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外研社杯国才杯2018阅读大赛决赛第三场

外研社杯·国才杯·2018年阅读大赛复赛第三场Questions1-3(Suggested completion time:3minutes)Directions:Read the following excerpts and match the book name with each excerpt.Please note there are two extra options.A.The Social ContractB.The RepublicC.To the LighthouseD.The Call of the WildE.The Moon and Sixpence 1.If we were seeking for a piece of gold,you would not imagine that we were“knocking under to one another,”and so losing our chance of finding it.And why,when we are seeking for justice,a thing more precious than many pieces of gold,do you say that we are weakly yielding to one another and not doing our utmost to get at the truth?2.What is the meaning of life?That was all—a simple question;one that tended to close in on one with years.The great revelation had never come.The great revelation perhaps never did come.Instead there were little daily miracles,illuminations,matches struck unexpectedly in the dark.3.Each one of us is alone in the world.He is shut in a tower of brass,and can communicate with his fellows only by signs,and the signs have no common value,so that their sense is vague and uncertain.Question4(Suggested completion time:2minutes)Directions:Read the text and answer the question according to the text.Accuracy in timekeeping is measured by how precisely the length of each“tick”matches the length of every other“tick”.Theatomic clock’s form of timekeeping is so accurate that our current definition of what a“second”is comes from the best atomicclocks currently around—cesium atomic clocks.Scientists measure clock accuracy by their level of systematic uncertainty,whichis a type of error rate.The Germans’single-ion clock kicks the atomic clock’s timekeeping butt on that score.Its systematic uncertainty is3x10-18.That’s100times better than a cesium atomic clock,an accuracy that scientists have been trying to attain since physicist Hans Dehmeltsaid it was possible back in1981.4.What can we know from the text?A)The cesium atomic clock has an error rate of3x10-18.C)Best atomic clocks boost perfect systematic certainty.B)The single-ion clock is currently the most accurate in timekeeping.D)The length of each clock tick defines what a“second”is.Question5(Suggested completion time:2minutes)Directions:Read the text and answer the question according to the text.Everyone has unwelcome thoughts from time to time.But such intrusions can signal serious psychiatricconditions—from“flashbacks”in post-traumatic stress disorder to obsessive negative thinking indepression to hallucinations in schizophrenia.“These are some of the most debilitating symptoms,”saysneuroscientist Michael Anderson at the University of Cambridge.New research led by Anderson and neuroscientist Taylor Schmitz,now at McGill University,suggests thesesymptoms may all stem from a faulty brain mechanism responsible for blocking thoughts.Researchersstudying this faculty usually focus on the prefrontal cortex,a control center that directs the activity of otherbrain regions.But Anderson and his colleagues noticed that conditions featuring intrusive thoughts—suchas schizophrenia—often involve increased activity in the hippocampus,an important memory region.Theseverity of symptoms such as hallucinations also increases with this elevated activity.5.What can we learn from Anderson’s research?A)Some mental disorders have debilitating symptoms.C)Intrusive thoughts are dangerous but can be controlled.B)Prefrontal cortex is mainly responsible for psychiatric diseases.D)Unwanted thoughts involve elevated activity in the hippocampus.Question6(Suggested completion time:2minutes)Directions:Read the text and answer the question according to the text.Being an expert in one thing doesn’t mean having to become an expert in everything,and loving science doesn’t have to mean lots of time spent alone.As kids,kitchen experiments and basement engineering projects can mean time with friends instead of time away from them.As adults,a career in STEM(Science,Technology,Engineering,and Mathematics)can mean getting to work with all kinds of different experts to see what you can do as a team.While a single bad grade or a confusing experience with chemistry can easily convince a kid that they aren’t cut out for science,imagining STEM careers as lonely futures can convince kids that they wouldn’t have wanted to do it anyway.But entering the world of STEM is far from isolating;it means becoming part of a broad network of people with shared interests and experiences.6.What does the writer say about a career in STEM?A)It is far from being boring and isolating.C)It doesn’t require good grades and talent.B)It doesn’t need people to become an expert.D)It means spending a lot of time alone.Question7(Suggested completion time:2minutes)Directions:Read the text and answer the question according to the text.Researchers believe Mars once had a liquid core,as evidenced by the magnetism this generated and which is still retained in many of the planet’s rocks.Whether any of that ancient fluid persists is something InSight(a mission to Mars launched by the American space agency NASA)will test by using radio equipment to observe how Mars shifts on its axis of rotation.“If you take a raw egg and a cooked egg and you spin them,they wobble differently because of the distribution of liquid in the interior,”explained InSight’s deputy project scientist,Dr. Suzanne Smrekar.“So by tracking our spacecraft very precisely,we’re able to see how Mars wobbles and that really tells us a lot of information about the core of Mars.”7.How will researchers test whether there is a liquid core on Mars?A)By observing how Mars rotates.C)By spinning different eggs on the planet.B)By modeling its rotating orbit.D)By detecting its magnetism.Question8(Suggested completion time:2minutes)Directions:Read the text and answer the question according to the text.It’s easy to feel enticed by an airline or a hotel loyalty program.After all,who wouldn’t want a free flight,a room upgrade or other lucrative benefits?The catch—as any program loyalist can attest to—is that maximizing travel rewards can be challenging.While it’s often easy to join a program,attaining meaningful perks and rewards may come with a string of caveats.So how can you tell if a program is worth your time and effort?To create the sixth annual rankings,U.S.News editors evaluated each loyalty program based on key attributes that everyday travelers value,such as the size and diversity of each airline or hotel network and how quickly you can accumulate enough miles or points to earn a free flight or hotel stay.Our rankings also take into account the number of ways you can use rewards and the added benefits you receive as a member.8.Why does the author pose the question at the end of the first paragraph?A)To challenge the reader into thinking about the possible answer.C)To arouse the reader’s interest and to summarize the main purpose.B)To serve as a reader guidance device and to signal the following subject.D)To include the reader in the discussion with the writer.Question9(Suggested completion time:2minutes)Directions:Read the text and answer the question according to the text.“Does being waitlisted count as half an acceptance?”“Literally got waitlisted everywhere.”“Being waitlisted from your top choice is the worst feeling.”Those are just some of the thoughts that high school seniors have tweeted.They’ve opened their mail—or,more likely,an online portal—to finally hear decisions from colleges.Butmany didn’t get one.The number of students placed on college waiting lists has climbed in recent years,leaving students hoping for the best—even when they might not have any reason to hope at all.9.What does the writer imply about being waitlisted by colleges?A)It is hard for colleges to make the decision.C)It is equivalent to a conditioned acceptance.B)It offers the best hope of admission.D)It does not necessarily lead to admission.Question10(Suggested completion time:5minutes)Directions:The figure shows power generation from renewable energies in UK from2015to2018,categorized by quarters and types of energy.Answer the question according to the information in the figure.Source:UK government report Energy Trends.Note:TWh:terawatt hour;1TWh=109kilowatt hour10.Which of the following is an INCORRECT description about the figure?A)Generally,electricity power generated by tidal energy remained the lowest from2015to2018.B)In2017,the amount of power generated by bioenergy keeps decreasing,but startsto increase from the beginning of2018.C)In2016,onshore wind takes the place of bioenergy,becoming the main powersource generated by renewable energies.D)Among all types of renewable energies,bioenergy occupies the largest portion in2015,while the two smallest in portion are tidal energy and hydro energy.Question11(Suggested completion time:4minutes)Directions:Read the following definition of a logical fallacy.Answer the question according to the definition.Post-DesignationIt refers to drawing a conclusion from correlations observed in a given sample,but only after the sample has already been drawn,and without declaring in advance what correlations the experimenter was expecting to find.11.Which of the following provides a typical example of Post-Designation?A)In looking at the records of my students,I have found that9out of10are an onlychild of their family.Therefore,society is moving towards one-child families.C)Everybody has a brain.Therefore,there is a single brain we all share.B)A parent says that the teacher doesn’t know how to teach because she graduated from a community college.D)You claim to know David but you must be lying.You admitted you didn’t know the hooded man over there in the corner,but the hooded man is David.Question12(Suggested completion time:4minutes)Directions:Read the following definition of a logical fallacy.Answer the question according to the example.Lying with StatisticsAlso known as Statistical Fallacy,it refers to an entire class of fallacies that result in presenting statistical data in a very biased way,and interpreting statistics without questioning the methods behind collecting and presenting the data.12.Which of the following provides a typical example of Lying with Statistics?A)Of course we should buy IBM’s computers whenever we need new computers.Up till now we’ve bought tens of thousands IBMs.C)Since they have asked dozens of questions concerning the topics discussed in class, the students are ready for a test.B)Did you see that bar graph in USA Today?It showed a HUGE spike in the moral decline of our country!D)What she says about Johannes Kepler’s astronomy of the1600s must be just so much garbage.Do you realize she’s only fifteen years old?Questions13-14Reasoning(Suggested completion time:10minutes)Wine is made by crushing grapes and eventually separating the juice from the grape skins.However,the separated juice contains impurities and many wineries do not filter the juice.These wineries claim the unfiltered juice ultimately produces a more flavorful and intense wine.Since these wine makers are experts,we should trust their judgment and not shy away from unfiltered wine.13.Which of the following,if true,most strongly supports the conclusion above?A)Some drinkers believe that cloudy wine is suspect—badly kept or the dog-end of the barrel that is going to make you sick.C)Not only is unfiltered wine natural and environmentally friendly,it is also vegan-friendly and some claim that it has health benefits,too.B)The development of wine-making craft helps keep the grape’s original flavor and nutrition.D)Wine consumers drink with their eyes and,for many wine enthusiasts,opaque wine just doesn’t look right.The rapid diminishment of the ecosystem of the Amazon threatens the entire planet.Consequently,we must take immediate steps to convince the Brazilian government that planned development projects need to be curtailed for the simple reason that these development projects will greatly accelerate the loss of currently protected land.14.Which of the following,if true,most seriously weakens the argument above?A)Wetlands help prevent soil erosion and can both remove greenhouse gases from the Earth’s atmosphere and store them.C)So far there is much evidence of the lately built dam that contributes to the bio-balance.B)Brazil’s meat industry,as is the case with much of the world’s beef sector,is highly inefficient:The average head of cattle needs one hectare.D)Planned development projects may endanger the biological diversity of the ecosystem and increase the risk of flooding.Questions15-17(Suggested completion time:7minutes)Directions:Read the text about math education.Answer the questions according to the text.In recent years,the common wisdom has been that girls are dominating when it comes to academic achievement.In reading in particular,girls have consistently outperformed boys.Some studies have also found that in a typical U.S.school district,girls have all but caught up in math—a subject in which they had historically underperformed and from which they’d been discouraged thanks to persistent stereotypes about their academic interests.Take away the burden of challenging stereotypes and discriminatory beliefs and practices,the thinking goes, and girls will do just as well as boys in the STEM fields.But now,a new study by a team of researchers led by the Stanford education professor Sean Reardon finds that girls’dominance in school isn’t the case across demographics.Yes,the study confirms:Overall,in the average U.S.school district,girls and boys are performing about the same in math.But the study finds that in communities in which most families are affluent and white,and in which adult men far outearn women in income,girls continue to lag behind their male peers in math achievement.In some of these districts,boys on average outperformed girls in math by two-fifths of a grade level.Described as the most comprehensive analysis of its kind to date,and drawing from roughly260million standardized-test scores from close to10,000U.S.school districts,the study looked at data from seven school years,starting in the fall of2008.Overall the analysis found that,while girls maintain their edge in reading regardless of their geographic location,they either tend to significantly outperform or significantly lag behind boys in math.“We set out saying that some districts are going to have more stereotypical gender achievement gaps—larger math gaps favoring boys,larger reading gaps favoring girls—and others that are maybe less stereotypical,”said Erin Fahle,who co-authored the study and earns her Ph.D.in education policy from Stanford in June,2018.“Instead what we found was that districts tend to advantage boys or advantage girls.”At the other end of the affluence spectrum,a near-opposite phenomenon is playing out:In poor communities of color,namely those where families are predominantly black or Latino,girls on average outperformed boys in math by one-fifth of a grade level,in addition to significantly outperforming them in reading.The new study lends credence to claims that boys in low-income black or Hispanic districts deserve some of the closest attention as policymakers,educators,and parents strive to eliminate gender disparities.“We focus so much on female children’s opportunities in STEM,which is really important and has a large potential economic consequence,”Fahle said.“But we also have to realize that boys’opportunities are constrained by gender,too.”15.Which of the following is NOT a stereotype of girls?A)Girls have greater academic achievements than boys.C)Girls have not as much interest in math as boys.B)Girls lag behind boys in math achievement.D)Girls are more proficient in reading than boys.16.What can we learn about the new study by Stanford?A)Boys in rich white families tend to underperform girls in math.C)Girls still take a lead over boys in reading across the country.B)Girls’advantage over boys in math varies from place to place.D)It’s the longest continual study of this kind ever conducted.17.What can be inferred from the findings of the new study by Stanford?A)Gender disparities have received too much unnecessary attention.C)The potential economic result of girls’opportunities deserves consideration.B)It’s really important to get rid of all forms of race and gender disparities.D)Boys and girls should be given equal attention in academic opportunities.Questions18-20(Suggested completion time:7minutes)Directions:Read the text about the English accent.Answer the questions according to the text.People often talk about the English language as if it is a thing to keep pretty—a petticoat that might be sullied by the spread of glottal stops,text-speak or slang.The latest to weigh in is the writer and critic Jonathan Meades,in a column mourning the decline of Received Pronunciation(RP).Meades argues that the accent—also known as the Queen’s English or BBC English—should be regarded as“a sort of glue,a force for uniting the country”and“celebrated as a tool of social mobility”.The term RP has murky origins,but it is regarded as the accent of those with power,influence,money and a fine education—and was adopted as a standard by the BBC in1922.Today,it is used by2%of the population.The idea that an accent should facilitate or hinder a person’s success is,of course,distasteful,but entirely true:the powerful elite will recoil from those who sound different from them;those who sound different feel out of place and unwelcome.My own accent is slightly confusing.People are frequently surprised to learn that I come from Lancashire and went to my local comprehensive—save for the flat vowels of,say,“bath”and“laugh”,I don’t have much northernness.Often,people assume that I deliberately modified my accent when I went to Oxford,joined The Guardian or started presenting for the BBC,but these people were never party to my school years,where I was teased mercilessly for sounding“posh”and like a“snob”.The truth is a little plainer:my mum was the esteemed winner of the elocution prize at her school in Wigan in the1960s and when my brother and I were growing up she continually corrected our speech,spurred,I imagine,by the fear that unless we spoke“properly”we wouldn’t go anywhere.The world has changed since then,and it’s a world I like better.The voices we hear on the radio and TV and in positions of power are slowly shifting and this gladdens me.I would be lying if I said that the RP tinges of my accent have not helped me move through the world,but also I know that my shades of Lancastrian have helped,too—at times,each has given me something to push against;at others,it is my support.Perhaps these days we are seeing not so much a decline in RP as a growing accent fluidity.True social mobility should allow us to move in all directions;to know and welcome all people,to speak and listen to everyone.Surely that,Mr.Meades,should be our glue;our force for uniting the country?18.Why was the author laughed at in her school years?A)The author couldn’t pronounce the word“posh”accurately.C)The author spoke with a Received Pronunciation accent.B)The author had a pronounced Lancashire accent.D)The author modified her accent on purpose.19.What is the author’s attitude towards the fate that RP may be dying out?A)Sentimental.B)Long-expected.C)Indifferent.D)Nostalgic.20.Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?A)The author agrees with Mr.Meades’remark on the function of Received Pronunciation.C)The author’s mother has played an important role in helping her speak with an RP accent.B)Received Pronunciation is now only used by a tiny fraction of the population.D)The author’s RP accent has assumed both positive and negative functions in her life. Questions21-23(Suggested completion time:7minutes)Directions:Read the text about smartphone sensors.Answer the questions according to the text.Consider everything your smartphone has done for you today.Counted your steps?Deposited a check?Transcribednotes?Navigated you somewhere new?Smartphones make for such versatile pocket assistants because they’re equipped with a suite of sensors,includingsome we may never think—or even know—about,sensing,for example,light,humidity,pressure andtemperature.Because smartphones have become essential companions,those sensors probably stayed close by throughout yourday:the car cup holder,your desk,the dinner table and nightstand.If you’re like the vast majority of smartphone users,the phone’s screen may have been black,but the device was probably on the whole time.“Sensors are finding their ways into every corner of our lives,”says Maryam Mehrnezhad,a computer scientist at Newcastle University in England.That’s a good thing when phones are using their observational dexterity to do our bidding.But the plethora of highly personal information that smartphones are privy to also makes them powerful potential spies.Online app store Google Play has already discovered apps abusing sensor access.Google recently booted20apps from Android phones and its app store because the apps could—without the user’s knowledge—record with the microphone,monitor a phone’s location,take photos,and then extract the data.Stolen photos and sound bites(a brief recorded statement broadcast especially on a television news program)pose obvious privacy invasions.But even seemingly innocuous sensor data can potentially broadcast sensitive information.A smartphone’s movement may reveal what users are typing or disclose their whereabouts.Even barometer readings that subtly shift with increased altitude could give away which floor of a building you’re standing on,suggests Ahmed Al-Haiqi,a security researcher at the National Energy University in Kajang,Malaysia.These sneaky intrusions may not be happening in real life yet,but concerned researchers in academia and industry are working to head off eventual invasions.Some scientists have designed invasive apps and tested them on volunteers to shine a light on what smartphones can reveal about their owners.Other researchers are building new smartphone security systems to help protect users from myriad real and hypothetical privacy invasions,from stolen PIN codes to stalking.21.Which statement is NOT true according to the text?A)It is sensors that make smartphones our versatile assistants.C)Sensors stop working only when smartphones are not in use.B)Sensors are serving every aspect of our daily life.D)There are many unknown sensors in our smartphones.22.The word booted in Paragraph5is closest in meaning to________.A)ingested B)installed C)removed D)recalled23.Why did some scientists design and test invasive apps?A)They aimed to develop new security systems for smartphones.C)They wanted to stop privacy from being leaked through smartphones.B)They strove to learn how to distinguish invasive apps from others.D)They attempted to protect the whereabouts of smartphone users.Questions24-27(Suggested completion time:9minutes)Directions:Read the text and answer the questions according to the text.Your skin is your largest organ and a crucial part of several bodily functions.Not only is it the flexible,self-healing barrier that supports the immune system,but it’s also part of the integumentary system,the network of dead epidermal cells―hair,fingernails and toenails―that helps slough off cellular waste material.Sweat glands in the skin also play active roles in the excretory system,or the organs and glands that flush out toxins and excess minerals from the body.Dead skin cells are a form of bodily waste that facilitates the growth of new epidermal cells.Every minute,you lose30,000to40,000dead skin cells,all of which are replaced immediately by fresh skin tissue.The body does an excellent job of sloughing off skin cells through normal activity,but regular bathing is definitely a plus.You don’t need to exfoliate,or remove dead skin cells with special cleansers or washcloths,to get rid of dead skin waste,but beauty experts believe you should for a healthier complexion. However,dermatologists(皮肤病专家)warn against overexfoliation,which can leave skin raw,red and vulnerable to bacteria.Sweating is another way that skin helps remove waste from the body,but it’s not as effective as sauna lovers might think.The chief role of sweat is thermoregulation,cooling us off when exercise or high temperatures cause our internal mercury to rise.The negligible detoxifying benefits of sweat are simply a side effect of this cooling process.Most of us come with two types of sweat glands:eccrine glands and apocrine glands.Eccrine glands cover the majority of your body and are responsible for the cooling effect of sweating. Eccrine sweat is almost entirely water with a little salt and potassium,but it also contains trace amounts of ammonia,uric acid and urea―all waste byproducts of the body’s metabolism of nitrogen.Since sweat is associated with body odor,you might think that that foul stench has something to do with the toxins and bodily waste flushed out by sweating.But that’s not the case.The liver and kidneys―with help from the rest of the urinary system and digestive system―do99percent of the heavy lifting when it comes to ridding the body of waste,toxic or otherwise. Only tiny amounts of toxins and waste products,like the ammonia and urea mentioned above,are found in sweat.Sweat itself has no odor.The smelly effect is the fault of apocrine glands located in the groin,armpits and other hairy body parts.These glands produce sweat that’s rich with fatty proteins. Apocrine sweat is still odorless,but bacteria colonies in these warm,moist areas metabolize the proteins,creating that famously foul smell.24-26Decide whether the following statements are True or False according to the text.24.Dermatologists disagree with beauty experts concerning how to remove dead skin cells with special cleansers or washcloths.A)True.B)False.25.Sauna lovers make use of sweating to remove body wastes.A)True.B)False.26.The smelly odor of sweat is not caused by toxins and waste products in sweat but by fatty proteins.A)True.B)False.27.What is the best title for the text?A)Do You Really Know Your Skin?C)Things Dermatologists Didn’t Tell YouB)How Does Your Skin Eliminate Waste?D)The Secrets and Misconceptions of SweatingQuestions28-30(Suggested completion time:7minutes)Directions:Read the following news and answer the questions according to the news.The number of calls to fire crews to help lift obese people from their homes has more than doubled in five years,figures revealed on July15,2018.In2017firefighters were called out909 times to help move morbidly obese patients,compared to426times in2012.Between2012and2017,the latest figures available show there were3,873callouts made to help the immobile and overweight in Britain.One patient who had to be moved weighed60stones(about381kilograms),according to West Midlands fire chiefs.Campaigners say the figures are draining already overstretched fire services and are further proof that the Government urgently needs to get a grip on the spiraling obesity crisis.Dispatching a fire engine is thought to cost in the region of£400,meaning such callouts may have cost more than£1.4million since2012.Tam Fry,chairman of the National Obesity Forum,a charity which raises awareness in Britain,said:“The rise comes as no surprise.It’s not only a drain but the fire service is there to put out fires and each time they are called to an emergency rescue of an obese person they are away from doing their proper job.It will be truly awful if some overweight person is responsible for diverting a fire crew from their day job.The rescues have been building up steadily for the last15years and will continue to do so until we have a proper obesity strategy delivered by the Government.The fall,if any,______28______for another10years because of the huge number of people who are being increasingly affected by morbid obesity.”The figures,which were released following Freedom of Information requests,might be even higher because only42of the52fire services in Britain responded.One obesity victim,John Morris,was twice hoisted from his home by firefighters for medical treatment following a fall.The25st.cafe boss was lifted50ft out of his home in Aberystwyth, west Wales.Paramedics said John,then69,was too big to be carried down the stairs.They were forced to call in a fire brigade high ladder to get him out and to a hospital.John’s route to the waiting ambulance swung him out over a pub where regulars gathered outside to watch.28.Which of the following most logically fills in the blank?A)assumes massive proportions C)brings a favorable turnB)will solve the problem D)will probably not take place29.What is the meaning of the word hoisted?A)elevated B)ousted C)dragged D)held30.Which is the best title for the news?A)Fire service to be banned from rescuing obese people C)UK’s pressure in fighting against obesity mountingB)Firefighters’new job in the UK:Be the help of the obese D)Heavy toll on firefighters as call-outs to move the obese soar。

