2011--GCT英语语法

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GCT英语语法——情态动词(一)

GCT英语语法——情态动词（一）情态动词 (Model Verbs) 又称为情态助动词 (Model Auxiliaries)。

英语中助动词主要有两类：一是基本助动词，如have, do, be；二是情态助动词，如may, must, need等。

情态动词与其他动词连用表示说话人的语气。

情态动词可表达建议、要求、可能和意愿等。

情态动词没有人称和数的变化。

在英语的各种考试考试中，现在一个明显的趋势是呈现出复杂的结构。

根据我们对历年来试卷的分析，情态动词部分重点测试以下内容：（1）情态动词+行为动词完成式（2）情态动词+行为动词进行式（3）情态动词+行为动词完成进行式（4）某些情态动词的特殊用法一、一般情态动词1、情态动词的完成式：⑴ 情态动词的完成式即“情态动词+ have + v-ed分词”，表示对过去行为或动作进行推测、评论或判断。

如：Since the ditch is full of water, it must have rained last night.沟渠里的水都满了，想必昨晚一定下雨了。

You couldn’t have met my grandmother. She died before you were born.你不可能遇到我奶奶，因为她早在你出生前就死了。

I can’t find my keys. I may / might have left them at the school yesterday.我找不到钥匙了，也许昨天丢到学校了吧。

⑵ 当情态动词完成式是由ought to / should加完成式或否定式ought not to / shouldn’t加完成式时，是表示对已发生的情况表示“责备”、“不满”，分别表示“本应该…”和“本不应该…”。

例如：You ought not to make fun of him. He is not the one you laugh at but learn from.你本不应该取笑他的。

2011年GCT英语语法结构复习要点

2011年GCT考试复习工作已经拉开序幕，大家普遍了解GCT考试的特点：试题量大，答题时间紧张，尤其是英语和数学科目都是考生普遍有难度的考试科目，针对此情况，新阳光教育整理最新GCT英语常考知识点，希望对报考2011年GCT考试有一定的帮助。

