海明威《永别了,武器》技术性语言的误译

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a farewell to arms双重含义的阐释

a farewell to arms双重含义的阐释
《永别了，武器》是美国作家海明威的一部小说，讲述了第一次世界大战期间美国士兵亨利与英国护士凯瑟琳之间的爱情故事。

小说的标题“永别了，武器”有着双重含义，可以理解为战争中的武器告别与爱情中的离别。

首先，从战争的角度来理解，《永别了，武器》的标题传递出战争的暴力与残酷，以及对武器的讽刺。

战争是一场暴力的游戏，而武器是残酷与毁灭的象征。

小说中，作者通过描写战场上的恐怖景象，揭示了战争中人与人之间的残忍、无情和杀戮，这是对战争的痛苦现实的真实体现。

同时，标题中的“永别了”也暗示了人们对战争的厌倦和渴望结束战乱，将暴力与武器留在过去，追求和平与安宁。

其次，从爱情的角度来理解，《永别了，武器》的标题传递出离别之痛与心灵的永恒连接。

小说中的亨利与凯瑟琳之间的爱情充满了火热与痛苦，战争成为了他们之间分离和离别的原因。

在爱人的离别中，他们不得不与武器共处，作为对抗战争的工具。

这种离别沉重地落在他们的心灵上，他们希望和平可以来临，结束痛苦与分离。

在这样的爱情背景下，标题中的“永别了”不仅代表着他们对暴力与战争的告别，也象征着他们心灵深处的联系与相爱不渝。

综上所述，《永别了，武器》的标题既是对战争中的武器和暴力的告别，也是对爱情中的离别和心灵永恒连接的阐释。

小说通过这个标题，向读者传递了对战争的反思与沉思，展现了战争与爱情中的人性矛盾与挣扎。

文学伦理学视域下《永别了,武器》解读

第38卷第5期Vol.38 No.5长春师范大学学报Journal of Changchun Normal University2019年5月May 2019文学伦理学视域下«永别了ꎬ武器»解读仇㊀慧ꎬ张㊀琳(东北石油大学外国语学院ꎬ黑龙江大庆１６３３１８)[摘㊀要]«永别了ꎬ武器»是迷惘的一代作品中的佼佼者ꎬ充分反映了人们高涨的反战情绪和不朽的爱情主题ꎮ本文从小说的伦理环境出发ꎬ逐一梳理了战争和爱情两条伦理线ꎬ通过主人公亨利从主动参战到厌弃战争逃离战场的心理变化呈现出战争对伦理秩序的破坏ꎬ同时根据亨利和凯瑟琳爱情故事的不断展开展现了爱情力量对伦理秩序重新建立的过程ꎬ从而揭示了战争的毁灭性力量和爱情在战争环境中的弱小和无助ꎮ[关键词]文学伦理学ꎻ«永别了ꎬ武器»ꎻ迷惘的一代[中图分类号]Ｉ７１２.０７４㊀㊀[文献标志码]Ａ㊀㊀[文章编号]２０９５－７６０２(２０１９)０５－０１１３－０４美国著名小说家海明威作为迷惘的一代作家中的代表人物ꎬ其作品«永别了ꎬ武器»也成为２０世纪初反战小说中的经典之作ꎮ在这部小说中ꎬ主人公亨利对战争的态度由最初的热情转向最终的厌弃ꎬ发生了巨大转变ꎮ同时ꎬ他与凯瑟琳的爱情关系从萌芽到确立以及最终的幻灭也充满波折ꎬ这些都从不同的角度揭示了战争的冷酷无情及其对人类的残害ꎮ小说中ꎬ美国青年亨利响应政府号召ꎬ在第一次世界大战期间志愿前往意大利参战ꎬ担任救护车驾驶员ꎬ其间ꎬ他与战地医院的英国护士凯瑟琳相遇相识ꎮ凯瑟琳悉心照料受伤的亨利ꎬ两人随之相爱ꎬ并在米兰度过了一段美好的时光ꎮ亨利伤愈后不得不离开已经怀孕的凯瑟琳返回前线ꎬ却发现意军在战场上节节败退ꎬ亨利在执行撤退任务过程中被狂乱的意大利军队袭击ꎬ继而受到意军拦截并被战场宪兵随意判处枪决ꎮ亨利在最后时刻跳入河中逃脱并隐藏身份逃往米兰寻找凯瑟琳ꎮ后来ꎬ两人逃到中立国瑞士度过了一段平静幸福的日子ꎮ然而ꎬ凯瑟琳最终死于难产ꎬ婴儿也未能幸存ꎬ留下亨利一人独自面对世事的冷酷无常ꎮ一㊁写作背景文学伦理学认为ꎬ 伦理环境是文学产生和存在的历史条件ꎮ文学批评必须回到历史现场ꎬ即在特定的伦理环境中批评文学ꎮ [１]一战时期欧洲的动荡不安在很大程度上导致了亨利的悲剧ꎮ«永别了ꎬ武器»以第一次世界大战的意大利战场为背景ꎬ本为同盟国成员的意大利背信弃义ꎬ投入协约国的阵营ꎬ而其本身的军事力量又不足以抵抗奥匈帝国和德国的军队ꎬ因此不得不在协约国其他成员国的帮助下勉力维持ꎮ在双方力量几乎消耗殆尽㊁战局明显向协约国一方倾斜的时候ꎬ美国宣布参战ꎬ站在协约国一边ꎮ美国总统威尔逊号召本国年轻人为了结束一切战争ꎬ去欧洲打仗 ꎮ海明威作为美国红十字会的志愿者ꎬ参加了开赴意大利米兰的野战救护队ꎮ«永别了ꎬ武器»中的主人公亨利的经历则是基于海明威战时遭遇的本色创作ꎮ战争结束时ꎬ意大利惨胜ꎬ伤亡人数超过１６０万ꎬ其中６０万阵亡ꎬ２２万终生残疾ꎮ在这样的伦理环境下ꎬ战争与爱情成为这部小说最主要的两条线索ꎮ两条伦理线交织在一起ꎬ时明时暗ꎬ在揭示战争的丑陋残酷的同时讲述灰暗战争背景中的爱情故事ꎬ亨利的形象也更为鲜活ꎮ二㊁伦理秩序的破坏美国在战争初期向战争双方兜售武器大发战争财ꎬ而后为了更大的利益直接参与了战争ꎬ但是在对内宣[收稿日期]２０１８－１１－２３[基金项目]黑龙江省哲学社会科学研究规划项目美国迷惘的一代文学伦理学研究 (１７ＷＷＢ０６５)ꎮ[作者简介]仇慧ꎬ女ꎬ副教授ꎬ硕士ꎬ从事英语教学和教育技术学研究ꎻ张琳ꎬ女ꎬ讲师ꎬ硕士ꎬ从事英语教学和教师教育研究ꎮ３１１传时却将自己置于道德高地ꎬ鼓励年轻人为了自由和平而战ꎮ在这样的客观环境下ꎬ亨利对战争的观点在不断地变化ꎬ这个起初积极响应政府号召的热血青年渐渐地认识到战争的本来面目ꎬ并最终决定与战争单方面媾和 ꎮ小说的开头并未涉及惨烈的战争场面ꎬ只是平直地描述了亨利所观察到的萧条景象和战友间无聊的调侃ꎮ这时的亨利身在战场ꎬ怀揣着捍卫世界民主的梦想ꎬ但对战争本身似乎知之甚少ꎮ 祖国需要我时ꎬ我就去了ꎬ叫我做什么ꎬ我就做什么ꎬ我什么都做ꎬ那不过是我的义务ꎮ [２]亨利起初恪尽职守ꎬ充满责任感ꎬ他仔细检查车胎ꎬ看看有没有划破或石头蹭破的地方 ꎬ 这一揽子事情的顺利运作ꎬ很大程度上要靠我个人 ꎮ随后ꎬ他意识到个人不会成为战场上的决定因素ꎬ 那儿有我没我并没多大关系 ꎬ甚至连最初入伍的目的都开始模糊起来ꎮ当凯瑟琳问起他为什么身为美国人居然进入意大利军队时ꎬ他回答: 我也不知道ꎬ并非每件事都能说清楚的 ꎮ当护士长问起相同的问题时ꎬ亨利的理由不过是因为会讲意大利语ꎮ此时ꎬ战争对于亨利而言是一个模糊的概念ꎬ 它跟我毫无关系 ꎬ不过是为了完成祖国交付的任务换了个地方工作而已ꎬ死亡也似乎是遥不可及的ꎮ因此ꎬ他和战友要么不按规定配枪ꎬ要么枪支在手却无法击中目标ꎬ 我知道我是不会送命的ꎮ这场战争不会要我的命ꎮ就像电影里的战争一样ꎬ对我本人没有什么危险 ꎮ这时的亨利虽然对战争的目的不甚明确ꎬ但仍然将之当作自己应当完成的责任ꎬ乐观以对ꎮ在战场上奔波的过程中ꎬ亨利接触到各个阶层的军人ꎮ从与他们的对话中ꎬ他渐渐意识到战争的另外一面ꎮ美国原本是战争的中立方ꎬ利用售卖武器聚敛了大笔财富ꎬ这种不参与到实际战场上的行为对普通民众影响不大ꎮ但在战争后期ꎬ美国政府为了获得战后瓜分世界的资格ꎬ打着维护世界秩序的旗号向德国宣战ꎬ也不可避免地将大量美国青年带入了战争的旋涡ꎮ而意大利政府在一战中的角色也并不光彩ꎬ叛出同盟国加入协约国的行为使意大利军方的决策蒙上了不忠不义的阴影ꎬ这些也必然会影响到意军参战人员的信心和士气ꎮ美国和意大利出尔反尔的行为使两国政府在道德层面上出现瑕疵ꎬ这在一定程度上引发了战士对决策者的信任危机ꎮ亨利在战场上遇到的各型各色的人无不对这场战争抱有抵触的情绪:弄丢了疝带而导致病情恶化的士兵告诉他有人会故意生病或受伤来逃避上前线ꎻ一起执行任务的司机们更为尖刻地指出有的士兵要靠枪毙来逼迫才会出击ꎬ甚至是由于惧怕家人被株连而被迫冲锋陷阵ꎻ最终ꎬ他们作出人人恨这场战争的结论ꎬ并敏锐地感知到统治阶级的荒谬无能ꎬ 一个国家有个统治阶级ꎬ这统治阶级是愚蠢的ꎬ什么都不懂ꎬ并且永远不会懂得ꎮ因此就有了这场战争ꎮ而且他们还借此发财 ꎮ士兵们意识到了政府所谓的正义根本站不住脚ꎬ不过是为了满足少数人的欲望而置广大战士于危险的境地ꎮ战争的残酷被赤裸裸地揭露在亨利的面前ꎬ士兵同军官及政府的对立情绪使他越发地怀疑他参加这场战争的意义何在ꎬ 一战是欧洲列强重新瓜分欧洲之战ꎬ与美国何干? [２]随后ꎬ血腥的战斗场面愈发加重了亨利的疑惑ꎮ他和司机们休息的掩体遭到了敌军迫击炮弹的袭击ꎬ一个战友在他面前挣扎死去ꎬ他试图救治其他人ꎬ但发现自己也受了重伤ꎬ这时ꎬ亨利亲历了战争可怕的一面ꎬ 我看着我的腿ꎬ心里非常害怕 ꎬ他真切地体会到了战争的恐怖和死亡的威胁ꎮ我使劲呼吸ꎬ可又无法呼吸ꎬ只觉得灵魂冲出了躯壳ꎬ往外冲ꎬ往外冲ꎬ我的躯壳始终在风中往外冲ꎮ迅即间ꎬ我的灵魂全出了窍ꎬ我知道我已经死了ꎬ如果以为是刚刚死去ꎬ那是大错特错ꎮ [３]战争对于任何人来说都是残酷的ꎬ士兵会随时面临死亡ꎬ陷入战争的百姓随时会有生命财产的损失ꎮ对于对战双方政府来说ꎬ一场战役的输赢未必会影响整个战局ꎬ但是对于士兵和百姓来说ꎬ任何伤亡损失对他们都是决定性的ꎬ决定他们能否继续过自己想要的生活ꎮ但是进行这样一场伤亡惨重的战争又到底是为了什么呢?