2016外研社杯阅读大赛南昌大学选拔赛题

The family is the cen ter of most traditi onal Asia ns' lives. Many people worryabout their families' welfare, reputation, and honor. Asian families are often 1 ____ , including several generations related by 2 __ o r marriage living in the same home. An Asia n pers on's misdeeds are not blamed just on the in dividual but also on the family--i ncludi ng the dead 3 ________ .Traditi onal Chin ese, among many other Asia ns, respect their elders and feel adeep sense of duty 4 __ them. Childre n repay their pare nts' 5 __ by being successful and support ing them in old age. This is accepted as a 6 _ part of life in China. 7 ___ , taking care of the aged parents is often viewed as a tremendous 8 ____ i n the United States, where aging and family support are not 9 _______ highly. 10 ____ , in the youth-orie nted Un ited States, grow ing old is see n as a bad thing and many oldpeople do not receive respect.Pilip inos, the most America ni zed of the Asia ns, are 11 ________ extremelyfamily-oriented. They are 12 __ t o helping their children and will sacrifice greatly for their children to get an education. 13___ , the children are devoted to their parents,who ofte n live n earby. Grow n childre n who leave the country for econo mic reas ons 14 __ send large parts of their in come home to their pare nts.The Viet namese family 15 __ people curre ntly 16 __ as well as the spirits of thedead and of the as-yet unborn. Any 17 ______ or actions are done from familycon siderati ons, not in dividual desires. People's behavior is judged 18 _ whether itbrings shame or pride to the family. The Viet namese do not particularly believe in self-relianee; in this way, they are the 19 _______ o f people in the United States. Many Viet namese thi nk that their acti ons in this life will in flue nce their 20 in the n extlife.1. A. en largedB. exte ndedC. expa ndedD. le ngthe ned 2. B. i nteractio n C. blood11. A. meanwhile B. furthermore C. however3. A. pion eer4. A. toward5. A Jon tributi ons6. A. formal7. A. In comparis on8. A. relief9. A. rewardedB. settlers B. sufferi ngs B. n atural B. To the same exte nt B. resp on sibility B. honoredC. immigra nt C. sacrifices C. regular C. I n a way C. burde n C. regardedD. an cestors D. tributes D. peculiar D. In con trast D. bus in ess D. complime nted 10. A. I n fact B. In return D. As a result12. A. confined B. dedicated C. corresponded D. exposed13. return B. In exchange C. In vain D. In turn14. A. occasionally B. intentionally C. typically D. steadily15. A. insists on B. consists of C. persists in D. resists to16. A. living B. lively C. alive17. A. incidences B. decisions C. accidents D. expedition18. A. by19. A. counterpart B. opposite C. competitor D. opponent20. A) station B. status C. stature D. StateOptimism is a good characteristic, but if carried to an excess it becomes foolishness. We are prone to speak of the resources of this country as inexhaustible; this is not so. The mineral wealth of the country , the coal, iron, oil, gas, and the like, does not reproduce itself and therefore is certain to be exhausted ultimately; and wastefulness in dealing with it today means that our descendants will feel the exhaustion a generation or two before they otherwise would. But there are certain other forms of waste which could be entirely stopped--the waste of soil by washing, for instance, which is among the most dangerous of all wastes now in progress in the United States, is easily preventable, so that this present enormous loss of fertility is entirely unnecessary. The preservation or replacement of the forests is one of the most important means of preventing this loss. We have made a beginning in forest preservation, but... So rapid has been the rate of exhaustion of timber in the United States in the past , and so rapidly is the remainder being exhausted, that the country is unquestionably on the verge of a timber famine which will be felt in every household in the land. The present annual consumption of lumber is certainly three times as great as the growth; and if the consumption and growth continue unchanged, practically all our lumber will be exhausted in another generation, while long before the limit to complete exhaustion is reached the growing scarcity will make itself felt in many blighting ways upon our national welfare. About twenty percent of our forested territory is now reserved in national forests; but these do not include the most valuable timberland, and in any event the proportion is too small to expect that the reserves can accomplish more than a mitigation of the trouble which is ahead for the nation.21. The author of the passage is likely to be a(n) ___ .22. According to the passage waste may be categorized into ____ .and unrecycled by-products, vegetable,and mineral productsand infertile wastesand non-preventable exhaustion of resources23. It may be inferred that the author of the passage views the exhaustion of American ' s n-orneproductive wealth as ___________ .24. The author is most concerned about the exhaustion of lumber as a resource because _____ .A. optimism prevents him from taking any actionB. it is being consumed faster than it can be grownC. soil erosion cannot be preventedD. forest preservation is an intense public concern25. According to the passage the author feels that national forests ___ .A. are an unnecessary bureaucratic expenseB. are not created out of the best timberlandC. create a healthy environment for American recreationD. are holding their own against soil erosionPassage TwoTierra del FUego is the end of the world. In geographical terms, it might just be. It is a small triangle of land that sits at the bottom of South America. The name means “ Land of Fire ” . It was given the name by a famous explorer who saw the natives on the shore. The island is shared by Argentina and Chile. Tierra del Fuego is notable for its unique geography.However, the land is anything but fire. It rests at the southernmost tip of South America. The average temperature for the year is 5C . In win ter, it gets much colder. Much of the temperature differences are due to altitude. Rivers of ice form on the Andes Mountains to the west. Cold rain and winds chill the flat lands on the north and the east.It is easy to talk about the land of Tierra del Fuego. The waters that surround it also are unique. They are perhaps the most important in the world. They are home to all kinds of birds. The albatross is the most well-known. There are also whales, squid, and many fish. For a few days in summer, huge schools of sardines move into this part of the world. The local people can simply walk into the water and catch them with shopping bags. Schools of fish are everywhere. They can be caught without bait. These fish are of huge economic value to locals and to the world.Tierra del Fuego is a rare place. In such a small space, it contains varied land features:mountains, forests,and prairies. Two great oceansmeet on either side. This group of features makes it home to a huge range of wildfire. The land has very long days in summer and short days in winter. It is unique place on earth . The word“ notable ” in the passage is closest in the meaning to ________________26. The word “ altitude ” ianstshaegep is closest in meaning to ___27. According to the passage, all of the following are true except ___land is an islandocean is nearbyplace is home to wildlifeland was set on fire28. According to the passage , why are the waters unique?A. The people catch fish with shopping bagsB. Many types of sea life and birds come hereC. The water is great for drinkingD. The ice has good nutritional properties29. The author uses huge schools of sardines as an example of which of the following?A. What the inhabitants like to catchB. How people catch fishC. Fish that come to the islandD. Birds that come to the islandpsychologists have long argued about the relative importance of genetics and environment in determining human intelligence--an issue that is sometimes referred to as the "nature vs. Nurture ” debate.One reason that this question is hard to resolve is that many obstacles stand in the way of researchers who seek to investigate the effects of early childhood environment. Because the presumed environmental effects occur over a long period of time, it obviously would be impractical to conduct experiments in the laboratory. Moreover, ethical considerations ordinarily keep researchers from manipulating the real-life environment of a child.In the classic 1966 study by Harold M. Skeels, however, these obstacles wereovercome because the researcher was able to find and make use of an "experiment in nature". Skeels' study began by chance during the 1930's when he was serving as a psychologist for the state of Iowa. Among his duties was the psychological testing of young children in an orphanage . One day he examined two baby girls who had been legally committed to the orphanage because their mothers, who were each mentally retarded, had neglected them. The girls were emaciated and pitifully inactive, spe nding their days rock ing and whi ning (t A). Skeels found that,although there was no evidence of physical defects, the girls showed the mental development of children less than half their ages; the 16-month-old had a level of seven months; the 13-month-old had a level of six months. In those days, psychologists generally regarded intelligence as a genetically determined characteristic that was relatively fixed at birth. The two little girls were given up as unadoptable and, two months later, they were transferred to the Glenwood State school, an institution for the mentally retarded.Six months after the transfer, Skeels visited the two little girls at Glenwood. He scarcely recognized them. They were alert, smiling, and active. Skeels tested them again and found to his astonishment that they were now approaching normal mental development for their age. Subsequent tests when the girls were about three years of age confirmed their progress.What could explain the remarkable changes in their behavior and mental development? Skeels concluded that the change in environment had to be responsible. The orphanage where the girls spent their early months was understaffed and overcrowded. Much of the time, the young children were confined to large cribs with very little chance for human interaction. At Glenwood, by contrast, the two little girls had a homelike environment, rich in affection and interesting experiences. They lived in a ward with women ranging in age from 18 to 50 (mental age from 5 to 9) who, in effect, "adopted" them. They also received a lot of affection and attention from attendants and nurses who bought them toys and picture books and took them out for excursions.All of this gave Skeels the idea for a bold experiment. He convinced the administrators of the orphanage to transfer 10 more children to the Glenwood State School, pointing out that there was nothing to lose as the children all seemed destined for mental retardation in any case. His experimental group consisted of 13 children ?the two little girls who had transferred earlier, a third girl who had been transferred at about the same time, and the ten new transfers. Ali were under three years of age, and all had been certified as retarded. Their IQ scores ranged from 35 to 89 with a mean of 65. The progress of this experimental group at Glenwood was measured against that of acomparison group of 12 children who remained at the orphanage. The comparison group was considerably closer to average intelligence, with a mean IQ of 87.The contrasts between the two different environments? the drab, sterile orphanage and the lively, stimulating mental institution--became even more marked as the children grew older. At the orphanage, there was little stimulation. Those children over two years old lived in cottages where one matron, aided by three or four untrained girls, had charge of 30 to 35 boys and girls. The cottages were so crowded that the children had to be tightly regimented. At age six, they attended the orphanage elementary school. Later, they were sent to public junior high school where there were few opportunities for individual attention and where they quickly fell behind in their work.Meanwhile, at Glenwood, the transfers from the orphanage had a much more active and lively life. They were "adopted" by adults--attendants as well as the mentally retarded residents. Each child thus had the opportunity for an intense one-to-one emotional relationship with an older person. The children could often play outdoors on tricycles, swings and other equipment. And at the school at Glenwood, the matron in charge singled out children in need of special attention, allowing them to spend stimulating time each day visiting her office.After several months, Skeels tested the children in the experimental and comparison groups. The 13 children in the enriched environment at Glenwood showed an average gain in IQ of points and 3 of the children gained over 45 points. In contrast, the 12 children in the deprived environment at the orphanage showed a decline in average IQ of points.Even more impressive were the results of the follow-up study conducted by Skeels 21 years later. All 13 children in the Glenwood experimental group--11 of whom had been placed for adoption--were self-supporting. In the comparison group, four were still wards of institutions and one had died. The median education level in the experimental group was the twelfth grade, in the comparison group less than the third grade. In the experimental group, subjects held jobs ranging from professional and business occupations to domestic service. Comparison group members who were not in stituti on alized(')A'A) ten ded to have low-level jobs.Skeels' study had one methodological shortcoming: there was no way in which he could completely rule out possible innate differences in his subjects. That is, there may have been some degree to which the 13 children who were transferred to Glenwood had a higher level of intelligence than those who remained behind. Nonetheless, Skeels' study provides extremely persuasive evidence--in the short run and over aperiod of more than two decades--for early environment as a powerful force in the shaping of intelligence.31. The author begins the article with ____ .A. a controversial opinion about environmental influence on human intelligenceB. a concise definition of the term "nature vs. nurture"general remark about a much talked about issue known as the "nature vs. nurture" debateD. an introduction to a new approach to the investigation of genetic and environmental effectsterm "experiment in nature" can best be interpreted as ____ .A. (an) experiment that chanced to happen in natureB. (an) experiment that was conducted without basically changing the subjects' real-life environment or doing any possible harm to themC. (an) experiment that developed naturally without any researcher's interferenceD. none of the above33. From the article, we know for sure the following facts except that___.A. Skeels decided to perform an experiment on the effects of environment when he was asked to do psychological tests on the young children in an orphanageB. the two baby girls were officially sent to the orphanage becausetheir mothers, mentally retarded, could not provide them with care and protectionC. Skeels, like most psychologists of his day, tended to believe that intelligence was only genetically determined, almost fixed at birthD. affection and attention of the home-like environment in the Glenwood State School, an institution for the mentally retarded, brought about surprising changes in the two little girls34. For what reas on does the author describe the Glen wood State School as a "lively,stimulating mental institution" with an "enriched environment"?A. The childre n there had good opport un ities to build up emoti onal relati on ship with older pers ons, staff members or men tally retarded reside nts.childre n there could participate in a variety of outdoor activities.childre n who n eeded special atte nti on were better take n care of.D. All of the above.35. “ Thecottage were so crowded that the children had to be tightly regimented”Can you figure out the meaning of the un derl ined expressi on from the con text?A.strictly discipli ned arran gedcon trolled orga ni zedthe con text we may figure out that the expressi on "wards of in stituti ons" meansA. pers ons who had to stay in certa in places for special care and protecti onB. stude nts who were study ing at orpha nage schoolsC. kids who were committed to hospitals for medical careD. people who were disabled or men tally retarded37. What was the strik ing differe nee betwee n childre n in the experime ntal group and those in the comparis on group?an institution for children's mental development, the orphanage wasinferior to the Gle nwood State School main ly in that39. The author ends his article with the conclusion40. According to the text, this study of Skeels' lasts _____________________.41. Obviously the author takes a very ____________ attitude to Skeels' study.Fields across Europe are contaminated with dangerous levels of the antibiotics give n to farm ani mals. The drugs, which are in manure sprayed on to fields as fertilizers, could be gett ing in to our food and water, helpi ng to create a new generation of antibiotic-resistant "superbugs ” .The warning comes from a researcher in Switzerland who looked at levels of the drugs in farm slurry. 42 ________ . Some 20,000 tons antibiotics are used in the European Union and the US each year. More than half are given to farm-animals to prevent disease and promote growth. 43 ____ . Most researchersassumed that humans become infected with the resistant strains by eating contaminated meat. But far more of the drugs end up in manure than in meat products, says Stephen Mueller of the Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technology in Dubendorf. 44 ___ . With millions of tons animals manure spread onto fields of crops such as wheat and barley each year, this pathway seemsan equally likely route for spreading resistance, he said. The drugs contaminate the crops, which are theneaten. 45 _______ . Mueller is particularly concerned about a group of antibiotics called sulphonamides. 46 ___ . This concentration is high enough to trigger the development of resistance among bacteria. But vets are not treating the issue seriously.There is growing concern at the extent to which drugs, including antibiotics, are polluting the environment. Many drugs given to humans are also excreted unchanged and broken down by conventional sewage treatment.A. They do not easily degrade or dissolve in water. His analysis found that Swiss farm manure contains a high percentage of sulphonamides; each hectare of field could be contaminated with up to 1 kilogram of the drugs.B. And manure contains especially high levels of bugs that are resistant to antibiotics, he says.C. Animal antibiotics is still an area to which insufficient attention has been paid.D. But recent research has found a direct link between the increased use of these farmyard drugs and the appearance of antibiotic-resistant bugs that infect people.E. His findings are particularly shocking because Switzerland is one of the few countries to have banned antibiotics as growth promoters in animal feed.F. They could also be leaching into tap water pumped from rocks beneath fertilized fields.G. There is no doubt that the food and drink is always important to the health.。