语法结构倒装与强调1．Many a time ____ not to play with fire but he turns a deaf ear to the warnings.A the child being toldB the child has been toldC has been told the childD has the child been told2．Only by luck ___ the car accident.A he narrowly escapedB narrowly he escapedC did he narrowly escapeD he did narrowly escape3．Nowhere ___ to be found again.A such a husband isB a such husband isC is a such husbandD is such a husband 4．Under no circumstances ___ to the public.A the scandal is knownB the scandal should be knownC should the scandal be knownD should be the scandal known5．____ that nobody believes in it but a foolish man like him.A So absurd the theory isB The theory being so absurdC So absurd is the theoryD such absurd is the theory6．It is because he had a lot of work to do ____ he went to the factory at once.A soB thatC thenD therefore7．It’s after the Reform and the Opening Policy _____ our economy began to develop rapidly.A whenB whileC thenD that8．It is the assistant manager ____ takes the place of the general manager when the latter is away on business trips.A whomB thatC whichD /附：倒装与强调答案：1D 2C 3D 4C 5C 6B 7D 8B语法结构从句与连词1.____ is still a controversial issue.A If he is the right person for the jobB That he is the right person for the jobC Whether he is the right person for the jobD He is the right person for the job2.You have yet to answer my question, ______.A if I can count on your voteB whether I can count on your voteC that I can count on your voteD which I can count on your voteThis is the only university I know ____ doesn’t have international students office.A whichB thatC /D in which3.He has won the first place, ____ is clear from the expressions on his face.A thatB asC whatD when4.Not a new man entered politics _____ was soon converted into an official of the old type.A whoB whomC thatD but5.Hardly a person came to the exhibition______ was surprised by the originality and boldness of his conceptions.A whoB whichC thatD but6.She was opening the door _____ she noticed a key on the floor.A thenB whileC whenD that7.His response was ____ that he didn’t say yes and he didn’t say no.A soB thatC whatD such8.There is no need concealing the truth any more_____ it has already been in the open.A so thatB now thatC whichD that9.----____, he had no intention of waiting for three hours.A As he was patientB Patient that he wasC Patient as he wasD patient he was10.I would ____ go to the movie than go to the concert.A not moreB no moreC rather moreD /11.According to psychology, a person’s attention is attracted _____ by the intensity o f different signals by their context, significance, and information content.A not less than….asB as…just asC so much…asD not so much …. as12.Such air-conditioners are in good quality _____ are being sold in the supermarket just round the corner.A whichB thatC asD what13.It’s funny that ___ he is, ____ he eats.A the mire angry and depressed… the moreB the angrier and depressed… moreC angrier and more depressed…. moreD the angrier and more depressed…. the more15.These are our new employees,____ have passed the competence test.A all of whomB all of themC all of whoD all of which16.Economic growth will promote the development of science and technology; ____ , the development of science and technology will also promote economy.A howeverB moreoverC on the other handD nevertheless17.This candidate has far mire chances of winning the election than ____ recommended by the organizer.A thatB the oneC whomD one18.They live in a big room, ____ to the south.A the windows of which openB the windows of it openC its windows openD the windows of which opening19._____ difficult it is to surmount the obstacles, we’re bound to achieve our goal.A AsB HowC SoD However20.The dispute will soon be settled, _____.A which I understand itB so I understand itC that I understand itD as I understand it 附：从句与连词答案：1C 2B 3B 4B 5D 6D 7C 8D 9B 10C 11B 12D 13C 14D 15A 16C17A 18A 19D 20D语法结构情态动词1. “The light is on. He ___ be home.”“ No, he ___ not be. He told me definitely that he would go to the airport to meet a friend.”A. can… should B might… might C must… can D would… can2. “ What do you think he is doing now?”“Well, I don’t know exactly. He ____ be watching TV.”A mustB shouldC mightD would3. “What do you think Mary is doing now?”“she____ dinner since the guests will soon arrive.”A must prepareB should prepareC shall be preparingD must be preparing4.Mary got a parking ticket. She ____ in a reserved spot since she had no permit.A can’t parkB couldn’t have parkedC shouldn’t have parkedD shouldn’t park5.You ___ all these parcels yourself .The shop would have delivered them if you had asked a shop assistant.A didn’t need to carryB shouldn’t carryC needn’t have carriedD couldn’t have carried6.Henry’s car stopped on the highway. It ___ out of gas.A may runB may have runC must runD ought to rune what ___, we’re not going to make any concessions to his unreasonab le demands.A mustB shouldC canD may8.Since we don’t have anything special to do tonight, we ____ as well go to see a movie.A shallB mightC shouldD would9.May___ now. I saw her in the Disco club a few minutes ago.A can’t workB shouldn’t workC can’t be workingD shouldn’t be working10. Jean must be annoyed with me. She didn’t even nod to me when I met her on the street. She ____ you.A mustn’t have seenB couldn’t have seenC may not have seenD can’t have seen11. You ____ the work. Now you won’t meet the schedule.A should finishB should have finishC must finishD must have finished12. He ____ writing the paper now. He hadn’t written a single word when I left him ten minutes ago.A shouldn’t beB can’t have finishedC can’t beD mustn’thave finished13. The farmer realized that he’d better, if he didn’t want to have a total loss, ____ his crop earlier than usual.A harvestingB to harvestC harvestedD harvest14. My pain ___ apparent the moment I walked into the room. For the first man O met asked me sympathetically, “Are you all right?”A must beB had beenC must have beenD should be15. They were chatting when I walked into the office.They ____ then. It’s office hour.A can’t chatB shouldn’t chatC mustn’t be chattingD shouldn’t have been chatting附：情态动词答案：1C 2C 3D 4C 5C 6B 7D 8B 9C 10C 11B 12B 13D 14C 15D语法结构时态与语态1I hope that everything I have told you ___ by the next lesson.A will not have been forgottenB will not be forgottenC not have been forgottenD is not to be forgotten2He used to help his neighbors without___.A askingB being askedC to be askedD having been asked3The idea that learning is a lifelong process___ by philosophers and educationalists throughout the centuries.A have been expressedB was expressedC has been expressedD has expressed4I won’t sign the contract unless you ___ to promote me.A are going to agreeB will agreeC agreeD are to agree5Would you please inform me as soon as he___ the final decision?A will makeB makeC makesD has made6He___ a few friends ever since he ___ to this new compound.A made…movedB made… has movedC has made… has movedD has made…moved7Don’t you know it’s the first time he ____ this kind of meeting?A attendsB attendedC has attendedD is attending8He is the most difficult person I ___ in my life.A I have been dealingB I have dealt withC I dealt withD I deal with9In the past 50 years, there ___ a great increase in the amount of research ___ on the brain.A was…didB has been… to be doneC was… doingD has been…done10.This is, by far, the only encouraging news we ____.A hearB heardC are hearingD have heard11.The house ___ vacant for a year when the new tenant___, brining with him several pets.A was… has arrivedB has been… arrivedC has been…has arrivedD had been….arrived12.By the time the semester___ to an end, we____ a lot about computer science.A will come…will learnB will come … have learnedC comes… will learnD comes…will have learned13.No sooner___ his mouth than she ___ to yell at him.A did he open…has startedB had he opened… startedC had he opened… had startedD he opened… had started14.He slipped out of the house before I___ what ___.A realized… has happenedB had realized… happenedC realized… happenedD had realized… has happened15.If traffic problems___ soon, driving in cities___ impossible.A won’t be solved…becomesB aren’t solved… will becomeC won’t be solved… will becomeD aren’t solved….. becomes16.Isn’t it lovely to think that I ____ myself on ht e sunny beach tomorrow at this tome.A will enjoyB am enjoyingC will be enjoyingD shall enjoy17.Ever since he ___ his hometown, he___ from one place to another.A has left… has wanderedB left… has wanderedC left … has been wanderingD has left…. has been wandering18.Up until the time the war___, nobody___ that Hitler____Poland.A broke out… had known… would invadeB has broken out… knew… invadedC broke out…. knew… had invadedD has broken out… had known… had invade附：时态与语态答案1A2B 3C4 C 5C 6D 7C 8B 9D 10D11 D12 D 13B 14A 15B 16C 17C 18A语法结构一致句型一致句型1The number of residents who_____ on this matter is quite small.A has been questionedB have been questionedC