亨利觉得不知道美国跟奥国有什么势不两立的 ꎬ同样ꎬ跟其他国家的矛盾也是这样ꎬ对于普通士兵来说ꎬ这种模糊的参战目的是遥不可及或难以理解的ꎮ在随后辗转救治的过程中ꎬ亨利再次体验到了战争中产生的混乱ꎮ军医在为亨利检查时说ꎬ 值勤时受的伤ꎮ这样一来ꎬ军事法庭就不会说你是自残了 ꎬ这一说法更加印证了疝气士兵所描述的军官对于士兵的不信任ꎬ同时也反映出士兵对于政府的猜疑和对逃离战场的渴望ꎮ同时ꎬ转运的过程中亨利发现位于他上层担架的士兵不断地流血ꎬ而司机在听到亨利的示警求助后仍然无动于衷未加任何援手ꎬ最终那名士兵失血而死ꎮ军事法庭㊁救援人员是政府在战场上的代言人ꎬ而原本应承担起支持和救援责任的他们毫不掩饰地流露出多疑和无情的卑劣嘴脸ꎬ他们给予战士的不是应有的信任和支持ꎬ而是不知所谓的怀疑和对伤患遭遇的漠不关心ꎮ亨利通过自身的经历再次确认了战争中政府同士兵之间关系的崩塌ꎬ同时也对战争的本质加深了４１１怀疑ꎮ在野战医院中ꎬ昔日的战友里纳尔迪前来看望亨利ꎬ他试图帮助亨利回忆或创造受伤时的英勇事迹ꎬ希望能够借此为亨利申请一枚银质奖章ꎬ而亨利对此却反映平平ꎬ似乎得不得奖章对他来说无所谓ꎮ荣誉和勋章原本是战士最值得骄傲的东西ꎬ然而在一战的意大利战场上ꎬ荣誉可以通过虚构和作假来取得ꎬ为此亨利不得不怀疑他为了这样的政府和友军在战场上拼杀是不是值得ꎮ至此ꎬ亨利的心中对于所谓荣誉㊁正义等等军人的责任感和使命感越来越模糊ꎬ亨利甚至对战争的意义和军人一直引以为傲的荣誉都充满了怀疑和鄙视ꎮ如今观察了这么久ꎬ我可没见到什么神圣的事ꎬ那些光荣的事也没有什么光荣ꎬ至于牺牲ꎬ那就像芝加哥的屠宰场ꎬ只不过那肉不再加工ꎬ而是埋掉罢了ꎮ什么神圣㊁光荣㊁牺牲㊁徒劳之类的字眼ꎬ我一听到就害臊ꎮ诸如光荣㊁荣誉㊁勇敢㊁神圣之类的抽象名词ꎬ若跟村名㊁路号㊁河名㊁部队番号和日期放在一起ꎬ那简直令人作呕ꎮ[３]战场在亨利的眼中等同于屠宰场ꎬ深陷战争的人们就是屠宰场里待宰的羔羊ꎬ他们的牺牲没有任何意义ꎬ而所谓的荣誉在亨利看来不过是给了屠杀冠冕堂皇的理由ꎬ这场帝国之间分赃不均所引发的战争打破了人们对于正义的幻想ꎬ消磨了士兵对政府的信任ꎬ也摧毁了战士对荣誉的信仰ꎮ撤退的过程更加混乱ꎬ亨利等人面临的不仅仅是德军的威胁ꎬ 意大利人对我们的威胁比德国人还要大 ꎬ被吓坏的意大利人已经成为惊弓之鸟ꎬ对什么都害怕ꎬ看到什么都乱开枪ꎬ一同撤退的战友艾莫就这样死在自己军队的枪下ꎬ他们的遭遇使亨利对这场战争丧失掉了最后一点希望ꎬ 不但是军队ꎬ整个国家都在退却 ꎬ回家成了他唯一的期盼ꎮ之后遇到的意大利战场宪兵更是令亨利绝望ꎬ也成了压垮亨利军人梦想的最后一根稻草ꎮ亨利因为无辜被抓而试图反抗ꎬ随后受到毙了他的威胁ꎻ因为外国口音被怀疑是穿着意大利军装的德国人 ꎬ他不得不等待面对愚蠢的审问 ꎻ目睹撤退中的中校被诬叛国而被枪决使他意识到形式上的审问最终的判决全部是枪决最后一丝活着离开战场的希望也破灭了ꎬ亨利乘人不备跳入河中逃离了可怕的战场ꎬ他放弃了自己的责任ꎬ也与战争脱离了干系ꎮ 愤怒和责任一起ꎬ都在河里被冲洗掉了ꎮ其实ꎬ早在宪兵伸手抓住我衣领时ꎬ我的责任就停止了ꎮ我洗手不干了ꎮ这不再是我的战争了ꎮ [３]亨利亲眼见证了战争所导致的伦理秩序的土崩瓦解ꎬ在战场上他经历了捍卫世界理想的破灭ꎬ目睹了统治阶级同战士间信任的消失ꎬ也深切体会了军人荣誉感和信仰的崩塌ꎬ他从一个盲目的参战者成长为认清了战争本来面目的消极战士ꎬ并最终毅然决然地远离战争ꎬ最终完成了对战争本质的深刻认识ꎮ三、伦理秩序的重建亨利在战场上从蒙昧到清醒的过程中深刻地认识到战争中大部分的伦理秩序都陷于混乱ꎬ本应成为军人精神支柱的参战目的㊁政府权威㊁荣誉感和信仰都被破坏ꎬ他需要另一种秩序来稳定和填补他的精神世界ꎮ亨利在与凯瑟琳的情感在战场上伦理秩序不断坍塌的时候渐渐明晰起来ꎬ爱情的力量重建了亨利心中的情感秩序ꎬ从而使他趋于内心的平和ꎮ小说开篇的亨利对战争懵懂ꎬ对爱情同样一知半解ꎮ整天混迹在军营的亨利不可避免地听战友们随意地谈论女人ꎬ他们当中很多人缺乏对女性的最基本的尊重ꎮ身处这样的环境下ꎬ亨利同凯瑟琳最开始的交往不过是逢场作戏ꎬ没有付出任何的真心ꎮ他在与凯瑟琳第二次见面的时候就试图亲吻她ꎬ可笑的是ꎬ不是因为喜欢或者爱ꎬ而是因为觉得凯瑟琳长得很美ꎮ当凯瑟琳反复问起他会不会对她好时ꎬ亨利的反应居然是该死 ꎮ恐怕这时的亨利只是把凯瑟琳当做一个随时可以丢弃的负担ꎬ连朋友都算不上ꎮ第三次见面的时候ꎬ亨利对凯瑟琳对他执行任务的关心略显不耐烦ꎬ这表明亨利不想凯瑟琳太过介入他的生活ꎬ她是别人而非自己人 ꎮ当凯瑟琳问他是不是说过爱她的时候ꎬ他违心地撒谎答是的 ꎬ但是心里面却清楚地知道自己并没有任何爱她的念头 ꎬ不过是场游戏ꎬ不比打牌更郑重ꎮ同时ꎬ凯瑟琳也清楚他们之间的关系不过是战争中的消遣ꎬ是一场戏 ꎮ尽管如此ꎬ他们的相处还是在亨利的生活中留有痕迹ꎮ当想见凯瑟琳却未见到时ꎬ亨利会觉得孤单又空虚 ꎮ亨利与凯瑟琳之间的交往没有任何规则的约束ꎬ其关系存在着极大的不确定性ꎬ他们还没有触碰到爱情的门槛ꎮ亨利与凯瑟琳的再见就是发生在受伤修养期间的米兰医院了ꎮ亨利一个人躺在陌生的医院ꎬ身体承受着巨大的痛苦ꎬ心中满是对伤情的忐忑ꎬ而熟悉的战友又不在他的身边ꎬ这时ꎬ凯瑟琳突然出现在他的面前ꎬ就像５１１一道阳光给了他抚慰和希望ꎮ 我一看见她ꎬ就爱上了她ꎮ我神魂颠倒ꎮ我爱她爱得发疯了ꎮ我不敢相信她真的来了ꎬ便紧紧地抱住她ꎮ [３]此时ꎬ凯瑟琳成为亨利在伤痛和陌生环境中的唯一精神依靠ꎬ亨利清楚地知道ꎬ正是这次受伤促成了他和凯瑟琳关系的进一步发展ꎬ他们的爱情初露端倪ꎬ 上帝知道ꎬ我本来是不想爱上她的ꎮ我也不想爱上任何人ꎮ但是上帝知道我已经爱上了她ꎮ [３]养伤期间ꎬ亨利和凯瑟琳的感情一日千里ꎬ任何短暂的分别都像是一场长途旅行ꎬ每次见面都是久别重逢ꎬ在他们心中ꎬ他们就像是真正的夫妻ꎬ 她到医院的头一天ꎬ我们就算是结婚了 ꎮ在遥远的异国战场上ꎬ身负重伤的亨利正处于最为迷惘和无助的时候ꎬ凯瑟琳的出现带来了他乡遇故知的喜悦ꎬ而她悉心的照料恰好缓和了亨利由于参战目的和意义动摇所引发的冲击ꎬ情感秩序的初步建立弥补了战场上伦理秩序缺损导致的心理伤痕ꎮ这段时间是战争中亨利和凯瑟琳一起度过的最安静美好的一段时光ꎬ他们一起出去吃饭ꎬ一起郊游ꎬ凯瑟琳对亨利细致入微的照料给他带来了家一样的感觉ꎮ亨利也渐渐地对凯瑟琳越发关心ꎬ越发能够体会凯瑟琳的心思变化ꎬ他渐渐地从一个情场上玩世不恭的浪子变成了一个有责任心的爱人ꎮ不久之后ꎬ凯瑟琳怀孕了ꎬ然而离别也随之而来ꎬ亨利伤愈后很快要重返前线ꎬ以前对生死不屑一顾的亨利郑重其事地买了枪ꎬ这是亨利对自己生命的负责ꎬ也是对凯瑟琳的负责ꎬ他不想凯瑟琳再一次经历未婚夫阵亡的惨痛经历ꎮ离开前他们在旅馆的相聚是他们对家的全部憧憬ꎬ旅馆的房间就像是曾经的病房ꎬ就是他们的家ꎬ里面有甜蜜温馨和他们浓浓的情谊ꎬ以及他们对家的渴望ꎮ在这里ꎬ他们依依惜别ꎬ亨利决定将丈夫和父亲的责任承担起来ꎬ家庭伦理秩序在他心中初见雏形ꎮ重返战场的亨利时时想念着凯瑟琳ꎬ哪怕做梦都惦念着她ꎬ他们的感情融入到亨利的生活中不可分割ꎮ独自逃亡的时候ꎬ亨利仍然不由自主地想起凯瑟琳ꎬ心里充满对她的想念和愧疚ꎬ生怕想她却没有把握见到她 ꎮ当亨利辗转找到凯瑟琳时ꎬ亨利对侍者称凯瑟琳是他的妻子ꎬ家的概念在亨利的头脑里根深蒂固了ꎮ对亨利来说ꎬ凯瑟琳是他的一切ꎬ有凯瑟琳的地方就像是回到了家ꎬ不再感到孤独 ꎬ 其他事情都不真实了 ꎮ从此ꎬ他们决定再也不分开ꎬ哪怕面临被逮捕的风险ꎬ他们也一起冒险横渡湖区逃往中立国瑞士ꎬ在这个过程中ꎬ他们彼此鼓励彼此关怀ꎬ亨利也义无反顾地承担起一个丈夫应该承担的保护妻子的责任ꎬ并最终在瑞士建立了自己的小家ꎬ也端正和确立了爱情和家庭这一伦理秩序ꎮ生产前ꎬ亨利和凯瑟琳在一起过着平安幸福的生活ꎬ两个饱受战争磨难的人暂时脱离了战争的阴影ꎬ可他们还是丝毫不敢浪费在一起的时光 ꎮ好景不长ꎬ凯瑟琳在生产时出现了难产的迹象ꎬ亨利在忐忑不安的等候ꎬ一方面心疼可怜巴巴的亲爱的凯特所遭受的痛苦和折磨ꎬ另一方面又担心现有安定生活的破灭ꎮ亨利在脑海中反复九次提到万一她死去可怎么办? 这里体现出的不仅仅是凯瑟琳生死间的挣扎ꎬ也包含着亨利对未知结果的深切恐惧ꎬ最终在医生提出剖腹产时ꎬ一句带着感叹号的她万一死去怎么办! 将亨利的恐惧推到了顶点ꎮ万一凯瑟琳死了ꎬ爱情赋予亨利的精神支持消失殆尽ꎬ依附其上的家庭伦理秩序随之破灭ꎬ他的整个生活将重归无秩序状态ꎬ毁于一旦ꎮ最终ꎬ孩子死了ꎬ凯瑟琳也没能活下来ꎬ亨利同凯瑟琳告别ꎬ 就像跟石像告别 ꎮ从此以后ꎬ亨利的生活灰暗一片ꎬ如一潭死水不起波澜ꎮ他们还是没能逃脱战争的影响ꎬ恶劣的生存条件打破了他们好不容易建立起来的秩序ꎬ重新将他们推入了可怕的灾难ꎬ打破了他们对美好生活的一切幻想ꎬ 任何人的死亡ꎬ无论是在战争中还是在平常的生活里ꎬ都是没有意义的ꎮ在战争中死去与在恋爱中死去ꎬ结局都是一样的ꎮ [２]四㊁结语在战场上ꎬ亨利目睹的是秩序的破坏和崩塌ꎬ在爱情之路上ꎬ亨利努力地寻找方向建立秩序ꎬ然而这一切努力ꎬ放在战争的环境下ꎬ显得那么的弱小和无助ꎬ最终都会灰飞烟灭ꎮ 亨利的迷惘是别无选择的必然结果和时代的悲剧ꎮ [４]亨利的遭遇就像战后老兵遭遇的写实ꎬ他们在悲惨的现实世界中很难愈合身心的伤痛ꎬ战争的打击对他们而言是摧毁性的ꎬ因此ꎬ 迷惘的一代的出现ꎬ归根结底ꎬ是战争的恶果ꎮ[参考文献][１]聂珍钊.文学伦理学批评:基本理论与术语[Ｊ].外国文学研究ꎬ２０１０(１).[２]杨仁敬.海明威:美国文学批评八十年[Ｍ].上海:上海外语教育出版社ꎬ２０１２:９－１５.[３]欧内斯特∙海明威.永别了ꎬ武器[Ｍ].成都:四川文艺出版社ꎬ２０１７.[４]吴然. 硬汉海明威作品与人生的演绎[Ｍ].北京:昆仑出版社ꎬ２００５:８１.６１１。