2019年“外研社杯”英语竞赛题详解

2019年“外研社杯”竞赛题详解2019年“外研社杯”中小学生英语能力测评高中E组卷一．单项选择1. 本题考察冠词用法。

the Chinese government意思是中国政府。

I wish to extendwarm congratulations to……本句表示祝贺，可作为固定句式进行背诵。

a hearty welcome意思是热烈欢迎。

2. 本题考察时态。

现在完成时是英语常用时态。

句意：因为多年未弹钢琴，因此现在无法为你弹奏。

3. 本题考察副词。

单个副词置于句首，可用于修饰全句，如suprisingly、fortunately等。

此题traditionally意思是传统地。

4. 本题考察非限制性定语从句。

5. 本题考察对比较级的否定表示最高级意义。

短语be content with意思是“对。

满意”。

Not a little的意思是very much。

I t couldn’t be any better.回答句，意思是不可能更好了，即非常好之意。

6. 本题将时态与语态结合进行考察。

时态与语态往往放在一起考察。

7. 本题考察情态动词。

Shall与时态结合，可以表示规则、规定的强制性要求。

本题意思是“根据校规，学生不得携带手机进入校园”。

8. 本题考察状语从句。

连接词even though引导让步状语从句，意思是“尽管”。

As if意思是“好像”，for fear that意思是“以免；生怕，唯恐”。

Now that意思是“既然”。

9. 本题考察短语。

Give preference over意思是“优先考虑”。

10. 本题考察宾语从句连接词。

what their parents are做know的宾语。

11. 本题考察代词。

根据上下文句意，选择one，意思是“一份报纸”。

在本句中，stand意思是货摊、售货亭。

12. 本题考察短语。

Be reduced to可以根据句意翻译为“沦为……”。

全国高职高专英语写作大赛复赛样题

全国高职高专英语写作大赛复赛样题集团标准化办公室：[VV986T-J682P28-JP266L8-68PNN]第六届“外研社杯”全国高职高专英语写作大赛公共英语组复赛样题National English Writing ContestFor Technical and Vocational College StudentsPart I (50 points)Directions: Weston Electronics Company, an important client of your company, is going to have a party to celebrate its fifth anniversary on the 10th of next month and you are invited to attend. Unfortunately you will be in another city on business then. Please write a letter （more than 100 words）to Mr. Williams, the manager of Weston to decline the invitation. The following points are for your reference: Express congratulationsExpress your thanksDecline the invitationExplain the reasonExpress your good wishesOther information you think necessaryPart II (50 points)Directions: The following chart is the results of a study by the World Health Organization into the major causes of death-related illness and diseases in the world in the year xxxx. Please read the chart and write a short report (more than 350 words) about the results.Note: heart disease心脏病 infectious and parasitic disease 感染与寄生虫疾病。

【可编辑】2016外研社杯阅读大赛南昌大学选拔赛题(1).doc

2016外研社杯-阅读大赛南昌大学选拔赛题(1)

The family is the center of most traditional Asians' lives. Many people worry about their families' welfare, reputation, and honor. Asian families are often 1___ , including several generations related by 2___ or marriage living in the same home. An Asian person's misdeeds are not blamed just on the individual but also on the family--including the dead 3___ .Traditional Chinese, among many other Asians, respect their elders and feel a deep sense of duty 4___ them. Children repay their parents' 5___ by being successful and supporting them in old age. This is accepted as a 6___ part of life in China. 7___, taking care of the aged parents is often viewed as a tremendous 8___ in the United States, where aging and family support are not 9___ highly. 10___, in the youth-oriented United States, growing old is seen as a bad thing and many old people do not receive respect.Pilipinos, the most Americanized of the Asians, are 11___ extremely family-oriented. They are 12___ to helping their children and will sacrifice greatly for their children to get an education. 13___ , the children are devoted to their parents, who often live nearby. Grown children who leave the country for economic reasons 14___ send large parts of their income home to their parents.The Vietnamese family 15___ people currently 16___ as well as the spirits of the dead and of the as-yet unborn. Any 17___ or actions are done from family considerations, not individual desires. People's behavior is judged 18___ whether it brings shame or pride to the family. The Vietnamese do not particularly believe in self-reliance; in this way,they are the 19___ of people in the United States. Many Vietnamese think that their actions in this life will influence their 20___ in the next life.1. A. enlarged B. extended C. expanded D. lengthened2. A.history B. interaction C. blood D.bond3. A. pioneer B. settlers C. immigrant D. ancestors4. A. toward B.for C.of D.on5. A contributions B. sufferings C. sacrifices D. tributes6. A. formal B. natural C. regular D. peculiar7. A. In comparison B. To the same extent C. In a way D. In contrast8. A. relief B. responsibility C. burden D. business9. A. rewarded B. honored C. regarded D. complimented10. A. In fact B. In return C.Yet D. As a result11. A. meanwhile B. furthermore C. however D.only12. A. confined B. dedicated C. corresponded D. exposed13. A.In return B. In exchange C. In vain D. In turn14. A. occasionally B. intentionally C. typically D. steadily15. A. insists on B. consists of C. persists in D. resists to16. A. living B. lively C. alive D.life17. A. incidences B. decisions C. accidents D. expedition18. A. by B.for C.on D.in19. A. counterpart B. opposite C. competitor D. opponent20. A) station B. status C. stature D. StateOptimism is a good characteristic, but if carried to an excess it becomes foolishness. We are prone to speak of the resources of this country as inexhaustible; this is not so. The mineral wealth of the country , the coal, iron, oil, gas, and the like, does not reproduce itself and therefore is certain to be exhausted ultimately; and wastefulness in dealing with it today means that our descendants will feel the exhaustion a generation or two before they otherwise would. But there are certain other forms of waste which could be entirely stopped--the waste of soil by washing, for instance, which is among the most dangerous of all wastes now in progress in the United States, is easily preventable, so that this present enormous loss of fertility is entirely unnecessary. The preservation or replacement of the forests is one of the most important means of preventing this loss. We have made a beginning in forest preservation, but... So rapid has been the rate of exhaustion of timber in the United States in the past , and so rapidly is the remainder being exhausted, that the country is unquestionably on the verge of a timber famine which will be felt in every household in the land. The present annual consumption of lumber is certainly three times as great as the growth; and if the consumption and growth continue unchanged, practically all our lumber will be exhausted in another generation, while long before the limit to complete exhaustion is reached the growing scarcity will make itself felt in many blighting ways upon our nationalwelfare. About twenty percent of our forested territory is now reserved in national forests; but these do not include the most valuable timberland, and in any event the proportion is too small to expect that the reserves can accomplish more than a mitigation of the trouble which is ahead for the nation.21. The author of the passage is likely to be a(n) _____.A.economistB.capitalistC.novelistD.conservationist22. According to the passage waste may be categorized into_____.A.recycled and unrecycled by-productsB.animal, vegetable,and mineral productsC.fertile and infertile wastesD.preventable and non-preventable exhaustion of resources23. It may be inferred that the author of the passage views the exhaustion of American’s non-reproductive wealth as _____.A.reversibleB.welcomeC.inevitableD.contemptible24. The author is most concerned about the exhaustion of lumber as a resource because _____.A.optimism prevents him from taking any actionB.it is being consumed faster than it can be grownC.soil erosion cannot be preventedD.forest preservation is an intense public concern25. According to the passage the author feels that national forests _____.A.are an unnecessary bureaucratic expenseB.are not created out of the best timberlandC.create a healthy environment for American recreationD.are holding their own against soil erosionPassage TwoTierra del FUego is the end of the world. In geographical terms, it might just be. It is a small triangle of land that sits at the bottom of South America. The name means “Land of Fire”. It was given the name by a famous ex plorer who saw the natives’ fires on the shore. The island is shared by Argentina and Chile. Tierra del Fuego is notable for its unique geography.However, the land is anything but fire. It rests at the southernmost tip of South America. The average temperature for the year is 5℃. In winter, it gets much colder. Much of the temperature differences are due to altitude. Rivers of ice form on the Andes Mountains to the west. Cold rain and winds chill the flat lands on the north and the east.It is easy to talk about the land of Tierra del Fuego. The waters that surround it also are unique. They are perhaps the most important in the world. They are home to all kinds of birds. The albatross is the most well-known. There are also whales, squid, and many fish. For a few days in summer, huge schools of sardines move into this part of the world. The local people can simply walk into the water and catch them withshopping bags. Schools of fish are everywhere. They can be caught without bait. These fish are of huge economic value to locals and to the world.Tierra del Fuego is a rare place. In such a small space, it contains varied land features:mountains, forests,and prairies. Two great oceans meet on either side. This group of features makes it home to a huge range of wildfire. The land has very long days in summer and short days in winter. It is unique place on earth. The word “notable” in the passage is closest in the meaning to ____A.notoriousB.remarkableC.challengingD.supporting26.The word “altitude” in the passage is closest in meaning to _____A.heightB.distanceC.lengthD.shape27.According to the passage, all of the following are true except_____A.the land is an islandB.The ocean is nearbyC.The place is home to wildlifeD.The land was set on fire28.According to the passage , why are the waters unique?A.The people catch fish with shopping bagsB.Many types of sea life and birds come hereC.The water is great for drinkingD.The ice has good nutritional properties29.The author uses huge schools of sardines as an example of which of the following?A.What the inhabitants like to catchB.How people catch fishC.Fish that come to the islandD.Birds that come to the islandpsychologists have long argued about the relative importance of genetics and environment in determining human intelligence--an issue that is sometimes referred to as the "nature vs. Nurture” debate.One reason that this question is hard to resolve is that many obstacles stand in the way of researchers who seek to investigate the effects of early childhood environment. Because the presumed environmental effects occur over a long period of time, it obviously would be impractical to conduct experiments in the laboratory. Moreover, ethical considerations ordinarily keep researchers from manipulating the real-life environment of a child.In the classic 1966 study by Harold M. Skeels, however, these obstacles were overcome because the researcher was able to find and make use of an "experiment in nature". Skeels' study began by chance during the 1930's when he was serving as a psychologist for the state of Iowa. Among his duties was the psychological testing of young children in anorphanage . One day he examined two baby girls who had been legally committed to the orphanage because their mothers, who were each mentally retarded, had neglected them. The girls were emaciated and pitifully inactive, spending their days rocking and whining (t^). Skeels found that,although there was no evidence of physical defects, the girls showed the mental development of children less than half their ages; the 16-month-old had a level of seven months; the 13-month-old had a level of six months. In those days, psychologists generally regarded intelligence as a genetically determined characteristic that was relatively fixed at birth. The two little girls were given up as unadoptable and, two months later, they were transferred to the Glenwood State school, an institution for the mentally retarded.Six months after the transfer, Skeels visited the two little girls at Glenwood. He scarcely recognized them. They were alert, smiling, and active. Skeels tested them again and found to his astonishment that they were now approaching normal mental development for their age. Subsequent tests when the girls were about three years of age confirmed their progress.What could explain the remarkable changes in their behavior and mental development? Skeels concluded that the change in environment had to be responsible. The orphanage where the girls spent their early months was understaffed and overcrowded. Much of the time, theyoung children were confined to large cribs with very little chance for human interaction. At Glenwood, by contrast, the two little girls had a homelike environment, rich in affection and interesting experiences. They lived in a ward with women ranging in age from 18 to 50 (mental age from 5 to 9) who, in effect, "adopted" them. They also received a lot of affection and attention from attendants and nurses who bought them toys and picture books and took them out for excursions.All of this gave Skeels the idea for a bold experiment. He convinced the administrators of the orphanage to transfer 10 more children to the Glenwood State School, pointing out that there was nothing to lose as the children all seemed destined for mental retardation in any case. His experimental group consisted of 13 children ?the two little girls who had transferred earlier, a third girl who had been transferred at about the same time, and the ten new transfers. Ali were under three years of age, and all had been certified as retarded. Their IQ scores ranged from 35 to 89 with a mean of 65. The progress of this experimental group at Glenwood was measured against that of a comparison group of 12 children who remained at the orphanage. The comparison group was considerably closer to average intelligence, with a mean IQ of 87.The contrasts between the two different environments? the drab, sterile orphanage and the lively, stimulating mental institution--became even more marked as the children grew older. At the orphanage, therewas little stimulation. Those children over two years old lived in cottages where one matron, aided by three or four untrained girls, had charge of 30 to 35 boys and girls. The cottages were so crowded that the children had to be tightly regimented. At age six, they attended the orphanage elementary school. Later, they were sent to public junior high school where there were few opportunities for individual attention and where they quickly fell behind in their work.Meanwhile, at Glenwood, the transfers from the orphanage had a much more active and lively life. They were "adopted" by adults--attendants as well as the mentally retarded residents. Each child thus had the opportunity for an intense one-to-one emotional relationship with an older person. The children could often play outdoors on tricycles, swings and other equipment. And at the school at Glenwood, the matron in charge singled out children in need of special attention, allowing them to spend stimulating time each day visiting her office.After several months, Skeels tested the children in the experimental and comparison groups. The 13 children in the enriched environment at Glenwood showed an average gain in IQ of 27.5 points and 3 of the children gained over 45 points. In contrast, the 12 children in the deprived environment at the orphanage showed a decline in average IQ of 26.2 points.Even more impressive were the results of the follow-up studyconducted by Skeels 21 years later. All 13 children in the Glenwood experimental group--11 of whom had been placed for adoption--were self-supporting. In the comparison group, four were still wards of institutions and one had died. The median education level in the experimental group was the twelfth grade, in the comparison group less than the third grade. In the experimental group, subjects held jobs ranging from professional and business occupations to domestic service. Comparison group members who were not institutionalized(')^'^) tended to have low-level jobs.Skeels' study had one methodological shortcoming: there was no way in which he could completely rule out possible innate differences in his subjects. That is, there may have been some degree to which the 13 children who were transferred to Glenwood had a higher level of intelligence than those who remained behind. Nonetheless, Skeels' study provides extremely persuasive evidence--in the short run and over a period of more than two decades--for early environment as a powerful force in the shaping of intelligence.31. The author begins the article with_____.A. a controversial opinion about environmental influence on human intelligenceB. a concise definition of the term "nature vs. nurture"C.a general remark about a much talked about issue known as the "nature vs. nurture" debateD. an introduction to a new approach to the investigation of genetic and environmental effects32.The term "experiment in nature" can best be interpreted as_____.A. (an) experiment that chanced to happen in natureB.(an) experiment that was conducted without basically changing the subjects' real-life environment or doing any possible harm to themC. (an) experiment that developed naturally without any researcher's interferenceD. none of the above33. From the article, we know for sure the following facts except that___.A. Skeels decided to perform an experiment on the effects of environment when he was asked to do psychological tests on the young children in an orphanageB. the two baby girls were officially sent to the orphanage because their mothers, mentally retarded, could not provide them with care and protectionC. Skeels, like most psychologists of his day, tended to believe that intelligence was only genetically determined, almost fixed at birthD. affection and attention of the home-like environment in the Glenwood State School, an institution for the mentally retarded, brought aboutsurprising changes in the two little girls34. For what reason does the author describe the Glenwood State School as a "lively,stimulating mental institution" with an "enriched environment"?A. The children there had good opportunities to build up emotional relationship with older persons, staff members or mentally retarded residents.B.The children there could participate in a variety of outdoor activities.C.The children who needed special attention were better taken care of.D. All of the above.35.“The cottage were so crowded that the children had to be tightly regimented” . Can you figure out the meaning of the underlined expression from the context?A.strictly disciplinedB.carefully arrangedC.rigidly controlledD.properly organized36.From the context we may figure out that the expression "wards of institutions" means ______.A. persons who had to stay in certain places for special care and protectionB. students who were studying at orphanage schoolsC. kids who were committed to hospitals for medical careD. people who were disabled or mentally retarded37. What was the striking difference between children in the experimental group and those in the comparison group?_____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ ____38.As an institution for children's mental development, the orphanage was inferior to the Glenwood State School mainly in that _______________________________________________.39.The author ends his article with the conclusion_____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ ___40.According to the text, this study of Skeels' lasts _____________________.41.Obviously the author takes a very_____________attitude to Skeels' study.Fields across Europe are contaminated with dangerous levels of the antibiotics given to farm animals. The drugs, which are in manure sprayed onto fields as fertilizers, could be getting into our food and water, helping to create a new generation of antibiotic-resistant "superbugs”.The warning comes from a researcher in Switzerland who looked atlevels of the drugs in farm slurry. 42____. Some 20,000 tons antibiotics are used in the European Union and the US each year. More than half are given to farm-animals to prevent disease and promote growth. 43____. Most researchers assumed that humans become infected with the resistant strains by eating contaminated meat. But far more of the drugs end up in manure than in meat products, says Stephen Mueller of the Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technology in Dubendorf. 44 ____. With millions of tons animals manure spread onto fields of crops such as wheat and barley each year, this pathway seems an equally likely route for spreading resistance, he said. The drugs contaminate the crops, which are then eaten. 45____. Mueller is particularly concerned about a group of antibiotics called sulphonamides. 46____. This concentration is high enough to trigger the development of resistance among bacteria. But vets are not treating the issue seriously.There is growing concern at the extent to which drugs, including antibiotics, are polluting the environment. Many drugs given to humans are also excreted unchanged and broken down by conventional sewage treatment.A. They do not easily degrade or dissolve in water. His analysis found that Swiss farm manure contains a high percentage of sulphonamides; each hectare of field could be contaminated with up to 1 kilogram of thedrugs.B. And manure contains especially high levels of bugs that are resistant to antibiotics, he says.C. Animal antibiotics is still an area to which insufficient attention has been paid.D. But recent research has found a direct link between the increased use of these farmyard drugs and the appearance of antibiotic-resistant bugs that infect people.E. His findings are particularly shocking because Switzerland is one of the few countries to have banned antibiotics as growth promoters in animal feed.F. They could also be leaching into tap water pumped from rocks beneath fertilized fields.G. There is no doubt that the food and drink is always important to the health.。

