大学艺术史复习提纲 Art H 100

Art H 100 Spring 2017 Study guide for Exam 2Archaic style Spearbearer x=2y+1 and Doric Trajan’s Column Humanism, told the story of militaryRealism, and victoryIdealism.Giotto uses foreshortening in his angelsArtist is Cimabue; first to move away from Byzantine styleAddresses themes of Neoplatonic ideas, marriage themes, pagan themes and references to the Medici familyBirth of Venus by BotticelliDavid by Donatello- first free-standing nude since antiquityLeonardo, Madonna (or Virgin of the Rocks) David by Michelangelo∙Important use of gestures example of terribilita∙Uses light to reveal and veilCommissioned for the Stanza della Segnatura. Features Plato and Aristotle in the center. Addresses themes of philosophy.Artist: Titian; Venetian oil painting Cult statue of Athena made of goldVenus or Aphrodite—first classical female in the nudeMona Lisa by Leonardo Masaccio, Holy Trinity Stolen from the Louvre in ParisHumanistic portrayal by Leonardl High Renaissance styleEve as momento mori Enrico Scrogveni—patron of Arena Chapel Eve uses Venus Pudica poseAdam’s abdominal muscles show his griefFigures have shadowsFra Angelico Annunciation The Arena Chapel--GiottoIn the monastery of San MarcoThe story is simplifiedByzantine icon Giotto and new naturalism;use of light and shading Greece and RomeCharacteristics of classical style:∙Humanism, realism, and idealismThe Doric order∙Sits on the stereobate∙Has triglyphs and metopesThe first Greek free-standing sculpture to feature contrapposto was Kritios BoyThe male Archaic figure∙Used as grave monuments∙Sometimes marked the tombs of older men∙Used as botive offerings at shrinesThe female Archaic figure∙Early examples always dressed∙Functions variedGreek philosophy—attention from the world of nature to the world of the mindA Greek order∙Dictates the proportional system governing the interrelationships of the partsThe Greek entablature is composted of the architrave and the friezeRoman characteristicsFamily, the state and the militaryPractical, efficient and organizedBuilding projects that represented the power of the empireThe Coliseum∙Prototype for the modern sports stadium∙Oval plan developed from two Greek theaters back to backByzantine to GiottoThe Medieval Church was able to control every aspect of an individual’s life ∙Through the sacramentsGiotto used the following techniques to suggest receding space∙Overlapping∙Foreshortening∙Backs of people∙ModelingThe Byzantine Icon∙Viewed as a vehicle to communicate with the spiritual world∙Religious painting that displayed a holy person or eventCharacteristics of Byzantine art∙Elongated figures∙Frontal view of figures∙Severe∙OtherworldlyEnrico Scrovegni was the patron of Giotto’s Arena Chapel.The Arena Chapel∙38 framed pictures∙Giotto∙Fresco∙New naturalism∙Narrative panels telling a storyCimabue’s Madonna Enthroned with Angels and Prophets∙Concerned with representing a deeper space by suggesting the Madonna’s throne recedes ∙into space∙RenaissanceMasaccio introduced Brunelleschi’s linear perspective in art. He establishes what we call Renaissance paining.Masaccio’s Expulsion of Adam and Eve from Eden∙Eve serves as memento mori∙Figures have substantial body weightTribute Money∙Aerial perspective∙Linear perspective∙Continuous narrativeDuring the Italian Renaissance patronage came from secular rulers (Kings), mercantile class and the Church.The Medici:Wealthy merchants in Florence—patrons of the artsCharacteristics of Renaissance Humanism∙Emphasis on education∙Knowledge of classical antiquityBirth of Venus—artist is Botticelli—pagan fantasy using the pose Venus PudicaPrimavera by Botticelli—commissioned by the Medici, served as a model for the bride and contains many references to the MediciVenetian painting∙Evocation of mood∙Reclining female nudeLeona rdo’s Last Supper—example of a balanced, refined composition using linear perspective Leonardo’s Virgin of the Rocks∙Depicts the legend of the meeting of St. John and the Christ Child∙Set within an unusual rocky landscapeCharacteristics of Leonardo’s st yle∙Atmospheric perspective∙Anatomical drawings∙Psychological insight∙Chiaroscuro∙SfumatoFlorentine and Roman painters associated with disegno (design)Characteristics of Raphael’s work—clarity, harmony, and unity of design; humanization of the Madonna and ChildArtistic training in the Italian Renaissance∙Based on a guild system∙Open only to boysSt. Lucy can be identified in a painting because she is holding a tray with her eyes on it.How does the enclosed garden function∙It closes off nature and the outside world which we view as frightening, beyond our control, wild and untamedThe enclosed garden represents the egoThe two Fra Angelico Annunciation painting differ in what way∙The Prado Annunciation has more detail and tells a story of the Fall of man the and coming of the Christian savior∙These painting inspired the poet Thomas Merton。