is questionedD is questioning2Neither Russia nor the United States____ to convince the other that its social system isthe better of the two.A have been ableB are ableC has been ableD were able3 .There ____ a TV set, 3 a portrait and several albums on the shelf.A areB isC beingD have4.The minister, accompanied by some of his assistants, ___.A have already comeB had already comeC has already comeD came5.It is he, rather than you, who___ responsible for what has happened.A isB areC has beenD have been6.Poor health, in addition to other unfavorable circumstances, ____ his failure.A contributesB contributeC contributingD have contributed7.Many a college student___ to return to the easy days of high school.A wishB wishesC have wishedD has wished8.Few of my friends___ that movie.A seeB seesC have seenD has seen9.More than one hundred workers___ to be involved in the strike.A are saidB is saidC sayD have said10.The editor and publisher of the magazine ___ in a car accident.A was rumored to dieB were rumored to have diedC has been rumored to dieD have been rumored to die11.Neither the place nor the people there___ since after the war.A has changedB changedC have changedD have been changing12.We have already dialed 119, but the police___ yet.A didn’t arriveB hasn’t arrivedC haven’t arrivedD won’t arriv e13.That is the only one of those books that ___ me.A interestB interestsC is interestedD are interested14.Has Peter or Ann realized ___ folly?A theirB hisC herD one’s15.___ one thousand dollars a huge sum of money?A AreB IsC has…. beenD have…..been附：一致练习答案：1B 2C 3B 4C 5A 6A 7B 8A 9A 10A11 C12 C 13A 14C 15B语法结构there引导句型.1.____ nobody in the office at this time of the day is something unusual.A There beingB For there beingC There isD For there to be2.She hates____ so much noise outside while she is working.A there beingB there to beC there isD being there3.There is no point ___ to persuade him—he simply won’t listen.A to tryB tryingC your tryingD try4.He always dreams of ___ a chance for him to bring into full play his potential.A there beingB there to beC there isD being附：there be 句型答案：1A 2B 3B 4A语法结构介副词1.Scientists have experimented for years in expectation _____ discovering a cancer cure.A inB ofC forD with2.They sought shelter ____ the rain under a large overhanging rock.A offB ofC forD from3.He worked very hard as he is determined to be a credit _____ his parents.A forB toC ofD with4.Some people show an indifference _____ other people’s sufferings.A toB forC withD by5.University graduates have an advantage ____ others in getting a job.A aboveB overC toD from6.She is always very particular_____ the dresses she wears on different occasions.A withB toC aboutD of7.His bad reputation is attributable_____ the many affairs he has with women.A toB forC ofD in8.Vegetables and fruits sold in this supermarket are free____ chemicals.A ofB fromC aboutD in9.The father was deprived ____ the eight to visit his son because of his bad records.A fromB ofC aboutD off10.People are inclined to be more emotionally attached _____ their children when they become old.A withB toC onD for11.You should keep an eye ____ the slightest changes in the patient while the doctor is away.A forB onC toD about12.All evidences point _____ an incontrovertible conclusion that he is the very person who committed the crime.A forB againstC toD in13. The man who was suspected _____ murder was later charged ____ such a criminal behavior. A with…. of B of… with C about…. with D with… for14. He failed to bring home___ his son the importance of beinghonest.A onB forC toD about附：介副词答案：1B 2D 3B 4A 5B 6C 7A 8B 9B 10B 11B 12C 13B 14C语法结构非谓语动词1. I’ve tried ___ . But I couldn’t.Why don’t you try ___ some sleeping pills?2.sleeping… to take B to sleep…. To take C sleeping …. Taking D to sleep…taking3.The new album ___ next month is expected to bring him greater fame.A being releasedB will be releasedC to be releasedD re leased4.It’s cowardly ___ you to ____ nothing while the old man was bullied.A for… sayB of …sayC for… have saidD of you … have said5.Rather than ___ word by word, he practiced ___ for the gist, which improved his reading speed.A read… to readB to read… to readC reading … to readD read… reading6.I’d like to ____ help you. It’s only that I didn’t ha ve the time.A being able toB to be able toC be able toD to have been able to7.If you have trouble ___ the teacher, you’d better sit at the front row.A to listen toB to hearC listeningD hearing8.I would rather ___ out to look for a job instead of moping around here everyday.A to goB goingC wentD go9.He chanced ___ the hostage without carrying any weapons but he failed.A to rescueB rescuingC to have rescuedD having rescued10.I recall ___ him somewh ere. I’ll remember ___ you if I run into him again.A to have seen… tellingB seeing… to tellC to have seen.. .to tellD seeing… telling11. There is no need___ more time trying to win him over.A wastingB to wasteC you wasteD your wasting12. I must have eaten something wrong. I feel like_____.I told you not to eat at a restaurant. You’d better ___ at home.A to throw up… to eatB throwing up… eatingC to throw up.. eatD throwing up.. eat13. The heater doesn’t work. There is nothing ___ . We have to light a fire to keep us warm.A doneB to doC to be doneD being done14. He didn’t expect___ into so much trouble though he did anticipate ____ certain difficulty.A to have run… to haveB to run … to haveC running … havingD running …. to have15. Since there isn’t anything ___ now, we might as well go out for a walk.A to be doneB to doC to be doingD being done16. That ____ the case, we couldn’t following our usual schedule.A to beB beingC isD was17. Everything assigned to us ___ , we felt a great load taken off our mind.A has been finishedB had been finishedC having been finishedD was finished18. All things ____, the plan isn’t so feasible.A taking into accountB are taken into accountC taken into accountD be taken into account19. _____ from space, our earth, with water ___ 70% of its surface, appears as a “ blue planet”.A seeing… coveringB seen… coveredC seeing … coveredD seen…. Covering附：非谓语动词答案：1D 2C 3D 4D 5 D 6D 7D 8B 9B 10A 11D 12C 13A 14B 15B 16C 17C 18D语法结构虚拟语气1.If you___ my advice, you ___ your failure now. You ___ your victory.A took.. wouldn’t cry over… would celebrateB had taken…. Wouldn’t have cried over… would have celebratedC had taken… aren’t crying over…. are celebratingD had taken… wouldn’t have cried over….would be celebrating2.It is fitting that he ____ more people about the feasibility of the plan.A should consultB shall consultC will consultD consults3.If the plane ____(take off ) as scheduled yesterday, I ___ (enjoy) the beautiful scenery in Paris now.A took off… am enjoyingB had taken off … would be enjoyingC would have taken off… would been enjoyingD .has taken off… would enjoy4.I ___ (not pass) the exam but for his help.A didn’t passB wouldn’t passC wouldn’t have passedD hadn’tpassed5.I prefer that we ___ (hold) the meeting tomorrow morning , instead of tomorrow afternoon.A will holdB shall holdC should holdD are going to hold6.You ___ ( be fired ) bu t for the fact that it’s the first time that you ___ (make) such a serious mistake.A would be fired.. madeB would have been… madeC would have been… have madeD would be fired… have made7.I wish I ___ (prepare) before I came here. If so, I ___ (not fell ) so awkward now.A prepared.. wouldn’t feelB had prepared… wouldn’t be feelingC have prepared…. Will not feelD had pre pared … can’t be feeling8.I’d rather that you ____ ( tell ) her the truth. Look at how upset she is now.A tellB toldC had toldD would tell9.Let us pray that he ___ ( recover) soon.A would recoverB should recoverC recoversD will recover10.Should you do the same thing again, you ___ immediately.A will be firedB shall be firedC would be firedD should be fired11.There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened____ a sudden loud noise.A being thereB should there beC there wasD if there be12.A safety analysis ____ the target as a potential danger. Unfortunately it was never done.A would identifyB will identifyC would have identifiedD will have identified13.Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he___ our chairman now.A must have beenB would have been Cwere D would be14.My uncle always talks s though he ____ a public meeting.A addressesB addressedC is addressingD were addressing15.It is time that we ___ more houses to improve people’s housing conditions.A are to buildB should buildC builtD will build16.Please write down your address here lest I ____ it.A will forgetB shall forgetC should forgetD forgot17.The manager would rather his daughter ____ in the same office.Ahad not worked B not to work C doesn’t work D didn’t work18.The proposal put forward at the meeting is that the housing conditions of the teachers _____ as quickly as possible.A will be improvedB are improvedC be improvedD should improve附：虚拟语气答案：1D 2A 4B 4C 5C 6D 7B 8C 9B 10C 11B 12C 13D 14D 15C 16C 17A 18C。