外研社杯全国中小学生市级复赛资料

If there is a common European identity, it probably comes from our shared history and cultural heritage.Many European countries have been influenced by similar people and events in history. The Romans and theVikings traveled widely in Europe and left their mark. The French emperor, Napoleon, conquered many countriesin Europe were deeply affected by the two world wars. Some great works of art and literature and some greatdiscoveries in science are known by almost all people in Europe. It is possible to answer the question, “What doEuropeans have in common?” , but it is difficult---at least for an Englishman. Question: Where does the so called common European identity probably come from?市级复赛高中 E组组（我最爱阅读）1.If there is a common European identity, it probably comes from our shared history and cultural heritage.Many European countries have been influenced by similar people and events in history. The Romans and the Vikings traveled widely in Europe and left their mark. The French emperor, Napoleon, conquered many countries in Europe were deeply affected by the two world wars. Some great works of art and literature and some great discoveries in science are known by almost all people in Europe. It is possible to answer the question, “What do Europeans have in common?” , but it is difficult---at least for an Englishman. Question: Where does the so called common European identity probably come from?2.Some of the ancient Greeks believed that the earth floated on a great sea and that earthquakes were caused by big waves in this sea. There is a Mexican tale that the devil, El Diablo made a big hole in the earth whenever he wanted to take a short cut. The Gabriel no Indians in Southern California have a story that when theGreat Spirit wanted to make a beautiful land, he put parts of the land on the backs of six turtles. One day the turtles began to argue and three of them swam west and three of them east. This caused a big crack in the earth.The turtles made friends again and joined up the different parts of the land, but every time they have an argument and swim in opposite directions, there is an earthquake!Question: How did ancient Greeks think the earthquake took place?市级复赛高中 E组（我最爱阅读）3.I remember something which happened in my class one day which made change my mind about how we see history. I was teaching English to a class of adults of different nationalities and we were reading a text about the invention of the aero plane. In the text, it said that the Wright Brothers were the first men to fly. There was a very intelligent and polite Brazilian man in the class and he said: “Actually, the first flight was made by a Brazilian.”I am afraid I laughed and said something like : “But everyone knows is was the Wright Brothers.” A couple of days laterthe Brazilian man brought in an encyclopedia which said that the first flight was made by a Brazilian. It made me think that history changes according to where you come from.Question: What does the case that happened in class reveal me?市级复赛高中 E组（我最爱阅读）4.Is it possible that by 2050 every world citizen will speak English either as a first or second language? Many people think so, but others argue that it will be normal for people to be multilingual in the future and that people who only speak English will be at a disadvantage. Another argument we have to consider is that a different language might emerge as a world language. After all, English has only become a dominant language because of British colonial history and American economic power. Chinese already has more native speakers than any otherlanguage in the world. And with its growing economic strength, it could be that in the long term people from other countries will feel the need to learn Chinese.Question: Why is it possible for Chinese to be another dominant language of the world?市级复赛高中 E 组（我最爱阅读）5.There are clear health benefits to cycling, even if you only cycle a shortdistance each day. According to an expert, if you cycle regularly you should be as fit as a person 10 years younger. Well, I am 47 and I still play football in a team so I would say that this claim is true. As well as being good for your health, cycling can reduce stress. I certainly find that I feel better when I arrive at work than I do when I leave home; and I feel better when I get home than I do when I leave work. I also find that when I can’t solve a problem at work, the answer often comes to me when I am cycling. Sometimes the harder you think about a problem, the harder it is to find the solution and you actually need to concentrate less on the problem and relax the mind.Question: What are the health benefits of cycling?市级复赛高中 E组（我最爱阅读）6.Money doesn’t grown on trees, but gold does. Scientists in Western Australia claim to have made a new discovery---they have found gold in the leaves and twigs of trees. The researchers believe that the trees suck up the gold from deep underground, over 30 meters down. The discovery has been described as the first of its kind in the world. Australian gold exploration companies are pleased because it will make finding gold cheaper. Rather than drilling deep holes to find gold, they will be able to examine tree leaves and branches. The trees show what is happening under the earth’s surface. Question: Why are gold exploration companies pleased about this discovery?市级复赛高中 E 组（我最爱阅读）7.I went to my first lecture today. Before I went I felt excited and happy to be starting to study my degree subject.However, I had a big shock. I couldn’t understand the lecture very well because he was talking quite fast and had an accent, which I think was Scottish. Although he used some slides, the subject is completely new to me and I didn’t understand much of the vocabulary. I didn’t take any notes. I think my level of English isn’t good enough for university and I feel very depressed.Question: Why couldn’t the writer understand the lecture very well?市级复赛高中 E 组（我最爱阅读）8.No one knows exactly when the building of the Great Wall was started. It is believed that the wall was built to protect China's borders during the Zhou Dynasty. Emperor Qin Sichuan joined the separate walls built by the Qin, Yan and Zhao Kingdoms, to protect the northern border of the country. This was done after the Emperor unified the country in 214BC. The wall was not only for protection in the north, it was also a symbol of the power of the emperor. During the Han Dynasty, to protect the Hexi Corridor (today’s Gansu Province), the emperor issued an order for the Great Wall to be made longer, into the Hexi Corridor and the Xinjiang Region. After that many changes to the wall were made during the Northern Wei, Northern Qi and Sui Dynasties.Question: What was the purpose of the building of the Great Wall?市级复赛高中 E 组（我最爱阅读）9.Although Sao Paulo is the most industrialized city in Brazil, many of its children are said to be living on the streets. They have to look after themselves. Many of them turn to begging or stealing to make money for food and shelter. This problem is widespread in Brazil’s cities. Due to the poverty in many parts of Brazil, many children have to work. The International Labor Organization (ILO) defines “child labor” as work done by the children under the age of 12. They further define child labor as work done by children who are under the age of 15thatprevents them going to school or work done by children who are under the age of 18 that is bad for their physical or mental health.Question: Why many children in Brazil have to work?市级复赛高中 E 组（我最爱阅读）10.The gala performance that evening was a complete triumph. It was truly the most successful performance ever held in the Opera. Members of the audience continually called out for an encore. All of the dancers, composers and singers had worked in perfect harmony to produce such superb performances.But no performance outshone Christine Daze's. She had never been the best singer but tonight she was like a flower in full bloom, singing with great passion and intensity. All in the audience were deeply moved during her performance in the prison scene and the final trioin Faust.Question: Why the gala performance that evening was a complete triumph?市级复赛高中 E 组（我最爱阅读）11.They went in the direction that the man had pointed. They finally came to Christine’s room.“Who was that man?” Raoul asked.“That’s the Persian. He is always here at the Opera House,” she replied.“Christine! I want you to come away with me now. It’s ridiculous to have to live like this,” said Raoul.“Not today,” she replied. “I promised I would sing at tomorrow’s performance for Erik. I must do that. I will go away with you after the performance.”They discussed their plans to run away the next evening.Question: Why Christine would not go away with Raoul right then?市级复赛高中 E 组（我最爱阅读）12.“She is the Emperor’s daughter,” said a woman standing next tome. “She is extremely beautiful. So many princes come from different countries to marry her. But she doesn’t want to marry any of them. She is a cold woman. Some say that her heart is made from stone. To make it difficult for any man to marry her, she has said that she will only marry the man who can solve the three riddles she gives them. If they fail, well,...you can see what we are waiting for...”Suddenly, a man dressed in palace robes appeared. He called out, “The Prince of Persia has failed to answer the Princess’ riddles. He will die when the moon appears this evening.”Question: Why the Prince of Persia is going to be killed?市级复赛高中 E 组（我最爱阅读）13.“Why are you drinking?”the little prince asked. “To forget ,” replied the drunkard.“To forget what?” inquired the little prince, who was already feeling sorry for him. “To forget that I’m ashamed,” confessed the drunkard, hanging his head. “What are you ashamed of ?” inquired the little prince, who wanted to help.“Of drinking!” concluded the drunkard, withdrawing into silence for good.And the little prince went on his way, puzzled.“Grown-ups are certainly very, very strange,” he said to himself as he continued on his journey.Question: Why did the drunkard drink?市级复赛高中 E 组（我最爱阅读）14.He couldn’t say another word. All of a sudden he burst out sobbing. Night had fallen. I dropped my tools. What did I care about my hammer, about my bolt, about thirst and death? There was, on one star, on one planet, on mine, the Earth, a little prince to be consoled! I took him in my arms. I rocked him. I told him, “The flower you love is not in danger...I’ll draw you a muzzle for your sheep...I’ll draw you a fence for your flower...I...”I didn’t know what to say. How clumsy I felt! I didn’t know how to reach him, where to find him...It’s so mysterious, the land of tears.Question: What did the writer promise the little prince to protect his flower?市级复赛高中 E 组（我最爱阅读）15.At that moment, the tramp felt something grab his hand, and he jumped back. Then, Marvel put out his hand to feel the hand that had grabbed his. He then felt an arm, a chest, then a beard.“This is truly amazing, "said the tramp. “How is this possible?”“I will tell you later,” said the invisible man. “Now, I need your help. Society has rejected both of us. So, we should try to help each other.” “How could I help you?” asked Marvel.“First with clothes and shelter. I can also help you. Can you imagine what power I have? If you betray me, I could do terrible things.” The tramp was very frightened now. “Alright. I...won’t betray you,” he stuttered. “Don’t worry. I will help you.”Question: Why did Marvel help the invisible man and promised that he would not betray him?市级复赛高中 E 组（我最爱阅读）16.If you are lost in the woods, a tent is very handy. It gives you shelter from rain and wind. But if you are separated from your group, you may be separated from your tents as well. What should you do? You can make your own shelter. It will help protect you from bad weather or wild animals. Insummer, look for a spot near fresh water. In winter, look for a site that will protect you from cold and wind.You can use jacket or a plastic sheet to make a lean-to. Some rope would be handy, too. First, check where the wind is coming from. Make sure the bake of your lean-to will be facing the wind. Otherwise, a big gust might blow it away. Then stretch the fabric across two strong branches or tree trunks. Next, tie it in place. Finally, put leaves or pine needles on the ground. They will help keep you warm and dry.Question: What kind of place should you choose to make a shelter when you are lost in the forest in summer?市级复赛高中 E 组（我最爱阅读）17.As a teenager, Edmund Hillary hiked the mountains of his New Zealand home. Hillary loved to climb. When he reached a mountaintop, he forgot all about the fatigue, or tiredness, he had felt on the way up. Nothing matched the thrill of looking down from a snowy peak. In 1953, a British climbing team decided to go on a great adventure.They wanted to climb the tallest mountain in the world-----Mount Everest. British climbers had been trying to accomplish this goal for 40 years. But no one had ever completed the dangerous climb.The team asked Hillary if he would join them. They chose him not only for his expert climbing skills, but also for his determination. Hillary always fought to overcome, or get beyond, any difficulties in his path. Question: Why did the team asked Hillary to join them?市级复赛高中 E 组（我最爱阅读）18.As he took off, Saint-Exupery wondered if he would be able to accomplish his task. Aviation was much riskierin the 1920s than it is today. Planes did not have modern equipment such as radar to guide them. Sopilots had to find their way on their own. Sometimes pilots flew with a navigator. Navigators used landmarks on the ground, such as lakes or hills, to tell where they were going. But this method did not always work. Bad weather conditions, such as fog or clouds, made it hard to see landmarks. There were other problems, too. Sometimes a plane’s engine stopped running during a flight. Other times the steering failed. Fire was another great danger. Planes could burstinto flames in midair.Question: Why sometimes a pilot would fly with a navigator?市级复赛高中 E 组（我最爱阅读）19.If you are interested in early American history, you may like to tour some of the eastern states, the place where the Pilgrims landed on Plymouth Rock and areas that began with small settlements. Williamsburg, Virginia, is an excellent historic site to visit. Buildings and streets are designed to be as they were in those years ago. You can visit a blacksmith shop and see a candle maker or silversmith at work.Washington D.C. is also a popular destination. You cannot see it on the map because it is located in the District of Columbia which is not actually a state. Both Maryland and Virginia gave some land to form this district which George Washington, the country’s first president, chose for the site of the capital.Question: Where may you like to tour if you are interested in early American history?市级复赛高中 E 组（我最爱阅读）20.First of all, you need to know how much disposable income you have. Disposable income is the money you have left after you have paid your government taxes. Someone has advised dividing that income into three parts:50% for essential items such as food, housing, transportation and utilities, 20% for savings perhaps for emergencies or for retirement and 30% for your own personal interests and needs.Of course, you can decide on your individual plan of percentages, but the main point is to make a plan.Nowadays there are numerous websites that provide formulas for saving strategies. Personal financial tracking systems can be downloaded. Banks and other financial institutions constantly offer to assist you in making the best use of your funds.Question: What is disposable income?。

