Routes to RICS Membership
RICS(英国皇家特许测量师学会)介绍讲解
RICS Asia
About RICS (RICS简介)
RICS Headquarters (RICS总部) • London 伦敦
RICS Regional Offices (RICS区域总部) • Asia 亚洲区 – Hong Kong 香港 • Americas 美洲区 – New York 纽约 • Africa & Middle East 非洲及中东区 – Dubai 迪拜 • Europe 欧洲区 – Brussels 布鲁塞尔 • Oceania 大洋洲 – Sydney 悉尼
近三千名正式会员 • 25 RICS accredited courses in some prestigious universities
在国内著名高校中认证了二十五个RICS认可课程 • RICS China Board, 13 Board members
RICS中国分会，13名分会成员
RICS Asia
The mark of property professionalism worldwide
国际物业，专才所在
RICS Asia
About RICS (RICS简介)
▪ Established in 1868, over 140 years of history 超过140年的悠久历史
▪ Over 180,000 members across 146 countries worldwide 目前拥有18万会员，遍布全球146个国家
▪ 500 degree level courses approved worldwide 在世界各地的知名大学内有超过500个认可课程
RICS Asia
About RICS (RICS简介)
IGMP协议
IGMP协议概述The Internet Group Management Protocol(IGMP)is a network‑layer protocol used by hosts and ad‑jacent routers on an Internet Protocol(IP)network to report their multicast group memberships.It is an essential component of IP multicast,which enables efficient delivery of data to multiple hosts simultaneously.BackgroundIn traditional IP networks,data packets are typically sent to a unicast address,which means they are delivered to a specific destination host.However,in scenarios where data needs to be sent to multiple recipients simultaneously,such as multimedia streaming or real‑time collaboration applications,the unicast approach becomes inefficient and resource‑consuming.This is where multicast comes into play.What is Multicast?Multicast is a communication method that allows a single sender to transmit data packets to a group of receivers.Instead of sending separate copies of the data to each receiver,the sender multicasts the data once,and it is then replicated and delivered only to the members of the multicast group who have expressed interest in receiving the data.Role of IGMPIGMP plays a crucial role in enabling hosts to join and leave multicast groups dynamically.It allows routers to learn which hosts are interested in receiving multicast traffic for specific groups and effi‑ciently forward the data only to those interested hosts.How IGMP Works1.Host Joins a Multicast Group:When a host wants to receive multicast traffic for a specific group,it sends an IGMP join message to its local router,indicating its interest in joining the group. 2.Router Membership Query:Routers periodically send IGMP membership queries on the networkto discover which hosts belong to multicast groups.These queries elicit IGMP membership re‑ports from the hosts.3.Host Membership Reports:Upon receiving a query,hosts respond with IGMP membership re‑ports,indicating the multicast groups they are interested in.4.Router Forwarding:Routers maintain a list of active multicast groups and their associated hosts.They use this information to forward multicast traffic only to the hosts that have joined the re‑spective groups.Benefits and ApplicationsIGMP enables efficient distribution of multicast traffic,reducing network congestion and bandwidth consumption.It finds applications in various scenarios,including:•Video streaming and IPTV•Online gaming and interactive applications•Software‑defined networking(SDN)•Content delivery networks(CDNs)•Collaborative tools and virtual classroomsSecurity and LimitationsWhile IGMP facilitates multicast communication,it’s important to consider security aspects and im‑plement