《永别了,武器》的小说主题探析

《永别了，武器》的小说主题探析导读：本文《永别了，武器》的小说主题探析，仅供参考，如果觉得很不错，欢迎点评和分享。

《永别了，武器》的小说主题探析作者/蒋晓娟作为1953年普利策文学奖和1954年诺贝尔文学奖得主，厄内斯特，海明威（1899-1961）被公认为20世纪美国最优秀的作家之一。

他的杰出之处在于通过简洁的电报体文风表现深刻的主题，并且创建了独特的海明威风格。

笔者将以语言学作为研究手段，通过具体话语剖析《永别了，武器》中蕴涵的欲、战、殇主题。

旨在剖析小说各行各业角色的话语，对比源语言在不同语境下的变化来揭示小说的反战主题。

一、通过引用诗歌与《圣经》表达厌战主题海明威对词语选择的用心考究，从他对小说《永别了，武器》的题目推敲中可见一斑。

在放弃了32个拟定的题目之后，海明威从乔治，皮尔的诗歌标题中找到了小说题目——《永别了，武器》。

与乔治·皮尔探索爱情的主题不同，海明威的小说标题采用语意双关的修辞手法揭示战场上没有所谓光荣与荣誉，爱情终将消亡的事实。

小说题目既可以理解为“永别了，武器”，也可以理解为“永别了，爱情”，小说题目让小说战争与欲望的主题跃然纸上。

美国小说家菲茨杰拉尔德曾说：“作家的文风往往表现在他喜欢使用的语法句型和词语的选择上，二者同样重要。

遣词是一种更深刻的语言视角，既能深化已有的观点，还能提供新视点。

”遣词与造句相辅相成，使文学作品焕发出新的光彩。

海明威在1939年写给俄国文学评论家伊凡·卡什金的信中说：“我们都知道战争很糟糕，然而有时人们必须战斗。

但战争是可怕的，任何否认这一点的人都是在撒谎。

”在《永别了，武器》小说中，主人公对战争的看法是逐步从一位旁观者转变为逃避者和反对者，这种转变可以从海明威精准的用词、诗歌和《圣经》引用中得以证实。

以小说主人公弗雷德里克，亨利（下文简称亨利）为例，起初他对于一战还心存幻想，认为战争和死亡离他很遥远。

亨利在1917年春天对战争的印象是模糊的，更像是个旁观者。

《永别了武器》的语言特点与艺术表现

yuwenjianshe001@65《永别了，武器》的语言特点与艺术表现中国石油大学（华东）文学院赵春霞摘要：《永别了，武器》是美国作家海明威的作品之一，该作品结合作者个人的战争经历，有着浓郁的自传色彩。