2016“外研社杯”全国英语阅读大赛样题.doc

2016“外研社杯”全国英语阅读大赛样题Part I Read and KnowIn Part I, you will read short texts of various kinds. Read the instructionscarefully and answer the questions. (Time allowed: 22 minutes)Questions 1-3 (Suggested completion time: 5 minutes)Directions: Read the following quotes. Match the quotes on the left with the people on the right. Please note there are two extra options you do not need to use._____1. Give me a lever long enough and a fulcrum on A. John Lockewhich to place it, and I shall move the world. B. Archimedesis not the doctrine of how we may make ourselves C. Aristotlehappy, but how we may make ourselves worthy of D. Immanuel Kanthappiness. E. Steve Jobscan't connect the dots looking forward; you can onlyconnect them looking backwards. So you have to trustthat the dots will somehow connect in your future.Questions 4 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text, and answer the question according to the text.To ensure the high standards of facilities we need to build new wards, laboratories and consulting rooms. In short, we need your help now. Complete the coupon today and rest assured that your donation is going to the best possible cause.4. Where is the piece of text taken from?A. an advertisementB. an instruction bookletC. a storyD. a newspaperQuestions 5 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text, and answer the question according to the text.Few corners of the world remain untainted by intrepid tourists, and their impact is often devastating. Too frequently they trample heedlessly on fragile environments, displacing wildlife and local populations in their insatiable quest for unexplored locations.5.What is the best title for this text?A.The future of tourismB.The role of tourismC.The price of tourismD.The benefits of tourismQuestions 6 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text, and answer the question according to the text.Buying and selling anything is your forte now. If you visit a jumble or car-boot sale or the like, a romantic encounter is more than probable! News linked to the family is brilliant!6.What type of text is this?A.A personal advertisement.B.A personal horoscope.C.A friend’sletter of advice.D.A written warning.Questions 7 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text, and answer the question according to the text.With our travel agency, the holiday you book is the holiday you get. If you arrive and findwe ’ve failed to live up to our promises, let us know what the problem is within one day of your arrival. We ’ll spend 24 hours doing everything possible to sort the problem out. In the unlikely event that we can’tresolve your problem and make you happy within 24 hours, we ’ll fly you home and give your money back.7.The text could best be described as __________.A.a commitmentB.an appealC.a warningD.a vowQuestions 8 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text, and answer the question according to the text.The new digital cameras are great fun and very easy to use. They let you review your pictures the moment you take them, so you can re-shoot right away if you ’re not satisfied. But remember, a digital camera is just a computer XXXX. It ’s not a replacement for your ordinary camera.8.What is the meaning of the missing word (XXXX) in the text?A.“something that is poor quality”B.“an item that is not essential, something extra”C.“something expensive but good value for money”D.“a fashion which always remains popular”Questions 9 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text, and answer the question according to the text.She had gone alone, but the children were to go to the station to meet her. And loving the station as they did, it was only natural that they should be there a good hour before there wasany chance of Mother ’s train arriving, even if the train were punctual, which was most unlikely.9.What can you say about their mother ’s train?A.It would probably be early.B.It would probably be on time.C.It would probably be late.D.It had been cancelled.Question 10 (Suggested completion time: 5 minutes)Directions: The bar chart shows the number and proportion of undernourished people in the developing regions, from 1990?1992 to 2014?2016. Answer the question according to the information in the chart.Source: The Millennium Development Goals (MDG) Report201510.Choose the INCORRECT description about the chart.A. Current estimates suggest that nearly one in nine individuals do not have enough to eatbetween 2014 and 2016.B. Projections indicate that the 2015 MDG target is nearly reached, with per cent ofundernourished population.C.The situation noticeably improved during the years 1995-1999, but went down inthe first five years of the new millennium.D.The proportion of undernourished people in the developing regions has fallen byalmost half since 1990.Part II Read and ReasonIn Part II, you will read short texts on different subjects. Read the instructions carefully and answer the questions based on logical inference and reasoning. (Time allowed: 38 minutes)Question 11-12 (Suggested completion time: 10 minutes)Directions: Read the definitions of two types of logical fallacy. Answer the questions accordingto the definitions.Poisoning the WellPoisoning the well is a rhetorical technique and logical fallacy where adverseinformation about a target is preemptively presented to an , with the intentionof discrediting or ridiculing everything that the target person is about to say.It uses the of negative to distract a subject from actual in an argument.11.Which of the following provides a typical example of poisoning the well?A.That ’mys stance on funding the education system, and anyone who disagrees with me hateschildren.B.You are so weird. That means —we are pretty much sure —that your whole family is weird,too.C.God exists because the Bible says so. The Bible is inspired. Therefore, we know that Godexists.D. I don’ t care what you say. We don’ t need any more books.Ashelvelongas the carpet isclean, we are fine.False DilemmaA false dilemma arises when we allow ourselves to be convinced that we have tochoose between two and only two mutually exclusive options, when that is untrue.Generally, when this rhetorical strategy is used, one of the options is unacceptableand repulsive, while the other is the one the manipulator wantsus to choose. Whoever succumbs to this trap has thus made a choice that isforced, and as such, of little value.12.Which of the following provides a typical example of a false dilemma? A.Smoking is harmful to health, so you are supposed to quit smoking.B. If the government doesn’ t reduce public spending,oureconomy will collapse.C. You may as well avoid overeating, or else you might be obese in no time.D. You are the worst of the classmates; therefore, what you say is incredible.Questions 13 (Suggested completion time: 4 minutes)Directions: Read the passage about syllogism. Decide whether the reasonings are Valid or Invalidbased on the principles of syllogism.Syllogism is a kind of logical argument that applies deductive reasoning to arrive at a conclusionbased on two or more propositions that ar e asserted or assumed to be true. It is perhaps today ’ s most commonly accepted form of logical reasoning in aptitude tests. The most commonly usedtype of syllogisms is elucidated in a frequently used example:Premise 1: All men are mortal.Premise 2: Socrates is a man.Conclusion: Socrates is mortal.Now practice syllogisms for IQ tests. Please note that the conclusion is based on logical reasoningand doesn’ t necessarily represent the“. truth” always13. Valid ( ); Invalid ( )Premise 1: All human action is conditioned by circumstances.Premise 2: All human action involves morality.Conclusion: All that involves morality is conditioned by circumstances.Questions 14 (Suggested completion time: 4 minutes)Directions: Read the passage about contraposition. Decide whether the reasonings are Validor Invalid based on the principles of contraposition.In , contraposition is a law that says that a is to its contrapositive. The contrapositive of thestatement has its antecedent and consequent and . The most commonly used type of contrapositionis elucidated in the following example:Premise 1: If it is raining, then there are clouds in the sky.Premise 2: There are no clouds in the sky.Conclusion: It is not raining.Now practice contraposition for IQ tests. Please note that the conclusion is based on logicalreasoning and doesn’ t necessarily represent the“ truth” always.14. Valid ( ); Invalid ( )Premise 1: If he is not an American, he is not from Texas.Premise 2: He is from Texas.Conclusion: He is an American.Questions 15-17 (Suggested completion time: 6 minutes)Directions: Read the text about a science discovery. Answer the questions according to the text.Manipulating MemoryMemory is notoriously malleable. Our recollections fade and take onnew meanings; sometimes we remember things that never evenhappened. But15.Recently, however, scientists have started to grasp and tinker withmemory’ physical basis. Last year, in work evocative of films such as Eternal Sunshine of theSpotless Mind and Inception, researchers discovered ways to manipulate specific memories inmice using optogenetics, a powerful technique that can trigger nerve cells in animals ’br zapping them with beams of laser light. In a series of experiments, they showed that they coulddelete existing memories and“ incept” false ones.This year, researchers went even further: switching the emotional content of a memory in micefrom bad to good and vice versa. Under the laser, for example, male mice that had once associateda certain room with being shocked were tricked into acting as though they had once met friendlyfemale mice there instead.Whether the mice in these experiments actually experienced vivid false memories or just a fuzzysense of pleasure or fear is unclear. Nor is it clear whether the findings apply to the tricks of memoryso familiar to people. Long-sought therapeutic advances, such as treatments for post-traumaticstress disorder, could remain far off. One thing is certain, however: Once considered beyondscientific dissection, memory is finally starting to yield its secrets.15.Which of the following best fits the numbered space in the passage?A.what is really happening in our brain as memories are remodeled remains mysteriousB.scientists are curious about why people are oblivious to what have happened to themC.advanced technology has helped scientists discover the workings of our brainD.some scientists argue that what we observe about human memory is not what it really is16. The word incept“ ” is closest in meaning to ________.A.operateB.startC.detectD.occupy17.Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A. People ’ s false memories result from the impact of different emotion provoked by laterexperience on the same spot.B. The success in research indicates that it won ’ t be long that a therapy is worked out for peopledisturbed by painful memory.C.By zapping the brain cells of mice with light, researchers are able to create, erase, oralter their memories, good or bad.D.Many fancy ideas in science fictions or movies that are based on them actually draw greatlyupon scientific achievement.Questions 18-19 (Suggested completion time: 4 minutes)Directions: Read the following passage about cholera. Decide whether the statements are True or False according to the passage.A child receives the oral cholera vaccine ShancholCholera is caused by a bacterial infection of the intestine. Approximately one in 20 people infected with cholera has a serious case, with symptoms including severe diarrhea, vomiting, and leg cramps. These symptoms quickly cause dehydration and shock, and can result in death within hours if the infected person doesn ’receivet treatment. Cholera is typically transmitted by contaminated food or water. In areas with poor treatment of sewage and drinking water, the feces of people with cholera can enter the water supply and spread quickly, resulting in an epidemic. The cholera bacterium may also live in the environment in some coastal waters, so shellfish eaten raw can be a source of cholera in affected areas.18.Cholera is known to be a life-threatening disease which easily causes death of most of the patients.True () False ( )19.Cholera typically occurs in areas near the sea or the river where contaminated food is amajor source of the disease.True ( ) False ( )Questions 20-21 (Suggested completion time: 5 minutes)Directions: Read the abstract of a research paper from the DeepMind website. Decide whetherthe statements are True or False according to the abstract.Teaching Machines to Read and ComprehendAuthors: K. M. Hermann, T. Ko?isky, E. Grefenstette, L. Espeholt, W. Kay, M. Suleyman, P. Blunsom Published: NIPS 2015Abstract: Teaching machines to read natural language documents remains an elusive challenge. Machine reading systems can be tested on their ability to answer questions posed on the contents of documents that they have seen, but until now large scale training and test datasets have been missing for this type of evaluation. In this work we define a new methodology that resolves this bottleneck and provides large scale supervised reading comprehension data. This allows us to develop a class of attention based deep neural networks that learn to read real documents and answer complex questions with minimal prior knowledge of language structure.20.Previous studies didn ’take constant effort to evaluate the reading ability of artificial intelligence machines, which was why the present research was conducted.True () False ( )21.One implication of the research is that a methodology that helps gather and handle big datais indispensible to artificial intelligence related studies.True ( ) False ( )Questions 22-23 (Suggested completion time: 5 minutes)Directions: Read the passage about the “ Think small ”advertising campaign. Answer the questions according to the passage.Think SmallIf you ’ interested in marketing and advertising, Volkswagen ’ s“ Think small”campaign for the Beetle when it was first introducedto North America in 1959 looms large as one of the greatestadvertising campaigns of all time. It wasn’ just arevolution in automotive advertising; it changed the entire industry.Until the Beetle hit the market, automotive marketing copy wasfull of bluster, and the images were flights of fancy,emphasizing low, long lines and a fantasy lifestyle.The clean, simple photography on a white background that emphasized the Beetle ’ s compact, practical form may seem commonplace these days, but it was a revolution in a world where Americans grew up obsessed with muscle cars, horsepower, andtire smoke. Making the car small, when the convention was to make it fill the page, was also novel. The simplistic approach to design and layout was totally contrary to the advertising conventions of the time.__ 22__ The text was minimalist in both look and content, presenting the facts simply instead of trying to weave tall tales and fantasies; and instead of bluster, it ushered in an intelligent sense of humor that made readers feel like they were in on the joke. The message was one of smartanti-luxury, and took gentle aim at an industry obsessed with superficiality and styling, rather than the substance underneath the car bodies.Not only does “ Think small ” continue to inspirewagenVolksadvertising to this day, it ushered in a creative revolution in the advertising business and changed the world of marketing forever.“ Thinksmall”showed the power of humor and honesty, and its photographic and design principles brought about a major shift in the look and feel of marketing around the world.22.Which of the sentences below best fits the numbered space in the passage?A.What defined the ad even more than its visual style was the tone of its copy.B.This ad starts off doing the exact opposite of what you would expect in a car ad.C.This was an exercise in minimalism and a very accurate reflection on the product itself.D.The car wasn ’ t depicted as an integral piece of the daily lives of a middle class family.23.It can be inferred that the advertising conventions of the 1950s were reflected in the following except that ___________.A.the ads in the 1950s typically showed proud owners and passengers evoking greatjoy about new shiny big acquisitions.B.the marketing concept then focused on providing as much information as possible to thereader such as the way it’ s created.C. the marketing schemes associated the advertised product with an idea or a way of livingfrom average consumers’ perspective.D.the marketing practice may attach importance to a sense of humor brought by the useof exaggerated language.Part III Read and QuestionIn Part III, you will read passages on the same subject. You will be required to identify the writer ’position and evaluate the effectiveness of the writer ’ s arguments. (Time allowed: 30 minutes)Questions 24-35 (Suggested completion time: 30 minutes)Directions: Read three passages about fashion. Answer the questions according to the passages.Passage AIt ’ s not that easy to answer the question,“ whatauseisfashion?itmeans different”becthings to different people. Fashion is an art. It ’a sreligion. It ’a sjob. It ’a speek into a personality. It ’ s playfulness. It ’ans escape or a disguise. It is a feast for the eyes. But ultimately,25. French fashion desig ner Coco Chanel once said,“ Fashion is not something that exists in dresses only. Fashion is in the sky, in the street, fashion has to do with ideas, the way we live, what is happening. ”It ’trues. Fashion isn ’definedt solely by our clothing choices, but is also conveyed through the waywe carry ourselves, our personalities and our views of the world. At its most fundamental, fashion is simply the prevailing style or custom, as in dress or behavior.So, who exactly answers the question what isn ’ t? What ’ s in or what “ whatis fashion’ s out?”Who? decides what’fashionable andFashion Designers. The iconic fashion houses—Prada, Gucci, Chanel—are referred to as hautecouture, French for “high sewing. ”These designers lead the way in crea-se t ting trendfashion.While some of their designs are outrageous and completely unrealistic when it comes to everydaywear, generally the theme is adapted into versions suitable for wearing.Media. Fashion trends are often sparked by characters on popular television shows and movies aswell as adopted from magazine pages. “ Sex and the City, ” “ The Devil Wears Prada, ” these introduced us to new, cutting-edge designs. While you might not be caught dead wearing aCarrie Bradshaw original, you might take ideas inspired from her look and piece togetheryour own creation.Celebrities. A prime example of a celebrity-driven fashion trend? UGGs. Until Kate Hudson andJessica Simpson were spotted wearing them around . several years ago, no one had given anythought to UGG boots. Now they are everywhere.Musicians. Musicians have always been very influential when it comes to dictating fashion. Rock‘ n’ rollisfashion. Elvis is an iconic example. In the 1950s, everyone wanted to dress like Elvis.Whatabout the heavy metal hair bands so popular in the 1980s? Axl Rose reinvented the head bandanawhile Poison, Motley Crue and Bon Jovi set the pace for big, rocker hair.’ t matter. All th Just because you don’ t know if a Prada bag is fall 2007 or spring 2008 doesnmatters is that you like it and it’ s an expression of you. That is fashion.Passage BFashion is more prevalent in modern society than in primitive tribes or peasant communities. Themodern society is an open society where class distinctions are not so rigid as in primitive society. Itsurban and mobile class structure enables people to cultivate individual taste and adopt new course.The modern society is more tolerant of differences and therefore places few shackles on the cycle offashion. Our standards of judgment have also changed. Today the individual is rated more byobservable externalities than by his ancestry, his character or his genuine accomplishments. Theclothes a man wears, the language he speaks, the manners he shows have more weight inascribing a status than his simplicity, patriotism and integrity.If he can keep himself up to date in the matters of his dress, speech and manners, he will assurehimself a high social esteem. Not only the mobile and urban character of modern society but itsaffluence also speaks for greater prevalence of fashion in it. Men today are richer than theirancestors and have more leisure. They have the necessary means and time to play with luxuriesand to think of fashion. Maclver writes: We do not think of fashion in overalls; there is more offashion in the body of an automobile than in its chassis. There is no fashion in steam shovels.Consequently the higher the standard of living the more material there is for fashion to operate upon.Passage CAs summer has officially faded into the colder weather of autumn, I assumed the days of Nikeshorts, comically large T-shirts and polos would be only a memory of yesterday. This has not beenthe case.Fashion, in and of itself, is already a type of conformism. In order to be considered fashion, a look,a garment or a stylistic choice must be deemed fashionable.Who gets to decide this —what is fashionable? While certain fashion heavyweights play a role inthis decision, the ultimate decision is left to the public.As I was surfing the Web recently for inspiration for this column, I came across the Prada website.What I discovered literally caused me to gasp. Of course, everyone knows Prada is an expensivebrand —a luxury—but what I discovered shocked me: a keychain priced at $180. No, this keychainwas not solid gold or encased in diamonds. It was simply a keychain: a skull with the word“ Prada” on a small charm.How can a company charge $180 for a keychain? The answer: people are willing to pay for it.People know the brand and conform to the idea of owning a piece of such an Italian“ luxury.”This is nonsensical. Why do we choose to wear miniscule shorts in frigid weather or spend nearly$200 on a charm? Such decisions are influenced by peers, the media and the personalresolution to not make rational, individualistic choices. We cling to the idea of acceptance.In short, we often choose to abide by the pressures of social conventionality, and this leads us tomake ridiculous selections—pairing Ugg boots with shorts or wearing neon with camouflage —which we would otherwise not make.I am certainly shamefaced in my occasional conformity to these ludicrous fashion folkways. I amguilty of donning Crocs in public. Yikes!Transient, often preposterous trends referred to as fads inspire some rather strange ideas. Whocan recall the pet rocks of the ‘ 70s or Popples ofSuchthe pop trends‘ 80s?arenot confined tobehavior; they bleed into the fashion world, evidenced in overly distressed jeans, the most painful ofneon shades, shoes that resemble Swiss cheese and a host of other fads I do not have the space tomention.I refuse to give up hope for societal common sense.One day we will comprehend that shorts are for the summer and ridiculously expensive keychainsare for “ neverDo. not”allow others to dictate for you. Be bold. Be an individual. Do not buy thekeychain.24. The phrase might“ not be caught dead ” in Passage A most probably means ______.A.would rather not die anywayB.might not be caught red handedC.would refuse completely to do somethingD.might be uneasy though doing something25.Which of the following best fits the numbered space in Passage A?A.fashion is an individual statement of expression for each of usB.fashion facilitates social change by providing a transitional stageC.fashion is not an individual choice but a group choiceD.fashion determines our speech, opinion, dress, music, art, etc.26.It can be inferred from Passage A that fashion designers, media, celebrities and musiciansshare the following views except ______.A.that fashion is anything but separated from the daily life of ordinary people.B.that nothing completely absurd and unrealistic can finally become fashion.C.that fashion is what society accepts and has an element of social sanction behind it.D. that if a particular c hoice remains confined to an individual it can’ t be called fashion.27. The word affluence“”in Passage B is closest in meaning to ______.A.versatilityB.wealthinessC.peculiarityD.charisma28.According to Passage B, which of the following attributes may probably be more importantthan others for an individual to be favorably received now?A. A wide range of erudition.B. Loyalty to his or her friends.C. A passion for popular novels.D. Good virtues such as honesty.29. Which of the followin g is NOT true about the author’ s attitude towards fashion according toPassage C?A.The author thinks it a waste of time mentioning a list of examples of irrational fads.B.People are mad about fashion and therefore lose their own good judgment.C.The author never allows himself to be carried away by the fashion trends.D.Behind the behavior of keeping up with fashion is a need to stay in the crowd.30-31. Decide whether the statements are True or False according to the three passages.30.All the three passages agree that fashion plays a role in the interplay of class relations thatit satisfies the contrary desires for novelty and for conformity.True () False ( ), for ’ s judgment 31. None of the three passages are denying conventional social values in peopleexample, what ’ s considered good about things or people. True ( ) False ( )Part IV Read and CreateIn Part IV, you will read a passage and then write a short essay according to it.You should write with clarity and logic. (Time allowed: 40 minutes)Question 32 (Suggested completion time: 40 minutes)Directions: Read a passage from Discourse on the Method of Rightly Conducting the Reason and Seeking the Truth in the Sciences. Write a short essay according to the passage.⋯And as a multitude of laws often only hampers justice, so that a state is best governed when,with few laws, these are rigidly administered; in like manner, instead of the great number of precepts of which logic is composed, I believed that the four following would prove perfectly sufficient for me, provided I took the firm and unwavering resolution never in a single instance to fail in observing them.The first was never to accept anything for true which I did not clearly know to be such; that is tosay, carefully to avoid precipitancy and prejudice, and to comprise nothing more in my judgmentthan what was presented to my mind so clearly and distinctly as to exclude all ground of doubt.The second, to divide each of the difficulties under examination into as many parts as possible,and as might be necessary for its adequate solution.The third, to conduct my thoughts in such order that, by commencing with objects the simplestand easiest to know, I might ascend by little and little, and, as it were, step by step, to the knowledge of the more complex; assigning in thought a certain order even to those objects which in their own nature do not stand in a relation of antecedence and sequence.And the last, in every case to make enumerations so complete, and reviews so general, that Imight be assured that nothing was omitted.The long chains of simple and easy reasonings by means of which geometers are accustomed to reach the conclusions of their most difficult demonstrations, had led me to imagine that all things, to the knowledge of which man is competent, are mutually connected in the same way,and that there is nothing so far removed from us as to be beyond our reach, or so hidden thatwe cannot discover it, provided only we abstain from accepting the false for the true, and always preserve in our thoughts the order necessary for the deduction of one truth from another. And Ihad little difficulty in determining the objects with which it was necessary to commence, for I was already persuaded that it must be with the simplest and easiest to know, and, considering that ofall those who have hitherto sought truth in the sciences, the mathematicians alone have beenable to find any demonstrations, that is, any certain and evident reasons, I did not doubt but that such must have been the rule of their investigations.32.Answer the topic questions with no less than 300 words. You should write in YOUR OWN words: What is the main issue that Descartes explores in this part of the text, and w hat ’ s his method?。