GCT联考英语语法3

时(如had done)或情态动词的过去时 + 动词的现在完成时(如could have done)”
形式；表示情况的虚拟时，用“情态动词的过去时形式 + 动词原形(如might do)。”
I wish I had been to the concert last night.
I wish he would forgive me.
3. 与将来的事实相反：
从句用should (were to，did) + 动词原形，主句的谓语用would (could, might) ＋
动词原形
If it should/were to snow tomorrow, I would go skiing.
4. 虚拟语气条件句中if的省略，此时主谓要倒装。
If I were you, I wouldn’t have missed the film last night.
考点二： wish 句型表达“但愿…，要是…多好”的语气
wish后宾语从句用虚拟语气，其谓语部分有时态变化：表示对现在情况珠虚拟
时，动词用一般过去时(如did)；对过去的情况进行虚拟时，动词用“过去完成
Had he worked harder, he would have got through the exam.
5. 条件句发生的动作和主句发生的动作不一致，(例如：条件句动作发生在过去，
主句的动作发生在现在)谓语动词要根据表示的时间进行调整。
If you had taken the medicine yesterday, you would feel much better now.
注意一：以上动词转化为名词(如：suggestion, proposal, demand, order, command,

GCT英语----语法练习答案

名词要点名词分为专有名词和普通名词, 普通名词又可分为可数名词和不可数名词. 这里考生们需要注意三个方面: 可数名词与不可数名词的区别, 名词单数与复数的规则和不规则变化形式, 名词所有格的变化形式.可数名词与不可数名词可数名词的复数形式可数名词的复数形式规则变化是在名词后面加-s, 但以sh, ch, s , x, z 结尾的名词后面加-es, 辅音字母加y 结尾的名词变y 为i 再加-es, 以f 或fe 结尾的名词将f, fe 变为ves , 但 roof, cliff, proof, chief等只加-s. 以o 结尾的词多数都加-es , 但bamboo, radio, zoo, photo, piano等只加–s. 个别名词单复数是一样的, 如: Chinese, sheep, deer等。

1.2 自测题1.He gained his ____ by printing ___ of famous writers.A) wealth, work B) wealths, worksC) wealths, work D) wealth, works2.Mr. Smith ____ me to buy several ____ eggs for the dinner party.A) asked, dozen B) suggested , dozens ofC) had , dozen D) persuaded, dozens3.The woman over there is ___.A) Sue and Jack mother B) Sue and Jack’s motherC) Sue’s and Jack’s mother D) Sue’s and Jack mother4.The number of people invited ____ fifty, but a number of them ____absent for different reasons.A) were, was B) was, was C) was, were D) were, were5.____ drinking and singing all night kept the neighbors from going tosleep.A) Jack’s and his friends’ B) Jack and his friends’C) Jack and his friends D) Jack’ and his friends’6.The audience ____ shaking heads to show ____ disagreement.A) is, his B) was, their C) are, their D) were, his7.____ have come up with the solutions to the problem.A) The girl student B) The girl studentsC) The girls student D) The girls students8.A series of accidents ____ reported lately.A.) are B) have been C) has D) has been9.What ____ used as chief building materials today ____ steel and concrete.A) have been, are B) is , are C) are , are D) are, is10.Shortly after the accident, two ____ police were sent to the spot tokeep order.A) dozen of B) dozens C) dozen D) dozens of Key: 1. D 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. B6. C7. B8. D9. C 10. C时态一般现在时过去进行时过去进行时表示过去某时正在发生的动作, 也可以表示过去某段时间内正在发生的或反复发生的动作.Yesterday afternoon my father was telling me about his experiences as young man.Bill was coughing all night long.一般将来时一般将来时表示某个将来时间会发生的动作或情况, 也可表示将来反复发生的动作或习惯性动作.He will take part in the basketball game next week.The students will have five English classes per week this term .将来完成时将来完成时表示将来某时前已完成的动作, 也可用来表示推测.They will have stayed here for six months next week.By the end of this month, they will have read twenty short stories.现在完成进行时现在完成进行时表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作. 此动作或情况可能已停止, 也可能继续下去. 它也可表示刚结束的工作.I’ve been wor king for this company for 10 years.I’ve been waiting for an hour but she still hasn’t come.自测题1.In this experiment, they were wakened several times during the night andasked to report what they ____.A)had just dreamed B) are just dreamingC) have just been dreaming D) had just been dreaming2. It’s reported that by the end of this month the output of the steel factory____ by about 20%.A) will have risen B) has risenC) will be rising D) has been rising3. Yesterday afternoon Frank Hawkins ____ his experience as a young man.A) tell of B) was telling of C) told abou t D) is telling about4. They accomplished the task earlier than they ____.A) have expected B) expectedC) were expecting D) had expected5. He ____ in a small workshop, but now he is president of a big company.A) was used to work B) used to workC) was used to working D) used to working6. It ___ almost every day so far this month.A) rained B) is raining C)rains D)has been raining7. Until yesterday, his family ____ from him for six months.A) hadn’t heard B) hasn’t been hearingC) didn't hear D) hasn’t heard8. While people may refer to television for up-to-the-minute news, it isunlikely that television ____ the newspaper completely.A) replace B)have replaced C) will replace D) replaced9. Actions ____ louder than words.A) spoke B) speak C) is speaking D) have spoken10. Don’t mention this when you ____with him.A) talk B) talked C) have talked D) are talkingKey : 1. D 2. A 3.B 4. D 5.B6. D7. A8.C9. B 10 D非谓语动词1.Suddenly they felt the atmosphere ____ tense.A)grow B) grew C) growing C) grown2 With the development in science and technology man can make various flowers ____ before their time.A) be bloomed B) blooming C) bloom D) bloomed3. The bank is reported in the local newspaper ____ in broad daylightyesterday.A) robbed B) to have been robbedC) being robbed D)having been robbed4. Though small, the room is comfortable ____.A) living in B) live in C) to live in D) to live5. If the building project ____ by the end of this month is delayed, the construction company will be fined.A) to be completed B) is completedC) being completed D) completed6. ____ a teacher in a university, it is necessary to have at least a master’s degree.A) To become B) Become C) One becomes D) On becoming7. People appreciate ____ with him because he has a good sense of humor.A) to work B) to have worked C) working D) having worked8. Ann was reading a piece of science fiction, completely ____ to the outside world.A)losing B)lost C)to be lost D)having been lost9. When I caught him ____me I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop.A) cheating B) cheat C) to cheat D) to be cheating10. Don’t get your schedule ____; stay with us in this class.A) to change B) changing C) change D) changed11. All flights ____ because of the terrible weather, they had to go there bytrain.A) having been canceled B) had been canceledC) having canceled D) were canceled12. ____ the temperature falling so rapidly, we couldn't go on with the experiment.A) With B) For C) As D) SinceKey: 1.A 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. A 6 . A7, C 8. B 9. A 10 D 11 A 12 A。