在《永别了，武器》这部作品中，海明威为读者呈现了一个给年轻一代造成无法弥补的身体和心灵创伤的故事，其在语言与艺术表现方面也有着很多特色。

本文在对《永别了，武器》这部作品进行简要介绍之后，重点分析了作品所体现的独特语言特点与艺术表现，以期能够提炼出这部作品的创作特色，为文学创作和鉴赏提供一定的参考和借鉴。

关键词：《永别了，武器》语言特点艺术表现引言《永别了，武器》是一部表现战争与爱情的悲剧作品，表现了主人公曲折的人生经历。

这部作品将战争与爱情紧密结合，将战争的残酷及其对爱情的影响淋漓尽致地表现出来，在语言特点与艺术表现方面都有着独到之处。

充分了解《永别了，武器》这部作品的语言特点与艺术表现，能够帮助作家尤其是小说创作者进行创作，有效增强小说创作的艺术表现力。

一、《永别了，武器》基本内容介绍《永别了，武器》是由美国著名作家海明威于1922年创作，1929年出版的小说作品，也是海明威早期代表作。

这部作品以爱情与战争为主线，阐述了作者对战争及人生的看法与态度，是现代文学的重要名篇之一。

《永别了，武器》讲述的是美国青年亨利经历战争与爱情的故事，在战争中，亨利经历了被炮弹炸伤、意军在前线士气大跌、面临被枪决危险以及逃亡等波折；在爱情方面，亨利与凯瑟琳经历了相识、相恋、离别、以及最终凯瑟琳难产而死的波折，导致最后亨利独自在外流亡。

这些故事情节反映了海明威人生中的现实遭遇，尤其是在1922年至1929年期间的遭遇。

在这一段时间里，海明威经历了诸多的变故，一方面是婚姻问题，他经历了两段婚姻；另一方面是家庭问题，他的父亲由于疾病困扰却无法得到有效的医治选择饮弹自尽。

这些变故给海明威带来了很大的打击，也使得他对人生有了更多的理解与看法。

谈海明威永别了武器中意象手法的运用

谈海明威《永别了，武器》中意象手法的运用A Talk about the Use of Imagery in Hemingway’s A Farewellto Arms摘要在众多伟大的美国作家中，海明威以其独特的写作风格而著称。