appropriate measures to prevent unauthorized access or malicious activities.Additionally, IGMP has some limitations,such as scalability challenges in large networks and potential issues with router performance under heavy multicast traffic.In conclusion,IGMP is a critical protocol for managing multicast group memberships in IP networks. By allowing hosts to join and leave multicast groups dynamically,IGMP enables efficient and scalable delivery of multicast traffic,catering to various applications and improving network performance. IGMP协议的工作原理IGMP（Internet Group Management Protocol）是一种网络层协议，用于在Internet协议（IP）网络上的主机和相邻路由器之间报告它们的组播组成员关系。
船长面试问题及参考答案
船长面试问题及参考答案船长是船上最重要的职位，也是个方面要求最高的职位。
船东在面试船员时对船长的考核最认真，最费时间，也是最复杂的，作为一名合格的船长，不但要求有丰富的海上工作经历、娴熟的船舶驾驶经验和技术，更要有很好的商务操作能力、领导管理能力、极佳的个人人品、强大的人格魅力和感召力。
还要勤于动脑、身体力行，在所有船员面前树立典范。
船东在进行面试时，往往提问船长的问题最多，也最复杂，考察的时间也最长。
提问船长的问题涉及到国际安全管理规则、安全管理体系、船长资历、船舶管理、各种具体商务和技术问题等等。
下面收集了一部分面试试题，供广大面试船长参考。
其中部分问题，不但船长必备，其他干部船员，尤其是大副也必须看，轮机长也应该参考一下。
1.Can you tell me about your educational background?实事求是，最好告诉人家在某个学校学了多长时间，最好也要告诉人家你接受某些社会培训的情况，谦虚好学毕竟是一个美德嘛。
Please refer to a master’s self-introduction in Part One of this book.2.What is a classification society? What is the purpose of classification survey? Pleaselist some famous classification societies in the word.A classification society is usually an independent organization that carries out classification surveys, statutory surveys, surveys related to a notary matters for ships, offshore installations, marine freight containers, materials and marine equipments. It also provides safety management certification services to shipping companies and their ships .The purpose of classification survey is to evaluate the situation of a ship and the management of a company and its ship.Some of the famous classification societies are :NK(Japanese 日本海事协会)，CCS （Chinese ）,ABS(American), DNV(Norwegian ),SL(British Lloyd英国劳氏)，GL（German Lloyd德国劳氏），KR（Korea）,RINA(意大利船级社).3.Can you talk about the previous vessels you worked on board?实事求是，若没有做过，千万不要伪造。
RICS(英国皇家特许测量师学会)介绍
RICS 职业操守
12个核心原则 重要性
必须在最终面试中测试
RICS Asia
RICS 12 个核心原则
行为可敬光荣 行为正直不阿 处事透明公开 以礼对待他人 树立良好榜样
勇于坚持立场
全面承担责任 贵乎自知慎行
遵守法律法规
避免利益冲突
时时保持客观
尊重维护机密
r Development (职业生涯发展)
Influencing the profession, lobbying on key issues Leadership development, CPD, networking, Adaptation Leadership development Technical updates, faculties, forums, events APC, Graduates
Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors 英国皇家特许测量师学会
RICS Asia
About RICS (RICS简介)
RICS is one of the most respected and high profile global ‘standards and membership’ organizations for professionals involved in land, valuation, real estate, construction and environmental issues. 英国皇家特许测量师学会是全球广为推崇的，涉及土地、 评估、地产、建造以及环境保护等多方面的权威机构。
• RICS Asia Board RICS亚洲区分会
中英文个人简历
篇二：中英文个人简历模板个人简历个人基本信息：姓名：×××民族：汉性别：男出生年月：×××政治面貌：党员户籍：×××学历：××身体状况：良好毕业院校：××××专业：××××××联系地址：上海市闵行区邮政编码：200240 教育经历：××~××：在××大学攻读××学士学位；××~××：在××大学攻读××硕士学位，研究方向××××××。
专业基础：《c语言程序设计》、《汇编语言程序设计》、《数据结构》、《操作系统》、《数据库》、《编译原理》、《计算机网络》、《计算机组成》、《web程序设计》、《计算机图形学》、《软件工程》、《算法分析与设计》、《组合数学》及《数据挖掘》等研究方向：1、××××；2、××××；英语能力:1、通过国家cet 6考试；2、具有不错的英语读写能力，可以很熟练地阅读英文材料；3、具有一定的口语听说能力。
兴趣爱好:1、喜欢接触新鲜事物，喜欢挑战自己的能力；2、喜欢篮球、乒乓球、游泳等体育运动；3、喜欢读书、思考。
个人专长:1、精通php,熟悉php web开发技术，包括开发环境的搭建和应用程序的部署运行，对php mvc(smarty)技术有比较深刻的了解；2、熟悉php领域众多开源项目，包括wordpress、mybb、zenphoto等，能够独立修改和配置这些开源项目，以实现新的应用程序开发；3、熟练掌握javascript、css等webui开发技术，熟悉jquery、dwr、ext等ajax框架的使用，对firebug、ie develop tools等ui调试工具能灵活运用，可独立承担webui 的开发工作。
