高考英语一轮复习 第一部分 基础考点聚焦 Unit1 Great scientists单元检测同步探源 新人教版必修5(1)

【优化方案】2015届高考英语一轮复习第一部分基础考点聚焦Unit1 Great scientists单元检测同步探源新人教版必修5Ⅰ.阅读理解(2014·安徽省高三皖西四校联考)When Alfred Nobel created the prizes that bear his name，he decided that they be given for work done in the previous year.But it has led to all kinds of trouble—as it did once again this month，when the Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology was awarded to a dead man.It is a complex story，one that could not have been foreseen when Nobel，the Swedish inventor，died in 1896.But it all traces back to his will，written at a time when international prizes were an original idea.Nobel did not say why he wanted t o reward scientists who “made the most important discovery” during the previous year.One can guess that he wanted to reward present­d ay innovation and not to give tombstone awards to Galileo，Hippocrates，and other scientists from centuries past.But will an d science often got involved.The one­year timing proved impractical；scientific findings generally need to be tested，sometimes for decades，before their value is appreciated.Perhaps to avoid the Galileo problem，the Nobel Foundation did state clearly that the award be given only to living people；that rule was made formal in the 1970s.But the rule against posthumous awards has now been violated several times—most recently this month，when the prize in medicine was given to Dr.Ralph M．Steinman，a scientist at Rockefeller University，who died three days before his election.His discovery，called dendritic cells，took place in 1973.The first posthumous winner was the poet Erik Karlfeldt.Karlfeldt had refused his selection in 1918 because he was a longtime member of the Swedish Nobel Academy.When he was selected again in 1931，he had died that April.What happens if a candidate dies? The Nobel Foundation might consider changes at its next meeting.One possibility would be to withhold (阻止) the announcement of an award until a Nobel official hears the winner’s voice on the famous notification calls.【文章大意】诺贝尔奖是一个国际奖项，用来奖励前一年在科学上取得重大发现的人。

诺贝尔基金会明确说明这个奖项只颁给活着的人，但科学发现需要时间来检验。

诺贝尔奖能颁给死去的人吗？或许诺贝尔奖需要一些变革？1．What did Alfred Nobel create the prizes for?A．To make himself remembered forever.B．To attract international attention to Sweden.C．To encourage contributions to mankind.D．To honor some dead outstanding discoverers.解析：选C。

推理判断题。

根据第一段中的“he decided that they be given for work done in the previous year.”和第三段中的“One can guess that he wanted to reward present­day innovation”可知，创立诺贝尔奖的目的就是奖励其所在时代的科学发现或重大成就。

2．Why has the Nobel Prize brought about trouble?A．The one­year timing is not workable.B．Nobel Foundation tries to break his will.C．Nobel’s fortune is not well managed.D．Candidates are hard to be selected worldwide.解析：选A。

细节理解题。

根据第四段中的“The one­year timing proved impractical；scientific findings generally need to be tested，sometimes for decades，before their value is appreciated.”可知答案。

3．What do the examples of the scientist Ralph M．Steinman and the poet Erik Karlfeldt suggest?A．The Nobel Foundation should obey the rules.B．Some rules of the prize call for reform.C．The Nobel Academy failed to perform their duty.D．The winner should live a very long life.解析：选B。

推理判断题。

根据上文可知，诺贝尔奖规定只颁发给健在的科学家，可是这一年的诺贝尔医学奖颁发给了已经去世的Ralph M．Steinman，1931年的诺贝尔文学奖颁发给了已逝的诗人Erik Karlfeldt，这两个例子足以说明诺贝尔奖的一些规定需要改革。

4．According to the last paragraph，the Nobel Prize is announced to the winner________．A．in secret B．through a visitC．by e­mail D．on the telephone解析：选D。

细节理解题。

根据文章最后一段最后一句话中的“until a Nobel official hears the winner’s voice on the famous notification calls”可知答案。

Ⅱ.七选五补缺题(2014·河南六市高中毕业班第二次联合考试)Doctors Say Most Heart Disease PreventableHeart disease is the number one killer，worldwide，of men and women over the age of 60.But people of all ages die of heart attacks each year.And while death rates have declined in the U．S.and many western European countries，they are on the rise in the developing world.1.________No one would have guessed that Barbara Teng would have a heart attack.She was not overweight.She did not smoke or exercise.“In 2004，the week after I turned 49，when I was on a business trip in Chicago，I had a major heart attack，” she said.2.________ She now exercises daily，and monitors her heart health.Dr.Patrice Nickens，who is with the National Heart，Lung and Blood Institute，thinks that heart disease is 82 percent preventable.“3.________” she said，“Men are also facing the same problem，and the key to staying healthy is knowing your numbers”．“Your weight，your blood cholesterol，blood sugar and your blood pressure are important numbers that can help you take action and reduce your risk，” she said.4.________“And the steps to take are simple: don’t smoke，maintain a healthy weight，exercise，know your numbers and talk to your physician and control these risks，”she said.African­Americans are at higher­than­average risk for heart disease and stroke；people don’t even know they have it，which increases the risk.Medstar Washington Hospital Center is trying to reach this population.5.________For example，helping the people monitor their blood pressure.If people realize they are at risk for heart disease，the’ll make lifestyle changes: lose weight，exercise，eat the right foods and keep in touch with a doctor.A．A healthy lifestyle can prevent heart disease.B．So we must cure heart disease.C．It is the leading cause of death for women.D．With the right training，they can play an important role in community health.E．And that changed her life.F．Lack of exercise causes heart attacks.G．Yet most heart disease is preventable.答案：1～5 GECADⅢ.完形填空(2014·陕西省咸阳市高考模拟)Nowadays，it’s not easy being a teenager，nor is it easy being a parent.Parents are __1__advice for their children on what to learn，but when it comes to __2__ to live，as a matter of fact，they often have __3__to say.As a result，children may grow up with good manners and much __4__，but without any idea how to __5__ their life.Here are some basics to help.Firstly，build proper relationships.“No man is an island.”So __6__ with friends will have a sense of belonging and not __7__from loneliness，whose ill effects have been __8__ among the elderly.If the young are surrounded by friends and relatives，they are more __9__ to recover from their illnesses.Then，try to be honest.Children must be taught to stay honest.It takes courage and training to be honest when people are getting away with cheating and __10__ all around.Be __11__ of money.Explain to children that credit cards must be used __12__and that when buying something using a credit card，they can easily end up paying two or three times more than in cash.Suppose your child __13__ a new bicycle that costs $150.__14__ paying the cash，give him some __15__ pocket money.And by putting aside $15 each week，he will be able to buy it for himself in only ten weeks.Another thing to keep in mind is to expect a lot from your child，but not everything，which is also __16__．So give your child space to __17__．If your child is __18__ to discuss something，don’t force him to do that.Instead，let him __19__ to solve things by himself.At the same time，__20__ him that you’re always there for him if he seeks advice or help.【文章大意】如今，当父母不容易，特别是讲到“如何生活”这个话题时，父母们似乎也很难讲清楚，本文给父母提出了一些建议。