在他所有的作品中，《永别了，武器》这部小说是最能体现他独特写作手法的一部作品。

这部小说语言看似简洁自然，其实却蕴含了作者的精心揣摩和润色加工。

小说简洁自然的语言背后隐藏了深刻的意义和感情。

海明威在小说中运用了独特的意象写作手法——即形象化比喻的方法。

小说中有多个意象并且被巧妙地贯穿起来。

海明威以大自然为背景，形象生动地描写了高山的广阔,平原的危险,雨的不期而至等。

本文主要讨论这篇小说的意象手法的运用。

全文共分为七个象征，分别是高山、平原、水、星星、雨、雪和凯瑟琳的头发，并逐个分析了它们的比喻和象征意义。

很显然海明威善于意象手法的使用。

本文通过分析了七个事物的象征意义，来探讨意象手法在小说中的使用特点。

能使读者从不同的观察角度得到不同的象征意义，更好的来解读《永别了，武器》这部世界性经典作品。

使读者能从不同的角度得到不同的主题。

对内涵和新意具有更进一层的理解。

关键词：意象手法高山平原水雨Being distinguished from many great American writers, Hemingway is noted for his writing techniques. Among all of his works,A Farewell to Arms is a typical one which can display his unique writing techniques among his novels. The language Hemingway uses in this novel is simple and natural superficially but actually they're selected deliberately and artificial. The simplicity of the novel is highly suggestive and often reflects the strong undercurrent of emotion. In A Farewell to Arms,Hemingway uses his unique imagery technique that is a metaphor to describe the characters or settings in a novel. He employs the nature as the background of his novel. This essay not only analyzes the clarity of the mountains, the danger of the plains and the unknown of the rain and so on, but also mainly discusses the use of image in the novel. There are seven symbols analyzed in this essay: mountains, plains, water, stars on Frederic’s uniform, rain, snow and Catherine’s hair. And it analyzes the metaphorical and symbol meanings of mountains, plains, water, stars on Frederic’s uniform, rain, snow and Catherine’s hair. It’s clear that Hemingway is good at employing the imagery technique. By analyzing the metaphorical and symbolic meaning of mountains, plains, water, stars on Frederic’s uniform, rain, snow and Catherine’s hair，presented in i t. The paper aims to explore the features of Hemingway’s use of imagery in the novel and make readers have a good comprehension of the different symbolic meanings from different perspectives and understand the theme fully from different aspects in order to read this novel, the world classic work.Key words: imagery technique mountains plains water rain1Introduction (1)2 A General Introduction to Ernest Hemingway and his Novel, A Farewell toArms (2)2.1A Brief Introduction to Hemingway (2)2.2A Brief Introduction to A Farewell to Arms (3)3 Comment on Writing Technique of Hemingway’s A Farewell to Arms─theUse of Image (5)3.1 The Imagery Use of Mountains and Plains (5)The Mountains (6)The Plains (8)3.2 The Imagery Use of Water and the Stars on Frederic’s Uniform (9)Water (9)The Stars on Frederic’s Uniform (11)3.3 The Imagery Use of Rain and Snow (11)Rain (11)Snow (14)3.4 The Imagery Use of Catherine’s Hair (15)4 Conclusion (15)References (17)1. IntroductionErnest Hemingway has always been one of the world's best-known novelists for the use of imagery techniques. His writing styles and techniques of image are more different from others especially. He uses them very well that the readers do not always pick them up. The novel A Farewell to Arms written by Hemingway is a classic about the love story of a nurse and a war-ridden soldier. The story starts as Henry, the main character in A Farewell to Arms, serving in the Italian Army. He meets his future love in the hospital that he gets put in for various reasons; A Farewell to Arms is a good novel with a lot of symbols. Imagery is placed strategically through the novel.In A Farewell to Arms, Hemingway uses his unique imagery technique that is a metaphor to describe the characters or settings in a novel. He uses the nature to structure the novel. Nature serves as a basic structure for the plot and the actions that occur and the background of his novel. It also emerges as a source of symbols that replace human sentiment or feelings. When Catherine, the heroine dies, there is no mention of sadness or pain. Instead, Hemingway only uses rain as the symbol of her death. The replacement of emotions with symbols allows Hemingway to frequently understate what is really going on in the action. He further uses symbols to completely omit references to sentiments or feelings. This essay not only analyzes the clarity of the mountains, the danger of the plains and the unknown of the rain and so on, but also mainly discusses the use of image in the novel. It can be divided into seven symbols analyzed in this essay: mountains, plains, water, stars on Frederic’s uniform, rain, snow and Catherine’s hair. And it analyzes the metaphorical and symbolic meanings of mountains, plains, water, stars on Frederic’s uniform,rain, snow and Catherine’s hair. It’s clear that Hemingway is good at employing the imagery technique. By analyzing the metaphorical and symbolic meaning of mountains, plains, water, stars on Frederic’s uniform, rain, snow and Catherine’s hair, the paper aims to explore the features of Hemingway’s use of imagery in the novel and make readers have a good comprehension of different symbolic meanings from the different perspectives and understand the theme fully from different aspects in order to read this novel──the world classic work. A Farewell to Arms is full of facts, most of which comes from Hemingway's own experience. So the way to use a variety of symbols is also a very important writing technique employed in this novel. This essay mainly discusses the symbols of the novel. And it's clear thatHemingway is good at presenting images.2. A General Introduction to Ernest Hemingwayand his Novel, A Farewell to Arms2.1 A Brief Introduction to HemingwayErnest Hemingway was born in Oak Park, near Chicago on July 21, 1899. His father, a well-to-do physician bequeathed his son a way of life, and of death, initiated him into the rituals of hunting and fishing in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. In 1917, after graduation from high school, Ernest Hemingway went to work as a reporter for The Kansas City Star. Rejected for army service in the World War I because of poor vision, he volunteered to serve as a driver for an American ambulance unit in France. Hemingway then transferred to duty on the Italian front, where he was seriously wounded in the explosion of a mortar shell. He was the first American to be wounded in Italy during World War I. After his recovery, and with decorations for which he believed he did not deserve, Hemingway returned home. He worked for the Toronto Star, covered the Grace-Turkish war as a foreign correspondent, and then returned to Paris, Hemingway-along with Gertrude Stein, Ezra Pound, T.S.Eliot, and James Joyce-accomplished a revolution in literary style and language.They were called the Last Generation in American Literature. Hemingway developed a spare, tight, reportorial prose based on simple sentence structure, the use of a restricted vocabulary, precise imagery, and an impersonal, dramatic tone. His three stories and ten poems were published in 1923.With the publication of The Sum Also Rises, three years later, Hemingway became the spokesman for what Gertrude Stein had called “The Lost G eneration”.His works have sometimes been read as an essential commentary on a modern world filled with sterility, failure, and death. Yet such a nihilistic vision is repeatedly modified by Hemingway affirmative assertion of the possibility of living with style and courage. His primary concern was an individual’s “moment o f truth,” and his fascination with the threat of physical emotional or psychic death is reflected in his novels (A Farewell to Arms, published in 1929, and For Whom the Bell Tolls, published in which mainly described the cruel war and the scenes of the wars, 1904), The bullfight (Death in the Afternoon, 1932), [9] and the hunt (The Green Hills of Africa, 1935). To Hemingway, man’s greatest achievement is to show grace under pressure, or what he described in The SunAlso Rises as holding the “purity of line through the maximum of exposure”.Hemingway’s stat us as a writer was confirmed with the publication of in his novel, A Farewell to Arms, 1929.The novel chiefly portrayed the main characters’desire for saying a farewell to war and longing for gaining love. Hemingway had rejected the romantic ideal of the ultimate unity of loves, suggesting instead that all relationship of the main characters would end in their death. In1937, he became a foreign correspondent covering the Spanish Civil War. Three years later he published For Whom the Bell Tolls. Witnessing and experiencing the Spanish Civil War. Hemingway restated his view of love which was lost due to the war and described the indomitable spirit of the common people .In 1952 the same judgment was reflected in his portrayal of the old fisherman, Santiago, triumphant even in defeat, in the old Man and the Sea.For his novels and for his shout stories, which include some of the finest in the English language? Hemingway received wide acclaim. In 1954 he was award ed a Nobel Prize for his “mastery of the art of modern narration.” He became a public figure whose pronouncements and adventures were publicized and scrutinized throughout the world. Numerous Parallels exist between the events of Hemingway’s life and those of his characters, but few were closer than those of Richard Cantwell, the hero of Across the River and into the Trees (1950), whose eventual suicide foreshadowed the struggles and defeats of Hemingway’s final years. In the early morning of July 2, 1961, standing beside his beloved gun rack in his home, he died of head wounds resulting from the discharge of his favorite shotgun, in his own hand.2.2 A Brief Introduction to A Farewell to ArmsA Farewell to Arms is one of Ernest Hemingway’s famous novels which announce Hemingway’s opposition to wars. The author wrote the novel by adopting the first call to narrate the story.Lieutenant Frederic Henry, a main character was a young American attached to an Italian ambulance unit on the Italian front. When Henry returned to the front leave he learned from his friend, Lieutenant Rinaldi, which a group of British nurses had arrived during his absence to set up a British hospital unit. Rinaldi introduced him to a nurse named Catherine Barkley.Between ambulance trips to evacuation posts at the front, Henry called on Barkley, The young man and girl fell in love with each other but he couldn’t stay with her because he should go to the front. Before he left for the front to take, shegave him a St. Anthony medal as a gift.At the front, as Henry and some Italian ambulance drivers were eating in a dugout, an Austrian projectile exploded over them Henry, badly wounded in the legs, was taken to a field hospital. Later he was moved to a hospital in Milan. Catherine Barkley came to the hospital and Henry recognized that she was in his lover and he became very excited. The doctors told Henry that he would have to lie in bed for six months before they could operate on his knee. Meanwhile, Catherine Barley managed to stay with Henry constantly. After his operation Henry convalesced in Milan with Catherine Barkley as his attendant.Summer passed into autumn. Henry’s wound healed and he was due to take convalescent leave in October. He and Catherine planned to spend the leave together, but he came down with jaundice before he could leave the hospital. The day before he left for the front, Henry and Catherine stayed together in a hotel room; already she had disclosed to him that she was pregnant.Henry returned to the front with orders to load his three ambulances with hospital equipment and go south into the Povalley. Morale was at low ebb. Rinaldi admired the job, which had been done on the knee and observed that Henry acted like a married man. War weariness was all- pervasive. At the front, the Italians, having learned that Germ divisions have reinforced the Austrians, began their terrible retreat from Caporetto. During the night the retreat was halted in the rain for hours.At daybreak Henry cut out of the long line and drove across country in an attempt to reach Udine by side roads. The ambulance got stuck in a muddy side road.By that time the Italian army was nothing but a frantic mob Soldiers were throwing down their arms and officers were cutting insignia of rank from their sleeves. Henry was detained, but in the dark of night he fled free, plunged into the river, and escaped on a log. He crossed the Venetian plain on foot. Then jumped aboard a freight train and rode to Milan, where he went to the hospital in which he had been a patient. There he learned that the English nurses had gone to Stresa.During the retreat from Caporetto Henry had made his farewell to arms. He borrowed civilian clothes from an American friend in Milan and went by train to Stresa, where he met Catherine, who was on leave. The bartender of the hotel in which Henry was staying offered his boat by means of which Henry and Catherine could escape to Switzerland. Henry rowed all night. They reachedSwitzerland safely and were arrested. Henry told the police that he was a sportsman who enjoyed rowing and that he had come to Switzerland for the winter sports. The valid passports and the ample funds that Henry and Catherine possessed saved them from serious trouble with the authorities.During the rest of the fall and the winter the couple stayed at an inn outside Montreux.When the time for Catherine’s confinement approached, she and Henry went to Lausanne to be near a hospital, because Catherine was to give birth to a baby. At the hospital Catherine’s pains caused the doctor to use an anesthetic on her. Suffering from pair for hours she gave birth to a dead baby. The nurse sent Henry out to get something to eat. When he went back to the hospital, he learned that Catherine had had a hemorrhage. He went into the room and stayed with her until she died. Experience the sctrence grief, there was nothing he could do, no one he could talk to, and no place could he go. He left the hospital and walked back to his hotel in the dark. It was raining.3. Comment on Writing Technique of Hemmingway’s AFarewell to Arms—The Use of Imagery The novel A Farewell to Arms written by Ernest Hemingway is a classic about the love story of a nurse and a war-ridden soldier. The story starts as Frederick Henry is serving in the Italian Army. He meets his future love in the hospital that he gets put in for various reasons. I thought that A Farewell to Arms was a good novel because of the symbolism, the exciting plot, and the constant moving of the main character.Hemingway is capable of employing symbols in his novel to mean something more .The symbols convey his sense of the world’ s futility and horror that were always more significant than the characters who personified them . A Farewell to Arms marks Hemingway’s maturity at his writing techniques. In this novel Hemingway employs an imagery way to create the characters and plots to symbolize the different meanings and sense of the characters, theme of the novel. This paper will take about seven images used by Hemingway.3.1 The Imagery Use of Mountains and PlainsHemingway makes use of some very important images in this novel. Even as early as the first paragraph, he sets up two major symbols — the plains and the mountains —which will be in conflict throughout the story. Hemingwayrepresents the plains as dangerous, miserable, dry, and barren. The mountains, on the other hand, represent safety, happiness, and good health. The military action that Frederic Henry witnesses takes place on the plains, and his escape, through the cleansing, baptismal ritual of jumping into the river, reaches its end in the secluded mountain chalet with Catherine. But Frederic must take Catherine out of the mountains and back down to the city below to the hospital where she is to give birth, disaster strikes again. The critic Carlos Baker's essay, "The Mountain and the Plain,"[1] is an excellent source for studying these aspects of Hemingway's use of symbolism.The MountainsThere are some uses of imagery of mountains following in which the author uses the mountains to replace some special meanings.(a) Fredrick is wounded at the end of the long mountain road leading to the front.(b) Fredrick is bothered by the strategic difficulties of mountain warfare.(c) Fredrick and Catherine go to Switzerland because it is "snowing" in the mountains there.(d) The lovers are anxious to get a mountain cabin in the snow.(e) Catherine dies in the mountainous country of Switzerland.The author adopts the mountains to provide a sense of safety to Fredric Henry. Henry and the ambulance driver are eating in a small dugout, waiting for the battle to start. Henry comment on the battle, which was to begin for four hundred twenty or mineworker. He said that the battle would start. But the battle fields aren’t any four hundred twenties away in the mountains. This statement indicates the characters of more safety, from the mountains because the enemy’s larger guns are harder to transport in the mountains. It implies that fighting is also less successful in the mountains for enemy. Tactically speaking, a mountain is not very mobile, so “in the old days the Austrians were always whipped them there”[3].The mountains do not only provide safety in the war; they also give a convenience for Henry and Catherine to escape to Switzerland. As they row across the lake, the mountains in the moonlight are watching over them. As the novel puts “Looking back I could see the long dark point of Castagnola and the lake with white-caps and beyond, the moon on the high snow mountains”[3] The police in Switzerland, as well, are helpful and courteous to the two runaways. When they are arrested in the customs town, the policeman, after seeing theyhave money and passports, His attitude toward them become less haughty. This is another image of safety in the mountains added to Hemingway’s description. Switzerland is a country full of mountains. Hemingway designed the plot of Henry and Catherine’s escaping there. It is evident the author symbolize the mountains as a safe place for the couple. Hemingway also points out Switzerland with it’s blending in so simple and moving a fashion of the eternal notes of love. The plot also states it can be allowed that the lovers are not free of the contaminating shadow of war until they have escaped up the lake and mountains of Switzerland established themselves in their little chalet above Montreux.The mountains give a sense of home in A Farewell to Arms. After Henry and escaped into the Swiss Alps, they stayed, “in a brown wooden house in the pine trees on the side of the mountain and at night there was frost so that there was a thin ice over the water on the two pitchers on the dresser in the morning. Their stay in the Alps continued until the spring rains came and they decided to move into town. Carlos Baker, a literary critic explains the conditions they found there, saying that they were very happy. This vision of home is the main point of discussion in Carlos Bader’s The Mountain and the Plain. He argues the Home-concept, for example, is associated with the mountains; with dry-cold weather; with peace and quiet; with love, dignity, healthy, happiness, and the good life [1]. It is clear that the mountains portray all of those things Baker lists.With the mountains comes the cold, and with the cold comes clarity. While on the Alps with his girlfriend, Henry gained an appreciation for the cold, as he opened the windows and saw the night and the cold stars and the pine trees below the window and then got into bed as fast as he could, It was lovely in bed with the air so cold and clear and the night outside the window. While isolated from the war by the mountains, it was never lost on Henry that the war was still going on, He thought, the war seemed as far away as the football games of some one else’s college. But he knew from the papers that they were still fighting in the mountains because the snow would not come. This is an interesting description with an implication. If they were still fighting it would not snow again. The description is also an image which would have a meaning that the war was actually affecting the weather, and stopping the peaceful snows. There is more interestingly snowing hard outside. The snow in the mountains shows Carlos Baker’s notion of love, dignity, health, happiness and the good life.The majesty and serenity of the mountains soon begins to portray religiousideas. The clearest example of this is a priest, whom Henry made a friend with. The priest is from Abuzzi, a mountain town where his family still lives. Henry mentioned his upcoming leave, and the priest said:I would like you to go to Abuzzi” As Henry travel ed through the lower mountains he saw more and more mountains, mounting on top of each other which looked like the Pope in the celebrated. Alps on Alps arise’ Hemingway us es the mountains here to symbolize more safety and friendship from his priest friend to Henry. The priest continued to extend his kindness to Henry after him injured by the trench mortar, and he completed a bridge between religions and kindness, in the mountains.Although the mountains have a very strong presence in the novel as a place of home, safety, and kindness, there is still some ambiguity in how Hemingway has presented it. Through the first chapter of the novel, Hemingway presents a situation where the war is taking place within the mountains that are so sacred, He wrote that there was fighting in the mountains and at night they could see the flashes from the artillery. In the dark it was like summer lightning, but the nights were cool and there was not the feeling of a storm coming. The fighting in the mountains, with the death and the suffering, causes some doubt that the mountains are all forgiving and benevolent. It brings to light that it is the cold that is associated with the mountains and the snow there that symbolizes the good things in life. E. M. Halliday notes this in his writings, which comment on Hemingway’s image of the mountains, would expect to find, despite this difficulty, a salient artistic emphasis of the plain in symbolic association with all those images which his interpretation sets against those coalescing around the mountain symbol. [2]3.1.2 The PlainsThe second image used by Hemingway is the plains. He uses plains to symbolize a more unsafe feeling of the main characters in A Farewell to Arms. The plains provide a contrast to the mountains, both in a physical sense and in a literary sense. Where the mountains provide an image of safety, the plains have a more unsafe feeling. Henry’s retreat through Italy moved him through the countryside. He and the other drivers stopped at an abandoned farmhouse to rest, but the girls they brought from the town wouldn’t go in. As they get closer to Udine, they start seeing German troops along the bridges. Aymo, one of the men Henry drove with, was shot, and Henry said it was because they started across the field. The cleanliness and clarity are shown in A Farewell to Arms if themountains are also brought into opposition. The captain who was always picking up the priest was from the plains, and their contrasts are brought out when the captain said “Come on. We go to the whorehouse before it shuts”. Nearing the end of the novel, Henry and Catherine go to the town of Lausanne from Montreux. It seems depressing, and quite a change when they took the train from Lausanne to Montreux. Looking out the window toward where they had lived they could not see the mountains for the clouds. This plot shows Henry and Catherine left the mountains and also went out of their safety. The train was moving forward the plain. It brought them unsafe feeling.War images and associations are linked to the plains very strongly throughout the novel. As a contrast between the mountains and the plains again, wars are always launched and held in the plains.However the link between the plains and bad things is enough evidence which comes to the unsafe feeling of the main characters. They may not have an absolute association. At the beginning of the novel there is a description of the place in which Henry lived. Hemingway describes how Henry left from his village and then was across the river and the plain to go for the mountains. This description implies Hemingway’s image that the plain would be war, pestilence, and plague. At the same time Hemingway describes the plains with crops; there are many orchards of fruit trees in the plains and beyond the plain, the mountains are brown and bare. On the superficially such description of the plains seems contradictory. Actually the author wants to make his artistic emphasis of the plain in symbolic association with all those images which his interpretation sets against those coalescing around the mountain symbol.3.2 The Imagery Use of Water and the Stars on Frederic’s UniformWaterThe two symbols best noticeable in this novel are the water. The third image used by Hemingway is water. In the novel there are some representative symbolic uses of the water:(a) The city of Gorizia, where Fredrick is stationed, is separated from the Austrian front by a river.(b) During the Caporetto retreat in Book III, Fredrick and his company are trapped on the "enemy" side of the river, a place where the distinction betweenallies and opponents becomes blurred. In this symbolic no-man’s land, Aymo is killed by a retreating fellow Italian and Fredrick is assumed to be an Austrian in an Italian uniform.(c) Fredrick escapes being executed by the caribinieri by jumping into the Tagliamento River(d) Fredrick and Catherine escape to the neutral country of Switzerland by rowing across Lake Maggiori in Book IVIn the novel the water symbolizes new, clean life that Henry is going to live a new life after escaping from the war. In the novel water is also depicted as a way for Henry to escape. Hemingway uses rivers and lakes repeatedly as an escape device. Henry, while being captured by the ‘battle police’ of the Italian army, witnessed two other officers were killed, At that point, he decided to flee by means of the river, diving in the river with a splash. He escaped from the Italians with luck and through a fast flowing river, Malcolm Cowley, a literary critics states that ‘he is performing a rite of baptism that prepares us for the new life he is about to lead as a deserter from the Italian army. Henry’s anther escape gained success by way of Lake Geneva as Henry and Catherine left Italy for Switzerland, as he saw the lights of the hotel he was rowing out until they didn’t see the lights. They come near a sea running but they were going with the wing.The cleaning power of water, seen in other literary works, is also described very evident in this novel. Fredric Henry’s jump into the Tagliamento River became a huge turning point in the story. It signaled his departure from the life of a man in the army, and he said anger was washed away in the river along with any obligation. This left him free of any connection to the Italian army or to anything associated with it, at least in his mind. More symbolically, water provides clarity for Fredric when he thinks about it.The bed of the river in the middle distance referring to the first paragraph of the novel produces a sense of clearness, dryness, whiteness, and sunniness, which is to grow very subtly under the artist’s hands until it merges with one of the novel’s two dominant symbols, the mountain-image. However river image is completely separate from the mountain image. The river must, of course, flow from the mountains, but in the perspective seen from the house occupied by Fredric Henry, it would appear to be very close it hand-closer than the plain, and quite in contrast to the distant mountains. Most likely, it is a combination of both. All rivers do begin in the mountains, yet they also flow through the plains。