大学英语新课标新时代第三册unit2thefreedomgivers知识总结讲解学习
第三册Unit2 The freedom giversA208第二组Key Words:impose: 1) place a (penalty, tax, etc.) officially on sb./sth.e.g: The government has made a decision to impose a further tax on wines and spirits.The local government tried to impose fines on the factories which poureduntreated waste into the river.2) try to make sb. accept (an opinion or belief)e.g: I wouldn't want to impose my religious convictions on anyone.It may not be wise for parents to impose their own tastes on their children.Liberate: set from (used in the pattern: liberate sb./ sth. from)e.g. The central government authorized $200 billion to construct new dams to generate ch eap hydro-electric power. 他被授权发表下列声明He was authorized to issue the following statement. An authorized agent指定的代理人.Have authority over…对…有权利 By the authority of 蒙…的许可 An academic authority 学术权威 Authorities concerned有关当局exploit: 1)n. brave and adventurous deed or action(usu. pl)功绩，业绩e.g. The general‟s wartime exploits were later made into a film and a television series.My grandfather entertained us with stories of wartime exploits. vt. 1) to use (esp. a person) unfai rly for one‟s own profit 剥削e.g. The cruel boss exploited the poor by making them work for less pay.2) to use or develop (a thing) fully so as to get profite.g. to exploit the oil under the sea n. exploitationdisguise:1) give sb./ sth. a false appearance(used in the pattern: disguise sb./ sth. as…) 假扮，伪装e.g. Mulan disguised herself as a man so she could fight on the battlefield. Jack escaped acro ss the border disguised as a priest.2) hide (the real state of things) 伪装，掩饰，隐藏It is impossible to disguise the fact that the business is bad. 16. in the eyes of: in the opinio n of , in one‟s opinione.g. In the eyes of students, Richard is a sensible and reliable teacher.In the eye of my parents, I‟m still a young person although I am already in mythirties.peer: look closely or carefully , esp. as if unable to see well ( followed by at/through/ into, etc.)凝视，盯着看e.g. She peered through the mist, trying to find the right path. He peered at me over the t op of his glasses.He peered into his parents` room and found they were quarrelling.bid: say, wish ( bid----bid----bid bid----bad----bidden)说，致意e.g. He bad me good morning as he passed . 2) order or tell 命令，吩咐nakeda. having no clothing on the body；nude；having no covering，especially the usual one；being without addition，concealment，disguise，or embellishment裸体的；无遮盖的，赤裸裸的；直率的；露骨的【辨析】naked，bare，nuke都含“没有衣物或必需的遮蔽物的”、“赤裸”的意思。
RICS(英国皇家特许测量师学会)介绍解析
About RICS (RICS简介)
17 Faculties (17个专业领域)
• • • • • • • • • • Arts and antiques 文物及艺术精品 Building control 建筑监管 Building surveying 建筑测量 * Commercial property 商用物业 * Dispute resolution 争议解决 Environment 环境保护 Facilities management 设施管理 * Geomatics 测绘 Machinery and business assets 机械及商用资产 Management consultancy 管理咨询 *
RICS Asia
Benefits as a Member (RICS会员的优势)
Access to leading research & technical advice 获得领先的研究报告、尖端资讯以及专业建议
Access to one of the largest property related libraries in the world – RICS Library 使用世界最大的地产物业类资料库之 – RICS图书馆 Lifelong learning (CPD) to remain competitive 获得终身的学习资源 – 持续专业发展活动
公众利益-不单纯追求会员利益
RICS 职业操守
12个核心原则 重要性
必须在最终面试中测试
RICS Asia
RICS 12 个核心原则
行为可敬光荣 行为正直不阿 处事透明公开 以礼对待他人 树立良好榜样
勇于坚持立场
城轨英语试题及答案详解
