show that the particle size, shape and sur⁃face groups of microplastics have a strong influence on transport; the nature of the porous media and the physicochemical conditions in the solution change the interaction force between microplastics and the media, which affects the transport behavior; in addition, the co-transport of microplastics and pollutantsis mainly affected by their own structure and properties. [Conclusions ] Microplastics have a strong abil⁃ity to transport in the environment and the transport behavior of microplastics needs to be further ex⁃plored in the future environmental governance. Keywords: microplastics; transport; porous media; contaminants0 引言如今，自然环境中存在的微塑料颗粒对生态安全和人类健康造成的潜在风险已引起公众的关注［1-4］。
关于微雕技术的作文英语
关于微雕技术的作文英语As a relatively new technique in the field of cosmetic surgery, micro-sculpting has gained increasing popularityin recent years. Micro-sculpting refers to the use of minimally invasive procedures to enhance one's facial features, such as the nose, chin, and cheeks. Thistechnique has been widely adopted by celebrities andordinary people alike, as it offers a more natural andsubtle way to improve one's appearance.Micro-sculpting is a highly precise and intricate procedure, requiring the use of specialized tools and equipment. The surgeon uses a small needle to injectfillers into the targeted areas, which can be made of hyaluronic acid, calcium hydroxyapatite, or other materials. These fillers are carefully chosen and customized to suit the patient's individual needs and preferences, ensuring a natural and harmonious look.One of the major advantages of micro-sculpting is itsminimally invasive nature. Unlike traditional plastic surgery, which often involves cutting and suturing, micro-sculpting requires only small incisions or injections. This means that there is less pain, swelling, and scarring, and a shorter recovery time. Patients can usually return to their normal activities within a few days, without any major disruptions to their daily lives.Another benefit of micro-sculpting is its versatility. It can be used to correct a wide range of facial imperfections, from asymmetrical features to wrinkles and sagging skin. The fillers used in micro-sculpting can also be adjusted over time, allowing the patient to fine-tune their appearance as needed. This makes micro-sculpting a highly customizable and personalized procedure, tailored to the patient's unique goals and desires.Despite its many benefits, micro-sculpting is not without its risks and limitations. As with any medical procedure, there is always a risk of complications, such as infection, bleeding, or allergic reactions. Patients should also be aware that the effects of micro-sculpting are notpermanent, and may require touch-ups or repeat treatments over time. It is important to discuss these risks and limitations with a qualified and experienced surgeon before undergoing micro-sculpting.In conclusion, micro-sculpting is a promising and innovative technique in the field of cosmetic surgery. Its minimally invasive nature, versatility, and customization make it an attractive option for those seeking to enhance their facial features. However, patients should approach micro-sculpting with caution and careful consideration, and choose a qualified and experienced surgeon to ensure the best possible results.。
冶金专业英语词汇(M)
冶金专业英语词汇(M) 冶金专业英语词汇(M) machinability 可切显machinability annealing 改善加工性的退火machinable cast iron 可淆铁machine casting 机械化铸造machine charging 机械装料machine molding 机旗型machine side 推焦侧machine welding 机械化焊接machine work 机械加工machinery casting 机械化铸造machining 机械加工machining allowance 加工余量machining property 可切显mackintoshite 黑铀缸矿macle 双晶macro analysis 常量分析macro etching 宏观浸蚀macroaxis 长轴macrocrack 宏观裂纹macrogranular structure 粗粒组织macrograph 宏观组织相片macrographic test 宏观照相检验macrography 宏观检验macroscopic segregation 宏观偏析macroscopic stress 宏观应力macroscopic structure 宏观组织macrosection 宏观磨片macrosegregation 宏观偏析macrostress 宏观应力macrostructure 宏观组织mag coke 镁焦magnalium 马格纳利乌姆铝镁铸造合金magnesia 苦土magnesia brick 