2016外研社杯阅读大赛南昌大学选拔赛题

The family is the center of most traditional Asians' lives. Many people worry about their families' welfare, reputation, and honor. Asian families are often 1___ , including several generations related by 2___ or marriage living in the same home. An Asian person's misdeeds are not blamed just on the individual but also on the family--including the dead 3___ .Traditional Chinese, among many other Asians, respect their elders and feel a deep sense of duty 4___ them. Children repay their parents' 5___ by being successful and supporting them in old age. This is accepted as a 6___ part of life in China. 7___, taking care of the aged parents is often viewed as a tremendous 8___ in the United States, where aging and family support are not 9___ highly. 10___, in the youth-oriented United States, growing old is seen as a bad thing and many old people do not receive respect.Pilipinos, the most Americanized of the Asians, are 11___ extremely family-oriented. They are 12___ to helping their children and will sacrifice greatly for their children to get an education. 13___ , the children are devoted to their parents, who often live nearby. Grown children who leave the country for economic reasons 14___ send large parts of their income home to their parents.The Vietnamese family 15___ people currently 16___ as well as the spirits of the dead and of the as-yet unborn. Any 17___ or actions are done from family considerations, not individual desires. People's behavior is judged 18___ whether it brings shame or pride to the family. The Vietnamese do not particularly believe in self-reliance; in this way, they are the 19___ of people in the United States. Many Vietnamese think that their actions in this life will influence their 20___ in the next life.1. A. enlarged B. extended C. expanded D. lengthened2. B. interaction C. blood3. A. pioneer B. settlers C. immigrant D. ancestors4. A. toward5. A contributions B. sufferings C. sacrifices D. tributes6. A. formal B. natural C. regular D. peculiar7. A. In comparison B. To the same extent C. In a way D. In contrast8. A. relief B. responsibility C. burden D. business9. A. rewarded B. honored C. regarded D. complimented10. A. In fact B. In return D. As a result11. A. meanwhile B. furthermore C. however12. A. confined B. dedicated C. corresponded D. exposed13. return B. In exchange C. In vain D. In turn14. A. occasionally B. intentionally C. typically D. steadily15. A. insists on B. consists of C. persists in D. resists to16. A. living B. lively C. alive17. A. incidences B. decisions C. accidents D. expedition18. A. by19. A. counterpart B. opposite C. competitor D. opponent20. A) station B. status C. stature D. StateOptimism is a good characteristic, but if carried to an excess it becomes foolishness. We are prone to speak of the resources of this country as inexhaustible; this is not so. The mineral wealth of the country , the coal, iron, oil, gas, and the like, does not reproduce itself and therefore is certain to be exhausted ultimately; and wastefulness in dealing with it today means that our descendants will feel the exhaustion a generation or two before they otherwise would. But there are certain other forms of waste which could be entirely stopped--the waste of soil by washing, for instance, which is among the most dangerous of all wastes now in progress in the United States, is easily preventable, so that this present enormous loss of fertility is entirely unnecessary. The preservation or replacement of the forests is one of the most important means of preventing this loss. We have made a beginning in forest preservation, but... So rapid has been the rate of exhaustion of timber in the United States in the past , and so rapidly is the remainder being exhausted, that the country is unquestionably on the verge of a timber famine which will be felt in every household in the land. The present annual consumption of lumber is certainly three times as great as the growth; and if the consumption and growth continue unchanged, practically all our lumber will be exhausted in another generation, while long before the limit to complete exhaustion is reached the growing scarcity will make itself felt in many blighting ways upon our national welfare. About twenty percent of our forested territory is now reserved in national forests; but these do not include the most valuable timberland, and in any event the proportion is too small to expect that the reserves can accomplish more than a mitigation of the trouble which is ahead for the nation.21. The author of the passage is likely to be a(n) _____.22. According to the passage waste may be categorized into_____.and unrecycled by-products, vegetable,and mineral productsand infertile wastesand non-preventable exhaustion of resources23. It may be inferred that the author of the passage views the exhaustion of American’s non-reproductive wealth as _____.24. The author is most concerned about the exhaustion of lumber as a resource because _____.A.optimism prevents him from taking any actionB.it is being consumed faster than it can be grownC.soil erosion cannot be preventedD.forest preservation is an intense public concern25. According to the passage the author feels that national forests _____.A.are an unnecessary bureaucratic expenseB.are not created out of the best timberlandC.create a healthy environment for American recreationD.are holding their own against soil erosionPassage TwoTierra del FUego is the end of the world. In geographical terms, it might just be. It is a small triangle of land that sits at the bottom of South America. The name means “Land of Fire”. It was given the name by a famous explorer who saw the natives’ fires on the shore. The island is shared by Argentina and Chile. Tierra del Fuego is notable for its unique geography.However, the land is anything but fire. It rests at the southernmost tip of South America. The average temperature for the year is 5℃. In winter, it gets much colder. Much of the temperature differences are due to altitude. Rivers of ice form on the Andes Mountains to the west. Cold rain and winds chill the flat lands on the north and the east.It is easy to talk about the land of Tierra del Fuego. The waters that surround it also are unique. They are perhaps the most important in the world. They are home to all kinds of birds. The albatross is the most well-known. There are also whales, squid, and many fish. For a few days in summer, huge schools of sardines move into this partof the world. The local people can simply walk into the water and catch them with shopping bags. Schools of fish are everywhere. They can be caught without bait. These fish are of huge economic value to locals and to the world.Tierra del Fuego is a rare place. In such a small space, it contains varied land features:mountains, forests,and prairies. Two great oceans meet on either side. This group of features makes it home to a huge range of wildfire. The land has very long days in summer and short days in winter. It is unique place on earth. The word “notable” in the passage is closest in the meaning to ____26.The word “altitude” in the p assage is closest in meaning to _____27.According to the passage, all of the following are true except_____land is an islandocean is nearbyplace is home to wildlifeland was set on fire28.According to the passage , why are the waters unique?A.The people catch fish with shopping bagsB.Many types of sea life and birds come hereC.The water is great for drinkingD.The ice has good nutritional properties29.The author uses huge schools of sardines as an example of which of the following?A.What the inhabitants like to catchB.How people catch fishC.Fish that come to the islandD.Birds that come to the islandpsychologists have long argued about the relative importance of genetics and environment in determining human intelligence--an issue that is sometimes referred to as the "nature vs. Nurture” debate.One reason that this question is hard to resolve is that many obstacles stand in the way of researchers who seek to investigate the effects of early childhood environment. Because the presumed environmental effects occur over a long period of time, itobviously would be impractical to conduct experiments in the laboratory. Moreover, ethical considerations ordinarily keep researchers from manipulating the real-life environment of a child.In the classic 1966 study by Harold M. Skeels, however, these obstacles were overcome because the researcher was able to find and make use of an "experiment in nature". Skeels' study began by chance during the 1930's when he was serving as a psychologist for the state of Iowa. Among his duties was the psychological testing of young children in an orphanage . One day he examined two baby girls who had been legally committed to the orphanage because their mothers, who were each mentally retarded, had neglected them. The girls were emaciated and pitifully inactive, spending their days rocking and whining (t^). Skeels found that,although there was no evidence of physical defects, the girls showed the mental development of children less than half their ages; the 16-month-old had a level of seven months; the 13-month-old had a level of six months. In those days, psychologists generally regarded intelligence as a genetically determined characteristic that was relatively fixed at birth. The two little girls were given up as unadoptable and, two months later, they were transferred to the Glenwood State school, an institution for the mentally retarded.Six months after the transfer, Skeels visited the two little girls at Glenwood. He scarcely recognized them. They were alert, smiling, and active. Skeels tested them again and found to his astonishment that they were now approaching normal mental development for their age. Subsequent tests when the girls were about three years of age confirmed their progress.What could explain the remarkable changes in their behavior and mental development? Skeels concluded that the change in environment had to be responsible. The orphanage where the girls spent their early months was understaffed and overcrowded. Much of the time, the young children were confined to large cribs with very little chance for human interaction. At Glenwood, by contrast, the two little girls had a homelike environment, rich in affection and interesting experiences. They lived in a ward with women ranging in age from 18 to 50 (mental age from 5 to 9) who, in effect, "adopted" them. They also received a lot of affection and attention from attendants and nurses who bought them toys and picture books and took them out for excursions.All of this gave Skeels the idea for a bold experiment. He convinced the administrators of the orphanage to transfer 10 more children to the Glenwood StateSchool, pointing out that there was nothing to lose as the children all seemed destined for mental retardation in any case. His experimental group consisted of 13 children ?the two little girls who had transferred earlier, a third girl who had been transferred at about the same time, and the ten new transfers. Ali were under three years of age, and all had been certified as retarded. Their IQ scores ranged from 35 to 89 with a mean of 65. The progress of this experimental group at Glenwood was measured against that of a comparison group of 12 children who remained at the orphanage. The comparison group was considerably closer to average intelligence, with a mean IQ of 87.The contrasts between the two different environments? the drab, sterile orphanage and the lively, stimulating mental institution--became even more marked as the children grew older. At the orphanage, there was little stimulation. Those children over two years old lived in cottages where one matron, aided by three or four untrained girls, had charge of 30 to 35 boys and girls. The cottages were so crowded that the children had to be tightly regimented. At age six, they attended the orphanage elementary school. Later, they were sent to public junior high school where there were few opportunities for individual attention and where they quickly fell behind in their work.Meanwhile, at Glenwood, the transfers from the orphanage had a much more active and lively life. They were "adopted" by adults--attendants as well as the mentally retarded residents. Each child thus had the opportunity for an intense one-to-one emotional relationship with an older person. The children could often play outdoors on tricycles, swings and other equipment. And at the school at Glenwood, the matron in charge singled out children in need of special attention, allowing them to spend stimulating time each day visiting her office.After several months, Skeels tested the children in the experimental and comparison groups. The 13 children in the enriched environment at Glenwood showed an average gain in IQ of points and 3 of the children gained over 45 points. In contrast, the 12 children in the deprived environment at the orphanage showed a decline in average IQ of points.Even more impressive were the results of the follow-up study conducted by Skeels 21 years later. All 13 children in the Glenwood experimental group--11 of whom had been placed for adoption--were self-supporting. In the comparison group, four were still wards of institutions and one had died. The median education level in theexperimental group was the twelfth grade, in the comparison group less than the third grade. In the experimental group, subjects held jobs ranging from professional and business occupations to domestic service. Comparison group members who were not institutionalized(')^'^) tended to have low-level jobs.Skeels' study had one methodological shortcoming: there was no way in which he could completely rule out possible innate differences in his subjects. That is, there may have been some degree to which the 13 children who were transferred to Glenwood had a higher level of intelligence than those who remained behind. Nonetheless, Skeels' study provides extremely persuasive evidence--in the short run and over a period of more than two decades--for early environment as a powerful force in the shaping of intelligence.31. The author begins the article with_____.A. a controversial opinion about environmental influence on human intelligenceB. a concise definition of the term "nature vs. nurture"general remark about a much talked about issue known as the "nature vs. nurture" debateD. an introduction to a new approach to the investigation of genetic and environmental effectsterm "experiment in nature" can best be interpreted as_____.A. (an) experiment that chanced to happen in natureB.(an) experiment that was conducted without basically changing the subjects' real-life environment or doing any possible harm to themC. (an) experiment that developed naturally without any researcher's interferenceD. none of the above33. From the article, we know for sure the following facts except that___.A. Skeels decided to perform an experiment on the effects of environment when he was asked to do psychological tests on the young children in an orphanageB. the two baby girls were officially sent to the orphanage because their mothers, mentally retarded, could not provide them with care and protectionC. Skeels, like most psychologists of his day, tended to believe that intelligence was only genetically determined, almost fixed at birthD. affection and attention of the home-like environment in the Glenwood State School, an institution for the mentally retarded, brought about surprising changes in the twolittle girls34. For what reason does the author describe the Glenwood State School as a "lively,stimulating mental institution" with an "enriched environment"?A. The children there had good opportunities to build up emotional relationship with older persons, staff members or mentally retarded residents.children there could participate in a variety of outdoor activities.children who needed special attention were better taken care of.D. All of the above.35.“The cottage were so crowded that the children had to be tightly regimented” . Can you figure out the meaning of the underlined expression from the context?A.strictly disciplined arrangedcontrolled organizedthe context we may figure out that the expression "wards of institutions" means ______.A. persons who had to stay in certain places for special care and protectionB. students who were studying at orphanage schoolsC. kids who were committed to hospitals for medical careD. people who were disabled or mentally retarded37. What was the striking difference between children in the experimental group and those in the comparison group?_____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ ____________________an institution for children's mental development, the orphanage was inferior to the Glenwood State School mainly in that _______________________________________________.39.The author ends his article with the conclusion_____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ ___________________40.According to the text, this study of Skeels' lasts _____________________.41.Obviously the author takes a very_____________attitude to Skeels' study.Fields across Europe are contaminated with dangerous levels of the antibiotics given to farm animals. The drugs, which are in manure sprayed onto fields as fertilizers, could be getting into our food and water, helping to create a new generation of antibiotic-resistant "superbugs”.The warning comes from a researcher in Switzerland who looked at levels of the drugs in farm slurry. 42____. Some 20,000 tons antibiotics are used in the European Union and the US each year. More than half are given to farm-animals to prevent disease and promote growth. 43____. Most researchers assumed that humans become infected with the resistant strains by eating contaminated meat. But far more of the drugs end up in manure than in meat products, says Stephen Mueller of the Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technology in Dubendorf. 44 ____. With millions of tons animals manure spread onto fields of crops such as wheat and barley each year, this pathway seems an equally likely route for spreading resistance, he said. The drugs contaminate the crops, which are then eaten. 45____. Mueller is particularly concerned about a group of antibiotics called sulphonamides. 46____. This concentration is high enough to trigger the development of resistance among bacteria. But vets are not treating the issue seriously.There is growing concern at the extent to which drugs, including antibiotics, are polluting the environment. Many drugs given to humans are also excreted unchanged and broken down by conventional sewage treatment.A. They do not easily degrade or dissolve in water. His analysis found that Swiss farm manure contains a high percentage of sulphonamides; each hectare of field could be contaminated with up to 1 kilogram of the drugs.B. And manure contains especially high levels of bugs that are resistant to antibiotics, he says.C. Animal antibiotics is still an area to which insufficient attention has been paid.D. But recent research has found a direct link between the increased use of these farmyard drugs and the appearance of antibiotic-resistant bugs that infect people.E. His findings are particularly shocking because Switzerland is one of the few countries to have banned antibiotics as growth promoters in animal feed.F. They could also be leaching into tap water pumped from rocks beneath fertilized fields.G. There is no doubt that the food and drink is always important to the health.。