城轨英语试题及答案详解一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. What is the most common mode of transportation in urban areas?A. BikingB. DrivingC. Public transportD. Walking答案：C2. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of using public transport?A. Reduces traffic congestion.B. Lowers carbon emissions.C. Increases travel time.D. Saves energy.答案：C3. What does the abbreviation "MRT" stand for?A. Metropolitan Rapid TransitB. Metropolitan Railway TechnologyC. Modern Railway TransportationD. Motorized Road Transport答案：A4. The term "metro" is often used to refer to:A. A type of restaurant.B. A type of clothing store.C. A type of underground railway system.D. A type of mobile phone.答案：C5. What is the purpose of a transfer station in a metro system?A. To provide a place for passengers to buy tickets.B. To allow passengers to switch between different metro lines.C. To serve as a central hub for all public transport.D. To offer a place for passengers to rest and eat.答案：B6. In the context of public transport, "off-peak" hours usually refer to:A. Times when the transport system is at its busiest.B. Times when the transport system is less crowded.C. When the transport system is closed.D. When the transport system is undergoing maintenance.答案：B7. Which of the following is NOT a type of ticket that can be used on public transport?A. Single-ride ticket.B. Day pass.C. Monthly pass.D. Annual membership card.答案：D8. What is the primary advantage of using a contactless payment card for public transport?A. It is more expensive than other payment methods.B. It is less secure than other payment methods.C. It allows for faster transactions at ticket barriers.D. It requires the user to carry more physical cards.答案：C9. The term "commuter" typically refers to someone who:A. Travels for leisure.B. Travels for business.C. Travels regularly between home and work.D. Travels internationally.答案：C10. What is the main reason for implementing a congestion charge in a city?A. To increase government revenue.B. To discourage the use of public transport.C. To reduce traffic and pollution in the city center.D. To promote the use of private vehicles.答案：C二、填空题（每题1分，共10分）11. The underground railway system in London is commonlyknown as the ______.答案：Tube12. A person who frequently travels by train for work isoften referred to as a ______.答案：commuter13. The process of moving from one vehicle or mode oftransport to another is called ______.答案：transferring14. A ______ is a document that allows unlimited travel on public transport for a set period.答案：pass15. The term "rush hour" refers to the time when public transport is ______ with people traveling to or from work.答案：crowded16. A ______ is a type of ticket that can be used formultiple journeys within a certain time frame.答案：multi-ride ticket17. The ______ is the central control room for a metro system, where all operations are monitored and managed.答案：control center18. A ______ is a device that helps to maintain a safedistance between trains.答案：signal system19. The ______ is the part of the metro system where trainsare stored and maintained.答案：depot20. A ______ is a type of ticket that offers a discount for students or senior citizens.答案：concessionary ticket三、简答题（每题5分，共20分）21. 简述城市轨道交通系统的主要特点。
中英文个人简历
篇二：中英文个人简历模板个人简历个人基本信息：姓名：××× 民族:汉性别：男出生年月:×××政治面貌：党员户籍:×××学历：×× 身体状况:良好毕业院校：×××× 专业：××××××联系地址：上海市闵行区邮政编码：200240教育经历：××～××：在××大学攻读××学士学位;××～××：在××大学攻读××硕士学位，研究方向××××××.专业基础：《c语言程序设计》、《汇编语言程序设计》、《数据结构》、《操作系统》、《数据库》、《编译原理》、《计算机网络》、《计算机组成》、《web程序设计》、《计算机图形学》、《软件工程》、《算法分析与设计》、《组合数学》及《数据挖掘》等研究方向:1、××××；2、××××；英语能力：1、通过国家cet 6考试；2、具有不错的英语读写能力,可以很熟练地阅读英文材料；3、具有一定的口语听说能力。