镁砖magnesia carbon brick 镁碳砖magnesia carbon refractory 镁碳质耐火材料magnesia cement 菱镁土水泥magnesian lime 镁石灰magnesian limestone 镁质石灰岩magnesioferrite 镁铁矿magnesite 菱镁矿magnesite brick 镁砖magnesite dolomite refractory 镁质白云石耐火材料magnesite lining 镁砂内衬magnesite refractory 镁质耐火材料magnesium 镁magnesium alloy 镁合金magnesium base alloy 镁基合金magnesium chloride 氯化镁magnesium nitride 氮化镁magnesium oxide 氧化镁magnesium sulfate 硫酸镁mag 磁石mag crane 电磁铁起重机mag steel 磁石钢magic aftereffect 磁性后效magic aging 磁时效magic alloy 磁性合金magic analysis 磁分析magic anisotropy 磁蛤异性magic annealing 磁性退火magic blowout 磁吹熄弧magic circuit 磁路magic concentration 磁力选矿magic crack detection 磁力探伤法magic cycle 磁化循环magic domain 磁畴magic field 磁场magic field intensity 磁场强度magic field strength 磁场强度magic filter 磁性过滤器magic flaw detection 磁力探伤法magic flaw detector 磁力探伤器magic flux 磁通magic flux density 磁通密度magic hammer 磁性锤magic hysteresis 磁滞magic induction 磁感应magic inspection 磁力探伤法magic iron ore 磁铁矿magic material 磁性材料magic moment 磁矩magic needle 磁针magic permeability 磁导率magic polarization 磁极化magic pole 磁极magic potential 磁位magic properties 磁特性magic pyrite 磁黄铁矿magic quantum number 磁量子数magic resistance 磁阻magic rigidity 磁刚性magic saturation 磁性饱和magic separation 磁选magic separator 磁力选矿机magic susceptibility 磁化率magic transformation 磁性变化magic viscosity 磁粘性magically hard alloy 硬磁合金magically soft alloy 软磁合金magism 磁性magite 磁铁矿magite concentrate 磁铁精矿magization 磁化magization curve 磁化曲线magizing 磁化magizing force 磁化力magizing roasting 磁化焙烧magograph 磁强记录仪magography 磁记录法magometer 磁强计magometric analysis 测磁分析magomotive force 起磁力magostriction 磁致伸缩magostriction constant 磁致伸缩常数magnification 放大倍数main deformation 治变main drive 肢动main frequency furnace 工频电炉main roof 织顶main table 工柞道maitlandite 钍铅铀矿malachite 孔雀石malacon 变水锆石maldonite 黑铋金矿malleability 可锻性;可塑性malleable iron 可锻铸铁malleablizing 韧化mallet 木锤malmstone 砂岩mandrel 芯杆mandrel bar 芯棒mandrel coiler 筒式卷取机mandrel die 舌形组合模mandrel drawing 长芯棒拔制mandrel extractor 芯棒抽出机mandrel holder 芯棒座mandrel mill 芯棒式无缝管轧机mandrel stripper 芯棒抽出机mandrel stripping 芯棒抽出mandrel uncoiler 卷筒式开卷机manganate 锰酸盐manganese 锰manganese brass 锰黄铜manganese bronze 锰青铜manganese chloride 氯化锰manganese dioxide 二氧化锰manganese dithionate 过二硫酸锰manganese green 绿锰矿manganese iron 含锰生铁manganese killed steel 锰镇静钢manganese ore 锰矿manganese oxide 氧化锰manganese steel 锰钢manganese sulfate 硫酸锰manganese superoxide 过氧化锰manganese yield 锰收得率manganic acid 锰酸manganic oxide 三氧化二锰manganic salt 正锰盐manganin 锰铜manganite 亚锰酸盐manganosite 方锰矿manganous acid 亚锰酸manganous oxide 氧化亚锰manganous salt 亚锰盐mangling 矫直manipulation 操纵manipulator 操纵器;推床manipulator slide beam 推床的导板mannesmann mill 带桶形轧辊的穿孔机mannesmann piercer 带桶形轧辊的穿孔机mannesmann process 曼内斯曼轧管法manometer pressure 计示压力mantle 铁罩mantle ring 炉身托圈manual welding 手工焊接manufacturing process 生产过程maraging 马氏体时效maraging steel 马氏体时效钢marble fracture 大理石状断口marcasite 白铁矿margin 边缘marine corrosion 海水腐蚀mark 痕迹market brass 普通黄铜marking 标志marl 泥灰土marl brick 泥灰岩砖marmatite 铁闪锌岩marsh gas 沼气martempering 马氏体等温淬火martensite 马氏体martensite finish point mf 点martensite plate 马氏体片martensite point 马氏体转变点martensite start point ms 点martensite structure 马氏体组织martensitic aging 马氏体时效martensitic phase 马氏体相martensitic range 马氏体区域martensitic steel 马氏体钢martensitic transformation 马氏体转变martin furnace 平炉martin process 平炉炼钢法martite 假像赤铁矿martite concentrate 假像赤铁矿精矿mash 矿浆mash seam welding 滚压电阻缝焊mass 质量mass action 质量酌mass analysis 质量分析mass concentration 质量浓度mass defect 质量筐mass effect 质量效应mass percent 质量白分比mass spectrograph 质谱仪mass spectrography 质谱分析法mass spectrometer 质谱分光计mass spectrometry 质谱分析mass spectroscopy 质谱学mass spectrum 质谱mass transfer 质量转移massicot 铅黄massive martensite 块状马氏体massive minerals 块状矿物master 标准规master alloy 中间合金master form 阴模master gage 标准规master pattern 原模型mat etching 变暗浸蚀mat surface 消光外表match plate 对型板material balance 物料平衡mathematical model 数学模型matrix 基体;模型;脉石matrix metal 基体金属matte 锍冰铜matte smelting 冰铜熔炼maximum load 最高负荷maximum permeability 最大磁导率maximum stress 最大应力mean error 平均误差mean free path 平均自由行程mean pressure 平均压力mean square error 均方误差mean stress 平均应力measuring apparatus 测量装置measuring