2011年GCT英语语态知识点复习指导

2011年GCT考试复习工作已经拉开序幕，大家普遍了解GCT考试的特点：试题量大，答题时间紧张，尤其是英语和数学科目都是考生普遍有难度的考试科目，针对此情况，新阳光教育整理最新GCT 英语常考知识点，希望对报考2011年GCT考试有一定的帮助。

定义语态（voice) 是一种动词形式，表示主语与谓语动词所表示的动作之间的关系。

分类：主动语态：active voice被动语态：passive voice构成：be+done使用场景1. 无需指出动作的执行者或动作执行者不明确时。

Printing was introduced into Europe from China.2. 为强调动作的承受者。

Four people were killed and thirty-one were injured in the bomb attack.3. 习惯说法He was born in 1982.4. 为了句式结构整齐修辞的需要。

Yesterday he visited our university and was welcomed by the president.5. 文体的需要。

形式1一般现在时The content of each word is collected, along with the word itself.2 现在进行时A bridge is being built there.3 一般过去时He was hit by a car and his arm was broken.4 过去进行时He was being treated in the emergency room when I arrived at the hospital.5 一般将来时A new school will be set up in our neighborhood.6 现在完成时The work has been done.7 过去完成时50 graduates had been sent to that area by the end of last year.重要考点1动词短语中，一般不能拆分The doctor has been sent for.The patients are well looked after in the hospital.2有情态动词时The project can be completed and will be completed this year.3不及物动词，系表动词及不及物动词词组无被动结构不能用于被动语态的动词和词组come true, consist of, take place, happen, become, rise, occur, belong, break out, appear, arrive, die, fall, last, exist, fail, succeedAfter the fire, very little remained of my house.This knife cuts easily. 这刀子很好用。

GCT英语语法结构考试重点分析

GCT英语语法结构考试重点分析
根据我们对历年试题的分析研究，考试中的语法方面包括词法和句法两部分。

词法有动词时态、语态、语气、情态动词、非限定动词、名词、形容词、副词以及介词、代词以及连词等；句法方面重点有：主谓的一致、倒装句、名词性从句、形容词性从句和副词性从句。

由于语法和词汇是两个不可分割的部分，语法条文主要通过词汇才起作用，又因近年来多项选择题的难度加深，主要体现在语法与较难词汇交织在一起这个方面，所以考生必须在熟练语法的基础上积累词汇。

我们所指的“常考语法点”，是指在各类考试中出现频率高的语法点。

这些“考点”主要是基础的语法知识及排除文化干扰而获得英语的语用能力方面的知识。

英汉两种语言千差万别，有相同、类似的地方，但更有不相同，完全排斥、互反的地方。

从某种意义上说，学习语言，就是学习克服语言差异，从而获得目的语的语用能力。

因此，那些容易使英语学习者难以克服的“差异”也成了常考或必考的项目。

谁善于排斥、区别这些差异，谁就获得了英语考试的得分技巧，谁就会拥有一定的语言应用能力。

虽然语法考试覆盖面广，结构复杂，但并非不可预测。

根据我们对历年来试卷的分析，“常考语法点”主要是如下几个方面：
1．时态
2．语态
3．情态动词4．名词
5、非谓语动词
6、主谓语的一致
7、虚拟语气
8、倒装句
9、名词性从句
10、定语从句
11、状语从句。

GCT英语

GCT英语语法5道题 10%词汇5道题 10%阅读理解20题四篇文章 40%完形填空10题 20%会话技能10题 20%第一部分语法10%1. 时态题For后跟时间段和since后跟时间点就是现在完成时态的标志； By后跟一个将来时间点就是将来完成时态的标志。

一般现在时，一般过去时，现在进行时，将来完成时will have done2. 语态题及物动词和不及物动词的区别P43.虚拟语气题三种虚拟语气的形式：原形动词形式、提前一个时态形式和过去时形式。

与三种虚拟形式的特殊搭配规则条件句与主句的时态对应规则混合式虚拟语气形式条件句中省略if和替代if的规则例如suggest表示建议、命令、要求时，宾语从句的谓语动词一般省略should，直接跟原形动词；suggest表示显示时，时态视情况而定。

4. 复合句题注意引导从句的连接词，whether和if；that和what引导名词性从句的区别，what=the thing that；引导条件状语从句的从属连词providing that，provided，in that，now （that）； In that 引导的从句对主句进行解释的说明，意思是“在….的方面，在于…..,因为”，Now （that）表示既然；一些疑问词在词尾加上ever后，也可引导让步状语从句相当于no matter+疑问词；So …that和such….that的区别：so后接形容词或副词，such后接名词；5. 非谓语动词搭配题P106. 倒装句题型P11具有否定意义的词或短语置于句首时，句子一般部分倒装。

这类词或短语包括：not，never，seldom，hardly，rarely，scarcely，by no means，under no circumstances，in no way，at no time等；as或though引导的让步状语从句常用倒装，一般一些形容词或副词等置于句首，例如：Wealthy as he is，I don’t envy him，only等表示程度或频率的副词置于句首时，句子一般倒装；no sooner…(than),hardly…(when)=as soon as,结构也要求助动词与主语位置颠倒。