兴趣爱好:1、喜欢接触新鲜事物，喜欢挑战自己的能力；2、喜欢篮球、乒乓球、游泳等体育运动；3、喜欢读书、思考。
个人专长：1、精通php,熟悉php web开发技术，包括开发环境的搭建和应用程序的部署运行，对php mvc（smarty）技术有比较深刻的了解；2、熟悉php领域众多开源项目，包括wordpress、mybb、zenphoto等，能够独立修改和配置这些开源项目，以实现新的应用程序开发；3、熟练掌握javascript、css等webui开发技术，熟悉jquery、dwr、ext等ajax框架的使用，对firebug、ie develop tools等ui调试工具能灵活运用,可独立承担webui的开发工作。
RICS所有途径的附件A-专业胜任能力评核指南-能力与要求(中文)[1]
![RICS所有途径的附件A-专业胜任能力评核指南-能力与要求(中文)[1]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/ca9829573c1ec5da50e27096.png)
选择你的能力
认真考虑能力的选择与组合很重要。能力的选择应考虑日常的工作（客户/雇主需求推动）。能力的挑选和组 合反映你的判断。最终面试评核时，考官将考虑你所做的这些选择，并希望你做出了明智、现实的选择，能体 现所选执业领域内测量师常规职责所需的技能。
如何适用本指南
你必须阅读本指南，同时结合与你的入会路径相对应的申请者指南（2006）以及《主管、顾问与雇主指南—— 毕业生入会路径》（2006年7月）。本指南按章节划分，应依次阅读。
第一节：介绍技术能力要求及如何选择，详细介绍强制能力要求。 第二、三节：列出每个APC和ATC资格路径、其专业能力要求及市场专门技能要求。 第四节：按字母顺序列出的各项能力。
可选能力要求 下列目录中有一项能力达到层次3且两项能力达到层次2
拍卖 T004 建筑病理学 T006 资本税 T009 强制购买及补偿 T011 土地污染 T015 环境评估 T028 投资管理（包括资金和有价证券管理）T046 恒常监察 T044 土地所有者和承租人(包括出租审查和租约续订) T048 土地利用及多样化利用 T049 当地税制/评估 T052 维护管理 T053 土地及物业测量 T057 出租 T050 规划 T061 地产资金及融资 T069 物业管理 T070 物业管理会计 T071 地产档案/信息系统 T072 购买及出售 T073 评估 T083 冲突规避与管理程序及争议解决程序M006或可持续性M009
工程测量 T027 地理信息系统（GIS）T036 绘制地图 T056 地产档案/信息系统 T072 空间数据采集与呈现（高级地图绘制）T078 利用海洋环境 T082
可选能力要求 从下列目录中选择三项能力达到层次2（包括未作为核心能力的上述能力）。
航海英语题库单词--海事大学
IMO=International Maritime Organization 国际海事组织Introduction 引入，引进Mark 标志Maritime 海上的；海事的Invention 发明Amendment 修改改正Convention 公约SOLAS= Safety of life at sea 海上人命安全公约Adopt 正式通过，采用Replace 取代，代替Phase in 逐步采用Entry into force 生效，实施Stage 阶段SAR= Search and Rescue 搜索和救助Coordinate 协调Authority 主管机关Ashore 岸上Vicinity 附近Alert 报警Emergency 紧急Coordinate 协调On-scene 现场Locate 定位Distress 遇险Bridge 驾驶台Community 实体，社会，船舶Beneficial 有益的；受益的INMARSAT 国际海事卫星Put into orbit 送入轨道Announcement 宣布；通告Establish 建立Shipyard 船坞；船厂As a general rule 通常Shipment 航运；装船，装运的货物506Provide by 提供；供给Terrestrial 地面的Travel ＝sail 航行High sea 公海Carry 携带；配备Facility 设备；设施Shore-based 岸基remain 保持，逗留Specify 指定，确定In addition to 除。
以外urgent紧急 Dissemination 播发；传播Meteorological 气象的Warning 警告Comprehensive 全面的Available 可利用的；有用的Enhanced 增强的Combination 组成；组合Take out 退出；去掉Contributing 贡献；起作用Voyage 航次；航海；航行Install 安装Pacific 太平洋Atlantic 大西洋GT ＝gross tonnage 总吨位Navigate 航行Abbreviation 缩写Component 部分SART=Search and Rescue Radar Transponders 搜救雷达应答器Interrogate 触发；询问Airborne 飞机载Lay down 制定；规定Irrespective 不论；不考虑Primarily 主要地Imminent 急迫的；危急的Relate to 涉及；与。
交换路由 常用英语词汇
交换路由常用英语词汇English: In networking, the concept of exchanging routes refers tothe process of sharing information about available paths through which data can be transmitted from one network to another. This is commonly done using routing protocols such as OSPF, BGP, EIGRP, and RIP. Each of these protocols has its own way of exchanging route information, whether it be through periodic updates, triggered updates, or neighbor adjacencies. When routers exchange routes, they are essentially communicating with each other to determine the best path for forwarding packets based on factors such as cost, bandwidth, delay, and reliability. This dynamic routing process allows networks to adapt to changes in topology, link failure, and network congestion, ensuring efficient and reliable packet delivery.中文翻译: 在网络中，交换路由的概念是指共享关于可用路径的信息的过程，通过这些路径可以将数据从一个网络传输到另一个网络。
关于开辟新航路的英语作文