cell 测力仪measuring head 移动定尺挡板measuring hopper 计量料包measuring instrument 测量仪器mechanical alloying 机械合金化mechanical anisotropy 机械性能蛤异性mechanical charging 机械装料mechanical classifier 机械分级机mechanical cleaning 机械清理mechanical descaling 机械除鳞mechanical energy 机械能mechanical equivalent of heat 机械的热当量mechanical metallization 机械金属化mechanical metallurgy 加工冶金学mechanical mixture 机械混合物mechanical molding 机旗型mechanical passivity 机械钝态mechanical plating 机械镀覆mechanical polishing 机械抛光mechanical press 机械压力机mechanical properties 机械性质mechanical rammer 缓冲器mechanical strength 机械强度mechanical stress 机械应力mechanical stripping 机械脱模mechanical test 机械性能试验mechanical tube 结构用管mechanical twin 形变孪晶mechanism 机构medium 介质medium carbon steel 中碳钢medium plate 中板medium section mill 中型轧机medium shape 中型型钢meehanite 米哈奈特铸铁melaconite 黑铜矿melanite 黑榴石melt 熔解melt backing 焊药垫melt down period 熔化期melt through 焊穿meltability 可熔性meltdown 熔化melter 熔炼炉melting 熔解melting furnace 熔炼炉melting heat 熔化热melting loss 熔化损melting point 熔点melting pot 熔化锅melting temperature 熔化温度melting zone 熔化带membrane 膜mendelevium 钔meniscus 弯月面merchant bar 商品条钢merchant iron 商品条钢merchant mill 小型轧机mercuric pound 正汞化合物mercurous pound 亚汞化合物mercury 汞merit number 质量指标mesh 筛目mesh analysis 筛分析mesh number 筛号mesh size 筛孔径metacinnabarite 黑辰砂矿metal 金属metal arc inert gas welding 金属惰性气体电弧焊metal arc welding 金属弧焊接metal bath 金属浴metal beating 金属的锤还薄metal carbonyl 羰基金属metal cased brick 铁皮砖metal cementation 渗金属法metal ceramic technique 金属陶瓷法metal ceramics 金属陶瓷metal charge 金属装料metal coating 金属敷层metal deposit 熔敷金属metal electrode 金属电极metal fall 金属提取率metal fog 金属雾metal foil 金属箔metal forming 金属成形metal gauze 金属网metal intensity 金属单位消耗量metal level control 金属液面第metal loss 金属烧损metal mold 金属铸型metal pattern 金属模metal peration 机械粘砂metal physics 金属物理学metal pickup 金属粘接metal powder rolling mill 金属粉末轧机metal products 金属制品metal scrap 废金属metal sheet 金属板metal spraying 金属喷镀metal sticking 金属粘接metal stream shrouding 金属粒护metallic bond 金属键metallic charge 金属装料metallic coating 镀金属metallic pound 金属化合物metallic crystal 金属晶体metallic element 金属元素metallic fume 金属烟气metallic glass 金属玻璃metallic inclusions 金属夹杂物metallic iron 金属铁metallic luster 金属光泽metallic paint 金属涂料metallic phase 金属相metallic ring 金属声metallic silicon 金属硅metallic solution 金属溶液metallic state 金属态metallicity 金属性能metallization 敷金属metallized charge 金属化炉料metallized sinter 金属化烧结矿metallizing 敷金属metallographer 金相学家metallographic etchant 金相腐蚀液metallographic examination 金相研宄metallographic microscope 金相显微镜metallographic microscopy 金相显微学metallographic section 金相试样metallographic specimen 金相试样metallographic study 金相研宄metallographic test 金相检验metallographist 金相学家metallography 金相学metalloid 类金属metalloscope 金属显微镜metalloscopy 金属显微检查metallostatics 金属静力学metallothermics 金属热复原法metallothermy 金属热复原metallurgical chemistry 冶金化学metallurgical coke 冶金焦metallurgical furnace 冶金炉metallurgical industry 冶金工业metallurgical length 冶金长度metallurgical process 冶金过程metallurgical reactor 冶金反响堆metallurgical works 冶金工厂metallurgist 冶金学家metallurgy 冶金metasilicate 偏硅酸盐metastability 亚稳定性metastable condition 亚稳态metastable equilibrium 准稳平衡metastable phase 准稳定相metastable state 亚稳态metatectic transformation 包晶转变metatungstate 偏钨酸盐meteoric iron 陨铁methane 甲烷method of impregnation 浸渍法method of least squares 最小二乘法meyer hardness 迈耶耳硬度mf point mf 点miargyrite 辉锑银矿miarolitic structure 晶洞状构造mica 云母micelle 胶粒microalloyed steel 微合金化钢microalloying 微量合金化microanalysis 微量分析microbiological leaching 微生物浸出microchemical analysis 微量化学分析microcline 钾微斜长石microconstituent 显微组织成份microcrack 微裂纹microcreep 微观蠕变microcrystal 微晶microelement 微量元素microetching 显微腐蚀microfissure 微裂纹micrograph 显微照片micrography 显微检验microhardness 显微硬度microhardness tester 显微硬度计microhardness testing 显微硬度试验microlite 微晶;细晶石microlitic structure 微晶体组织micromanometer 微压计micrometer 千分尺micrometer stop 千分尺定位器microphotographic apparatus 显微照相机microphotography 显微照相术microporosity 微观孔隙率microradiograph 显微射线像microsclerometry 显微硬度测定microscope 显微镜microscopic analysis 显微分析microscopic examination 显微镜检验microscopic segregation 显微偏析microscopic stress 微观应力microscopic structure 显微组织microsection 