第十四届外教社杯英语阅读测评答案

第十四届外教社杯英语阅读测评答案1、She found her wallet（）she lost it. [单选题] *A. where(正确答案)B. whenC. in whichD.that2、76．AC Milan has confirmed that the England star David Beckham （）the team soon. [单选题] *A. has rejoinedB. was going to rejoinC. rejoinedD. is to rejoin(正确答案)3、29．______ my free time, I like listening to music. [单选题] *A．AtB．OnC．In(正确答案)D．About4、What _______ would you like, sir? [单选题] *A. otherB. else(正确答案)C. othersD. another5、You should _______ fighting with your parents although you may have different ideas from time to time. [单选题] *A. suggestB. enjoyC. avoid(正确答案)D. practice6、--The last bus has left. What should we do?--Let’s take a taxi. We have no other _______ now. [单选题] *A. choice(正确答案)B. reasonC. habitD. decision7、68．—How ________ apples do you want?—I want two kilos. How ________ are they?—They are 5 yuan. [单选题] *A．much; manyB．many; much(正确答案)C．many; manyD．much; much8、We ______ to set up a food bank to help hungry people next week.（）[单选题] *A. hadB. are going(正确答案)C. were goingD. went9、—Where did you get the book?—From my friend. I ______ it three days ago. （）[单选题] *A. lentB. borrowed(正确答案)C. keptD. returned10、—What can I do to help at the old people’s home?—You ______ read stories to the old people. （）[单选题] *A. could(正确答案)B. mustC. shouldD. would11、The manager demanded that all employees _____ on time. [单选题] *A. be(正确答案)B. areC. to beD. would be12、If we want to keep fit, we should try to _______ bad habits. [单选题] *A. keepB. haveC. getD. get rid of(正确答案)13、70．Would you like ________，sir? [单选题] *A．something else(正确答案)B．nothing elseC．else somethingD．else anything14、2．I think Game of Thrones is ________ TV series of the year. [单选题] *A．excitingB．more excitingC．most excitingD．the most exciting (正确答案)15、47．Yao Ming is tall. That's one of his ________. [单选题] *A．advantageB．advantages(正确答案)C．disadvantageD．disadvantages16、We haven't heard from him so far. [单选题] *A. 到目前为止(正确答案)B. 一直C. 这么远D. 这么久17、16．We asked ______ engineer we met before to help repair the radio yesterday. [单选题] *A．aB．anC．the(正确答案)D．/18、______ pocket money did you get when you were a child? （）[单选题] *A. WhatB. HowC. How manyD. How much(正确答案)19、She is _______, but she looks young. [单选题] *A. in her fifties(正确答案)B. at her fiftyC. in her fiftyD. at her fifties20、Li Jing often helps me ______ my geography.（）[单选题] *A. atB. inC. ofD. with(正确答案)21、Nowadays schools should care for the full _______ of a student’s talents. [单选题] *A. satisfactionB. development(正确答案)C. communicationD. preparation22、My mother and my aunt are both _______. They work in a big supermarket. [单选题] *A. actressesB. doctorsC. salesmenD. saleswomen(正确答案)23、There are trees on both sides of the broad street. [单选题] *A. 干净的B. 狭窄的C. 宽阔的(正确答案)D. 宁静的24、It is important for us _______ English well. [单选题] *A. learnB. learningC. to learn(正确答案)D. learned25、49．________ is the price of the product? [单选题] *A．HowB．How muchC．What(正确答案)D．How many26、Many children have to _______ their parents. [单选题] *A. divide intoB. put onC. depend on(正确答案)D. take on27、Actually, we don't know whether this news comes from a reliable（）or not. [单选题] *A. source(正确答案)B. originC. basisD. base28、You could hardly imagine _______ amazing the Great Wall was. [单选题] *A. how(正确答案)B. whatC. whyD. where29、The people’s Republic of China _______ on October 1, 1 [单选题] *A. foundB. was founded(正确答案)C. is foundedD. was found30、79．On a ________ day you can see the city from here. [单选题] * A．warmB．busyC．shortD．clear(正确答案)。

2016 年“上外杯”复赛 (Key)

2016 年“上外杯”上海市高三学生英语竞赛复赛(Key)Listening Test (45%)I. Complete the following dialogue 15% @ 1% Bertrand: Hallo, oui.Marion: Hello, can I speak to Monsieur Bertrand, please?Bertrand: Yes, speaking.Marion: Oh hello, this is Marion O'Nelll from Horizons Unlimited. (1) We're recruiting an assistant manager for you.Bertrand: Oh yes. Hello, Marion. How are you?Marion: Fine, thanks … listen, I've just been (2) going through the file, and I've got a couple of questions for you - have you got a moment?Bertrand:Yes, of course.Marion: Okay. Obviously the first question is about (3) wanting an assistant manager who can also look after your children ... that's (4) a bit unusual. Can you tell mesomething more about that?Bertrand: Of course - it would only really be (5) during the time when the hotel is closed.I quite often have to (6) go away on business - perhaps six or seven times a yearfor p erhaps five days or a week (7) at a time ... and as I don't have any relativesnearby, I need someone to look after them ... you know, drive them to school,(8) pick them up, give them their supper, maybe look after them a bit (9) at theweekend.Marion: Mmm … and how old are the children?Bertrand:Olivier, my son is thirteen, and Karine, his sister, is eight. They're very good - they won't be difficult.Marion: No, I'm sure, but it's still quite a big responsibility. It's not going to be easy to find someone who can do all the hotel work too ... you say you want someonewho can organize reception, so presumably you'll need someone (10) withplenty of experience?Bertrand:Of course, I think experience is necessary.Marion: And you mentioned driving a minute ago. How important is that? You say the hotel is quite remote …Bertrand:Mmm, perhaps it (11) would be possible without driving ... perhaps a neighbour could take the children to school ... but it might be a bit difficult for thisperson … they might feel a bit (12) isolated if they can't drive.Marion:Okay, so driving is pretty important then. What else? Good French obviously(13) essential ... other languages ... computer skills ... oh, yes ... you say youwould prefer someone for two years rather than just one year?Bertrand:Yes, one year is the minimum, but really (14) we'd prefer two ... you know, the children have had a very difficult time since my wife died. and I prefer not tohave too many changes. Really, I think more important than anything else is anice person who we can all(15) get on with.Marion:Yes, of course, …II. Listening and note-taking 10% @1% EricPast: In 1972, he (1) was made redundant from his job as a train drive forBritish Rail (it was terrible because he had four young children), so decidedto (2) emigrate to Australia.Present: (3) learning Spanish in evening classes.Future: He would like to become a great-grandfather.DebbiePast: Wollongong, a town about 80 km from Sydney, is the place where she lived(4) for six years and started school. Other kids used to (5) tease herbecause of her accent.Present: she works as (6) a careers advisor with 16- to 18-year-old school leavers;finds it very rewarding.Future: would like to(7) go back to Australia one day; she'd especially like to show Joel the cafe where she and his father had (8) their first date.JoelPast: born in Folkestone, a small town on(9) the south coast of England. (his parents met in Australia but moved back to England before he was born) Present: Tiffany is the name of the family dog. (Very stupid!)Future: plays the guitar in a rock band called 'Objects of Desire', his ambitionis (10) to become rich and famous; they're playing their first-ever gig nextFriday.III. Listening and Translation 4% @2%A. Some college professors or other faculty have not given enough thought to how theclasses they will teach will help students find jobs or be good employees.一些大学教授或教师对于他们所要教授的课程如何能帮助学生找到工作或成为好的雇员没有给与足够的考虑。

外研版四年级英语下学期专项语法填空竞赛练习题型完美版

外研版四年级英语下学期专项语法填空竞赛练习题型完美版班级：_____________ 姓名：_____________1. 根据中文意思完成句子。

［1］-你游泳很好吗？-是的，我跳得也很高。

-Do you ________ ________?-Yes, I________high too.［2］我不会飞。

我也不会打乒乓球。

I can’t________. I can’t play table tennis________.［3］-不要在图书馆里跑。

-对不起，李老师。

-________ ________in the library.-Sorry, Miss Li.［4］-你会踢足球吗？-不。

我会溜冰。

-Can you________ ________?-No. I can________.2. 看一看，选一选，根据图片内容完成句子。

［1］Welcome to my_________( home; classroom).［2］Look! My_________(bedroom; school)is big.［3］Can I have some_________(water; milk)?［4］My uncle is a_________(farmer; teacher).［5］I can use_________(chopsticks and spoons; knives and forks).3. 根据汉语意思选词填空。

nice shy cool clever cute1.This is my cat. It’s very________.(可爱的)2. Lucy is a nice girl, but she is a bit ________.(害羞的)3. This is my big brother. He’s very_______.(酷的)4. Xiyangyang is very _______ .(聪明的)5. Snow White is a very______(友善的) girl.4. 选词填空。

外研版五年级英语下学期专项阅读理解竞赛练习题型完美版

外研版五年级英语下学期专项阅读理解竞赛练习题型完美版班级：_____________ 姓名：_____________1. 根据短文内容，用完整的句子回答下面的问题。

Hi, I am Lily. I have a good friend. Her name is Sarah. She is polite. We are in the same class. We go to school from Monday to Friday. We have four classes in the morning and two in the afternoon. I like Tuesdays, because we have art classes on Tuesdays. I can draw pictures in art classes. Sarah likes Fridays. We have music classes on Fridays. Our music teacher is Miss Yang. She sings well. She is very kind. We have lunch at school. My favourite food is beef. Sarah likes hamburgers best. We all like the weekend. We can play ping pong together on the weekend.（1）What''s Sarah like?（2）How many classes do they have every day?（3）Who is Lily''s music teacher?（4）What''s lily''s favorite food?（5）What can they do on weekend?2. 阅读短文，判断正误。

第五届北外阅读之星复赛A组题库

第五届北外阅读之星复赛A组题库本届大赛所选取的阅读文段体裁多样，涵盖各个方面的主题，主要包括以下几类：1)记叙类（趣味小故事；传说；寓言；短篇小说等）;2)说明类（介绍日常生活中物品的原理；科学领域的基本知识等）;3)议论类（名人演讲；新闻评论等）;4)描写类（对某个地方的介绍；对某处风景的描绘；对某个人物的描写等）。

特别说明：阅读文段的难度大体上呈递进式推进，比赛时评委会综合考虑文段的难度系数进行打分。

评委问答分两类问题：1) 客观题主要考察选手对阅读文段的理解能力和语言转换能力，选手应掌握一定数量的词汇量，把握文段的中心思想，对一些细节性内容（人物，时间，地点等）理解到位。

2) 主观题主要考察选手的批判性思维能力和语言表达能力，选手应对阅读文段内容在理解的基础上进行深入的思考，结合自己的看法对此类问题作答。

【诗歌类】1. Child and GrandmaMy grandmother and I,In her I find my sun;We are so much alike;We think so alike.Our world is slow,Balloons we blow,And play peek-a-boo,And dressing game too.We smile and hug each other,Just me and my grandmother.Please let us stay together,For ever and ever more.【客观题】1) What do the child and grandma play?2) Does the child love her grandma?【主观题】1) Do you often play with your grandparents? What do you play?2) Do you like staying with your grandparents? Why?2. John’s D ay: F rom A to NA is for apple to start a day.B is for bone for my dog.C is for city like New York.D is for desk where I work.E is for English I use.F is for food like French Fries.G is for garden. H is for horse.I is for ice cream. J is for jelly.K is for kite flying in the sky.L is for lamp to help see at night.M is for man like you and I.N is for name. My name is John.Nice to meet you! What’s your name?【客观题】1) Where does John live?2) What is the lamp used to do?【主观题】1) Do you know other words starting with D?2) When you first see someone, what do you say?3. Back to SchoolAlarm ringsRing, ring, ringWith such a loud sing.My day is starting!No more sleeping.Walking in dream,Brushing teeth in dream,Wearing clothes in dream.Thank G od! I catch the school bus!My school bus doors close.I feel like a zombie,Riding the school bus;I am a walking, dreaming zombie!My eyes can’t see.My ears can’t hear.My head doesn’t work.Thus the school year begins,Thus it will end!【客观题】1) How does my day start?2) How do I go to school?【主观题】1) What time do you get up every day?2) How do you go to school?【记叙类】4. Kat y Duck and John BearKaty Duck and John Bear are playing a game. Katy moves her arms up and down. Katy zips and zooms.“Look at me, John! I am an airplane! Tra-la-la! Quack!”“3-2-1… Blast off! I am a rocket ship!” shouts John.“Me too! Blast off!” Katy dances.They have great fun.【客观题】1) How does Katy play this game?2) What is Katy and what is John in this game?【主观题】1) What do you play with your friends?2) Do you love airplanes or rocket ships? Why or why not?5. TwinsTara and Lara are twins. Even their parents find it too hard to tell who is who. They look so alike, so the girls go to different schools.They look alike but they are different in other things. Lara likes spicy food and Tara likes sweet food. Lara is a night bird and studies late at night but Tara is a morning bird and she gets up early in the morning.Though they look same, they are different!【客观题】1) Why do Tara and Lara go to different schools?2) Where are they different?【主观题】1) Have you ever seen any twins in your life? Canyou tell who is who?2) Do all twins look alike?6. Change Your MindWhen you want to say “I’m not good at this”, you should say “I’m just not good at it now”.When you want to say “This is too hard”, you should say “I like facing problems!”When you want to say “I made a mistake”, you should say “Mistakes help me learn!”You will see that you can make it!【客观题】1) What should you say, when you think it is too hard?2) What should you say, when you make a mistake?【主观题】1) What sports are you good at?2) When you feel unhappy, what will you do to feel happy again?【说明类】7. Animals in W interWe wear warm clothing in w inter. When it’s cold, we light a fire. Animals also find ways to stay warm in winter. Grizzly bears sleep. They spend the winter sleeping. The bear’s body temperature changes low. A bear doesn’t need much food then. How do you stay warm when the weather gets cold?【客观题】1) How does the Grizzly bear live in winter?2) How does the bear’s body temperature change?【主观题】1) How do you keep warm when the weather gets cold?2) Do you love winter? Why or why not?8. How D o A nimals T alk with O thers?Humans use language to talk. Animals talk, too. How do they talk with each other?Some animals use sound. Every penguin has a special call. Other penguins hear the sound and know who is calling.Some animals use lights. Jellyfish can make their bodies glow. They light up when an enemy comes near.【客观题】1) How do penguins talk with others?2) How do Jellyfishes talk with others?【主观题】1) Do you know how other animals talk with each other? Tellus one.2) If you can’t use language, how will you talk with others?9. SharksSharks live in th e sea and have lived on earth much longer than dinosaurs. It is also called “wolf in the sea” and people often think that all sharks only eat meat and do not eat plants. But we need to change our mind.In 2018, scientists discovered a kind of shark that eats plants. It is the first shark known to eat grass.【客观题】1) Sharks or dinosaurs, which live on earth longer?2) What do sharks usually eat?【主观题】1) Do you know other animals that live in the sea or in theriver?2) How do you like sharks?10. Know the M oonThe moon is Earth’s closest neighbor. It is the brightest star in the night sky. Scientists have studied the moon for thousands of years.The moon is made of rock. It is covered with holes. They were made when things hit the moon’s surface.The moon has no weather. That is to say, there is no wind or rain. Footprints left by people could last many years.【客观题】1) What is the moon made of?2) Why can footprints last many years?【主观题】1) Do you like the moon? Why?2) Do you want to go to the moon? Why or why not?11. New Inventions in 2018Lumos helmetBiking in the dark is not safe. But this LUMOS helmet has lights. They help cars see bikers at night. That helps bikers stay safe. Better WheelsWheelchairs help people get around. The Whill Model CI is a new type of wheelchair. It can climb over things and move around in small places. It can be taken apart in minutes.【客观题】1) How can Lumos helmet make us safe?2) What can Whill Model CI do?【主观题】1) Which do you like, the helmet or Model CI? Why?2) Do you want to create any thing? What’s it?12. ThunderstormThe sky is dark and the air is thick. You can see lightning and hear thunders. Wind is very strong. Heavy rain falls. It’s a thunderstorm! Scientists say there are a number of thunderstorms in the world every year. At any time, about 2,000 of them are taking place on earth. Thunderstorms can happen at any time!【客观题】1) When can we see light n ing and hear thunders?2) How many thunderstorms are taking place on earth atany time?【主观题】1) Have you ever seen a thunderstorm? When and where?2) Are you afraid of thunderstorm? Why or why not?13. Shake of S altPizza and French fries taste good but they have too much salt. And kids are eating way too many salty foods like these! Too much is not healthy. Eating too much salt can bring heart problems. Eating more fruits and vegetables will help. And you should eat less store-bought and restaurant foods. Do it. Your heart will thank you!【客观题】1) What will happen if we eat too much salty food?2) How can we make our heart healthy?【主观题】1) Do you love Pizza and French fries? How often do you eat them?2) To make our heart healthy, what will you do?【描写类】14. Breakfast in AmericaAmericans have many things to eat. Usually, they can eat bacon and eggs, bagel with cream cheese; pancakes or waffles with a side of sausage; sandwiches with eggs, cheese and vegetables; oatmeal with dried fruit and nuts as breakfast.If you eat things like a whole fish, tofu, pasta or rice for breakfast, you may hear people say, “That’s not a breakfast food!”【客观题】1) What do Americans eat for breakfast?2) What food is not a breakfast food in America?【主观题】1) What do you eat for breakfast?2) American breakfast or Chinese breakfast, which do youlike more? Why?15. Amazing LandmarksIn China, there is the Great Wall. It took thousands of years to build. It was built to protect China. The wall was once more than 13,000 miles long.In Egypt, there are pyramids. Some are almost 5,000 years old. They are made from heavy stones. Three Egyptian kings asked their people to build these pyramids.【客观题】1) Why was the Great Wall built?2) How old are some pyramids in Egypt?【主观题】1) Have you ever seen these two landmarks or any other landmarks in the world? When?2) Do you like travelling to other countries? Which country do you like best?。

科普英语复赛模拟题.docx

上海市第六届“上外双语杯”小学生科普英语竞赛决赛试卷（高年级组）总分：100分；时间：60分钟请将答案写在“答题纸”上，准考证号、姓名、学校、年级信息填写有误者不计成绩。