2011GCT辅导讲义

2011GCT辅导讲义Vocabulary and grammar词汇：短语搭配（动词与介副词搭配/动词与名词/介词短语）Hold/get/go/come/put/get/pull/speed形近词变析Insure/ensure/assure/secureObserve/conserve/preserve/reserveOmit/submit/permit/emitConfident/confidentialSign/signal/signature近义词变析Question/problem/issueWorth/worthy/worthwhileHistorical/historicContinual/continuousSign/signal/mark/gesture语法：1．时态By 引导的时间状语与用于完成时，如果接过去的时间点用过去完成时，如果接将来的时间点用将来完成时。

自然规律，客观规律用一般现在时现在完成时（for/since）It’s (about/high) time that + 一般过去时It’s the first time that + 现在完成时It was the first time that + 过去完成时时间状语从句，条件句的将来时用一般现在时表示。

If I have a bike, I’ll lend it to you.If I had a bike, I would have lend it to you.Before long 用于将来时/long before用于一般过去时2．非谓语动词See sb. Do/doingFor there to beFoe there being动名词与现在分词同作定语的区别A sleeping dog/a writing table非谓语动词的否定在前面加notIs said to do/is said to have done独立分词结构The rain being over, we went on with our work.Her eyes dimmed with tears, she didn’t see him enter.3．从句（定从）as/which; that /which/thanThat/which(1)先行词是形容词最高级或者它的前面有形容词最高级时,或是序数词,或它的前面有一个序数词时This is the best that has been used against air pollution(反对空气污染) in cities.English is the most difficult subject that you will learn during these years.He is the last person that I want to see.(2) 主句中已有疑问词时或先行词是whoWhich is the bike that you lost?(3) 先行词既有人又有物时The bike and its rider that had run over (撞倒了)an old man were taken to the police station.(4) 先行词是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,the one等不定代词时Y ou should hand in all that you have.We haven’t got much that we can offer you.I mean the one that you talked about just now.Is there anything else that you want to say for this party?(5) 先行词前面有only,any,few,little,no,all,one of,the same,the very等词修饰时As I mentioned in the last letter, I’ll be back in OhiO in June.More and more people are beginning to learn English, which is becoming popular here.4．倒装Only +状语置于句首So, neither, nor 引起的半倒装否定副词提前So + adj/adv/ 置于句首为了叙述生动全部倒装Up went the rocket.Away they hurried.If 省略had/were 提前Hardly/scaecely…when/no sooner ….than5．虚拟语气三种基本形式表命令，建议，要求的词后should + do表主观意愿，见解的adj. (6)Necessary/essential/important/vital/desirable/advisableIf only/wish/as if/though 后的宾从用一般过去时或过去完成时(if only/only if)含蓄虚拟语气（otherwise, but, or, but for, without, if not for, under other circumstances, to do）It would be a mistake not to help him.Would rather + do (do/have done); would rather + that ( did/had done)表示吃惊惊讶，should (不能省)+ do .6. 主谓一致With, as well as 引出的词不算主语Neither…nor/either….or/not……but…/not only…. But also 谓语就近原则集合名词（三大类）Family/crew/class/audience/committeePeople/police/cattleMerchandise/machinery表示时间/距离/价值/重量名词作主语+单谓Many a ,more than one修饰名词+单谓表种类，数量，单位的名词+of 修饰名词时，谓语动词与表种类，数量，单位的名词一致7.特殊用法Always 与进行体连用，表达一定的感情色彩Need doingIs to blame/blame sb. With sth./blame sth. On sbMake sb. DoFind it+adj. + to doIt’s no use doingProvided that=if 引导的条件句Can’t too…..But that/in that/except that/now that/all thatHave no alternative/choice but to doCan’t choose/help but doI can do nothing but doCannot but doWhy not + doOnly + to do 表结果状语For all/much as1.By the end of this term , the girls _______ the basic rules of dinner partyconversation.A. will learnB. will have learnedC. have learnedD. are learning2. Darwin proved that natural selection _______ the chief factor in the development of species.A. has beenB. had beenC. wasD. is3. It’s been a long time since I _______. How are you?A. had last seen youB. saw you lastC. have last see youD. last was seeing you4. This is the first time I ______this kind of refrigerator.A. sawB. have beenC. am seeingD. see5. Hardly_____ the people ran toward it.A. had the plane landed whenB. had the plane landed thanC. the plane landed beforeD. the plane was landing that6. ______ no gravity, there would be no air around the earth, hence no life.A. If there wasB. if there had beenC. were thereD. had there been7. ______ that the pilot couldn’t fly through it.A. The storm so severe wasB telephone company lastC. so the storm was severeD. such was the storm severe8. If they had sent a check to the telephone company last week, their telephone______ Out of service at this moment.A. will not beB. will not have beenC. wouldn’t beD. wouldn’t have been9. Millions of Americans flock to their drug stores to buy vitamins and minerals, ______ that these pills can help to prevent serious illness.A. convincingB. convincedC. To convinceD. to be convinced10. A recent survey suggested that if money were not an issue, most mothers ______ not to work at all.A. should preferB. preferC. would preferD. preferredReading Comprehension说明性文章多，兼有议论文，一篇应用文。

gct英语语法知识

gct英语语法知识掌握GCT英语语法的学习步骤，才能够在考试之中超常发挥。

下面是店铺给大家整理的gct英语语法_，供大家参阅!gct英语语法考点1、 reduce sb.to是固定搭配，其中to为介词，后跟动名词，意为“使某人陷入……困境”，例如：Misfortunes reduced the poor peasant to selling his daughter to the landlord.接连不断的不幸迫使那个可怜的农民把女儿卖给地主。

2、catch作“当场破获，发觉，撞见(某人)做某事(尤指坏事)”讲时，后面常接“名词(代词)+现在分词”，例如：I caught the boys stealing apples from my garden.我撞见那些孩子们偷我园中的苹果。

You won't catch me doing that again! 我再也不会干那种事了。

3、动词know后面既不能接动名词，也不能接不定式作宾语，但动词know后面可以接“疑问词+不定式”的结构，例如：Nobody knows how to operate the new machine.没有人知道怎样操作这台新机器。