显微磨片microsegregation 显微偏析microshrinkage 显微缩孔microslice 显微磨片microstrain 微应变microstress 微观应力microstructure 显微组织microstructure analysis 显微组织分析microthrowing power 微观电镀本领middle flask 中间砂箱middle plate mill 中板轧机middle roll 中辊middlings 中间产品midland ross process 米德兰德罗斯法midrex process 米德雷斯直接炼铁法mig welding 金属惰性气体电弧焊mild steel 软钢mild steel plate 软钢板mild steel sheet 低碳钢薄板milk of lime 石灰乳mill 工厂mill approach table 轧机前的辊道mill bay 轧机跨mill edge 轧制的边mill finish 精轧mill hardening 轧制余热淬火mill housing 轧机机架mill layout 轧机布置mill opening 轧辊开度mill pack 叠轧板材mill pinion 齿轮辊mill scale 轧钢皮mill scale powder 轧钢皮粉mill screw 第螺钉mill setting 轧机蝶mill setup 轧机蝶mill speed 轧制速度mill springing 轧机机座的弹跳mill stand change 换机座mill table 轧机辊道mill torque 轧制力矩mill train 轧机机组milled powder 碎粉miller indices 密勒指数millerite 针硫镍矿milling 粉碎milling fluid 研磨液体milling liquid 研磨液体milliscope 金属液温度报警器mimetite 砷铅矿mine 矿山mineral 矿物mineral acid 无机酸mineral position 矿物组成mineral deposit 矿床mineral dressing 选矿mineral processing 选矿mineral salt 矿物盐mineral substance 矿物质mineral water 矿泉水mineral wool 渣棉mineralization 成矿酌mineralizing 成矿酌mineralogical analysis 矿物分析mineralogy 矿物学mite 鲕状褐铁矿mini mill 小型钢铁厂mini steel mill 小型钢铁厂mining 采矿minium 红铅minus sieve powder 筛下粉末minute adjustment 精调mirabilite 芒硝misch metal 混合稀土金属miscibility 溶混性miscibility gap 溶混间隔mismatch 不一致mismatch in mold 错箱misorientation 错取向misrun 浇不满miss rolling 欠轧mistrimmed forging 不正确切边的锻件mixed coke oven and blast furnace gas 焦炉与高炉混合煤气mixed crystal 固溶体;混合晶mixed dislocation 混合型位错mixed gas 混合煤气mixed joint 混合接头mixed potential 混合电位mixed scrap 混合废钢铁mixer 混合机mixer ladle 混铁炉式铁水罐mixer metal 混铁炉生铁mixing 混合mixing ladle 混铁炉式铁水罐mixing power 搅拌力mixing proportion 混合比mixing ratio 混合比mixing valve 混合阀mixture 混合物mixture heat 混合热mobile dislocation 可动位错mobile mixer 移动式混铁炉mobile phase 怜相mobility 迁移率model 模型model test 模型试验modification 变体modifier 变质剂modifying addition 改良剂modulated structure 形变织构module 模数modulus 模数modulus of elasticity 弹性模数modulus of pressing 压缩模量modulus of rigidity 刚性模数modulus of volume elasticity 体积弹性系数moebius process 莫比斯银电解法mohs hardness scale 莫斯硬度标moire fringe method 莫阿干预法moissanite 碳硅石moistening 湿润moistness 湿度moisture 湿分moisture content 含水量moisture meter 湿度计mol 克分子molar concentration 克分子浓度molar conductivity 克分子导电率molar heat capacity 克分子热容量molar ratio 克分子比molar solution 克分子溶液molarity 重量克分子浓度mold 型mold casting 型铸造mold cavity 铸模型腔;结晶苹mold clamp 模夹钳mold cooling jacket 结晶其却水套mold core 模芯mold dilatation 铸模膨胀mold dismantling 打箱mold jacket 模箱mold level 结晶期钢液面mold oscillation frequency 结晶岂动频率mold paint 铸型涂料mold saddle 铸模托台mold slag 铸模内渣mold stool 锭盘mold table 结晶岂动台mold taper 结晶票度mold wash 铸型涂料molded section 冷弯型钢molder 造型工;造型装置molder tool 造型工具molder's rule 收缩尺molding 造型;铸造;铸件molding box 型箱molding flask 型箱molding machine 造型机molding material 造型材料molding sand 型砂mole fraction 克分子分数molecular crystal 分子结晶molecular distillation 分子蒸馏molecular lattice 分子晶格molecular mass 分子质量molecular sieve 分子筛molecular weight 分子量molecule 分子molten bath 熔融浴molten metal 熔融金属molten pool 熔池molten salt 熔融盐molybdate 钼酸盐molybdenite 辉钼矿molybdenum 钼molybdenum base alloy 钼基合金molybdenum chloride 氯化钼molybdenum disulfide 二硫化钼molybdenum glance 辉钼矿molybdenum ore 钼矿molybdenum oxide 氧化钼molybdenum steel 钼钢molybdenum sulfide 硫化钼molybdic acid 钼酸molybdic acid anhydride 钼酸酐molybdite 钼华monazite 独居石monazite sand 独居石砂mond process 蒙德法monel 蒙奈尔铜镍合金monel metal 蒙奈尔铜镍合金monkey 渣口小套monoblock casting 块铸monoblock machine 单次拉丝机monochromator 单色光镜monoclinic lattice 单斜晶格monoclinic system 单斜晶系monocrystal 单晶体monocrystal pulling 拉单晶monocrystal substrate 单晶基板monolithic lining 整体炉衬monolithic lining material 整体炉衬材料monolithic refractory 整体耐火材料monopolar system 单极接线法monosilicate 单硅酸盐monosize powder 单粒度粉末monotectic horizontal 偏晶线monotectic line 偏晶线monotectic point 偏晶点monotectic reaction 偏晶反响monotectic transformation 偏晶转变monotectoid reaction 偏析反响monotonous loading 单岛荷monotype metal 单式铸字合金monovariant system 单变系monte carlo simulation 蒙特卡罗模拟mop 挡渣器挡渣杆morphology 形态学mort phase 死相mortar 火泥mosaic block 嵌镶块mosaic structure 嵌镶构造moseley numbers 莫塞莱数mossite 重铌钽矿mossy zinc 粒状锌mother blank 