Part I Listening： 20 分Please listen carefully and Hll in the blanks. The passages below will be read twice.Passage 1Earth is ① by a layer of air. This layer is called the atmosphere. The air may be warm or cold. It may be dry or ② .Different kinds of air ③ with each other all the time. This ④ wind,clouds, precipitation, and ⑤.Passage 2The Nature is our mother. It ① us what we need, such as air,water, food and etc.. However, many of us do not know the @ of Mother Nature. In order to satisfy (满足)our need, we have done much (3) to the Nature. We cut ® trees, but do not replant any; we burn mine and oil, and want more*•• The Natur e is ⑤！Passage 3Owls are the only nocturnal ① of prey. They sleep during the day and ② at night. They (3) live rodents, frogs, toads and repiles to eat. Owls swallow their prey whole. Owls have ④，hooked claws. They use their claws to ⑤ their prey.Passage 4Fire was ① to give heat and light and to cook food. It also ② off wild animals. Fire is considered one of the ③discoveries ----just imagine what our lives would be like without it! Fire changed human behaviour. When people gathered round a fire, it brought them closer together. This caused them to ⑤language and @ ideas and beliefs.Part II Vocabulary (词汇)：10 分1. Choose correct words in the right form to fill in the blanks.选择正确的词以正确的形式填空(2.5分)1)Bark is dead but it the living trunk inside! 2)When tree is , it flowers. 3)1.7 meters is the length of an adult harp seal. 4) Because people are taking over more land, many wild animals are becoming .5) Owls' necks are for they can turn their heads around to see behind them.2. 词汇归类：在A 、B 、C 、D 四选项中，有一个与其他三个不属于同一范畴，将其选出 o (2.5分)1) A. meatB. salt C . fats D. minerals 2) A. coldB. fever C . medicine D . temperatur e 3) A. basketballB. soccer C . coach D. tennis 4) A. feel B. pushC. pull D . press 5) A. an e-mail B. a computer game C. software D. a mouse3. Write correct words according to the first letter.根据首字母填空 (5 分)1)Jaguars are good swimmers, but they are not good r. 2)Food chains show the c between plants and animals. 3)Ants are social animals and they live in large and well societies. 4)If you rub two pieces of plastic together, they will produce some e. 5) On May 12th , 2008, an e measuring 8 on the Richter degree happened inWenchuan area, Sichuan Province.Part III Knowledge Quiz （知识小测验）：20 分Choose the correct answer.1） A magnet （磁铁）can attract.A. a copper object C. a plastic objectB.an iron object D. a wood object2）If you heat a piece of ice, it will ____________ .A.meltB. expandC. disappearD. move3）Which of the following is correct?A.The Internet is the most powerful tool for information exchange.B.The Internet is an object that we can touch.C.The Internet is a collection of computers.D.The Internet is e-mail.4）In order to, the surfaces （表面）of a bike*s wheels are made to be rough.A.produce higher speed C. create less friction （摩擦）B.produce lower speed D. create more friction5）If on a very cold day when the temperature is a little above 0° C, you breathe on the glass of a window, what will you see on the glass?A.airB. iceC. dirtD. water6）It's caused by a virus that travels through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes. The virus infects your lungs and makes your whole body feel terrible. It gives you a fever, makes you cough and your body ache. What is it?A. a coldB. lung cancerC. a headacheD. the flu7）It falls to the ground on cold days. The process of how it happens goes as follows: Water drops in the clouds freeze to make tiny crystals （结晶）of ice. The crystals get bigger and bigger. Finally, they are heavy enough to fall out of the clouds and drop to the ground. What is it?A.rainB. snowC. windD. hail8）It is a sport. In the match, each team can have at most 11 players on the ground at a time. Artificial turf （草皮）is now being widely used in the matches of this sport to replace natural grass. What is it?A.basketballB. baseballC. volleyballD. soccer9）It helps you breathe and smell. It cleans the air before it goes into your body. It also warms up the air in winter before it enters your body. What is it?A.noseB. lipsC. tongueD. eyes10）I t is the third planet. It is 1 50,000,000 kilometers away from the sun. It is estimated to be over 4.5 billion years old. The planet rotates once every 23 hours, 56 minutes, and 4.09 seconds. It has a total surface area of 196,800,00 square miles. What is it?A.the sun.B. the earth.C. the moon.D. MarsPart IV Cloze Test （完型填空）：10 分1. Choose the correct word. （5 分）Humans properly picked up burning branches when lightning caused fires. They kept fire ① by setting fire to other sticks. The oldest traces of the use of fire have been found in China. They ② to 600,000 years ago.Humans may have ③how to make fire ④chance. Or perhaps they noticedsparksflying when they ⑤one stone against another.① A. go B. gone c. going② A. went back B. date back C. dated back（3） A. found B. observed C. discovered④ A. by B. on C. with⑤ A. stuck B. touched C. took2. Choose the correct word. （5 分）Diving is becoming more and more popular nowadays. In the deep blue sea, you feel like flying and totally immersed （沉浸）in the ⑥ of exploring the colorful and magic world. What would you like to do when you go diving? To enjoy looking at the strange creatures which are © seen on land? Or to search for lost treasures from the wrecks of old ships? ® is exciting, but it might be dangerous. Therefore, you should be well-prepared and well-equipped. A waterproof torch as well as a good pair of flippers ⑨ necessary. And you should not dive ⑩ .It is better to dive with a group of friends and with a guide.⑥ A. excite B. exciting C.excitement⑦ A. rarely B. already C. nearly⑧ A. To diving B. Dive C. Diving⑨ A. are B. be C. is⑩ A. lonely B. alone C. lonePart V Reading （阅读理解）：40 分Passage 1 （10 分）Most cactuses grow in tough environments— in the desert for example. You may wonder how they live through the dry season. In fact, they have developed some special abilities. In the dry season, they would go to "sleep", without eating or drinking. Thus, not much water can be consumed. When the rainy season arrives, they “wake up" at once and begin to drink water. Soon they grow, flower and bear fruit. It is measured that some kinds of cactus can store as much as forty kilograms of water in their roots. Due to their wonderful structure and incredible power of life, cactuses are highly praised by human beings. 1）The meaning of the word "consumed" （Line 4, Para.l） is.edB. wastedC. drank up2）What does "sleep" mean in the article?A.Cactuses go to sleep just like human beings.B.Cactuses do not get nutrients nor consume much water.C.Cactuses need time to rest themselves.3）How much water can cactuses store in their root?A.Up to fourteen kilograms.B.Up to forty grams.C.Up to eighty Jin （斤）.4）According to the article, which statement is true?.A.Plants can grow in the desert, but animal can not.B.There is a dry season and a rainy season in the desert.C.Cactuses are useless to us because most of them grow in desert.5）Why do people praise cactuses?A.They are lovely plants that live in the desert.B.People can make use of the plant.C.They are strong in adapting to the environmentPassage 2 （5 分）Basketball is still a young game compared to other ball games. It is just over a hundred years old. In the winter of 1891, a college was having trouble with its male students. The weather was so terrible that the students had to stay indoors. Since they could not enjoy their sports outside as usual, they were unhappy, and some of them even got into fights from time to time.Finally, one of the teachers at the college, J. E. Naismith, was asked to invent a new game for the students. It was not easy work because such a game had to be played indoors, and their court（场地）was not very large.Naismith thought for a few days and invented a kind of ball game. It was a fast, exciting game with much moving and passing of the ball. It was played between two teams. To score, the ball had to be thrown into a basket ten feet high above on the wall at each end of the court. At first, Naismith had planned to have the ball thrown into a box. As he could not find boxes of the right size, he had to use fruit baskets instead. That's how the game got its name.1）Basketball is some of the other ball games.A. as old asB. older thanC. not as old as2）At the beginning, basketball was invented for .A. boysB. girlsC. teachers3）"Score''（Line 2, Para.3） means .A.订规则B.得分C.画场地4）Which of the following is true?A.The name of the new game has something to do with the thing the ball is thrown into.B.J. E. Naismith invented the game for students to play outside in winter.C.When the new game was invented, they used boxes as baskets.5）The best title （标题）for this passage is .A.The Story of J. E. NaismithB.Basketball and LifeC.How Basketball Was InventedPassage 3 （10 分）Do you know why different animals or insects have their special colours ? They use colours mainly to protect themselves.Why can't some birds easily catch locusts （蝗虫）？It is because locusts change their colours according to the colours of the crops. When crops are green, locusts look green. But as autumn comes, locusts change to the same brown colour as the crops. Other insects with different colours from plants are easily found and eaten. So they have to hide themselves in the day and appear only at night.If you study animal biology, you'll find the main use of colours is for protection. Bears, lions and otheranimals can't be easily seen by hunters. This is because they have the colours much like their environment.Have you ever noticed an even more strange thing? A certain kind of fish in the sea can release black liquid when it faces danger. While the liquid spreads over （散开），its enemies （敌人）can't find it, and it quickly swims away. For this reason, it has lived to now even though it is not strong at all. Choose the right answer.选择正确答案。

四届外教社杯全国高校外语教学大赛

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“外研社杯” 全国英语辩论赛辩题

第十二届“外研社杯”全国英语辩论赛辩题Mock Rounda. Beijing should ban ownership of petsb. China should ban factory farming.c. China should create standards for the ethical treatment of animalsRound 11. China should cancel the torch relay to victims of the earthquake.2. Only amateur athletes should be allowed to compete in the Olympic Games.3. The Olympic Games should add debating as an official contest.Round 21. China should require a certain amount of physical exercise of all able citizens each week.2. China should require an annual physical health examination for all its citizens.3. China should ban smoking in all public places.Round 31. Children of migrant workers should have the same rights to education as local children.2. Beijing should cancel the Hukou policy.3. China should encourage overseas Chinese to return to China.Round 41. The price of gasoline should be subject to market forces.2. China should restrict private ownership of automobiles.3. Beijing should ban private automobiles from the city center.Round 51. The May Festival should not have been shortened.2. China should recognize Christmas as an official holiday.3. China should adopt a 35-hour workweek.Round 61. No country should have a veto in the UN Security Council.2. India should be given a permanent seat on the UN Security Council.3. The UN should have a standing military force.Round 71. ASEAN should abandon its Non-Intervention Policy.2. ASEAN+3 should create an Asian Union.3. Australia should be a member of ASEAN.Round 81. Western-style fast food franchises are harmful to the people of China.2. All food exporting nations should contribute 5% of their net exports to an international food bank.3. The Chinese government should not control the price of rice.Octofinals1. China should reserve at least 25% of seats in the National People’s Congress for women.2. China should grant women 1 year of paid maternity leave.3. Chinese universities should allowed mix-gender dormitories.Quarterfinals1. China should discourage foreign nationals from adopting Chinese orphans.2. All Chinese families with one biological child should de permitted to adopt a second child.3. Chinese children adopted by foreign national should retain their foreign citizenship. SemifinalsSemifinal #1China should require a percentage of its citizen’s income to be given to charity. Semifinal #2Fossil-Fuel powered engines should be banned in China by 2020s.FinalsUniversity entrance slots should be allocated to provinces proportionally based on population.第十三届“外研社杯”全国英语辩论赛辩题0. Campus Lifea. China abolish English as a compulsory subject in postgraduate entrance examinations.b. China make military training compulsory for all college students.c. All major corporations operating in China should be required to offer student internships.1. Culturea. THW require study of the traditional style Chinese writing.b. TH opposes the private ownership of artifacts deemed to be national treasures.c. THBT Shanzhai culture is bad for China.2. Educationa. THW base teachers? pay on their students? performance.b. THW make community service compulsory for all college students.c. THBT Chinese compulsory education should be extended to 12 years3. Economya. TH supports a new international trading currency.b. THB that China should stop buying US debt.c. China should issue consumption vouchers to stimulate the economy.4. Global climate changea. Developed nations should accept global warming refugeesb. Those affected by global climate change should have the right to sue major carbon-emitting nations.c. China should cap its carbon emissions.5. East Asiaa. Immediate elections are in Thailand抯best interest.b. ASEAN should expel Myanmarc. Direct negotiations between the US and North Korea are preferable to the Six-Party Talks.6. Family & Populationa. THBT women should be allowed to sell their eggsb. TH would require the father抯consent for abortions.c. China should legalize marriage between homosexuals.7. Crime & Punishmenta. Criminals sentenced to life imprisonment without parole should be allowed to choose death instead.b. China should establish a national DNA database of all citizens for the purposes of criminal investigations.c. This house would make parents liable for their children抯crimes.8. Governing & Governmenta. THW make one-year military service a qualification for public servants.b. TH would require government officials to make full financial disclosure to the public.c. THW make all NPC representatives full-time, professional legislators. Octofinals: Medical servicea. China should ban hymen reconstruction surgeries.b. China should legalize physician-assisted suicide.c. The World Health Organization (WHO) should have the authority to quarantine in times of health crises.Quarterfinals: Judiciarya. China should apply capital punishment only to homicide cases.b. China should fully establish a jury-by-peers system.c. Judges should be elected.Semifinals: International IssuesSemifinal #1a. The Shanghai Cooperation Organization should admit Iran as a full member.b. The United Nations should take control of Jerusalem.c. NATO should fully withdraw from Afghanistan before 2012.Semifinal #2a. The USA should stop promoting democracy as part of their foreign policy.b. Pre-emptive strikes on Somalia to curb piracy are justified.c. This house supports Spain抯criminal prosecution of members of the Bush administration.FinalsThe PRC should ban the production, sale and consumption of all tobacco products.。

【外研杯-复赛范文】Constant Renewal-注释版

Constant RenewalDear ladies and gentlemen,It is a profound[1]honor to stand before you today and expound[2]on the theme of"Constant Renewal,"a fundamental[3]tenet[4]ingrained[5]in the rich tapestry[6]of traditional Chinese culture.As the ancient proverb resonates[7],"If one can achieve self-improvement[8]in a single day,then let it be[9]a daily pursuit,forever building upon each successive[10]refinement[11]."Originally etched as an admonition[12]on a bathtub by Shang Tang,the esteemed[13]founder of the Shang Dynasty,its essence lies in the purifying ritual of bathing,symbolizing the shedding of impurities and the emergence of a refreshed self.In contemporary[14]parlance[15],it signifies that each dawn heralds[16]a new chapter,affording us the opportunity to refine and elevate[17]ourselves through the transformative[18]process of renewal.Our esteemed leader,President Xi Jinping,has often invoked[19]this ancient wisdom in his exhortations[20]on the importance of perpetual[21]renewal and innovation,emphasizing[22]its pivotal[23]role as the animating[24]spirit of national progress and the wellspring[25]of our country's development,occupying a preeminent[26]position among the New Development Concepts.In this era of relentless[27]change,characterized by the rapid march of science and technology,we can no longer rely solely[28]on the familiar comfort of past knowledge and experience to navigate[29]the shifting landscapes[30]of our world.Instead,we are compelled[31]to embark[32]on a journey of perpetualself-improvement,contributing our unique voices and actions to this golden age and striving[33]to keep pace with its relentless rhythm[34].A case in point[35]is Liu Xingsheng,a researcher at the forefront of high-power laser technology*[36],who is tirelessly refining[37]the latest applications,pushing the boundaries[38]of progress.Even before their official unveiling[39],these innovations[40]have garnered[41]significant interest from markets both domestic and abroad[42],underscoring[43]the critical[44]importance of constant renewal in propelling[45]personal growth and continuously honing[46]our skills and knowledge.This ethos[47]is not only integral[48]to our individual[49]quest to remain relevant[50]in this century of momentous[51]transformation but also holds profound[P2T1]significance for collectives[52]seeking to realize their aspirations[53].Consider the likes of Huawei,a paragon[54]of Internet companies,whose relentless[P4T27]pursuit[55]and application of 5G technology are poised[56]to revolutionize[57]society,unleashing[58]a new wave of productivity and efficiency.It is aptly[59]said that"success is not the preserve[60]of enterprises alone;it belongs to those who are in sync[61]with the times."In my estimation[62],a truly outstanding enterprise is one that never rests on its laurels,but rather continuously evolves[63],paving[64]the way for unforeseen[65]breakthroughs and future triumphs[66].For a developing China,the ethos[P5T47]of constant renewal serves as a catalyst[67]for both the sustained[68]advancement[69]of our economy and society and the cultivation[70]of a deep-seated[71]sense of confidence and pride among our people.In this interconnected[72]world,by embracing this spirit,China can elevate[P3T17]its technological prowess[73]and innovative[74]capabilities,carving[75]out a more prominent[76] niche[77]in the global arena[78]of competition.Constant RenewalDear ladies and gentlemen,It is a profound[1]honor to stand before you today and expound[2]on the theme of "Constant Renewal,"a fundamental[3]tenet[4]ingrained[5]in the rich tapestry[6]of traditional Chinese culture.【注释】1.profound英/美/prəˈfaʊnd/adj.意义深远的;严重的;深邃的felt or experienced very stronglyn.(空间、时间等的)深邃，深奥的事务2.expound英/美/ɪkˈspaʊnd/v.(formal)阐述;详述;详解expound sth.to sb.|expound on sth.3.fundamental英/美/ˌfʌndəˈmentl/adj.基本的;根本的;基础的;十分重大的;不能再分的n.基础;基本原理;基本规律;根本法则a basic rule or principle4.tenet英/美/ˈtenɪt/n.宗旨;原则;信条;教义5.ingrained英/美/ɪnˈɡreɪnd/adj.根深蒂固的6.tapestry英/美/ˈtæpəstri/n.挂毯;织锦;壁毯;绣帷vt.用挂毯装饰;在一块挂毯中制织出或描绘;罩上绣花罩毯【译文】今天，我非常荣幸地站在大家面前，阐述“不断更新”的主题，这是中国传统文化丰富多彩中根深蒂固的基本原则。

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