He doesn't know what to say before the VIP.他不知道在那位大人物面前该说些什么。

do with意为“处理，对付(deal with)”。

4、be to have done结构表示“本来打算做完某事”，强烈地暗示“事实上没有做某事”，这是一种特殊的虚拟语气，相当于intend to have done或plan to have done，but did not do ln fact，但实际上没做。

5、if虚拟语气用在条件句中表示对过去的假设，从句使用过去完成时，主句使用“would(should，could，might)+have done”，例如：If the facts had been collected earlier, we would have had more time to study them.如果这些材料早些时候搜集到，我们就会有更多的时间对其进行研究了。

2011GCT英语笔记

4200单词要求对于4级考试，高三毕业是1800个单词。
我喜欢这里： I like here. Right: I like it here.
I can succeed. Right: I can do it. I can make it.
注意生活中的英语： Nike胜利女神。 Just do it.
A three-hours B three-hour C three-hours’ D three-hour’s
26
A acceptable B applicable C advisable D available
living expenses 生活费； acceptable adj. 可接受的；
apply vt. 申请，应用； applicable adj. 可应用的，适当的，合适的；
advise vt. 建议； advice n. 建议； advisable adj. 明智的，可取的。
I was just screwed up. (我一团糟)
四级考试中常见的考察词汇的题型：
I 押韵题型（押头韵、押尾韵）；
答案总在相似中，如果有三个一样，基本上就在其中了。
54. The rain was heavy and _A_ the land was flooded.
A conseuently B continuously C constantly D consistently
constantly adv. 始终如一地，连续发生地；constant temperature 恒温
consistently adv. 一贯地，一致地； consistent adj. consistent policy 一贯的政策。

2011年GCT英语基础班考前辅导_语法8学时_scr

2011年GCT英语基础班考前辅导——语法张丽艳一、大纲中语法要部分需要掌握的内容✓动词的时态、语态（主动、被动）；✓非谓语动词（doing、done、to do）；✓形容词比较级、最高级；✓名词、代词的数和格（主谓一致）；✓从句；✓虚拟语气；✓强调句型；✓倒装句型；✓常用连词、冠词的词义及用法。

GCT （03---10年）语法考点汇总见附录2010年语法真题2010GCT01: Making energy use completely harmless to the environment____________ very difficult and usually economically expensive.A. isB. areC. have beenD. shall be2010GCT02: ___________ no gravity, there would be no air around the earth, hence no life.A. If there had beenB. If there wasC. Had there beenD. Were there2010GCT03: Some members of the committee suggested that the meeting .A. being postponedB. to be postponedC. be postponedD. postponed2010GCT04: Is there anything else ___________ you want to get ready for the party this evening?A. whichB. whoC. thatD. what2010GCT07: By the end of this term, the girls ____________ the basic rules of dinner party conversation.A. will learnB. will have learnedC. have learnedD. are learning词一、动词动词的基本分类基本助动词：have；do；be（1）助动词情态助动词will would ;may might; can could; must; need; shall should; ought to; dare注意：特殊情态动词：would rather, would sooner; would (just) as soon; had better, had sooner; can not but; may (just) as well.情态动词在虚拟语气中的含义及其用法。

GCT英语复习关键句型

1．It作先行主语和先行宾语的一些句型She had said what it was necessary to say.2．强调句型It is not who rules us that is important, but how he rules us.3．“All+抽象名词”或”抽象名词+itself”（very+形容词）He was all gentleness to her.4．利用词汇重复表示强调A crime is a crime a crime.5．“someth ing（much）of”和”nothing（little）of” “something of”相当于”to some extent”，表示程度。

在疑问句或条件从句中，则为”anything of “，可译为”有点”，”略微等。

”"译为毫无”，”全无”。

”much of”译为”大有”，”not much of”可译为”算不上”，”称不上”，”little of”可译为”几乎无”。

something like 译为”有点像，略似。

”They say that he had no university education, but he seems to be something of a scholar.6．同格名词修饰是指of前后的两个名词都指同一个人或物，“of”以及它前面的名词构一个形容词短语，以修饰”of”后面的那个名词。

如”her old sharper of a father”，可译为：”她那骗子般的父亲”。

Those pigs of girls eat so much.7．as…as…can（may）beIt is as plain as plain can be.8．“It is in（with）…as in（with）”It is in life as in a journey.9．“as good as…”相等于，就像，几乎如；实际上，其实，实在。

GCT 语法-大纲要求

什么是语法？
为什么要学习语法？
2008年GCT阅读文章首句： The night is not what it was. Once, the Earth was cast half in shadow. Then came fire, candle, and light bulb, gradually drawing back the curtain of darkness. But a brighter world has its drawbacks. 2010年GCT阅读文章首句： Tony Huesman, a heart transplant recipient (接受者) who lived a record 31 years with a single donated organ has died at age 51 of leukemia (白血病), but his heart still going strong.
过去将来完成时
基本形式： Should/Would+ have+ done 典型例句： He told me that he would have paid me back the money by the end of the week.
被动语态
基本形式： To Be + done 用 “Be” 体现时态变化 To get + done
基本形式：
Have/ has + done 关键点1：强调动作的完成与现在的关系、对现在产生的影响。
1. I have lost my key.
(强调：钥匙已经丢了，到现在还没找到，此刻打不开门。)
2. I lost my key yesterday.

GCT – 不定式

He pretended not to know the facts. 他佯装不知实情。 tend vt（常与to连用）有某种倾向；有…的趋势 People under stress tend to express their full range of potential. 处于压力下的人容易发挥自己全部的潜力。 intend vt打算；想要；计划 Today, I intend to finish reading this book. 今天我打算读完这本书。
challenge Vt 向…挑战；邀请比赛他向我挑战要我跟他再打一场网球。 He challenged me to play another tennis game. command vt, vi（常与to, that连用）命令；指挥；统率我命令你去。 I command you to go. compel vt迫使；强迫 The rain compelled us to stay indoors. 雨迫使我们待在家里。
The driver failed to see the other car in time. hesitate vi犹豫；踌躇我真不好意思向你开口,你能把汽车借给我用几天吗? I hesitate to ask you, but will you lend me your car for a few days? long vi（常与for, to 连用）渴望我特想要辆自行车。 I longed for a bicycle. 这几个小伙子极想去观看足球赛。 These young lads are longing to go to watch the football match.
2) 动词+不定式；动词+宾语+不定式 ask, beg, choose, expect, hate, help like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish 我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。 I like to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢你使每件东西都保持整洁。 I like you to keep everything tidy. 我想和汤姆谈话。 I want to speak to Tom. 我想让你和汤姆谈话。 I want you to speak to Tom.