母板mother liquid 母液mother liquor 母液mottled iron 麻口铁mottling 斑点mottramite 矾铜铅矿mountain cork 石棉mouth 炉喉movable armor 可动炉喉护板moving bed process 动态床法moving dislocation 移动位错ms point ms 点muck bar 熟铁粗轧坯mud gun 泥炮muff joint 套管接头muffle furnace 马弗炉muller 碾碎机mullite refractory 莫来石耐火材料multiaxial deformation 多轴变形multiblock machine 屡次拉丝机multiponent solution 多元溶液multiponent system 多元系multicyclone 多管旋风除尘器multidie machine 屡次拉丝机multiflame torch 多线式火嘴multihearth roaster 多层焙烧炉multihole lance 多孔喷枪multilayer welding 多层焊multilayered pipe 多层管multilayered tube 多层管multipass welding 多道焊接multiple drawing 多线式拉拔multiple pressing 复式冲压multiple pressing technique 复式压制工艺multiple process 多段法multiple slip 复滑移multiple spot welding 多点焊multiple stage nitriding 多段渗氮multiplex heat treatment 复合热处理multiplication of dislocation 位错的增殖multiroll flattener 多辊矫直机multiroll mill 多辊式轧机multiroll stand 多辊式机座multiroll straightener 多辊矫直机multirun welding 多道焊接multistage drawing 程序拉拔multistage grate 多层炉multistage process 多段操专multistand mill 多机座轧机multistrand drawing mill 多线拉拔机multistrand rolling 多线轧制multistrand rope 多股钢丝绳multistrand straightening 多条矫直mundic 黄铁矿muntz brass 蒙次黄铜muntz metal 蒙次黄铜muscovite 白云母mushy state 浆糊状态music wire 钢琴丝muthmannite 杂碲金银矿mutual solubility 互溶度。
巨微英语六级作文
巨微英语六级作文In recent years, the issue of microplastics has become a growing concern around the world. Microplastics refer to small plastic particles that are less than 5 millimeters in size. They are often found in oceans, rivers, and even in our food and drinking water. This has caused great harm to the environment and human health, and urgent actions need to be taken to address this issue.Firstly, microplastics are harmful to marine life. Many marine animals, such as fish, turtles, and seabirds, mistake these tiny plastic particles for food and consume them. This can cause serious health problems, such as blockages in their digestive system, which can lead to starvation and death. Furthermore, microplastics can also enter the food chain, which means that they can eventually end up on our plates.Secondly, microplastics can also have negative impacts on human health. Studies have shown that microplastics canaccumulate in our bodies over time and cause various health problems, such as cancer, reproductive problems, and immune system dysfunction. Moreover, microplastics can also contain harmful chemicals that can leach into our food and drinking water, posing a serious threat to our health.To address this issue, we need to take a multi-pronged approach. Firstly, we need to reduce our use of plastic products and find alternatives that are more environmentally friendly. Governments should also implement policies to regulate the use of plastic products and encourage companies to use sustainable materials. Secondly, we need to improve waste management and recycling systems to prevent plastic waste from ending up in our oceans and rivers. Finally, we need to raise public awareness about the harmful effects of microplastics and encourage individuals to take action to reduce their plastic consumption.In conclusion, microplastics are a serious threat to our environment and human health. It is essential that we take urgent action to address this issue and findsustainable solutions to reduce our plastic consumption and protect our planet. Only by working together can we create a cleaner and healthier future for ourselves and future generations.。
介绍微雕技艺作文英文
介绍微雕技艺作文英文Micro-carving, also known as micro-engraving, is a traditional Chinese art form that involves carvingintricate designs onto tiny objects. This technique has been around for centuries and has been used to create beautiful works of art that are highly sought after by collectors and enthusiasts alike.The process of micro-carving involves using a variety of tools, including sharp knives, needles, and chisels, to carefully carve designs onto small objects such as seeds, pearls, and even grains of rice. The designs are typically very intricate and detailed, and can range from simple geometric shapes to complex