_隐秀_美学风格之传译_以海明威_永别了_武器_汉译为例_周晔

2010年2月第26卷　第1期外国语文F o r e i g n L a n g u a g e a n d L i t e r a t u r eF e b.,2010V o l.26　N o.1“隐秀”美学风格之传译———以海明威《永别了,武器》汉译为例周　晔(国防科技大学外语系,湖南长沙　410073;解放军外国语学院英语系,河南洛阳　471003)提　要:目前,国内外文学界对海明威的创作风格及其作品的美学内涵有诸多卓有成效的研究,但对其作品汉译研究的个案分析却不多见。

笔者以《永别了,武器》为例,阐明海明威的“冰山”原则与刘勰的“隐秀”观在美学效果上有异曲同工之妙。

并以“隐秀”风格的传译为视角,通过对大陆和台湾两个汉译本的比较与分析,指出汉译的问题与不足,总结出“隐秀”美学风格的传译对策。

关键词:海明威;《永别了,武器》;刘勰;“隐秀”;翻译中图分类号:H315.9 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1674-6414(2010)01-0115-05O n t h e T r a n s l a t i o no f t h e A e s t h e t i c S t y l e o f Y i n a n d X i u:Wi t hAF a r e w e l l t o A r m s f o r a C a s e S t u d yZ H O UY eA b s t r a c t:T h i s a r t i c l e i s a na t t e m p t t oa n a l y z e E r n e s t H e m i n g w a y's u n i q u el i t e r a r ys t y l e i nAF a r e w e l l t oA r m s,w i t ha c o m p a r a t i v e s t u d y o f L i uX i e's Y i na n dX i ul i t e r a r yc o n c e p t a n dH e m i n g w a y's“i c e b e r g”p r i n c i p l e.T h e p u r p o s e o f t h i s c a s e s t u d y i s t o s u g g e s t s o l u t i o n s t oC h i n e s e t r a n s l a t i o nf o r t r a n s l a t o r s o f l i t e r a t u r e t h a t i s h i g h l y c h a r a c t e r i s t i co f Y i na n d X i u.K e y w o r d s:H e m i n g w a y;AF a r e w e l l t o A r m s;L i u X i e;Y i na n dX i u;t r a n s l a t i o n 1.刘勰的“隐秀”观和海明威的“冰山”原则 “隐秀”是我国南北朝著名文学评论家刘勰在《文心雕龙》里提出的一条重要的贯穿我国古代文学作品的创作规律,反映了文学作品的一种美学追求。