关于开辟新航路的英语作文1. Opening up new air routes is crucial for global connectivity and economic development. It allows for easier access to different regions and promotes cultural exchange.2. The process of establishing a new air route involves thorough planning and coordination between airlines, airports, and aviation authorities. Safety measures must also be taken into consideration to ensure smooth operations.3. With the advancement of technology, airlines are now able to fly longer distances and reach remote destinations. This opens up new possibilities for tourism and trade opportunities.4. The competition among airlines to secure new routes is fierce, as they seek to expand their market presence and attract more passengers. This benefits consumers byoffering more choices and potentially lower prices.5. The environmental impact of opening new air routes is a concern, as increased air traffic can lead to higher carbon emissions. It is important for airlines to adopt sustainable practices and invest in eco-friendly aircraft to minimize their carbon footprint.6. In conclusion, opening up new air routes is a positive step towards enhancing global connectivity and fostering economic growth. It brings people closer together and creates opportunities for collaboration and mutual understanding.。
图书馆写作业要不要钱英语
In most public libraries,using the facilities to do homework or study is generally free of charge.Here are some details about using a library for homework:1.Access to Resources:Libraries offer free access to a wealth of resources,including books,journals,and databases,which can be invaluable for research and homework.2.Study Spaces:Many libraries have designated quiet areas or study rooms where students can work without distractions.3.Internet Access:Most libraries provide free WiFi,which can be essential for online research or submitting assignments.puters:Some libraries have computers available for public use,often with free access to software that might be useful for homework,such as word processors or spreadsheet programs.5.Reference Services:Librarians are trained to help with research and can assist with finding information or navigating the librarys resources.6.Workshops and Classes:Some libraries offer workshops or classes on various topics, which can be helpful for learning new skills or getting extra help with subjects.7.Printing and Copying:While the use of the library itself is free,there might be a small fee for printing or copying documents,depending on the librarys policies.8.Membership:To access certain services,you might need a library card,which is usually free to obtain for residents of the area the library serves.9.Hours of Operation:Be aware of the librarys hours,as they may vary,and some libraries may have limited hours during holidays or special events.10.Respect for Others:While libraries are free to use,its important to respect the space by being quiet,not taking up more space than necessary,and following any rules or guidelines set by the library.Remember,each library may have its own specific policies and services,so its a good idea to check with your local library for exact details.。
郑和下西洋 英文介绍
The ships used maps, star charts, and compasses to navigate the open seas. It is the first fleet in history to not hug the coast as a means of guidance.
The purpose of the voyages was to establish trade and diplomatic relations between China and nations in Southeast Asia, South Asia, and the Arabian Peninsula.