scenes and images.One of the key factors that makes micro-carving such a challenging art form is the size of the objects that are being carved. Because the objects are so small, the artist must have incredibly steady hands and a great deal of patience and precision in order to create the desireddesign. Additionally, the tools used in micro-carving are often very delicate and require a great deal of skill touse properly.Despite the challenges involved, micro-carving has become increasingly popular in recent years, with manyartists and enthusiasts around the world working to perfect their skills in this unique art form. Some of the most impressive micro-carvings can sell for thousands of dollars, making this a highly lucrative field for those who are skilled enough to succeed.Overall, micro-carving is a fascinating and highly intricate art form that requires a great deal of skill and patience to master. Whether you are a collector or simplyan admirer of beautiful art, there is no denying the incredible beauty and complexity of these tiny masterpieces.。
土壤微塑料丰度的英文
土壤微塑料丰度的英文Soil Microplastic Abundance.Microplastics are small pieces of plastic that are less than 5 mm in size. They can come from a variety of sources, including the breakdown of larger plastic items, the use of microbeads in personal care products, and the release of plastic fibers from clothing. Microplastics can enter the soil through a variety of pathways, including atmospheric deposition, wastewater irrigation, and the application of biosolids.Once in the soil, microplastics can have a number of negative effects on soil health and ecosystem functioning. They can alter soil structure and water infiltration rates, reduce nutrient availability, and harm soil organisms. Microplastics can also sorb and transport pollutants, which can further contaminate the soil and groundwater.The abundance of microplastics in soil varies widelydepending on a number of factors, including the type of soil, the land use, and the proximity to sources of microplastic pollution. In general, microplastic abundanceis higher in urban and industrial areas than in rural areas. It is also higher in soils that are irrigated with wastewater or biosolids.A number of studies have investigated the abundance of microplastics in soil. One study, published in the journal Science of the Total Environment, found that the average microplastic abundance in agricultural soils was 4,000 particles per kilogram of soil. Another study, published in the journal Environmental Science & Technology, found that the microplastic abundance in urban soils was 10 times higher than in rural soils.The presence of microplastics in soil is a growing concern, and there is an urgent need for more research to understand the potential risks and develop mitigation strategies.Sources of Microplastics in Soil.Microplastics can enter the soil through a variety of pathways, including:Atmospheric deposition: Microplastics can be transported through the air and deposited on soil surfaces. This is a major source of microplastic pollution in remote areas.Wastewater irrigation: Wastewater contains a significant amount of microplastics, which can be released into the soil when wastewater is used for irrigation.Biosolids application: Biosolids are the solid waste produced by wastewater treatment plants. They contain a high concentration of microplastics, which can be released into the soil when biosolids are applied as a fertilizer.Landfill leachate: Landfill leachate is the liquidthat seeps out of landfills. It contains a high concentration of microplastics, which can be released into the soil when leachate escapes from landfills.Plastic mulches: Plastic mulches are used to coversoil and suppress weeds. They can release microplasticsinto the soil as they degrade.Effects of Microplastics on Soil Health.Microplastics can have a number of negative effects on soil health and ecosystem functioning, including:Altered soil structure: Microplastics can change the structure of soil, making