《永别了,武器》汉译本的“假象等值”现象

高存（１９７９－），女，山东郓城人，副教授，博士研究生，硕士生导师，研究方向：西方翻译理论和文学翻译研究。
·８６·
绵阳师范学院学报（哲学社会科学版）
的内容和形式都完美呈现在译文中，译文读者能像原文读者那样深切感受到原文的意旨所在。这不仅要求译者将原语形式搬到译入语中，还应深切透彻地钻入原文精髓，挖掘原作者写作意图，具备良好文学素养。这些文学素养包括：能区分原语与译语各自的话语与思想类型，并能找到这两种语言的对应点；能掌握人物在特定场景下的话语与思想的特点；能联系历史文化因素，将话语与思想类型和小说人物的社会角色关联起来。
关键词：文学文体学；《永别了，武器》；小说翻译；假象等值；审美价值中图分类号：Ｈ３１５９文献标志码：Ａ文章编号：１６７２－６１２Ｘ（２０１８）０１－００８６－０５
一、引言
文学文体学是一门介于文学评论与语言学的专门学科，其目的是研究作者语言措辞对整体作品的影响。文体学家通常将内容和形式对立起来考虑，并给出了一条等式来阐明它们之间的关系：意思（事实内容）＋（表达形式的）文体价值＝（总体）意义［１］２４。也就是说，小说事实内容（故事情节）是作者构思出来确定不变的，而同样的事实内容又可以有不同的表述，因此分析文本的时候只探究语言形式。可以说文体学真正关心的是语言形式和中心思想之间的关联程度，对于翻译作品，不能将是否传达了原文的内容作为评价译本好坏的标准。但是本文并不抛开内容层面，将从内容和叙事视角两个层次来分析小说《永别了，武器》中文译本里看似准确，却背离小说情节或主题思想的“假象等值”现象。
面看起来非常一致，然而实际上它们的文学价值或意义却大相径庭。
译文之所以会出现 “假象等值 ”，第一，是因为译者并未完全意识到原文作者使用不符合常理内容的结构功能目的所在，或无法辨认出作者有意识的编码，所以无法阐述或解释出原文中令人疑惑的内容，从而翻译成看似贴切流畅的语句。第二，译者也可能会调用自身的惯常逻辑，在翻译过程中将某些内容偷梁换柱，变成自认为比原文本意更符合常理的内容，由此扼杀了原文的审美价值。第三，译者的个人感情色彩可能会无意识地介入对原文的阐释，这种感情色彩与个人兴趣与心理学的首因效应有关。这样其文学能力的匮乏可能就会反映在译作里，包括不熟悉小说相关主题，缺乏感知原文情节在结构或主题等更大层面上的意义的技能。第四，原文小说人物话语思想的意义或语言形式与译入语文化之间存在差异。在意义层面上，译者特地将原文的离奇内容在翻译中正常化，而实际上这些原文内容匠心独妙；两种语言在形式层面上的迥异，加上不适当的翻译策略，很可能会导致译文文学效果不复存在。

浅谈《永别了武器》的用典互文艺术

浅谈《永别了武器》的用典互文艺术作者：郭欣欣范婷婷来源：《文学教育·中旬版》2020年第08期内容摘要：诺贝尔奖获得者欧内斯特·海明威一生创作出无数经典的作品，《永别了，武器》是海明威的经典作品之一。

本文基于互文性理论分析《永别了武器》中的用典艺术，解读《永别了武器》与《圣经》的互文关系，从而深刻地理解《永别了武器》的作品内涵，为研究海明威提供了一个全新的角度。

关键词：互文性《永别了武器》用典欧内斯特·海明威是美国最杰出、最有影响力的作家之一，他一生创作了许多著名的小说，受到了全世界人们的赞赏。

作为“迷惘的一代”的代表作家之一，他对美国乃至世界文学产生了巨大影响，1950年学术评论家和学者开始关注海明威的作品，并从不同角度研究海明威的作品。

除了“硬汉”等传统主题和“冰山理论”外，评论家也对性别、阶级、种族以及对自然和宗教态度进行研究。

经过对海明威国内外研究的深入分析发现国内外对海明威作品与其他作品之间的互文关系研究比较少。

因此，本文尝试对海明威《永别了武器》和《圣经》的用典互文性进行解读，为海明威的作品研究提供了新的角度，希望能客观地发现海明威小说的叙事风格，挖掘海明威作品的内在含义，从而更深刻地理解海明威作品中所蕴含的艺术魅力。

一.互文性理论互文性是20世纪最重要的文学理论之一。

它起源于索绪尔的结构主义，1966年法国理论学家朱莉亚·克里斯蒂娃首次定义了互文性：即两个或更多文本之间的隐性或显性的参照关系。

该理论表明，所有文本都属于一个符号系统，并且该符号系统是开放的。

作者的权威地位并不能完全决定文本的解释方式，也不能完全决定其心理、社会地位和历史。

读者对文本的破坏成为关注的焦点，甚至变得越来越重要，互文阅读中断了传统的线性阅读，它将所有文本关联起来，并将它们放入系统中，所以不存在绝对隔离的文本，文本之间彼此关联。

一個文本的解释必须依赖于其他文本。

热奈特在狭义的互文性中定义了互文性的五个子类型，其中包括不同文本之间有非常特定的关系，例如引用，用典，超文本等。

《永别了,武器》在中国的译介

《永别了，武器》在中国的译介欧内斯特·海明威(Ernest Hemingway,1899-1961)是20世纪著名的美国小说家,其早期代表作《永别了,武器》以特有的思想内涵和独特的艺术风格,被誉为“迷惘的一代”的最高成就,和美国现代文学的典范之作。

小说在中国也具有极大的影响力。

本论文将在译介学研究的基础上,对小说八十多年来在中国的出版、发行、研究和评论情况进行系统地梳理和阐释,以求从宏观上认识《永别了,武器》在中国的译介历程和研究现状。

本论文主要分为三部分：第一部分是1976年文革结束前小说在中国的译介情况。

这一部分又可细分为三个阶段：第一阶段是抗战前对小说的译介,第二阶段是抗战开始到新中国成立,第三阶段是新中国成立到文革结束。

第二部分是1977年以来《永别了,武器》在中国的译介状况,这也是本论文的重点论述对象。

到了新时期,社会主义文化开始全面发展,国外的文学理论也开始传入中国,《永别了,武器》终于迎来了春天,部分旧译本再版,新译本层出不穷,学术论文逐年增加,这说明中国学术界对该小说的译介与研究正在不断地发展。

笔者将围绕人物形象研究、小说思想研究、小说的艺术特色研究、译本研究以及相关的电影影评五个方面来展开论述。

此外,笔者在相应章节下也会引入美国对该小说的相关研究作为补充,并对一些异同和侧重点做出解释。

第三部分是运用相关的翻译理论对小说在中国的传播史进行分析。

笔者从当时的政治语境出发,运用埃文·佐哈尔(Even Zohar)的多元系统理论和勒费弗尔(Andre Lefevere)的操纵理论,从政治、意识形态、语言、文学、翻译等多角度考察,深入探究特定时期内操纵《永别了,武器》译介的各种因素,对小说译介过程中表现出来的特点进行文化层面的分析,以期对该小说的译介情况及背后原因作更系统的研究。

能从这一个案中,可以看出译入语文化体系内的诸多因素到底是如何对文学作品的译介产生影响的。

从整体的研究状况来看,文革结束后,学者们越来越多地从多元视角展开研究,极大地开拓了《永别了,武器》的研究范围。

《永别了,武器》的复调性分析的开题报告

《永别了,武器》的复调性分析的开题报告
题目：《永别了，武器》的复调性分析
研究背景：
《永别了，武器》是美国作家海明威的代表作之一。

该小说以一战
期间意大利军队在非洲打击反对派武装的故事为背景，揭示了个人的叛
逆和对战争的反感，也表达了作者对战争和人性的深刻思考。

在小说中，作者采用了复调性的叙述方式，通过不同人物的视角、语言和情感交织
来呈现战争的残酷和个人的挣扎。

因此，对《永别了，武器》的复调性
进行深入研究不仅可以加深对小说的理解，还能对复调性的概念和应用
进行探究。

研究目的：
本研究旨在通过对《永别了，武器》的复调性分析，探究小说的叙
述结构、人物形象和主题含义，了解复调性对小说创作的意义和应用。

研究内容：
1.复调性的概念和类型
2.《永别了，武器》的叙述结构和复调性元素
3.小说主要人物形象和复调性表现
4.《永别了，武器》的主题和复调性呈现
5.复调性在小说创作中的意义和应用
研究方法：
本研究采用文学批评和比较文学的互补方法，结合小说内容和复调
性的理论分析，通过数据整理和梳理，深入解析小说的复调性特点和主
题意义。

研究意义：
本研究将为复调性理论的探究提供实例分析，增强对复调性应用的理解和认识。

同时，研究也会深入探究《永别了，武器》的创作意图，对小说的艺术价值和文化内涵做出深入分析，让读者更好地体会海明威的文学风采和思想价值。

《永别了，武器》两种中译本比较研究

A Comparative Research on Two Chinese Versions
of A Farewell to Arms
作者：郑美香
作者机构：福建江夏学院人文系应用外语教研室,福建福州350108
出版物刊名：绥化学院学报
页码： 138-141页
年卷期： 2012年第3期
主题词：风格;词语的选择;句法;人物身份与语言;特殊名词
摘要：�永别了，武器》是美国著名作家海明成的一篇重要小说。

以《永别了，武器》的两个中译本作为研究对象，从译文词语的选择、句法、人物身份与语言、特殊名词的翻译四个角度来探讨文学翻译中风格的可译性和译者的策略，以及海明威风格的保留与再现。