批注本地保存成功开通会员云端永久保存去开通
The Voyages of Zheng He
Dennis Rees Teacher-Consultant Arizona Geographic Alliance
From 1405 until 1433, Admiral Zheng He made 7 voyages.
The fifth voyage, 1416-1419, returned to the places in Southeast Asia, Ceylon, India, Hormuz, and the Arabian Peninsula that had been visited before. The fleet also sailed down the east coast of Africa making stops at Mogadishu and Malindi. He returned home with exotic animals and African ambassadors.
2021年高考英语8月考前冲破 阅读明白得能力 文化教育 对付索马里海盗 修路比战舰有效素材
对付索马里海盗修路比战舰有效Building roads and harbours in Somalia is a better way of tackling piracy than deploying warships, a study says.一项调查显示，在索马里建造道路和口岸比部署战船更能有效解决海盗问题。
Local elites and communities protect pirates because they lack an income, says the study by two UK universities.Foreign navies have a strong presence around Somalia in order to keep shipping lanes safe.This has led to a decline in attacks off the Somali coast, with the UN estimating that about 40 people are still being held by pirates.At the peak of their activity three years ago, the pirates held more than 700 crew members and more than 30 ships.'Import centre'The World Bank estimates that pirates netted more than $400m in ransom（赎金）money between 2005 and 2021.Somalia has been a largely lawless state since the fall of long-serving ruler Siad Barre in 1991. Warlords, religious groups and clans have been fighting for control of Somalia.The study, by the University of Oxford and King's College London and published in the British Journal of Criminology, says Somalia witnessed a surge in pirate attacks when territory was contested or elections took place.This suggested the behaviour of clan leaders in Somalia was similar to that of politicians in Italy and Taiwan, who extended protection to criminals when they needed extra funds to further political ambitions, the study adds."Local communities support pirates when there isn't a better alternative income stream," said Federico Varese, a co-author of the report based at the University Oxford."By improving the infrastructure of Somalia, building new harbours and roads to link the remote areas to trade routes, our research concludes that poorer communities would be less likely to resort to piracy," he added.People in Somalia's north-eastern city of Bosasso cut ties with pirates once the economy grew, the study says."As the city regained its importance as a major trading port for livestock and an import centre for the wider region, pirates were no longer tolerated - pirate host ages were freed and pirates were imprisoned by the local clan leaders," the study adds.。
哥伦布英语作文
Christopher Columbus,an Italian explorer,is widely known for his voyages across the Atlantic Ocean that led to the European discovery of the Americas.His expeditions, which started in the late15th century,marked a significant turning point in world history.1.Early Life and Background:Columbus was born in Genoa,Italy,in1451.His father was a middleclass wool merchant,and from a young age,Columbus showed an interest in the sea and maritime trade.2.Maritime Experience:He went to sea at a young age and gained experience as a sailor. His travels took him to various parts of the Mediterranean and eventually to the service of the Portuguese monarchy,where he further developed his skills in navigation.3.The Plan for a New Route:Columbus believed that by sailing west,he could find a shorter route to Asias riches,bypassing the traditional eastward route around Africa.He spent years trying to convince the monarchs of Europe to support his expedition.4.First Voyage1492:With the support of Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand of Spain, Columbus set sail with three ships:the Santa Maria,the Pinta,and the Niña.On October 12,1492,he landed on an island in the presentday Bahamas,which he named San Salvador.5.Subsequent Voyages:Columbus made a total of four voyages to the Americas.He explored parts of the Caribbean,Central America,and South America,believing he had reached the outskirts of Asia,which is why he called the native inhabitants Indians.6.Impact and Legacy:Columbuss voyages initiated the widespread exchange of plants, animals,people,and diseases between the Americas and the Old World.This period is often referred to as the Columbian Exchange.However,his voyages also led to the colonization and exploitation of the Americas,with devastating consequences for the indigenous populations.7.Controversies:Columbuss legacy is a subject of debate.While he is celebrated for his daring exploration and opening up new worlds,he is also criticized for the brutal treatment of the indigenous people and the introduction of slavery and diseases that decimated native populations.8.Cultural Significance:Columbus Day,celebrated on the second Monday of October in the United States,commemorates his arrival in the Americas.However,the holiday has become controversial,and some regions have replaced it with Indigenous Peoples Day to honor the native cultures that were impacted by European colonization.In conclusion,Christopher Columbuss voyages were a pivotal moment in history, shaping the course of global exploration and cultural exchange.His story serves as a reminder of the complex and often tragic consequences of human ambition and the importance of understanding and respecting diverse cultures.。