it less porous and less able to hold water. This can lead to reduced plant growth and increased erosion.Reduced water infiltration rates: Microplastics can block soil pores, reducing the rate at which water can infiltrate the soil. This can lead to waterlogging and reduced plant growth.Reduced nutrient availability: Microplastics can sorb nutrients from the soil, making them unavailable to plants.This can lead to nutrient deficiencies and reduced plant growth.Harm to soil organisms: Microplastics can harm soil organisms, such as earthworms and nematodes. This candisrupt the soil food web and reduce the soil's ability to function properly.Microplastics and Pollutant Transport.Microplastics can sorb and transport pollutants, which can further contaminate the soil and groundwater. This is a particular concern for persistent organic pollutants (POPs), which are chemicals that do not break down easily in the environment. POPs can accumulate in microplastics and be transported to new areas, where they can pose a risk to human health and the environment.Conclusion.The presence of microplastics in soil is a growing concern, and there is an urgent need for more research tounderstand the potential risks and develop mitigation strategies. Microplastics can have a number of negative effects on soil health and ecosystem functioning, including altering soil structure, reducing water infiltration rates.。
ctgs晶体生长流程
ctgs晶体生长流程英文回答：CTGS (Czochralski Technique for Growth of Single Crystals) is a widely used method for growing single crystals. It involves the process of slowly pulling a seed crystal from a melt, allowing it to grow into a larger crystal with a uniform structure.The first step in the CTGS process is to prepare the melt. This involves melting the desired material in a crucible, typically made of a high-temperature resistant material such as quartz or platinum. The melt is then carefully controlled to reach the desired temperature and composition.Once the melt is prepared, a seed crystal is carefully dipped into the melt. The seed crystal acts as a starting point for the growth of the larger crystal. The seed crystal is attached to a rod or wire, which is slowlypulled upwards from the melt. As the seed crystal is pulled, the material from the melt solidifies onto the seed crystal, forming a larger crystal.During the growth process, it is important to control various parameters such as the pulling rate, temperature, and the composition of the melt. These parameters cangreatly influence the quality and properties of the grown crystal. For example, a slower pulling rate can result in a larger crystal with fewer defects, while a higher pulling rate can result in a smaller crystal with more defects.In addition to controlling the growth parameters, it is also important to monitor the crystal growth using various techniques such as X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, and thermal analysis. These techniques can provide valuable information about the crystal structure, composition, and defects.Once the desired crystal size is achieved, the crystalis carefully removed from the melt and cooled down to room temperature. The crystal is then further processed andprepared for various applications such as electronic devices, optical components, and scientific research.CTGS is a complex process that requires careful control and monitoring. It requires a good understanding of the material properties, growth parameters, and crystal growth techniques. However, with proper knowledge and experience, CTGS can be a powerful method for growing high-quality single crystals.中文回答：CTGS（Czochralski Technique for Growth of Single Crystals）是一种广泛应用于单晶生长的方法。
坩埚下降法生长钨酸镉闪烁单晶的晶体缺陷_陈红兵
第39卷第4期人工晶体学报Vol．39No．42010年8月JOURNAL OF SYNTHETIC CRYSTALS August ，2010坩埚下降法生长钨酸镉闪烁单晶的晶体缺陷陈红兵，沈琦，方奇术，肖华平，王苏静，梁哲，蒋成勇（宁波大学材料科学与工程研究所，宁波市新型功能材料及其制备科学国家重点实验室培育基地，宁波315211）摘要：采用坩埚下降法生长出大尺寸CdWO 4单晶，通过光学显微镜、电子探针观察分析了所获CdWO 4单晶的典型晶体缺陷，包括晶体开裂、丝状包裹物和晶体黑化。