简评海明威的《永别了,武器》

作者：桂扬清
出版物刊名：南京师大学报：社会科学版
页码： 79-82页
主题词：海明威;第一次世界大战;战争宣传;凯瑟琳;现代美国;美国小说;意大利;芝加哥;小说家;作品
摘要： <正> 现代美国小说家厄纳斯特·海明威(1899——1961)出生于芝加哥郊区的一个医生家庭。

他在中学读书时就经常给学校里的报刊写稿。

毕业后他不愿上大学,当过短时期的记者,然后去欧洲了。

第一次世界大战时,他在意大利参加了救护队,有一次在救护伤员的时候,自己负了重伤。

战后他又当了一。

再谈文学翻译中的风格传译——析《永别了,武器》的两个中译本

2422013年第1期总第123期No.1. 2013Sum 123佳木斯教育学院学报再谈文学翻译中的风格传译——析《永别了，武器》的两个中译本孙飞飞（厦门大学外文学院福建厦门 361005；龙岩学院外国语学院福建龙岩 364012）摘　要：风格是文学作品的灵魂，是语言形式和语言内容的最高统一。

风格的传译是翻译过程中一个不可或缺的部分。

本文通过对《永别了，武器》的两个中译本进行案例研究，探讨了文体风格有限度的可译性及风格传译的一般方法。

关键词：文体风格；可译性；文体标记；《永别了，武器》中图分类号：H315.9 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-9795（2013）01-0242-02收稿日期：2012-12-15作者简介：孙飞飞（1983-），女，湖北随州人，助教，从事二语习得方向的研究。

文体风格是文学作品的灵魂，是语言形式和语言内容的最高统一。

为使译文的读者能够和原文的读者受到同样的启迪、感触和审美享受，风格的传译就成为翻译过程中一个重要部分。

奈达曾说：翻译的过程就是用译入语对源语言进行意义和风格上的最贴切和最自然的再现。

(Nida，1984:12) 对风格的考量已俨然成为对译作质量进行评估的一个重要标准。

风格传译长久以来都是文学翻译中最为微妙和复杂的问题之一，因此笔者想就此问题做一番实践和探讨。

一、文体风格及其可译性关于风格的定义，张今有过很好的诠释：“作家的风格实在分为两个方面——精神方面和物质方面。

作家风格的精神方面就是作家的形象，作家的精神面貌：作家风格的物质方面就是作家所喜爱用的词语、句型、修辞手法和艺术手法及其重复频率。

”(张今，1987:92)风格可译吗？至今仍有少数翻译家认为原作的文学风格是不可译的，但风格可译的观点已经越来越广泛地被译界所接受了，许钧在《关于翻译的“风格”》中甚至说到：“译者应以传达原作风格为己任。

”(许钧，2007：87)笔者也认为风格是相对可译的，因为如果从语言学的角度去研读原作风格，找出每一个构成其风格的语言学载体，那它就自然能被识别和翻译出来了。

功能对等理论指导下对《永别了，武器》两个中译本的比较研究

2021年49期总第593期ENGLISH ON CAMPUS【摘要】美国语言学家尤金·奈达提出了功能对等理论，强调翻译时两种语言功能上的对等。

海明威的作品《永别了，武器》在世界范围内享有盛誉。

本文以奈达的功能对等理论为指导，从词汇对等、句法对等、篇章对等和文体对等四个方面对林疑今和于晓红两位译者《永别了，武器》的中译本进行研究，探究如何在翻译时采用合适的方法，自然准确地再现原文的意象。

【关键词】翻译；功能对等理论；《永别了，武器》；比较研究【作者简介】李智媛(2000.12-)，女，汉族，河南济源人，中国地质大学(武汉)，本科在读，研究方向：英语语言文学。

一、功能对等理论1969年，美国著名语言学家和翻译理论家尤金·奈达提出了自己翻译理论的核心：功能对等理论，强调“翻译时不求文字表面的死板对应，而要在两种语言间达成功能上对等”。

奈达力求以最贴近、自然的方式传达作者的写作风格，并注重读者的理解与反应。

整体而言，奈达提出的功能对等理论可分为四个方面：词汇对等、句法对等、篇章对等和文体对等。

二、功能对等理论在《永别了，武器》两译本中的体现“迷惘的一代”代表作家海明威的小说《永别了，武器》是美国文学史上一颗璀璨的明珠，它被翻译成不同的语言，拥有世界范围内庞大的读者群体。

在小说中，亨利许多勇敢的朋友死于枪林弹雨，他深爱的凯瑟琳最终死于难产。

海明威凭借自己对社会敏锐而深刻的理解，揭示了战争的残酷与非人道性，以及人类在战争面前的渺小与脆弱。

本文运用奈达的功能对等理论，对林疑今和于晓红的两个中译本进行了比较分析，探究功能对等理论对文学作品翻译的指导意义。

1.词汇对等。

词汇对等强调“一个词的意义在于它在语言中的用法”。

由于海明威的作品使用了大量简单通俗的日常表达，促使读者理解起来并不那么困难。

然而，能否准确地翻译单词的意义和词组搭配，直接影响到原著小说的整体风格和主题呈现。

接下来，笔者将从人物语言和特殊名词翻译的角度对《永别了，武器》的词汇对等进行分析。

《孙子兵法》视域下的《永别了,武器》新解

《孙子兵法》视域下的《永别了,武器》新解金钱伟;杨树喆【期刊名称】《重庆第二师范学院学报》【年(卷),期】2012(025)005【摘要】《孙子兵法》不仅是兵书,还是一部哲学著作,其支撑点就是人的生存。

美国作家海明威的名作《永别了,武器》文本的召唤结构,呼应了《孙子兵法》的精神内涵：反战。

《永别了,武器》苦苦追问人的价值、精神的归宿、未来的出路,其文本彰显的荒诞和虚无正是执着于＂人的存在＂本真状态,文学的终极关怀书写的是人的本真生存、精神的觉醒归宿、美好的家国生活等价值诉求。

%The Art of War by Sun Zi is a book not only on the art of war,but also on philosophy.The strong point of it is about man's survival.The call structure of the text of A Farewell to Arms echoes the spirit connotation of The Art of War by Sunzi —— anti-war idea.A Farewell to Arms pursues man's value,spiritual destination and path to future.The absurdity and nothingness shown in the text reflects the real state of man's existence.The ultimate concern of literary writing is about man's existence,awakened spiritual destination and beautiful life of family and country.【总页数】5页(P78-81,93)【作者】金钱伟;杨树喆【作者单位】广西师范大学文学院,广西桂林541006;广西师范大学文学院,广西桂林541006【正文语种】中文【中图分类】I106【相关文献】1.文化创伤理论视域下海明威《永别了,武器》浅析 [J], 姜源穗2.永别的仅仅是武器吗?--海明威代表作《永别了,武器》赏析 [J], 周卫军3.文学伦理学视域下《永别了,武器》解读 [J], 仇慧;张琳4.文学伦理学视域下《永别了,武器》解读 [J], 仇慧; 张琳5.《永别了 ,武器》中的虚无主义 [J], 李莉因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。

战争导致的人性扭曲——海明威《永别了,武器》简析

战争导致的人性扭曲——海明威《永别了,武器》简析
于洋
【期刊名称】《海外英语》
【年(卷),期】2013(000)06X
【摘要】该论文将重点探析战争对海明威本人,对小说《永别了,武器》中的人物以及那个时代的社会的影响。

战争给人们带来的不仅是身体上创伤,人们精神和意识状态也发生了改变,心理上也受到折磨,战争最终导致了人性的扭曲。

【总页数】2页(P208-209)
【作者】于洋
【作者单位】海南外国语职业学院
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】I712.074
【相关文献】
1.战争带来的迷惘r——评海明威的《永别了武器》 [J], 何波
2.简析海明威《永别了,武器》的写作语言 [J], 马琳
3.海明威的人生观和他的自杀之谜——简析《永别了,武器》 [J], 姜晓娜
4.战争导致的人性扭曲——海明威《永别了,武器》简析 [J], 于洋
5.浅析《永别了,武器》中海明威的战争观 [J], 孙永杰
因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。

打破爱情浪漫史的神话——解读海明威的《永别了,武器》

打破爱情浪漫史的神话——解读海明威的《永别了,武器》陈晓日
【期刊名称】《现代语文（学术综合）》
【年(卷),期】2006(000)010
【摘要】在小说《永别了，武器》的开始部分，有这么一段发人深省的段落，写的是当弗里德里希逃离军队后，整日泡在酒吧或妓院里，而没有去牧师家里。

弗里德里希本人也觉得烦闷，他这样沉思道：“我的感觉跟他一样的不好，我无法理解我为什么没有去。

那正是我想做的事情，我试图解释……我们为什么没有做自己真正想做的事情；我们从未这样过……他知道我是想去阿布洛兹的，他知道我们仍是朋友，虽然我们之间有分歧。

他总是知道我所不知道的事情。

总是知道我能够忘记的事情。

但是我后来才了解到这些。

”
【总页数】3页(P79-81)
【作者】陈晓日
【作者单位】潍坊医学院外语教学部
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】I1
【相关文献】
1.永别的仅仅是武器吗?--海明威代表作《永别了,武器》赏析 [J], 周卫军
2.战争与爱情的悲剧美学——海明威《永别了,武器》解读 [J], 王臻
3.存在·生存·人生--海明威的长篇小说《永别了,武器》解读 [J], 李晓珍
4.创作结构视角下的海明威作品解读--以《永别了,武器》中的圣经隐喻为例 [J], 黄守岗
5.从爱情三元理论解析《永别了,武器》中的爱情模式 [J], 乐妍鹭;李凤萍
因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。