2011年GCT英语被动和情态动词知识点

2011年GCT考试复习工作已经拉开序幕，大家普遍了解GCT考试的特点：试题量大，答题时间紧张，尤其是英语和数学科目都是考生普遍有难度的考试科目，针对此情况，新阳光教育整理最新GCT 英语常考知识点，希望对报考2011年GCT考试有一定的帮助。

被动语态1. The professor was knowledgeable and eloquent and __________ with enthusiasm.a. was always listenedb. was always listened toc. always was listenedd. always listened to2. He returned a week later and found his house___________.a. had broken intob. was broken intoc. to be broken intod. had been broken into3. The United Kingdom _____________Great Britain and Northern Ireland.a. consisted ofb. is consisted ofc. consist ofd. consist4. These oranges _________nice.a. are tastedb. tastec. is tastedd. tastes5. In 1950, she was the largest ship that______.a. was ever builtb. has ever builtc. has ever been builtd. had ever been built6. The house suddenly collapsed while it _________ down.a. was pulledb. pulledc. was being pulledd. had been pulled7. “How do you like your new position?” “I ________.”a. don’t satisfyb. am not satisfiedc. can’t satisfyd. haven’t satisfied8. She _________ in the feet on her way home from work.a. was hurtingb. is hurtc. hurtsd. got hurt9. There are more than fifty proposals __________ at the conference.a. discussedb. to be discussedc. discussingd. having discussed10. Though Newton was a great scientist, many of his idea _______ today and are being modified by the work of today’s scientists.a. are to challengedb. are challengingc. may be challengedd. have been challengedkey: B D C B D C B D B D情态动词1. We _________her letter last week. We don’t know what has happened to her.a. must receiveb. must have receivedc. ought to received. ought to have received2. If the doctor could have come earlier, the patient___________.a. could not have diedb. should not have diedc. wouldn’t have diedd. would not die3. As it turned out to be a small driving test, we __________ so hard.a. needn’t prepareb. did not need have preparedc. did not need prepared. needn’t have prepared4. It was kind of you to offer me financial help, but you __________it.a. mustn’t gob. wouldn’t have donec. mightn’t have doned. didn’t have to do5. According to the western culture, one ________ask his acquaintance such personal questions as his age, income or martial status.a. needn’tb. don’t have toc. mustn’td. have not go to6. Jane doesn’t have time to go to the concert; she __________for her final examination.a. being prepareb. must be preparingc. might have been preparingd. is to be prepare7. My disappointment ___________ apparent the moment I entered the office, because some of my colleagues a sked me sympathetically, “Are you all right with the boss’s decision?”a. must beb. had beenc. must have beend. had to be8. The prize-winner did so well at the speech contest that he __________ it many times this couple of weeks.a. should have rehearsedb. would have rehearsedc. must have rehearsedd. could have rehearsed9. He doesn’t know how to make good use of the enormous calculative capability of computer; this job ___________within an hour.a. should finishb. must have finishedc. could be finishingd. ought to have been finished10. It’s a pity you failed in this course. You ___________ the books on the professor’s reading list before you took the final examination.a. might have readb. should have readc. must have readd. have readkey: D C D D C B C C D B。

GCT-虚拟语气固定词组

1.当从句中出现without(如果没有)，but for(要不是)，otherwise（否则）But that(若不是)等词时，主句用虚拟语气。

2.It is + 形容词+ that 从句的句型中，that引导的主语从句中的谓语动词用should + 动词原形。

Absure(荒缪的) advisable better best desirable（理性的）fair fortunate good imperative important incredible(难以置信) just natural necessary odd pleasant possible preferable right ridiculous sad silly unusual urgent vital wrong 等表示必要、应该、建议、要求、惊讶、不相信等意思。

3.意为“提议，建议、请求、命令”等意思的动词所带的从句（包括主语从句和宾语从句）中，谓语部分用（should+）动词原形。

这类词有。

Ask , advise, agree, arrange beg command decide demand desire determine direct instruct insist intend maintain move order persuade pray propose recommend require stipulate suggest tell urge（考点）应当注意。

当suggest、insist 等词不表示建议或坚持要求时，后面不用虚拟语气。

4 wish 后用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反的愿望。

其表达形式一般是将谓语动词提前一个时态。

Eg: I wish I had been to concert last night5.It’s (high , about) time that….的句型要求用虚拟语气，表示应该做某是但还没做的事。

2011年工程硕士GCT英语复习辅导专栏14

2011年工程硕士GCT英语复习辅导专栏14强调句在英文中，句子的主语、宾语、状语都可以写进一定的句式里以表示对它的强调。

它们是：1. It is / was + 被强调的部分 + that （ who， which ） + 句子的其他部分，2. What … is / was …这种句式就称为强调句。

1. It is/was + 被强调的部分 + that（which） + 句子的其他部分下面我们以两个句子为例来演示强调句的构成。

如：1）Western health-care system are spending主语huge sums of money on the surgical treatment宾语状语of the disease.西方国家医疗保健机构在心脏病的手术治疗上开支巨大。

强调主语It is Western health-care system that are spending huge sums of money on the surgical treatment of the disease.正是西方国家医疗保健机构，在心脏病的手术治疗上开支巨大。

强调宾语It is huge sums of money that Western health-care system are spending on the surgical treatment of the disease.西方国家医疗保健机构在心脏病的手术治疗上，开支确实是巨大的。

强调状语It is on the surgical treatment of the disease that Western health-care system are spending huge sums of money 。

西方国家医疗保健机构，就是在心脏病的手术治疗上付出了巨大的开支。

2）谓语动词的强调do / does / did +动词原形强调。