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• Four items to be evidenced from the list of options below*. At least one must be from each of the three lists and at least one of the four must be to Level 3 in a core competency from the chosen APC pathway :
APC Final Assessment Portfolio
APC Final Assessment
Interview
RICS accredited degree
OR A surveying related higher degree
At application, a holder of an RICS accredited degree must have undertaken academic activities relevant to the profession over a three year period. (The three years can be a total, not necessarily continuous ie in ‘one block’)
APC. Pre-degree • experience can
count
Supervisor/Counsellor •
48 hours’ professional
development over the
•
structured training period
Record of professional development over last 12 months Critical analysis (3 000 words)
Part-time and placement year
competency
• Logbook
students may enrol on to the APC during the final year of study or the placement year. At least 12 of the 24 months’ structured training must be completed after graduating. *
• 3 000 word statement that documents the relevance of the portfolio to the profession and how this has been applied to the chosen APC pathway.
• Lifelong learning records for the previous 12 months, consistent with the RICS rules of conduct
• ‘Signed off’ mandatory and technical • 60 minute interview
achievement records
including 10 minute
• Lifelong learning records for the
presentation on critical
Issue Date: 24 April 2009
RICS Routes to Membership
Eduards
Academic Route
RICS
Academic / Professional Qualifications
Relevant Prior Experience
10 years’ surveying experience, at least two years of which must be since graduation or since attaining professional membership, and now in a senior industry position
RICS
Academic / Professional Qualifications
Experience and Seniority
Management Competencies
A surveying related first degree
OR
Relevant professional (degree equivalent) membership
Teaching options – at least one from this list • Post graduate teaching qualification • Successful mentoring of research students • Course leadership and development
training
achievement records
The 12 months’ structured
experience
• Regular meetings with • Logbook
training must be completed after before starting
graduating. *
previous 12 months, consistent with
analysis
the RICS rules of conduct
• Testing on professional
• Critical analysis (3 000 words)
practice/ethics
• Record detailing the relevant
• Testing on professional practice/ethics
Graduate 3 RICS accredited degree
At least 10 years’ relevant experience before starting APC. Pre-degree experience can count
technical and mandatory skills
required by the APC pathway
(submitted to RICS at application)
* Those undertaking an accredited postgraduate degree part-time may enrol on to the APC and complete the structured training concurrently. They must have graduated from their degree course before being eligible to take final assessment.
Education and Qualification Standards
RICS Routes to Membership
Graduate Route
RICS
Academic/Professional Relevant Prior APC Structured Training
APC Final Assessment
60 minute interview based on portfolio of evidence with a 10 minute presentation on one item to demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the mandatory, core and optional competencies of the chosen APC pathway in the context of teaching and research, as well as of professional practice, research ethics and professional ethics
APC Final Assessment Interview
• 60 minute interview including 10 minute presentation on critical analysis
• Testing on professional practice/ethics
• 60 minute interview including 10 minute presentation on critical analysis
OR
An applicant who does not have an RICS accredited degree but has a surveying related higher degree, must have undertaken academic activities over a three year period on a course that is now accredited. (The three years can be a total, not necessarily continuous ie in ‘one block’)
External Engagement – at least one from this list • Engagement with employers • Consultancy activities • Engagement with professional organisation
* All published work presented must have been published / completed within the three years and prior to Final Assessment Interview. It must be of a quality that is recognised nationally in terms of its originality, significance, rigour and contribution to research and / or policy agendas.