结果表明，CdWO 4单晶存在显著的解理特性，常出现因热应力导致的沿（010）解理面的晶体开裂；当采用富镉多晶料进行单晶生长时，所获单晶棒的下部常出现沿轴向分布的丝状包裹物，电子探针分析证实这种丝状包裹物是熔体内过量CdO 沉积所致；在氮气氛中进行高温退火处理，CdWO 4单晶还会出现黑化现象。
关键词：钨酸镉；晶体生长；坩埚下降法；晶体缺陷中图分类号：O77文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-985X （2010）04-0829-05Crystal Defects of CdWO 4Scintillation CrystalsGrown by Bridgman MethodCHEN Hong-bing ，SHEN Qi ，FANG Qi-shu ，XIAO Hua-ping ，WANG Su-jing ，LIANG Zhe ，JIANG Cheng-yong（State Key Laboratory Base of Ningbo Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science ，Institute of Materials Science ＆Engineering ，Ningbo University ，Ningbo 315211，China ）（Received 21January 2010，accepted 2April 2010）Abstract ：Large size CdWO 4single crystals had been grown by Bridgman method．The typical crystaldefects in the grown crystals ，such as crystal cracking ，silk-like inclusions and crystal darkening ，were investigated by optical microscope and electron probe microscopic analysis．CdWO 4single crystals show an evident cleavability nature．The crystal cracking often occurs along the cleavage plane （010）due to the thermal stress inside the crystals．There are silk-like inclusions distribute along the axis in the lower part of the crystals as they grow from the feed material containing excess CdO．The silk-like inclusions have been verified to be the CdO deposits from the melts by EPMA analysis．The single crystal would be darkened in color as it is annealed in nitrogen atmosphere at high temperature．Key words ：CdWO 4；crystal growth ；Bridgman method ；crystal defects收稿日期：2010-01-21；修订日期：2010-04-02基金项目：浙江省自然科学基金（Y4090057）；宁波市自然科学基金（No．2009610016）；宁波大学科研基金（xkl09074）；宁波市新型光电功能材料及器件创新团队（2009B21007）；宁波大学王宽诚幸福基金作者简介：陈红兵（1964-），男，陕西省人，博士，研究员。
The Growth of Micro-and Nanocrystals
The Growth of Micro-and NanocrystalsYitai;Qian【期刊名称】《功能材料信息》【年(卷),期】2016(13)2【摘要】Based on the given reaction condition and medium,the growth of micro-and nanocrystals can be divided into four types,growth in solution at normal pressure,hydrothermal growth,solvothermal growth,and molten-salt growth.When the water or organic solvent as the reaction medium,surfactant,such as sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate,can be added to regulate【总页数】1页(P39-39)【作者】Yitai;Qian【作者单位】University of Science and Technology of China【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TB383【相关文献】1.Growth of PbS Nanocrystals Thin Films by Chemical Bath [J], Rene Gutierrez Perez; Guadalupe Hemandez T611ezI; Ulises Pefia Rosas; A. Moran Torres; Juan Hernandez2.Growth of PbS： Ni2＋ Nanocrystals Thin Films by Chemical Bath [J], Melissa Chavez Portillo; Javier Martinez Juarez; Gustavo Abarca Avila;Marcial Zamora Tototzintle; MacarioMartinez Barragan; Jorge. R. Cema; Martin Lazcano Hernandez; Salvador Rosas Castilla; Brenda CrespoSnchez Andrea Celeste Palacios Lopez; and Oscar Portillo Morenoanic Templates for Inorganic Nanocrystal Growth [J], Bo Li;Ning You;Yachao Liang;Qi Zhang;Wenjie Zhang;Meng Chen;Xinchang Pang4.Controllable Growth of Ni Nanocrystals Embedded inBaTiO<sub>3</sub>/SrTiO<sub>3</sub>Superlattice s [J], Zhengwei Xiong;Weidong Wu5.Controlled Growth of CdS Nanocrystals: Core/Shell viz Matrix [J], Prinsa. verma;Avinash C Pandey因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。
晶体相场模拟微观组织生长的讲义
1 Overview
The phase-field (PF) and phase-field-crystal (PFC) methods are relatively new approaches to modelling materials based on the variational principles of minimizing the free energy of a given system. More specifically, PFC is concerned with minimizing the free-energy functional by considering density fields that have periodic spatial variation1. Thus for crystalline solids this inherently captures the periodic description. Furthermore such model naturally incorporates elastic/plastic deformations and captures varying grain boundary orientations.
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Growing Microstructures using Phase-Field Crystal
Stefan Bringuier∗1
1University of Arizona, Department of Materials Science and Engineering
Figure 1: PFC simulation showing ADP field and the various micro structure properties captured.6